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08-03-2007, 07:21 AM
Nhn Hung va mi sang Hoa Ky c tng Mt Gi mt b CHUYN NG - CHUYN TY ca (Hu Thin/An
Chi/V Thin Hoa) c mt mnh khng sung nn post t t ln y cho mi ngui cng c coi nhu chung
vui mn qu Tt ca Hung (Ch xi c khc. Chu o gh, c qu cho mem nuc ngoi. Chc phi thnh lp
phn hi Nam Cali qu). Cng xin cm on ban cayphong goi cho ch ny.
08-03-2007, 07:24 AM
[ nghi ghi r Ngun: www.thuvien-ebook.com (http://www.thuvien-ebook/) nu ban chia s ni dung nhng
bi ny]
1- (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)
Sa Tng c cng bo v ung Tam Tang i thnh kinh, cui cng c ao v tr thnh Kim thn La Hn. V c
g m thnh thong vn nghe ngui ta chi l " qu SaTng?
AN CHI: y l hai Sa Tng khc nhau. Sa Tng trong ting chi l Sa Tng bn Cha Jesus, cn SaTng m
ban ni n l Sa Tng bn Pht Thch Ca. Sa Tng bn ao Thin Cha l trm ca loi qu, thung uoc ni
n trong Tn Uc ca Kinh Thnh, chnghan: "Ngi noi ng vng chiu qu Satan cm d bn muoi ngy,
chung vi th rng, v c thin-s hu vic Ngi" (Mc, 1:3). Satan y chnh l tn con qu m ngui ta vn
pht m thnh "Sa Tng". Vy xin phn bit r ko oan cho Sa Ng Tinh trong Ty du k.
08-03-2007, 07:31 AM
2- (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)
Mui hai bn nuc trong "phn gi 12 bn nuc" l g? C phi chng l 12 cuong vi trong x hi xua ca ta v
Trung Quc nhu: Cao l cng, hu khanh, tung; trung l s, nng, cng, thuong; v thp l ngu, tiu, canh,
mc? cn trong v c c phi l thanh khit, trong sach v nho bn, tham hay khng?
AN CHI: Nhiu ngui vn quan nim mui hai bn nuc ng nhu ng nu. Chng ti khng tin cch gii
thch trn m cho rng Hunh-tinh Paulus Ca ging c l hon:
"Con gi mui hai bn nuc: Thn con gi nhu chic , hoc gp bn trong, hoc mc bn c, hoc ua ngui
tt, hoc ua ngui xu, may th nh, ri th chiu. Ting ni mui hai bn nuc l ni cho vn".
(ai Nam quc m t vi, tp I, Si Gn, 1895. . ch bn, tr. 4-7).
iu m tc gi ging rng "Ting ni mui hai bn nuc l ni cho vn" th chng ti lai quan nim l do t
nguyn dn gian m ra. i vi thnh ng ang xt r rng l hai ting trong, c phi uoc hiu rng hon cch
hiu m ng nu.
08-03-2007, 08:02 AM
3. (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)
ng sn c phi mun ni ng cung thi t? Du Nam ging c phi mun ni tch trn ni Nam Ging
(nng Ging Tin) hay khng?
AN CHI: Truc ht xin ni rng y l r ng sng, du Nam gin ch khng phi l "ng sn" v Nam
ging". Sng l giung: vy ng sng l giung pha ng. Gin l khe ni: vy Nam gin l khe ni pha
Nam. V r ng sng bt ngun tch ng sng thn phc, ngha l nm thng bng trn giung pha ng.
Chuyn rng nh Vuong ao c nhiu con trai chua vo nn Hy Gim mi cho ngui sang kn chng cho
con gi. m con trai nh h Vuong bit th nn anh no cng lng xng tm cch lm cho khch . Ch c
Vuong Hy Chi l nm khnh trn giuong pha ng, coi nhu khng c chuyn g xy ra. Nghe ngui nh thut
lai, Hy Gim bit Hy Chi t l r qu, bn chn ngy lnh thng tt m g con gi cho. Qu Vuong Hy Chi l thu
gia (caligrapher) ni ting; ngy nay h ni n thu php (calligraphie) Trung Hoa th phi nhc n Vuong Hy
Chi. Vy r ng sng khng lin quan g n ng Cung thi t.
Cn v du Nam gin th bt ngun t li ca mt bi trong Kinh Thi ca Trung Hoa: Vu d th tn, Nam gin chi
tn ngha l i hi rau tn bn khe ni pha Nam. Ch s tn to ca ngui con gi. Du Nam gin l con du
chiu thuong chiu kh. Vy Nam gin khng lin quan g n Ging Huong ca T Thc hoc Ging Kiu ca T
Uyn c. Truyn Lc Vn Tin c cu:
em p ha hai:
Ny du Nam gin, n trai ng sng.
Nathun!
08-03-2007, 03:5 PM
Natphung ngung m Hu Thin - An Chi t lu lm ri, v ngay t lc ban u khi Hu Thin xut hin trn
Kin Thc Ngy Nay trong mc Chuyn ng ChuynTy, Natphung ny suu tm uoc tt c KTNN t cun
u tin cho n khong cun 300 my. Sau v l do c nhn nn lm mt ht. S d hng tun mong ch
mua KTNN cng ch l c Hu Thin m thi.
Nay nh Goldish mi bit uoc Hu Thin v An Chi l mt ngui. Tuy rng lc truc cng hoi ng ngo.
Vit n y lai chot nh n cu " Thiu gi an chi, lo gi hoi", lm hoi bi ngi mt cht, mi y m
mui my nm ri ...
Nay uoc bit c cun Chuyn ng ChuynTy ca An Chi v c nh post ln TVE cho cc ban cng thung
thc, Natphung ny cm kch v cng, nhung c k lai th thy ch post ln t t, lai m ra gin ... Ni choi
thi, ch Natphung cng mong ch ngy lm thnh ebook c th c mt mach t u n cui. Cm on
truc.
08-03-2007, 04:27 PM
Nay uoc bit c cun Chuyn ng ChuynTy ca An Chi v c nh post ln TVE cho cc ban cng thung
thc, Natphung ny cm kch v cng, nhung c k lai th thy ch post ln t t, lai m ra gin ... Ni choi
thi, ch Natphung cng mong ch ngy lm thnh ebook c th c mt mach t u n cui. Cm on
truc.
H h. "ung v xa lm ngui oi".
Nhn b Chuyn ng ChuynTy 1 chng cun dy nhu b "C Gi Long" th chc ngy lm ebook cn xa
lm. NatPhung chiu kh c t t vy. Nu ch khng uoc th hm no ung c ph photocopy cho vi quyn.
inh bng va post va c c uoc lu mt cht, v nh uoc lu hon thm mt cht...
"a#$hon!
08-03-2007, 05:01 PM
Tri Nhanh tay qu anh , hc lm mnh mt mi ri >" Nhung khng sao, anh c post i, cayphong post ph
vi
08-03-2007, 11:33 PM
4. (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)
Nh Ng (939-95) tuy c bi Duong Tam Kh cup ngi nhung Ng Quyn cng xung vuong, ng
CLoa; sau Ng uong Ngp v Ng uong Vn cng uoc sgi l Hu Ng vuong. V l do g m ca
ming dn gian lunlun ni: "inh, L, L, Trn, L, Nguyn m khng nhc nnh Ng"? Phi chng do bi
hich ca c Nguyn Tri?
AN CHI: ban cho rng do nh hung ca Nguyn Tri trong bi Bnh Ng ai co (khng nhc n nh Ng)
nn ngui ta vn c thi quen ni "inh,L, L, Trn " thi m khng nhc n nh Ng mc d nh Ng c
truc nh inh. Qu l ngui ta c thi quen da vo Bnh Ng ai co m ni nhu th tht, nhung y ch l
da vo bn dich ca Bi K uoc Trn Trng Kim s dng trong Vit Nam s luoc ch khng phi da vo
nguyn vn ca Nguyn Tri. Bi K dich: "T inh, L, L, Trn gy nn c lp; cng Hn, ung, Tng,
Nguyn hng c mt phuong". Nhung chnh Nguyn Tri th lai vit: "T Triu, inh,L, Trn chi triu tao ng
quc; d Hn, ung, Tng,Nguyn nhi cc nht phuong" ngha l "T khi (cc triu ai) Triu, inh, L,
Trn bt u dng nn nuc ta (th chng ta) cng vi (cc triu) Hn, ung, Tng, Nguyn mi bn mi lm
ch mt phuong (ring ca u Lac ca Thc Phn bi Triu gm thu vo nuc Nam Vit nn ngui xua vn
quan nim rng Triu l vua ca nuc ta. Bng chng l n th Triu vn cn tn tai mi cho n ngy
nay tai ng Sm, x Hng Thi, huyn Kin uong, tnh Thi Bnh.
Vy Nguyn Tri khng vit "inh, L, L, Trn" m vit "Triu, inh, L, Trn". Nh Triu uoc quan nim
nhu triu ai u tin ca Vit Nam xung , ngang hng v ng thi vi nh Hn bn Trung Hoa do Hn
Cao t Luu Bang khai sng nm 20 truc Cng nguyn. Cn nh Trn, triu ai lin truc nh L (nh H th bi
xem l ngy triu) ca Vit Nam, l triu ai ng thi vi nh Nguyn, triu ai lin truc nh Minh ca Trung
Hoa. Chnh v th m Nguyn Tri mi t nh Triu u v nh Trn cui ca v "Triu,inh, L, Trn" m
i vi v "Hn, ung, Tng, Nguyn" trong Triu i vi Hn cn Trn i vi Nguyn.
Th l Nguyn Tri khng nhng khng ni n nh Ng ca Ng Quyn m cng khng ni n nh L ca L
ai Hnh tc L Hon. Ta khng nn i hiNguyn Tri phi ni cho y v y ng khng vit s k m
ch lm vn hng bin tuyn co v mt thng loi v ai ca dn tc i vi qun xm luoc nh Minh. Nu bt
b v thiu st, th t nh Hn n nh ung, ng cn "b qun" cc nh sau y na: Ngy, Thc, Ng (thi
Tam quc); Ty Tn, ng Tn, Tng, T, Luong, Trn, Bc Ngy, Ty Ngy v ng Ngy, Bc T, Bc Chu
(thi Nam Bc triu); Tng vTy. Tng cng n 1 nh, u phi l t.
Ghi ch ca :
Bnh ng ai co nguyn bn Hn vn, m Hn-Vit, cng 2 bn dich ca Ng Tt T v Bi K xem y
(http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/orums/showthread.php?p28393post28393)
08-03-2007, 11:40 PM
5. (KTNN 58, ngy 15-11-1992)
C ngui ni rng ngui Php ly con g trng lm vt t cho dn tc mnh. in cho bit tai sao?
AN CHI: Truc ht, xin ci chnh rng con g trng khng phi l vt t (totem) ca dn tc Php.Th n,
ngui ta cng khng ni con g trng m phi ni y l con g trng G-loa (con gaulois). V con g trng
G-loa l mt biu tuong (emblme) - ch khng phi "vt t" - ca dn tc Php. Vt t v biu tuong l hai
khi nim khc nhau. Vic ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tuong c bao hm mt s choi ch nhi trong .
T tin ca ngui Php l ngui G-loa(Gauiois). Ngui G-loa, ting La Tinh gi l Gallus. Danh t Gallus trong
ting La Tinh lai c mt t ng m tuyt i l gallus, c ngha l con g trng. Th l ci v ng m gallus ca
ting La Tinh va biu hin khi nim "ngui G-loa" lai va biu hin khi nim con g trng". Vy c theo
ngn ng ny, ngui ta c th choi ch bng ng thc:
Ngui G-loa (Gallus) con g trng (gallus).
l l do tai sao ngui Php lai ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tuong ca dn tc mnh. Nu ta bit rng
ting Php hin ai l do ting La Tinh thng tc (latin populaire) m ra th ta cng s khng ly lm la tai sao
ngui Php lai cn c vo ting La Tinh chn biu tuong cho dn tc mnh nhu th.
Ghi ch ca :
Ngy nay c my ai bit vt t ca nuc mnh l g? biu tuong ca nuc mnh l g?
Ngay c Vit Nam, th hi t hc sinh cp hai n ... cp bn, c nhng vi c vn bng Tin S, Lut Su,... cu
hi trn, c l chng ta s c nhiu cu tr li ... cui ra nuc mt.
Theo cc ban :
Vt t ca Vit Nam l:
1. Con ng.
2. Con ng v ... b Tin.
3. Thn Kim Quy.
3. Chim bng (ai bng) vt t ca u Vit.
4. Thung lung (c su) vt t ca Lac Vit.
5. kin khc.
Biu tuong ca Vit Nam l:
1. Cy tre.
2. Cy la.
3. Trng ng.
4. Hoa sen.
5. Bn Vit Nam hnh ch S.
. Quc ky.
7. kin khc.
10-03-2007, 0:22 AM
- (KTNN 9, ngy 15-11-1992)
Hoa Ky hin nay c bao nhiu tiu bang? Tn ca cc tiu bang ?
AN CHI:
Hoa Ky c 50 bang:
1. Alabama, 2.Alaska, 3. Ariona, 4. Arkansas, 5. Caliornia, .Colorado, 7. Connecticut, 8. Delaware, 9. loria,
10.Georgia, 1l. Hawaii, 12. Idaho, 13. Illinois, 14. Indiana, 15. Iowa, 1. Kansas, 17. Kentucky, 18. Louisiana,
19.Maine, 20. Maryland, 21. Massachusetts, 22. Michigan, 23. Minnesota, 24. Mississippi, 25. Missouri, 2.
Montana, 27. Nebraska, 28. Nevaa, 29. New Hampshire, 30. New Jersey, 31. New Mexico, 32. NewYork (ch :
thuc bang ny c thnh ph cng tn NewYork, truc vn phin bng m Hn Vit l Nu uc.Nhung th ph
ca bang New York lai l Albany), 33.North Carolina, 34. North Dakota, 35. Ohio, 3. Oklahoma, 37. Oregon,
38. Pennsylvania, 39. hode Island, 40. South Carol1na, 41. South Dakota, 42.Tennessee, 43. Texas, 44. Utah,
45. Vermont, 4.Virginia, 47. ashington, 48. est Virginia, 49.isconsin, 50. yoming.
Vng Alaska, nm pha TyBc ca Hoa Ky, l t m nuc Nga Sa hong nhuong cho Hoa Ky t nm 187,
tr thnh bang th 49 canuc ny t nm 1958. Qun o Hawaii (tn c lSandwich), th ph l Honolulu, l
lnh th ca Hoa Ky t nm 1898, tr thnh bang th 50 ca nuc ny cng t nm 1958.
10-03-2007, 0:23 AM
7- (KTNN 9, ngy 15-11-1992)
Tai sao lai gi nhng ngui bn nam bn n (lai ci) l "p-.
AN CHI: Ci tn p- dng ch nhng ngui bn nam bn n l kt qu ca mt li hiu sai lch nay tr
thnh thng dng. l do ting Php pd, dang tt ca pdraste. y l mt danh t gm hai t cn gc Hy
Lap: pd- (paidos tr con) v -raste(erasts si m). Vy pdraste l ngui si m tr con. Cn ci
ngha ch thc ca t ny l: k n ng hnh dm vo hu mn ca mt b trai. Ngha ny cho ra ngha
rng thng dng hin nay l: k loan dm hu mn. Vy pd trong ting Php khng h c ngha l "lai ci".
Ghi ch ca :
Trong ting Anh th ch lai ci c 2 ch: gay dng ch n ng v lesbian dng ch n b.
10-03-2007, 0:24 AM
8- (KTNN 9, ngy 15-11-1992)
Mt ng ban ca ti c thc mc khng bit tai sao thu tich xua (bng ch Hn) khng u c ni n tn
Hng H m ch ghi c tn Nhi H. in tm gip xem sch xua c ghi tn Hng H l nhng sch no?
AN CHI: in thua, s d sch xua khng c tn Hng H v y l mt ci tn rt mi do chnh ngui Vit chng
ta dich t ting Php, gi nm na hon mt cht l sng Hng. Sng Hng c c im ni bt l nuc ca n v
ma l th rt , nn ngui Php da vo m gi n l leuve ouge (sng ). Cng cng mt cch t tn
nhu th h gi sng l rivire Noire (sng en) cn sng L th lai l rivire Claire (sng Trong). H cng
dich tn sng Hong H ca Trung Hoa sang ting Php l leuve Jaune (sng Vng) ri lai da theo cch din
ny m dich tn con song Duong T (Duong T Giang) thnh leuve Bleu (sng anh) mc d h cng c
mt tn phin m t Duong T Giang thnh Yang-tseu-kiang (truc thungvit l Yang-ts-kiang). Vy Hng H
hay sng Hng ch l nhng "bn dich" sang ting Vit ca ting Php leuve ouge m thi. in phn bit vi
Hng Giang, mt chi luu xua ca sng Hng, chy qua tnh Hi Duong.
Ghi ch ca :
(Sao lc t wikipedia)
Sng Hng cn c cc tn gi khc nhu Hng H (Ting Hoa (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/TiE1BA
BngHoa): Honghe), hay sng Ci (ngui Php phin tn gi ny thnh Song-Ko). oan chy trn
lnh th Trung Quc (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrungQuE1BB91c) uoc gi l Nguyn Giang (,
pinyin (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin) yuan2 iang1), oan u ngun c tn l L Giang (). oan
t Lo Cai n Vit Tr gi l Sng Thao, oan qua H Ni cn gi l Nh H hoc Nhi H.
Sng Hng bt ngun t dy Ngy Son, tnh Vn Nam (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC3A2nNam), Trung
Quc cao 1.77 m (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC3A9t). Ch yu n chy theo hung ty bc-ng
nam, qua huyn t tri (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleHuyE1BB87ntE1BBB1tr
E1BB 8BTrungQuE1BB91c&actionedit) Nguyn Giang (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
titleHuyE1BB87ntE1BBB1trE1BB 8BNguyC3AAnGiang&actionedit) ca ngui Thi
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NgCB0E1BB9DiThC3A1i) ( Di), Di
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NgCB0E1BB9DiDi) (), Cp N (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng
CB0E1BB9DiCC3A1pNC3AA) ( Hani, Vit Nam gi l ngui H Nh
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NgCB0E1BB9DiHC3A0NhC3AC)) truc khi sang Vit Nam
thi trn H Khu (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC3A0KhE1BAA9u) (Trung Quc), gip gii vi thnh
ph Lo Cai (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LC3A0oCai) ca Vit Nam, ri chy qua pha ng th H Ni
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC3A0NE1BB99i) truc khi ra bin ng
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiE1BB83nC490C3B4ng) ca Ba Lat (ranh gii gia hai tnh Thi
Bnh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThC3A1iBC3ACnh) v Nam inh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam
C490E1BB8Bnh)). ng bng sng Hng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C490E1BB93ngb
E1BAB1ngsC3B4ngHE1BB9 3ng) nm trn luu vc con sng ny. Cc sng nhnh chnh ca
sng Hng c th k n l sng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngC490C3A0), sng L
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngLC3B4) (vi ph luu l sng Chy
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngChE1BAA3y&actionedit) v sng Gm
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngGC3A2m&actionedit)). Sng Hng c phn luu
pha t ngan (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleTE1BAA3ngE1BAA1n&actionedit) l sng
ung (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngC490uE1BB91ng)Hi Duong
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HE1BAA3iDCB0CA1ng) v sng Luc
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngLuE1BB99c) chy t Hung Yn (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H
CB0ngYC3AAn) n huyn Vnh Bo (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC4A9nhBE1BAA3o),
thnh ph Hi Phng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HE1BAA3iPhC3B2ng). Hai sng ny ni sng Hng
vi h thng sng Thi Bnh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngThC3A1iBC3ACnh). Phn luu
pha hu ngan (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleHE1BBAungE1BAA1n&actionedit) l
sng y (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngC490C3A1y&actionedit) v sng
i (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngC490C3A0i&actionedit) (cn gi l Lach
Giang), ni sng Hng v sng y l hai sng Ph L (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleS
C3B4ngPhE1BBA7LC3BD&actionedit) v sng Nam inh
(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngNamC490E1BB8Bnh&actionedit).
Trung Quc, cc sng nhu sng L Tin (tc sng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ng
C490C3A0)), sng ng iu (tc sng Nm Na (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleNE1BA
ADmNa&actionedit)), sng Bn Long (tc sng L (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC3B4ngLC3B4))
v sng Ph Mai (tc sng Nho Qu (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleSC3B4ngNhoQuE1BA
B&actionedit)) cng mt s sng nh khc nhu sng M Phc (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleS
C3B4ngME1BB85PhC3BAc&actionedit), sng Nam Kh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
titleSC3B4ngNamKhC3AA&actionedit) chy qua bin gii hai nuc vo Vit Nam.
Hnh ca Nasa v h thng sng Hng
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/3/34/SongHong.pg
10-03-2007, 0:2 AM
9. (KTNN 97, ngy 01-12-1992)
Tai sao t tp 1 n tp 5, i truyn hnh Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng gi lun b phim di ca Mexico bng
ci tn "Ngui giu cng khc" m gi l "Nuc mt ngui giu sau lai phi thay i tn gi t tp tr
i? Hai cch gi c g khc nhau khng?
AN CHI: Tn gc ca b phim ny ng ra l Ngui giu cng khc. Tn phim bng ting Ty Ban Nha (Ngui
Mexico ni ting Ty Ban Nha) l Los ricostambien lloran. S d 5 tp u ca b phim uoc gi l Nuc mt
ngui giu c l v theo bn dich ca o Minh Hip, ngui dich li phim (t ting Nga) cho i truyn
hnh Ph Yn (. Tui tr ch nht, s 40-92, tr.17). Hai cch gi trn y c khc nhau hay khng? Sau y l
li ca o Minh Hip: "Qu tht ti phi suy ngh rt lu truc khi quyt inh dich l Nuc mt ngui giu
m vn bo m chuyn ti uoc ngha chnh xc ca tn phim (...), ng thi nghe hay hon(.) Ti ngh
khng c g khc nhau gia hai tn phim (Tui tr ch nht, s 40-92). S tht th qu l c khc nhau. Nuc
mt nguigiu l mt cu trc phi vi ng tnh (non-prdicativ) cn Ngui giu cng khc th l mt cu. Hai
cu trc khc nhau n nhu th th khng th ni rng hm ngha ca chng hon ton nhu nhau uoc. Nu
cn th cc tc gi ni Las Ingrimas de los ricos (Nuc mt ngui giu) ri. Nhung h lai ni Los ricos
tambien lloran. Vy tung c nn dich thnh Ngui giu cng khc cho st vi nguyn vn.
10-03-2007, 0:28 AM
10 (KTNN 97, ngy 01-12-1992)
Tai sao Colomb c cng tm ra chu M m tn ng lai khng uoc dng gi chu ny? Tn nuc Colombia
clin quan g n tn ca Colomb hay khng?
AN CHI: Chnh Christophe Colomb gi chu M l Ty n (Indes occidentales) v nhm tung rng
l nuc n . Do cch t tn ny ca Colomb m th dn da chu M uoc gi l Indien (ting Php),
Indian (ting Anh), ngha l ngui n . Saukhi bit r s tht, ngui ta mi dn dn gi chu M bng ci tn
Amerique (ting Php), America (ting Anh) nhu hin nay. ng l trong tn nuc Colombia c tn ca Colomb.
ng n min t ny nm 1502 nhung truc th Alonso de Hoeda pht hin ra n t 1499. Sau khi
hon thnh vic chinh phc t ny vo nm 1539 th Gonalo Jimne de Quesada gi n l Nueva
Granada; mi v sau n mi uoc gi l Colombia.
%inh&nho"
13-03-2007, 02:39 PM
Cm on khng thy chua nn phi vit mt li ng vin cho ngui vit: C gng ln bc , em ang ch cu
chuyn sau y.:smile:
14-03-2007, 07:54 AM
11. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)
Tam tc trong "tru di tam tc" l nhng tc no?
AN CHI: Hai ting tam tc c t nht l bn cch hiu m T nguyn (mt b t in ting Hn ra mt nm
1915) cho nhu sau:
1. Cha m, anh em, vo con l tam tc (Ph mu, huynh , th t vi tam tc).
2. H cha, h m, h vo l tam tc (Ph tc, mu tc, th tc vi tam tc).
3. Cha, con, chu ( con ca con) l tam tc (Ph, t, tn vi tam tc).
4. Anh em ca cha, anh em ca mnh, anh em ca con l tam tc (Ph cn , k cn , t cn vi tam tc).
V c nhiu cch hiu nhu trn cho nn ngay v n Nguyn Tri cch y 555 nm (1442) cng uoc ngui thi
nay hiu khc nhau. Cao Huy Gi dich ai Vit s k ton thu vit nhu sau:"Ngy 1 (thng 8 nm Nhm
Tut - AC), git hnh khin Nguyn Tri v vo l l Nguyn Thi L, git n ba i" (t.III, H Ni, 1972, ti.131).
Ba i uong nhin ch c th l i cha, i con v i chu (ng vi ngha 3 ca T nguyn) m thi. Nhung
Phan Huy L th laivit: "(.) Nguyn Tri bi ghen ght gim pha, c ln bi ha ngc v cui cng bi tru di ba h"
(K nim 00 nm sinh Nguyn Tri (tp k yu), H Ni, 1982, tr.75). Ba h, theo cch hiu thng thung l
h cha, h m v h vo (ng vi ngha 2 ca T nguyn), uong nhin phi nhiu v nng hon ba i v ba i
ch thuc c mt h m thi.
14-03-2007, 07:57 AM
12- (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)
Tai sao lai ni "rut au chn chiu'? l nhng chiu no, hung no? Hay l chn bui chiu?
AN CHI: Ch chiu y chnh l ch m Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca vit chu v ging l "ch ut khc, vay v",
(ai Nam quc m t vi, tp I, Si Gn, 1895,tr. 145). y chnh l ci ngha gc cho ra ngha thng dng
hin ai ca chiu trong chiu hung, ung mt chiu, v.v. ut au chn chiu l dich ca my ting Hn
cu hi trung ngha l "chn (ln) qun rut". Gin Vn nh Luong c vit: "Bi dao da h, cu hi trung"
(m bun di dc h, chn ln rut qun). Tu M Thin cng vit: "Trung nht nht nhi cu hi" (Mt ngy
m rut qun chn ln). Ci nt ngha "ut khc, vay v" ca t chu, m Hunh-tinh Paulus Ca ghi, rt n
khp vi ci ngha ca ting hi l "quanh", l "qun". Vy chn chiu l "bn dich" rt st ca cu hi (cu
chn, hi chiu, ngha l qun) nhung do cu trc ca n v mt thun ty hnh thc rt ging vi cu trc
ca "(ung) mt chiu hoc" (mt sm) mt chiu nn mi dn n hai cch hiu nhm uoc ghi nhn
trong cu hi. Cui cng, cng phi nhc lai rng nu theo ng chnh t hin nay th ch chu ca Hunh-tinh
Paulus Ca phi uoc vit l chiu (Nhng ch chiu trong chiu theo, chiu lng, trm chiu, v.v. u uoc ng
nht loat vit thnh chu).
14-03-2007, 02:31 PM
13. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)
Tai sao c ngui lai cho rng cu "Mi dai li phi chiu n" ng ra phi l "Mi vay li phi chiu n"?
AN CHI: Hnh thc gc v ng l Mi vay li phi chiu n. Cu tc ng ny bt ngun t c im ca ngh
ghe thuyn. Mi vay l mi lch, mi khng i ng hung cn thit, c th do nuc xoy hoc nuc xit. Trong
iu kin ny ngui cm li uong nhin phi vt v v phi vng tay v anh ta l ngui chiu n. Chiu n
ngon lnh th thuyn s ngon lnh vuot qua dng nuc xit hoc con nuc xoy. Chiu n km ci th thuyn s
chng chnh, thm ch c th bi lt. Vy chiu n l g? L dng sc ca mnh m gh cy n li cho vng,
khng cho ci bnh li bi dng nuc lm chao o, qut quo gy nguy him cho con thuyn. Cu tc ng
mun ni n vai tr v trchnhim ca ngui ch huy trong tnh th kh khn, nguy him. T nguyn dn gian
bin n thnh "Mi dai li phi chiu n" ua n cch hiu hin nay rng dai l t tri ngha vi khn cn
chiu n l bi nh bng roi vt. Tuy nhin, ci ngha v von ca cu ny th lai khng khc lm so vi ci ngha
ca cu gc.
15-03-2007, 04:41 AM
14. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)
Trong cu "u cua tai nheo" th "tai nheo" l g? c cu l g?
AN CHI: T in ting Vit do Vn Tn ch bin ging cu nhu sau: "Ch nhng chuyn chp nht, khng u
vo u. Tai l mt t Vit gc Hn c theo m Hn Vit, c ngha l (ci) mang c. y l mt t c, xua vn
uoc dng vi tnh cch l mt t c lp, chng han nhu trong cu: "L cu c vc bn tai" (Ch nam ngc m
gii ngha, Trn un Ngc Lan phin m v ch gii, H Ni, 1985, tr.201 - Nh ch gii khng ging ch
tai trong cu ny). Khng bn n chuyn c tht con c vc c bn tai, ngha l bn mang, hay khng, y
chng ti ch mun dn chng v ci ngha m mnh nu. Ch tai, Hn t vit l , uoc Dictionnaire
classique de la langue chinoise ca .S. Couvreur ging l "ouiles de poisson" cn Mathews' Chinese-english
Dictionary cng ging l "the gills o a ish". Vy tai theo l mang c nheo. Mang c nheo m i vi u con cua
th r rng l chuyn chp v chng u vo u
Ghi ch ca :
Tai sao ba ch "u" "cua" v "nheo" l ting Vit lai c mt ch "tai" ting Hn chun v gia vy c? Nu ng
"tai nheo" l "mang con c nheo" th chc tc ng cng phi c cu "u cua mang nheo" ng tn tai vi cu
"u cua tai nheo" ch.
Chnh An Chi cng ni thung ngui ta trai t mt t kh sang mt t d ch khng ai lm nguoc lai. Nhung
"mang" m chuyn thnh "tai" xong ri th tiu ch "mang" lun th khng ging vi cch l lun ny.
15-03-2007, 09:08 PM
15- (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)
n c ph uoc mo hay khng? Nu khng, tai sao mt s noi min Bc lai c luu hnh cu"n ph 1.
mo"?
AN CHI: V chuyn "rn ph mo", trong Chn tri khoa hc (ca bo Khoa hc ph thng) thng11.1990, k
su Nguyn Quc Thng gii thch r rng nhu sau: "n thuc lp b st cn mo thuc lp ng vt c v,
hai lp ny rt xa nhau v mt tin ha. Theo nguyn tc ca sinh vt hc, 2 loi khc nhau ca cng mt ging
rt kh giao phi vi nhau hung h y rn v mo c cu tao co quan sinh dc hon ton khc nhau, s
luong nhim sc th trong t bo cng khc nhau, do khng inh chng khng th giao phivi nhau uoc"
(tr.5).
Tt nhin l c nhiu ngui qu quyt rng chnh mt h nhn thy rn ph mo. Nhung s tht th hoc l
h nhn g ha cuc hoc l iu ny c nhiu phn chc chn hon - h "tung tin vit mt cch v ti va
m thi. Cn "rn ph l. mo" ch l mt bin dang ca thnh ng dn ba l. mo, mt phn hn l cng c do
ngui ta vn bi m nh bi ci chuyn "rn ph mo". L. mo l ci u hi nh, tc l ci phn hnh tam gic
bn hng nh m nh l noi hai mi nh gip nhau. Ngy xua khi tho mc ct nh xong, h thung dn mt l
ba vo ci l. mo nh theo tn ngung, m c khi cng ch on gin l theo thi quen ngh nghip. Cu dn
ba l. mo bt ngun t thc t ny; v sau n bi t nguyn dn gian bp mo nn mi thnh rn ph l.
mo.
Ghi ch ca :
1. "Ln mo: u hi, gc gim hnh tam gic noi hai mi nh gip nhau: Dn ba ln mo." (Vuong Hng Sn).
Ch ny cn gi l "khu " trong phuong ng min bc.
2. em thm bi "Khu . v l. mo (http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/orums/showthread.php?
p27742post27742)" trong Phng c trc tuyn.
1-03-2007, 04:23 AM
1. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)
T "Bt t nin canh" c phi l t ng k kt hn ngy xua hay khng? C phi "bt t" c ngha l tm t
cn "nin canh" l c gi tri trong mt nm hay khng?
AN CHI: Ni cho ng c php ting Hn th l nin canh bt t, c ngha l tm ch thuc v tui tc. l
tm ch CAN CHI (th d: Mu T, K Su, Canh Dn, t Mi, v.v.) gm c hai ch ch gi, hai ch ch ngy,
hai ch ch thng v hai ch ch nm m mt con ngui ra i. T nin canh bt t l t ghi gi, ngy, thng
v nm sinh theo m lich ca chng trai hoc c gi trao cho nh gi hoc nh trai i coi thy xem tui hai
bn c hap nhau hay khng. H hap tui vi nhau th mi bn tnh n chuyn hn nhn chnh thc. Vy
khng phi l t ng k kt hn. V lai, chng c khi tnh chuyn hn nhn mi c khai nin canh bt t. Ch
cn i xem t vi bit chuyn bn mang th cng phi khai tm ch cho thy ri (khng c tm ch th
thy lm sao ln bng uoc).
1-03-2007, 11:58 PM
17. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)
Hai ting c l trong "du c l" xut x t u? C phi tn mt loai cy no khng?
AN CHI: C ngui lin h hai ting c l ny vi hai ting C L l tn m ngui xua mit dui dng
gi nuc Min in. S l truc y c mt loai du c l mang nhn hiu Mac Phsu, sn xut tai Min in,
uoc ng gi b c trong Nam ua chung. Ngui ta cho rng v th u ny uoc sn xut tai nuc C L
(Min in) nn n mi uoc gi l du c l (du sn xut tai nuc C L). Sau khi hai ting c l tr thnh
thng dng trong phuong ng Nam B th ng danh t du c l uoc dng rng ri ch tt c cc loai du
cao, bt k chng uoc sn xut tai nuc no, uong nhin l k c tai nuc Tu. Cn chnh ngui Tu th lai gi
du c l l van kim du (ting Qung ng: mn cm y du) bt ngun t nhn hiu ca mt th du c l l
hiu Van Kim. Hin chng ti chua tm uoc tn ca mt loai cy no gi l cy "c l".
18-03-2007, 12:55 AM
18. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)
Trong bi 'Hong hu Hiu Vn, lng C Trai v t Minh Linh" ng trn Ca Vit s 15, thng -1992, T Am
Nguyn Toai da vo thu tich ca Trung Quc khng inh rng Mac ng Dung khng phi l ngui Vit
m l ngui n t Trung Quc luu lac sang. in hi ngui ph trch mc"Chuyn ng chuyn Ty" ngh sao
v iu khng inh ny?
AN CHI: Ngui u tin pht hin ra rng Mac ng Dung thuc sc dn n Man l Trn Quc Vuong tai Hi
nghi khoa hc v Nguyn Bnh Khim t chc Hi Phng thng 2.1985. C liu ca ng l mt s iu ghi
chp trong Minh s. By nm sau, T Am NguynToai lai tip tc khng inh ging nhu Trn Quc Vuong. Ngoi
Minh s ra, ng cn nu tn sch ng Hon huyn ch ca Trn B o i Thanh. Chng ti cho rng chng
qua Trn B o cng ch vit theo Minh s m thi v rng nhng iu m sch ny chp v thnh phn
dn tc ca Mac ng Dung l hon ton khng th tin tung uoc.
Ch ring mt vic ngui ai Minh "bit qu r" v lai lich ca Mac ng Dung trong khi chnh ngui ai Vit th
lai hon ton m tit v iu , ch ring mtvic thi, cng l iu hon ton ng ng ri. Hung h ch
tuyn c v ch bo c quan chc ca nuc ta vo thi L tht cht ch v chu o, th lm sao mt tn
cha cng ch kit - nu qu ng ta l ngui n Man - nhu Mac ng Dung lai c th len li vo lm ch huy
s t nm 1508 ln ngi hong 19 nm sau ?
Theo truyn thuyt th Mac ng Dung xut than t ngh nh c - cn chng ti th cho rng by gi ng ta l
mt Khuong Thuong ch thi - nn Minh s mi da vo m ghi chp mt cch h rng ng l ngui n
Man, v n Man l mt sc dn chuyn sng luu ng trn ghe thuyn lm ngh nh c v c khi l c
ngh cup bin na. Hoc cng c th Minh s c ghi chp nhu th gin tip nhn nh mt cch trich
thuong rng mt tn n Man cng kh nng lm vua nuc ai Vit nhu thung. D th no mc lng,
chng ti cho rng ngui Vit Nam khng th t lng tin tuyt i ca mnh vo sch Tu uoc, nht l sch
Tu m lai vit v nhng vn lich s t nhica Vit Nam.
18-03-2007, 10:41 PM
19. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)
Ting Anh c t Christmas ch l Ging sinh, lai cn c c t Yule na. in cho bit xut x ca t ny.
AN CHI: Yule l hnh thi hin ai bt ngun t ting Anh trung ai yol, ting Anh c ai geol, vi bin th
geohhol. ng ngha v cng gc vi n hin nay l ting Thy in, ting Na Uy v ting an Mach ul m
ting Phn Lan lng ging muon v pht m thnh oulu. Theo Eric Partridge, hnh thi c ai geol bt ngun
t mt hnh thi tin thn l geol, mt kiu hon vi ng m (metathesis) cng gc vi ting La Tinh gelu, c
ngha l bng gi. Do m ting Anh c ai cn c danh t geola ch thng December (thng Chap duong
lich), m ngha t nguyn l thng bng gi. Cn geol, nay l Yule, l ngy l ca thng geola, tc l ngy
Ging sinh.
18-03-2007, 10:43 PM
20. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)
Tai sao lai gi l "ng To"? "To" l g?
AN CHI: To l ting Hn c theo m Hn Vit, c ngha I bp. ai to l bp to, nu cho chin s (qun i)
hoc nhn vin (co quan) n tp th rt ng ngui. Trung to l bp va, nu cho cn b trung cp. Cn tiu
to l bp nh, nu ring cho cn b cao cp. Lai cn c c to l bp nh loai c bit thuong ho hang. Theo
tn ngung xua, bp c thn bp gi l to qun, to vuong hoc to thn, khu ng cn gi l to cng. Ngui
Vit Nam dich to cng thnh ng to. Dn gian Vit Nam cn ly hai ting ng to ch tng hn trong ba
hn t dng bc cho bc ni ln m xo m nu. Nhng hn t ny thoat u th chy nm, ri lu ngy
di thng, tr nn en thi en thui (v vy m trong khu ng Nam B truc y, ngui ta cn dng hai ting
ng to gi a ngui n , ri v sau c lnh da en na).
21-03-2007, 07:55 AM
21- (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)
Tai sao lai ni "ngy tu ngy tt" v tu nin" (l quanh nm). Hai ting "tu ny c lin quan g vi nhau hay
khng?
AN CHI: Hn ng c mt t ghi bng ch , m m Hn Vit l tu, c ngha l nm, l ma. Mathews' Chinese-
English Dictionary (p.1023. ch.935) ging l: "A year, a season. Sch L thi xun thu c cu: Kim tu m ha,
lai tu m mach ngha l ma ny tt la gao, ma ti tt la m. V n cng mt trung ngha vi tt nn ngui
ta ghp n vi t ny thnh tu tt, ri lai xen ngy vo m ni thnh ngy tu ngy tt.
Cn tu trong "tu nin th lai khng lin quan g n tu trong "ngy tu ngy tt" c. N l tu trong tu b, tu
ma, ngha l mt bin th ng m ca t l bn. Tu b l bn b, ngha l mi pha; tu ma l sut bn ma,
ngha l quanh nm. S di chuyn t nhin v hop l t bn sang mi, sang quanh trong ngha ca tu b, tu
ma dn n cch hiu sai lch rng tu c ngha l quanh, l khp, l c, v.v.. Vi cch hiu sai lch ny,
ngui ta ni tu nin m hiu l quanh nm.
21-03-2007, 10:25 PM
22. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)
Con ln l con g? C phi cng l con ky ln hay khng? Tai sao ngoi Bc gi l "ma su t" m trong Nam
lai gi l "ma ln"?
AN CHI: Con ln cng gi l con ky ln. Nguyn ky l tn ca con c, cn ln l tn ca con ci. Ngui ta ghp
lai m gi chung l ky ln. Ngy nay ln hoc ky ln ch c con c ln con ci. Ting Php dich l unicorne,
ting Anh l unicorn. Ln l con vt ng hng th hai trong t linh: long (rng), ln, qui (ra), phng (phuong
hong). N l mt con vt thn thoai thn huou, mng nga, ui b, ming rng, mi to, c mt sng, lng
trn lung th ng sc m dui bng th mu vng. Tc truyn rng n l mt con vt hin lnh (nhn th),
khng ap ln c tuoi v khng lm hai cc vt sng. Tc cn truyn rng v n l mt con th c nhn nhu th
cho nn vua cha ai l ngui c nhn th mi uoc nhn thy n. Ma ln tc l ma ky ln. S d trong Nam gi
ma ln m ngoi Bc gi l ma su t l v nhc trng th con ln ging con su t (ai Nam quc m t vi ca
Hunh-tinh Paulus Ca cng ging ln l mt "con th ging con su t"). V vy, ngui ta nhm ma ln
thnh "ma su t ri c th m gi lu ngy thnh quen. Nhung c nhn vo ci u ln ( ma) vi ci
ming rng, ci mi to v ci sng ni cm th bit ngay khng phi l con su t ri.
Ghi ch ca :
Mc d ngui chu u dng ch Unicorn gi con ky ln ca chu nhung con Unicorn ca chu u l con
nga c 1 sng thng gia trn.
Tuong t nhu trung hop h dng ch Dragon gi con rng ca chu . Ky thc, trong vn ha u Ty,
Dragon l loi khng long c cnh, qui th phun la, biu tuog ca ci c lm hai loi ngui. V khng hiu r
con ng chu l linh vt lm mua gip con ngui, v l biu tuong ti cao ca hong tc, nn nhiu ngui
chu u vn cn tung ngui chu th qu d.
22-03-2007, 09:58 PM
23. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)
Tai sao lai gi l "con gip"? Mi con gip c bao nhiu nm?
AN CHI: Hai ting con gip l mt li ni ca phuong ng Nam B. Trong phuong ng ny con gip l mt chu
ky 12 nm m lich gi bng tn ca 12 ia chi t T n Hoi. Ngha ny cho ra mt ngha rng l chu ky thi
gian t mt nm cho n nm cng mt tn chi vi n sau 12 nm, chng han t nm Nhm Thn 1832
n nm Gip Thn 1844, hoc t nm inh Hoi 1947 n nm K Hoi 1959, v.v.. Do m ngui sanh nm
Nhm Thn 1832 ln hon ngui sanh nm Gip Thn 1844 mt con gip, cn ngui snh nm K Hoi 1959 th
nh hon ngui snh nm inh Hoi 1947 mt con gip. Ngoi ra, trong khu ng ca ting ia phuong Nam B,
con gip cn c ngha l con vt tuong trung ca mi chi trong 12 ia chi na (chng han con chut cho nm
T, con tru cho nm Su, v.v. Do mi c cu "Mui hai con gip khng ging con no.
Vy tai sao lai gi l con gip? Nguyn ngy xua ngui ta theo th t truc sau ca thp can v thp nhi chi
m phi hop cc can v cc chi vi nhau sao cho c uoc mt chu ky gm 0 on vi bt u t Gip T cho n
Qu Hoi, trong mi on vi uoc gi bng mt tn kp gm c mt tn can v mt tn chi. Chu ky ny uoc
trnh by thnh mt bng gm c 0 . Bng ny gi l hoa gip. Trong phuong ng Bc B, hoa gip uoc
ni tt thnh gip. Gip thoat u vn uoc hiu l mt chu ky gm 0 nm, v sau lai uoc linh ng hiu
thnh mt chu ky 12 nm nhu cch hiu thong thung hin nay. Tuy cng cng mt cch chuyn ngha nhu
trn nhung trong phuong ng Nam B th hoa gip lai tr thnh con gip v hai l do. Mt l ngui ta vn bi m
nh bi cc con vt tuong trung cho mi chi khi ni n hoa gip. Hai l ting con va c tc dng nhc nh n
cc con vt nhu ni trn, lai va ng m vi con l mt t ch chu ky nhu trong con nuc, con trng v.v.
m hoa gip th r rng l mt chu ky. V hai l do m con thay th cho hoa.
24-03-2007, 07:2 AM
24- (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
C GI: in cho bit xut x ca tn gi Ba Son (Nh my Ba Son).
AN CHI: V tn Ba Son, trong Si Gn nm xua, Vuong Hng Sn ghi nhn bn cch gii thch sau y
1. Truc kia c mt anh tho ngui tn Son, th ba, vo lm s ny. Ngui ta bn ly th v tn ca anh
m gi tn s l Ba Son.
2. Truc khi Ba Son uoc thnh lp th noi c mt con xo chy qua. o ny c nhiu c. Ngui Php
thung n cu v gi n l "mare aux poissons (ao c). Khi xy dng xung Ba Son, con xo tuy bi lp
nhung tn vn cn. Ngui ta bn phin m poissons thnh Ba Son gi xung mi thnh lp.
3. Ba Son l do ting Php reparation c ngha l cng vic sa cha m ra (Ba Son vn l noi sa cha tu
thy).
4. Ba Son l do "bassin de radoub"ngha l " sa cha v tu m ra (bassin > Ba Son). ng Vuong Hng Sn
vit r nhu sau: "Theo quyn Promenades dans Saigon, tc gi, b Hilda Arnold, ghi rng bui u ngui Php
xut ra trn by triu quan thi y lp t v xy ci tu "bassin de radoub" ny, c th sa cha
cc th tu chin, tu bun tai y khi em v tn Php quc. Thi y, cuc chuyn vn u do ung thy,
nn ci "bassin de radoub" gip h nm vn mang x ny trong tay". Trong bn cch trn, ch c cch gii thch
th tu l ng tin nht m thi.
V phn mnh, chng ti cho rng Ba Son l do ting Php bastion ( pho i) m ra v tin rng s c ngy
chng ti chng minh uoc mi quan h ny.
Ghi ch ca :
Cch th nht, nh v ba l tham kho cho vui ch khng hop l v mt ngun gc hay ng m v ngui mnh,
c bit l ngui min Nam s pht m cc t:
1. Tai sao l anh tho ngui m khng ly tn ca ng gim c?
2. poissons "boa-dng" hay "boa-ng".
3. rparation "r-ba-ra-xng".
4. Cch th tu cng khng thuyt phc lm v mt ng m, v nu m t ch bassin th ngui mnh s gi
thnh Bat-xanh hay Bat-xe ch khng thnh Ba son.
Suy lun ca An Chi v ch bastion (Ba-xng Ba-xoong Ba Son) d chp nhn hon v mt ng m v
ngun gc.
V ng m, nn nh a s sch bo Vit Ng thi xua u gi v vit l Ba-xoong ch t vit l Ba Son nhu sau
ny.
Ngoi ra, khu vc dc theo b sng Si Gn-Thi Ngh ngy xua l khu vc thnh Gia inh (bastion de Gia Dinh)
m Phan Thanh Gin v L Vn Duyt tng c gng trn th chng lai qun Php. Cho nn nghing v gi
thuyt bastion hon.
27-03-2007, 03:02 AM
25. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
Lc dc, tht tnh l nhng tnh cm no?
AN CHI:
1. Lc dc l ting nh Pht ch su iu ham mun do lc cn (mt, tai, mi, lui, thn v ) m ra: mt mun
nhn p, tai mun nghe hay, mi mun ngi thom, lui mun nm ngon, thn mun hung sung v mun
bit ht.
2. Tht tnh l by th tnh cm thung khuy ng lng ngui: h (mng), n (gin), ai (lo), c (so), i (yu),
(ght) v dc (mun).
Ghi ch ca :
Trong lc dc th a s thnh vin ca TVE bi vung ci dc th su ( mun bit ht, c ht, hiu
ht,...download ht). Nng nht l cc admin v MOD...
27-03-2007, 10:45 PM
2. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
in nh l ngh thut th by. in cho bit su ngh thut kia.
AN CHI: Su ngh thut kia l:
1. m nhac,
2. ma,
3. hi ha,
4. iu khc,
5. kin trc,
. kich.
Ghi ch ca :
Vy lnh vc sng tc khng uoc lit vo hng ngh thut. Bun nh. Ch v ngy xua cc nh vit sch chu
u hay chu u l cc nh tu tung nn vn hc uoc xp chung vi philosophy (u) hay Thi Thu ()
C ai bit ngh thut th tm l mn no khng? (Hi nghim tc nh. Khng phi l 888). C vi ln nghe bo
ch hay i nhc n ngh thut th tm nhung ngui th m ch ngnh ha, ngui th m ch mt ngnh
khc no nn mnh rt mo h v ci gi l ngh thut th tm.
Ghi ch ca Caravan:
Trong ngh thut trn, em nh l uoc chia l 2 mng
+ Ngh thut lin quan khng gian: hi ha, kin trc, iu khc
+ Ngh thut lin quan thi gian(ci ny khng nh chnh xc): m nhac, ma, kich.
Ngoi ra em thy v tru tuong khng gian th lin quan n bn cu no tri, cn 3 ngh thut kia lin quan
n bn cu no phi
28-03-2007, 07:28 AM
27. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
Con du ca vua gi l g? Tai sao con r ca vua lai gi l ph m?
AN CHI: Con du ca vua gi l hong tc. Hong l mt thnh t ch nhng g thuc v vua, lin quan n vua.
Tc l dang tt ca tc ph tr nn thng dng, c ngha l con du. Con r ca vua vn uoc gi l hong
t (t l r). T i Ngy, i Tn, chng r uoc phong lm ph m y, gi tt l ph m, m xua l ph
m. y l mt chc quan chuyn trch vic nga xe cho vua, anh chng hong t uoc ci tn ph m l nh
chc ny.
Ghi ch ca :
Trn thin nh th chc "quan chuyn trch vic nga" gi l bt m n. Ai c xem Ty du k chc cn nh. Lc
nu gi M Hu Vuong l ph m chc chng xy ra chuyn ai no thin nh. C l tai Ngc Hong
khng c con gi?
"hithien
28-03-2007, 10:42 PM
Canh g ng a c con ung tn l ng Tin ng . Theo em bit hnh nhu ng ny tn l ng Tin Gin .
Do hai ch ny t dang ging nhau nn gii " Vt bt lng i git bt ch " nhm . C phi th khng cc c ?
29-03-2007, 0:57 AM
Canh g ng a c con ung tn l ng Tin ng . Theo em bit hnh nhu ng ny tn l ng Tin Gin .
Do hai ch ny t dang ging nhau nn gii " Vt bt lng i git bt ch " nhm . C phi th khng cc c ?
- c Hng trong " c ng Tin ng" vit v tiu s v s nghip ng Tin ng th cho rng ng l
mt trong s cc s phu Bc H sm thy sc manh mi phong tro Ty Son v em lai ht tm huyt
phc v vuong triu mi ny. ng uoc Nguyn Hu phong lm c ng Tri, tuc ng lnh hu, gi chc
trn th x Thanh Ho. Dui s t chc v lnh ao tuyt vi ca Quang Trung - Nguyn Hu c ng Tin
ng ch huy qun Ty Son nh thng trn ng a.
- Phan Huy L trong bi vit " c Long v mt s di vt thi Ty Son mi pht hin" chng minh rng
c Long (1) hay c Muu (2) (3) chnh l c ng Tin ng ngui lng Duong (Chuong M, H
Ty),mt vi tung tin phong ca Quang Trung, Nguyn Hu, c cng ln trong cuc khng chin chng qun
xm luoc Thanh vo cui th k 18.
- Nguyn Trng Tr gii thiu 14 vi tung Ty Son trong sch "Ty Son luong tung ngoai truyn" trong
tc gi cho rng c Long chnh l ng Vn Long, t l T Vn, qu huyn Tuy Vin, ph Quy Nhon (Bnh
inh).
- Nguyn Quang Thng chng minh trong "Qung Nam t nuc v nhn vt" rng c Long chnh l L Vn
Long, ngui lng Ph un Trung, huyn L Duong, chu Thng Hoa (nay thuc thi x Tam Ky, Qung Nam).
- ng un Vnh phn i cc tc gi cho rng ngui c cng nh trn ng a khng phi l ng Tin
ng m l ng Tin Gin . Bng cc c liu lich s tc gi khng inh ng Tin ng l ngui c cng trong
chin thng ma xun nm K Du v l gii mt vi khuyt im ca ng.
- Ng Th Long trong "Mt s tu liu lin quan n c ng Tin ng i Ty Son" trch dn oan tu liu
t cc ngun khc nhau lin quan n c ng Tin ng i Ty Son chng minh rng ng Tin ng
th tai nh th h ng l vi tung Ty Son c Long.
oan 1: t sc phong cho c ng Tin ng.
oan 2: Bia cha Thu Lm.
oan 3: chung cha Thu Lm v chung cha Trm Gian.
oan 4: Trch gia ph h ng.
oan 5: V mt s hoat ng khc ca ng Tin ng.
oan : Mt s bi Ai Vn (vn bun) do Phan Huy ch lm gip iu ng c Luong .
- Vn Ninh trong bi " c ng Tin ng hay c ng Tin Gin" khng inh l c ng
Tin Gin vi ng Tin ng l hai nhn vt khc nhau. Theo th t tu liu cng b trong bi vit ca Phan
Huy L v bn sc phong nay cn gi uoc tai nh th h ng, v tm bia truc cha Thu Lm thn Luong
, v bc tuong ca c ng xem xt v phn tch s nhm ln v c ng Tin ng, ng chnh
l ng Tin Gin mt vi cu thn nh L theo hng Ty Son. Cn c Long mi chnh l ngui c cng ln
cm ao qun tin phong ca Ty Son nh trn ng a ly lng.
...
(1) Hong L nht thng ch - Ng Gia Vn Phi.
(2) ai nam chnh bin lit truyn - Quc s qun triu Nguyn
(3) Ty Son thy mat kho ca o Nguyn Ph
C qu nhiu nh nghin cu lich s ua ra cc ti liu khc nhau v nguyn qun cng nhu thn th ca hai vi
ny.
Theo Natphung, hai ngui c chung tuc, chung nh, ng chung giung, c chung vo vn c th l hai ngui
khc nhau nhu trung hop... hai ng to cng, chng ca b to.
11-04-2007, 05:42 AM
28. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
"T h" l g? C phi cng l "t khoi" hay khng?
AN CHI: T khoi l quan nim ca ngui Vit Nam gm c: n, ng, . v i. y l bn ci th c tnh cht
sinh l. Cn t h l mt quan nim ca ngui Trung Hoa, c ngha l bn iu mng, bn iu tt lnh. Quan
nim ny bt ngun t mt bi tho dn gian, tc gi l T h thi (bi tho v bn iu vui mng). y l mt bi
tho m cc trung hc thn qu Trung Hoa ngy xua vn day cho hc sinh. N uoc chp trong Dung trai
ty bt ca Hng Mai i Tng, Nguyn vn (phin m Hn Vit) nhu sau:
ai han phng cam v;
Tha huong ng c tri;
ng phng hoa chc da;
Kim bng qui danh th.
Dich ngha:
Nng han lu ngy gp mua nhun
Noi x ngui gp uoc ban c
m uc hoa trong phng c du
Lc thi bng vng treo tn.
Mi cu tho ni ln mt iu vui mng. Tuy cu th ba ni ln iu vui mng v m tn hn, c phn no
trng vi ci khoi th ba, nhung r rng t khoi v t h l hai quan nim ring bit.
Ghi ch ca :
C mt giai thoai vn hc v Th Khoa Ngha, tc ng Bi Hu Ngha Cho Gao, Tin Giang, lin quan n bi
T H Thi ny. Chuyn k ng l ngui dng ch rt tit kim, lun tm cch ct bt ch cu vn sc tch hon
nn ni ting v ti gin luoc cc bi tho m vn gi nguyn .
Mt hm c ngui em bi T h thi ra nh ng ct bt ch. Tuy nhin, ng bo bi tho ny khng th ct bt,
nguoc lai micu phi thm hai ch cho mach vn manh m, t tun tro hon. Truc s ngac nhin ca mi
ngui ng ngm nga.
Cu nin ai han phng cam v;
Thin l tha huong ng c tri;
Ha thuong ng phng hoa chc da;
Thiu nin kim bng qui danh th.
i ng chm ri ging gii (*)
"Nng han lu ngy gp mua" th khng manh m nhu chn nm han hn mi gp mua th ci h, ci nim vui
sau "chn nm trung hn" n khng dm n, ung khng dm ung m by gi c c nuc ... tm th mi tht
l thng khoi.
"Noi x ngui gp uoc ban c" th cng vui nhung nim vui khi qua lng bn gp ngui quen u c mng
bng i na vng tri t tn Caliornia hay lorida, m gp ngui quen nhu tovanhung.
"m uc hoa trong phng c du" sung th sung nhung cng "th gian s thung", sao sung bng ci
sung vi ha thuong c i tr gii, nay ph l hon tc v ... cui vo.
"Thi bng vng treo tn" lc lm cm c 20 nm sau ra ung khng ai thm nhn, th sao sung bng
chng thiu nin tui tr git gii trang nguyn trong nh th r rng tng mn, m ra ung th bit bao nhiu
ngui p lic mt ua tnh.
---------------------
(*) lu ngy khng nh nguyn vn, xin v php c Th Khoa Ngha m k lai theo ci kiu ca .
11-04-2007, 05:51 AM
29. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
in cho bit tn nuc ta qua cc thi ky lich s
AN CHI: Sau y l quc hiu qua cc i:
1. ch Qu (thi Kinh Duong Vuong),
2. Vn Lang (thi HngVuong),
3. u Lac (i An Duong Vuong),
4. Van un (i L Nam , 541-547),
5. ai C Vit (i inhTin hong, 98-979),
. ai Vit t i L ThnhTng, 1055-1072),
7. ai Ngu (i H Qu Ly, 1400),
8. ai Vit (t i L Thi T, 1428-1433),
9. Vit Nam (t i Gia Long, 1802-1819),
10. ai Nam (t i MinhMang, 1820-1840),
11. Vit Nam (Dn ch Cng ha) t 2.9.1945.
Sau khi An Duong Vuong mt C Loa v t t th nuc u Lac bi Triu st nhp vo qun Nam Hi lp
thnh nuc Nam Vit. Nuc ny lai bi nh Hn chim ri t thnh Giao Ch b chia lm 9 qun trong 3 qun
Giao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam, ch yu l Giao Ch, ri n Cu Chn, c nhng phn t c ca u Lac.
Nm 203, Hn Hin ci gi l Giao Chu. Nm 79, ung Cao Tng t lm An Nam h ph. Thi php
thuc, nuc ta bi chia lm Tonkin, Annam v Cochinchine. Truc nm 1945, vn dich thnh Bc Ky, Trung Ky v
Nam Ky. T nm 1945, chnh ph lm thi ca nuc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha gi l Bc B, Trung B v
Nam B. Sau , chnh quyn thn Php gi l Bc Phn, Trung Phn v Nam Phn, ri Bc Vit, Trung Vit v
Nam Vit. Truc 1945, tn Vit Nam vn c uoc dng nhung ch l ngn t ca sch bo hoc l yu t
trong tn ca t chc (nhu: Vit Nam Quc dn ng, Vit Nam c lp ng minh hi, v.v. ) m thi.
11-04-2007, 09:20 PM
LOM LT THM:
in hi tai sao ngui Vit mnh lai ni "cht mt ca t" (du sc) m khng ni "cht mt ca t". T mi l
cht ch. Mong uoc ch dn. t cm on.
NGUYN NG DANH
(viethoc.org)
Thnh ng "cht mt ca t" c ngha bng l sp bi thua l, sp gp vic khng may mn v.v.. Theo ch hiu
bit ca ti, thnh ng ny bt ngun t mn choi xm hung (c ngui gi trai ra l tam hung). Ti khng r
ngy nay Vit nam ngui ta c cn choi mn ny hay khng.
Truc ht xin ni v ci tn, xm l th (nhu xin xm), hung l mu hung. Nguyn thu tr choi ny c tn l
xm hng, nhung v Hng-Nhm l tn ca vua T-c, dn gian so pham hu nn phi gi l xm hung. Mt
b sm hung gm c 3 chic th (lm bng ng hay bng xuong th, bng ct tre), con sc sc (ht x
ngu) v mt ci t. Mi th sm c khc mt ch, hoc l Trang nguyn (hc vi cao nht), hay Bng nhn,
Thm hoa v.v. cho n T ti (hc vi thp nht). Cn con sc sc (x ngu) th ai cng bit c su mt, mi mt
l mt s. S 1 v 4 mu , hai - ba - nm - su mu en.
Ngui choi ht sc sc trong ci t v thang im co bn da trn mt t (mu ) gm: nht hung (c 1
mt t), nhi hung (2 mt t) v.v. cho n lc ph hung (uoc mt t ca ht sc sc). Ngui uoc
mt t s oat tt c cc th c trong cuc choi, k c th thuc v tay ngui khc v uoc thng gp i s
im quy inh. y l trung hop him hoi, uoc coi l tt nh ca vn may. Nhung ngui Vit lai c nim tin
di oan rng khi at uoc lc ph hung, th mng t m lo nhiu, v h ngh rng sau vn may mn trong c
bac tt s gp nhiu xui xo bt hanh trong cc cng vic khc, nht l nhng ai choi xm hung trong ngy
u nm on vn hn xui ca mnh.
Tm lai, trong mn choi xm hung vo nhng ngy Tt, ai gp ton ca t (bn nt mu ca ht sc sc)
th sau c lo ngay ngy so gp nhng vic xui xo trong sut c nm. Do m c thnh ng cht mt ca
t.
12-04-2007, 0:19 AM
30. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
"Ba hn by va" l nhng hn no, va no? Tai sao c ngui cn cho rng n ng c by va m n b lai c
ti chn va?
AN CHI: Ba hn by va l mt quan nim xut pht t Trung Hoa. y l mt quan nim ca ao gio. Ting
Hn l tam hn tht phch. Sch Bo Phc T ca Ct Hng i Tn c vit: "Mun tr nn thn thng th phi
luyn php chia mnh bng nuc, la. Chia mnh uoc th thy uoc ba hn by va ca bn thn". Sch Vn cp
tht tim ca Truong Qun Phng i Tng ni r ba hn l: thai quang, sng linh v u tinh cn by va l: thi
cu, phc th, tuc m, thn tc, phi c, tr u v x ph. S phn bit by va ca n ng vi chn va ca
n b c th ch l do mt s ngui Vit Nam t ra. H gii thch rng s d nhu th l v n ng c by l
m n b th c ti chn l. By l th by va cn chn l th chn va. By l ng vi by va th ng vi quan
nim ca dn gian cho rng l by hn bng: bng nhn, bng nghe, bng th v bng ni. Hai l mt
nhn, hai l tai nghe, hai l mi th v l ming ni th ng l by l. By l ny th n ng v n
b u c. Cn chn l l nhng l no? L by l trn cng vi l tiu tin v l ai tin. Vy chng c l n
ng th khng c hai l sau ny chng? rng cch phn bit n ng by l vi n b chn l l iu v l:
v phuong din ny th nam n "tuyt i bnh ng".
Nhung do u m lai c quan nim trn y? C th l do mt s hiu nhm. Ting Hn gi by l l tht khiu
v chn l l cu khiu. Trong cu khiu th by l trn gi l thuong khiu cn hai l dui gi l ha khiu.
Thuong khiu cng gi l duong khiu cn ha khiu cng gi l m khiu. Chng ti ng rng ngui ta hiu
nhm m khiu l l... ring ca ph n, nn mi cho rng n b hon n ng hai l. C l v th m sinh ra
chuyn "nam tht n cu chng?
Ghi ch ca :
* Sch ca o Duy Anh ("Vit Nam vn ha s cuong", (1938), Nh xut bn Tng hop ng Thp (ti bn),
1998), thin th ba, chuong VI "Tn ngung v t t" ghi rng:
Hn l ci linh ph vo phn kh ca ngui, l phn khinh thanh, ngui ta cht th bay ln khng; cn phch l
ci linh ph vo phn hnh ca ngui, l phn trng trc, khi ngui ta cht th tiu xung t. n ng c ba
hn ph vo tam tiu v by phch (va) ph vo tht khiu, n b th c chn phch (va) ph vo cu khiu.
V ch thch:
* Tam tiu l min ming trn da dy l thuong tiu, min gia da dy l trung tiu, min trn bng quang l
ha tiu.
* Tht khiu l by ci l trn mt: hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi, v ming.
* Cu khiu l tht khiu vi hai khiu: l sinh thc kh v hu mn
* Sch ca Hong Quc Hi ("Vn ha phong tc", Nh xut bn Ph N, 2005), chuong "Vic tang vic hiu"
ghi rng:
Theo quan nim c xua, con ngui c 7 l (tht khiu) hp th vt cht, tinh thn m trung thnh. By l
l : hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi v ming. n b c thm l v v l sinh dc v nui con. Khi ht
chc nng sinh lai tr v tht khiu (Pht gio phn bit cc ng vt cao cp, h c cu khiu (9 l) u
c th tu Pht. V vy, trong lich s c Tn Hnh gi gc t con kh. Cu khiu trong trung hop ny k c n
ng v n b tnh theo th n inh : 2 l tai, 2 l mt, hai l mi, ming, l sinh dc, l bi tit).
Hong Quc Hi cng nhu bt ky ngui no khc cng c quyn suy din cch ca mnh.
Cch suy din 2 ci khiu l nh khiu, hoc mt ci din gii khc gn cho l m ao vo hu mn ca ngui
n l mt suy din ch c Vit Nam.
V lai, cch suy din ca HQH th n b c n 10 khiu (hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi v ming. n b c thm
l v v l sinh dc v nui con.) ch khng cn l tht khiu hay cu khiu na. Nu suy din th ngui
ta cn nhiu ci khiu (ci l) khc na, nhu my ci khiu nhn tao (x l tai) khiu... ch (kh chiu)
Ni cho vui thi. Tuy nhin khi tm hiu ngha ca mt t/ng ta phi da vo t in, v t nguyn ch khng
th suy din.
Trong cc t in ting Hn, nhu T Hi chng han, u gii thch v tht khiu (cng gi l duong khiu) nhu
An Chi gii thch. Tuy nhin, cn c thm mt inh ngha v cu khiu l duong khiu (7) + m khiu (2).
m khiu l hai l tiu tin v ai tin (bn dui m) cng vi tht khiu (bn trn duong) thnh cu khiu.
C l ngui Vit mnh hiu lm ch m khiu v cho rng m ngha l thuc v n gii nn mi gn hai ci
khiu cho n b chng.
Nu ban th s trong sch Tu, ngui bi u c (nhu V ai Lang) hay tai nan chn thuong th bi "mu
tro ra tht khiu" ch chng ai ni "mu tro ra cu khiu".
12-04-2007, 12:59 PM
31. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)
"Tin cheo" l tin g?
AN CHI: Trong Vit Nam vn ha s cuong, o Duy Anh lin h l np cheo Vit Nam vi tc lan nhai
(chn ung) ca Trung Hoa. Cn Phan K Bnh th ni r nhu sau: "L cui xin phi np tin lan nhai cho
lng, th gi l np cheo. Ngui trong lng ly nhau th np mt vi ng bac, gi l cheo ni, ngui ngoi
ly gi lng th bao gi cng phi np nng hon, hoc nm su ng hoc muoi ng hoc mt vi chc, ty tc
ring tng lng, gi l cheo ngoai. C noi khng ly tin, bt np bng gach bt trng, hoc noi th bt np
bng mm ng, bt s, ty lng cn dng thc g th np thc y ch khng np tin, nhung chiu gi tin th
cng tuong uong nhau. Ngoi l cheo lng, lai c l cheo hng xm, cheo bn tc, cheo bn thn, hoc nm ba
tin km hoc mt vi quan hay mt hai ng bac, v.v.. H c cheo ri mi thnh gia tht. Cheo tc l phn
bua vi lng nuc. Ly nhau c cui cheo l s hn th phn minh, v sau vo chng c iu g khng d m
ly di uoc nhau v ngui ngoi cng khng c php m tranh canh uoc na (Vit Nam phong tc, Nxb ng
Thp, 1990, tr.180-181).
Th l Phan K Bnh ni rt r v khi nim cheo. Nhung vic c ng ln o y Anh lin h l np cheo vi
tc lan nhai th lai l mt vic khng ng. Lan nhai (chn ung) l mt tc l khc m chnh Phan K Bnh
cng c ni n khi ng m t l ging dy: "Trong lc i ung th nhng k hn ha hoc ly soi ch , hoc
mnh vi, la ging ngang gia ung, m cui i n phi ni t t m cho chng n vi ho th chng n
mi ci dy cho i. Ch th chng n by huong n, ch i n, t mt bnh pho n mng, ch y phi i h
mt vi ng mi xui. Nu bn xn m khng cho chng n tin, th chng ct ch, ct dy ni by ni ba,
chng xng ng cho vic vui mng, v vy m no cng phi ch (Sd, tr.59). y mi ch thi l tc lan
nhai.
Nathun!
14-04-2007, 05:29 PM
Trong Chuyn ng Chuyn Ty cu 28 ca tc gi An Chi ni v t h nhu sau :
y l mt bi tho m cc trung hc thn qu Trung Hoa ngy xua vn day cho hc sinh. N uoc chp
trong Dung trai ty bt ca Hng Mai i Tng, Nguyn vn (phin m Hn Vit) nhu sau:
ai han phng cam v;
Tha huong ng c tri;
ng phng hoa chc da;
Kim bng qui danh th.
Dich ngha:
Nng han lu ngy gp mua nhun
Noi x ngui gp uoc ban c
m uc hoa trong phng c du
Lc thi bng vng treo tn.
Nhung tnh c NatPhung c uoc trong Thn ng Thi ca tc gi Ung Chu () cng c ng bn cu trn.
Vy thc ra bi t h thi ny l ca ai ? Hng Mai hay Ung Chu ? Hay Hng Mai chnh l Ung Chu cng nhu
Hu Thin chnh l An Chi ?
Trong T in nhn danh, ia danh v tc phm vn hc ngh thut Trung Quc ca tc gi BS. Hong un
Chnh (2000) c vit nhu sau :
Sheng Tong Shi - Thn ng Thi - Do thn ng Ung Th () i nh Tng bin soan, gm 34 bi tho lm
theo th tuyt c, mi cu nm ch. uoc sng tc khi tc gi mi 9 tui. (tr. 382).
y ta thy noi th gi l Chu, ch th gi l Th, nhung gc ch Hn vn l (do l mt).
T in Thiu Chu : Th cng c l Chu
Mong cao nhn ch day.
Nathun!
15-04-2007, 01:11 AM
V chua tm ra uoc bi Dung Trai ty bt ca Hng Mai, nn Natphung khng bit ni dung ra sao. Tuy nhin,
trong bi Thn ng thi ca Ung Chu c hai ch khc vi bn T h thi do An Chi phin m. l ch "cu "
thay v "ai" v ch "ng " thay v "ng".
Sau y l 4 cu trong bi Thn ng thi (ngun : vnthuquan) :

cu han phng cam v, tha huong ng c tri;
!"#$%
ng phng hoa chc da, kim bng qui danh th.
T in Thiu Chu : : ng, ng.
Nathun!
15-04-2007, 09:40 AM
Do bc bn cng vic khc, nn Natphung s tip tc ua ln Chuyn ng Chuyn Ty cc ban cng
thung lm. Tuy nhin s bt hp dn rt nhiu do thiu phn ghi ch (nhu li bn Mao Tn Cuong) uyn bc
nhung khng km phn d dm ca bc , nn Natphung mong mi cc ban s tip tay Natphung cho mc ny
thm phong ph v cng mong bc tuy thi gian eo hp cng lu lu gh mt v thm kin cho xm t.
32. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)
Ch D.C. sau ch ashington (ashington D.C.) l ch g ?
AN CHI : D.C. l 2 ch u ca District (o) Columbia. District o Columbia l mt hat lin bang, khc vi
Columbia l th ph ca bang South Carolina. V ashington, th Hoa Ky, nm trong hat lin bang Columbia
nn ngui ta thung vit ashington D.C. phn bit n vi ashington l tn mt bang min ty bc Hoa
Ky m th ph l Olympia.
33. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)
Tai sao lai ni con gi con a ch con gi v n ng n ang ch n ng ?
AN CHI : T in ting Vit 1992 ging rng con gi con a, l mt li ni ca khu ng hm ch bai ch
gi con gi ni chung. y ch l cch ging theo ngha hin ai. Cn xt v lich ai th con gi con a lai c
ngha l con gi con trai. Trai l ngha xua ca a. Ngha ny bin mt khi ting Vit hin ai nhung trong
ting Mung - mt ngn ng cng gc vi ting Vit - th a vn cn c ngha l trai (em, chng han, N.K.
Skolovskaa, Nguyn Vn Ti, Jauk muong, Moskva, 1987, tr. 189, t 1830). V khng cn bit uoc ngha ca
a na nn ngui ta mi dng cm t con gi con a ch con gi mt cch khi qut.
Trung hop ca n ng ng ang cng tuong t. Ang l bin th ng m ca ng trong ng n m T in Vit
- B - La ca A. de hodes v ai Nam quc m t vi ca Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca u ging l cha m. Vy
ang l cha v n ng n ang l bc ng bc cha (so snh vi n anh n chi, chng han). V khng cn bit
ngha ca ang l g na, nn ngui ta mi dng cm t trn y m ch n ng ni chung, c hm a cot,
tung rng y n ng i ngha vi n b v cm t ang xt l kiu t lp ly (m khng ng rng y
n ng l bc ng, cng nhu n anh l bc anh v n chi l bc chi.
Li bn (ra) ca Natphung : Nhu vy t xua n nay n chi vn l "bc chi" cn n b .... ch l n b,
chng c bc g ro tri ... sao ?
Li bn ca : Vit nam c cu "Trong cc loai n, n no ku ln nht?" Cu tr li cho Natphung: n b.
Vy n b l bc nht ri. C khi cn ln lnh hon c cc ng, cc "ang" na. Chng vy m ngy xua "dn
choi" c c T uong cng than:
"Mt tr mt ruou mt n b,
Ba ci lng nhng n quy ta.
Cha uoc th no hay th y.
C chng cha ruou vi cha tr."
Ngy nay, "in" nhu Bi Ging cn phi gi l "b tri". (Hnh nhu trong TVE cng c vi ngui nhu vy).
Vy l coi nhu n b cng c th bc ri, m cn l bc cao na. Ch cn lai 2 nhm m chua bit c bc g
khng: "n em thn yu" v "mt na l n ng, mt na l n b". ng coi thung my "n" ny nhe.
"ai biu" ca h cng khng thiu bc anh hng : Chng han Hoi Vn Hu Trn quc Ton v T qun L
vn Duyt.
34. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)
Truc y ti c tung bnh v l bnh do ngui ta tung tuong m v ra nn hai ting bnh v mi dng
ch ci g khng c tht. Nhung trn Tui Tr ch nht s 28-92 (19.7.1992), trang 20, tc gi bi Bnh v l
c Vn Hoa lai vit rng l mt mn bnh c sn c truyn ca lng V, thn ng Ngac, huyn T Lim,
ngoai thnh H Ni ngy nay v cu v :
Kht nuc ng canh b ao
i n bnh v chim bao uoc vng
chnh l ni n th bnh ca lng V.
AN CHI : Trong bi Ch v Ngha (Ngn ng, s 1, 199 tr. 85-89) nh vn Nguyn Cng Hoan cng tng
ni nhu c Vn Hoa. Khc nhau l ch Nguyn Cng Hoan ni rng bnh v l loai bnh thu a nhp thiu
v n to bng qu ping pong, nhung khi n, b vo ming, bnh c nuc di lm tan ra th n ch tp lai c mt
t cn c Vn Hoa th ni rng l loai bnh nap thiu thu a v bnh v khi chua rn chn ch l mt
ming bt mng, b t to, nhung khi rn chn s n phng to nhu ci chn ung nuc. Nguyn Cng Hoan cn
nghi vit hoa ch v thnh V na Nhung c Nguyn Cng Hoan ln c Vn Hoa u khng c l: bnh
lng V, d l thu a nhp thiu hay nap thiu thu a th cng l th bnh c tht cn bnh v lai l mt th
bnh hu tuyt i, ngha l hon ton khng tht
Bnh v l mt on vi t vng ting Vit ra i bng hnh thc vay muon theo li dich ngha (ting Php:
calque, ting Anh: calque, heteronym, loan translation) t ting Hn l ha bnh. Sch Tam Quc Ch, phn
Ngy ch, truyn Lu Dc, c oan sau y : Ting tm nhu bnh v trn t, khng th n uoc (Danh nhu
ha ia tc bnh, bt kh am d). Sch Truyn ng lc cng c ghi lai li ni ca Tr Nhn: Bnh v khng
th lm cho ht i (Ha bnh bt kh sung co). Tho ca L Thuong n cng c cu: Cp bc (ca quan) nhu
bnh v (Quan hm ng ha bnh). Thnh ng ha bnh sung co (v bnh lm ngui con i) vn cn tn tai
trong ting Hn hin ai.
Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca cng ging trong ai Nam quc m t vi nhu sau: Bnh v. Cuc di gi, ch gi l
ha bnh.
Vy iu m ban tung chnh lai l iu hon ton ng s tht v bnh v chng c lin quan g n bnh
ca lng V c.
Li bn ca :
i thung khi bnh v ngon hon bnh tht, bi ci tr tung tuong ca ta n lm cho ci bnh v lun to hon,
ngon hon, thch hon l bnh tht.
M hnh nhu bnh v cng c nhiu ngui "n" hon l bnh tht. Ch c iu l ngui ta khng bit v n uoc
gi bng ci tn khc: "php lich s", "li chc", "x giao", "ng vin", "khu hiu", "khen thung", "at thnh
tch", "ng h v mt tinh thn",
V d:
- Chi un tc kiu ny trng tr hn ra (trong bng th ngh: ". Gi m cn nga")
- Co quan ta nm nay at thnh tch cao, vuot ch tiu 15 so vi cng ky nm ngoi. (C ai bit nm nay lam
pht tng bao nhiu phn trm khng? Vy tin thung c tng khng?)
- Cc anh chi cn tr, cn rt nhiu co hi nn phi lun c gng phn u (ch chng ti th ... gi ri nn
min ci v phn u...)
- Nuc ta bin bac rng vng, ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph (c cn khng?)
V d cn di, ai c kin hay xin ghi vo. tam kt bng cu tho ca Bt Tre.
Thi ua ta quyt thi ua,
Thi ua ta quyt tin ln hng u.
Hng u ri bit i u.
i u khng bit hng u c ln.
15-04-2007, 03:35 PM
V chua tm ra uoc bi Dung Trai ty bt ca Hng Mai, nn Natphung khng bit ni dung ra sao. Tuy nhin,
trong bi Thn ng thi ca Ung Chu c hai ch khc vi bn T h thi do An Chi phin m. l ch "cu "
thay v "ai" v ch "ng " thay v "ng".
Sau y l 4 cu trong bi Thn ng thi (ngun : vnthuquan) :

cu han phng cam v, tha huong ng c tri;
!"#$%
ng phng hoa chc da, kim bng qui danh th.
T in Thiu Chu : : ng, ng.
Khng dm nhn hai ch cao nhn ca anh Natphung, m chc cng chng c ai lai nhy vo t nhn mnh l
cao nhn cho d c ... cao 1 thuc tm nhu cu th bng r. Thi th bit g ni ny coi nhu thy bi s voi.
Dung trai ty bt l mt b sch ca Hng Mai, mt hc gi i Tng chp lai nhng iu hay cho i sau suy
gm, cng kiu nhu "Thuong Kinh K S" ca L Hu Trc hay Si-gn nm xua ca Vuong Hng Sn. V vy
An Chi mi ghi l "chp trong Dung trai ty bt..." ch khng ni l ca Hng Mai.
Bi Thn ng thi tuong truyn l ca Ung Chu (m hin ai c Ung Th) sng tc nm chn tui. Hin nay
c nhiu gio su ai hc tai Trung Quc ang xt lai nhiu tc phm uoc gn cho l ca thn ng Ung Chu,
v cng ng vi quan nim ny.
Hy c vi cu trong "Thn ng thi" cc ban c ngh rng y l suy ngh,v khu kh ca mt a b, cho
du n l thn ng nhu Trn ng Khoa.
&'()*+,-./
xun du phuong tho ia, ha thung lc h tr;
012345678%
thu m hong hoa tu, ng ngm bach tuyt thi.
...
9:;<=>?@AB
khuynh quc tu dung bit, a khai ph qu gia;
...
CDEFGHIJ
nhn tai dim duong trung, o hoa nh din hng;
KKLMNOPQ&R%
nin nin nhi tam nguyt, s tiu xun phong.
Con nt chn tui m i ma xun dao ng c, ma ha ngm h xanh, ma thu nhu ruou thuc, ma ng
ngi ngm tho vinh tuyt trng. i th nhng to tung giai nhn sc p khuynh quc, ngui p m nh hoa
o nhu Thi H, ri th mi nm thng hai ba ly vy-cy-xng (vacation) ngh mt m cui cot gi un ...
th khu kh ln qu khng? Hay l ng bu ca thn ng cng choi tr khai gian... st tui?
ing v ch cu v ch ai th c l l di bn.
a s cc sch Vit u in l "ai han" nhung cc sch/website Tu lai ghi "Cu han". Du c hai u mang
ngha "Han hn ln" Nhung ch "Cu" hay hon ch "ai". "ai han" l han ln ni chung nhung c th chng
mt hai nm nay. Cn "Cu" (nhu cu ngung, trung cu,...) l lu lm ri, l maximum. Cho nn Cu han th
n han lu ri, han ... d lm.
15-04-2007, 04:58 PM
LOM LT:
Cho hi trn tay vn vi nuc nh tm hay nh v sinh thung c hai ch "H" v "C" trn tay vn ngha l g?
T LI:
Khi ban hi, ti ngh rng d ban vn tay nm bn no th vi nuc ca ban cng ch c ... nuc lanh chy ra
cho nn ban mi hi nhu trn. nhng noi c trang bi nuc nng v nuc lanh th thung vi bn tri (c ch
H) c nuc nng khong 50-55 C, v vi bn phi (c ch C) l nuc lanh nhit bnh thung.
Ch H l ch Hot (nng) ting Anh vit tt.
Ch C l ch Cold (lanh) ting Anh vit tt
Nu ban mua vi nuc ca chu u th c th thy ch C v ch .
Ch C l Chaud (nng) v ch l roid (lanh).
Li bn (ra) ca :
Nu bn ch H khng c nuc, ch c nuc 1 bn ch C th ch H l "Ht" v ch C l "Cn"
Nathun!
18-04-2007, 03:09 PM
35. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)
Trong T in thnh ng v tc ng Vit Nam, tc gi Nguyn Ln ging cu Nm gi khc mng nhu sau:
Theo mt truyn trong Nhi thp t hiu, mt ngui con c hiu i kim mng cho m, khng thy mng, nm
trn tuyt khc, mng thuong tnh () mc ln cho anh ly. Nu ti nh khng nhm th nm gi v khc mng
l hai tch khc nhau. in nh gii p gip.
AN CHI : Vng, ng nh khng nhm. l hai tch khc nhau uoc tc gi Nguyn Ln gp lai lm mt.
Anh nm gi l Vuong Tung i Tn. M ci m phi sng vi d gh c c, Vuong Tung vn mt lng hiu
tho. C ln ang ma ng nuc ng bng m d gh thm n c tuoi. Vuong Tung phi ci trn m nm
trn gi ch bt c. T nhin thy bng nt i ri t dui khe nt c hai con c chp nhy ln. Vuong Tung
bt em v cho d gh n v nh m cm ha uoc m ny. Cn anh khc mng lai l Manh Tng i
Tam quc, m ci cha v ch hiu vi m. ang ma him mng m m bnh lai thm n mng. Khng bit lm
cch no, Manh Tng nh ra ngi bi tre to sau vun m khc. Bng chc c my mt mng t dui t mc
ln. Manh Tng xn mng em v lm thc n cho m. Nh th m m khi bnh.
Vy nm gi v khc mng l hai chuyn ca hai anh ch khng phi ca mt anh v nm gi khc mng phi
uoc vit c du phy sau v truc thnh nm gi, khc mng ch khng phi lin mach nhu Nguyn Ln
vit
Li bn (ra) ca goldish:
Cn anh khc mng lai l Manh Tng i Tam quc, m ci cha v ch hiu vi m. ang ma him mng m
m bnh lai thm n mng. Khng bit lm cch no, Manh Tng nh ra ngi bi tre to sau vun m khc.
Bng chc c my mt mng t dui t mc ln. Manh Tng xn mng em v lm thc n cho m. Nh th
m m khi bnh.Mng tre t lu uoc dng lm thc n v lm thuc (xem
http://www2.thanhnien.com.vn/Suckhoe/200/4/25/14558.tno)
(http://www2.thanhnien.com.vn/Suckhoe/200/4/25/14558.tno29). Tuy nhin trong mng c cht c HCN
nn: loai b HCN trong mng, cn luc v ngm k. Trong 100 g mng tuoi chua luc c 32-38 mg HCN.
mng luc k ( nuc), luong cht ny cn 2,7 mg, mng tuoi ngm chua l 2,2 mg, nuc luc mng l
10 mg (xem http://www.amthucvietnam.com/health/19052003-2.asp)
(http://www.amthucvietnam.com/health/19052003-2.asp29).
Cc hiu t ngy nay ngh sao?
Li bn (ra) ca :
Truyn ni l mng "thn" chc khng c c.
Truyn cng ni m ca Manh Tng bnh nn thm n mng. C iu khng r b bi bnh g m thm n
mng. Chc khng phi m nghn, v sau khi n mng th "ht bnh". Cho nn c l b n mng tri bnh g
.
Cng khng bit b "n" kiu no. Hm, luc, hay ... tn thnh than lm cao on hon tn. Bi v trong ting
Tu th ngui ta ni l "n" thuc, ch khng ni "ung" thuc nhu ngui Vit. Phi c thy lang no ra tay chn
on nhu Bc S L Vn Son chn on nhn vt Tam quc (http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Suc-
khoe/2003/01/3B9C4095/) th may ra mi bit.
Nathun!
18-04-2007, 03:19 PM
3. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)
Tai m cui ngui ta hay trang tr hai con vt Long v Phng v bo l tuong trung cho s ha hop vo chng
(?). Tai sao th uoc, khi m hai con vt hon ton khc ging vi nhau. u , c ngui ni : con trng l
Loan, con mi l Phng. Vy Loan-Phng ng hay Long-Phng ng ?
AN CHI : Phng hong l mt ging chim huyn thoai m theo m t th thuc loai g (gallinac), uoc ng
Tc Tn ng nht vi con cng. Phng l con trng, hong l con mi. Cn loan ch l mt ging chim uoc m
t l ging nhu phng hong m thi. Vy loan khng phi l con trng v phng khng phi l con mi (v n
l cp trng) trong cp loan-phng.
Trong Hn ng, hai ting loan phng uoc dng ch cc ngha m T hi cho nhu sau :
1. ch nhng ngui trung ngha (d d thin loai)
2. ch ngui ti gii xut sc (d d anh tun chi nhn)
3. ch vo chng (d d khng l)
Do ngha 3 m c cc thnh ng nhu: loan phng ho minh (loan phng cng ht) ch vo chng ha hop,
loan tin phng gin (t loan th phng) ch giy t hn s ca c du ch r. Tuy nhin, ngha 3 ch l
ngha n d m thi v loan khng phi l con mi ca con phng. V con loan khng phi l con phng mi nn
trong m cui ngui ta khng th trang tr con loan con phng cho thnh cp i uoc.
Nguoc lai, trong m cui ngui ta trang tr con long (rng) v con phng v y l hai con vt trong hng t
linh tuong trung cho s cao sang v im ct tung. Tn v hnh ca chng thung i chung vi nhau. V th
m c cc thnh ng nhu: long bn phng dt (rng nm phng np) ch ngui c ti m chua gp thi, long
duoc phng minh (rng nhy phng ht) ch ti ba pht tit ra ngoi, long chuong phng tu (v rng dng
phng) ch s cao nh, ho phng, long phng trnh tung ( rng phng mang iu lnh n) ch vn s
cc ho, hoc long u phng v (u rng ui phng) ch s tt p t thy ch chung. Vy hnh con long
con phng trang tr trong m cui chnh l tuong trung cho s cao sang vn l uc mun chnh ng ca mi
ngui, nht l tuong trung cho long u phng v vn l mt li chc bng hoa l tuoi p (dng kt thnh
hnh long phng) cho i tn lang v tn giai nhn uoc mi mi hanh phc t pht tn hn n lc u bac
rng long.
!ol'(ish
19-04-2007, 04:03 PM
Bc Natphung ghi:
Sau y l 4 cu trong bi Thn ng thi (ngun: vnthuquan):

cu han phng cam v, tha huong ng c tri;

!"#$%
ng phng hoa chc da, kim bng qui danh th.
T in Thiu Chu : : ng, ng.
Goldish dich (cm g):
Nng qu di - cc say ai v
a thn lng - ngui c gp nhau
Sut m hoa chc ngt ngo
Bng vng kia gn vo mt tn
-----------
in b sung (theo TuDienHanVietThieuChuu - EBook):
ng (9n) 1: Ci ng (hang su). 2: L hng, ci g c thng u gi l ng. 3: Sut. Nhu ng gim S
soi sut.
(Goldish dich theo ngha th 3: Sut)
Li bn ra ca :
Ho ho: u c phi l "ng da" u m bc lng lo "sut m". Hay l bc khng thch ci chuyn khp phng
"sut" t tung ny qua tung kia v n phm tc qu, n cht chi qu?
"Tho vit ng xong, thuyn ch " M l vit xong ri th nh phi sa bn gc lai:
"ng da phng hoa chc". Nghe cng khng t, c iu khng bit c ai "hu" khng.
Nathun!
20-04-2007, 04:44 PM
Bc Natphung ghi:
Goldish dich (cm g):
Nng qu di - cc say ai v
a thn lng - ngui c gp nhau
Sut m hoa chc ngt ngo
Bng vng kia gn vo mt tn
-----------
in b sung (theo TuDienHanVietThieuChuu - EBook):
ng (9n) 1: Ci ng (hang su). 2: L hng, ci g c thng u gi l ng. 3: Sut. Nhu ng gim S
soi sut.
(Goldish dich theo ngha th 3: Sut)
Li bn ra ca :
Ho ho: u c phi l "ng da" u m bc lng lo "sut m". Hay l bc khng thch ci chuyn khp phng
"sut" t tung ny qua tung kia v n phm tc qu, n cht chi qu?
"Tho vit ng xong, thuyn ch " M l vit xong ri th nh phi sa bn gc lai:
"ng da phng hoa chc". Nghe cng khng t, c iu khng bit c ai "hu" khng.
Ghi ch ca Natphung:
Tuong truyn i nh Trn c mt lo sinh h Vn tn Nat, tnh tnh hom hnh nn ngui uong thi khng my
ua thch m gi l Vn Nhat lo sinh. Do cm thn sau khi c bi T H Thi ca thn ng Ung Chu m vit
mt bi Cm Thn Thi trong c bn cu :
ai v xong ri nng cc lai
Lng thn y cn ch mong
ng da hay khng hoa chc r
Ai tai mt mang kim ngu tong
(Trch trong Lnh Nam t qui truyn)
Thy c phn tuong ng vi hai bi trn ca bc Goldish v Bc , nn Natphung xin man php chp ra y.
Nathun!
20-04-2007, 04:51 PM
37. (KTNN 102, un Nhm Thn)
Tai sao lai ni giao tha? C phi l do giao thi ni trai ra hay khng?
AN CHI : Trong bi Nn hay khng nn loai b ch Hn ra khi ngn ng Vit, D Lan Nguyn c D c cho
rng giao tha l do giao thi m ra (em Sng Huong, s 5, thng 9-10, 1992, tr. 8). y l mt s nhm
ln. Giao tha l ting Hn ch thc ( y l c theo m Hn Vit), uoc Hn Vit t in ca o Duy
Anh ging nhu sau: C giao lai, mi tip ly - Lc nm c qua, nm mi n. Hn Vit tn t in ca Nguyn
Quc Hng cng ging giao tha nhu sau: Tip ni nhau. Ch thi gian nm c ht, nm mi bt u. Vy
trong giao tha, th tha c ngha l tip ni, tip nhn ch khng phi do thi ni trai ra.
Hai ting giao tha c hm tng cu nghnh tn (ua c tip mi) v dn gian tin rng mi nm u c mt
ng hnh khin coi vic trn gian; c ht nm, ng lc giao tha, th ng tin nhim bn giao cho ng k
nhim. V vy m c cng giao tha tin ng c v n tip ng mi. Chnh l xut pht t quan nim ny
m Nguyn Cng Tr lm hai cu i Tt quen thuc :
Chiu ba muoi no hi tt m, co cng ap thng Bn ra ca:
Sng mng mt ruou say ty ly, gio tay bng ng Phc vo nh.
Nathun!
20-04-2007, 04:57 PM
38. (KTNN 102, un Nhm Thn)
Tai sao ngui ta thung ni ghp tt nht? C phi nht c ngha l mt hay khng ?
AN CHI : Hai ting tt nht ch dng ni v tt Nguyn n ch khng ch cc tt khc trong nm (nhu oan
ng, Trung thu v.v.). Nht l u tin; n l mt thnh t ghp vo sau t Tt ly ngha ca t ny theo
kiu hai t cng ngha hoc gn ngha i chung vi nhau. Tt y l tt Nguyn n ni tt, m Nguyn n l
bui sng u tin (ca nm m lich). ng thi, nhng ngy tt cng l nhng ngy u tin trong nm mi.
Ci nt ngha u tin r rng l mt nt ngha chung cho c tt ln nht. Mt s nh nghin cu cho rng
tt nht l li ni trai ca tit nht ( ngy tt). Ta kh m gii thch uoc v sao m ting th hai lai phi
chuyn t thanh (du nng) sang thanh 5 (du sc), ngha l t nht thnh nht. Hon na, tit nht l mt
cu trc chnh-ph ca ting Hn trong khi ngui ni hin nay vn cn cm nhn uoc rng tt nht l mt cu
trc ng lp ca ting Vit trong tt v nht l ng ngha hoc gn ngha vi nhau.
Li bn (ra) ca :
"tit nht l mt cu trc chnh-ph ca ting Hn trong khi ngui ni hin nay vn cn cm nhn uoc rng tt
nht l mt cu trc ng lp ca ting Vit trong tt v nht l ng ngha hoc gn ngha vi nhau." Nht
l u tin, l "tin u", l ng ngha vi Tt, cho nn chng la khi ngui ta loi dng ngy Tt thi hnh th
tc u tin, hay i hi th tc u tin.
Con nt thch Tt khng phi ch v uoc n ngon mc p trong ba ngy Tt m ch yu v uoc l-x. Mc p
n ngon th trong nm nhiu dip lm nhung xin tin th hay bi b m mng. Vy m ngy Tt ngy nht th
chng nhng uoc b m l-x m c hng xm cho ti my "c ch la hoc" trong co quan ca b m cng ti
tn nh l x. Tt l nht.
Ngui ln thch Tt v Tt th uoc quyn ly l x, ly qu cp trn mc tnh cm m khng bi mang ti tham
nhng hay ca quyn. Ngy thung th ngui trao ln ngui nhn rt ngai ngng m m ming, khng bit bt
u t u. Nhung Tt th khc. Ting Vit c hng l hng lc cc cu x giao "breaking ice", tha h m ni.
Ni ting Vit chua "" th li c ting Tu "Cng h chi" vi ting Anh "Hp-bi niu da" vo cho c ch
ln khch u thy mnh "tr thc" hon, c "nng lc cng tc" cao hon. Tt l nht.
Tt l nht vy th ngy no l nhi, l tam, l t, l ... hang cht? Chc l my ngy hu Tt. Khi m nhn thy
tin dnh dm c nm bay i mt, thm mt ng no chua bit lm sao tr, mt ng "bills" ca th tn dng
(credit card) gi v nhu cnh bum vun xun th chc chn l ht tt ht nht ri. Ngao ngn nhn ng no
bng thy "ba (ngy) un dn lai mt ngy ... phin gh".
Nhn lai thy ci l cm hoa mai nm tro vo trn bn v b tri dp my cnh mai "ny-lon" ri. Bng cm
cnh chi H:
"Ct nh i ri l b khng".
!ol'(ish
20-04-2007, 10:29 PM
Theo bc th ng Th Khoa Ngha thm mi cu 2 ch cho mach vn manh m, t tun tro hon:
Cu nin ai han phng cam v;
Thin l tha huong ng c tri;
Ha thuong ng phng hoa chc da;
Thiu nin kim bng qui danh th.
Nguoc lai, ng x Ngh no cng thm mi cu 2 ch cho T Khoi thnh T Bt Khoi:
Dim in ai han phng cam v.
o tri tha huong ng c tri.
Thi gim ng phng hoa chc da.
Ph nhn kim bng qui danh .
(Dim in: rung mui; o tri: trn no)
Goldish ti thy mang ngui chng may bi tn ph ra a cot th khng phi cht no. V lai, vuot qua s
phn, uoc ghi tn bng vng th. khoi cng thm khoi. Phi khng cc bc?
Goldish ti vn liu, mun thay 2 ch Ph nhn nhung ngh mi vn chua ra. Chiu
Li bn (v) ca :
Ci "t bt khoi" ny n khng thng nht ci ch ai bi "bt khoi". L ch ng trong cu hay l ngui
ngoi.
- rng "dim in" ai han bi mc mua th ci rung n chng "khoi", cng chng "bt khoi". Ch c ch
rung mui "bt khoi" thi.
- o tri gp ngui quen th chua chc l ch no. Du l ch no th y l t la qu ngui, ch no cng chng
lm g uoc mnh, chng khoi lm sao. c gan o tri, chng l khng c mt dy ni ngang mt ln na.
Khng phi ch no th c khi cn uoc gip l ng khc, chng khoi lm sao.
- Thi gim ng phng th "khoi" hay "bt khoi" th cn ty hon cnh. Nu nhu thi gim cn "phong luu"
(phin trai m ca ch eelings) th c l bt khoi tht, nhung nu nhu mt ht "phong luu" vi "phiu-linh",
th cn khng mau nm u con tin ph m qut cho mt trn: "Ci ng nh my m cng mun lm b tri
ca lo cng cng ny sao" cho n chay "ng phng ng da" lun chng khoi lm sao. M ngui rnh xem
ngoi ca TVE c cng ... khoi., v n "khoai khng chiu ni", cng chng khoi lm sao.
- Kim bng danh th ngui uoc danh phi khoi ch. Ch c ngui khng mun danh nhu "pham nhn"
trong s ba en ca Interpoll m bi danh tn kim bng th mi khng khoi, nhung ngui ngoi xem bng lai
khoi. Cn nhu cc th sinh "vn v song ton"m truot v chui ht cho mt "n nhn" qun thoa gi danh
chim kim bng th vi anh thu vn khoi nhu thung. Ch c my ngui ngoi xem bng l "bt khoi" thi.
Cn my vi "cng-cng" c rnh m ra xem bn tm co hi kim bac th "bt khoi chi nhi bt bt khoi", cng
nhu ci dim in thi.
Th mi bit ng chng bng ng ngh.
ng ngh Hun n lc bi chm u cho Ph Kit, inh Tung vn cn kip ngm ht cu:
Thng bai doanh thu Tri khin chiu.
Phn thn .m. a cui ng
Cng ch hai ch ". m." bung ng lc, ng ch khin cho c m bi thn ng xem vi quan thy ang
"khoi" bng thnh "bt khoi".
em n y, cc bc v ti cng chng khoi lm sao.
Nathun!
22-04-2007, 04:01 PM
Thua hai bc v Goldish,
Hm qua Natphung c bi ca bc Goldish v v t bt khoi, Natphung hoi bi cng phu (conused), hm nay
c thm li bn v ca bc Natphung lai cng thm tu ha nhp ma. V Natphung nh mang mng ci v t
khoi n khc hn nhng g hai bc ang bn lun, t khoi n cao siu d lm ch u c nhu v trn no gp
rung mui hay cng cng c tn trn bng vng.
Natphung hm ry bi T Hng qu (*) v ti n ni bng ch quc ng khng xong, lu lu c phi chm thm
ting Ph Lang Sa hay ting C Hu hoc ch Hn (ra ci iu Hn rng) mi t uoc ht ca mnh (nhu cng
phu, tu ha nhp ma), nn khng cn t tin na, Natphung ti bn tr lai my ky truc ca mc chuyn ng
chuyn Ty (cu 28) Natphung thy r rng anh hai An Chi c nghin cu nhu sau:
AN CHI: T khoi l quan nim ca ngui Vit Nam gm c: n, ng, . v i. y l bn ci th c tnh cht
sinh l. Cn t h l mt quan nim ca ngui Trung Hoa, c ngha l bn iu mng, bn iu tt lnh.c
xong cu trn Natphung khng nhng khng ht hoang mang m lai cng thm lo lng.
Hoang mang l v: h th c khoi hay khng v nguoc lai khoi th c h khng? Hnh nhu l h th chua chc
khoi nhung khoi th chc chn c h.
Lo lng l v hnh nhu v Goldish cng bi T Hng ry la d lm nn qunh qung n ni ln ln t ta sang
Tu, u cng l ti a mang, hai chn rui m i ng ti ba thuyn. Khng bit gi ny hai bc c cn bn
ci th tnh sinh (vit ngn gn t:"ci th c tnh cht sinh l" cho n hop vi thi ai) nhu anh hai nghin
cu hay khng?
Lo lng lm thay.
(*) http://vnthuquan.net/diendan/tm.aspx?m24598&mpage1&key
Li bn vng vng ca :
Anh hai An Chi th hay rach ri chuyn t nguyn, nhung u cng c chua thm l thung ngui ta (Vit)
hay dng ln ln t h v t khoi. Mt khc, din nm ca h l mng, hoc khoi mt cht, nhung din Hn()
ca khoi lai l h. Cho nn bc goldish v c nm na lung tung khoi h-khoi, khoi h th cng "th gian s
thung" (**). Chc T cng ngm ngi mt cht ri b qua.
Ci chuyn a mang ba thuyn, ba gc, cng tai ham choi vi chi H nn c mi tha-thiu, thiu tha (***).
Ni ti ci chuyn Ty tu ln ln, mi nh ci chuyn Ty ly vo Vit. m ng phng, lm xong mt cp
tam h (Nm) xong xui cho n "song h" th nghe c du mi bo ch r (Ty) "Ng h". Ch r hong hn
nhung cng rng chu c vo mi. Ai d u ti m sng mi xong ch tiu lai nghe c du th th "Ng h". Ch
r bn ku "Tri". T cc c du uoc gi l b tri.
Cn bn ci th tnh sinh m bc hi "ht hay cn" th phi hi lai ngui gi tay hm cha kha mi bit.
(**) http://www.aihuucongchanh.com/luomlat.html
(***) Chnh ra ba gc da cn thiu. Khp lai i bn thit vn tha. (H un Huong)
!ol'(ish
22-04-2007, 09:42 PM
Goldish ti khoi (lai khoi vi h) ci s v hai bc v Natphung thm hoa l cho ci chn phuong sao y
bn chnh. Do vy m Goldish ti li vo ci mc CCT ny m lo lng con c vng cho thm phn ly di lm
vui:
Chuyn ng ng k ong ngui m
Chuyn ng Ty tay lai chuyn tay
Lun bn (ra), luom lt (thm) i bi
Khi ghi (ch), khi dich (cm g) ly dai lm vi
Nathun!
23-04-2007, 10:11 AM
39. (KTNN 102, un Nhm Thn)
"Ng hnh sinh khc" l g?
AN CHI: Ng hnh l nm yu t nguyn thy: kim (kim loai), mc (g), thy (nuc), ha (la), th (t). Ng
hnh sinh khc l nm yu t nguyn thy sinh ra nhau (sinh) v trit tiu ln nhau (khc) ln luot nhu sau:
th sinh kim, kim sinh thy, thy sinh mc, mc sinh ha, ha sinh th;
th khc thy, thy khc ha, ha khc kim, kim khc mc, mc khc th.
y l mt quan nim duy vt th so bt ngun t nhng iu quan st thc t chnh xc. Chng han lng t
cha qung kim loai (th sinh kim); c nuc th cy ci mi tt (thy sinh mc); t g th ra la (mc sinh
ha), v.v.
Hoc tui nuc vo la th la tt (thy khc ha); dng la nung ch th ch s chy (ha khc kim); dng ru
cht g th g s t (kim khc mc), v.v.
T s quan st qu trnh sinh khc ny, thi c ai, ngui Trung Hoa quan nim rng ng hnh l nhng
yu t nguyn thy cu tao nn van vt.
Nathun!
23-04-2007, 10:20 AM
40. (KTNN 102, un Nhm Thn)
Ngy tt ngui ta thung ni: ng phc lm mn. Cu ny ngha l g v ng phc l nhng phc no? Hnh
nhu c hai cch hiu khc nhau? Vy cch no ng hon?
AN CHI: Ng phc lm mn l nm phc n ca, ngha l n nh. Trong tranh v, ngui Trung Hoa thung
tuong trung ng phc bng hnh nm con doi. Ngui Vit Nam th cho rng ng phc l: ph (giu), qu (sang),
th (sng lu), khang (manh khe), ninh (bnh an). Quan nim ny uoc ghi nhn trong Hn Vit t in ca
o Duy Anh. Hn Vit tn t in ca Nguyn Quc Hng, T in ting Vit do Vn Tn ch bin v T in
ting Vit 1992. Nhung chnh ngui Trung Hoa th lai da vo thin Hng Pham trong Kinh thu m quan nim
rng ng phc l: th (sng lu), ph (giu), khang ninh (manh khe bnh an), du ho c (c tt lu di),
kho chung mnh (cht v gi, ch khng cht v tai nan hoc cht non).
Trong thin "Hng pham", ng phc i vi lc cc (su iu d, tc khng lnh): hung on chit (cht nan
hoc cht non), tt (bnh tt), uu (c chuyn phi lo), bn (ngho), c (lm iu c), nich (am m - v ghi
bng ch T nn phn nhiu ngui ta phin l nhuoc v ging l yu ui hoc nhu nhuoc. Tht ra, y phi
c thnh nich l say m, chm m). i chiu k th thy du ho c i vi c cn kho chung mnh th i
vi hung on chit.
ai Nam quc m t vi ca Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca, Dictionnaire classique de la langue chinoise ca .S.
Couvreur v Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary ging ng phc ng vi quan nim ca ngui Trung Hoa,
ging nhu ging trong T nguyn v T hi l hai b t in c uy tn. Cn Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c
(ch bin) v L Ngc Tr (hiu nh) th ghi nhn c hai cch hiu nhung lai khng ni r cch no l ca ai.
V xut x ca cu ng phc lm mn l Trung Hoa cho nn cch hiu ca ngui Trung Hoa mi l cch hiu
ng n nguyn thy. Cn li hiu ca ngui Vit Nam ch l ta lm theo cch ca ta m thi.
24-04-2007, 09:04 PM
Dich hai ch Vn Miu ra ting Ty
11:10:4 02/12/2005
http://www.tiasang.com.vn/uploads/tempimage/2005/12/2/Dich20chu20van20mieu20ra20tieng
20Tay.pg
Nu mun trang bi mt tri thc ti thiu v Vn Miu- Quc T Gim ci tn gn lin vi nhng chng tch
lich s vn ha v gio dc truyn thng ca Vit Nam thi trung ai, th c l iu u tin ta cn bit l
ngha ca tn gi ny. C g u: Vn l vn chuong, vn hc; Miu l noi th cng, n th
VyVn miu ngha l miu th vn chuong (hay vn hc) C lun th uong nhin s dn ta n vic dich hai
ch Vn miu sang ting Ty l The Temple o Literature (Anh) v le Temple de la Littrature (Php), y chang
cch dich trong tm bin ng luoc gii v Vn Miu - Quc T Gim H Ni hin chn ngay truc cng khu di
tch, cng nhu trong nhiu sch v ti liu gii thiu cho du khch nuc ngoi v khu di tch lich s vn ha
nyCch dich trn tht on gin, d hiu, d gii thch. Ch c iu l saiSai th no? Truc ht xin im dich
mt s tu liu sch v ng tin cy ca Trung Quc, dn dng cc mc t lin quan n hai ch Vn miu.
gin tin, xin luoc i phn phin m Hn Vit.
Hn ng ai t in (La Trc Phong ch bin, Hn ng ai t in xut bn x, 1997) thu thp 11 ngha ca ch
Miu, trong ngha u tin cng l ngha m chng ta ang bn ti: Ci nh thi xua dng th cng thn
vi t tin (tp thuong, tr. 1982). Vn miu: Miu th Khng t. Triu ung phong Khng t lm Vn Tuyn
Vuong, gi miu th ng l Vn Tuyn Vuong miu. T i Nguyn - Minh v sau gi tt l Vn miu (tp
trung, tr. 4034).
Hn - Anh ai t in (Chinese - English Dictionary) (Ng Quang Hoa ch bin, Thuong Hi Giao thng ai hc
xut bn x, 1999, tp I, tr. 1771) ct ngha ch miu bng ting Trung Quc l Noi khi xua dng th cng
thn vi t tng, hoc thn pht, danh nhn lich s; v dich ra ting Anh l temple; shrine; oss house. Ngay
tai mc t ny cng gii ngha: Khng miu: a temple to Conucius (Khng miu: miu th Khng t).
T nguyn (Thuong v n thu qun, Bc Kinh, 1998, tr. 737) ghi: Vn miu: miu th Khng t. i ung,
nin hiu Khai Nguyn, nm th hai muoi by [739] phong Khng t lm Vn Tuyn Vuong, gi Khng miu l
Vn Tuyn Vuong miu. [...] T i Nguyn - Minh v sau thung gi l Vn miu.
T hi (Ha Chnh Nng ch bin, Thuong Hi t thu xut bn x, 1989, tr. 1732) ghi: Vn miu: Tn gi khc
ca Khng miu. Thi ung Huyn Tng, nm Khai Nguyn th hai muoi by (Cng Nguyn 739) phong Khng
t lm Vn Tuyn Vuong, nhn gi Khng miu l Vn Tuyn Vuong miu, t i Minh v sau gi Khng
miu l Vn miu i ng vi V miu (miu th Quan V, Nhac Phi) (ht trch). Ta bit rng thi Minh -
Thanh gi miu th Quan V l V miu (hai ch V vit mt ch Hn khc nhau, V trong Quan V ngha l ci
lng, V trong V miu ngha l v ngh), n thi Dn Quc phi th Quan V v Nhac Phi chung mt miu,
vn gi l V miu.
Nhn y thit tung cng nn gii by thm i iu s c, mt v ch Conucius, mt v ngha ca ch
vn.
Th nht l ch Ty Conucius, ch ny vn xut pht t m c ba ch Hn Khng phu t (Thy Khng), m
ting ph thng hin ai ngy nay c l /Kongui/ ghi theo li pinyin (cch ch m ch Hn bng mu t
Latin, uoc chnh thc s dng t nm 1958 tai Trung Quc, y khng ghi thanh iu), ta c na n nhu
kng-phu-ch trong ting Vit (vi m /k/ bt hoi). Ngui phuong Ty do khng th c h thng ng m
tuong ng tuyt i biu at ba m tit y, nn h Ty ha n qua cch ghi Con - u - cius (nhu trong
Anh ng), ngha l Khng t. i t , cn c theo cc phuong thc tao t mi, mt loat t phi sinh xut
hin: Conucianism (Nho gio, Khng hc, Khng gio, ao Khng, ao Nho); Conucian hoc Conucianist (Nho
gia, nh Nho, ngui theo ao Khng; thuc v ao Khng/Nho); Neo-conucianism: tn Khng gio, tn Nho
gio. Ting Php cng c nhng t tuong ng: Conucius, Conucianisme, Conucianiste, Noconucianisme.
Th hai l hm ngha ca ch Vn trong Vn Tuyn Vuong. Khng t uoc triu ung phong l Vn Tuyn
Vuong Ngui c tuc Vuong, c cng tuyn truyn ci vn. Vy Vn c phi l Literature v Littrature nhu
cch dich tn gi Vn miu ang dng ta? in thua: khng Ch Vn ny c ni hm rt rng, bt ngun t
mt trong sch Lun ng, thin T hn: Khng t bi ngui t Khung lm cho so hi. Ngi ni: Vn vuong
mt, ci vn ny chng phi trong ta hay sao? Nu tri inh lm mt ci vn y th k cht sau ny
khng uoc d vo ci vn y. Nu tri chua inh lm mt n th ngui Khung phng c lm g ni ta?. Ch
vn trong oan trn tr ton b l nhac gio ha, in chuong ch (Hn ng ai t in, dn, tp
trung, tr. 3832), tc tt thy nhng hin chuong php uoc s dng cai tri x hi, vy th ni hm ca
ch Vn ny rng hon hn so vi cc t Literature v Littrature trong ting Anh v ting Php vn ch mang
nhng ngha hp hon: vn chuong, vn hc, vn gii, tu liu (tham kho), n phm, nhac tp, hc vn...
(Literature v Littrature u bt ngun t litera ting Latin, ngha gc l vn t - xem ebsters New
Dictionary, Promotional Sales Books, USA, 1994, tr. 228). Sau khi Chu cng n mt, Khng t uoc coi l
ngui truyn b ci Vn y, nn ng uoc ung Huyn Tng phong lm Vn Tuyn Vuong. iu ny cng
minh chng rng gi nhu theo li trc dich (word by word, mot mot) m dich Vn miu thnh The Temple o
Literature v le Temple de la Littrature th v hnh trung thu hp ni hm vn rt rng ca khi nim Vn
nhu va ni. Ngay tai ai Bi ung trong Vn miu H Ni hin vn cn treo bc honh phi ba ch Phc tu
vn (ci vn ny phc thay).
n y c th thy:
1. Miu l noi/nh th cng thn vi t tng, hoc thn pht, hay danh nhn lich s. Khng t l mt thnh
nhn (theo li gi ca nh Nho truyn thng), mt danh nhn lich s, mt nhn vt ti quan trng i vi vn
ha truyn thng Trung Hoa, thm ch c vi cc nuc khu vc ng vn, v vy ng hon ton xng ng
uoc ua vo th phng trong miu nhm biu chuong ci ao ca thnh nhn.
2. Nm Khai Nguyn th hai muoi by i ung Minh Hong (739), Khng t uoc phong l Vn Tuyn Vuong,
nn miu th ng cng gi l Vn Tuyn Vuong miu. n khong thi Nguyn - Minh, va gi tt, va
i trng vi V miu (Vn - V), nn Vn Tuyn Vuong miu uoc gi tt l Vn miu.
Nhu vy, hai ch Vn miu dang y phi l Vn Tuyn Vuong miu (Miu th ng tuc Vuong, c cng
tuyn truyn ci vn - tc Khng t), y l nhng tn gi khc ca Khng miu (miu th Khng t). Nu
buc phi dich tn gi Vn miu th thit tung nn dng ch Anh The Temple o Conucius, hoc Conucius
temple (Hn - Anh ai t in, dn, tr. 271, in nhm l Conucious temple), hay ting Php l Temple de
Conucius, ging nhu cch hiu v dich hai ch Khng miu. Hin i Loan cng dng tn gi Khng miu,
hn l trnh vic hiu nhm khi nim (Vn) nhu ta.
Vn miu H Ni l mt sn phm vn ha ca Vit Nam. l mt sn phm vn ha ca dn tc th trm
ngh, ta nn gi tn gi Vn miu (Van mieu), khng nht thit c h thy bng ting Vit l nhm nhe dich
sang ting ny ting n, hoc gi ch nn ng m ngoc on m ct ngha bng ngoai vn ln u xut hin
khi nim m thi, cn ng Ty b m no c nh hng tm ti thm th khc t my m. Kinh nghim cho
thy, nu khng gi tn gi Ao dai, m c hm h dich thnh Vietnamese (long) dress hay g g i na, th ci
o di truyn thng ca cc b cc chi nh ta hn n by gi vn cn nm ngoi vng hiu bit ca t hi
huynh .
TONG QUN
Ging vin B mn Hn Nm,
Khoa Vn hc,
Trung ai hc Khoa hc x hi v Nhn vn,
H Quc gia H Ni
http://www.tiasang.com.vn/news?id100
Nathun!
28-04-2007, 0:54 AM
Trong sch Shen Mich Hin (Liang Shy c.48. .4) c oan:
Hn x vn (hay mt mu x vn) trng ging nhu vin ngc trai, nhung khng phi l ngc trai. Con g
con trng ging nhu con phng, nhung khng phi l con phng.
Dans le Shen Mich Hin (Liang Shy c.48. .4), on lit:
La serpentine (ou un morceau de serpentine) est semblable une perle, mais ce nest pas une perle. Un poulet
est semblable un Phnix, mais ce nest pas un Phnix.
Li ni u:
Phng l tn ca mt con chim ni ting c ngn nm nay trong i sng vn hc ngh thut v thc s nh
hung su rng vo phong tc, tp qun chu.
N c tht khng? L mt con vt hoang ung? Hay ch l con chim tr (U - hi), cn gi l d k (VW - ye
i, g rng) ca Vit Nam uoc ngui Trung Quc v Nht Bn thu dt?
Phng vin P. Jabouille vit mt bi kho cu thc nghim c o v huyn thoai con chim phng ca Trung
Quc v con tr qu him, c tht ca Vit Nam.
Bi kho cu ny uoc ng trong tap ch Thnh Hiu C (Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hu, tam c nguyt
10-12, nm 1929). Dui y l bn dich nguyn vn ca bi kho cu.
Chim phng hoang ung ca Trung Quc v chim tr m trn ca An Nam (Le Phnix abuleux de la Chine et
le aisan Ocell dAnnam)
(heinardia Ocellata - VEEAU)
par M.P. JABOUILLE, M.B.O.U.
Correspondant du Musum.
Ngui dich: Pham Vn Bn
Trong thc t, chim tr c m trn An-nam, m ngui ta thung gi dui tn Argus (g rng), l mt ging
ring bit: ging heinardia m khu vc phn tn tri di theo sun ni pha ng ca dy Trung Son, t Nha
Trang cho n Vinh.
Trong cc nm gn y, mc d chim tr l i tuong cc cng tc vin ca chuong trnh kho cu Delacour
quan st v suu tm lin tc nhung hy cn kh ky b trn nhiu im do c cng cc kh khn khi ngui ta th
tm n noi cu tr ca chim tr, cng nhu do s khn ngoan tt bc ca n trnh n tm sn bt ca cc tho
sn gii tin liu nht v kinh nghim nht.
Trong hon 200 mu thu uoc, cn sng hoc cht, t chuong trnh kho cu Delacour, khng c con no bi
sng hoc tn bn c, tt c u bi by bi ngui Kha-leus v ngui Mi ca vng ni m chng ti cp.
Ni tng qut, by uoc t ba cc khong rng trng, cc con trng trong nhy ma dn d con mi,
mt li nhy m chng ti ch c th c ung nt rt mo h trong khi quan st cc con bi bt t hon ba nm
qua. Cc con ny ny trng v, ch c mt ln duy nht, n mt chim con ch sng uoc vi tun l.
1 Cuc ch ca ngui dich:
Vo thi , ngui Php gi min Trung Vit Nam l An-nam, cn min Bc Vit Nam l x bo h v min Nam
Vit Nam l x thuc ia. Lin bang ng Duong thuc Php (dration de lIndochine ranais), c nm bang
do Php chia ra tri: min Bc Vit Nam (le Tonkin, hay ng Ngoi), min Trung Vit Nam (lAnnam), Laos,
Cambodge v min Nam Vit Nam (la Cochinchine, hay ng trong). aisan Ocell: tr m trn, cn gi l tr
sao. Theo Nguyn Nhu , ai t in ting Vit, Nxb Vn Ho Thng tin, 1999, pp. 1704-1705:
Tr : tr qu him, c Cao Bng, Lang Son, Qung Ninh, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Bc Can, Thi Nguyn, b lng
nhiu mu sc p, u v truc c xanh lc, nhng phn cn lai mu nu hung , nu vng vi cc chm
en, ui di nh, mt nu , m v chn mu sng, sng vng i ni thp nhiu cy bi nh, n ng cc,
hat c dai v cn trng.
Tr sao: tr qu him, c H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Tha Thin-Hu, Gia Lai, Lm ng v Vun quc gia Bach M,
b lng nu ti c cc chm trng, nu hung v en, ui di, mt nu, m hng, chn nu pht hng, khng
c ca, lm t ngay trn mt t trong rng m, hai trng vng sm pht hng c chm li ti ta.
Chng ti cng m rng ti v ging g ny trong nhiu tc phm hoc bi vit 2 ,cng nhu truc khi thng
qua ti ca bi vit ny, chng ti ch mun ni ln cc trung hop m chim tr uoc khm ph v khng
inh.3
Gia cc nm 1850 v 185, J. Verreaux l nh ph t thin nhin hc ca Vin Bo Tng Paris, rt ngac nhin
truc phc trnh v cc khc bit ca vi cng lng ui - khng r xut x - ca chim tr M Lai (Argus de
Malaysie - Argusianus Argus) v cc lng uoc tm thy trong b suu tp ca Vun Tho Mc (Jardin des
Plantes).4 Tin chc rng cc lng ny thuc v mt ging m cc nh iu hc chua bit n, ng nghi t
tn l chim tr c m trn (Argus Ocellatus), uoc nhiu nh bc hc chp thun ngay, nhu Ch. Bonaparte,
G.. Gray, v.v.
Mi cho n nm 1871, cc khc bit ny mi uoc D. G. Elliot 5 m t chi tit; trong tp chuyn kho v ging
g vo nm 1872, trong cung cp mt bn khc mu uoc ti lp theo ng hnh th t nhin ca mt trong
cc lng ui ca chim tr m trn.
Hnh ng ny gip bt kch ng chng ng t mt s nh thin nhin hc qua mt cuc vn ng d ton
cng cc li ph bnh chua cht: ngui th co buc rng ng ly lng ca con cng m bo l lng ca ging
chim chua uoc bit n, ngui th diu cot rng ng mun p t tn cho mt con chim m ngui ta ch mi
bit mt t chi tit, v.v...
Chc chn trong nim tin ca mnh, D. G. Elliot5 oi n nm 1882 mi thuyt phc cc ngui chng i qua
bng chng thc t ca cc khm ph ca ng, v cng chnh ng hiu bit v xut x tht s ca chim tr
m trn.
Thc vy, vo nm , Vin Bo Tng Paris nhn uoc hai mu ton vn ca con chim ang tranh ci, v c hai
u c cng mt xut x: min Trung An-nam.
2 echerches ornithologiques, par DELACOU et JABOUILLE, 1925, p. 12, 2 pls
echerches ornithologiques, id - 1927, page 10.
L' Oiseau , 1924. N 10, 2 pls.
L' Oiseau , 1927. Ns 10 et 11, pl. en couleur du poussin et de l'u.
Ibis, l925, page 221.
Ibis, 1928, p. 31.
3 N. Arch, Mus , Pari s,1884, p. 255
4 Nhiu du khch thc s thy trong tay ca ngui An-nam cc cng lng m h khng th bo co thuc
ging chim no c. cng l iu chng ti tm thy trong Toung Pao, 1904, n 5, p.553, chuyn du hnh
An-nam vo nm 1819-20 ca Capitaine ey, khi ng ny n ving Ng Hnh Son, gn Nng. "Gia cc nt
tuyt p ca th gii loi chim ca x ng Trong, ti tin rng c mt ging chim m cc nh iu hc chua
bit n. Ti thy mt cng lng on l... dung nhu ging chim ny rt him... n sng vng ni Ph Yn
khng th lo hnh n uoc v v nhng ch him tr nht. Dn ng Trong gi n l Kim-try hoc chim
thn. N ln c con b cu, c m, u en, c trng, cnh mu vng, bng v ui mu xm tro. im phi
thung ca chim l ci ui c vi cng lng di hon tm b. Cng lng m ti thy, mc d bi ct bt, vn
cn di hon nm b. Dn ng Trong ngh rng l cch ha trang bt ma qu." Mc d chi tit c vi sai
lm, nhung r rng con chim ni y l con heinardte ca An-nam, khng th nghi ng g c.
5Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1871. VIII, p. 119
Mu th nht uoc nh thin nhin hc Maingonnat mua vi gi 2,000 r. t Thiu T heinardt, ty vin Ta
Cng S Hu. Mu kia do ng Le Myre de Villiers, lc l Thng c ng Trong, nhn uoc t Chnh ph An-
nam v gi n Vin Bo Tng sau mt cht.
uoc trnh by vo ngy 12--1882 tai Hip Hi Th Vt Php, mu th nht ln luot uoc t tn l Argus
heinardi, ri heinardia Ocelata, henardius Ocellatus, cui cng heinardtius Ocellatus: nguyn tc uu tin v
tn trng chnh t khin ngy nay chim tr m mang tn l "heinardia Ocellata" (J. Verreaux).
Chim tr m trn uoc m t ln u tin mt cch trn vn trong t bo "Khoa Hc ai Chng" (Science pour
tous) ngy 8-7-1882, v vo thng 9-1882, t "Thin Nhin" (La Nature) tao hnh bng g.
Hai mu ca Vin Bo Tng l hai con chim trng v u xut pht t vng ni pha Ty thnh ph Hu. Dr.
Philipp, cng l ty vin To Cng S, nhanh chng gi cc tin tc kh chi tit v con chim ny m phn ln l
chnh xc m sau ny, chng ta c th kim chng lu di.
Nh ng m chng ta bit rng mu m Thiu T heinhardt gi, nhn t linh mc enauld, gim c nng
trung Ba-Truc (cch 20 cy s v pha Ty Hu), do cc ngui Mi trong vng mang n; chim uoc lm sng
lai nhung bi thuong.
Sau khi chim cht, vi linh mc lm da cho n, v l thu gi km theo b da ghi: "y l con chim trng. Thit
mu sm, rt ngon ging nhu thit g li. y thc s l mn n ngon cho ba com ti.
Sau , cng vi linh mc ny tm ra mt trong cc ging chim ng duong (Indochine) hp dn nht, l con
cu t hay Carpoccoccyx enauldi, v ging nhu con chim tr m trn, dung nhu n mun t tao mt th vui
ranh mnh bng cch chay vut khi nh mt mt ca k t m v suu tm, mc d ch ca n ( o Ph
Gia v Hi Vn) c v nhu mun giao np n truc s soi mi ca v s du khch i ngang qua.
Cc khm ph ca chuong trnh kho cu Pavie, ca Dr Harmand, ca Hu tuc Barthlmy dung nhu hi phc
cc cuc nghin cu v lich s thin nhin, sau mt khong thi gian di ng yn v rt him hoi c cc nh
suu tp quan tm n h ng vt ny; ch cc nm gn y ngun ti nguyn mi ca ng Duong li ko
s quan tm tr lai.
cng l l do chuong trnh kho cu Delacour uoc thnh lp nhanh chng vi s h tro ca Chnh quyn
ng Duong v mt trong cc mc ch chnh ca n l ti kho cu con Chim Tr m Trn m u chu
ngui ta ch bit qua hai b da do Vin Bo Tng Paris thu uoc vo nm 1882 v sau khng cn nghe ni
n.
Chng ta c th ni rng kt qu ca ot vn ng ln u tin ra ngoi cc tin liu lac quan nht khi bit
rng ch trong hai thng, cc ngui Kha-leus kim cho chng ta gn 0 con chim ny; nhung ri ro l s
khng hiu bit ca chng ta v bnh bach hu khng cho php chng ta nui dung uoc con no cn sng
cho n khi ti Php (Paris), cc con cn lai cht tm ngy sau khi n b Marseille.
Thc ra, nhiu Tho cm vin u chu v vi ngui choi chim ti t c nui chim Tr m trn An-nam v nu
mt cp trng trong khi bi nui nht Hu th nhiu cp u chu cng trng.
Trong bn chin dich ca chuong trnh kho cu Delacour, ngui ta nhn thy noi ca ging chim ny bt
buc chng Duong m thi, ngui An-nam cng ni nhu vy, bi v chng ta c th xc nhn ch c bit
sun ni m Lo ca dy Trung Son mi c th cho co hi gp chim tr.
Truc ht, khng c g ng ngac nhin khi ti thy mt trong cc nh iu hc ni ting ngui Nht, ng U.
Hachisuka va ng trong tap ch Transactions Meii Japan, s III, 1925, tr. 1-13, mt bi vit cha nhiu ti
liu v con chim Phng ni ting ca Trung Quc, mt con chim hoang ung trong cc huyn thoai c in, m
trong thc t chng qua ch l con chim Tr m Trn ca An-nam. Th theo li yu cu ca ti, ng U.
Hachisuka vui lng giao cho ti bi nghin cu ca ng, cho php ti ng trong tp san Thnh Hiu C
(Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hu) bi ny khng bi lng qun.
Do , ti xin php ng y mt bn dich kh cht ch v kh st vi bi nghin cu c ta :
Nhn din con chim Phng ca Trung quc
Hai con chim hoang ung thung uoc ni n trong cc tc phm c in ca Trung Quc v Nht Bn, uoc
gi tn Trung quc l Phng Hong v Loan v Nht Bn vi tn H-O v an (Luan).
Con th nht trong hai con uoc gi l "Phoenix."7 trong ting Anh.
Do c s tuong ng trong m t v ti lp hnh nh ca hai con chim ny, nhiu ngui, nht l Nht Bn,
ngh rng chng l mt ging, v phn ln ngh s trnh by chng trao cho chng cc tn quen thuc trong
vng ca h nhu G rng, Cng, v cc loai tr.
Cuc ch ca ngui dich: chim trng gi l phng (hay phuong X eng, thuc b iu Y) cn chim mi gi l
hong (Z huang, thuc b k [: ci gh) v loan ( \ luan), mt loai chim phng.
7 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: Trch The New Lexicon ebster's Dictionary o the English Language, p. 755: Phng
(thn thoai Ai cp) l mt ging chim c b lng rc r, uoc t thn Mt Tri, ti sinh t tro ca ng ci ha
tng m n t lm cho n khi mi khong thi gian sinh sng t 500 hay 00 nm mn. (Phoenix (Egypt .
mythol.) a bird o gorgeous plumage, sacred to the sun, reborn rom the ashes o the uneral pyre which it
made or itsel when each lie span o 500 or 00 years was over).
Mt tin tung uoc chp nhn chung l cc con chim ny ch xut hin khi quc gia uoc yn tri, cc nh iu
hc Vin ng ngh rng khng cn phi khng inh chnh xc, xem nhu cc truyn huyn thoai thun ty.
Mc d Trung quc v Nht Bn hai ging chim ny uoc vit ch ging nhau nhung lai c khc nhau; tuy
nhin, cch pht m ting Nht hin ai uoc phn ln gii c thm quyn v ngn ng xem l ng nht vi
ting Trung quc lc so khai.
Tc gi ca nhng dng ch ny c inh trnh by vn theo quan im ca ngui nht, mc d s hiu bit
v ging chim ny c ngun gc t Trung quc.
H (] Peng bng) l ch xua nht tuong ng vi ngha ca ch "chim"; sau t lu ch H (X eng, Phng)
uoc sng tao nhung hai ch ny uoc dng y nhu nhau trong cng mt ngha.
Mt thnh ng xua ni rng "khi chim Phng (X ) bay th mt by chim khc bay theo, m ti c ngn con."
Theo sch Thuyt Vn (^_Shuo en), ch H (] Peng bng) c ngha l "ban ng hnh," v ngui ta hy
cn dng ngha ny trong c hai nuc, mc d ngha nguyn thy bin mt.
Vo thi ky truc khi ch H (X eng, Phng) tr nn thng dng, mt ch H th ba xut hin v uoc dng
vi cng mt ngha nhu ch H (X eng, Phng). Nu tra t in T Nguyn (`a Ci Yuan, ngun gc ca vn
chuong, ch ngha), chng ta thy cc tin tc sau y:
Cm (loi chim) l ng vt c lng v, th l ng vt c lng mao, ra l ng vt c mu, c l ng vt c
vy v ngui l ng vt tri li. 8
Nhu vy ch trng (b ) uoc dng trong ngha tng qut l "ng vt," mc d ngy xua ch trng (b chong)
hay (cchong, su b) c ngha khc vi ngy nay.
Nu chng ta thm ch cnh bn canh ch trng (su b) th thnh ch Phng ( - eng X ) ngha l "chim."
9
Ch ny uoc dng t thi nh Hn (d); truc thi ky ny ch Phng (X)uoc dng mt cch tng qut
ch ngha chim.
8 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: C nhn dng ch trng (b) gi tt cng vt, th d v trng (eb) l loi
chim mao, mao trng (fb) l loi th, v.v.
9 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: Tc gi nhm ln oan ny v trong ch Hn ln ch Nht u vit nhu nhau:
ch ch phng (X eng, thuc biu Y) cn chim mi gi l hong (Z huang, thuc b k [: ci gh); c hai
khng lin quan g n ch cnh chim (vit l s g chi (hay yi dc).
H (X eng) din t cng mt ngha vi H-O (XZ eng Huang, Phng Hong), v, cho n th k th nht, O
(Z Huang) uoc vit on gin l O (h Huang), nhung sau ngui ta thm vo ch "cnh," ch r vn l
ch chim. 10
Mt ch khc l ch Yn c cng ngha vi hai ch Phng Hong; tn Yn xut pht t huyn thoai sau: "Tt c
loi chim u ci u truc chim Yn. C 30 v trng v Yn tr thnh ch ca tt c; v mi ging chim tun
theo n.
iu ny gii thch cho chng ta rng i khi chng ta thy cu: "Mt con chim m cc con chim khc ci u
truc n.
Trn y gii thch ch H (X eng) v H (i peng, chim bng, ging chim to nht) c cng mt ngha, nhung
sch Trang T (jk huang i) c truc sch Thuyt Vn 500 nm lai c mt cu chuyn rt ph bin Trung
quc v Nht Bn v ch H nhu sau:
Ngy xua c mt con c khng l di hng ngn hi l, sng bin Bc v ngui ta ku l con Cn (Kun). Con
c ny bin thnh "chim," ngui ta ku l chim bng (i peng).
Phn ln lich s ca con chim qui vt ny c du vt ca bin v ngun gc ca n l c. Ngha ca ch Bng
(i ) dn dn thay i v Trung quc v Nht thc s ch c ngha l mt ng vt siu nhin.
Ch Kun cng bi thay i hon ton v ngy nay, trong ting Nht hin ai, c ngha l c nh, ging nhu
ting Nht Zako (lma yu tap ngu).
Cn tn H-O, cc oan trch dui y chng t rng vn hin hu ca ging chim ny l c thc v khng
phi do tr tung tuong:
- Trong sch I Lin: C 10 chim Phng con trong t vi m chng.
- Trong sch Pao PO Tu (th k th tu): Ngy xua, khi nuc no bnh yn, chim H lun lun lm t nuc
v Hong Ha Hu (+n ia Hou) l ngui u tin n trng chim H. Sau chim Phng bin mt." iu
ny chng minh chim Phng uoc xem l c sinh sn.
- Trong sch Shai Hai Ching: "Cu dn Hsuan-Yuan n trng ca chim Phng v ung nuc cam l (ogan lu).
- Trong sch Chu-Tu: "C ngui lm mt lng chim ct cho con H-O, nhung cnh ca n qu ln v n khng
th chui vo lng uoc.
- Trong sch Tung Ming Chi: "Mt quan ai thn tu vi vua, "Ha thn i du lich hung ng v bt uoc mt
con H con c chn mu trong mt khu rng rng c ngn l.
Nu xt ch Loan (an), dt s cng cho chng ta d kin chim Loan c tht.
10 em cuc ch s 9 trn.
- Trong sch Erh Ya I: "Ngy xua, Hong Chi Piu c mt con Loan lm th vui. Hong mun nghe chim
ht nhung khng uoc tha mn. Hong hu ni vi ng: Ti lun nghe ni rng chim ch ht khi n thy mt
con khc cng ging. Tai sao khng t n tru971c guong phn nh hnh bng n?
Hong nghe theo li khuyn; nhung con Loan khi thy bng n, bung ra ting ku y o no, p cnh v
cht.
C ba con chim ng sc, Diu Son, con th nht gi l chim Hong (ZY huang niao hong iu), th hai
chim Loan (\Y luan niao loan iu), v th ba chim Phng (XY eng niao phng iu).
Chng ta thy rng hai trong ba con chim, chim Hong v chim Phng trng nhau; cc oan trch dui y cho
thy mt bn l chim Phng v Hong v bn kia l chim Loan.
- Chim Loan kt ban vi chim Phng (Li-Po).
- Chim Loan xp ngay sau chim Phng (Jui Yunghua pqr rui ying hua Thy ng ha)
C hai hay ba chim b n ch uoc ni n trong cc tc phm xua v ngui ta khng tm thy, theo nhu ti bit,
trong cc thi phm. Trich vn:
- Con Yo-Tu l chim Phng con.
- Con Yuan-Chu uoc m t trong sch Chau Pen Chi (stu hou ben i Chu Bn K) nhu l mt ging chim
Phng. (Ghi ch ca Linta).
- Chim phng con gi l Yo-Tu. (Ghi ch ca Chin Ching, bi Chang Hua).
T m t trn, chng ta c th kt lun rng Yo-Tu l chim Phng con m b lng cn c ba nm hon
chnh. Trong sch Chu Bn K, Yuan Chu uoc xem l ting ng ngha vi Phng.
Ti tin rng phi nu ra m t trn v ti khng tm thy mt khc bit no gia hai con chim. C ba u gi l
Phng, nhung thc t chng c ngha ring:
1) Con th nht l con g nuc.
2) Con th hai, mt ging chim dui nuc, ging nhu con ngng.
3) Con th ba l con hi u.
Chim loan cng c hng t ting ng ngha; ti c th bo m bng vi con s t: loan iu thy iu x th
an phng v tung ha x dc n ch th ph chu tuc chu thanh phng (\YpY x vwXexy x z x {|}
~}X). Nhu vy, con chim hin hu no c th dng nhn din lm cn bn trong cc tin tc trn?
11 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: c hai ch Hn khng c uoc v mt ch Hn khng ly ra t NJ Star uoc nn
nh du .
em tip phn 2
Nathun!
28-04-2007, 0:59 AM
Tip phn 1
Tm luoc:
1) l ging chim sng trn t v kh nhiu trng.
2) N phi c nhiu nm c b lng hon chnh.
3) Thy r rng ging trng, mi.
Trong sch Shen Mich Hin (Liang Shy c. 48. . 4), c oan:
Hn x vn (hay mt mu x vn) trng ging nhu vin ngc trai, nhung khng phi l ngc trai. Con g
con trng ging con phng, nhung khng phi con phng.
t ra iu ny chng t rng con chim uoc kho cu c nt ging vi con g trng nui ca chng ta.
V phn ti, ti tin rng trong thc t, chim Phng l con chim Tr m Trn (heinardia Ocellata) trong khi
chim Loan l con chim tr aisan Argus (Argusianus) bi cc l do sau y:
Trong cc m t xua v chim Phng Hong, cng nhu chim Loan, ging chim ny c u g trng, c rn, cm
n, lung ra v ui c. N c nm mu v chiu cao vo khong su b. em xt ring mi mt chi tit ny v
chng ta thy tht s c con chim tr m trn:
1) u g trng: hnh dang ci u ca Tr m Trn hin nhin rt ging u g trng.
2) C rn: Khng ch ci c y ti truc,ng thng nhu con rn m chim tr cn c da gn tri li.
3) Cm n: im ny cn l m kh hiu.
4) Lung ra: Lung chim Tr m trn An-nam c dng khng u gia cc chm v ln gach ngang. cnh bn
trong, cc im xp u hon v ging hnh lc gic. cnh bn ngoi, cc im uoc ni bng ung thng v
thc s trng nhu mt ci mu ra. Vi sch xua so snh lung chim Phng ging vi da cp hon l vi mu ra, v
Darwin (Descent O Man Vol. II, p. 141) cng so snh tuong t khi vit v b cnh ca chim tr:
B lng mang cc du gach sm nghing mt cch p mt v cc dy m chm nhu mt tng hop mu sa
ca cp v beo.
5) ui c: ui ca hai con chim, nht l ca chim Tr m Trn ging nhu ui con c khi n vi tr bnh li,
dp hai bn.
) Ng sc: y c s kh khn phn bit cc mu nu ra trong cc tc phm c in, tr khi mu uoc so
snh vi vt uoc bit r, nhu u khu, bin, mu v.v. Hu qu l khng th o su im ny nu khng c
cc cuc suu tm lu di.
7) Chiu cao su b12: Ti bit rng trong nhiu vng ca Trung quc, b di ca b nh hon nhiu so vi b
di m ngui ta dng ngy nay, ngay c trong cng mt vng. Khng th ni rng cc o lung ny c p dng
cho chim hay khng, hon th na, chng ta khng bit c phi chim uoc o t u xung chn t trn mt
t hay khng, hay t u n ui khi chim u trn cnh.
S kin l ngui Trung quc rt v tm khi s dng con s: h c khuynh hung phng ai v ua nh s trn.
Th d: "Mt con g con chn mu trong mt khu rng rng ngn l, - mt con Phng ng sc.
S phin dich hay nht cho cc cu tuong t ch on gin l b lng bin i hay c nhiu mu sc. l
cc c im v hnh dng.
By gi chng ta xem xt ting ku ca chim. Ti chua bao gi c co hi nghe ting ku ca chim tr Argus,
cng nhu Tr m Trn, nhung trong sch "Chim sn n , Min in, v Tch Lan" (Les Oiseaux de
Chasse de lInde, de Birmanie, et de Ceylan) ca Hume, Marshall, trang 101, chng ti thy oan sau y:
Ting ku do con trng pht ra c th ghi: How-How, uoc n lp lai t 10 n 12 ln, ku vang tng chp khi
n ng ring l trong rng trng, mt con bt u ku v cc con khc gn p ng.
Ting sng bn vo by kh i ngang qua khng ngn uoc n ht. Ting ku ca con mi khc hn; pht ra
nhu How-Owoo, How-Owoo, m cui ko rt di, v ting ku lp lai t 10 n 12 ln, nhung cng lc cng
nhanh cho n ting ku cui th tr nn mt dy Owoo. Ting ku ca con trng v mi nghe rt xa, nht l
ting con trng, c th nhn bit t xa hon mt dm.13
oan vn ny bo co v chim tr: Theo ng M. Beebe, ting ku ca chim tr ng nht vi chim Tr m trn
(heinardia Ocellata). Theo ti, s quan st ny khin ti ngh rng ch eng ch con trng, cn Huang ch con
mi. C xy ra vic lp lai on gin ca ting ku ca chim tr. Ngui ta tm thy th d ca s bt chuc nhip
nhng ting ku trong nhiu vng khc nhau. V vy ti ng rng cch t tn ia phuong ca chim tr m trn
ng Ngoi v bn o M Lai, v chim tr M Lai, Sumatra v Borno cng ch on gin l s lp lai ting
ku ca cc chim ny.
Trong tp chuyn kho v chim tr (Monographie des aisans, Vol. IV, p. 118), M. Beebe luu nhu sau:
i vi l tai ca ngui M Lai, chim tr trng gi l Kuan v Kuang; i vi ngui hoang d Sakai l wak, i
vi ngui im l Kyek, cn dn ia phuong Sumatra phin dich ting ku ra Kweau hay Kuaow. Tt c tr
nn tn dng gi ging chim ny tai mi mt vng, tt c u c ngun gc tuong thanh.
12 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: b: on vi o lung, di 0.33 mt.
13 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: dm: on vi o lung, di 1,482 mt.
Thc t, nu chim Phng Trung quc v chim Tr m Trn cng mt ging th lm sao gii thch c im
hoang ung ca chim Phng v tt c huyn thoai lin quan?
Hu nhu khng th no git mt con chim tr bng sng sn uoc. Chim Tr m trn cn kh bt hon, iu ny
chng minh cho s kin rng ch c bn Vin Bo Tng trn ton th gii c vi mu con chim ny.
Trong tp chuyn kho v chim tr (Monographie des aisans, Vol. IV) M. Beebe luu :
Cc iu b n nht ca chim tr nm ngay trong nhm chim ny. Chng ti sng gn , chng ti nghe ting
ku ca chng, chng ti tm thy ch chng nhy ma, v, sau nhiu tun l tm kim, chng ti khng th
ngay c thong thy mt con no c. Tng m qua, ting ku ca chng quanh ti khong vi trm thuc,
cng hung nhu ting chim tr, nhung vi m thanh ic tai khng sao ln ln. Chng ti khng th khng hi
tung n vi con chim Phng tung tuong ca Trung quc.
Sc thi b n ca ging chim ny, kt hop vi c im ca n, gii thch huyn thoai chung quanh n.
Cc tc phm c in Trung quc vin dn nhiu ln khc nhau mt con Phng trng v mt con Loan trng m
cc nh thin nhin hc hin ai khng bao gi ni l chim tr m trn hay chim tr bi chng bach tang.
Thung thy chng bach tang trong cc con chim lm con thit sn. Nhu vy cng rt c th tm ra mu trong
cc chim Tr m Trn hoc chim Tr. Trung quc, s khm ph duy nht v con chim tr bach tang uoc xem
nhu mt im tt: n bo hiu mt giai oan thi bnh, hay s ra i ca mt thnh nhn mi, hay mt bin c
quan trng; cng tm thy cng mt nim tin Nht Bn. Ngui ta ghi nhn cc kt qu tt p qua s
kin dng chim tr trng ln cc Hong Ten-Chi, Temmu v Shotoku.
Nhung s hin din ca chng bach tang trong chim tr th him hoi Trung quc v Nht Bn hon l Anh
quc noi m ti t quan st hon na t mu cho Cambridge vo ma va qua, cn Vin ng ngui ta
him khi gp mt mu trong nhiu nm.
Mt bc tranh Trung quc xua biu l chim Phng khoi dy vi cuc tho lun, bi v n cho thy mt s
tuong t phn no vi con Cng. Gio su Giles, trong Adversaria Sinica (1905) vit: Chim Phng v chim
Loan uoc v hnh trong Tu Shu Chi Cheng v ti uoc nh iu hc thng thi Gio Su A. Newton cho php
ni rng theo ng, con th nht ch l cng trnh ca vi ngh s thy con cng, v c bit n l ging cng
n . Trong cng ngha , Gio Su Newton ngh rng con Loan c ngun gc l chim tr Borno v
Malacca.
Nhu vy c th hai con chim hoang ung ny ca Trung quc on gin l s nhn thc v hai con chim ny.
Nhu ti ni, ti chia s kin vi Gio Su Newton v chim tr, nhung ti c l do khin ti tch khi ng khi
ng nhn din chim Phng v con Cng. y l nhng l do:
Ch Khng (kong, cn c l Cng), ngha en l "ci l" v gii thch bi hnh dng ci ui ca n nhu
mang con mt. Hoc, ch ny khng xut hin trong bt c tn xua no ca chim Phng. Mt khc, nhiu ting
ghp Trung quc v Nht bn c cha ch Phng.
1) Con vit u Phng (Xkeng tou ya i phng u p t) hay con vit c mng, trong ci mng roi v
pha sau nhu trung hop chim tr heinardte, khc vi mng thng ng ca con cng.
2) Cy c c ui Phng: phng v tiu: Cycas revoluta.
3) C vng ui Phng: Xm eng wei in yu phng v kim ngu.
Khng c t ng no c th p dng cho con Cng m ci mng v ui khng c lin h no vi cc vt ny.
Gio su Giles k lai lich s ca n thn c con chim Phng lm ban ng hnh (Si ang Mu Ty Vuong
Mu). ng ngh rng n thn ny tuong uong vi n thn La M Junon, ngui lun lun c con cng i theo.
Nhung ti tm ra mt huyn thoai xua v mt bc tranh ca n thn vi con cng: ~ (kong que ming
wang, Khng Tuc minh vuong) hay ~ (kong que wang mu pu sa Khng Tuc Vuong Mu B Tt)
trong cc vn bn Nht, v l ch m ngui ta minh ha con cng n .
N thn mang tn ting Phan l Ma Vu La hay Ma Do La, Mayura (con cng); ti ngh rng nu chng ta c vi
n thn ging nhu n thn Junon trong truyn huyn thoai, rt c th l n thn Cng m lich s ca n
xut pht t n , truyn n Nht bn ngang qua Trung Quc.
Gio su apson, mt nh Phan hc trc tuyt, vit cho ti rng nhiu vi thn n c lin quan n con cng,
nhung kh ni rng c mt trong cc n thn c lin quan n n thn Junon: v vy ti khng th xc nhn
iu g v ti ny.
Nhung ti hy vng cung cp cc l do thuyt phc c gi rng con chim Tr m Trn (heinardia
Ocellata) c ton quyn yu cu l cng mt ging vi con chim Phng ca Trung quc.
chm dt, ti ngh rng do sai lm m tn ca chim Phng uoc dng ch cc con chim hoang ung ca
Trung quc, bi v ngui ta khng tm ra du vt ca huyn thoai phc sinh t ng tro tn, ging nhu trung
hop con chim Phng Ai cp.
V th ti ngh l ng tic khi ngui ta khng dng t ng H-Ow, mt t ng nhc n ting ku ca con chim
nhiu hon bt c ci tn no khc ca n.
*
* *
Khng nht thit phi l nh thin nhin hc ngac nhin v phn ln cc tho lun ca nh thng thi Nht
bn. Chng ta khng c g thm vo cc l lun m ng kho lo rt ta t vn chuong, ngn ng Trung
quc v Nht Bn, cng cc c im ca con chim.
Tuy vy, chng ta c th nhn thy rng ng khng rt ta ht phn m ngui ta c th nhn uoc t lich s
ca An-nam, mt qu kh m ng U. Hachisuka t ra cng chc chn bit cc nt ln ca n, v c bit hon,
trong mi lin quan ca n vi ngui ng huong ca ng.
Thc ra, trn quan im m chng ta quan tm, hon ton ng luu rng phn t An-nam - noi chim tr m
trn - nhiu ln bi chim ng hoc lui ti trn vn hoc mt phn bi ngui Trung quc v ngui Nht t
th k th III truc Ty lich cho n th k th VI v VII.
Bnh inh (Tnh Qui Nhon) nm v pha Bc Tnh Nha Trang, l bin gii pha Nam ca vng m ngui ta tm
thy chim tr m trn. T nm 1282 n 1284, thy c qun i Trung quc-Mng C Bnh inh v vo
th k th V ham i Mng C bi chn ng y truc khi quay v Java.
Vo th k th III truc Ty lich, tnh Qung Nam (ao), lc gi l Tuong Qun, c mt th ph ca ngui
Trung quc vng Tr Kiu. Ngui Trung quc chim ng vng ny trong nhiu th k sau , v trong th k
th III, dui i nh Hn, huyn Tuong Lm vn cn hin hu.
Nm 351 sau Ty lich, ngui Trung quc xua ui ngui k vi h l ngui Chm, ri h lai xut hin vo nm
44, nm 05, sau mi mt ln chinh phat ny l s chim ng lu di hay ngn ngi.
iu ng luu l ng ngay tai phn ni non ca vng ny, cng nhu vng Tha Thin v Qung Nam, ngui
ta thung thy chim trm trn nht, mt ging chim uoc dng lm trang im cho v cng hay din vin
ca sn khu An-nam.
Tnh Tha Thin (Hu) bi chim ng nm 214 truc Ty lich v tao thnh huyn Si-Kiuan, tc l mt trong
nm huyn ca Tuong Qun. Ngui Trung quc ti xut hin tai y vo u th k th I.
Tnh Qung Tri, noi chim tr m trn gp nhau cch tnh khong 30 cy s, hon ton bi Trung quc chim
ng trong mt thi gian di. Dui triu Hn, n l mt phn ca huyn Nht Nam, t nm 05 n 17, dui
triu Ty, n tao thnh huyn Lm p, dui triu ung, n tr thnh chu Kin.
V pha Bc Qung Tri, dui triu Hn, Qung Bnh (ng Hi) thuc v huyn Nht Nam, nm 05 tr thnh
qun Ti Cnh (Pi-Yin) v t nm 27 n 47, l chu Nam Canh (Nan-Ying).
Dui triu Hn, H Tnh sp nhp vo qun Cu Chu v ti nm 24 nhp vo Cu c. Dui triu Ty, n l
trung tm qun ca Nht Nam. Nm 27, dui triu ung, n tch khi chu Hoan tr thnh ph Duong
Lua.
Cui cng, Ngh An, gii han pha Bc ca ia bn phn tn chim tr m trn, v chu c dui triu Luong;
nm 598 gi l chu Hoan, tch khi qun Nht Nam dui triu Ty (nm 07), cui cng l chu Nam c nm
22 u triu ung.
V pha ngui Nht, chng ta tm thy du vt hin din ca h An-nam ngay t cc th k u ca lich s. L
thuong gia v hng hi dng cm, h tao thnh cc on di dn, hng bun m sau cng phn thinh nht l
Hi An, ch bin mt vo th k th VII khi Hong Nht ra sc ch nm 13 cm dn ra ngoai quc v ra
linh cho nhng ngui ngoai quc tr v Nht. aio gi gn lu di s tch ca nhm di dn: mt cy cu v
cc ngi m l cc chng tch duy nht cn tn tai n ngy nay.
Chng ta cng khng qun nhc lai, nhu quan Nguyn Hu Bi, Ch Tich Hi ng Ni Cc An-nam, luu ti
rng cc sch s ca triu nh vit v phm vt triu cng hng nm ca vua An-nam dng cho hong
Trung quc c cho thy rng thuc v nghi l l chim tr heinardtes nhung qu hon lai l chim heinardtes
trng (bach tang).
Nguoc thi gian, cc cng phm ny bt u t cc th k u tin ca Ty lich. V vy by gi ngui ta
chng minh uoc lm th no m ngui Trung quc v Nht Bn tin trin song song nuc h - qua con
ung ca cc ngui k truyn v vn gia - lich s ca chim tr m trn ngay lp tc ng gia cc huyn
thoai v cc con vt hoang ung, phi thung, nhu phong tc ca cc nuc ny cho chng ta bit bao th d.
S him hoi chim tr xy ra ngay trong nhng vng n , s cc ky kh khn khng ch kim uoc n m cn
nhn bit n, tt c iu ny gia tng c im ky la, phi thung i km vi n cng nhu trong cc huyn thoai
v tiu thuyt ngh thut, tuong, tranh, bch ha, v.v.
i vi ai km tin liu, cc im tuong ng gia chim Tr m Trn v chim phng uoc trnh by r
rng.14
Cn v cc khc bit, ti tin rng d gii thch do s kin l chc chn c s ln ln trong tm tr ca cc ngh s
gia chim Tr m Trn v con Cng i vi vi c im ph cn lai.
14 Cuc ch ca ngui dich: locution: sauter aux yeux: r rng, hin nhin.
Do , ui ca chim Phng thung uoc trnh by pha cht ui c mang mt con mt tuong t phn cui
ca con cng, trong lc trong thc t, ui ca chim Phng ch c cc m trn v tn cng bng im nhn.
Chim Phng cng thy vi cc mu sng ng, xanh, xanh l cy v lm nh lai mu ca con con Cng,
nhung trong tng th th mu ca chim Tr m Trn l mt mu nu p, im mu vng nhat.
Nhung s ln ln ny rt d hiu do s kin l trong tt c vng gp chim tr, ngui ta cng tm thy con Cng
v con ny lai ph bin v d thy hon l chim tr.
Cui cng ti xin thm rng thung th tho sn ch mang v cc lng ui ca con th sn uoc nhu mt chin
tch v iu ny cn l mt nguyn nhn ca sai lm hay ln ln rt d hiu.
Ghi ch ca :
Mc d tc gi nghin cu kh cng phu, nhung c l tht ra ngui Trung Quc ngy xua cng khng ln ln
con phng (phuong) trong t linh v con tr k, mt loai chim him ca phuong nam. Ai tng c qua b Phong
Thn chc cng bit b ba h ly tinh (nhp c K lm mu nghi thin ha i mo Cu Phng), Cu u Tr v
Thach Ty b do b N Oa sai xung ph vua Tr tr th ci ti lm tho gho b.
Ci chuyn ny bc Natphung chc rnh hon...
28-04-2007, 09:2 AM
C mt giai thoai vn hc v Th Khoa Hun, tc ng Nguyn Hu Hun Long An lin quan n bi T H Thi
ny. Chuyn k ng l ngui dng ch rt tit kim, lun tm cch ct bt ch cu vn sc tch hon nn ni
ting v ti gin luoc cc bi tho m vn gi nguyn .
Mt hm c ngui em bi T h thi ra nh ng ct bt ch. Tuy nhin, ng bo bi tho ny khng th ct bt,
nguoc lai micu phi thm hai ch cho mach vn manh m, t tun tro hon. Truc s ngac nhin ca mi
ngui ng ngm nga.
Cu nin ai han phng cam v;
Thin l tha huong ng c tri;
Ha thuong ng phng hoa chc da;
Thiu nin kim bng qui danh th.
Trong post ca cu 28, c nhm ln mt chi tit ng tic. Tht ra th giai thoai ny l ni v ng Th Khoa
Ngha, tc ng Bi Hu Ngha, ch khng phi v ng Th Khoa Hun.
Nay xin nh chnh v sa lai post trn cho ng.
Ni by khng ch bi cui, m cn so cc em nh n tin theo ng anh Mt gi th thit l tai hai.
Ch na m m b th khoa Ngha (http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/orums/showthread.php?
p30223post30223) lai "kch c ng quan" th ht ng lun.
Thnh tht co li.
Nathun!
01-05-2007, 04:23 PM
41. (KTTN 103, ngy 01-3-1993)
Tai sao ngui Trung Quc ngy xua lai dng hai ting tu mi (ru my, thung ni l my ru) ch n ng?
Khng l n b khng c lng my?
AN CHI: V cu hi ny, T Thi ng gii p trong Yn t lu bt k nhu sau:
Ngui xua gi n ng l tu mi. Ta vn thung hi ban b: u l th ch ring n ng mi c, cn (lng)
my th n b cng c; tai sao lai gi n ng l tu mi kia ch?
(Tt c) u khng tr li uoc. (Ta) xt sch Thch danh ni: Phn v lng my l thay th; cao b lng
my i, ly phn v thay vo ch lng my cao. Nh th m bit rng ngy xua n b u cao b lng
my; vy tuy c (lng my) m cng nhu khng. Ting chuyn dng ch n ng l v th.
Nathun!
01-05-2007, 04:30 PM
42. (KTTN 103, ngy 01-3-1993)
Tai sao ngui Vit Nam lai gi ngui Trung Hoa l Tu?
AN CHI: c nhiu ngui lin h tn gi ny vi t tu trong tu b. in chp Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca lm dn
chng: Ngui An Nam thy tu b khch qua lai nhiu, ly m gi l nuc Tu, ngui Tu (ai Nam quc
m t vi, t.II, Saigon, 189, tr.34). C nhiu tm ti hon l kin ca Vuong Duy Trinh cho rng Tu l bin
th ng m ca To, l ting m t i Tam Quc, ngui Vit dng gi nuc Ngy ca To Tho (em
Thanh Ha quan phng, Nguyn Duy Tiu phin din, Si Gn, 1973, tr.97). Nhung nuc ta, lc by gi l qun
Giao Ch v mt phn qun Cu Chn - chng ti cho l ch mt phn thi - lai thuc v ng Ng ch khng
thuc v Bc Ngy (chnh v th m by gi ngui Vit gi ngui Trung Hoa l ngui Ng nhu vn cn thy
trong my ting thng Ng con ) cho nn cch gii thch ca Vuong Duy Trinh xem ra vn chua tha ng. V
lai, tai sao ngui ta khng gi thng bng tn nuc l Ngy m phi dng h To gi?
Chng ti cho rng Tu l m c Hn Vit ca t ghi bng m m Hn Vit hin ai l to, c ngha l quan.
Trong thi ky Bc thuc, ni chung quan cai tri l ngui Trung Hoa cho nn dn chng quan nim rng ngui
Trung Hoa l tu, ngha l quan. Nu cho rng y l mt np ngh v l th xin nh lai chuyn xy ra hi
thng 8, thng 9 nm 1945 tai Si Gn: dn Vit Nam nh bt c ngui Php no m h gp ngoi ung
v h l ngui Php th u lthc dn. Do quan nim trn m v sau tt c mi ngui Trung Hoa d khng
lm quan - y l tuyt ai a s - cng uoc "vinh d" gi l Tu.
Ghi ch ca :
Lu lu "nh trng qua ca nh sm" bt gi An Chi mt ci. Nu cho rng ngui Vit "quan nim rng ngui
Trung Hoa l tu, ngha l quan", th ci quan nim ny phi c t thi cn nhiu ngui Trung Hoa lm quan tai
Vit Nam. Vy th ta phi tm uoc cc du tch ny trong vn chuong c, ti thiu l vn chuong bnh dn, hay
truyn khu nhu ca dao-tc ng. Tuy nhin vn chuong bnh dn Vit Nam cho n cui thi ky bc thuc vn
khng tm thy ch nuc tu, ngui tu, hay gic tu trong bt ky th loai no.
T ngui Tu ch xut hin v bt u uoc dng rng ri khi c nhng ot sng ngui Minh Huong chay loan
trn sang Vit Nam. H n tng on ng c trn nhng chic "tu ln" nn gy s ch ca ngui Vit.
Nn bit rng cho n th k 19, k thut ng tu ca ngui Vit vn ch mc ghe, thuyn nh c nh ch
khng pht trin k thut ng tu ln i bin. Trong khi ngui Trung Hoa pht trin cc ai chin
thuyn, lu thuyn t thi xua v cc thinh trong thi Tng. V th, cc on "tu" ca ngui Trung Hoa l luot
chay loan tp vo Vit Nam l mt cnh tuong ngoan mc v n tuong cho ngui Vit thi by gi. V vy mi
xut hin danh t ngui "tu". Sau ny phi sinh cc cm t khc - thung l trong cch ni khng tn trng -
"gic tu", "nuc Tu".
Cho nn quan nim Ngui An Nam thy tu b khch qua lai nhiu, ly m gi l nuc Tu, ngui Tu l
ng, v nghe vi gio su ngui Hoa xc nhn iu ny.
Tuong t, trong giai oan 1975 n 1980, c nhng ot sng ngui Vit vuot bin bng ung thy ln n
hng triu ngui. Th gii ch n hin tuong v gi chung nhng ngui Vit vuot bin l "boat people".
Sau ny t "boat people" thnh 1 th ting lng uoc dng ch a s ngui Vit nuc ngoi, d h i ung
b hay... my bay ra nuc ngoi du hc. "Boat people" c phi l ngui "tu" khng? Ngui Vit hi ngoai
thung dng ch "thuyn nhn Vit Nam" phn bit mnh vi "tu nhn Trung quc". Cch no , ngui
Vit hi ngoai gin tip cng nhn mnh l "ngui ... thuyn".
Ghi ch s 2 ca :
Nu An Chi l lun ng th cch gi ngui Hoa l "Tu" l mt t xung h vinh d. iu ny tri hn vi thc
t. Ngui Hoa sinh sng tai Vit Nam khng ai mun bi gi l "ba tu" v l cch gi khinh d. N nhc h
nh n mt qu kh khng vinh quang ca cha ng. ng thi, h cm thy bi tch ri v phn bit ngay gia
t nuc h sinh sng v gp phn xy dng. H cng khng mun bi gi l Hoa "kiu" v h l cu dn v cng
dn ca Vit Nam.
Nathun!
07-05-2007, 05:3 AM
43. (KTTN 103, ngy 01-3-1993)
Trong bi m giao tha 1993 ca Trinh Cng Son (Kin thc ngy nay s 101, trang 22-23) c hai ting st
na (ci st na nh b ca thi gian). in cho bit st na l g?
AN CHI: St na l mt khong thi gian cc ngn. y l mt danh t m ngui Trung Hoa phin m t
ting Sanskrit (cng gi l ting Bc Phan) kaa trong kinh Pht. H ghi kt qu phin m bng hai ch
Hn m ngui Vit Nam c theo m Hn Vit thnh st na.
Nathun!
07-05-2007, 05:45 AM
44. (KTTN 103, ngy 01-3-1993)
in cho bit lich s cy thnh gi ca ngui theo ao Thin cha.
AN CHI: Thnh gi vn l mt thp t gi (tr xung xin gi tt l thp gi) ngha l mt ci gi hnh ch thp
(1). l biu tuong ca c tin Ki T gio v chnh Cha Jesus chiu nhc hnh trn mt cy thp gi.
Tuy nhin ngay t truc Cng nguyn, ch thp l biu tuong c tnh cht tn gio ca nhiu dn tc khc
nhau thi c ai ri. Ch thp u, cng gi l ch thp Hy Lap, l biu tuong ca thn Amu noi ngui Chalde
v ngui Babylone. Ch thp c quai (croix anse) rt thung thy noi ngui Ai Cp v uoc xem l tuong trung
cho s bt t. Ch thp ngoc c mt n t hng ngn nm truc Cng nguyn. Ch thp ngoc c
nhnh cha v bn phi, gi l svastika, tuong trung cho thn Ganesa v im lnh cn ch thp ngoc c
nhnh cha v bn tri, gi l sauvastika, th tuong trung cho n thn Kali v im d. Noi nhiu dn tc khc
nhau, t ngui Ba Tu n ngui Phnicie, t ngui Etrusque n ngui La M, t ngui x Gaule n ngui x
nay l nuc Anh, ngay c th dn Da ca Mexico v Trung M, ngui ta u thy s c mt ca ch thp.
ing vic hnh hnh bng cch tri hoc ng inh ti nhn vo mt cy thp gi th nhiu nh nghin cu
cho l thuc v sng kin ca ngui Phnicie. Sau , nhiu dn tc thi c ai cng p dng kiu hnh
hnh ny. Tin thn ca cy thp gi ch l mt ci tr ng, noi ngui ta tri ti nhn vo khi m chung
quanh khng c mt thn cy no tn dng. Ngui ta cng c th dng ci tr m xuyn ti nhn t hu
mn ln ri c th m bu cho n khi ti nhn cht. V sau, ngui ta gc thm mt thanh ngang vo ci tr
ng v th l cy thp gi vi tnh cch l mt phuong tin hnh hnh chnh thc ra i. c Cha Jesus
chiu nhc hnh trn mt cy thp gi nhu th.
Thoat u ch l du hiu ca s nhc, theo dng thi gian, cng vi s pht trin ca Ki T gio, cy thp gi
tr nn biu tuong ca tnh thuong Thin Cha v c hy sinh cho s nghip cu ri nhn loai. Trong ting
Vit, n uoc gi l cy thnh gi.
Ghi ch ca Natphung:
* Cc ban c th tham kho thm v lich s ca ch svastika y
(http://vietsciences.ree.r/lichsu/swastika.htm) ca tc gi Pham Vit Hung
*v ... ch Van ca Pht gio c th c 2 chiu quay tri nguoc nhau, mi chiu c mt ngha ring, nhung
u thing ling...
xem http://vietsciences.ree.r/lichsu/swastika2.htm
!ol'(ish
07-05-2007, 08:5 AM
Thnh gi vn l mt thp t gi (tr xung xin gi tt l thp gi) ngha l mt ci gi hnh ch thp (1).
C ngui cn gi l cy thp c
Ngui ta cng c th dng ci tr m xuyn ti nhn t hu mn ln ri c th m bu cho n khi ti nhn
cht
Nu nhu ti nh khng lm th trong quyn Nhip cu trn sng Drina ca Ivo-Andritch c t cch hnh hnh d
man ny
Nathun!
07-05-2007, 10:0 AM
C ngui cn gi l cy thp c
Nu nhu ti nh khng lm th trong quyn Nhip cu trn sng Drina ca Ivo-Andritch c t cch hnh hnh d
man ny
Golish khng lm (Nhung ng hon l "Cu sng Drina" do Nguyn Hin L dich). Nhu trong truyn th ngh
thut ti mc thuong tha l lm sao m cy cc xuyn t hu mn tr ln vai m khng cham phi co quan
ni tang, trnh xut huyt ni. Mc ch l ko di thi gian nhc hnh.
Nathun!
09-05-2007, 03:24 PM
45. (KTTN 104, ngy 15-3-1993)
Thnh thong ti uoc thy trong tranh v ca Trung Quc hnh mt ng gi c chm ru bac pho di n rn,
lai c mt ci trn si v ai ni ln trn u nhu hnh dng mt qu trng to qu kh. Th d, trn ba 1 ca M
thut thi nay s 28 (un Qu Du) c in mt bc tranh nhu th v ch thch trang 3 l tranh Thn Phc
Lc. C phi l Thi Thuong Lo Qun khng? V ci trn qu trng to qu kh ca ng y c ngha g?
AN CHI: Thi Thuong Lo Qun l tn hiu dnh cho Lo T, ngui uoc phi ao gio xem l tng su. Cn ng
lo m ban thy trong tranh Trung Hoa v trn ba 1 ca tap ch M Thut thi nay s 28 khng phi l Lo T
m cng khng phi l Thn Phc Lc. l Nam Cc Lo Nhn nhu uoc khng inh bng chnh my ch
Hn trong tranh in noi ba 1 ca tap ch : Nam Cc Lo Nhn ng th , ngha l tranh ng Gi Nam Cc i
ban th. ng ta chnh l ng Th. V ng Th chnh l ha thn ca Nam Cc Lo Nhn tinh.
Nam Cc Lo Nhn tinh, tc l sao Nam Cc Lo Nhn, hin nay ch gi tt l Lo Nhn tinh, tc sao ng Gi.
Sao ng Gi l sao Canopus trong chm sao Argo, sng hng th hai sau sao Thin Lang, tc sao Sirius, trn
bu tri Nam bn cu. Tuy sng thua sao Thin Lang nhung v sao ng Gi l ngi sao sng nht pha cc
Nam ca bu tri nhn t mt t (Thin Lang: 13N, cn ng Gi: 5240N) nn ngui Trung Hoa ngy xua
gi n l Nam Cc tinh, tc sao Nam Cc. ia bn nguyn thy ca ngui Trung Hoa thi c ai l luu vc
sng Hong H (thuc Bc bn cu) th rt kh m nhn thy uoc n. Phi sng rt lu mi nhn thy n nhiu
ln trong i. V vy ngui Trung Hoa mi ly sao Nam Cc lm tuong trung cho tui th m gi n l Th tinh
tc sao Th. Tuong trung ha nhu th xem ra vn chua tha lng, ngui ta lai tip tc nhn cch ha thnh
Nam Cc Lo Nhn (tinh) (sao) ng Gi Nam Cc. Sau , cn b c hai ting Nam Cc vn l tn nguyn
thy m ch gi lai c hai ting Lo Nhn (tinh) (sao) ng Gi.
Hin ai Hn ng t in (Bc Kinh 1992) ging hai ting Th tinh (shu xing) nhu sau: Ch sao ng Gi. T
xua n nay dng lm tuong trung cho s trung th, gi l Th tinh. Nhn gian thung v thnh hnh dng
mt ng gi, u di m ni u ln. Cng gi l ng Gi sao Th.
Noi tranh ba ni, i truc Nam Cc Lo Nhn, tc ng Th, l ba ch tin ng khing mt tri o th to
bng thn hnh ca ba ch gp lai v hu cnh, cng tuong trung cho tui th, cn c hnh ca ba con hac.
Ci u ni u ln ca ng ta c ngha ao gio su sc. ao ny cho rng hnh ng tnh dc c ba mc ch
l s truyn ging, s tha mn tnh dc v s ngn chn qu trnh suy lo. Mc ch cui cng ny lai ch l
c quyn - v l b truyn - ca mt s ao su m thi. Nhng ngui ny cho rng tt c mi ln xut tinh
u rt ngn i ngui. V vy nn phi cho tinh dich quay tr v m bi b cho no at n trung sinh.
Cho nn, trong vic giao hop, khi phng tinh th khng uoc cho tinh xut ra ngoi m phi rt n t ngc
hnh tr vo ua n ln tn no. Chnh do diu php ny m cc vi siu ng th mi c ci u ni u ln
nhu ni v thy. in hnh nht chnh l ci u ca ng Th.
in ch cho y l chuyn tu. Ghi nhn quan nim trn y l hai ng tc gi, mt ngui Php v mt ngui
Trung Quc l Pierre Huard v Ming ong vit v ci u ca ng ta v v diu php nhu sau: ch thi l
v ng ta c th ua ln n tn c ca ng ta nhng cht tinh ty gy th thai ca co th mnh v tch ly
chng tai bng nhng php thc hnh tnh dc rt c bit nn ng ta at uoc sc khe v trung th
(La mdecine chinoise, Paris, 1959, p.19).
Li bn ra ca :
Ci ny ting Vit c mt tc ng kh ... d thuong l "kh tn tai no".
Ai mun luyn ci mn Thi m b duong th download ci quyn "Healing Love Through the Tao: Cultivating
emale Sexual Energy" ny (http://rapidshare.com/iles/7871332/mantakchia-
cultivatingemaleual.energy.pd) v ri va tra t in va ...luyn.
Li khuyn cho nhng ai inh luyn mn "thi m b duong" ny. Coi chng tp khng ng cch th hu qu
rt nguy him. Nh th bi migrain (au u ng) nhu ... . Nng th bi "tu ha nhp ma" nhu...
Thi khng ni na.
Nathun!
09-05-2007, 03:41 PM
4. (KTTN 104, ngy 15-3-1993)
Theo mc Chuyn ng chuyn Ty trn Kin thc ngy nay s 101 th hong tc l con du ca vua. in cho
bit thm vuong phi l g?
AN CHI: Vuong phi l vo ca thi t. Th d nhu trong hong gia nuc Anh th Diana l vuong phi ca thi t
Charles v l hong tc ca n hong Elisabeth (*). Cn trong hong gia nuc Nht, Masako Owada l vuong
phi ca thi t Naruhito v l hong tc ca hong Akihito v hong hu Michiko. Phi, theo ngha gc l thip
(vo l) ca vua. N cn c ngha l th (vo chnh) ca thi t, ca ngui c tuc vuong hoc tuc hu.
(*) Ghi ch ca Natphung:
ng ra l Eliabeth II ( nhi, phn bit vi Eliabeth I). Nh danh ca n hong Eliabeth II l Eliabeth
Alexandra Mary indsor.
Trch dn ngang hng ca :
Phi, theo ngha gc l ... vo l ca vua...cn l ...vo chnh ca thi t
Kinh khng qu
Nathun!
12-05-2007, 03:15 PM
47. (KTTN 104, ngy 15-3-1993)
C phi my ting i ti, ti ti l do thi ni m ra hay khng?
AN CHI: y l mt tc l gc Trung Hoa xua, lin quan n ch , c theo m Hn Vit l ti, c ngha l
trn nm (vi t) hoc a tr y mt tui (danh t). Khi a tr ng mt tui, ngui ta trc nghim d
on s thch v s trung ca n trong tuong lai. Ting Hn gi vic ny l th nhi ngha l th con. Ngui ta
by ln mm mt s vt va choi, ngh, va hc c, v.v. xem a tr chn th no m ly cn c
vo mn ny m d on tuong lai ca n. Ci mm gi l ti bn (mm y nm). N uoc by bin
th con vo ng dip chu ti, ngha l dip trn trn mt nm tui ca a tr (chu l gip vng).
i ti v ti ti bt ngun t hai ting chu ti. Trong ting Vit, hai ting ny dn dn uoc pht m thnh chu
ti. Ti uoc pht m thnh ti cng y ht nhu tn (tc) thnh tin (tc), (cn) i thnh (cn) ai, t ( bn)
thnh tu, v.v. Nhung phn ng ngui bnh dn Vit Nam thi xua ch bit ni dung v hnh thc ca l th nhi
m lai chng bit hai ch chu ti c ngha l g. Dn dn h pht m trai i thnh ti ti. y, din ra mt
s ng ha ng m (chu bi ti ng ha) lm thnh mt t ly gi tao. Nhung c nhng ngui khng r
ngun gc ca hai ting ti ti m lai mun gii thch n theo ring ca mnh. H di ha ting ti th nht
bng cch hu thanh ha ph m u [t] ca n thnh [] m ni i ti nhung cng chng h - v khng th -
ni r uoc i c ngha l g. y chng qua ch l s ti gi tao mt hnh thc gi tao m thi.
n nhu thi ni, th y lai l mt kiu reonte (s soan lai) hon ton, nhm gii thch ti ti v i ti v c
ng m ln ng ngha. Vi hnh thc soan lai ny, ngui ta c mun ni rng i ti v ti ti chng qua cng
ch l nhng li ni trai m ca thi ni v rng i ti ti ti chng qua cng ch l l a tr thi nm ni.
Ngui ta qun rng l thi ni ngy xua, d c uoc gi bng ci tn mi ny, thc cht vn c lun lun l
l th nhi, rng l ny vn c phi uoc tin hnh ng vo dip chu ti, rng phuong tin trc nghim vn c l
nhng vt dng uoc by bin trn ci ti bn, ngha l ci mm y nm.
T nhng iu trn y, c th suy ra rng thi ni ch l mt hnh thc sinh sau mun so vi i ti, ti ti,
chu ti, chu ti m thi.
Nathun!
12-05-2007, 03:23 PM
48. (KTTN 105, ngy 01-4-1993)
G rn hm-bu-go l mn n nhu th no m bi Con g trong ngn ng dn gian (Kin thc ngy nay s
un Qu Du) nhc n? Hm-bu-go l g?
AN CHI: l tc gi ni theo li . qung co ca Nh hng g rn hm-bu-go trn truyn hnh Cn mn
hm-bu-go chnh cng, ting Anh ni M (American English) l hamburger [hmb :g ] th lai l mn
Hamburg steak, ngha l thit ming kiu c bit ca Hamburg, mt thnh ph cng ni danh ca nuc c.
Dn M xem ra khng thch ni Hamburg steak nn gi mn ny l hamburger. y l mn thit b bm
nhuyn lm thnh ming ri nung ln. Mn ny thung uoc cp vo bnh sandwich n cho nn by gi
bnh sandwich c cp ming Hamburg steak cng uoc gi lun l hamburger. iu oi om l sau khi danh t
ny ra i th ngui M khng thy uoc cu tao ca n l hamburg + er m lai thy rng hamburger ham +
burger, v trong ting Anh, ham c ngha l gim-bng, l bp i (ca sc vt). Do burger uoc xem l
mt hnh vi v vi hnh vi ny ngui ta cn tao ra no l ishburger (mn burger c), cheeseburger (mn
burger pho-mt), v.v. Thm ch cn c nh sn xut nhu hiu Moore cn gi mn n c sn ca mnh l
Mooreburger na. V by gi ngui ta cn c thm cc t ng tn tao McBurger, Kebab Burger v Kiwi Burger
na (em C th gii nhai bnh m thit McDonalds, Kin thc ngy nay, s 103, tr.94-8).
Nathun!
15-05-2007, 03:00 PM
49. (KTTN 105, ngy 01-4-1993)
in cho bit vn tt s tch ca ng Thn Ti.
AN CHI: Theo truyn thuyt th thn ti chnh l Triu Cng Minh, ngui sng vo thi nh Tn. ng lnh
i m dc lng tu tin ni Chung Nam. V sau c ao, uoc phong lm Chnh Nht Huyn n Nguyn soi,
coi vic xua n ui dich, cu bnh tr tai. Lai na, phm ai bi oan c n cu cu noi ng u uoc ng gip
lm cho sng t. Ngui bun bn cng ng cu ti cu lc cng uoc ng gip cho nhu mun. Ngui ta
thung v ng thnh hnh mt ngui mt en, ru rm, tay cm roi, mnh ci trn lung mt con cp en. Ngui
ta cng thung hay v hnh ng trn nh ng (mt loai n c) v cn gi ng l Ti Bach Tinh Qun hoc
Triu Cng Nguyn Soi.
Ghi ch ca :
t nhiu ngui hay ln ln tuong ng ia, ng thn ti, pht Di-lc, ng tr tri... vi nhau.
Nathun!
15-05-2007, 03:19 PM
50. (KTTN 105, ngy 01-4-1993)
Tai sao lai gi l La Hn? C tt c 1 vi hay 18 vi? in cho bit tn mi vi.
AN CHI: V hai ting La Hn, sau y l li ging ca hai tc gi Thch Minh Chu v Minh Chi:
Vo cha Vit Nam, chng ta thung thy tuong mui tm vi ng gn nhau, mt mi trng sc so d ton.
l tuong mui tm vi La Hn, vn l nhng tn tung cup, v sau gp uoc duyn may, uoc gic ng quy
y theo Pht v chng qu A La Hn (.) Cha Ty Phuong (tnh H Ty) c tuong 18 vi La Hn rt c o. y
l tch mui tm La Hn theo mt huyn thoai ca Trung Quc, bi v truyn mui tm tn cup tu thnh La
Hn xy ra Trung Hoa. (Ba ch in nghing l do chng ti nhn manh - AC). Cn n , khng thy ni n
tch ny (T in Pht hc Vit Nam, H Ni, 1991, tr. 432).
Thc ra, cc vi La Hn khng nhng khng phi l ngui Trung Hoa m h cng chng phi vn l nhng tung
cup, mt mi ca h cng khng d ton m lai nhn hu v trng rt khc kh.
La Hn l dang tt ca ba ting A La Hn m ngui Trung Hoa dng phin m tnh t ting Sanskrit
arhant (Hnh thi cp tuyt i l arhattama), m ngha gc l ng tn knh, uoc dng ch nhng bc tu
hnh c ao dui hng B Tt. Ting Anh v ting Php thung phin thnh arhat. Ngui ta cho rng La Hn l
cc vi t ca Pht tuy c ao nhung vn sng trn gian t chng sinh. Hai tc gi Thch Minh
Chu v Minh Chi vit rng chuyn mui tm vi La Hn xut x t mt huyn thoai Trung Hoa cn n ,
khng thy ni n tch ny. Thc ra cc vi u mang tn bng ting Sanskrit l mt phuong ng c n my
nghn nm ca n . Tn ca cc vi uoc chp trong Php tr k ca Nan Mt at La nhu sau :
1. Tn La Bat La a
2. Gi Nc Gi Phat Sa
3. Gi Nc Bat Ly a m
4. T Tn
5. Nc C Na
. Bat La
7. Gi L Gi
8. Phat La Pht a La
9. Tut Bt Gi
10. Bn Thc Gi
11. La H La
12. Na Gi T
13. Nhn Kit
14. Phat Na Ba Tu
15. A Thi a
1. Ch Bn Thc Gi
Danh sch trn y l tn cc vi La Hn m ngui Trung Hoa phin m t ting Sanskrit. Tt c l 1 vi.
S d c kin cho rng tt c c 18 vi La Hn l v vo thi Tng, ngui thch v chuyn thm vo hai tn
Khnh Hu v Tn u L m khng bit rng Tn u L ch l mt dang phin m hoi khc ca Tn La
(Bat La a) cn Khnh Hu ch l dich ngha ca Nan Mt a La. Khnh mng l dich ngha ca Nandi
(Nan ngui uoc vui mng) cn Hu ban l dich ngha ca Mitra (Mt La ban). M Nandi-mitra
(Nan Mt La) tc Khnh Hu ch l tc gi ca Php tr k ni trn ch khng phi l mt vi La Hn
trong danh sch ang xt. Vy tt c ch c 1 vi m thi.
Ghi ch ca goldish:
Tai sao lai gi l La Hn? C tt c 1 vi hay 18 vi? in cho bit tn mi vi.
Cc ban c th tm hiu thm qua cc bi:
- Ti Vit Thp Bt La Hn (http://www.quangduc.com/coban/154thapbatlahan.html) ca Lm Th Mn, Thch
ao Lun dich
- S Tch Thp Bt La Hn (http://www.thuvienhoasen.org/thapbatlahan-phuocson.htm) ca Thich Phuoc Son.
Li bn ra ca :
D thot thai t Pht gio n th Pht gio Vit Nam, Pht Gio Trung Quc, Pht gio Nht Bn, Pht gio
Triu Tin, Pht gio Tibet, v.v... bin tung v khc nhau nhu Thin Cha Gio, Chnh Thng Gio, Tin
Lnh Luther, Anh gio, Mc Mn, v ... Hi gio.
Cho d nguyn y Pht gio n ch c 1 vi La Hn "gc" nhung Trung quc v Vit Nam vn bit n "Thp
Bt La Hn" ch khng ai ni "Thp Lc La Hn". Theo quan im Pht Hc trong ba ngn th gii c hng h
sa s Pht th tai sao con s La Hn ch dng lai 1 hay 18 hay 1.250 vi? Tht ra y l chuyn ng ni g,
b ni vit. Chuyn 1 vi La Hn kh hanh ca n , v chuyn 18 tn cup quy y thnh qu La Hn l nhng vi
La Hn khc nhau. V cng l La Hn nn mi c chuyn mang tn La Hn n ra lm chng minh nhn dn
cho La Hn Trung Quc. Cng v ci chuyn ny nn mi c 2 ng La Hn thiu chng minh nhn dn phi xi
tam giy t gi ca hai ng khc. Ngh cho cng th nguyn xp CMND n ca 1 ng La Hn Vit-Hoa cng
l ca gi tut tun tut...
Nathun!
19-05-2007, 03:1 PM
51. (KTTN 105, ngy 01-4-1993)
Tai sao ngui ta lai ghp tn con chim (c cnh, trng) vi tn con chut (c v, con) thnh ting i
chim chut ch chuyn trai gi ve vn, tn tnh nhau?
AN CHI: Hai con vt hu quan, mt con thuc lp chim, mt con thuc lp c v, tt nhin khng th "tnh t"
vi nhau uoc. l xt v sinh vt hc. Cn xt v t nguyn th chim chut cng khng phi l mt t hop
uoc tao ra theo qui tc cu tao t ghp ng lp ca ting Vit. N ch l kt qu ca mt s dich ngha t cc
thnh t ca mt ia danh Trung Hoa: iu Th ng Huyt ( Chim Chut Cng Hang), cng gi tt l iu
Th ( Chim Chut).
l tn mt ngn ni trong dy Tn Lnh, nm pha Ty huyn Vi Nguyn, huyn Lan Chu, tnh Cam Tc.
Ni ny c tn nhu th l v dn chng ia phuong quan st uoc hin tuong chim chut cng mt hang.
Ging chim c tn l hoc mc nhi chu cn ging chut c tn l t hoc ngt nhi th. Sch Cam Tc
ghi chp: t Luong Chu c con ngt nhi th, ging nhu con chut, c con chim tn l mc nhi chu, ging nhu
con s, thung cng con ngt nhi th chung mt hang. chnh l (chim) (chut) t nhung ch l tn xua
tn nay khc nhau m thi. Vy con mc nhi chu, tc con chim , ch l k sng nh hang ca con ngt nhi
th, tc con chut t. Gia chng khng th c quan h tnh cm hoc tnh dc oc.
Nhung chu mui hai i ca Khng T l Khng An Quc, khi ch gii Kinh thu, ging bn ting iu Th
ng Huyt nhu sau: Chim (v) chut cng nhau lm (con) trng (con) mi (Chng ti nhn manh - AC) cng
chung hang sng ni ny, (v vy) mi c tn ni l Chim Chut. T xua, c nhiu ngui cc lc bc b
cch gii thch ny ca h Khng, chng han nhu Ngan at v Truong n u qu quyt rng khng phi
l chuyn c ci hoc trng mi gia chim v chut.
Tuy nhin nh nho Vit Nam th lai tin tung nh ch gii h Khng. Khng T l c Thnh th Khng An
Quc chu ngi cng phi l mt quyn uy. Bc quyn uy ny ging rng iu th ng huyt l chuyn
trng mi gia chim v chut th vic nh nho Vit Nam dich hai ting iu th thnh chim chut ch chuyn
tn tnh, ve vn gia trai v gi cng l iu rt t nhin.
Bn "loan" ca Natphung :
Hi oi, 12 i ri m cng vn cn l COCC.
Cm khi ca :
t t nhin.
t t nhin.
Khng An Quc
D chuyn ngy xua,
D bn Tu,
12 i nhung vn l h Khng.
Nn vn "t ho dng ging th gia".
Nn mi iu ngi "y" ra,
D chim, d chut,
S l kinh, l in.
Vit Nam ta,
ua nay cng th.
T Triu, inh, L, L, Trn
n Trinh, Nguyn, n ... ngy nay.
Cho d i sang h mt (Smith) h xoi (ranois)
Vn tin tung,
ng t tt tng tng,
Ngy xua mang h Lac.
Nn vn t ho dng di Hng Bng.
Nn mi iu phn ra,
L ng, l Tin,
L nhu inh ng ct.
ng cn ly uoc tin (*)
Th chim vi chut.
L chuyn rt t nhin.
t t nhin.
t ... t nhin.
(*) Khng hiu ngy xua Lac Long Qun "ve" u Co th no y nh?
Ghi ch ca goldish:
Chng ta thung quen hiu hai ting:
chim chut ch chuyn tn tnh, ve vn gia trai v giNhung:
" trong cha, ch chim chut dng ch cho nhng ngui tu khng ra tu, i khng ra i, th chi cng
thch, cng khng t b; gp khi bt loi th bn no cng chi chay, gp lc tt p th bn no cng mun d
phn. Ging nhu con doi, khi ngui ta mun bt nhng loi bit bay nhu chim th n ni n thuc loi chut ch
khng phi loi chim, d n bit bay. Nhung khi ngui ta bt chut th n chi, ni rng n khng phi ging
chut m thuc loi chim bit bay"
(Trch nguyn vn bi Php Su T Hon (http://72.14.235.104/search?
qcache:xU1OcDtsMJ:dactrung.net/truyen/noidung.aspx3BaiID3DETiS9MwyCEraZqZVYkQ253D
253D+chim+chuE1BB99t&hlvi&ctclnk&cd7&glvn&clientireox-a29) ca Vnh Ho.
Cc ban cng c th tham kho thm bi Qui Son Cnh Cch (http://www.thuvienhoasen.org/quisoncanhsach-
08.htm) ca Thin Su Linh Hu.
Ghi ch s 2 ca goldish:
Ngui xua, ngoi s hiu lm mi quan h gia chim v chut:
Trch:
c quan h tnh cm hoc tnh dc m cn hiu lm mi quan h gia con t v v con nhn hoc gia con
t v v con su c tn minh linh:
T v m nui con nhn
Ngy sau n ln n qun nhau i
T v ngi khc t ti
Nhn oi nhn hi my i ng no
(Ca dao)
Minh linh mt th su n hai rau. Nhng con t v thung bt trong t lm luong n cho con, tc
lm cho n nui lm con n, v th nn ngui sau gi con nui l minh linh.
(T in Hn Vit Thiu Chu)
Ghi ch ca :
C khi v hiu lm nhu vy nn ngui ta mi bt chuc m em trng vit cho g p chng? n khi vit con n ra
chay xung nuc choi a th m g cc tc t ti trn b.
Suu tm ca goldish:
Thm mt s hiu lm v con t v v con su :
Ti nh c ln c mt cun sch v tiu s ng ao Da (Nguyn Thnh Nam, k su Ho hc Php), tc gi
cho rng, theo li ng ao Da k lai, ai khi nhu th ny:
Mt hm ng ao Da, lc chua c ao, thy nhng con su (hay con nhn ti khng nh r) truc y uoc
con t v t vo trong t ri lp kn t lai, nay nhng con su ho thnh nhng con t v con, ph t bay ra
(). Nh trng thy s bin ho nhu vy m ng ao Da c ao
C th ng ao Da lm v mt hin tuong trong t nhin, nhung nu chuyn trn l ng s tht th nh
hiu lm m c ao th, nhu trong trung hop ny, hiu lm lai ho ra hay Phi khng bc ?
Nghe suu tm ca goldish, Natphung v ng thanh: "NG"
Nathun!
19-05-2007, 03:30 PM
52. (KTTN 10, ngy 15-4-1993)
Mc Chuyn ng chuyn Ty trn Kin thc ngy nay s 95 khng gii p dt khot thnh ng mui hai
bn nuc m ch mi xc inh cch ging ca Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca hop l hon cch hiu do ng Triu Vn
Cn nu ln. Ngoi cch hiu m ng Triu Vn Cn nu, cn c th hiu mui hai bn nuc l 12 ngh
nghip trong x hi ta ngy xua: s, nng, cng, thuong, nho, y, l, bc, ngu, tiu, canh, mc hoc l 12 tui
tnh theo thp nhi chi: T, Su, Dn, Mo, v.v.
AN CHI: Trn Kin thc ngy nay s 95, chng ti c ni rng y l chuyn do t nguyn dn gian gy ra
nhung v vn hoi phc tap nn chng ti c hn n mt dip khc s trnh by r. Nay xin ni vn tt nhu
sau. Hai danh t bn v thuyn vn uoc dng theo n d ch ngui con gi v ngui con trai trong quan h
nh uc, hn h. T cch dng ny, i xa thm mt buc, bn lai uoc dng ch s phn ca c nhn,
thung l ph n, trong quan h nhn duyn.
Ch nhn y vit l v nhn duyn uoc Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary ging l the ate or
inluence which brings lovers together ngha l s phn hoc nh hung gn b (hai) ngui yu vi nhau. Bn
nuc trong thnh ng mui hai bn nuc chnh l th nhn duyn ny.
Nhung trong ting Hn lai cn c mt th nhn duyn khc, vi ch nhn vit l . y l nhn duyn ca nh
Pht m cng quyn t in trn ging nhu sau: the cause which produces eects in the uture lie ngha l
ci nhn tao ra nhng ci qu trong kip sau. Theo in l nh Pht th c tt c mui hai nhn duyn, ting
Hn gi l thp nhi nhn duyn.
Do cch hiu theo t nguyn dn gian - m v khun kh c han, chng ti khng th ni k tai y - nn
ngui ta mi nh tro th nhn duyn ca thn i tnh vo ch th nhn duyn ca nh Pht m din nm
thp nhi nhn duyn thnh mui hai bn nuc. Ha cho nn ch c hai bn nhu Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca ni
hoc gp bn trong, hoc mc bn c (.) may th nh, ri th chiu m thi. T in gia ca chng ta
khng thy uoc hin tuong t nguyn dn gian nn mi vit rng ting ni mui hai bn nuc l ni cho vn.
Nhung ng vn rt ng ch ng khng tha nhn rng y hai ting mui hai c ngha xc thc nhu khi
chng uoc phn b cho nhng ngn cnh bnh thung khc.
cho r hon, chng ti xin uoc nhc n l thuyt hu quan ca nh t nguyn hc tin phong hin ai
ngui Php l Pierre Guiraud trong cun Les locutions ranaises (Paris, 1973). l chuong V mang tiu
Accidents linguistiques (Cc s c ngn ng) trong tc gi bn n nhng s an cho hnh thc
(croisements des ormes) v nhng s lan truyn ngha (contaminations de sens) gia cc thnh ng v t
ng vi nhau. Phm i vi nhng thnh ng hc ba kiu mui hai bn nuc m khi nghin cu lai khng xt
n cc hin tuong trn y th kh lng tm ra s tht. y, nhn duyn ca thn i tnh ly ngha cho
nhn duyn ca nh Pht nn mi tao ra li ni oi om .
Mui hai thnh phn k ra ch l kt qu ca mt s lit k trng lp ct tm cho con s v nho cng l s
m canh cng l nng. Hiu theo ngha rng, nho, y, l, bc, cng lai l s c. Mui hai ia chi cng khng lin
quan g n thnh ng ang xt.
Nathun!
23-05-2007, 04:05 PM
53. (KTTN 10, ngy 15-4-1993)
in gp cho mc Chuyn ng chuyn Ty Kin thc ngy nay s 98 nhu sau: Ting Php Oues de poissons
v ting Anh the gills o a ish l khu gic ca c. Tr tc gi Chuyn ng chuyn Ty, khng c ai ni tai con
c l mang ca n c.
AN CHI: Oues de poissons v the gills o a ish chnh l mang c. ing ting Php oue th c ngha gc l thnh
gic ch khng phi l khu gic. Vn bit tr chng ti ra khng ai ni tai l mang c nhung xin uoc thua
thm nhu sau. Con c vc bn tai trong Ch nam ngc m gii ngha m chng ti dn chnh l con c m
Hn ng gi l t tai l, ngha l c l bn mang. Ba ting t tai l uoc T hi ging nhu sau: Mt loai c
l, di khong bn, nm tc (tc Tu - AC), ming rng u to, hai ci mang bnh rng ra, l nhng ung
vn ta, ta nhu l c bn mang (t tai) cho nn gi l c l bn mang (t tai l), tc gi l c bn mang (t
tai ngu). T hi cn dn thm Chnh t thng nhu sau: C l mi noi u (ch c) hai mang, ring (c l)
Tng Giang th (c) bn mang. Trong gii ng vt, c mt nhm gi l nhm bn mang, ting Php l
ttrabranche, th ting Hn gi t tai loai. T nhng iu trn y suy ra, c vc bn tai chnh l c vc bn
mang. Khng th no khc th uoc.
Vy, d ch mt mnh chng ti ni, th tai y vn c l mang thi
bn ci:
Chuyn "mang du tai"(*) th phi hi kim ngu goldish vy.
(*) "mang - gills - oues - tai"
Nathun!
2-05-2007, 05:08 PM
54. (KTTN 10, ngy 15-4-1993)
Chuyn ng chuyn ty trn Kin thc ngy ny s 98 c cu gii p v cu: Dn ba l. mo. in c i li
gp nhu sau. Ci u hi nh, min Bc gi l v rui, min Trung gi l khu bi, min Nam c noi gi l khu .
Chua nghe ai gi l ci l. mo. Cu Dn ba l. mo bt ngun t mt truyn c k rng h hng nh chut
hp ai hi bn cch tiu dit ging mo l k th truyn kip ca chng. Mt con chut gi by cch i tm mt
ph thy cao tay xin mt l ba trit sn dn vo b phn sinh dc ca con mo ci cho mo tit . Ba em
v ri nhung chng c con chut no dm xung phong i lm ci nhim v ht sc vinh quang m nguy him
nn rt cuc ha dit chng vn cn lo lng trn u. V th cu Dn ba l. mo mi ch vic lm khng n
noi n chn. Cn v vic dm ba trong nh th ngui dn l ch nh v ch dn l cy n dng ch khng
phi l ci u hi.
AN CHI: Vn c ngui gi l ci l. mo Chng han L Vn c v L Ngc Tr trong Vit Nam t in ghi
v ging nhu sau: l. mo u hi. Gc gim hnh tam gic noi hai mi nh gip nhau.
Chnh ci dng gc gim hnh tam gic goi cho ngui bnh dn gi n l ci l. y. Ngui min Bc gi
u hi l u hi, cn v rui ( u hi) l mt hin tuong lm thi thuc v li ni ch khng phi l mt on
vi t vng c inh. V rui theo ngha en xut hin trong phong tro v sinh yu nuc tai chin khu Vit Bc v
mt s vng t do khc thi khng chin chng Php. Ngui ta an nhng v nh bng tre, c bn tay v
thung l hnh tam gic p rui nn mi gi l v rui. Mt t ngui dng li n d m gi ci u hi nh
l v rui nhung y tuyt nhin khng h l mt cch gi ph bin. n nhu khu bi v khu th y lai l hai
li ni trai ca thu k (., chng han, sd ca L Vn c v L Ngc Tr hoc ai Nam quc m t vi ca
Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca) m li ni trai ny suy cho n cng cng l do nh hung gin tip ca l. trong l. mo
(cc t khu, t, trn u c th dng theo uyn ng ch ci l.)
Chuyn c m ng k lai gii thch s ra i ca cu dn ba l. mo khng phi l xut x ch thc
ca thnh ng ny. l li gii thch m ng hc gi l t nguyn dn gian. Phm khi ngui ta chua hiu uoc
xut x ch thc ca mt hin tuong t vng th ngui ta t ra mt cu chuyn c lin quan n ngha ca
tng yu t cu thnh n gii thch ngun gc ca n. Cu chuyn thung rt th vi nhung n lai chng lin
quan g n ngun gc ch thc ca on vi t vng ang xt c.
V vn ngui dn ba v ch dn ba m ng nu, tr li, chng ti xin trch dn o Duy Anh trong
Vit Nam vn ha s cuong nhu sau: Cch thc v nhng phong tc v s lm nh thc l bch quang thp
sc; t nh ngho n nh giu, t min ny sang min khc, nht l x Bc so vi x Trung v x Nam, ta
thy khc nhau rt nhiu. (Nxb Bn Phuong, Si Gn, khng ghi nm, tr. 179). Vy khng th ly nhng iu
do ng nu ln m lm tiu chun nh gi ng sai uoc.
!ol'(ish
2-05-2007, 07:59 PM
hiu r hon cu Dn ba l. mo, cc ban c th c thm bi Khu V L. Mo ca Nguyn Hong Vn
(http://www.tienve.org/home/literature/viewLiterature.do?actionviewArtwork&artworkId1824)
Hay tai y:
http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/orums/showthread.php?p27742post27742
http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/orums/showpost.php?p2772&postcount20
Nathun!
01-0-2007, 10:47 AM
55. (KTTN 107, ngy 01-5-1993)
Ti c th tam hiu ting vn dng lm ch lt trong tn ca phi nam ai khi l nho nh, thanh tao. Nhung
ting thi dng lm ch lt trong tn ca nhiu ngui thuc phi n th xin chiu.
AN CHI: V vn ny, L Trung Hoa c cho bit nhu sau: Chng ti c thy mt im ng ch trong cun
Les langages (sic) de lhumanit ca Michel Malherbe (.): c l tn m Vn c ngun gc t ting p ben
(con trai) v tn m Thi cng c t ting p binti (con gi) do cc thuong nhn p vo bun bn b
bin Vit Nam. Tuy tc gi khng nu c liu, chng ti thy c kh nng ng, v: v ng m ben cho ra vn,
binti cho ra thi l c th chp nhn; - Vit Nam chiu nh hung h ca ngui Trung Hoa. Nhung ngui Trung
Hoa truc y v hin nay khng dng t m vn v thi ph bin nhu ngui Vit Nam (H v tn ngui Vit
Nam, H Ni, 1992, tr.2, chth.1).
Theo chng ti th ni ben c th cho ra vn cn binti c th cho ra thi chng khc no ni rng ting Php petit
cho ra ting Vit b t cn colosse th cho ra khng l, chng khc no ni ting ciao cho ra ting Vit
cho cn ting Ty Ban Nha nio th cho ra nh nh.
Tht ra thi l mt t Vit gc Hn, ch Hn vit l . y l ting dng ch ph n. Ngha ny ca n uoc
T nguyn v T hi ghi l ph nhn xung thi (n b gi l thi) cn Vuong Vn Ng ai t in th ghi l ph
nhn (n b) v Mathews Chinese English Dictionary th ghi a emale (ngui thuc gii tnh n). T nguyn
cn cho bit r thm rng ngy nay thi cng l mt t m ph n dng t xung (Kim dich vi ph nhn t
xung chi t). Trong ting Vit, n cn c mt cng dng m T in ting Vit 1992 ghi nhu sau: T dng
ch ngui ph n ngi th ba vi coi khinh. Vy r rng thi c ngha l n b.
Nhung do u m n tr nn ting lt, tc tn m ca ph n? Tt nhin l t cng dng ca n trong ting
Hn m ra, sau mt qu trnh chuyn bin ng ngha. Cng dng ny uoc Hin ai Hn ng t in (Bc
Kinh, 1992) ch ra nhu sau: t sau h ca ngui ph n c chng, thung thm h chng vo truc h cha
xung h (Phng tai d hn ph n ch tnh hu, thng thung tai ph tnh tin gia phu tnh, tc vi xung h).
Th d: Triu Vuong thi l ngui n b m h cha l Vuong cn h chng l Triu.
Ngui Vit Nam ngy xua khng lm y ht theo cch trn y ca ngui Trung Hoa m ch t thi sau h cha
ri lin theo l tn ring ca uong s theo kiu cu trc thi Y, hiu l ngui n b h tn Y. Cu trc
ny ging nhu cu trc c yu t cng ( ng) m dn Nam b dng gi nh yu nuc Truong inh mt
cch tn knh: Truong Cng inh, c ngha l ng (uoc tn knh) h Truong tn inh. Hoc nhu chnh ca
ngui Trung Hoa khi h khc trn m ch ca Truong Khin my ch Truong Cng Khin (chi m), c ngha l
(m ca) ng (uoc tn knh) h Truong tn Khin. Vy c nhu phn tch, Nguyn thi A l ngui n b h
Nguyn tn A, Trn thi B l ngui n b h Trn tn B, cn Pham thi C l ngui n b h Pham tn C, v.v.
Cch hiu nguyn thy ny phai m dn theo thi gian, lm cho v sau ngui ta tung rng thi ch l yu t
c tnh cht trang tr cho tn ca phi n m thi. Chnh v khng cn hiu uoc cng dng ban u ca thi
na nn ngui ta mi dng n lm ting lt, ngha l tn m, cho cc b gi khi chng va mi lt lng m.
Ngui ta lm nhu th m khng ng rng ngy xa ngy xua, cc c b ca chng ch uoc dng ting thi
ch inh sau khi h trung thnh, v rng thi ch uoc dng ch yu l trong li ni, c bit l trong ngn
ng hnh chnh, ch khng phi l cho vic t tn.
ngha v xut x ca thi theo chng ti ai khi l nhu th. Ch ting binti ca cc ch li bun ngui p
th chng c lin quan g vi n c.
Thc mc ca Natphung:
... Les langages (sic) de lhumanit ...
Khng bit An Chi t (sic) y vi ng g?
:
Chc ng thch ch langues (.) cho n tao nh hon ch langages (m.).
!ol'(ish
01-0-2007, 08:21 PM
V vic dng ch Thi lm ch lt cho phi n c ngui gii thch nhu th ny:
Ch Thi vn c ngha l h v ngui Trung quc khng dng n t tn cho ngui phi n.
Trong ngn ng Trung quc, ngui ta gi ngui vo bng h ca chng km theo hai ch phu nhon. Nhung v tc
a th nn mt ngui n ng c th c nhiu vo. Mt ng h Trn c th cui ba b vo, mt ngui h Vuong,
mt ngui h L, mt ngui h Pham. Tt c cc b ny u uoc gi l Trn phu nhon. Khi mun phn bit cc
b phu nhon vi nhau, ngui Trung quc lai dng h ca mi b km theo ch Thi, thnh ra Vuong Thi phu
nhon, L Thi phu nhon, Pham Thi phu nhon.
C l ngui Vit Nam chng ta truc y cng bt u dng ch Thi y nhu ngui Trung quc, nhung sau v
ch Thi thung uoc dng cho ph n nn ngui Vit Nam lai ly n lm biu hiu cho phi n v cui cng
dng n lm ch lt cho con gi mnh.
(Ngun: http://72.14.235.104/search?qcache:Q-2gVLLlsoJ:dactrung.net/orum/topic.asp3TOPICID
3D5925+22thE1BB8B222Bch E1BBA+l
C3B3t&hlvi&ctclnk&cd1&glvn&clientireox-a)
Nathun!
02-0-2007, 01:17 AM
:
Chc ng thch ch langues (.) cho n tao nh hon ch langages (m.).
H. c qua bit ngay l mt tay ninh m c hang.
Natphung ngh khi t (sic) l mun m ch mt sai st hay mt iu g khng chnh xc, m Natphung tm
mi chua ra.
02-0-2007, 05:59 AM
H. c qua bit ngay l mt tay ninh m c hang.
Natphung ngh khi t (sic) l mun m ch mt sai st hay mt iu g khng chnh xc, m Natphung tm
mi chua ra.
C th An Chi ngh dng ch langage trong cm t langages d'humanit l sai, d Natphung, v nhiu ngui
chp nhn cch dng "nm na" ny. Dng langage th kh dung tc v ch ny thung ch dng trong trung
hop inormalit, ngn ng bnh dn, hay trong thut ng k thut.
langage Noun, masculine (http://avascript3Cb3E3C/b3E:20void20Createindow
2827/dictionary/lexcats/noun.html27,2027grammar2729)
(a) (mainly Ling) inormal, technical language, person's (use o) language; le ~ des animaux animal language;
~ enantin baby talk; children's language; ~ populaire substandard speech, (Ling) popular speech
(b) (Comput) language; crit en ~ Java written in Java; routine en ~ Java Java-language routine, Java routine,
routine written in Java;~ de haut niveau, ~ volu high-level language; ~ de bas niveau low-level language; ~
machine machine codeTrong khi , ch langue l t dng trong ngn ng vn chuong, ngn ng bc hc, cng
"ro" vi ... ngn ng An Chi. Lai na, bn thn ch langue mang ngha "way o speaking a language" ri. Ch
trch ng "khuyn" mt ch "(sic)" sau ch "langage".
langue Noun, eminine (http://avascript3Cb3E3C/b3E:20void20Createindow
2827/dictionary/lexcats/noun.html27,2027grammar2729)
(a) tongue(b) coup de ~ lick; donner un coup de ~ qn to lick sb
(c) (in other expressions) tongue; (ig) dlier la ~ qn to loosen sb's tongue; se mordre la ~ to bite one's
tongue; (ig) e m'en mordais la ~ I was kicking mysel or having said anything; tenir sa ~ to keep quiet (about
it); tiens ta ~ keep it to yoursel, don't let on; il ne sait pas tenir sa ~, il a la ~ trop longue he can't keep his
mouth shut, he can't keep things to himsel; avoir la ~ dans sa poche to keep quiet about things, keep things to
onesel; tirer la ~ to stick one's tongue out ( qn, at sb); (Inml) to be thirsty (neutral), be gagging or a drink
(quite Slang); (Inml) to be strapped or cash, be a bit strapped (Inml); (ig) avoir la ~ bien pendue to have
the git o the gab; (ig) donner sa ~ au chat to give in, give up; (ig) t'as perdu ta ~? has the cat got your
tongue?
(d) (Cookery) tongue; ~ de boeu ox tongue
(e) language, tongue (literary); ~ trangre oreign language; ~ maternelle native language, (Ling) mother
tongue; ~s vivantes modern languages; tudiant de ~s vivantes modern linguist (term used at some
universities), modern language(s) student; de ~ ranaise rench-speaking country, rench language
newspaper; (ig) parler la ~ de bois to speak in clichs;
(Ling) ~ cible, ~ d'arrive target language; ~ diplomatique language o diplomacy; (Ling) ~ mre parent
language; ~ morte dead language; ~ d'oc southern rench, (Ling) langue d'oc; ~ oicielle oicial language; ~
d'ol northern rench, (Ling) langue d'ol; (Ling) ~ source, ~ de dpart source language; ~ de travail working
language
() (way o speaking) language; ~ parle/crite spoken/written language; la ~ ournalistique ournalistic
language, ournalese; ~ scientiique scientiic argon; ~ verte slang
(g) strip o land
Tuy nhin, Natphung c th bt gi anh hai An Chi im ny. Bn thn Michel Malherbe l dn k thut. Khi
Michel Malherbe vit Les langages de lhumanit , ng ng ni v hon 3.000 kiu ngn ng, tc l cc th
ting ni, tn hiu, phuong thc communication, k c thut ng tn gio, ngn ng ca ngui ic, v c ...
ting chi th trn th gii, ch khng ring v cc ngn ng vn chuong m thi. Cho nn ng hon ton chnh
xc khi dng ch langages cho ta quyn bch khoa ton thu ca mnh.
Michel Malherbe est polytechnicien (http://www.bouquins.tm.r/livre.asp?code2-221-05947-). Grand
voyageur et passionn de vulgarisation, il a publi plusieurs ouvrages sur les langues et les religions.
http://www.laont.r/images/livre/langagehumanite.pg
c th li gii thiu ca obert Laont cho quyn Les langages de lhumanit
Trong khang gn 500 trang trong phn Dn Nhp, Michele Malherbe m x nhiu kha canh ngn ng nhu
cch pht m, vn pham, vn ngn, t nguyn, ngn ng ca ngui ic, thut ng my tnh. ng l gt
khp noi trn th gii nghin cu i chiu cc th ting Anh, Hoa, Swahili, Zerma, v.v... n cc th m trong
phuong ng n-u, s giao thoa ca ngn ng Breton v Kikuyu... Phn cn lai chn ra 171 ngn ng ph bin
v cc vn t co bn hng ngy nhu: s m, ngy thng, thc phm, o qun, dng, co th con ngui, th
d,... Tm lai, nhng iu thit yu khi ti mt noi xa la...
http://www.guilde.net/r/news/img/michelmalherbe.JPG
Tc gi ni ting Michele Malherbe ca tc phm "Les Langages de l'humanit" (obert Laont)
(http://images.google.com/imgres?
imgurlhttp://www.guilde.net/r/news/img/michelmalherbe.JPG&imgreurlhttp://www.guilde.net/r/assemble
e.htm&h23&w350&s31&hlen&start5&um1&tbnidmU7ytSo9NZp3M:&tbnh90&tbnw120&prev/i
mages3q3D2522Michel2BMalherbe25222svnum3 D102um3D12hl3Den2client
3Direox-a2rls3Dorg.moilla:en-US:oicial2sa3DG)
Nathun!
04-0-2007, 01:29 PM
5. (KTTN 107, ngy 01-5-1993)
C phi Hng Nga (vo ca Hu Ngh trong thn thoai Trung Hoa) cn c tn l Thung Nga hay khng? Tai sao?
AN CHI: Vng, Hng Nga cn c tn l Thung Nga. Truc i Hn Vn (179-15 tr. CN), ngui ta vn gi
nng tin n cp thuc trung sinh ny l Hng Nga. Nhung t i Vn nh Hn th do ky hy m nng
uoc ci gi l Thung Nga v ting th nht trong tn ca nng lai trng vi tn hy ca Vn . Tn hy
ca ng vua ny ch l Hng. Ch vit tuy khc nhau nhung cch pht m lai l mt, cho nn ngui ta phi
tm cch thay ting Hng trong tn ca nng bng mt ting khc. Ngui ta chn cho ting hng mt t
ng ngha l thung v ting sau c chung vi ting truc mt nt ngha l din ra hoc tn tai lu di trong
thi gian. C theo nhu t nguyn, Hng Nga hay Thung Nga u c ngha l sc p vnh cu hoc ngui p
trung tn (nga l ngui con gi p hoc sc p ca ngui con gi).
Chnh v nhng l trn m Hng Nga cn c tn l Thung Nga. Trong ting Hn ph thng hin nay (ting Bc
Kinh) Thung Nga c xu hung thng dng hon Hng Nga chnh cng l do tc ky hy ngy xua m ra.
Luom lt ca :
C ngui c cu hi "C phi Hng Nga (vo ca Hu Ngh.." ri hi: "a? Vy ra Hu Ngh l ch Cui h?
Nathun!
07-0-2007, 03:25 PM
57. (KTTN 108, ngy 30-4 & 01-5-1993)
in gi li gii p cu hi v hai ting c l (Kin thc ngy nay s 99, mc Chuyn ng chuyn Ty) nhu
sau. Ko chocolat nhp t Php khong thp nin 1920 - 30. Ngui bit c ting Php pht m l s-c-la cn
gii bnh dn th c trai ra l sc-c-l. a s ngui sinh sng tai Si Gn - Cho Ln thung gi mu nu l
mu s-c-la hay sc-c-l. By gi, hiu Nhi Thin ung c bo ch loai du gi dang sp mm c mu
sc-c-l. Loai du ny ban u uoc gi l du sc-c-l, v sau gi gn l du c l. Khong u thp nin
0, du c l Mac Phsu uoc nhp t Min in, tuy chng c mu c l nhung cng uoc gi l du c l. Ngn
ng l th
AN CHI: Ngui Nam b chua bao gi phin m chocolat thnh sc-c-l. y l dang phin m ca ngui min
Bc. L ngui sanh ra v ln ln tai Si Gn - Cho Ln, t cha sanh m , chng ti chua h nghe dn y
gi chocolat bng ba ci m . V th h cng khng h gi mu chocolat l mu sc-c-l.
Hc gi Vuong Hng Sn, ngui thng thao v c tch v sinh hoat ca t Si Gn v t Nam B, nghe
ngui bnh dn Nam B gi chocolat l s-cu-la t hi cn b. in chp hin ng li ca hc gi ny nhu sau:
Thu nh ti c uoc nghe m con nt cho Sc Trng ht nhu sau: Ac-tap-lch S-cu-la Canh-ti-na Bn-
Kn (.). V sau khi ln hc trung Si Gn, ti mi uoc nm mi tm tablette de chocolat bn tai gc ung
Catinat v Bonard gn Bn-Kn ti mi thy r c l cu ny thu y l do mt mn qu sang trng him c
(mn chocolat - AC) uoc em v x qu, cho Sc Trng yu mn ca ti, nhung bi pht m khng rnh nn
nghe trai b nhu vy chng? (Si Gn nm xua, Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, 1991, tr.10). Th l dn x qu Sc
Trng gi chocolat thnh s-cu-la t ngt 80 nm nay v ni chung dn Nam B chua bao gi gi chocolat
l sc-c-l c.
Du c l Mac Phsu cng khng nhp vo Si Gn hi thp k 0 nhu ng ni m truc rt lu. Tng ai l
ca du c l Mac Phsu tai Si Gn truc y nm trn ung rre Louis (nay l Nguyn Tri, qun Mt), gn
nh th Huyn S, cch cng xe la (nay b) ch c my cn ph. Pha sau lung n nay l ung Pham Ng
Lo, ng qua cho Thi Bnh. Nhung truc khi du c l Mac Phsu c tng ai l tai Si Gn th dn min ty Nam
B bit n n t lu, v cui th k I ngui C L ( Min in) n bun bn tai . H thnh lp
xm gi l xm C L, thuc lng Vnh Ha Hip, cch cho ach Gi khong 13 cy s. m C L ny nay hy
cn tn (. Son Nam, Vic khn hoang vng ach Gi, Tp san S ia, s 19-20, Si Gn, 1970, tr.178).
Vy xin vui lng tch ba ting sc-c-l ra khi t nguyn ca danh t du c l.
Grena'
09-0-2007, 03:02 AM
ch (sic) ny mang ngha l "nguyn vn", tc l ngui vit ch ly nguyn vn cu ni, hay t ng ca mt
ngui khc dn chng, khng phi t t t.
09-0-2007, 11:31 AM
ch (sic) ny mang ngha l "nguyn vn", tc l ngui vit ch ly nguyn vn cu ni, hay t ng ca mt
ngui khc dn chng, khng phi t t t.
(sic) l "sai nhung ch ghi lai theo nguyn vn".
Cu hi ca Natphung l tai sao An Chi lai ghi (sic) sau ch "langage". Ni cch khc tai sao dng langage l
sai.
Nathun!
17-0-2007, 10:37 AM
58. (KTTN 109, ngy 15-5-1993)
Theo ti, ng tr li v khi nim La Hn (Kin thc ngy nay 105) nhu th rt ng nhung tn gi tng vi th
khc. Theo tu liu ca V bo tn bo tng th tn ca 1 vi La Hn l : 1. Tuyt Son, 2. Di Lc, 3. Thuong Na
Ha Tu, 4. Ph Na Da Sa, 5. A Nan Vuong, . Ba Tu Mt, 7. Pht Nan , 8. Phc a Mt a, 9. Hip Tn
Gi, 10. M Minh Ba La, 11. Gi Bi Ma La, 12. Long Th Tn Gi, 13. La Hu La , 14. Tng Gi Nan , 15.
Cuu Ma La a, 1. Da . y l 1 vi La Hn cha Ty Phuong. Vy 1 vi ny l ai so vi 1 vi trong
Php tr k ca Nan Mt La?
AN CHI: Nu ng nhu ng nu th tu liu ca V bo tn bo tng hon ton sai. Tuyt Son, tc Himalaya,
ch l mt ia danh lin quan n s tch Thch Ca. Di Lc l tn c Pht vi lai hin cn trn tng tri u
Sut (theo Pht gio ai thng, ngi l mt vi B Tt. Cn lai l tn cc vi trong 28 vi t su (nhi thp bt t) ca
ao Pht.
A Nan Vuong - T th 2
Thuong Na Ho Tu - T th 3
Ba Tu Mt - T th 7
Pht Nan - T th 8
Phc Ma Mt a (chnh l Phc Ma Mt a) - T th 9
Hip Tn Gi - T th 10
Phc Na Da Sa - T th 11
M Minh - T th 12
Gi Bi La Ma (tc Ca Ty Ma La)- T th 13
Long Th Tn Gi - T th 14
La Hu La - T th 1
Tng Gi Nan - T th 17
Cuu Ma La a - T th 19
Da (tc Da a) - T th 20
Dn gian c th nhm ln m cho rng cc vi La Hn tuy c ao nhung vn cn sng ci trn t
chng sinh (y thc ra l c im ca cc vi B Tt) ch co quan chc nng nhu V bo tn bo tng th
khng th bin 14/28 vi t su ca ao Pht thnh cc vi La Hn, v in tch Pht hc c ghi r danh sch
ring bit ca nhi thp bt t v thp lc La Hn.
Danh sch 1 vi La Hn m chng ti ua ra hon ton thng nht vi danh sch ca on Trung Cn trong
Pht hc t in, c khc l khc hnh thc phin m m thi, th d: KTNN Tn La Bat La a PHT
Tn--la-bat-ra-a-x, KTNN Gi Nc Gi Phat Sa PHT Ca-nc-ca-phat-sa, KTNN Nhn Kit PHT
Nhon-yt-, v.v. l tn ca 1 vi La Hn uoc c Pht phi i truyn b ao Pht nuc ngoi, lm
thnh danh sch quen thuc trong kinh in xua nay. Cn s luong cc vi La Hn th rt nhiu v tuong truyn
rng c n 1250 t ca Pht c qu A La Hn.
Co quan chc nng m sai n nhu th th vn ha nuc nh cn ra lm sao
Nathun!
17-0-2007, 10:54 AM
59. (KTTN 109, ngy 15-5-1993)
Trn Kin thc ngy nay s un Qu Du (tr.2), Hu Thin cho rng hai ting g ng trong thnh ng
mo m g ng l con g hoang ch khng phi con ch. Nhng nm hc trung hc truc gii phng, thy dy
Quc vn c gii thch cho chng ti thnh ng trn nhu sau: Ngha en: n ma ng dc, h hng nh mo
tm noi thanh vng lm tnh, chng han nhu noi g m hoang vng. Cn h nh ch (g ng) bt tng cp
vi nhau ngoi ng rung khi nhng con mua u ma trt xung. Ngha bng: y ch bn thanh nin lu
lng c tnh cm lng nhng by ba. Vy g ng trong thnh ng ni trn l con ch hay con g hoang nhu
Hu Thin ni?
AN CHI: Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c v L Ngc Tr cng ging nhu thy ca ng. Nhung l mt cch
ging khng ng. T in Vit Nam ph thng ca o Vn Tp ng khi ging rng thnh ng ang xt
ng ngha vi mo ng, ch im, dng ch nhng k im ng, du th du thc". y cng l cch ging
ca o Duy Anh trong T in truyn Kiu m chnh ng cng trch dn trong thu: Mo m, g ng,
khng nh, ch nhng hang ngui khng c cn c, v lai, v nhu nhng k trn cha ln chng. Nguyn
Thach Giang cng ging: Mo hoang sng kim ci n noi ngha ia, g hoang sng ng ni, v nhu hang
ngui v lai, khng c s c nht inh (Truyn Kiu, H Ni, 1972, tr.438, cu 1731). Cn sau y l li ca
Nguyn Qung Tun: Ging g ng l con ch th chng c ngha g. Mo m g ng y uoc t i
nhau: mo m, g ng. Mo m l mo hoang, sng tha ma. G ng l g hoang sng ng ni.
Ngui ta v hang v lai, khng c ch nht inh vi loai mo hoang sng lang thang ngoi ngha ia v vi loi
g hoang sng lang thang ngoi ng ni. G ng u c phi ch ni lng m ging l con ch (Ch ngha
Truyn Kiu, H Ni, 1990, tr.58)
Trn y l cch hiu ca cc nh t in v nh ch gii. By gi t thnh ng ang xt vo cu Kiu th
1731 v ngn cnh c th ca oan Kiu 1728-1737 l li mng m ca Hoan b th thy li mng m ny
chng c lin quan g n chuyn trn Bc trong du, ngha l n chuyn quan h nam n lng nhng c.
Hoan b ch mng kiu l hang n b con gi b nh i hoang m thi.
Vy g ng trong thnh ng ang xt khc vi g ng l con ch, dich t ting Hn in k, v uong nhin
l chng c lin quan g n chuyn ch bt cp khi nhng con mua u ma trt xung c.
Ghi ch ca :
C my im m anh Hai An Chi "qun" khng xt n:
1. "Mo m, g ng" l thnh ng Vit Nam, ch khng phi muon t thnh ng Trung Hoa.
2. G ng l mt t dn gian rt t bit ch con ch, cng nhu "tm bay" ch chu chu, "thit Tam
Tang" ch u h, "vat giung" ch mng kh gi, "gach th" ch u h cng (pha nhiu bt, t u nnh), "km
gai" ch rau mung gi, v.v...
3. Mo m l mo hoang. Cn g hoang l g rng ch khng phi g ng.
4. Cp danh t kp ng lp in-k trong ting Hn (v ting Nht na) vn l con ch (*). in-k-du l con
bm bip. in k vi cu trc quan h chnh ph (in b tc ngha cho k) ch con g rung, n thc rng th
mp bo hon con g nui nh. Ngha l g qu biu quan trn, khch qu v khng c lin quan g n vic
lng nhng nam n.
5. Ai dm m bo o Vn Tp, o Duy Anh v Nguyn Qung Tun khng bao gi gii thch sai? Chnh An
Chi cng nhiu ln vach ra cc sai st ca my vi ny. Chnh o Duy Anh trong T in Hn Vit ca ng,
ng cng ging trang 273, mc t in rng "in k G ng con ch". a s cc t in Hn Vit
u gii thch in k l con ch (**)
. D c hiu l "g i hoang" hay "ch bt tng cp ngoi ng" cng u m ch chuyn sex, chuyn trn bc
trong du c.
(*) ch c tn gi l, in k, thanh oa, thanh k, toa nga, cp ngu, thach k, thy k.( Duoc in ng y
online (http://thaythuoccuaban.com/vithuoc/ech.htm) )
(**) V d nhu T in Hn Vit Hin ai do Nguyn Kim Thn ch bin
/tin/ (ng) 1. g ng; 2. ch nhi.
Nathun!
22-0-2007, 05:11 PM
0. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
Tai sao ting Php c Japon ch nuc Nht Bn m cn lai c tn l Nippon? Hai tn ny c g khc nhau?
AN CHI: Ting Php Japon cng vi ting Anh Japan, l phin m theo ting Hn ging Bc Kinh r ben (m Hn
Vit l Nht Bn) ca hai ch t. Cn Nippon l phin m thng t ting Nht; ch Nht, vit theo li omai
(La m t) cng l Nippon. y l tn m chnh ngui Nht dng gi nuc mnh. Trong ting Php, ch c
dang phin m th nht mi l thng dng m thi. Ngui M cng thu nhn ia danh Nippon, do m c
tnh t Nipponese ri danh t Nipponese, ni tt l Nip.
Nathun!
22-0-2007, 05:15 PM
1. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
en, rua l hai ting rt quen thuc trong n cng. C phi ren l do ting Php dentelle cn rua l do ting
Php aour m ra khng?
AN CHI: ua th ng l do ting Php our (hoc aour) m ra, nhung ren th chng c lin quan g n dentelle
c v n lai do ting B o Nha renda m ra. Ting B vo Vit Nam truc c ting Php nhung ch em n
cho ting Vit c vi t t i nhu:
- x bng sabo (Php: savon),
- (dy) ct (dy thiu) corda (Php: ressort hoc spiral),
- (thu) ren renda (Php: dentelle),
- cu rt (cy thnh gi) cru (Php: croix).
Nathun!
27-0-2007, 05:17 PM
2. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
Tai sao b tm hai mnh lai uoc gi l bikini? Nu bi l hai th kini l g?
AN CHI: y, bi khng c ngha l hai m ch l mt m tit v ngha trong ia danh Bikini, tn mt hn o
nh trong qun o Marshall Thi Bnh Duong, noi tr thnh bi th v kh hat nhn ca M t nm 194.
Nhng v th ny tng gy chn ng manh trong du lun nn nhc n Bikini l nhc n nhng v gy
chn ng nhu th. Khi b tm hai mnh cc nh ca phi p ra i th n cng gy chn ng khng km
g nhng v Bikini v vi n, ln u tin, cc ta thin nhin ca tao ha, trong c nhiu ta tuyt tc,
uoc ph by noi cng cng (bi bin, h boi) mt cch gn nhu trn vn n mc mn nhn, ngoai tr my
trng im uoc che ph mt cch qu thiu thn. Do s so snh c tnh cht n d ny m b tm hai
mnh cc nh uoc gi l bikini.
Ngui ta cn choi ch bng cch ngm hiu bi l hai tao thnh danh t ch b tm mt mnh ca phi
n (ch gm c ci slip l loi) l monokini (mono mt). Nhung xin nh rng y ch l tn b tm mt
mnh ca phi p ch ci slip ca nam gii noi bi bin hoc h boi th lai chng uoc vinh d mang tn
mc d cc ng my ru chng bao gi mc . soutien
Bn loan ca Natphung:
D cc ng my ru chng bao gi mc soutien (sic) theo li anh hai An chi, nn chng c ci vinh d uoc k
vi monokini. Th nn cc ng my ru bn b quch ci vung vu i, t mi c danh t "tm tin
(http://vietnamnet.vn/psks/phongsu/2004/08/232742/)". Vy l cc tin ng Trung An tha h m t ho v
sng ch ra t tm tin khi tm sng Hng vi erokini. (Tht ra nhiu noi trn th gii, tm nude khng
phi l iu mi m, nhung n khng c tn gi g c bit).
(sic) Bn ty mi l mt xanh s chng bao gi hiu soutien (http://vdict.com/soutien,5,0.html) l ci nhu nhu
anh hai An Chi hiu. Mun ti n hiu l ci "x ching" th phi gi l soutien-gorge (http://vdict.com/soutien-
gorge,5,0.html).
Bn vo ca :
Tuy vy nhiu cng ty sn xut tm chng nhng khng mun b bt m lai cn thm vo tng doanh s
cho nn mi ra i mt t mi "trikini". Ming th ba l g? lm g? Thua c nhiu kiu gii thch (*) nhung
cch m khoi l ming vi bng mt che nng khi tm nng trong b "ki-ni". Nhu vy th k "ph" ln
ngui "ngm" khng phi ln ln lt lt "i khi trm nhn nhau".
(*) trikini cn l:
1. kiu tm cho ph n c bu;
2. tm cho b gi
3. thuong hiu mt loai tm Trikini (d c mt mnh)
%')hoi
29-0-2007, 01:49 PM
Theo ti ngh chng c ci no, con no l vt t, biu tuong Vit Nam chnh thc c. ng ngi m suy din,
ngui Vit mnh hay c tt thy ngui khc c g th suy din mnh cng phi c....
5. (KTNN 58, ngy 15-11-1992)
C ngui ni rng ngui Php ly con g trng lm vt t cho dn tc mnh. in cho bit tai sao?
AN CHI: Truc ht, xin ci chnh rng con g trng khng phi l vt t (totem) ca dn tc Php.Th n,
ngui ta cng khng ni con g trng m phi ni y l con g trng G-loa (con gaulois). V con g trng
G-loa l mt biu tuong (emblme) - ch khng phi "vt t" - ca dn tc Php. Vt t v biu tuong l hai
khi nim khc nhau. Vic ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tuong c bao hm mt s choi ch nhi trong .
T tin ca ngui Php l ngui G-loa(Gauiois). Ngui G-loa, ting La Tinh gi l Gallus. Danh t Gallus trong
ting La Tinh lai c mt t ng m tuyt i l gallus, c ngha l con g trng. Th l ci v ng m gallus ca
ting La Tinh va biu hin khi nim "ngui G-loa" lai va biu hin khi nim con g trng". Vy c theo
ngn ng ny, ngui ta c th choi ch bng ng thc:
Ngui G-loa (Gallus) con g trng (gallus).
l l do tai sao ngui Php lai ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tuong ca dn tc mnh. Nu ta bit rng
ting Php hin ai l do ting La Tinh thng tc (latin populaire) m ra th ta cng s khng ly lm la tai sao
ngui Php lai cn c vo ting La Tinh chn biu tuong cho dn tc mnh nhu th.
Ghi ch ca :
Ngy nay c my ai bit vt t ca nuc mnh l g? biu tuong ca nuc mnh l g?
Ngay c Vit Nam, th hi t hc sinh cp hai n ... cp bn, c nhng vi c vn bng Tin S, Lut Su,... cu
hi trn, c l chng ta s c nhiu cu tr li ... cui ra nuc mt.
Theo cc ban :
Vt t ca Vit Nam l:
1. Con ng.
2. Con ng v ... b Tin.
3. Thn Kim Quy.
3. Chim bng (ai bng) vt t ca u Vit.
4. Thung lung (c su) vt t ca Lac Vit.
5. kin khc.
Biu tuong ca Vit Nam l:
1. Cy tre.
2. Cy la.
3. Trng ng.
4. Hoa sen.
5. Bn Vit Nam hnh ch S.
. Quc ky.
7. kin khc.
Nathun!
02-07-2007, 12:1 PM
3. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
T maia do u m c? N c ngha g?
AN CHI: Maia cng vit l Maia, l ting . Theo Dominique v Michlle rmy, trong Quid 198, th t ny c
th c mt trong ba ngun gc sau y:
1. Do ting p muaah, c ngha l s che ch cho nhng ngui yu km.
2. Do phuong ng Toscan maia c ngha l s khn kh.
3. Nm 1800, vua x Napoli l erdinand IV, luu vong o Sicilia, lp ra mt i cnh st ngm c th
ngn chn mt s b bt ng ca qun i Php. Ngui ta cho rng ng ly nhng ch u ca nm ting
trong khu lnh hi 1282 m t tn cho t chc ny. Cu l Morte Alla rancia; Italia Anela c ngha l nuc
Php phi cht, nuc mun nhu th. (Trong trn nh Sicilia nm 1282, qun git cht n 8.000 qun
Php). p 5 ch u lai th s c t MAIA.
Nhung d thuc gc no th danh t Maia ngy nay cng khng cn uoc hiu theo ngha xua ca n na. Ngy
nay Maia l con bach tuc khng l v gh gm kim sot t sn xut nng nghip cho n mua bn bt ng
sn, c bac, bun bn v kh, bun bn ma ty, v.v. trn o Sicilia ca nuc . L chn rt ca n hoc tuong
t nhu n, cn c cc t chc nhu Ndranghetta Calabria (), Camorra Napoli () v Cosa Nostra M.
Nathun!
02-07-2007, 12:17 PM
4. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
in cho bit xut x ca my ting m t (lnh cnh st thi truc).
AN CHI: M t l do phin m t ting M Lai manta-mata c ngha l cnh st. Hnh thc gc ban u l ma t,
theo ghi nhn ca Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca trong ai Nam quc m t vi. V sau, ma uoc pht m thnh m.
in nh rng ting Vit, nht l ia phuong Nam B, c nhiu t gc M Lai. Thm mt v d: x ch, ngui
nh xe nga, l do ting M Lai sas.
Nathun!
09-07-2007, 01:22 PM
5. (KTTN 110, ngy 01--1993)
in cho bit s tch kt c ngm vnh.
AN CHI: Thnh ng ting Vit kt c ngm vnh l dich t ting Hn kt tho hm hon, bt ngun t hai s
tch ring bit. Ngy V T i nh Tn rt yu qu ngui vo l nn khi hp hi th dn con trai l Ngy Kha
hy chn ngui vo l vi mnh. Ngy Kha khng nh lng nn sau khi cha cht th cho vo l ca cha i ly
chng khc. V sau, Kha i nh gic, sp thua tung nh Tn l Hi th bng dung thy Hi bi vung c
m ng. Nh th, Ngy Kha bt uoc Hi. m v, Kha nm mng thy c mt ng gi n ni: Cm v
ng khng chn sng con gi ti nn ti kt c lm vung chn gic cu ng. l chuyn kt c.
Sau y l chuyn ngm vnh: i nh Hn c Duong Bo mi ln chn tui i choi pha Bc ni Hoa m, thy
mt con chim s vng bi chim ct cn gn cht. Bo em v nui gn mt trm ngy chim mi khe lai ri bay
i. m y c ng t o vng ming ngm bn chic vng ngc n bi ta m ni: "Ta l s gi ca Ty Vuong
Mu, truc nh ngui cu vt nn nay n n on ngui y. Cu cho con chu ngui sau ny cng s vinh
hin. Ngui ta k rng qu nhin v sau con ca Bo l Chn, chu l Bnh, cht l T v cht l Buu u uoc
vinh hin.
Thnh ng kt c ngm vnh v sau thung uoc dng nhu mt li nguyn n on p ngha trng hu.
Nathun!
09-07-2007, 01:31 PM
. (KTTN 111, ngy 15--1993)
Tai sao Phi-lp-pin (Philippines) l mt nuc ng Nam m lai c mt tn rt Ty? Ngui Phi-lp-pin ni ting
g?
AN CHI: Nguyn Phi-lp-pin l thuc ia ca Ty Ban Nha t nm 155, dui triu vua Phi-lp nhi. nh
du rng y l t ai h chim uoc dui triu ca Phi-lp ( nhi), ting Ty Ban Nha l elipe, ngui Ty
Ban Nha gi l Islas ilipinas, ni tt thnh ilipinas. y l s nhiu ca ilipina, ging ci ca ilipino,
ngha l thuc v elipe. Islas ilipinas l cc hn o ca Phi-lp, ngui Php dich thnh Iles philippines, ri ni
tt thnh Philippines.
Ngui Phi-lp-pin ni ting Tagal (cng gi l Tagalog) l th ting uoc chn lm ngn ng quc gia. y l
mt ngn ng thuc h M Lai - a o (malayo-polynsien). Ginh uoc c lp nm 194 t tay M (Ty Ban
Nha nhuong o quc ny cho M t nm 1898), ngui Phi-lp-pin vn da theo ting Ty Ban Nha l
ilipinas m gi tn nuc mnh l Pilipinas (ting Tagal khng c m nn thay th m ny bng p).
Li bn ca :
Vit Nam c nhiu ia danh tung l ting Ty, nhung thc ra lai l ... ting Vit 100 phn trm.
Th d nhu ia danh aio (Phai-pho) Thun Hi. Cc ban khoa ia L - ia Cht c k cho nghe s tch
ny. Ngy xua, khi "ng Ty cng dy thp ha ia nuc Nam" lun c thy thng, thy k An Nam i theo
ghi chp. Khi n vng n, t trn cao nhn xung thy l nh rt nhiu tng vi trng xa, trng ging
nhu ph x nhp nh ca mt thnh ph dui thung lng, quan Ty mi hi : "Phai pho?" (Phi ph [khng]?)
Thy k khng bit vng ny, tung quan trn mun t tn cho vng t l "Phai-pho" bn chua nguyn m
vo bn . T c tn "Ty" Phai-pho.
Tn ngui cng c chuyn tuong t, nhu chuyn ai Cathay (anh ai xm Cathay), bi hiu ln thnh ai-ca
Thay (ai-ca tn Thay). Chuyn ny th ting Ty lai bi hiu lm l ting Vit.
Nathun!
1-07-2007, 03:31 PM
7. (KTTN 111, ngy 15--1993)
T in Php Vit ca y ban khoa hc x hi Vit Nam (1981) ging Cauris l c tin (v c xua dng lm
tin chu Phi) cn T in Anh Vit cng ca y ban khoa hc x hi Vit Nam (1975) th ging Cowrie l: 1.
c tin, 2. Tin v c ( Nam Phi v Nam ). Khng thy ni n Trung Quc. Vy Trung Quc xua c dng v
c lm tin hay khng?
AN CHI: Ngui Trung Hoa thi xua vn c dng v c lm tin (dng bi xc tc ha t). S, c ting Hn
gi l bi, ch Hn vit l .
Cc nh kho c hc v Trung Hoa thng k uoc trn 100 loai s, c tng uoc dng lm tin nhung chnh
con c tin mi l ph bin v thng dng hon ht. Con c ny, ting Hn gi l m no bi. V n uoc dng
lm tin nn ngui ta gi n l ha bi (c tin). Do cng dng c bit ny m ngui ta cn gi n l bu bi
(c qu). Li ni ny vn cn tn tai cho n ngy nay v uoc dng theo php n d ch vt qu him, vt
hm cha php la hoc iu mu nhim. Ting Php gi c tin l cauris, ting Anh l cowrie hoc cowry, ting
Nht gi l t an bi (koyasugai); tn khoa hc l Cypreae moneta. Bn thn ch bi khi n cn giai oan
thc s tuong hnh, chnh l hnh mt con c th ru (xc tu) ra khi v. Hai nt lm thnh ch bt pha
dui ca ch bi chnh l hai ci ru . Quch Mat Nhuoc cn khng inh dt khot rng ch bi ch thi l
tuong hnh con c tin na (. N l ch thi ai, Bc Kinh, 1973, tr. 280).
Chnh v con bi tng uoc dng lm tin cho nn trong ch Hn, nhng ch ghi lai cc khi nim c lin
quan n tin u thuc b bi, nhu bn (ngho), tin (hn), qu (sang), tr (cha), tham (ham tin), mi
(mua), mai (bn), (nh bac), v.v.
V nhu cu trao i cng ngy cng pht trin m c tin lai cng ngy cng kh tm nn v sau ngui ta phi
nung c bng gm (o bi), gt c bng xuong (ct bi), mi c bng (thach bi) thm ch bng ngc (dao
bi) m lm tin p ng nhu cu . Cui cng ngui ta c c bng ng (ng bi). Vic ny nh du
s ra i ca tin bng kim loai trong lich s tin t Trung Hoa. Tin ng bt u c t i Chu nhung thi
v c vn cn tip tc uoc dng lm tin. Ch n i Tn Thy Hong th vic ny mi bi cm hn.
Ghi ch ca :
Gii t (etymology) ca ch bi vn l hnh con c tin. Ch vit u tin l hnh v hai mnh v s (c) pht
trin dn gin luoc n cch vit ca ch bi ngy nay. em thm hnh minh ha, t vng v th d km theo
dui y.
http://i.photobucket.com/albums/y23/vincentvunguyen/beiMedium.pg
Nathun!
1-07-2007, 03:3 PM
8. (KTTN 111, ngy 15--1993)
Ngui ta ni rng con c l mt loai rng c th chui dui t m ng hng trm nm, mi ln n thc dy,
chuyn mnh th tri long t l, sp nh ca. Do mi c cu c dy, ng khng?
AN CHI: Qu tht mi ln c dy l mt ln dng to gi ln, c th gy ra ca sp nh. Nhung c dy ch l
mt cch din at theo quan nim v ngn ng dn gian ch hin tuong thi tit ni trn m thi. S tht th
chng c con c no dy sau mt gic ng hng trm nm c. Cng nhu khi ngui ta ni gu n trng l
ngui ta mun ch hin tuong nguyt thc, ngha l hin tuong mt trng bi ti mt phn hoc ton phn trong
mt lc v i vo vng ti ca tri t. Ch s tht th chng c ch gu no ly mt trng lm nhm m
nhu vi ba xi c. Hoc na, khi ngui ta ni rng ht nuc th cng chng c con rng no bi con kht hnh
ha. chng qua l ct nuc hoc ct hoi nuc chuyn ng thnh con xoy do gi gy ra m thi.
Nathun!
30-07-2007, 01:12 PM
9. (KTTN 111, ngy 15--1993)
Hnh nhu theo xu hung gn y, c ngui trong gii nghin cu lai cho rng con voi tng sinh sng luu
vc sng Hong H ca Trung Hoa. iu la lng ny c th no ng hay khng?
AN CHI: Khng phi l c ngui, m l c nhiu ngui thuc nhiu lnh vc khoa hc khc nhau, khng inh
iu bng nhng c liu chc chn.
V kho c hc, ngui ta nhiu ln o uoc xuong voi luu vc sng Hong H. iu ny chng t rng
con voi tng sinh sng tai y. Gip ct hc (nghin cu ni dung nhng li bi khc trn ym ra hoc
xuong th thuc i nh Thuong, o uoc An Duong, H Nam) cng gp phn khng inh iu ny. Th d
trong mt li bi, ngui ta c uoc cu: m nay phi sn cho uoc mt con voi. Nu ging voi khng
sinh sng tai th ngui i Thuong ly g m sn? Vt hu hc (phnologie) cng gp phn ca n vo s
khng inh trn y. Ngui ta chng minh rng i Thuong (tk VI n tk I tr.CN) kh hu tnh H Nam
thch hop vi cc ng vt nhit i v nhit i. Nhit trung bnh hng nm tai y lc by gi cao hon
ngy nay 2C cn mc chnh lch ca nhit trung bnh trong thng Ging duong lich l 3 n 5C. By gi
cy tre mc H Nam v con tru cng tng sng tai . Vy khng phi l la nu by gi c . voi.
V vn t hc, ch Hn m hin nay c theo m Hn-Vit l vi v c ngha l lm, ch Hn trong gip
ct vn i Thuong lai chnh l hnh mt con voi. (Ch ny ngy nay ch cn uoc dng theo li gi t, ngha l
muon m v t dang ca ch sn c ghi mt t c ngha khc). Ta khng nn tung tuong rng con vt
lm hnh mu cho ci ch gip ct kia l con (hoc nhng con) vt uoc tin cng t phuong Nam nhit i xa
xi m nn bnh tm tha nhn rng phi l nhng con vt tng sinh sng tai noi o uoc xuong ca
chng. Tt c nhng c liu tm tt trn y u gp phn khng inh rng iu la lng m ng thc mc chnh
lai l chuyn c tht. Duy c iu l do kh hu thay i cho nn ngy nay con voi khng cn sng uoc H
Nam - thuc luu vc sng Hong H - na m thi.
Nathun!
30-07-2007, 01:1 PM
70. (KTTN 112, ngy 01-7-1993)
Con lon ca Epicure ngha l g? V ch Epicure l tn ca ai?
AN CHI: Epicure l mt trit gia ngui Hy Lap, sinh tai Samos (c thuyt ni l tai Athnes) nm 341 tr. CN.
Cha ng, Nacls, l mt nh gio. Ni nghip cha, nm 311 ng m trung day hc Mytilne(*), trn o
Lesbos. Nm 310, ng di n Lampsaque. Nm 30, ng n Athnes. Tai y ng tu mt khu vun m
trung. Do m trung phi ca Epicure uoc gi l trung phi Vun tuoc (ting Php: cole du Jardin).
ng mt nm 270, th 71 tui. Epicure tng vit n 300 chuyn lun nhung tt c u tht truyn,
ngoai tr mt vi bc thu v mt s cu trch dn.
Con lon ca Epicure - dich t ting Php pourceau dEpicure - l mt danh ng dng ch ca ch ngha
khoi lac, ni nm na l k am m tu sc. S d c li ni ny l v ngui i, khi u l ngui ng thi vi
Epicure, cho rng ng rao ging s tn hung nim vui xc thit v nhng khoi cm do gic quan em lai. C
k nhu Timocrate cn ni vu rng Epicure ma mt ngy hai ln v n ung qu no say, lai cn k rng ng
tiu xi c mt kho bu cho mi ba n.
Thc t th lai khc hn. Ngy nay cc nh nghin cu nh gi ng con ngui v tu tung ca Epicure.
Jean Brun chng han, nhn manh rng mt ngui bit hi lng vi ch bnh m v nuc l, vit thu bo
mn gi n cho mnh mt h nh pho-mt ch chn, sng am bac n mc gn nhu kh hanh th
lm sao c th rao ging ch ngha khoi lac uoc (. Lpicurisme, Paris, 1974, p. 27). Cn chnh Epicure th
ni v hc thuyt ca mnh nhu sau: Khi chng ti ni rng nim khoi lac l iu thin ti thuong, chng ti
khng ngh n nhng s tha thu ca nhng k try lac, cng khng phi nhng s tha thu lin quan n
s th hung vt cht nhu mt vi ngui ni v h khng ng vi hc thuyt ca chng ti hoc v h hiu
sai n. Nim khoi lac m chng ti ni y lin quan n s bt tn tai ca nan au n th xc v ni xo
ng tm hn (Dn theo J. Brun, sd, tr. 94).
Ni v vai tr ca Epicure, J. Brun vit: l mt con ngui tng chim nghim su sc v s suy i v v
cc dang khc nhau ca chng cung loan tp th (.) ng mun ch r cho con ngui rng v h l nhng k
tc tao ra s sp ca bn thn cho nn h phi c kh nng tr thnh nhng ngui lm ch vn mnh ca
chnh mnh (Sd, tr. 95).
C nhn chng ti th lai rt tm c vi cu sau y ca Epicure: Ti hi lng hi da v khoi cm xc thit khi
ti t nui sng mnh bng bnh m v nuc l (Dn theo J. Brun, sd, tr. 95).
(*) Ghi ch ca Natphung: C noi vit l Mythilne.
Nathun!
31-07-2007, 04:3 PM
71. (KTTN 112, ngy 01-7-1993)
ng Tn Tht Thuyt, chng Php, chay qua Tu v cht bn y. Ngui Tu c ving ng mt i cu i.
in cho bit hai cu i y.
AN CHI: Phong Chu ghi v i cu i nhu sau:
Th Ty bt cng i thin, van c anh hn quy Tuong Qun;
H gi bit tm tnh ia, thin nin tn ct tng Long Chu.
Dich:
Th Ty khng i tri chung, mun thu anh hn v qun Tuong;
Gip cha ring tm ci thc, ngn nm xuong nt gi Long Chu.
C quyn vit l phuong danh quy Tuong qun v tn ct k Long Chu. (Cu i Vit Nam, H Ni, 1991, tr.
93).
Chng ti cho rng ch th 11 ca cu sau c l phi l k (i vi quy cu truc), do ly thnh ng sinh k
t quy (sng gi thc v). Cn cu truc th chng ti cho rng anh hn hop v hay hon l phuong danh.
Nathun!
31-07-2007, 04:38 PM
72. (KTTN 112, ngy 01-7-1993)
Trong mt s ti liu xua v Cng gio bng ting Vit c hai ting vt v. Vy vt v l g v u l ngun gc
ca n?
AN CHI: Vt-v c ngha l gim mc. y l mt t phin m. Thanh Lng cho rng dang phin m ny bt
ngun t ting cng ngha l vscovo. Cn chng ti th cho rng n bt ngun mt t cng ngha trong
ting B o Nha l bispo. in ni thm rng ting vscovo, ting B o Nha bispo v ting Php vque
u bt ngun t ting La Tinh episcopus.
Nathun!
31-07-2007, 04:44 PM
73. (KTTN 113, 7-1993)
Do tch g m ngui Anh lai gi ch r (bridegroom) l ngui gi nga (groom) ca c du (bride)? C chuyn g
na n chuyn anh hong t (r ca vua) uoc gi l ph m chng?
AN CHI: y khng c chuyn g na n chuyn v bridegroom xt theo t nguyn vn khng phi l ch gi
nga ca c du. Hnh thi c ai ca n l brydguma. Bryd l c du cn guma l ngui n ng, ngui anh
hng. Vy brudguma l bc tu mi ca nng du, l ng anh hng ca nng. Hnh thi c ai ny din tin
mt cch t nhin sang hnh thi trung ai to ky l brudgume, ri mat ky l bridegome. n y th bt u c
xy ra s c: gome dn dn khng cn uoc ngui Anh s dng nhu mt hnh vi c lp na. Cui cng, ngoai
tr bridegome, n khng cn uoc phn b trong cu trc t php hoc c php no khc. V khng cn
bit n n na nn ngay c trong bridegome ngui Anh cng khng cm nhn uoc rng n l mt thnh t c
ngha. Trong thc ca h, ch l bridegrome bi ni sai i v grome ( ngui gi nga) mi c ngha ch cn
gome th khng. V h phc hi dang bridegrome theo kiu t nguyn dn gian (olk etymology) m
khng h ng rng y ch l mt hnh thi tim lp (intrusive). Do grome tr thnh groom - y nhu lome
(khung ci) thnh loom, blome (hoa) tr thnh bloom, brome (cy chi) tr thnh broom, v.v. nn bridegrome
tr thnh bridegroom nhu ang bit hin nay.
Vy c theo hnh thi hin ai m phn tch th bridegroom qu l anh chng gi nga ca c du, nhung xt
theo t nguyn th ch c th l ngui anh hng ca nng m thi.
"onan'o#le*+,-
02-08-2007, 10:24 AM
Tnh c ti uoc c cch y t lu mt bi vit v An Chi/Hu Thin/V Thin Hoa, uoc bit hc gi ny c
mt cuc i tht thng trm. Hm nay lai uoc c nhng bi vit ca chnh An Chi do Vnn post ln Tve. Ti
thy rt xc ng v cm kch v cuc sng em n cho mnh nhng iu bt ng nhu vy. Cm on Vnn rt
nhiu v nhng iu bc/ ch (xin li v conan khng bit xung h th no cho phi ao) lm cho ban c Tve
ni chung.
Nathun!
10-08-2007, 04:43 PM
74. (KTTN 113, 7-1993)
Ting Hn c li ni li nhu ting Vit hay khng (th d ni li ng ty thnh y tng)? V ngui Trung
Hoa c choi ch bng li ni li hay khng?
AN CHI: Trong bi Ni li trong ting Vit (Ngn ng, s 3, 1971, tr.34-40 v 3), L Huy Nguyn khng
inh rng ting Hn khng c kh nng ni li. y l mt iu sai lm v cu trc ca m tit trong ting
Hn, nht l ting Hn c, cho n mt tim nng ni li rt di do. Chnh tim nng ny tao ra cho m
vn hc c in Trung Hoa li phin thit rt hu hiu ghi m ch Hn trong cc t thu v vn thu. Phin
thit chnh l d kin ni li. Khng i su vo nhng nguyn tc ghi phin thit v c phin thit, chng ti
ch xin ni rng, ni chung, ngui ta ch cn ni li hai ting (ghi bng hai ch) dng phin thit ri ly ting
th nht li uoc: m ca ting ny chnh l m ca ch uoc phin thit. Th d ch nhn C uoc phin
thit thnh nhu ln (Qung vn, ung vn) hoc nhi ln (Tp vn, Vn hi, Chnh vn). Ni li th nhu ln
thnh nhn lu, nhi ln thnh nhn li. Nhn (ting th nht li uoc) chnh l m ca ch ang xt.
Ngui Trung Hoa cng c choi ch bng li ni li m h gi l phin ng. Mt s nh nghin cu ca h cng
c luu tm n hin tuong ny, chng han C Vim V trong thin m lun hoc Luu Phin Toai trong Lc
triu ung ai phin ng kho, v.v.
dn chng v li choi ch ny, xin nu ln trung hop ca vua Tng Minh (45-472) thi Nam Bc Triu
(420-589). Tuong truyn rng y l mt ng vua tnh hay ght ngui. V ght Vin n m tn c l Vin Mn
nn ng ta ni li tn ca ng ny thnh vn mn. mun ni ng ny vp ca m t ng (vn l roi t trn
xung, mn l ca). in ch l thi , vin uoc c gn nhu vuon, mn gn nhu mn, vn gn nhu vn v
mn th c gn nhu muon. Vy Vuon Mn (nay l Vin Mn) ni li th thnh vn muon (nay l vn mn). ng
vua kh chiu cng ni li tn c ca Luu Thuyn l Luu Thm thnh lm thu. mun ni rng Luu
Thuyn roi vo tnh trang bi th ght. Cng xin ch rng ch th (trong th nghich) c theo ng m Hn
Vit chnh thng hin ai phi l thu.
Vy r rng l ting Hn cng c kh nng ni li v ngui Trung Hoa cng c li choi ch bng ni li.
Nathun!
10-08-2007, 04:55 PM
75. (KTTN 113, 7-1993)
Nuc cam l l nuc g?
AN CHI: Cam l l m xua ca cam l (Ss. la l ~ la l, lng lon ~ lng loan, m (m) ~ m, v.v.). Theo
ngha en th cam l ngt cn l l suong. Ngui ta thung c theo ngha en m ging rng cam l l mt th
suong ngt lm mt diu lng ngui. Nhung l khng ch c ngha l suong m cn c ngha l th ruou thom
ngon (T hi: tu vi phuong huong gi chi xung) nhu trong mai qu l, tung vi l, v.v. Vy cam l y l
mt th ruou ngon ngt.
Hai ting cam l uoc ngui Trung Hoa dng dich ting Sanskrit amta m ngha gc l bt t (a phi,
bt + mta cht). Amta l hnh thc tnh luoc ca amta-rasa c ngha l trung sinh tu, bt t l (amta
bt t + rasa thc ung). Trong huyn thoai n , amta l mt th ruou c quyn nng ky b uoc tao ra
khi cc vi thn hoc cc con qu nh cho bin sa dy ln. Ting Anh v ting Php phin m thnh amrita.
Vy cam l, dich t ting Sanskrit amta, c ngha l ruou trung sinh. Ngui Trung Hoa cng cn phin m t
Sanskrit ny thnh a mt l a.
on Trung Cn vit v cam l nhu sau: Cng dich l Bt-t tu (Thuc ruou ung chng cht), Trung
sanh tu (Thuc ruou ung vo sng mi), Thin tu (Thuc ruou ca chu Thin). y l th thuc nuc ngon
ngt, thom tho, linh diu, lm ung ca chu Tin, chu Thn: Cam l l cht thuc Tin, thuc Pht, ngon
ngt v linh diu hon cc thuc phm, h rui ln mnh ai th ngui y dt ht bnh tt, du sp cht cng uoc
sng lai. (Pht hc t-in, q. I, tr. 312-3).
Amta thung uoc so snh vi cht ambrosia (ting Php: ambroisie) l thc n ca cc vi thn trong huyn
thoai Hy Lap. Ai n uoc n th s uoc tr, p vnh vin; cc n thn cn dng n lm m phm. Thn Zeus
cng dng n xc nhng ln tc qun ca mnh na. Ch : ambrosia l danh t phi sinh t ambrotos c
cu tao ht nhu amta, ngha l: a (phi, bt) + mbrotos (nay brotos cht).
Nathun!
23-08-2007, 04:35 PM
7. (KTTN 113, 7-1993)
Tai sao biu tuong SEA Games VII 1993 t chc tai Singapore lai l con su t?
AN CHI: V SEA Games ln ny uoc t chc tai Singapore m Singapore c ngha l Thnh ph Su t.
Singapore (ting Anh) v Singapour (ting Php) l phin m t ting M Lai Singapura, vn uoc xem l bt
ngun t ting Sanskrit Simhapura, trong Simha l su t, pura l thnh ph (trong ting M Lai hin nay
singa l su t cn thnh ph th lai l puri).
Tuy nhin, c ngui ua mt nguyn t khc cho ngun gc ca Singapura. Marc einhorn, trong
Dictionnaire laotien-ranais (t.I, Paris, 1970, p.07, art. Siqkpo) cho rng l ting Sanskrit Srngapura
ngha l Thnh ph Mi t. Ting Sanskrit srnga c ngha l sng, mi nhn, nh, mi t, v.v. Kin gii ny
khng phi l khng c l v Srngapura c cu tao v ngha ging nhu tn Thnh ph Mi t ca Nam Phi m
ting Arikaans (ting H Lan ni quc gia Nam Phi v l mt trong nhng ngn ng chnh thc ca nuc ny)
l Kaapstad cn ting Anh l Cape Town (Kaap cape mi t; stad town thnh ph).
Nathun!
23-08-2007, 04:43 PM
77. (KTTN 114, ngy 15-7-1993)
Trong bi i iu thu luom quanh Hn t (Vn ngh, s 43, 1992), Nguyn Du c ni rng Nguyn Du
dng nhm my ting lu xanh v thanh lu khin cho my chc triu ngui Vit u ngh rng lu xanh l noi
cha ca k (gi im). ng ni rng Trung Quc, ngui ta khng h coi thanh lu l im m lai hiu
l nh cao lu ca nhng ngui ph qu. Vy c ng l Nguyn Du nhm hay khng? Tc gi cn ni rng
do c sai m tt c cc nh nho Vit Nam t c n gi u gi hai ci ht ca ging c l dich hon nhung
c t ngui Trung Hoa u gi l cao hon. C tht ng nhu th khng?
AN CHI: V hai ting thanh lu, T hi ging nhu sau:
1. Lu Hung Quang ca V , bn trn son xanh, ngui i gi l thanh lu (V Hung Quang lu, thuong thi
thanh tt, th nhn vi chi thanh lu).
2. Ch lu gc ca nh ho ph (Vi ho gia chi lu).
3. Ch lu ca ngui p (Vi m nhn s cu chi lu)
4. Ch noi hnh ngh ca gi im (Vi k vin d)
Vy Nguyn Du khng nhm v ci ngha do Nguyn Du nu ln ch l mt trong bn ngha ca hai ting
thanh lu m thi.
Cn chuyn "hai ci ht ca ging c th lai hon ton ng nhu Nguyn Du nu. l trung hop tc
nh t, ng nh qu v t dang ca ch dich v ch cao rt ging nhau: chng ch khc nhau nt
phy ' pha trn bn tri ca ch m thi. Hn Vit t in ca o Duy Anh, Hn Vit t in ca Thiu
Chu, Hn Vit tn t in ca Nguyn Quc Hng u phin m ng ch ang xt l cao v u ging cao
hon l ngoai thn hn di (o Duy Anh), hn di (Nguyn Quc Hng), hat di (Thiu Chu).
Tr tru l ngy nay hu nhu khng ai ni cao hon m ch ni dich hon. Hai ting ny uoc T in ting
Vit do Vn Tn ch bin ging l hai hn di ca n ng v ca mt s ng vt ging c. Cn T in
ting Vit 1992 th ghi: dich hon, d.x. tinh hon m tinh hon th uoc ging l co quan sinh ra t bo sinh
dc c. rng l dng t sai y, nhung chng bit c ai mun sa lai cho ng hay khng.
25-08-2007, 07:4 AM
Tai sao khng gi la bn l kim ch bc?
http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Khoa-hoc/2007/07/3B98ACC/15.pg
La bn. nh: Stanleylondon.
Nu t bt c u, chic kim la bn cng quay v hung bc. Th nhung ngui Vit lai gi n l kim ch nam.
Khi ni v mt vn quan trng c ngha chin luoc lu di, chng ta thung dng t kim ch nam, chng
han: "Li nguyn uc thit tha ca ngui cha lc no cng nhu kim ch nam anh vuot qua mi gian kh". Li
ni hnh tuong ny uoc xy dng t mt vt dng kh quen thuc trong i sng, l la bn.
La bn l mt dng c gm kim nam chm c hai cc bc - nam quay t do quanh mt trc. Do nh hung ca
t trung tri t m d t bt c u song song vi tri t, chic kim t tnh kia cng quay v hung bc,
t hung bc s tm ra hung nam, sau l ng v ty. La bn thung c hai kim tri chiu v phn bit,
ngui ta thung son bng hai mu khc nhau.
Vi chc nng nhu vy, la bn l dng c inh hung khng th thiu cho nhng ngui i rng, i bin hay i
vo vng xa la hoang vng d lac ung. Ngui chu u truc kia hay dng la bn mt kim, ch hung Bc (c
l do cc thy th, ngu dn thung c hnh trnh v Bc Cc). Nhung tai sao ngui Vit Nam lai gi n l kim
ch nam m khng phi kim ch bc?
La bn uoc ngui Trung Quc pht minh t th k 1. Theo gio su Nguyn Thach Giang, cc triu ai phong
kin Trung Quc tn dng trit tnh nng ny ca la bn. Cc on qun t thi nh Tn cho n sau ny
vn c thi quen bnh trung lnh th bng cc cuc hnh trnh bnh inh v phuong Nam. Mi ao qun u c
mt la bn th so vi chic kim ch nam son chi. Vy l cc tung s nht t phi nga nhm hung nam
thng tin. Bt lun th no, cuc chinh phc cng ch nhn v mt pha thi. y c l l co s chnh lm
nn ng ngha hm n cho cm t "kim ch nam" trong ting Vit.
(Theo Khoa Hc & i Sng)
V khi nim kim ch nam
Ngui gi: Nguyn Ngha
Truc khi xut hin la bn (hoc ia bn), ngui Trung Quc tng c phuong tin gip nhn bit phuong
hung c tn gi ch nam xa. N l mt c xe c nhiu bnh xe rng cua ni vi hai trc bnh xe, lm cho mt
hnh ngui trn xe lc no cng cha cnh tay v hung Nam.
Sch "Kim Bn Kim Ch" chp rng "S Vit Thung ti cng hin bach tr mt con, hc tr hai con, ng voi mt
chic. S gi qun mt ung v, Chu Cng bn ban cho bng hoa tm, biu xa 5 c iu ch bng tu nam (ch
nam xa). Khin s gi ci xe i v phuong nam. Ni theo min bin Ph Nam Lm p ng mt nm mi ti
nuc , sai quan ai Phu ua v. Lai ci xe tu nam i nguoc lai hung do xe ch, y mt nm ti nuc Chu.
Trc xe v u trc xe iu ch bng st, khi v ti nuc Chu, st u mn c."
V sau, khi xut hin la bn, do nh hung ca thi quen lu nm vi ch nam xa, n cng uoc gi l kim ch
nam.
kin ca ban? (http://vnexpress.net/ContactUs/?debMaster@vnexpress.net)
Nathun!
01-09-2007, 04:08 PM
78. (KTTN 114, ngy 15-7-1993)
Trong cu :
D xy chn bc ph
Khng bng lm phc cu cho mt ngui
Th chn bc c phi l cu phm khng v ph l g?
AN CHI: Ph (cng nhu Pht , Pht ) vn l hnh thc phin m bng ting Hn (c theo m Hn Vit)
ca ting Sanskrit buddha, c ngha l Pht. Dn dn n bi dng sai i v uoc xem l ng ngha vi t thp,
dang tt ca thp b, phin m t ting Sanskrit stupa.
Sau khi ph uoc dng theo ngha ca thp th n lai c thm ngha phi sinh l ci chp lng (tn nh) v
chp lng c hnh dang ca mt ci thp t hon. Thin Nghi v trong Kim s dng danh t ph theo
ngha ny ghi chp vic qui inh cch thc v cp bc cho vic s dng cc loai chp lng: kim ph (chp
lng bng vng), kim ngn ph (chp lng bng bac ma vng), ngn ph (chp lng bng bac), chu
ph (chp lng mu son) v thanh ph (chp lng mu xanh).
Trong lin lc bt nu, ph chnh l ci thp, ngha l mt cng trnh kin trc uoc xy ln chn x loi
(tro xuong) ca c Pht, ca cc bc cao tng, ai c. Chn bc khng phi l cu phm (chn phm trt ca
cc quan) m l cu trng ( chn tng).
Nathun!
01-09-2007, 04:14 PM
79. (KTTN 114, ngy 15-7-1993)
Vi b H un Huong th nuong long c ngha l ngc thiu n:
Ym o tr xung dui nuong long.
Nhung vi mt nh tho min Nam cn ai c hai cu lc bt t bn ci khoi ca con ngui th nuong long lai l
ci hu mn:
Com Phin Mu, chiu Trn on
Nga nghing loan phng, nh nhng nuong long.
in cho bit ngha no ng, ngha no sai.
AN CHI: Ta thy v ci khoi th nht, tc gi khng nhc n ming m ni com Phin Mu; v ci khoi th
hai, ng khng nhc n hai con mt m ni chiu Trn on; v ci khoi th ba, ng khng nhc n ci .
g ca n v ca nam m ni nga nghing loan phng. Vy v ci khoi th tu, l no ng lai phi nhc n
ca sau?
Nuong long c ngha l ngc - khng ch l ngc thiu n - t n c mt ngha rng l khoang bng, l da
ri t ngha rng ny n mi c ngha bng l lng da nhu ging trong ai Nam quc m t vi ca Hunh-
Tinh Paulus Ca hoc Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c v L Ngc Tr.
Trong lin tho lc bt trn y, nuong long uoc dng theo ngha rng (khoang bng, da). Khi ngui ta i
chy l ngui ta bi tho da. Khi ngui ta n khng tiu l ngui ta bi cng da (A. de hodes ghi trong T in
Vit-B-La: Cng da. Khng tiu, y cng bng).
Cn khi ngui ta i mt cch bnh thung, khng qu cht qu kh v bi to bn, cng khng . t re v bi To
Tho ruot, th ngui ta cm thy nh bng, m da, ngha l nh nhng nuong long. Vy nuong long khng c
ngha l hu mn.
Nathun!
27-09-2007, 10:49 AM
80. (KTTN 114, ngy 15-7-1993)
in cho bit mc cm -p l g. C phi -p l nhn vt huyn thoai git cha ly m hay khng?
AN CHI: Oedipe (-p) l mt nhn vt huyn thoai Hy Lap, git cha l Laios, vua thnh Thbes (in phn
bit vi Thbes Ai Cp) - m khng bit l cha mnh - ri ly m l Jocaste - m cng khng bit l m
mnh - v c c vi m hai con trai l Etocle v Polynice, hai con gi l Antigone v Ismne. Khi bit ra s
vic, Jocaste treo c t t cn Oedipe th mc mt t trng phat v ti git cha v ti loan lun vi m.
Do tch ny m ting Php c danh t oedipisme c ngha l t mc mt.
Muon tn v tch ca Oedipe t huyn thoai trn, ng t ca phn tm hc l Sigmund reud tao ra thut
ng mc cm Oedipe (ting Php: complexe dOedipe) m ng gii thch nhu sau: Trong khi m n hy cn
hon ton tr tho, a con trai bt u cm thy mt s tru mn c bit i vi ngui m: n xem m nhu l
vt s hu ring ca n, thy noi ngui cha mt i th tranh ginh vi n quyn lm ch vt s hu ; ging
nhu a con gi thy noi ngui m mt k quy ri nhng quan h quyn luyn ca n vi ngui cha v chim
mt vi tr m n, a con gi, mun uoc quyn c chim (.) Thi (.) chng ti t cho ci tn l mc
cm Oedipe (Introduction l psychanalyse, trad. r. Paris, 19, pp. 190-191).
Khi phn tch v chng so (phobie) ca a b trai 5 tui m mi biu hin uoc cha n tung thut mt
cch chu o cho ng, reud vit nhu sau: Khi ngui ta lm diu i s so hi m thng b cm thy truc
ngui cha (.) n by t cho bit n thy noi ngui cha mt i th tranh ginh vi n nhng s uu i ca
ngui m m nhng thi thc tnh dc u tin ca n uoc hung ti mt cch mo h. Th l n ang lm vo
tnh cnh in hnh ca a b trai, tnh cnh m chng ti gi tn l mc cm Oedipe (.) Totem et tabou,
trad. r., Paris, 195, p. 149).
Tm lai, mc cm Oedipe l hin tuong m Petit Larousse illustr 1992 inh ngha nhu sau: "Ton b nhng
tnh cm yu thuong v th nghich m mi a b cm thy i vi cp cha m ( s quyn luyn tnh dc vi
ngui sinh thnh khc gii tnh v s ganh ght vi ngui sinh thnh cng gii tnh bi xem nhu l mt ich
th)".
Nathun!
27-09-2007, 10:57 AM
81. (KTTN 115, ngy 01-8-1993)
Ngui ta thung ni bn n choi ngang tng l lc lng cu tri. Vy lc lng cu tri vn c ngha g v tai
sao lai ni nhu th?
AN CHI: Vit ng chnh t th l lc lng c tri. ai Nam quc m t vi ca Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca ging
lc lng l a ngang tng khng bit php cn c tri l ci r ln dui su. Nguyn c ci lu nm su,
kh bng kh o. Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c v L Ngc Tr ging lc lng c tri l hang tr cng
u kh dy, kh iu khin.
Lc lng l do ni trai t Lc Lm m ra. Hai ting Lc Lm vn l tn mt ngn ni pha ng Bc huyn
uong Duong, min Kinh Chu, nm trong dy ni ai Hng, tnh H Bc (Trung Quc) ngy nay. Ni ny
nguyn l noi t tp ca nhng ngui ni dy chng lai chnh quyn Vuong Mng vo cui i Ty Hn. S
Trung Quc ngy nay gi l cuc khi ngha Lc Lm nhng nh nuc phong kin Trung Hoa ngy xua th coi
l gic cho nn dng hai ting lc lm ch nhng ngui chng chnh quyn hoc nhng tn bao tc
cup ph ti sn ca dn lnh. Ngha ny uoc Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary ghi nhn l: a bandit
(tn n cup). Trong phuong ng Nam B, do khng bit r xut x nn nhiu ngui ni trai hai ting lc
lm thnh lc lng v hiu l a ngang tng khng bit php nhu dn bn trn.
Sau khi lc lm bi ni trai thnh lc lng v uoc dng theo ngha va ni th n cn uoc ghp vi c tri
tao nn thnh ng lc lng c tri. y, hai ting c tri khng cn c ci ngha m Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca
ging na. N uoc dng ch k kh bo, kh day, kh lm cho thay i, lay chuyn, v nhu c tri l r
ci cng chc v n su xung t nn rt kh lay chuyn bng nh vy.
Theo cch hiu trnh by th lc lng l kt qu ni trai ca lc lm, uoc ghp vi c tri tao nn thnh
ng lc lng c tri. Nhung cng c th c mt cch hiu khc. Theo cch hiu ny th l kt qu ca li ni
trai thnh ng ting Hn lc lm tho khu: lc lm thnh lc lng cn tho khu (gic c) thnh c tri.
Nathun!
27-09-2007, 11:05 AM
82. (KTTN 115, ngy 01-8-1993)
Tai sao lai gi l "ng bng"? C phi ng l do tin ng ngc n hay khng? Nhung nu th th bng
l do u?
AN CHI: o Duy Anh ging t ng trong ng bng nhu sau: Ngui t ca thn tin trong ao gio t
xung l ng t ca thn tin nn ngui ta thung gi l ng ng (T in Truyn Kiu, H Ni, 1974,
tr.13). y ch l mt li ging c tnh cht suy din ch quan v ng l mt t c c ngha l ci king, ci
guong. Tht vy, A. de hodes ghi nhu sau: ng, ci ng: Guong, king. Guong. Cng mt ngha. Soi
ng: Nhn vo guong lm ph ch. Lm ng lm ct: B ph thy nhn vo guong lm ph ch. Thy
ng: Thy ph thy s dng guong, chiu knh (T in Vit-B-La, Nxb Khoa hc x hi, 1991).
C theo nhng iu trn y, th cc ng ng b ng uoc gi bng tn ca chnh ci vt m h s
dng hnh ngh. c im ca ngh ng bng cn uoc phn nh trong thnh ng ngi ng chiu knh
m Hunh-Tinh Paulus Ca ghi nhn trong ai Nam quc m t vi.
Khi ng l ci guong, ci king th bng tt nhin l hnh nh ca cnh v vt phn chiu trong king,
trong guong. Cng chnh A. de hodes gip cho chng ta khng inh iu ny. ng ghi: Soi guong: Nhn
trong guong. Soi ng: Cng mt ngha; cng l ph php m ngui luong dn ngy tho ngh rng mnh c th
nh tm guong bit s d no bi u sinh ra cho mnh, ngha l bi ma qu di tr bng nhng hnh nh
khc nhau trong tm guong. Nhng hnh nh khc nhau trong tm guong chnh l nhng ci bng.
Vy ng bng l guong v hnh nh ca cnh vt phn chiu trong guong. l ngha gc. Cn ngha trong
ng ng b ng, ln ng, ng c bng cu, v.v. l ngha phi sinh.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 02:29 AM
83. (KTTN 115, ngy 01-8-1993)
Tai sao lai gi nuc Nht l Ph Tang?
AN CHI: Ph Tang nguyn l tn mt loai cy m Thuyt vn gii t ca Ha Thn ging l cy huyn thoai,
(l) noi mt tri mc vy. Sch Thp chu k cng ging: (Cy) ph tang trong bin Bic (Bch Hi), cy
mc cao n my ngn truong, tn xe ra n hon ngn truong, hai thn chung mt ci, cng nuong ta nhau,
(l) noi mt tri mc vy. V tn ca nuc Nht Bn c ngha l gc mt tri nn thi xua ngui ta ng
nht ha n vi x s ca loai cy huyn thoai trn y m gi n l nuc Ph Tang. Hn Vit tn t in ca
Nguyn Quc Hng ging hai ting ny nhu sau: Tn mt loai cy thing, tuong truyn mc x mt tri.
Nuc Nht Bn phuong ng, hung mt tri, nn cng gi l Ph-Tang.
Trong Hn ng hin ai, ngui ta cn dng hai ting Ph tang ch mt loi cy c tht m tn thng dng l
mc cn hoc chu cn. l cy dm bt m ngui Nam b gi trai i thnh cy bng bp, tn khoa hc l
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 02:3 AM
84. (KTTN 115, ngy 01-8-1993)
in cho bit xut x ca tn gi thnh ph Lat. C phi l do mt cu bng ting La Tinh m ra? l cu
g?
AN CHI: Cu l Dat Aliis Laetitiam Aliis Temperiem ngha l (n) cho nhng ngui ny nim vui thch, nhng
ngui khc s khe khon. Nhiu ngui cho rng ia danh Lat bt ngun t cu ny: rp nhng ch ci u
- m chng ti c vit hoa - ca nm t trong cu lai th s c dang ting Php ca ia danh ang xt:
DALAT.
S tht th Lat l ting ca ngui thiu s s tai v c ngha l sui Lat. Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c
v L Ngc Tr ghi: Lat: nuc ca b lac ngui Lach (tc Lat - AC). T nh Ngha cng ni r nhu sau:
ia danh Lat hin nay, trong cc vn bn c ghi l Dalat, nguyn gc l alat hoc alat, trong a c
ngha l nuc, Lat l tn gi ca mt tiu nhm thuc dn Koho. Theo kin ca nhiu ngui dn tc th truc
kia Lat l noi cu tr ca ngui Lt v vng ny c nhiu h nuc, thc nuc. Tn gi Lat bt ngun t
y. Hin nay, cch Lat khong 5km c x Lt gm nhiu ng bo Koho cu tr (Ngun gc v ngha cc
yt t c, Ya, Krng .trong mt s ia danh Ty Nguyn, Khoa hc x hi, s 3, 1990, tr.88).
Vic Lat vn l noi cu tr ca ngui Lat l mt s tht uoc Yersin ghi nhn trong nht k ca ng. Vn
cn lai ch l xc inh xem sui Lat l con sui no hin nay m thi. Cunhac, mt ngui Php gp phn
tao dng Lat ni nhu sau: tai ch ca ci h nuc truc , con sui nh ca b lac ngui Lat chy
qua. Ngui ta gi sui ny l a-lat (.) v khng hiu v l do g m ngui ta thay th bng danh xung
Vit Nam l Cam Ly (Dn theo Hn Nguyn, Lich s pht trin Lat, Tp san S ia s 23-24, 1971, tr.272).
Vy Lat, tc sui Lat, chnh l sui Cam Ly, hin nay. Tn ca n uoc dng ch vng m n chy qua
v sau rt lai uoc dng gi tn thnh ph uoc xy dng trn vng : thnh ph Lat ngy nay.
Cu ting La Tinh trn y ch l kt qu ca mt s choi ch bng cch chit t nhng ch ci trong tn Lat
vit theo ch Php.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 02:47 AM
85. (KTTN 11, ngy 15-8-1993)
in gii thch v my ting c m ng trinh: l m, sao lai cn ng trinh?
AN CHI: V vic b Maria mang thai cha Jesus, Kinh Thnh chp nhu sau: V, s ging sanh ca c cha
Jsus-Christ xy ra nhu vy: Khi Ma-ri, m Ngi ha g cho Gi-sp, song chua n cng nhau (Chng
ti nhn manh - AC), th ngui chiu thai bi c Thnh Linh. Gi-sp, chng ngui, l ngui c ngha, chng
mun cho ngui mang xu, bn toan em nhm. Song ang ngm ngh v vic y, th Thin s ca Cha
hin n cng Gi-sp trong gic chim bao m phn rng: Hi Gi-sp, con chu a-vt, nguoi ch ngai ly
Ma-ri lm vo, v con m ngui chiu thai l bi c Thnh Linh. Nguoi s sanh mt trai, nguoi kh t tn l
Jsus, v chnh con trai y s cu dn mnh ra khi ti (.) Khi Gi-sp thc dy ri, th lm y nhu li Thin s
ca Cha dn, m em vo v vi mnh; song le khng h n vi (ngha l khng h n nm vi nhau - AC)
cho n khi ngui sanh mt trai, th t tn l Jsus (Ma-thi-o, 1:18-25 - Chng ti dng bn ca Thnh Kinh
Hi tai Vit Nam, Si Gn, 1975).
C theo nhu s tch trn y th b Maria c thai Cha Jsus m khng h c quan h xc thit vi ng
Joseph. Vic th thai ch l do php ca c Thnh Thn m thi. Vy, cho n khi ha sanh Cha Jsus, b vn
cn ng trinh. B uoc gi l c M ng Trinh chnh l v th.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 03:08 AM
8. (KTTN 11, ngy 15-8-1993)
Nhiu hc gi truc y vn phn tch ch h gm c c v nguyt N nghe rt hay. Nay lai c ngui lai cho
rng n gm c c v nhc nghe la m lai khng thanh nh. in cho bit cch phn tch no ng?
AN CHI:
Ch h l mt hnh thanh t m thanh ph l ch c cn ngha ph l ch nhc uoc vit thnh N
trong 248/253 ch thuc b nhc m T Hi ghi nhn. T l ny trong Khang Hy t in l 54/80 v b t
in ny thu thp rt nhiu ch k c cc ky t (ch him thy). Ch th hai, thuc b nhc m Khang Hy
t in ghi nhn l ch N. Ch ny uoc ging nhu sau: Theo Chnh t thng, ch nhc khi ng lm
bin bng vn vit l , thach kinh (sch kinh in khc trn ) sa lm N. Hai nt trong dnh lin t tri sang
phi, khc vi ch nguyt N. Nay thung vit N phn bit (Chnh t thng: Nhc t bin bng chi vn bn
tc . Thach kinh ci tc N. Trung nhi hoach lin t hu, d nht nguyt chi nguyt N di. Kim tc tc N d bit
chi). Ni th nhung chnh Khang Hy t in cng vit ch nhc bin bng thnh N trong 54 ch ni, y ht
nhu ch nguyt bin bng N, hon ton khng phn bit t hnh. T nguyn, T hi, u lm nhu th. y l
hin tuong ng hnh di t (cng hnh khc ch).
Tn tap ch Vn ngh, s 10-192, Nguyn c Bnh c bi Ngui C Nguyt, chuyn un Huong. Trn Kin
thc ngy nay s 54 (un Tn Mi) cng c bi Vun hoa nng C Nguyt trong tc gi ni n ta C
Nguyt ung ca H un Huong. Nu y ch l chuyn choi ch th l quyn ca tc gi. Nhung nu c
quyt rng v mt cu tao vn t, ch h gm c ch c v ch nguyt N th lai l hon ton sai. Khng c
bt c mt t thu quen thuc no ca Trung Hoa cho rng trong th N lai l ch nguyt. Tt c u phn
tch v khng inh rng l ch nhc.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 0:43 AM
87. (KTTN 117, ngy 15-8 & 02-09-1993)
Nga my vn uoc dich l my ngi, tai sao Nguyn Du vit my ngi t T Hi m nhiu hc gi lai ging
rng l nga my tm, ngha l my tm nm ch khng phi l nga my?
AN CHI: Cc hc gi v cc nh nghin cu ging nhu th l v h cho rng nga my l lng my di, cong v
p, khng thch hop vi tung mao ca con nh v nhu T Hi, nhung nht l v h hiu sai ngha ca ba
ting nga tm my.
o Duy Anh ging rng my ngi l lng my rm, tung mao ca ngui truong phu. C l theo cu my
nhuoc nga tm ca sch tung, c ngha l lng my ging nhu con tm nm (T in Truyn Kiu, H Ni,
1974, tr. 23-237). Nguyn Thach Giang ch thch nhu sau: My ngi do cc ch nga tm my: lng my to
m cong nhu con tm, l tung ngui anh hng (Nguyn Du, Truyn Kiu, H Ni, 1972, tr.450, c.217).
Nguyn Vinh Phc vit: Tt nhin my ca T Hi khng th no lai mnh d, cong, di nhu nga my ca cc c
gi p uoc. V do my ngi ca T Hi phi hiu l nga tm my l my nhu con tm, ch khng phi nga
my (Quanh i lng my, Ngn ng, s 2, 1970, tr. 0). Cn Kiu Thu Hoach th vit: Trong Truyn Kiu c
hai ch ni v T Hi m cng dng ch my ngi. Nhung ch lm y l ci my ngi su rm ch khng
phi ci my ngi ca nng Trang Khuong (.) l tc gi mun ni my tm, my tm nm (Gp bn v mt
bn Kiu mi, Tap ch Vn hc, s 2 (14), 1974, tr. 8).
Tic rng cc tc gi trn y v ch hiu t ng theo li dich tng ting mt (nga nm, tm tm, my
my) nn ging sai hnh nh ngui Trung Hoa mun gi gm trong 3 ting nga tm my. y, hai ting
nga tm khng h c ngha l (con) tm nm, m lai l li ni ca tung thut, uoc T nguyn ging nhu
sau: Nh tung thut gi np nhn dui vnh mt l nga tm. Lai na, lng my cong m ung nt thanh
p cng uoc gi l nga tm my (Tung thut gia d nhn khung ha vn vi nga tm. Hu my loan nhi i
t gi dich xung nga tm my). Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c v L Ngc Tr ging ng hai ting nga
tm l ln xp dui m mt, km theo v d trch t Truyn Trinh th:
To u v, c di tai,
Dy noi ngu v, cao noi nga tm.
Nu i dich tng ting mt th ngu v s l ui c. Nhung y cng lai l mt li ni ca tung thut m T
nguyn ging nhu sau: Nh tung thut gi np nhn khe mt l ngu v (Tung thut gia d nhn gic chi
vn vi ngu v). em th thy li i dich tng ting mt nhiu khi tai hai bit chng no. Vy nga tm my
khng h c ngha l my tm nm m lai l lng my cong v c ung nt thanh p. Vuong Vn Ng ai t
in cng ging nhu th, rng l lng my cong m p (my loan nhi t - . ch 7370).
Cc tc gi trn y mun gat b hai ting nga my nhung nga tm my lai ng ngha vi nga my v c hai cu
trc c chung mt nt ngha l cong v p. Vy my ngi vn l nga my v y chnh l ci nt nho nh duy
nht trong tung mao ca T Hi ru hm hm n, ung ung mt ng anh ho, vai nm tc rng thn
mui thuc cao.
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 07:25 AM
88. (KTTN 117, ngy 15-8 & 02-09-1993)
C ngui ni Dn d thc vi Thin (Dn ly n lm tri). Theo ti cu ny chua h thy sch bo. uoc bit
sch xua ch c ghi Dn d thc vi tin; vy cu ni kia ng hay sai?
AN CHI: Dn d thc vi Thin l mt cu kinh in. Chng han nhu Hn thu c vit: Vuong gi d dn vi thin,
dn d thc vi thin ngha l Vua cha (th) ly dn lm tri (cn) dn (th) ly ci n lm tri. Do m c
cm t dn thin (ng tri ca dn) ch ci n ca ngui dn. Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary dich dn
thin l ood (thc n) cn Dn d thc vi thin l the masses regard suicient ood as their heaven dn
chng xem ci n y nhu l ng tri ca h).
phung akao, qun Mt, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngay gc ung inh Tin Hong - Trn Quang Khi, c
mt tim n ca ngui Tu ly hiu l Dn Thin . Chc ng ch cng ly t cu Tuy nhin, khng
bit ng c mun choi ch m ngm hiu rng tim n ca ng ta l tri ca dn hay khng.
!ol'(ish
01-10-2007, 09:50 AM
Trn post 11 chng ta rt kh phn bit uoc ch nguyt v ch nhc v u uoc ghi l N. Ch h gm ch
c v ch nguyt hay ch nhc ta cng kh phn bit uoc.
Khc vi ch nguyt, hai nt bn trong ca ch nhc khng cham vo nt gc vung bn phi.
Cc ban c th xem ch H tai http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HE1BB8DHE1BB93
Nathun!
01-10-2007, 03:01 PM
Trn post 11 chng ta rt kh phn bit uoc ch nguyt v ch nhc v u uoc ghi l N. Ch h gm ch
c v ch nguyt hay ch nhc ta cng kh phn bit uoc.
Khc vi ch nguyt, hai nt bn trong ca ch nhc khng cham vo nt gc vung bn phi.
Cc ban c th xem ch H tai http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HE1BB8DHE1BB93
a ta bc Goldish gip cc ban c "thy" uoc ch nhc vi hai nt ngang khng cham n nt dc bn
phi. Theo Natphung th c l trn thc t khi ngui ta vit th c th phn bit r rng, nhung khi in n hay cc
bi vit trn mang th hai ch nguyt v nhc u ging nhau nhu chnh anh hai An Chi cng ni r: "Ni th
nhung chnh Khang Hy t in cng vit ch nhc bin bng thnh N trong 54 ch ni, y ht nhu ch
nguyt bin bng N, hon ton khng phn bit t hnh. T nguyn, T hi, u lm nhu th. y l hin tuong
ng hnh di t (cng hnh khc ch)."
Cho nn khng ly g lm la khi Natphung kim nt nuc cng khng tm u ra ont ch no c ch nhc nhu
trong hnh ca bc Goldish c.
!ol'(ish
01-10-2007, 05:58 PM
Truc y ti vn tung rng ch h gm ch c v ch nguyt, n khi c bi ca bc An Chi ti mi git
mnh. Tra t in th chng th no phn bit uoc ch nguyt hay ch nhc v u in l N.
Ti tn ng kin ca bc Natphung rng c l trn thc t khi ngui ta vit th c th phn bit r rng nhu
hnh ch h ti nu. Ch ny ti cng mi gp ln u
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 08:34 AM
89. (KTTN 117, ngy 15-8 & 02-09-1993)
C mt mi tnh un Huong - Chiu H trong thc t hay khng? Hay ch c vn tho cot nh vi nhau m thi?
AN CHI: Qu l ngui i c truyn tng v mt mi tnh un Huong - Chiu H. Ch th m Phong Chu lai
chp: ng Chiu H i lm quan lu ngy, un Huong nh ch nhn tnh c, mi vit giy hi thm . (Cu
i Vit Nam, H Ni, 1994, tr. 25). Nhung ch l giai thoai m thi.
Trong thc t th mi tnh khng c nh m chuyn vn tho cot nh cng khng c nt. iu khng inh
nghim tc ny l cn c vo li k ca Siu Vn, mt ngui thuc dng h Nguyn nh, l dng h m c i
v c ngui tng kt thm giao vi c H un Huong ln Pham nh H: H un Huong hon Pham nh
H ngt hai chc tui, nn khng th c s luyn i, ha tho gia hai ngui uoc. V trong m cui ca
chu ni b c trn l Nguyn nh V ly con gi Pham nh H l c Pham nh Huy, n s H un Huong
l ngui quen bit c hai h nn ng ln lm ch hn, theoi tc l thi . (V mi quan h gia H un
Huong v Pham nh H, Tap ch Vn hc, s 5, 1991, tr. 71). V mt oan khc: N s H un Huong lc
ngoi by muoi tui, uoc mi lm ch hn, tri giung chiu cho c du ly khuc.
Lm sao c th quan nim uoc rng ngui tnh c ca Pham nh H, hon ng ngt 20 tui, gi y ngoi
by muoi, lai uoc mi tri giung chiu cho con gi ng uoc khuc? Lm sao c th quan nim uoc rng mt
b lo c thi chnh ra ba gc da cn thiu m lai uoc mi tri chiu cho con gi to ca ngui khc uoc
khuc truc khi v nh chng? Cho nn nhng cu tho tc tu xua nay vn truyn tng l ca b chc chn
khng phi do b l tc gi. Siu Vn cng ni r: Theo c Nguyn Gia Thi (1858-1935) ngui uoc c un
Huong thi tp do chnh tay n s chp tng gia nh ta, th khng c nhng bi tho tc tu m ngy nay ngui ta
gn ghp cho n s.
n nhu ng Chiu H, ngui m theo truyn tng l c nhiu cu i Nm, lt lo, ti ba, th chnh ng lai
t ra xem thung ch Nm v t nhn l mnh km ci v th ch ny. Sau y l li t thut ca ng: C
ngui em nhng sch truyn Nm v nhng tr thanh sc, ngh c bac, r r choi a, th ta bit tai lai khng
mun nghe. Ta hc v uoc t kinh s, th m ch Nm ta lai khng bit ht. (Pham nh H, V trung ty
bt, bn dich ca ng Chu Nguyn Hu Tin, TPHCM, 1989, tr.10). Trong khi th: Ta khi mi ln chn tui,
hc Hn thu, (.). Cc sch c, tho c ta thung xem lm, khng lc no ri tay (Sd, tr. 10-11). Khi cao
nin, nhc lai chuyn thu u thi, Pham nh H vn cn sn sng gp nhng sch truyn Nm vo chung
vi nhng tr thanh sc v ngh c bac. Mt ngui c i vn coi thung vn Nm ch Nm n nhu th
lm sao c th l tc gi ca nhng vn bn Nm uoc truyn tng?
Ghi ch ca :
em n y bng ti nghip cho bc Bt Tre. Vi trm nm na chc bao nhiu tho mo cau, tu da g cng
gn cho l tho bt tre...
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 08:43 AM
90. (KTTN 122, ngy 01-11-1993)
Mt mai ai ng bn kinh,
Ai ph gi triu, ai rinh quan ti?
Bn kinh c con trai,
Gi triu con gi, quan ti nng du.
Bi ny vn nghe ht ru em nhu vy, c ng nguyn vn ca ngui xua hay khng? Kinh c ngha g khc
hon con sng o? Sao lai rinh quan ti? C bi c ngha g?
AN CHI: Nguyn vn hai cu u l:
Mt mai ai ng minh tinh
Ai ph gi triu, ai nghinh quanh ti?
Minh tinh, trong Nam cn gi l tm triu, l di la di ghi tn h, tui tc, chc tuc, ngy t trn, v.v. ca
ngui cht, treo trn mt ci gin nh c n khing, thung gi l ci gi triu, khing i truc quan ti khi
ua m tang. Vy ng minh tinh l c tn trn tm minh tinh, ngha l cht. Nghinh (nghnh) l n ruc.
Nghinh quan ti l bung ci bt huong i tht li pha truc quan ti dn ung. Cn ph gi triu l chng
gy tang i bn ci gi triu h tng. Nghinh quan ti v ph gi triu thung l bn phn ca con trai
trung (hoc con trai) v ca chu ch tn (hoc chu ni trai). Vy ng bn kinh v rinh quan ti ch l
tam sao tht bn m ra.
Theo chng ti, bi ny vn ch c hai cu u v y l li ni ca ngui vo khng sanh n ni vi chng: Thip
khng c con, nu chng khng nghe li khuyn ca thip m cui vo l ( kim mt vi mn con) th mai
kia, khi chng v vi ng b, ai s l ngui nghinh quan ti, ai s l ngui ph gi triu cho chng y? Ting ai
trong cu th nht l ai t phim ch, c ngha ca ai t nhn xung ngi th hai (vo ni vi chng), cn hai
ting ai trong cu th hai mi thc s l ai t nghi vn. Cu th nht nu gi thit cho s vic xy ra cu th
hai. Sau khi hai cu u bi tam sao tht bn ri th chng mi uoc ni bng hai cu sau, c th l do li h i
p m ra. V hai cu u bi truyn ming sai nn hai cu sau cng khng th cht ch v rnh mach v mt
ngha uoc, nht l cu bn kinh c con trai.
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 08:52 AM
91. (KTTN 122, ngy 01-11-1993)
Tai Thnh ph H Ch Minh, c mt s noi th cng gi l Cha ng, Cha B. Nghe ni Cha ng th Quan
Cng cn Cha B th th Thin Hu Thnh Mu. Vy Thin Hu Thnh Mu l ai?
AN CHI: Cha ng m ngui Qung ng gi l Qun Ty miu (Quan miu) th th Quan Cng, cn Cha
B m h gi l Ph miu (B miu) th th b Thin Hu Thnh Mu. Tuy nhin, theo li hc gi Vuong Hng
Sn cng c noi gi l Ph miu ( miu B) nhung khng th b Thin Hu Thnh Mu, m lai th b Cha
Thai sanh, coi v sinh . (. Si Gn nm xua, TPHCM, 1991, tr. 199).
Tuong truyn b Thin Hu l ngui huyn B in, tnh Phuc Kin bn Trung Quc. B sinh vo i Tng, l
con gi th su ca Lm Nguyn. Mi lt lng, b pht ho quang rc r v ta huong thom ky la. Ngay khi
b hy cn nh, anh b i bun ung bin, gp gi to sng c nguy him n tnh mang, b nhm mt inh
thn m bit uoc ri xut thn i cu anh thot nan. Lc ln ln, b c th ci chiu bay trn bin hoc ng
vn m i ra cc o xa. Sau khi thng, b thung khoc o bo mu bay luon trn bin. Tuong truyn b
thng vo nm trn hai muoi tui. Vo cc i Tng, Nguyn, Minh b u c nhiu ln hin hin rt l linh
thing. Ngui i bin thung th b v khn b uoc cho thun bum xui gi. Theo T nguyn th b
uoc phong l Thin Phi vo i Vnh Lac nh Minh, sau lai uoc phong Thin Hu, uoc lp n th tai kinh .
Cn T hi th lai chp rng b uoc phong Thin Phi, sau gia phong Thin Hu vo i Khang Hy nh Thanh.
Hc gi Vuong Hng Sn lai chp rng b hy l Mi Chu, ngui B Duong, sinh nhm ngy 23 thng 3 nm
Gip Thn (1044) i Tng Nhn Tng, l con ca ng Lm Tch Khnh. Tm tui bit c. Mui mt tui tu
Pht. Mui ba tui th lnh thin tho: thn V Y xung cho mt b Nguyn vi b quyt. Ngoi ra, b cn tm
uoc dui ging can mt xp c thu khc. B coi theo m luyn tp ri c ao. uoc phong Thin H
Thnh Mu nm Canh Dn nin hiu ai Quan i Tng tc nm 1110 (.sd, tr. 201-203).
C th l trong li k ca nhiu ngui khc s cn c nhng ch di ng khc na. y khng phi l chuyn la:
khi m cuc i ca mt nhn vt i vo truyn thuyt, n c th c nhng di bn.
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 08:55 AM
92. (KTTN 122, ngy 01-11-1993)
Hai ting truy tin ch xut hin trn bo ch hai ln trong dip hai ai lo Ha thuong liu ao. Tai sao khng
dng truy iu m lai dng truy tin?
AN CHI: Truy iu khng c mu sc tn gio, cn truy tin l mt li ni ring bn Pht gio. N ng ngha
vi truy phuc v uoc T hi ging nhu sau: V ngui cht m lm cng c cho ngui uoc phuc gi
l truy phuc, cng gi l truy tin (Vi t gi tc cng c s ky hoach phc vit truy phc, dich vn truy tin).
V truy tin c hm cu phuc cn truy iu th khng nn bn Pht gio mi dng truy tin m khng dng
truy iu.
Ghi ch ca :
i cn truy phuc vi truy tin mi th bao gi mi thot khi tham sn si.
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 12:03 PM
V cu 87 (KTNN 117), anh hai An Chi lun bn v ci lng my. Theo anh hai, th lng my T Hi "cong v
p" nhu lng my ca mt m n.
rng ung cho cc ban no thch "lng my tao ch lm tu", Natphung suu tm trn Talawas bi vit sau
y, mi cc ban cng nhau ch.
i iu thua lai cng ng An Chi
Nguyn Hu Chi
1.5.200
Ti khng ng bi vit ngn ca mnh v Nt ngi v my ngi trn mang talawas [1] ch on gin nhm phn
bc nh nghin cu tiu thuyt c in Trung Hoa ng Vn Thnh lai uoc nhiu ngui ch v tr thnh ba
vn ng bn bac i vi ng Nguyn Ngc nh, thng qua li cht chnh ca ng, ng An Chi phi
gii p lin trong 2 s Kin thc ngy nay 55 v 5 (thng 4 & 5-200). u y cng l mt iu may, gip
ban c c dip i su hon vo ti nng dng ch bc thy ca nh tho trc vit Nguyn Du. Dng ch bc thy
khng c ngha l ch no trong Truyn Kiu ta cng d dng tm uoc s thng nht v ng ngha mt cch
sng t. Chnh v vy, sau khi c ng An Chi, bn canh kh nhiu iu tm c, ti cng xin man php trao i
thm ba vn m theo ti, kin gii ca ng chua tht c sc thuyt phc.
1.
Truc ht, ti tn thnh ng An Chi coi nt ngi v my ngi l nhng thut ng uc l ch lng my p,
nhung du uc l i na th theo thi quen ca php lin tung trong ngn ng, khi nhc n nhng ch y,
ngui nghe rt d c ngay mt s so snh gia hai hnh nh: lng my ru con ngi, hoc lng my con
tm. Ph nhn vic khng phi l chuyn c ni l vi nhau m xong bi nhn cho n tn gc ngun, nhng
t tuong hnh kiu ru tr, bng cc, rng bn cuc, mt luon, c ngng, lung ong... chc chn bao
gi cng uoc tao thnh nh mt v von c th no y v lu v sau nhiu ngui mc nhin chp nhn ri dn
dn mi uc l ha chng, ch khng dung ai em hai hnh nh gn vi nhau inh ngha lm g. My ch
nga mi hay nga tm mi cng trong trung hop . Khi xem xt t t my ngi ca Truyn Kiu, v c
nhng cch hiu khc bit qua bao nhiu ch gii t hon 100 nm nay, ti khng th c ni mt cch mo h
rng ch l uc l ch lng my p l , m phi tm n tn t nguyn ca n. V tm n t nguyn th
kh c th ph nhn uoc l my ngi c c hai xut x l nga tm mi v nga mi. ng An Chi khng tn
thnh xut x nga tm mi m ch tn thnh xut x nga mi, nhung chng phi cu thnh ng Vit Nam
mt phuong my ngi hoc mt phng my tm vn c gc gc t an phuong nhn, nga tm mi trong
Tam quc din ngha y sao? Trong Truyn Kiu, Nguyn Du vit u hm, hm n, my ngi tung chng
khng lin quan g n nga tm mi ca truyn Tam quc, ky thc nh tho ct ly hai (hm n, ru hm)
trong oan m t Truong Phi: Bo u, hon nhn, yn ham, h tu (u bo, mt trn
nhu ngc, hm n, ru hm) em ghp vi mt (my tm) trong oan m t Quan V Din nhu trng to,
thn nhuoc chi, an phuong nhn, nga tm mi J % %w X % - (Mt nhu to chn,
mi ta t son, mt phuong [2] , my tm nm) ca chnh Tam quc din ngha vit nn cu tho ca
mnh. Cng c th trong Kim Vn Kiu truyn, chnh Thanh Tm Ti Nhn la chn gip Nguyn Du mt
phn, v Thanh Tm Ti nhn t T Hi nhu sau: Bach din t mi, h u yn ham 6 J mt
trng, my thanh t, u h, hm n. Nhung khi tip thu, Nguyn Du ci tao lai, b i my ch bach din
chc theo ng l ct cch thu sinh khng hop vi T Hi, cng b i h u ly lai ch h tu ca Tam
quc din ngha thnh ru hm. Cng theo khuynh hung y, nh tho khng th ly ch nga mi thay cho t
mi, bi t mi l lng my thu sinh m thay bng nga mi l lng my con gi p th ct tung T Hi cn
yu hon c thu sinh. Vy th my ngi ch cn mt nh xa l nga tm mi ca Tam quc din ngha. Cho
nn ni g th ni, xt v t nguyn, my ngi y truc sau vn ch thc c xut x t nga tm mi [3] .
Nhung nga tm mi c th l th no? ng An Chi qu quyt Nga tm mi tuyt i (NHC nhn manh) khng
c ngha l lng my con tm nm. S d cc nh ch gii ca ta c ng v ging nhu th l v h chua tm
hiu ci cu trc ang xt cho n tn ngn ngun (S 55, tr. 44). V ng lin m hai cun t in T nguyn
b c v Vuong Vn Ng ai t in ra xc nhn rng nga tm ch c ngha l np nhn dui vnh mt
theo cc nh tung s; t y ng i n kt lun: v nga tm l mt li ni ca tung s nn ta phi hiu n
mt cch trn gi theo li ging ca cc nh chuyn mn (nh tung s) ch khng th dich tng thnh t
ca n theo ngha en thnh tm nm uoc (s 55, tr. 45). C khc vi ng An Chi, ti tra cu c T hi
v T nguyn b c cng nhu b mi nhung cui cng vn quyt da vo b mi, v ti quan nim b mi - nhu
li gii thiu ca ngnh t in hc Trung Quc cch y khong muoi nm - uoc hng trm chuyn gia u
ngnh khp nuc Trung Hoa tp trung cng sc chnh sa trong nhiu thp k th th no cng hon ho hon b
c, s khc phc uoc nhng ci sai v thiu ca b c. Trong T nguyn b c, nga tm qu ch c mt
ngha nhu ng An Chi dn, trong khi T nguyn b mi (1998), nga tm c hai ngha, m ngha u tin
l: Nhu nga tm hnh ch mi mao - f; tam dich: nga tm l lng my nhu hnh con tm
nm. i ph thm vo ngha th nht ny b t in mi ua ra mt ngha dn thn l np nhn dui mt
theo cch gi ca cc nh tung thut. Cn ngha th hai l mt danh t trong ngnh th y th xa vi vn
ca chng ta nn khi bn y. Chng t T nguyn b mi b sung thm n hai ngha cho ch nga
tm, trong ngha th nht, c tnh cht t nguyn (ngn ngun) ca thut ng, l ht sc quan trng. Hon
na, ni ngha t nguyn khng phi ci ngha y khng uoc dng trong sinh hoat ngn ng. Tri lai, chnh n
mi uoc s dng lm thi liu vn chuong. Cng chnh T nguyn b mi sau khi ni n ngha th nht ca
nga tm (l my tm nm), dn tip lin hai cu tho v mt cu vn minh ha. Hai cu tho trch t bi
D Thc Ky thi Pha thi nht lin.... th d t thp vn 8 % % % % : Su ton
nga tm mi/Thng trit phc t no - / ; tam dich: Bun ng trn lng my hnh con
tm nm/au but n tn c sau vng trn. Cn cu vn th trch t tiu thuyt Thy h, hi 57, oan miu
t T Ninh: Loan loan lung ao nga tm mi, phuong ch long tung t - % X x k
; tam dich: Cong cong hai ung lng my hnh tm nm, vn con nh rng bay phuong ma (hc hnh l
ngha).
Th tung cng l r: nga tm ng hon l nga tm mi truc khi l thut ng ca tung s l thut
ng ca vn chuong, vi ci ngha lng my hnh con tm nm. Thut ng ny uoc dng theo ngha en rt
lu trong nhiu sch v Trung Quc m Tam quc din ngha c lin quan n vic tip nhn ca Truyn Kiu l
mt dn chng. Chnh l l do khin ti c phn vn, khng dm qu quyt cho ch ngi m Nguyn Du
dng trong danh ng my ngi miu t cp lng my ca T Hi cng phi l mt vi ch ngi uoc nh
tho dng trong Khun trng y n nt ngi n nang t Thy Vn hoc trong Bn th my my ngi t
cc nng ca k.
(Cn tip)
Nathun!
03-10-2007, 12:04 PM
(Tip)
2.
V thin v cch hiu nga tm mi l np nhn dui mt theo tung s hc, ng An Chi i n bc b tt c
cc nh ch gii Truyn Kiu hon mt trm nm qua. ng ni: Li dn ca Pham Kim Chi (Din nhu mn
nguyt, mi nhuoc [Pham Kim Chi vit nhu - NHC] nga tm), ghi l ly Tung thu, th chng qua ch l
chp lai li dich cu Khun trng y n nt ngi n nang sang ting Hn trong bn Kiu Onh Mu 1902 ch
chng phi ca sch tung thu tung tich no c. n nhu hai ting tm mi (my tm) m Nguyn Thach
Giang ua ra trong Truyn Kiu (ch thch v kho nh) nm 1973, chng qua ch l mt s dich nguoc ty
tin. D nhin l ai kia c th gp may m thy uoc hai ch tm mi mt ch no , nhung y ch l mt t
t t do nn ch thuc v li ni ch u c phi mt on vi c inh ca ngn ng (s 55, tr. 44). ng cn
vit thm: V khng chiu tm hiu cho thu o nn cc nh ch gii ca ta mi ging mt cch ng nghnh
rng nga tm l (con) tm nm, ri nga tm mi l lng my (sic) nhu con tm nm (Bi K & Trn Trng
Kim), l my tm nm (Nguyn Thach Giang), l lng my ging con tm nm (o Duy Anh), v.v... (s
55, tr. 45) (khng hiu sao ng b qua Nguyn Qung Tun, v Nguyn Qung Tun l ngui ch gii Truyn
Kiu mun nht cho n nay (199) [4] cng gii thch lng my nhu con tm nm ngang, ch ci tung phc
hu?). V phn ti, ti khng dm v on coi tt c cc nh hiu kho ng vn kit tc ca Nguyn Du trong
sut th k u l nhng ngui lm u. Ni nhu th ti cm thy bt nhn. Cho nn, truc khi i n mt li
khng quyt cc bc Kiu hc tin khu nhu Pham Kim Chi, Bi K v Trn Trng Kim da vo sch tung s
xua ging gii in nga tm mi, ti c tra cu lai hn hoi. Tt nhin, trong cc thu vin m ti c th tra
tm khng lm g c sch tung, nhung ti nh mang internet h tro gip mnh, v kt qu cng khng n
ni no. Dng my ch (c tung thu) truy cp trn mang Google, ha ra c rt nhiu ti liu ni v
tung mt v tung lng my, song ch cn 2 ti liu sau y cng minh oan cho cc nh hc gi:
a. ng phuong h lac d trc vng ca L K Trung : phn ni v kh sc con ngui
(Thuong nghip quan nhn thut, thuong nghip quan nhn ch kh sc) c oan vit: Hu ch nhn din nhu
mn nguyt (NHC nhn manh), thanh t nhi thn thi xa nhn, trnh triu h chi sc C J N%
C% ; tam dich: C ngui mt nhu trng trn, thanh t m thn thi chn ng n ngui
khc, by ra ci v [p] ca rng sm.
b. Mi mao f , tc gi khuyt danh [5] , c oan: Mi nhu tn nguyt, mi nhu xun son, mi nhu nga tm
(NHC nhn manh), mi thanh mc t N % & % - % ; tam dich: Lng my nhu
trng non, lng my nhu ni ma xun, lng my nhu tm nm, my thanh mt t.
Ngoi ra, lai c mt ti liu khng thuc v tung thut m l tiu thuyt v hip gi l Kim linh truyn thuyt
^, in tng ky trn mang Lan Huong cc, ngay ky u tin ra ngy thng Nm nm 2005 c oan
miu t mt chng thiu nin v s din nhu mn nguyt, mi nhu nga tm (NHC nhn manh), tu nhn thy
quang, c min hu thn J N% - % % ; tam dich: mt nhu trng trn, lng
my nhu tm nm, mt tu bung lung sng, ngoi nhn nhu c thn.
ng An Chi thy y, trong cc ti liu trn c ng hai v Din nhu mn nguyt v Mi nhu nga tm,
hoc tch ring hoc ng lin y c. Hn s l khi hi nu cho rng nhng ti liu ny cng lin quan n
bn Kiu ca Kiu Onh Mu 1902, v cc cm t ca chng sao lai ging nhu lt cu vn trong sch tung do
Pham Kim Chi cng nhu Bi K v Trn Trng Kim dn ra m ng An Chi ni l chp lai Kiu Onh Mu? Vy
phi chng ta nn tha nhn cho tht cng bng l c my nh nghin cu Truyn Kiu lp n anh bui u
thi vn xui quc ng xut pht t tung thu tung tich xua tht, c iu n nay ta chua tm thy
nguyn gc, ngoai tr t nhiu du vt trong sch tung Trung Quc hin ai cng nhu trong loai vn chuong v
hip vn c lin quan mt thit vi sch tung c m thi.
Nhung c phi nhu ng An Chi ni: nga tm mi l mt li ni ca khoa tung s, n chng c lin quan g n
con tm c, cng khng phi l con tm nm (s 55, tr. 45) hay khng? ch ny ti lai phi i tm thm
sch tung trn mang internet. ng l vi hai ch nga tm, hu ht sch tung Trung Quc hin nay u
nhm vo hai np nhn pha dui hc mt. Nhung vi ba ch nga tm mi th ti chua thy sch tung s no
tch ri vic gii thch lng my khi hnh nh con tm nm. Lai xin dn ra mt ti liu khc ng An Chi v
c gi cng xem: Nga tm mi phi thuong an phuong nhn, vi cao quyn trng trung ngha ci th -
w X % % do Tt Huu soan, trn mang Thut s tap m l . Trong ti liu
ny c oan vit: Yu thanh s khn o hon chnh m ho ch nga tm mi tinh bt khn nan. Ch yu t
t khn Quan Thnh ch thn tuong tin tri ky dang. Tha c hu nga tm mi, an phuong nhn. Nga tm
mi tng t din thuong kh liu o ky mi t nht iu tm trng honh tai nhn chi thuong. Gi chng mi hu
lung hang phn bit: Hu t chnh iu mi thi trc tuyn ch. Tm ch hnh thi thi tnh ch ch. Tuy ton thi
ho mi, c vi thuyt c thi chnh thc ch nga tm mi. Chn chnh ch nga tm mi, mi ch trung oan
luoc trnh loan khc, vi vi hung thuong duong. Kh th iu thun, i hu ng cm, sc hc hu thi, Quan
phu t ch mi tu xc gi nht loai. Thng minh du tr, cuong trc trng ngha, phi thuong an phuong, don
vn don v, t phi phm nhn liu. - %
% - %w X % - J - b D %
= % %- ! " # %$ % %& ' ^ ( ) * - %+ ) -
% G , - . %/ / 0 1 %2 3 4 5 %6 7 8 % 9 : % ; k < = > %? @
A %B % w X %C _ C D %E F G C ; tam dich: Mun xem tht r v p hon chnh ca
nga tm mi tuyt khng phi kh. Ch cn nhn k tuong Quan Thnh l bit. ng vn c my tm nm,
mt phuong . Nga tm mi theo mt ch c th hiu l lng my ta nhu con tm nm ngang trn mt.
Kiu lng my ny chia lm hai loai: C nhng cp lng my ch l mt ung thng. Tu th con tm y l
nm im. Du xt ra l tung lng my tt, vn chua th ni uoc l nga tm mi chnh thc. Loai nga
tm mi chn chnh th oan gia lng my phi cong xung mt t, lai hoi hoi run ln pha trn. Kh th
nhun nhi, ng y t cht khi xc cm. Sc lng my en nhum i nt vn. Lng my Quan Phu t chnh l
loai ny. Thng minh ti tr, cuong trc trng ngha, phi hop vi mt phuong , va vn va v, t n khng
phi l ngui bnh thung ri.
Mt ti liu na ti mi tm ra gn y l Do nhn tung hc trc tri phong thy H C I R J ca Liu V
Trai K L cng gii thch nga tm mi ging vi Tt Huu (ch gi gn trong loai nga tm mi th hai, mt
biu trung c th ca lng my Quan V) nhung lai c km thm hnh v:
http://i212.photobucket.com/albums/cc82/natphung/MayNgai.pg
Hnh v ny cho ta hnh dung c th hnh dang con tm ang di ng, khng phi l con tm nm im nhu loai
nga tm mi th nht. Mt khc, cng qua hnh v, ta s thy cch quan nim ca thut tung s v lng
my Quan V khng hn thng nht trm phn trm vi hi ha v iu khc c Trung Quc - vn l ngh
thut cch iu nn ngui ny ngui khc v thi ny thi khc tng cch iu cp lng my vi Quan Thnh
qun n mc rt xch, nhu trong cc bc hnh ng An Chi cung cp nhm chng minh nga tm mi khng
phi l lng my tm nm (s 5, tr. 44). c bit, cng ti liu ca Liu V Trai cn ni n nm loai lng
my khc m mt s loai nhu tn nguyt mi (lng my trng non), xun son mi (lng my nhu ngn ni
ma xun)... u ly hnh dng mt trng, ngn ni l gii. Nhu vy, tuy c nhm ti mc tiu on mnh
vn con ngui qua tung my tung mt, sch tung s vn khng th thot ly hn ci ngha t nguyn ca t
ng m n muon dng. Ni gp mt li nhu ng An Chi nhm loai b ht thy mi hat nhn hop l trong hng
loat ch gii ca ngui i truc e chua phi l th tt nhn tnh.
3.
Cng chnh v nhng iu nu, trong bi vit truc, sau khi n o cn nhc, ti phi gat vn my
ngi ca T Hi sang mt bn v tam khoanh hai ch nga mi vo cm danh t nt ngi ch lng my Thy
Vn v my ngi ch cc ca k. ng An Chi th hiu tt c cc ch my ngi trong Truyn Kiu u l nga
mi. Mt thun loi cho ng l Gio su Cao un Hao tng c bi vit Ngha ca `my ngi trong cu tho `u
hm hm n my ngi trn tap ch Ngn ng t 1982 [] cng c tung gn nhu ng. Tuy nhin, c bi
Cao xun Hao, ti thy gia h Cao v ng vn c ch khu bit. Th nht, ng An Chi truc sau u ni nga
mi ch l uc l t lng my p, cn Cao xun Hao cho rng nga mi ch thc l ru con ngi: ngi v tm
l hai hnh nh c gi tri m hc hon ton khc nhau, goi ln nhng n tuong v nhng lin tung hon ton
khc nhau, cho nn, nht l khi uoc dng nhu nhng n d, ngi khng th dng ch con tm hay nguoc lai,
cng nhu su rm khng th dng ch con bum hay nguoc lai [7] . Ngui ta c th hi ng An Chi: Nu ch
thun l uc l tu t, c sao khng cho my ngi ca Nguyn Du c vi tr c lp trong ngn ng Vit Nam
m cn buc n phi bt ngun t nga mi Trung Quc lm g cho thm rc ri? C phi mt cch v tnh, ng
vn mun tm t nguyn cho n, v khi tm t nguyn th ng lai lung vung vo thi quen lin tung m ai
cng d c khi dng loai t ny nhu trn ti ni chng (nu khng, sao lai nga mi m khng nga tm
mi)? V phn ti, xem xt Truyn Kiu nhu mt tc phm vn chuong c in, vi h thng thi php c trung
ai phuong ng, ti khng th cho php mnh ch dng suy l m buc phi ni c sch mch c chng.
My nginga tm mi trong quan h tuong h Truyn KiuTam quc din ngha l mt chng c kh
lng bc b, nn tuy rt mun tha nhn quan im thm m mi m ca Nguyn Du khin nh tho khng
ng nht tung mao ca T Hi vi tung mao ca mt Quan Vn Trung, v ng sng mt thi ai c
iu kin chp nhn v thung thc mt kiu nhn vt khng vn thun nhu th [8] ni nhu Cao un Hao,
nht l khi c n oan ng Hao bn gii rt hay v b ru con ngi: Ai tng xem k i my (hay ni cho
ng hon, i ng ten) ca con ngi, u phi ch n v p la lng ca n. l b phn p nht trong
con vt vng v, yu t v chng ly g lm thanh t ny. c im ni bt ca n l ch n xch ln, hoi
cong v kh di so vi mt ca n, hai bn ung sng chnh c hai hng to mnh ta ra thnh hnh l duong
x (hay phuong v) hp v nhn. V th i my ny mu en, trng n s c phn th hon, c chiu rng hon
lng my trung bnh ca con ngui. Nhung mu trng sa v cht liu mng manh, nh nhng ca n lm cho
n trng rt thanh t. ung nt hoi cong ca i my ngi khin cho n c uoc mt dng dp mm mai,
hung i chch ln ca n khin cho n c uoc mt phong thi uy nghi. N chnh l mu hnh ca mt trong
nhng cch v lng my trong truyn thng ha trang trn sn khu c in ca ta, ca Trung Quc v ca
Nht Bn, dnh cho mt s nhn vt tr p, hoc thuc phi n, hoc thuc phi nam, tuy my ca n ng
uong nhin phi v to v m nt hon ca n b, v cng khng phi khng bao gi c th tm thy trn sn
khu c in mt vai n c i my cong nhung khng xch lm, hay mt vai nam, nht l mt vai v, c i
my xch nhung khng cong lm, v.v. [9] , ti vn c phi... tnh to d chng, khng mnh bi quyn r
v iu kin. Th cn vi nt ngi v my ngi dng cho Thy Vn, cho cc nng ca k, v sao ti d dng
ng tnh y l nga mi ch khng tn thnh cc ng Nguyn Thach Giang, Nguyn Qung Tun qu n c
tin theo cc c Pham Kim Chi, Bi K v Trn Trng Kim? Bn canh sc thuyt phc ca v p b ru con ngi
(ng nhu Cao un Hao ni) [10] v s tro lc rt nng k ca cc kin Nguyn c Vn, o Duy Anh
[11] , chnh sch tung s cng cho ti bit nga tm mi ch thch hop vi trang mao ca phi nam m khng
thch hop cht no vi phi n: n nga tm mi tc tng vi kin cp. N tnh nhi c [hu] gi chng mi gi,
th phi ct triu. Ci th chng mi ch thch nghi u nam tnh. Nhn m tng st kh, cuong duong thm thinh M
- N ' O P %Q R [] S %T F U V % W X Y Z [ R % \ ] ^ 2 %B F _ `
(Tt Huu, ti liu dn); tam dich: Duy my tm nm th chua tng thy [ n gii]. Ngui mang n tnh
m c loai lng my ny th tuyt khng phi l im tt. V th loai lng my ny ch thch hop cho nam tnh,
do ch n n giu st kh, cuong duong rt thinh.
Gia ng An Chi v Cao un Hao cn khc nhau mt im th hai: trong khi ng An Chi i vo trnh by
nhiu mt ca vn th ng Hao lai gi gn vn ch yu gc cu trc ngn ng. n tuong v lun
im ca ng trong tm tr ngui c do c phn m nt hon. Theo ng Hao, trong cu trc ting Vit c
mt loai t hop danh ng gm hai t on tit ghp lai thnh cp, khng c gii t hay lin t ng gia - c
bit l khi t u ch mt b phn ca co th ng vt v t sau ch loi ng vt c ci b phn y [12] uoc
dng nhu nhng n d t ngui [13] th bao gi quan h gia hai yu t cng phi l quan h c ngha s
hu ch khng c ngha t d (chng han ni ru hm l mun ni ru ca con hm ch khng phi mun
ni ru nhu con hm, hoc ni hm n l mun ni hm ca con n ch khng phi mun ni hm nhu con
n...). Sau khi vin dn hng chc trung hop hon ton n khp vi quy tc , nh ngn ng hc i n mt
bin lun then cht: Cch thuyt minh bc hc v t t my ngi (theo quan h t d: my nhu hnh con tm -
NHC) tao nn ci l ngoai duy nht cho mt quy tc c tc dng tuyt i trong mt pham vi bao gm hon hai
van trung hop, v c l cng l ci l ngoai duy nht trong ton b sng tc ca Nguyn Du, mt nh tho vn
ch tm s dng ting Vit ng nhu ngui Vit bnh thung vn hiu, n ni c khi sn sng i nguoc lai vi
t nguyn, v bao gi cng tn trng s i xng gia cc thnh t song hnh ca cu tho. Qu tht kh lng
c th tm uoc mt trung hop no khc m Nguyn Du dng mt t ny thay cho mt t khc n mc ngui
Vit ch c th hiu thnh mt khc hn ca ng nhu vy, v cng tht kh lng tm uoc mt cu tho no
khc ca Nguyn Du trong c hai hay ba cp t (hoc cm ba, cm bn t) i xng vi nhau chan cht v
ngha t vng nhu ru hm, hm n, my ngi m lai bi t vo nhng mi quan h ng php v ng ngha
khc nhau n nhu trong cch thuyt minh ny [14] . Ngha l Cao un Hao cho rng trong Truyn Kiu, xt
v mt cu trc, t hop my ngi ch c mt ngha l ru ca con bum tm, k c dng cho T Hi cng nhu
Thy Vn. V mt lgich m ni, kh ai bc b uoc kin ca ng. Du sao, trong thc tin i sng ngn ng
hnh nhu vn c nhng l ngoai. Chng ni u xa, trong cu My tm, mt phng, mi son m chng ti
tng trch t Lc Vn Tin bi vit ln truc, th my tm v mi son lai ng l quan h t d (my nhu
con tm, mi nhu thi son), ch c mt phng mi thuc quan h s hu (mt ca chim phuong). M my
tm mt phng vn l thnh ng ht sc ph bin Nam B, khng phi ring mt Nguyn nh Chiu mi
dng (ca dao: Gi M Tho my tm mt phng/Gic n nh chng vng guom ao). Ngay nhu cc cp t
ming hm gan sa, khu Pht tm x trong thnh ng Vit Nam nu ta gii thch bng quan h s hu e
chua chc thch hop bng quan h t d, v ni ming ca hm, gan ca sa ngui c s kh thng hon l
ni ming [d] nhu hm, gan [mm] nhu sa, ni ming ca Pht, bng da ca rn s kh thng hon l ni
ming [hin] nhu Pht m bng da [c] nhu rn. K c mt cp t c hoi xa vi nhng v d ang bn l cp
m c con tin ng v mt ng php cng khng th ly quan h s hu gii thch thay cho quan h t d
uoc (m xu nhu c, con p nhu tin). Vn vn...
Cht lai, qua nhiu ot bn tho lu di trn khng t bo chuong, cu hi chua c li gii trn vn vn c l:
my ngi l my ngi hay my tm? Buc lng, chng ta nh phi ty vn cnh m tm ly ng ngha
thch hop ch khng th nht loat p dng mt kiu cu trc no hay mt loai inh kin no rt ra p
s cui cng.
H Ni, -5-0
200 talawas
[1]em talawas 27-3-200
[2]V my ch an phuong nhn ti rt tn ng vi ng An Chi hiu an l b ng cho phuong ch khng
phi b ng cho nhn. V th y con mt khng phi c mu m l mt ca loi chim an phuong. in
uoc nh chnh lai ch nhm ln trong bi vit trn talawas ca mnh.
[3]Cn ch thm: tai sao ngui Nam B ni mt phng my tm m khng ni mt phng my ngi? Phi
chng ngi l bt ngun t nga trong ch Hn nhung Vit ha trit hon v sm hon tm bt ngun t
tm? Cng vy phuong c gc l phng nhung uoc Vit ha trit hon phng. V trong quy lut
ng b ca ngn ng vn v ting Vit, pht m Hn Vit danh t ny th cng phi pht m Hn Vit
danh t kia tuong ng vi n v nguoc lai? T y c th suy on xa hon: ngh trng du nui tm vn khng
c nuc ta m du nhp t Trung Quc, cho nn bui u ngui Vit ln ln tm con tm vi tm nga
con ngi, v gi tnh xung l con ngi ch c hai. t lu v sau mi gi phn bit ngi v tm. Nu
ng nhu th th my ngi my tm hin cn bo luu vng Ngh Tnh nhu Nguyn c Vn ni l iu
d hiu.
[4]Nguyn Du ton tp, tp II, Nxb. Vn hc v Trung tm nghin cu quc hc, 199; tr. 48.
[5]Ti khng dm chc sch ny l sch tung nhung chc chn l sch tp hop cc thnh ng xua ni v tung
mao.
[]Tap ch Ngn ng, s 2-1982. ng lai trn mang talawas 1-4-200.
[7]Cao un Hao, Bd.
[8]Cao un Hao, Bd.
[9]Cao un Hao, Bd.
[10]in nhc lai, T hi v T nguyn b mi u c cch l gii nga mi thng nht v rt chun, hon ton
khng phi l uc l: Nga mi: tm nga ch xc tu, loan khc nhi t trung, nhu nhn ch mi mao, c d t d
n t trung nhi m ch mi mao a %- a b % . c % C f % d Q k c
f; Tam dich: Nga mi: soi ru ca con ngi tm, cong cong m di min, ging nhu lng my ca ngui, cho
nn dng t d lng my di v p ca ph n.
[11]in xem Nt ngi v my ngi, Bd.
[12]Cao un Hao, Bd.
[13]Cao un Hao, Bd.
[14]Cao un Hao, Bd.
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