NG DNG CNG NGH THNG TIN

TRONG DY TIN HC
8 -2009
Th.S. Nguyn Duy Hi
D: 0904702113
TT.CNTT - Trng i hc S phm H ni
Ni dung trnh by
Lecture Maker
L lun chung
Bi ging in t?
L bi ging c s h tr ca cng ngh thng tin m
trong ton b hot ng dy hc c chng trnh
ha thng qua mi trng multimedia.
mc thp, gio vin thc hin ging bi di s h
tr ca bn trnh din t chc cc hot ng dy hc
nhm p ng c mc tiu ca bi hc.
mc cao nht ca bi ging in t l ton b kch
bn dy hc ca ngi thy c s ha, to nn mt
phn mm dy hc hon chnh c tng tc v kh nng
qun l. c bit l n c th thay th vai tr ca ngi
thy mt s thi im nht nh.
Trong mi trng multimedia, thng tin c truyn
di cc dng: vn bn (text), ho (graphics), hot
nh (animation), nh chp (image), m thanh (audio)
v phim video (video clip).
L lun chung
Gio n in t?
Gio n in t l bn thit k c th ton b k hoch hot
ng dy hc ca gio vin khi thc hin mt bi ging in t.
Ton b hot ng dy hc c multimedia ho mt
cch chi tit, c cu trc cht ch v logic c quy nh bi
cu trc ca bi hc.
Gio n in t l mt sn phm ca hot ng thit k bi dy
trc khi bi dy hc c tin hnh.
Gio n in t chnh l bn thit k ca bi ging in t,
chnh v vy xy dng gio n in t hay thit k bi ging
in t l hai cch gi khc nhau cho mt hot ng c th
c c bi ging in t.
Quy trnh thit k bi ging in t
Yu cu ca mt bi ging in t
Tiu ch nh gi bi ging in t
Nhng li thng gp khi lm bi ging in t
Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu bi hc
Hc xong bi th hc sinh s t c g v?
Kin thc
K nng
Thi

Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 2: Xc nh trng tm v kin thc c bn

Cn bm st vo chng trnh dy hc v
sch gio khoa b mn
Cn phi c thm ti liu, sch bo tham
kho m rng hiu bit v vn cn
ging dy v to kh nng chn ng kin
thc c bn
Vic chn lc kin thc c bn ca bi dy
hc c th gn vi vic sp xp li cu trc
ca bi lm ni bt cc mi lin h gia
cc hp phn kin thc ca bi, t r thm
cc trng tm, trng im ca bi.
Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 3: Xy dng kch bn dy hc
(chng trnh ha tin trnh dy hc)
Xc nh cu trc ca kch bn
Chi tit ha cu trc ca kch bn
Xc nh cc bc ca qu trnh dy hc
Xc nh qu trnh tng tc gia thy, tr
v cc i tng khc(phim, nh, text)
hot ng ca thy, tr v cng c h tr.
Xc nh cc cu hi, phn hi trong cc hot
ng
Hnh dung(lp ghp) thnh tin trnh dy
hc
Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 4: Xc nh t liu cho cc hot ng
Phim (video), nh (image), hot cnh
(animation)...
Tm kim t liu
X l t liu
Phn phi t liu cho mi hot ng
Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 5: La chn phn mm cng c v s ha
kch bn dy hc
La chn phn mm cng c thch hp
Ci t(s ha) ni dung
To hiu ng trong cc tng tc
...


Thit k bi ging in t
Bc 6: Chy th, chnh sa v hon thin
Trnh din th
Sot li
Kim tra tnh logic, hp l ca cc thnh phn
Chnh sa
Hon thin
ng gi


Bi ging in t

GII THIU V MY TINH
BI 3- TIN HC LP 10
Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu bi hc
Kin thc:
M t c cc tnh nng c bn ca cc b phn
ch yu v cc thit b ca my tnh
K nng:
Nhn bit cc b phn ch yu ca MTT do quan
st
Lm quen v tp mt s thao tc s dng chut v
bn phm
Hc xong bi ny hc vin:
Bc 2: Xc nh trng tm, kin thc c bn
N1: m t tnh nng cc b phn ch yu ca MTT
N2: Thc hnh quan st v tp mt s thao tc v
chut, bn phm
N3: Kim tra nh gi cc mc tiu ca bi
Bc 3: Xy dng kch bn
Cu trc kch bn
M bi
Ging bi mi
* Cc tnh nng ca cc b phn ch yu ca MTT
* Thc hnh phng my
Kim tra nh gi bi hc

Xy dng chi tit kch bn

Xy dng chi tit kch bn
K hiu
M Modun( mt bi hc, mt chng, mt gio trnh vvv )
N Ni dung
T Hot ng ca thy
S Hin th ca mn hnh
H Hot ng ca hc sinh
Q Cu hi phn hi
M = N + T + S + H + Q
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
M bi (3 pht):
Ging bi mi ( )
N1: Cc tnh nng ca cc b phn ch yu
N11: Khai nim h thng tin hc
T(li ): H thng tin hc dng lm g?
S(text): H thng tin hc dng lm g?
H : c sch v tr li ( 1->3 hs)
T( li): Cc thnh phn ca h thng ny?
S(text):Cc thnh phn ca h thng ny?
H: tr li
S(text): S cc thnh phn h thng tin hc



Xy dng chi tit kch bn
N12: Cu trc ca MTT
S: Hin s cu trc my tnh
T ( li ): phn tch s v gii thch tnh nng cc b
phn. Ch gii thch trao i thng tin gia cc b
phn ca my tnh.
H. Theo di v t cu hi trao i
N13: B x l trung tm
S: nh cc b phn b x l tt
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc tnh nng
- Cc nhm khc b xung
T( li): kt lun tnh nng cc b phn ca b x l
S: Hin cc tnh nng cc b phn
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
N14: B nh trong
S: Hin nh b nh trong (ROM,RAM )
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc tnh nng
- Cc nhm khc b xung
S: Hin text tnh nng b nh trong (ROM,RAM )
T ( li ): kt lun tnh nng b nh trong
S: Hin nh t chc b nh trong
T ( li ): gii thch v t chc ca b nh trong
N15: B nh ngoi
S: nh b nh ngoi
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc tnh nng
- Cc nhm khc b xung
T( li): Kt lun tnh nng ca b nh ngoi
S: Hin cc tnh nng cc b nh ngoi
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
N16: Thit b vo
S: Hin nh thit b vo (bn phm, chut, my qut.. )
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc tnh nng
- Cc nhm khc b xung
S: Hin text tnh nng cc thit b
T ( li ): kt lun tnh nng cc thit b
N17: Thit b ra
S: Hin nh thit b ra ( nm hnh, my chiu, my in..)
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc tnh nng
- Cc nhm khc b xung
T( li): Kt lun tnh nng ca thit b ra
S: Hin cc tnh nng cc thit b ra
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
N18: Hot ng ca my tnh
S: Hin cu hi v nguyn tc hot ng ca my tinh
H: - Tho lun nhm
- i in nhm bo co cc nguyn tc
- Cc nhm khc b xung
S: Hin cc nguyn tc hot ng ca my tnh
T ( li ): kt lun cc nguyn tc hot ng ca my tnh
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
Ging bi mi ( )
N2: Thc hnh
N21: HS xem video cu to MTT
N22: Thc hnh trong phng my
H: Chia nhm quan st cc b phn ca my tnh in t
T: hng dn cc thao tc vi chut, bn phm
H: tp thao tc vi chut, bn phm
Xy dng chi tit kch bn
Kim tra dnh gi mc tiu ca bi hc
H: lm bi kim tra nh gi trc nghim trn my tinh
T: Tng kt, nhn xt bi hc

S cu trc ca my tnh
Cc nh b x l trung tm, b nh trong, b nh
ngoi, nh thit b vo/ra
oan phim gii thiu cu to ca my tnh in t
.

Bc 4: xc nh t liu cho hot ng
La chn phn mm cng c thch hp
Ci t(s ha) ni dung
To hiu ng trong cc tng tc
...

Bc 5: La chn phn mm cng c
v s ha kch bn dy hc

S ho kch bn
BI 3
GII THIU V MY TNH
NI DUNG
Khi nim h thng tin hc
S cu trc ca my
B x l trung tm
B nh trong
B nh ngoi
Cc thit b vo
Cc thit b ra
Nguyn l hot ng ca MTT
Cu hi v bi tp
CC CHC NNG TRONG TNH TON
Chc nng nhp thng tin
Chc nng xut thng tin
Chc nng iu khin
Chc nng nh
Chc nng tnh ton
1. Khi nim h thng tin hc
Trong x hi hin ai khi
b no con ngi khng
cha ni lng thng tin
v s l kp. Con ngi
sng to ra h thng tin
hc x l thng tin mt
cch t ng
1. Khi nim h thng tin hc
Cc
thnh
phn h
thng tin
hc
Phn cng (Hardware)
Phn mm
( Software)
S qun l v iu khin ca
con ngi
* Qu trnh x l thng tin bng my tnh:
Chng trnh

D liu

* Cu trc chung ca my tnh:

My tnh
Kt qu
Thit b
nhp
Thit b
xut
B x l
trung tm
B nh
2. S cu trc ca my tnh











Khu vc trung tm




B x l
B nh



B s hc v logic
B iu khin
B nh trong
B nh ngoi
Thit b a vo
Thit b a ra
Khu vc ngoi vi
2. S cu trc ca my tnh




B x l (CPU)
GII PHU MT MY TNH IN T
B nh (memory)



B s hc v logic
B iu khin
B nh trong
B nh ngoi
Thit b a vo
(input device)
Thit b a ra
(output device)
4. B NH TRONG
B nh xuyn ferrit
B nh bn dn
c tnh ca b nh trong
1. Tc truy xut thng tin nhanh
2. Ni chung, khng gi c thng
tin khi khng c ngun nui
3. Gi thnh lu tr cao
B nh trong l ni lu tr
thng tin tm thi trong
qu trnh lm vic ca my
tnh. CPU truy xut d liu
trc tip t b nh trong.
4. B NH TRONG
RWM (Read Write Memory), b
nh ghi, xo c. Do trc khi
ghi/c, nh c nh v
trc nn tc truy nhp
khng ph thuc vo v tr cc
nh trong b nh. Chnh v th
RWM cn gi l b nh truy
nhp ngu nhin (Random
Access Memory) Ngi ta
thng gi b nh loi ny l
RAM v t gi l RWM) ROM (read only memory): ch
c, chng trnh khng ghi
c, phi ghi trc bng cc
phng tin chuyn dng.
EPROM c th xo v ghi li
bng cc thit b chuyn dng
T CHC CA B NH TRONG
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
nh 8 bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
a ch 0
a ch 1
a ch 2
a ch 3
a ch n-1
Mt nh
Mt ngn nh
5. B NH NGOI
C kh nng lu tr khng cn
ngun nui (gi cc ti liu dng
nhiu ln)
Lu tr vi khi lng ln (v d
h s ca mt ngn hng)
Lu tr vi gi thnh r
Cc cng ngh lu tr
Vt liu t (a mm, a
cng, bng t, a quang
t MO)
Vt liu quang (a CD)
Bn dn (Flash driver)
BNG T
Bng c ph vt liu t tnh. Thng tin
c ghi theo cc ng bng cc
u t. Ch ghi- c l tun t
u im: Dung lng ln, rt r tin
Nhc im: Khai thc chm v ch
khai thc l tun t
Bng t thng dng lu tr d
liu c tn s khai thc thp (v d ghi
cc in thoi, mt thng ly ra mt
ln tnh cc) hoc dng vi mc
ch backup t ng. nh k, my
tnh sao chp mt vng d liu ln
bng t, mi ln gi li mt phin bn
Bng t kiu
cassette
Bng t v t c
bng t c ln
B NH NGOI: A MM (FLOPPY DISK)
Ly chng ghi
Cc cung (sector)
ng ghi track)
V a
a
Ca c/ghi
Lm bng nha tng hp, trn c ph lp vt liu t tnh c t trong v
bc hnh vung bo v khi bi v ch m mt ca cho u c/ghi tip xc
c vi a.
D liu c nh v trn a theo a ch, c xc nh qua mt a, ch s
ng ghi (track), ch s cung (sector). Vic c/ghi thng tin vi a thc hin
theo cc n v vi cung gi l lin cung (cluster) trn mt ng ghi ch khng
thc hin theo tng byte. Thit b c ghi gi l a (driver)
a mm d tho lp, r tin nhng mau hng, dung lng nh, khai thc chm
a
A CNG (HARD DISK)
Sc cha hay dung lng
tnh theo GB. T nm 2006
xut hin cc a cng c
sc cha ti terabyte (mt
nghn t byte).
Thi gian truy nhp: thi
gian trung bnh t c
u t vo v tr c (khong
10 ms).
tin cy thng tnh bng
khong thi gian trung bnh
gia hai ln li. Khong thi
gian trung bnh c mt li
ca a cng ln ti hng
chc nghn gi
a cng thng l mt b a
bng hp kim nhm c ph vt
liu t xp thnh chng, ng
trc. Mi a cng quy nh cc
ng ghi, cc cung tng t
nh a mm.
A QUANG
Pit
Land
Bng bicarbonat ph phim nhm
phn x.
Ghi bng cch p khun hay dng tia
laser cng cao khc thnh cc
vng lm (pit).
c bng tn hiu phn x t mt
ngun laser. Khi gp vng lm tn hiu
s khng thu c, khi gp vng ni
(land) s thu c tn hiu.
a quang c dung lng rt cao v
r tin
B NH FLASH
B nh dng cng ngh bn
dn kiu flash. Giao tip qua
cng USB hay cc thit b c
c thit k khe cm th.
u im rt nh gn, tin dng
v r tin
Nhc im dung lng cha
tht ln. Ti u nm 2006
c th dung lng ti 16 GB.
Dung lng ang tip tc c
ci thin
6. THIT B VO
Con chut (mouse)
Bn phm (keyboard)
My qut (scanner)
THIT B VO BN PHM
Phm ch, phm s v cc du
Phm son tho nh iu khin con tr mn hnh son
tho, lt trang, xo pha trc hoc pha sau con tr
Bn phm c cc phm iu khin nh lp ch ch
thng ch hoa, lp ch ch s hay phm son tho,
phm thot Esc v phm ghi nhn Enter
Bn phm c cc phm chc nng F1, F2... m chc
nng ca n c xc nh trong cc ng dng c th
CHUT (MOUSE)
Chut dng chuyn mt dch chuyn c hc thnh tn hiu in
a vo my tnh iu khin mt im gi l con tr (cursor) trn
mn hnh.
Vi chut c, khi di chuyn bi b quay trn v truyn chuyn ng
sang hai trc khc, mt trc xoay theo dch chuyn theo chiu ng
v mt trc theo chiu ngang. Nh mt c ch bin chuyn ng ca
trc thnh cc xung in chuyn cho my tnh di chuyn con tr.
Chut quang chp nh b mt pha di v so hai nh lin tip
pht hin hng v di dch chuyn. Chut quang nhy hn v
b nh hng bi bi bn hn chut c
MY QUT (SCANNER)
My qut dng c mt nh a vo
my tnh.
Mt s c tnh ca my qut
phn gii o bng dpi ; dot per inch,
s im nh trn mt inch
su mu: mc tinh t ca mu o
bng s bt m ho mt im mu
Tc qut (thi gian qut cho trang
nh mt phn gii nht nh)
Ch np giy (tng t hay hng lot)
B C M VCH (BAR CODE READER)
M vch c s
dng ph bin trn
nhn hng ho, th
c th c bng
my
M vch cng c
dng trong cc th c
nhn im danh
chm cng hay xc
nhn ngi khi mn
sch th vin
B C TH (CARD READER)
Th t dng mt vch ph t
tnh v c v ghi bng cc u
t
Th thng minh c cha chip
ghi v c thng tin trong th.
Th c bng tip xc trc tip
Gn y c th c bng sng
radio RFID (radio frequency
identification). Trong mi th c
mt anten v mt chp. My c
pht sng radio, th nhn sng
v s dng nng lng cm ng
pht t my c gi tr li
d liu.
Hin nay th c s dng
rt rng ri v s tin li v
r tin

Th t v b
c th t
Th thng
minh gn
chip nh
Th RFID c chip
thu pht v nh
d liu, giao tip
vi my c nh
nng lng cm
ng thu c t
my c
7. THIT B RA : MN HNH CRT
c tnh ca mn hinh
phn gii
su mu
Chu k lm ti
Ch tit kim nng lng
Dng sng bn in t tng t nh mn hnh TV mu
Ch v hnh v c to t nhng im nh gi l pixel (picture
element)
C mt b phn iu khin vic hin th c th tch hp trong
bn mch ch ca my tnh (main board) hoc bn mch ho
c lp (graphic card)
MN HNH TINH TH LNG LCD
S dng cc diodetinh th
lng (Liquid Crystal Diode) c
th pht sng khi c t
vo mt in p, Cc diode
ny c xp thnh ma trn
v c kch hot c lp
lm thnh mt li lc mu.
nh sng t nn c chiu
ln to thnh nh ngi
dng c th nhn c.
nh v ch c to t cc
im nh
MY CHIU (PROJECTOR)
LCD projector s dng mt ma
trn cc diod tinh th lng
to mu trn tng pixel. Sau
dng mt ngun sng cc
mnh pha sau chiu ton
b ln mt mn nh ln
DLP (Digital Lighting Processpor)
projector th dng cng ngh vi gung
(micro mirror) rt tinh xo. Vi gng l
mt linh kin quang bn dn cha hng
triu gng nh xu c th iu khin
c. nh sng t mt ngun sng c
chiu qua mt b lc mu phn x qua
mt vi gng chiu ln mn hnh
MY IN
My in dng: (Iine
printer)
My in kim (matrix
printer hay dot printer)
My in laser (laser
printer)
My in phun (ink jet
printer)
MY IN KIM
u in ca my l mt hng kim, cc
kim ch c th p vo bng mc in
ra mt chm trn giy .
Cc ch hay nh u do cc chm to
thnh nn gi l dot printer hay matrix
printer
Cht lng in thp. Tc chm
Tuy nhin in cc ti liu nhiu lin
(ho n) th khng c my in no
thay th c.
MY IN LASER
My dng cng ngh laser to
nh cn in trn mt trng tnh in.
Mt gng lc lng xoay trn
qut tia laser theo ng sinh ca
trng, cn trng th quay. Tia laser
s to nn mt bc nh tnh in
(theo n p ca cc im trn
trng). Mc in s bm vo trng
theo hnh nh tnh inv c
lm nng chy dnh vo giy
My in laser cho cht lng in rt
cao, tc tho ng v kh kinh
t. My in laser c s dng rt
rng ri
MY IN PHUN (JET INK PRINTER)
My to tng im nh bng
cch phun nhng tia mc v
cng nh nh nhng my bm
mc rt tinh xo
Hai cng ngh thng c s
dng l dng tinh th p in
(mt loi vt liu khi t mt
in p vo hai mt th vt liu
ny s b co hay gin. Mt cng
ngh khc l t nng u in
mc t ngt sinh ra bong
bng mc. Khi bong bng v s
bn ra tia mc qua u in.
My in phun thng dng in nh
cht lng cao nhng mc t
tin.
CC CNG GIAO TIP
Cng cm bn phm
Cng 1394 dng
cm cc thit b video
Cng cm chut
Cng song song dng
cho my in
Cng cho mn hnh
Cc cng audio
(tai nghe, ghi m)
4 cng USB vi u
cm tiu chun
Cng u ra cho video
Cng cp quang cho
thit b m thanh
Cng RJ45 cm
dy mng
Cng USB vi loi
u cm nh
CARD M RNG
Socket
Card
Mt s card thng dng
Network Card
Video Card
Sound Card
TV Card
Modem Card
GPS Card
Mt cch m rng ngoi vi l cc
bn mch m rng (extention
card). Trong my tnh thng c
sn nhng khe cm (slot) cc bn
mch ny
PHN CNG

Phn mm chng trnh my tnh
Phn mm
Phn mm h thng Phn mm ng dng
Word
Excel

Picachu
Yahoo
Messenger
H iu hnh
(DOS,Windows, Linux)
BIOS
Driver
Assembler

PHN MM
Phn loi my tnh:

Siu my tnh (supercomputer)
My tnh ln (mainframe)
My tnh tm trung (mini computer)
Trm lm vic (Workstation)
My tnh c nhn (Personal Computer)
8. Nguyn l lm vic ca my tnh
1
Nguyn
L
iu
khin
Bng
Chng
Trinh

My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh. Ti
mi thi im MT ch thc hin mt lnh.
Thng tin v mt lnh gm:
a ch ca lnh trong b nh
M ca thao tc cn thc hin
a ch cc nh lin quan

8. Nguyn l lm vic ca my tnh
2
Nguyn
L
Lu
Tr
Chng
Trinh

Lnh c a vo my tnh
di dng m nh phn
lu tr, x l, nh nhng d
liu khc.

8. Nguyn l lm vic ca my tnh
3
Nguyn
L
Truy
Cp
Theo
a
ch


Vic truy cp d liu trong MT c
thc hin thng qua a ch ni lu tr
d liu .
Khi x l d liu, MT x l ng thi
mt dy bt ch khng x l tng bt
Dy bt nh vy gi l t my. T my
c th l 8,16,32, 64 bt
Cc b phn ca my ni vi nhau bi
cc dy dn goi l cc tuyn BUS


8. Nguyn l lm vic ca my tnh
3

Nguyn
L
Truy
Cp
Theo
a
ch

1

Nguyn
L
iu
khin
Bng
Chng
Trinh

2

Nguyn
L
Lu
Tr
Chng
Trinh

NGUYN L PHN NI-MAN

M ha nh phn, iu khin bng chng trnh
Lu tr chng trnh v truy cp d liu theo a ch
HT BI 3. HI V P

HT
Chc
Cc
Bn
Thnh
Cng

C nhiu kh nng u vit v rt mnh, thng dng
cho cc trung tm nghin cu v v kh, thin vn hc.
Siu my tnh (supercomputer)
Tc x l rt nhanh, b nh ln, thng dng
cho cc t chc thng mi, khoa hc.
My tnh ln (mainframe)
My tnh tm trung (mini computer)
Dng trong cc trng i hc ln, cng ty c nhu cu x
l x l d liu mc cao.
Trm lm vic (Workstation)
-Thuc loi my vi tnh (microcomputer) nhng nng
lc x l kh mnh, thng dng cho cc cng vic
khoa hc k thut, c bit l thit k.
My tnh c nhn (Personal
Computer)
a dng v chng loi, ph hp vi hot ng c nhn.