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BO CO THC HNH HO HU C
BI 2: HYDROCACBON V DN XUT HALOGEN
Nhm Thc Hin: Nhm 1
Ngy Thc Hnh: 1!"!#$$"
%i&m '(i )h*
I. MC CH TH NGHIM!
%i+u ch, an-an . /*0an12 3c 45nh 06nh ch70 c8a hi9:ocac;on no<
#
SN
U
nhBng Pau -hi cho 0i,) m>0y@amin -,0 08a 0an @\i hSnh 0hnh 9ung 95ch 3anh 9Bng 06m<
Do -hT nXng 0\o )hJc c8a amin =Li ion Cu
#Y
0:ong 9ung 95ch ;a?2 c mu 3anh 06m
n*n 08a 0\o :a 0an @\i -hi 0i,) 0ac cho m>0y@amin =o<
*. "#?% @%. 6Q/ ]<CE
C
Thao 0c: cho =o Ing nghim $21m@ m>0y@amin2 0i,) 0ac cho =o $21m@ >C@
M
$21N<
Hin 0BCng 3u70 hin -,0 08a n^u 4j
S 4[ )hTn Jng:
>C@
M
Y MCH
M
NH
Y
M
NH
!
MCH
M
NH
Y
M
C@
!
Y >.NH1
M
y
n^u 4j
Do m>0y@amin -hFng c )hTn Jng 0\o )hJc =Li >.NH1
M
n*n 08a Pw -hFng 0an @\i Pau
)hTn Jng<
T#- %.#/01 2! "#?% @%. *D+ +*/' +1/%)+G<::/* X.E&G/%Y 6Q/ *#>: *#k :#R 174 67
6Q/ C4O
+Y "#?% @%. *D+ +*/' +1/%)+G<::/* X.E&G/%Y 6Q/ *#>: *#k :#R 174
Cho =o M Ing nghim: mEi Ing 1m@ NH
#
CH
M
CNNH #t<
ng 1 nhj =o # gid0 m>0y@ 9a cam : 9ung 95ch c mu =ng 4ni mu -hFng 4ng -&<
.-hoTng chuy&n mu c8a m>0y@ 9a cam @ M<1! U<U1
N N (H
3
C)
2
N SO
3
Na
/>0y@ 9a cam
ng 2 nhj =o # gid0 m>0y@ 4j: 9ung 95ch chuy&n mu 0v mu 4j Pang =ng<rhoTng
chuy&n mu c8a m>0y@ 4j @ U<U q s<#2 gcn =Li =Li -hoTng )H c8a 9ung 95ch hn
.NH
#
CH
M
CNNH 0hB(ng gcn 0:ung 06nh1 n*n P chuy&n mu 0h& hin :o hn<
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang #K
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
N N N(CH
3
)
2
COOH
/>0y@ 4j
ng 3 nhj =o # 9ung 95ch `u: 9ung 95ch `u c mu 3anh chuy&n Pang =ng< Do
9ung 95ch `u c -hoTng 4ni mu 0v K<$ q u<$2 0\i )Hx u `u c mu 3anh2 = mu 4j
0\i )Hx K2$ n*n `u c mu 0ung gian c8a 4j = 3anh 9o -hoTng )H c8a 9ung 95ch
nDm gia -hoTng K<$! u<$ .gcn ;Dng 1
NhB =ly2 g@y3in @ ch70 0[n 0\i cT hai 06nh ch70 @ aci9 = ;a?2 gcn nhB @ c )hTn Jng
0:ung 06nh2 hay )hTn Jng aci9 :70 y,u< `ua )hf) chuQn 4W ;Dng 0huIc 0hb mu cho 0h7y
g@y3in c chH PI )H -hoTng s2u<
= G/?/ :#-*#! Do 0:ong 9ung 95ch2 )h^n 0b g@y3in 0[n 0\i 9\ng @Bng cc a3i0 = ;a?
n*n 0:ong 9ung 95ch2 g@y3in 0[n 0\i _ 9\ng H
M
N
Y
!CH
#
!CNN
!
,. "#?% @%. *D+ +*/' +1/%)+G<::/* X.E&(/%Y 6Q/ C4O
Cho $2K gam CuN = # gid0 g@y3in #t =o Ing nghim Z @ec = 4un nng =i )hG0 :[i
4h0 0:*n gi 4& cho CuN 9B @eng 3uIng<
Hin 0BCng: cho 0inh 0h& muIi )hJc nWi c8a 4[ng c mu 3anh
Cing nhB cc aci9 cac;o3y@ic -hc cc aminoaci9 c 0h& 0\o muIi =Li ;a?o m\nh<
Ngoi cc muIi 0hB(ng cc !aminoaci9 c 0h& 0\o )hJc nWi )h^n 0b =Li -im @o\i
nhng2 )hJc ny :70 ;+n<
NH
2
H
2
C
COOH
Cu
#Y
N
H
2
H
2
C
OC
H
2
N
CH
2
C
O
O
O
Cu
Nhln 3f0: 4^y @ mu 3anh 4hc 0:Bng cho 070 cT cc !aminoa3i0
Do muIi )hJc :70 ;+n -hFng ;5 )h^n h8y ;_i -i+m n*n cho 1!# gid0 9ung 95ch NaNH
1t =o Ing nghim chJa $2Km@ 9ung 95ch 0:*n P] -hFng 0\o 08a Cu.NH1
#
< N,u c 0\o
08a 0hS 9o 9ung 95ch 0:ong Ing nghim c @An CuN ;an 4cu )hTn Jng 9B<
rhi g\n @7y 9ung 95ch cmn @\i cho =o Ing nghim -hc = @m @\nh 0:ong cc nBLc 4
0:Wn =Li NaNH 0hS mu 3anh 9ung 95ch 4lm hn2 3anh PAm2 )hTn Jng 9& 3Ty :a2 )hJc
0\o ;+n hn<
T#- %.#/01 C! "#?% @%. *D+ .E&G/% 6Q/ +*/' %/:(^ XHNO
2
Y
Cho =o Ing nghim 1m@ g@y3in 1$t2 1m@ 9ung 95ch NaNN
#
1$t = # gid0 aci9 a3>0ic
4hc<
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang #s
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
Hin 0BCng 3Ty :a @ 3u70 hin P8i ;d0 -h6 -hFng mVi2 Ing 0ja nhi02 9ung 95ch c mu
=ng
RhTn Jng 4cu 0i*n 3Ty :a 0:ong hnn hC) @ P 0\o 0hnh HNN
#
:
NaNN
#
Y CH
M
CNNH Z CH
M
CNNNa Y HNN
#
Do 4 )hTn Jng c8a hnn hC) P] 3Ty :a 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng aci9 -,0 `uT @ nhm
cac;o3y@ -hFng ion ha2 nhm amino ):o0on ha:
H
#
NCH
#
CNNH Y HNNN Z HNCH
M
CNNH Y N
#
} Y H
#
N
Nhln 3f0: )hTn Jng giTi )hng -h62 9Vng 4& nhln ;i,0 amin ;lc ~2 nhln ;i,0 ;Dng P
giTi )hng N
#
0:ong )hTn Jng = -hT nXng 0\o :BCu ;lc ~ .4Ii =Li amin ;lc ~~2 4 @
an9>hi01< T:\ng 0hi ion ha c8a cc nhm ny 0Vy 0huWc =o )H c8a mFi 0:B(ng<
T:ong mFi 0:B(ng a3i0 .)H 1 nhm cac;o3y@ -hFng ion ha2 nhm amino ):o0on
ha< Cmn 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng -i+m .)H 1 nhm cac;o3y@ ion ha2 nhm amino -hFng
ion ha<
T#- %.#/01 F!T-%# 801 *D+ N():/:
ChuQn ;5 9ung 95ch ):o0>in .9ung 95ch @mng 0:eng 0:Jng1
Rh^n 0b ):o0i0 g[m cc m\ch 9i .cc chuni1 )o@i )>0i9> hC) 0hnh<
Cc ):o0i0 -hi 0h8y )h^n cho cc aminoa3i0 = mW0 0hnh )hcn -hc -hFng )hTi ):o0i0
.)hi ):o0i01 nhB g@u3i02 @i)i02 aci9 nu@>o0ic{ TBng 0 aminoa3i02 ):o0>in c 06nh ch70
4in @i @Bng 06nh< TVy 0h>o )H c8a mFi 0:B(ng2 4in 06ch c8a cc )h^n 0b ):o0>in cing
0hay 4ni
DBLi 0c 9ang c8a mFi 0:B(ng aci9 hay ;a?o2 ):o0i0 ;5 0h8y )h^n ha:
R:o0i0
H
#
N
cc )o@i )>)0i0
H
#
N
)>)0i0
H
#
N
amino aci9
H
N
H
C
R
C
O
n
nH
#
N
H
Y
hay NH
!
H
2
N
H
C C
R
O
OH n
+. T()%. 1A/ :(Vl%. +*/'
ng nghim 1: nhj =i gid0 m>0y@ 9a cam =o $21m@ HC@ $21N c 1m@ nBLc c70 0hS
mu 9ung 95ch 0:_ 0hnh h[ng
ng nghim 2: cho =o Ing nghim -hoTng #!M m@ ):o0ic = 1m@ 9ung 95ch _ Ing 1 0v
n^u 4j chuy&n Pang cam =ng<
Nhln 3f0: 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng aci9 0hS ):o0i0 =va 0h8y )h^n 0\o amino aci9 c nhm
cac;o3y@ -hFng ion ha2 nhm amino ):o0on ha<
,. T()%. 1A/ :(Vl%. S/31
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang #
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
ng nghim 3: cho $21m@ NaNH $21N cho 0h*m nBLc c702 @ec 4+u = cho 0h*m #!M gid0
RR Z9ung 95ch nhuIm mu h[ng
ng nghim 4: cho =o Ing nghim -hoTng #!M m@ ):o0i0 = 1m@ 9ung 95ch _ Ing M
Z mu h[ng hi nh\0
Nhln 3f0: 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng ;a?o 0hS ):o0i0 =va 0h8y )h^n 0\o amino aci9 c nhm
cac;o3y@ ion ha2 nhm amino -hFng ion ha<
= G/?/ :#-*# :-%# *#>: 801 *D+ N():/:! 9o ):o0i0 ;5 0h8y )h^n ha 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng
a3i0 hay ;a? 0\o 0hnh cc amin2 nhng amin ny mang 06nh ch70 @Bng 06nh 9o c
4[ng 0h(i nhm !NH
#
= qCNNH2 0\o 0hnh mW0 h 4m @m cho )H 9ung 95ch 60 0hay
4ni -hi 0a 0h*m mW0 @BCng a3i0 hohc ;a? =o n*n -hT nXng 0hay 4ni mu c8a 0huIc
0hb 0h>o )H ;5 h\n ch,
T#- %.#/01 H!C;* N#?% @%. 174 *D+ N():/:
+. "#?% @%. ,/4(<
Thao 0c: .1m@ ):o0i0 Y 1m@ NaNH M$t Y 1 gid0 CuSN
U
1
Hin 0BCng: 0\o 0hnh )hJc ch70 mu 06m 4j
T:ong mFi 0:B(ng NH
!
):o0i0 c )hTn Jng 0h8y )h^n 0\o aminoaci9 Pau 4 0ham gia
)hTn Jng 0\o )hJc =Li Cu
#Y
:
H
2
N
H
C C
R
O
O
H
2
N
HC
C
R
O
O
N
H
2
CH
C
R
O
O
Cu
Cu
#Y
#
RhJc mu 06m 4j
Nhln 3f0: T:ong 4 )hJc ch70 4BCc 0\o :a gia Cu @i*n -,0 0:c 0i,) =Li # N3i = 0\o
@i*n -,0 hi9:o =Li # Ni0<
%^y @ )hTn Jng 4hc 0:Bng c8a @i*n -,0 )>)>0i9> .!CNNH!12 070 cT cc ch70 c 0v # @i*n
-,0 )>)0i0 0:_ n*n 4+u cho )hTn Jng ny<
,. "#?% @%. %/%#/'(/%
Thao 0c: .1m@ ):o0i0 Y #!M gid0 ninhi9:in1 @ec = 4un PFi =i )hG0<
Hin 0BCng: 0\o 0hnh hC) ch70 mu 3anh 06m
Ninhi9:in @ h9:a0 c8a 0:i>30ohi9:in9>n< RhTn Jng =Li aminoaci9 ;Dng )hTn Jng
9>amin o3i ha c8a aminoaci9 =Li ninhi9:in cho PTn )hQm muIi mu 06m:
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang #u
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
O
O
O
H
C COOH H
2
N
R
H
#
N
N
O
O
H
C COOH
R
C
#
N
N
O
O
C
H
R
H
#
N
NH
2
O
O
pCHN
O
O
O
H
#
N
N
O
O
O
O
H
Y
N
O
O
O
O
mu 06m
Nhln 3f0: cc a@)ha a3i0 amin c8a ):o0>in 0ham gia )hTn Jng =Li ninhi9:in2 )hTn Jng
chung @ )hTn Jng c P 0ham gia c8a cT hai nhm !CNNH = !NH
#
< DVng 4& 45nh
06nh2 45nh @BCng ):o0>in
*. "#?% @%. G+%:)N():</%
Cho =o Ing nghim 1m@ ):o0i0 = $2#!$2Mm@ HNN
M
4hc2 @ec nhk -,0 08a 9\ng ->o
mu =ng
%un nng hEn hC) PFi 0:ong -hoOng 1!# )hG0 ):o0i0 0an :a = P] cho mu 4hc 0:Bng
c8a hnn hC) @ mu =ng Png<
RhTn Jng ni0:o ha 0i:io?in:
OH
H
2
C
H
C COOH
NH
2
Y#HNN
M
!H
#
N
OH
H
2
C
H
C COOH
NH
2
NO
2
O
2
N
=ng Png
RhTn Jng 3an0o):o0>in cho mu =ng Png2 9Vng 4& nhln :a P c mh0 aminoaci9 chJa
=mng 0hm 0:ong )h^n 0b ):o0i0 hay )o@i )>)0i0< /u =ng Pinh :a 9o cc hC) ch70
)o@ini0:o 4BCc 0\o 0hnh nh( )hTn Jng ni0:o ha 0:*n<
'm nguWi hnn hC) cho =o 0vng gid0 NaNH M$t .-hoTng #m@1 cho mu 9a cam2
@ec m\nh 0a 4BCc mu 4j .ngT 9a cam1<
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang #"
Dcu 9va )hmng
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
OH
H
2
C
H
C COOH
NH
2
NO
2
O
2
N
=ng Png
O
H
2
C
H
C COOH
NH
2
O
2
N N
O
OH
#NaNH
!#H
#
N
O
H
2
C
H
C COONa
NH
2
O
2
N N
O
ONa
=ng 9a cam
T:ong mFi 0:B(ng -i+m2 mu =ng Png chuy&n 0hnh mu 4j cam2 9o 0\o 0hnh anion
mang mu<
T#- %.#/01 K! /34 *#5 G7 N#m%.
= T#+) :;* 8/34 *#5!
Cho =o >:@>n c 9ung 06ch #K$m@2 -hoTng #2Kg NaNH :en = 2Km@ >0ano@ "st2 cho
0i,) 2K m@ nBLc 4& hma 0an NaNH .9o >0ano@ -hFng 0c 9ang 4BCc =Li NaNH =
-hFng 0an 0:ong nBLc1
Cho 0i,) 2K gam 9cu 9va = 0h*m =i =i*n 4 ;d0 Z 4un -hoTng # gi(2 0:ong `u 0:Snh
4un ccn -hu7y hnn hC) ;Dng 48a 0h8y 0inh2 4>m 4un Pau mW0 0h(i gian Z 9\ng 08a
0:eng hi =ng
Y G/?/ :#-*#!
Dcu 9va 0an :70 60 0:ong nBLc nhBng @\i 0an 0I0 0:ong aco@ n*n 0a cho >0ano@ =o @m
0Xng -hT nXng 0an c8a 9cu 9va<
Dcu 9va .c gIc Hi9:o cac;on 9ao 4Wng 0v C
u
q C
1#
1 0Jc @i)i0 cmn gdi @ ch70 ;fo2
c -hT nXng 0h8y )h^n 0:ong mFi 0:B(ng -i+m .)hTn Jng 3 )hmng ha >P0>1 HEn
hC) muIi na0:i c8a cc a3i0 ;fo 4BCc gdi @ 3 )hmng<
S 4[ )hTn Jng:
CH
2
CH
OOC
CH
2
OOC
OOC
R
R'
R''
CH
2
CH
OOC
CH
2
OOC
OOC
Na
Na
Na
MNaNH
R
R'
R''
OH
OH
OH
0
o
C ch, )hTn Jng:
R C
O
OR'
NH
!
R C
O
-
OH
OR'
R C OH
O
pN
!
R COO
-
pNH
rhi Pb 9ang ch70 ;fo 4& 0nng hC) 3 )hmng Z0\o :a # @o\i2 4 @: 3 )hmng m+m
.chJa na0:i1 = 3 )hmng cJng .chJa -a@i1< )hmng m+m cho cTm gic 0:n -hi 0i,)
3Gc2 hSnh 0hnh ;d0 -hi 0:Wn chung 0:ong nBLc2 = @m P\ch<
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang M$
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
T:ong `u 0:Snh )hTn Jng 0\o 3 )hmng2 @uFn -h7y hEn hC) )hTn Jng2 4Tm ;To PTn
)hQm )hTn Jng -hFng ;5 ;n cac< Sau -hi -hu7y @i*n 0ac 0:ong #h2 0:ong >:@>n @Gc ny
@ 3 )hmng -,0 0inh c mu 0:eng<
Ti,) 0h>o2 hma 0an 1M gam NaC@ 0:ong Km@ nBLc 0:ong ;>ch>: #K$m@2 :0 0on ;W PTn
)hQm 3 )hmng ha cmn nng =o ;>ch>: ny< DVng 48a 0h8y 0inh -hu7y 0:ong -hoTng
#!M )hG0<
HEn hC) cc muIi na0:i .3 )hmng1 Pinh :a _ 0:\ng 0hi ->o< /uIn 0ch 3 )hmng :a
-hji hEn hC) nBLc = g@i3>:in2 )hTi cho 0h*m muIi Xn =o 9ung 95ch< )hmng na0:i
:70 60 0an 0:ong nBLc muIi2 =S =ly chGng P] nni @*n 0hnh mW0 @L) 4Fng 4hc _ )h6a 0:*n<
'dc @7y 3 )hmng nni @*n ;Dng )h&u Bu:chn>: _ ) 3u70 0h7)2 0i,) 0ac :ba @\i ;Dng
nBLc @\nh #!M @cn .mEi @cn 1$ m@ nBLc1< ) @L) 3 )hmng 0hu 4BCc gia # @L) gi7y @dc
cho :o nBLc hon 0on<
Ngoi :a =ic cho muIi NaC@ =o 4& cI 45nh ion Na
Y
0:ong 3 )hmng<
T:ong nh my 4i+u ch, 3 )hmng cmn c cFng 4o\n 0ch = 0inh ch, g@i3>:in< Sau -hi
0ch 3 )hmng 9ung 95ch cmn @\i c chJa g@i3>:in muIi Xn = cc 0\) ch70 -hc<C 0h&
3b @6 ;Dng )hBng )h) ha hdc 0:BLc 4& @m -,0 08a 0\) ch702@dc :[i 4>m chBng c70
9BLi ) Pu70 0h7)< rhi 9ung 95ch 4O 4lm 4hc29Vng my @i 0^m 4& 0hu h[i muIi Xn20i,)
0ac c70 )h^n 4o\n 4& 0hu @7y g@i3>:in<
T#- %.#/01 M! /34 *#5 *#>: :n& (Z+
= C#>: :n& (Z+!
Do =ic 4i+u ch, 3 )hmng ;Dng @i)i0 c mW0 nhBCc 4i&m @ -hFng gih0 4BCc 0:ong
nBLc cJng =S n 0\o cc -,0 08a =Li cc ion can3i = magi* ;,0 @*n mh0 =Ti @m =Ti
chng mac Z 0nng hC)2 hC) ch70 -hFng )hTi @ muIi na0:i c8a a3i0 cac;o3y@ic2 nhBng
c 0c 9ang 0Qy :ba nhB 3 )hmng< Nhng hC) ch70 4 4BCc gdi @ cc ch70 0Qy :ba
0nng hC) .cmn gdi @ ;W0 gih0 0nng hC) hay 3 )hmng ;W01
Ch70 0Qy :ba 0nng hC) c 0hnh )hcn ch6nh @ Na0:i 0>0:a!):o)y@>n ;>n?>n Punona0
hohc 9o9>3y;>n?>n Punona0na0:i<
Ch70 0Qy :ba c c7u 0\o # )hcn:
! Rhcn Ba nBLc @ nhm )h^n cc: Suno qSN
M
H.!SN
M
Na1 =a # gIc Puna0 .SN
U
#!1
! Rhcn - nBLc g[m cc hy:ocac;on -hFng )h^n cc2 c 0h& @ cc gIc |@-y@2 |:y@2
|@-y@ a:y@2{
Rhcn - nBLc c c7u 0\o m\ch 0hng -hT nXng ho\0 4Wng ;+ mh0 0I0 hn m\ch nhnh
= 0hB(ng nhm c hEn hC) |@-y@ = |:y@ 0I0 hn |@-y@ hohc |:y@ 4n 0hucn<
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang M1
Bo Co Thc Hnh Ha Hu C GVHD: ThS Nguyn nh Nga
TVy 0h>o 4hc 06nh c8a nhm Ba nBLc ngB(i 0a chia cc ch70 ho\0 4Wng ;+ mh0 0nng hC)
0hnh M @o\i:
+ 'o\i |nion: Ch8 y,u c nhm SN
M
!
2 NSN
M
!
.! SN
M
Na2 ! NSN
M
Na1<
+ 'o\i Ca0ion: @ @o\i chJa nhm amin ;lc U
p N CH
3
Cl
-
CH
3
CH
2 C
6
H
5
+ 'o\i -hFng ion. 0:ung 06nh1: c nhm )h^n cc @ nhm qNH2 *0>2 >P0>2{
%i+u ch,: Cho cc a3i0 4BCc 0nng hC) 0v PTn )hQm 9cu mj =Li Na
#
CN
M
2 0a 0hu 4BCc
cc muIi c8a n
1# #K s U M M # #K s U M # #
# # 1 C H C H SO H NaCO C H C H SO Na H O CO + + +
= T#+) :;* :#- %.#/01!
Cho K gam '|S =o ;>:ch>: #K$m@2 -h7y 4+u = 0h*m 0v 0v 12M gam Na
#
CN
M
:en
-hu7y 0i,) K )hG0 = 4& y*n 0:ong 1$ )hG0<
CH
M
.CH
#
CH
#
1
"!1#
C
s
H
K
SN
M
H Y Na
#
CN
M
Z CH
M
.CH
#
CH
#
1
"!1#
C
s
H
K
SN
M
Na
ch70 0Qy
Y H
#
N Y
CN
#
}
RhTn Jng 0:*n cing c 0h& minh hda nhB Pau:
Hma 0an $2Km@ NaC@ 0:ong 1$m@ nBLc Z cho 0v 0v =o ;>:ch>: 0:*n 9o -hu7y nhk 0\o
0hnh nhi+u ;d0 n*n 9vng @\i 4Ci ;d0 @eng 3uIng mLi cho 0i,) 9ung 9ich NaC@ =o<
TBng 0 nhB )hTn Jng 4i+u ch, 3 )hmng2 0a cho muIi na0:i c@o:ua =o nhcm 0hu
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nOo2 0c 9ang h\ PI02 giTm 4au2 chIng =i*m2 0c 9ang @*n 0i&u ccu2{
Nhm thc hin: Nhm1 T:ang U$