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Este

Quang Duy
ESTE
I. Khi nim:
R-COO-R; nu R v Rno th este l: CnH2nO2 (n 2)
RCOOH + HOR
2 4
o
H SO
t


RCOOR + H2O
Tn gi: Tn thng thng ca este c gi nh sau
Tn este = Tn gc hirocacbon ca ancol + tn gc axit
( i ui ic

at)
CH3CC2H! ety" axetat
CH2#CH$C$CH3 %ety" acrylat
CH3 & C & 'CH2)4 & C & CH3 i%ety" aipat
CH
2
CH
C
17
H
35
- CoO -
CH
2
C
17
H
35
- CoO -
C
17
H
35
- CoO -
("i)e*y" t*istea*at
II. Tnh cht vt l :
!" ch#t l$ng ho%c r&n ' t
o
th()ng* h+u nh( ,hng tan
trong n(-c.
C/ t
o
0i 1" 2 tan trong n(-c 3 axit ho%c ancol c/
c4ng 5 ho%c c4ng 0 ngu6n t7 C.
8gu6n nh9n : ;o <0t< ,hng c/ lin ,=t hi>ro gi?a c@c
Ah9n t7 <0t< 1" ,hB nCng tDo lin ,=t hi>ro 1-i n(-c r#t
,EF.
Th()ng c/ F4i thGF %c tr(ng.
III. TCHH:
a. Phn !n" th#y ph$n:

+Trong >ung >Hch axit :


,C,
-
. HH
H
+
,CH . ,
-
H
/h0n 1ng the2 chi3u t4 t*5i sang 6h0i "7 AhBn Ing th6
Ah9n <0t<* 6h0n 1ng the2 chi3u t4 6h0i sang t*5i "7 AhBn
Ing <0t< h/a.
89y 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n este t*2ng ;ung ;<ch a)it "7
phn !n" th%n n"h&ch+
.Trong >ung >Hch baJG : =un n>ng este t*2ng ;ung
;<ch nat*i hi*2)it- 6h0n 1ng t?2 %u@i ca a)it
cacA2)y"ic B7 *u+
ThC ;D :
,C,
-
. EaH
F
t
,CEa . ,
-
H
=> "7 AhBn Ing ,hng thuKn nghHch- BG Hhng cIn a)it
cacA2)y"ic 6h0n 1ng BJi *u K t?2 "?i este+ /h0n 1ng
n7y cIn c gi "7 phn !ng " ph#ng h$%+
Lu M:
$ Nhi 3 A7i ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH the2 tG "O
P:P h2Qc P:2 thG este c> CTCT: ,CCRH!+
$ S7 6hIng h>a este hTu cU ch2 3 %u@i B5 Panc2" thG >
"7 este ca a)it hTu cU BJi g"i)e*2"+
'. Phn !n" (h):
,$C$,
-

4
!iLlH

,$CH2H . ,
-
H+
c. Phn !n" * "+c hi,r-cac'-n
CH2#C'CH3)CCH3 . H2
F
- 8i t

CH3$CH'CH3)CCH3
Ch. /:
$Este V2%iat t*5ng gUng c gi@ng nh anehit+
$Este ca 6hen2" t5c ;Dng BJi ;; Hi3% ; t?2 2 %u@i B7
H2
$Este BIng t5c ;Dng BJi ;; Hi3% chW ch2 %u@i ;uy nhXt+
C+n chM N O tr()ng hPA ancol ,hng bQn:
I0. 1i2% ch3:
4. E5te c#a anc-l:
%. Th&' hi(n phn !ng este ho):
,CH . ,
-
H
H
+
,C,
-
. HH
*. T+ ,u-i v ./n "u0t h%logen '1% hi23o'%'*on
,CYg . ,
-
C"

,C,
-
. YgC"
6. E5te c#a phen-l:
%. T+ h%logenu% %"it v phenol%t.
,CC" . EaCRH!

,CCRH! . EaC"
*.T+ %nhi23it %"it v 345u
'CH3C)2 . HCRH!

CH3CCRH! .
CH3CH
CH3CH . CHCH
-
o
t xt

CH3C$CH#CH2
6. 7n" ,8n" :
!"F >ung Fi R t@ch* chi=t ch#t h?u cG (<t6l
ax<tatS* Aha 0Gn (but6l ax<tatS* T
SBn xu#t ch#t >Uo : Aoli1in6l ax<tat* AoliF<t6l
F<tacr6lat* T
!"F ch#t tDo h(Gng trong C8 thVc AhWF* FX AhWF*
T

9IPIT
I. Khi nim:
Li6it "7 nhTng h6 chXt hTu cU c> t*2ng tZ A72 s@ng-
Hhng hIa tan t*2ng nJc- nhng tan t*2ng ;ung %i hTu
cU Hhng 6h:n c[c+
ChXt A\2 'ngu]n g@c ^ng B9t- th[c B9t) "7 este ca
g"i)e*2" BJi a)it A\2 'a)it hTu cU %^t "_n a)it %?ch
th`ng- Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta "Jn)+C5c chXt A\2 c gi
chung "7 glix<rit+ T*ieste ca g"i)e*2" BJi a)it A\2- gi
chung "7 t*ig"i)e*it hay "7 t*ia)y"g"i)e*2"+
Cng th1c cXu t?2 chung :
2
b
c
2
CH C,
CH C,
CH C,

|
|

T*2ng > ,- ,d- ,e "7 g@c hi;*2cacA2n ca c5c a)it A\2
c> thK gi@ng h2Qc gi@ng nhau+ Eh :
Y)it 6an%itic: CP!H3PCH
Y)it stea*ic: CPfH3!CH
Y)it 2"eic: CPfH33CH
Y)it "in2"eic: CPfH3PCH
Thng gQ6 c5c g"i)e*it 6ha t?6+
YZ >[:
P
Este
Quang Duy

CH
2
CH
C
15
H
31
- CoO -
CH
2
C
17
H
33
- CoO -
C
17
H
35
- CoO -
II. Tnh cht vt l/ :
ChXt "gng ';_u th[c B9t)- chXt *hn '%i ^ng B9t)-
nhj hUn nJc- Hhng tan t*2ng nJc- tan nhi3u t*2ng c5c
;ung %i hTu cU- nhiOt ^ si thX6 'BG Hhng c> "in HZt
Hy*2)+
III. TCHH:
4. Phn !n" th#y ph$n:
7 T3ong ,8i t349ng n4:' ho;' %"it
=K thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 6h0i un n>ng t*2ng nJc i 56
suXt ca2 '2!at%) K ?t Zn nhiOt ^ ca2 '22F
2
C):

t3igli"e3it gli"e3ol %"it *<o
C> thK ;lng a)it B cU 'a)it sunVu*ic "2mng) K tnng
t@c ^ 6h0n 1ng thuk 6h:n+ Y)it A\2 Hhng tan t*2ng
nJc- c t5ch *a+
7T3ong ,8i t349ng =i>, (phn !ng " ph#ng ho)):
EXu chXt A\2 BJi Hi3% :

CH
2
CH
R
1
- CoO -
CH
2
R
2
- CoO -

R
3
- CoO -
+3NaOH
CH
2
CH
CH
2
- OH
- OH
- OH
R
1
- CoONa
R
2
- CoONa

R
3
- CoONa
+
t
0
triglix<rit glix<rol x" Ah\ng
]" Ah\ng: H^n hPA Fui natri(,aliS ca c@c axit
bEo (Pc g_i l" x" Ah\ng. Th"nh Ah+n ch 6=u ca x"
Ah\ng l": C`OHa`COO8a 1" C`bHaOCOO8a.
Ch#t tW6 r7a tng hPA: l" nh?ng ch#t c/ t@c
>[ng gi%t* r7a F" ,hng AhBi Fui 8atri ca axit
cacbox6lic. c/ l" c@c natri an,6l0undat ROSOa8a. eu
iRF ni bKc ca ch#t tW6 r7a tng hPA l" 1fn gi? (Pc
t@c >[ng tW6 r7a trong n(-c cIng.
2. ?hn !ng '@ng hi23o :'s[ hi*2 h25) AiZn g"i)e*it
cha n2 ';_u) th7nh g"i)e*it n2 '%o)+
YZ >[: 'CPfH33C)3C3H! . 3H2

F
-t 8i
'CPfH3!C)3C3H!
:;t 5+ "+c Hi,r-cac'-n
'CH3)2CH$ 'ps26*26y")- 'CH3)2CH2$CH$ ' ps2Auty")
CH3$CH2$CH'CH3)$ ' qec$Auty")- 'CH3)3$C$ 'Te*t$Auty")-
CRH!$ 6heny"- CRH!$CH2$ rensy"- CH2# CH$ 8iny"
ABngC.T, CT?TDCTCT '1% este .
$ q0n 6ht% 6 t?2 %u@i B7 anc2": ,C,d .
EaH u ,CEa . ,dH+
$ T*Jc Hhi BiZt 6h0n 1ng )7 6hIng h>a c_n )5c
<nh este > t?2 *a t4 a)Ct Un ch1c hay a ch1c- *u
Un ch1c hay a ch1c+
$ Thng thng- vua 6h0n 1ng )7 6hIng h>a- tG%
c5ch )5c <nh Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta ca %u@i h2Qc *u t?2
th7nh K suy *a g@c hi*2cacA2n ca a)it B7 *u t*2ng
este+
$ S5c <nh s@ ch1c este ;[a B72 tW "O nE : nEaH+
6E .F: nE : nEaH # P : 3 #w E "7 este 3 ch1c+
T, '8ng th!' phGn tH '1% este .&% t3n phn !ng 2-t
'h)I.
$ =@t ch5y %^t este ch2 nC2 # nH2 thG este
> "7 este n2 Un ch1c c> cng th1c txng vu5t CnH2n2+
$ Nhi 3 A7i ch2 @t ch5y %^t este Hhng n2 'c>
%^t n@i i) Un ch1c CnH2n $ 22 thG :
neste # nC2 $ n H2+
ABng 2. Hi(u su0t phn !ng.
HiOu suXt 6h0n 1ng:
este
este
thuc tb
# PFFy
"C thuybt

n
H
n

T*2ng > : neste "C thuyZt c tCnh Hhi gi0 sa *zng %^t
t*2ng hai chXt tha% gia 6h0n 1ng 'a)it- *u) 6h0n 1ng
h27n t27n+
ABng J .K)' 2Lnh 'hM s- %"EtD 'hM s- " ph#ng h$%.
ChW s@ a)it : "7 s@ %i"iga% NH c_n ;ung K
t*ung h27 a)it A\2 t[ ;2 c> t*2ng Pg chXt A\2 +
ChW s@ )7 6hIng h25: "7 txng s@ %i"iga% NH
c_n ;ung K )7 6hIng h25 chXt A\2 Eguyn chXt B7 t*ung
h27 a)it A\2 t[ ;2 t*2ng P g chXt A\2+


2
CH
2
CH
R
1
- CoO -
CH
2
R
2
- CoO -

R
3
- CoO -
+3H
2
O
CH
2
CH
CH
2
- OH
- OH
- OH
R
1
- CoOH
R
2
- CoOH

R
3
- CoOH
+
Este
Quang Duy
C$% 4. q@ ]ng 6h:n este 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR2 "7:
Y+ !+ r+ 4+ C+ 2+ D+ 3+
C$% 6. q@ ]ng 6h:n este 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 "7
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
C$% <. q@ ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR2 "7
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
C$% =. q@ ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 "7
Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
C$% >. q@ ]ng 6h:n %?ch hi c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C2H42 "7
Y+ P+ r+ 2+ C+ 3+ D+ 4+
C$% ?. Ch2 tXt c0 c5c ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c- %?ch hi- c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C2H42 "_n "t t5c ;Dng BJi: Ea-
EaH- EaHC3+ q@ 6h0n 1ng )0y *a "7
Y+ 2+ r+ !+ C+ 4+ D+ 3+
C$% @. ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR2- "7 este ca a)it a)etic+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7
Y+ C2H!CH+ r+ H$C2H4$CH+ C+ CH3CCH3+ D+ HCC2H!+
C$% A. H6 chXt S c> cng th1c cXu t?2: CH3CH2CCH3+ Tn gi ca S "7:
Y+ ety" a)etat+ r+ %ety" 6*26i2nat+ C+ %ety" a)etat+ D+ 6*26y" a)etat+
C$% B. Thy 6h:n este E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 'c> %Qt H2q4 "2mng) thu c 2 s0n 6ht% hTu cU S B7 |+ T4
S c> thK i3u chZ t*[c tiZ6 *a | Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng ;uy nhXt+ Tn gi ca E "7:
Y+ %ety" 6*26i2nat+ r+ 6*26y" V2%at+ C+ anc2" ety"ic+ D+ ety" a)etat+
C$% 4C. Este ety" a)etat c> cng th1c "7
Y+ CH3CH2H+ r+ CH3CH+ C+ CH3CC2H!+ D+ CH3CH+
C$% 44. =un n>ng este HCCH3 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch EaH- s0n 6ht% thu c "7
Y+ CH3CEa B7 C2H!H+ r+ HCEa B7 CH3H+
C+ HCEa B7 C2H!H+ D+ CH3CEa B7 CH3H+
C$% 46. Este ety" V2%iat c> cng th1c "7
Y+ CH3CCH3+ r+ HCC2H!+ C+ HCCH#CH2+ D+ HCCH3+
C$% 4<. =un n>ng este CH3CC2H! BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch EaH- s0n 6ht% thu c "7
Y+ CH3CEa B7 CH3H+ r+ CH3CEa B7 C2H!H+
C+ HCEa B7 C2H!H+ D+ C2H!CEa B7 CH3H+
C$% 4=. Thy 6h:n este S t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3%- thu c nat*i a)etat B7 anc2" ety"ic+ Cng th1c ca S "7
Y+ C2H3CC2H!+ r+ CH3CCH3+ C+ C2H!CCH3+ D+ CH3CC2H!+
C$% 4>. Este %ety" ac*i"at c> cng th1c "7
Y+ CH3CCH3+ r+ CH3CCH#CH2+ C+ CH2#CHCCH3+ D+ HCCH3+
C$% 4?. Este Biny" a)etat c> cng th1c "7
Y+ CH3CCH3+ r+ CH3CCH#CH2+ C+ CH2#CHCCH3+ D+ HCCH3+
C$% 4@. =un n>ng este CH3CCH#CH2 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch EaH- s0n 6ht% thu c "7
Y+ CH2#CHCEa B7 CH3H+ r+ CH3CEa B7 CH3CH+
C+ CH3CEa B7 CH2#CHH+ D+ C2H!CEa B7 CH3H+
C$% 4A. =un n>ng este CH2#CHCCH3 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch EaH- s0n 6ht% thu c "7
Y+ CH2#CHCEa B7 CH3H+ r+ CH3CEa B7 CH3CH+
C+ CH3CEa B7 CH2#CHH+ D+ C2H!CEa B7 CH3H+
C$% 4B. Nhi @t ch5y h27n t27n %^t este n2- Un ch1c thG s@ %2" C2 sinh *a Azng s@ %2" 2 m 6h0n 1ng+ Tn gi ca
este "7
Y+ n$6*26y" a)etat+ r+ %ety" a)etat+ C+ ety" a)etat+ D+ %ety" V2%iat+
C$% 6C. Thy 6h:n este C4HR2 t*2ng %i t*ng a)it thu c %^t h}n h6 g]% c5c s0n 6ht% 3u c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n
1ng t*5ng gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7
Y+ HCCH#CHCH3+ r+ HCCH2CH#CH2+
C+ CH3CCH#CH2+ D+ c0 Y- r- C 3u ~ng+
C$% 64. H6 chXt hTu cU S t5c ;Dng BJi YgE3 t*2ng EH3 ; thu c s0n 6ht% |+ Ch2 | t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch
H2q4 "2mng h2Qc ;ung ;<ch EaH 3u thu c HhC B cU+ S "7 chXt n72 t*2ng c5c chXt sau :y
Y+ HCH+ r+ HCH+
C+ HCEH4+ D+ Y- r- C 3u ~ng+
C$% 66. T*2ng 6h0n 1ng este h25 giTa *u B7 a)it hTu cU- yZu t@ Hhng "7% c:n Azng ca 6h0n 1ng este h25 chuyKn
;<ch the2 chi3u thu9n "7
3
Este
Quang Duy
Y+ Ch2 *u ; hay a)it ;+ r+ Dlng chXt h~t nJc K t5ch nJc+
C+ Chng cXt ngay K t5ch este *a+ D+ qa ;Dng a)it %?nh "7% )~c t5c+
C$% 6<. Ch2 chXt | 'C4HR2) t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH thu c 2 s0n 6ht% 3u c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n 1ng t*5ng
gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7
Y+ CH3CCH#CH2+ r+ HCCH2CH#CH2+
C+ HCCH#CHCH3+ D+ HCC'CH3)#CH2+
C$% 6=. Este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 c> g@c *u "7 %ety" thG a)it t?2 nn este > "7 :
Y+ Y)it V2%ic+ r+ Y)it a)etic+ C+ Y)it 6*26i2nic+ D+ Y)it n$Auti*ic+
C$% 6=. ChXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C!HR4 + Thy 6h:n S Azng ;ung ;<ch EaH ; - thu c P %u@i B7
P *u + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S c> thK "7 :
Y+ HC$CH2$CH#CH$CH r+ HC$CH#CH$C$CH3
C+ HC$CH2$C$CH#CH2 D+ HC$C$CH#CH$CH3
C$% 6>. Thy 6h:n este E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 BJi )~c t5c a)it B cU "2mng- thu c 2 s0n 6ht% hTu cU S- |
'chW ch1a C- H- )+ T4 S c> thK i3u chZ t*[c tiZ6 *a | Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng ;uy nhXt + ChXt E "7 :
Y+ Ety"a)etat+ r+ n$6*26y" V2%iat+ C+ is2$6*26y"V2%iat+ D+ %ety"6*26i2nat+
C$% 6@. Hai chXt hTu cU SP B7 S2 3u c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta Azng RF BC+ SP c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n 1ng BJi: Ea- EaH-
Ea2C3+ S2 6h0n 1ng BJi EaH 'un n>ng) nhng Hhng 6h0n 1ng Ea+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca SP- S2 "_n "t "7:
Y+ CH3$CH- CH3$C$CH3+ r+ 'CH3)2CH$H- H$C$CH3+
C+ H$C$CH3- CH3$CH+ D+ CH3$CH- H$C$CH3+
C$% 6A. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h>a sau '%}i %i tn "7 %^t 6hUng t*Gnh 6h0n 1ng):
Tinh A^t u S u | u u %ety" a)etat+ C5c chXt |- t*2ng sU ] t*n "_n "t "7:
Y+ C2H!H- CH3CH+ r+ CH3CH- CH3H+
C+ CH3CH- C2H!H+ D+ C2H4- CH3CH+
C$% 6B. ^t este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C4HR2- Hhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it thu c a)etanehit+ Cng th1c
cXu t?2 thu gn ca este > "7
Y+ HC$C'CH3)#CH2+ r+ HC$CH#CH$CH3+
C+ CH3C$CH#CH2+ D+ CH2#CH$C$CH3+
C$% <C. Ch2 g"i)e*2" 6h0n 1ng BJi h}n h6 a)it A\2 g]% CPfH3!CH B7 CP!H3PCH- s@ "2?i t*ieste c t?2 *a t@i
a "7:
Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ !+ D+ 4+
C$% <4. Nhi thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% thG thu c %u@i ca a)it A\2 B7
Y+ 6hen2"+ r+ g"i)e*2"+ C+ anc2" Un ch1c+ D+ este Un ch1c+
C$% <6. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCH B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% <<. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i6an%itin ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCEa B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% <=. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i2"ein ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCEa B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH33CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% <>. Nhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCH B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% <?. Ch2 ;my c5c chXt: HCH- CH3CH- CH3CC2H!- HCH- C2H!H- HCCH3+ q@ chXt t*2ng ;my tha%
gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng "7
Y+ 3+ r+ R+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
C$% <@. ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C2H42- ch2 chXt S t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH t?2 *a %u@i B7 nJc+ ChXt S
thu^c "2?i
Y+ anc2" n2 a ch1c+ r+ a)it Hhng n2 Un ch1c+ C+ este n2 Un ch1c+ D+ a)it n2 Un ch1c+
C$% <A. /*26y" V2%at c i3u chZ t4:
Y+ a)it V2%ic B7 anc2" %ety"ic+ r+ a)it V2%ic B7 anc2" 6*26y"ic+
C+ a)it a)etic B7 anc2" 6*26y"ic+ D+ a)it 6*26i2nic B7 anc2" %ety"ic+
C$% <B. Ch2 R ga% %^t este ca a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c B7 anc2" n2 Un ch1c 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi PFF %" ;ung
;<ch EaH P+ Tn gi ca este > "7
4
Este
Quang Duy
Y+ ety" a)etat+ r+ 6*26y" V2%iat+ C+ %ety" a)etat+ D+ %ety" V2%iat+
C$% =C. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n 22-2 ga% h}n h6 g]% hai este HCC2H! B7 CH3CCH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch EaH
P 'un n>ng)+ ThK tCch ;ung ;<ch EaH t@i thiKu c_n ;lng "7
Y+ 4FF %"+ r+ 3FF %"+ C+ P!F %"+ D+ 2FF %"+
C$% =4. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n Pf-24 ga% chXt A\2 c_n B4a F-FR %2" EaH+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch sau 6h0n 1ng thu
c Hh@i "ng )7 6hIng "7
Y+ PR-R{ ga%+ r+ P{-3{ ga%+ C+ P{-24 ga%+ D+ Pf-{F ga%+
C$% =6. S7 6hIng h>a {-{ ga% ety" a)etat Azng 2FF %" ;ung ;<ch EaH F-2+ qau Hhi 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n- c
c?n ;ung ;<ch thu c chXt *hn Hhan c> Hh@i "ng "7
Y+ 3-2{ ga%+ r+ {-!R ga%+ C+ {-2 ga%+ D+ PF-4 ga%+
C$% =<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n f-{ ga% este S thu c PP-44 ga% C2 B7 4-R{ ga% H2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca este "7
Y+ C4H{4 r+ C4H{2 C+ C2H42 D+ C3HR2
C$% ==. Thuk 6h:n h27n t27n PP-44 ga% este n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi S BJi PFF%" ;ung ;<ch EaH P-3 'B4a ) thu
c !-{ ga% %^t anc2" |+ Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ Ety" V2%at r+ Ety" a)etat C+ Ety" 6*26i2nat D+ /*26y" a)etat
C$% =>. Thuk 6h:n este S c> CT/T C4H{2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch EaH thu c h}n h6 hai chXt hTu cU | B7 t*2ng >
| c> tW Hh@i hUi s2 BJi H2 "7 PR+ S c> cng th1c "7
Y+ HCC3Hf r+ CH3CC2H! C+ HCC3H! D+ C2H!CCH3
C$% =?. C> thK gi tn este 'CPfH33C)3C3H! "7
Y+T*i2"ein r+ T*istea*in C+ t*i6an%itin D+ stea*ic
C$% =@. =un n>ng chXt A\2 c_n B4a 4F Hg ;ung ;<ch EaH P!y- gi0 sa 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n+ Nh@i "ng
'Hg) g"i)e*2" thu c "7
Y+ P3-{ r+ 4-R C+ R-f! D+ -2
C$% =A. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n 3f-F ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 HCC2H! B7 CH3CCH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch EaH- un
n>ng+ Nh@i "ng EaH c_n ;lng "7
Y+ {-Fg r+ 2F-Fg C+ PR-Fg D+ P2-Fg
C$% =B. H6 chXt | c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2+ Nhi ch2 | t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH sinh *a chXt c> cng th1c
C3H!2Ea+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7
Y+ C2H!CC2H!+ r+ CH3CC2H!+ C+ C2H!CCH3+ D+ HCC3Hf+
C$% >C. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n Pf-R ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 ety" a)etat B7 %ety" 6*26i2nat Azng "ng B4a B '%")
;ung ;<ch EaH F-!+ (i5 t*< B m ;lng "7
Y+ 2FF %"+ r+ !FF %"+ C+ 4FF %"+ D+ RFF %"+
C$% >4. T*2ng 6h:n ta este 'S) n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi c> th7nh 6h_n 2)i chiZ% 3R-3R y Hh@i "ng+ q@ ]ng 6h:n cXu
t?2 ca S "7
Y+ 4+ r+ 2+ C+ 3+ D+ !+
C$% >6. L7% Aay hUi F-3f ga% este n> chiZ% thK tCch Azng thK tCch ca P-R ga% 2 t*2ng clng i3u HiOn+ Este t*n c>
s@ ]ng 6h:n "7:
Y+P r+2 C+3 D+4
C$% ><. ^t este Un ch1c n2 c> !4-!! y C t*2ng 6h:n ta+Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca este c> thK "7:
Y+C3HR2 r+C4H{2 C+C4HR2 D+C3H42
C$% >=. =@t ch5y h27n t27n f-! ga% este S ta thu c PP ga% C2 B7 4-! ga% H2+ EZu S Un ch1c thG S c> cng
th1c 6h:n ta "7:
Y+C3HR2 r+C4H{2 C+C!HPF2 D+C2H42
C$% >>. =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-4R ga% chXt hTu cU Y g]% C- H- thG thu c P-344 "it C2 'Htc) B7 F- ga% H2+
Cng th1c n72 ;Ji :y c> thK "7 cng th1c ~ng +
Y+'CC2H!)2+ r+CH3CH C+CH3CCH3 D+HC$CRH4$CH
C$% >?. L7% Aay hUi !-{ ga% h}n h6 2 este ca a)it a)etic B7 2 anc2" ng `ng HZ tiZ6 ca anc2" %ety"ic+ E>
chiZ% thK tCch P-344 "it 'Htc)+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca 2 este > "7:
Y+HCC2H! B7 HCC3Hf r+CH3CCH3 B7 CH3CC2H!
C+CH3CC2H! B7 CH3CC3Hf D+CH3CCH3 B7 CH3CC2H!
C$% >@. =un n>ng P-Pg este n2 Un ch1c BJi ;ung ;<ch NH ;- ngi ta thu c P-4g %u@i+ TW Hh@i ca s2 BJi
HhC C2 "7 2+ c> cng th1c cXu t?2 n72 sau :y
!
Este
Quang Duy
Y+C2H!CCH3 r+CH3CC2H! C+HCC3Hf D+ CH3CC2H!
C$% >A. Nhi thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% thG thu c %u@i ca a)it A\2 B7
Y+ 6hen2"+ r+ g"i)e*2"+ C+ anc2" Un ch1c+ D+ este Un ch1c+
C$% >B. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCH B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% ?C. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i6an%itin ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCEa B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% ?4. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i2"ein ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCEa B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH33CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% ?6. Nhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7
Y+ CP!H3PCEa B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!CH B7 g"i)e*2"+
C+ CP!H3PCH B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!CEa B7 g"i)e*2"+
C$% ?<. =K t*ung hIa "ng a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P4 ga% %^t %u chXt A\2 c_n P!%" ;ung ;<ch NH F-P+ ChW s@ a)it
ca %u chXt A\2 t*n "7 'Ch2 H # P # PR N # 3)
Y+ 4-{ r+ R-F C+ !-! D+ f-2
C$% ?=. =K t*ung h27 P4 ga% %^t chXt A\2 c_n P-! %" ;ung ;<ch NH P+ ChW s@ a)it ca chXt A\2 > "7
Y+ R r+ ! C+ f D+ {
C$% ?>. =un n>ng chXt A\2 c_n B4a 4F Hg ;ung ;<ch EaH P!y- gi0 sa 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n+ Nh@i "ng
'Hg) g"i)e*2" thu c "7
Y+ P3-{ r+ 4-R C+ R-f! D+ -2
C$% ??. Ch2 g"i)e*2" 6h0n 1ng BJi h}n h6 a)it A\2 g]% CPfH3!CH B7 CP!H3PCH- s@ "2?i t*ieste c t?2 *a t@i
a "7
Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ !+ D+ 4+
C$% ?@. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h>a sau: Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S-|- "_n "c "7
CH3CH'EH2)CH
2
H8O
S

oc
t Cc SO H -
4 2
|

oc
t SO H OH CH - -
4 2 3
+
Y+ CH3CH'H)CH- CH2 #CH$CH- CH2 #CH$CCH3
r+ CH3CH'H)CH- CH2 #CH$CH- CH3 CCH #CH2
C+ CH3CH'EH2)CEH4- CH2 #CH$CH- CH2 #CH$CCH3
D+ CH3CH'H)CH- CH2 #CH$CH- CH2 #CH$CCH3
C$% ?A. E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C4Hf2C"+ E t5c ;Dng BJi EaH t?2 *a %^t s0n 6ht% "7% tan c Cu'H)2 t?2
;ung ;<ch )anh "a%+ E c> thK c> cng th1c cXu t?2 "7 :
Y+ C"$CH2$C$C2H! r+ CH3$C$CH2$CH2C"+
C+ HC$CH2$CHC"$CH3 D+ A- c =E(
C$% ?B. Thy 6h:n este C4HR2 t*2ng %i t*ng a)it - thu c h}n h6 2 chXt hTu cU 3u c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n
1ng t*5ng gUng + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7 :
Y+ CH3$C$CH#CH2 r+ H$C$CH2$CH#CH2+
C+ HC$CH#CH$CH3 D+ CH2#CH$C$CH3
C$% @C. Ch2 3-!2 ga% %^t este E ca a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c B7 *u n2 Un ch1c 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi 4F%"
;ung ;<ch EaH P - thu c chXt S B7 chXt |+ =@t ch5y F-R ga% chXt | ch2 P-32 ga% C2+ Nhi A< 2)i h>a-
chXt | chuyKn th7nh an;ehit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este E B7 chXt | "7 ' gi0 sa c5c 6h0n 1ng 3u ?t hiOu suXt
PFFy )
Y+ HCCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2H r+ CH3CCH2CH3 CH3CH2H
C+ C2H!CCH3 CH3CH2H D+ HCCH'CH3)CH3
C$% @4. H6 chXt hTu cU S ch1a C- H- - %?ch th`ng- c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta P4R BC+ riZt S Hhng t5c ;Dng BJi
nat*i Hi% "2?i+ LXy P4-R ga% S t5c ;Dng B4a PFF%" ;ung ;<ch EaH 2 thu c h}n h6 g]% %^t %u@i
B7 %^t *u+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 c> thK c> ca S "7:
Y+HC'CH2)4CH r+CH3C$'CH2)2$ CCH3 h2Qc C2H!C$CC2H!
C+ CH3C'CH2)2CCH3 D+ C0 3 c:u Y- r- C 3u ~ng+
C$% @6. =un RR-4 ga% h}n h6 S g]% 3 *u n2 Un ch1c BJi a)it sunVu*ic Qc i P4F
2
C - thu c !!-R ga% h}n h6
c5c ete ' AiZt c5c ete c> s@ %2" Azng nhau B7 hiOu suXt 6h0n 1ng "7 PFFy)+ q@ %2" %}i ete t*2ng h}n h6 sau
6h0n 1ng "7:
R
Este
Quang Duy
Y+ F-F! %2"+ r+ F-P %2"+ C+ F-2 %2"+ D+ F-2! %2"+
C$% @<. =@t h27n t27n 4-2 ga% este E thu c R-PR g C2 B7 2-!2 g H2+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca E "7 +:
Y+ HCCH3 r+ CH3CCH3 C+ CH3CC2H! D+ HCC2H!
C$% @=. Ch2 h}n h6 Y g]% 2 este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{2 B7 C3HR2 t5c ;Dng h27n t27n BJi EaH ; thu c
R-P4 ga% h}n h6 2 %u@i B7 3-R{ ga% %^t *u r ;uy nhXt c> tk Hh@i hUi s2 BJi 2)i "7 P-43f!+ Cng th1c cXu
t?2 %}i este B7 s@ ga% tUng 1ng "7 :
Y+ CH3CC2H! 'R-R g) HCC2H! 'P-4{g) r+ C2H!CCH3 '4-4g) CH3CCH3 '2-2g)
r+ CH3CC2H! '4-4g) HCC2H!' 2-22g) D+ ^t HZt vu0 Hh5c +
C$% @>. S7 6hIng h>a h27n t27n 22-2 ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 HCC2H! B7 CH3CCH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch EaH P +
thK tCch ;ung ;<ch EaH c_n ;lng "7 :
Y+ 2FF %" r+ 3FF %" C+ 4FF %" D+ !FF %" +
C$% @?. =un P2g a)it a)etic BJi P "ng ; *u ety"ic ' c> H2q4 Qc "7% )~c t5c )+ =Zn Hhi 6h0n 1ng ;4ng "?i thu
c PPg este + HiOu suXt ca 6h0n 1ng este h>a "7 Aa2 nhiu
Y+ fFy r+ f!y C+ R2-!y D+ !Fy+
C$% @@. =@t ch5y h6 chXt hTu cU S thu c C2 B7 H2+ Nh@i "ng 6h:n ta ca S "7 f4 BC+ S t5c ;Dng c BJi
Ea- ;ung ;<ch EaH- ;ung ;<ch YgE3EH3+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7
Y+ C4HPF+ r+ C3HR2+ C+ C2H23+ D+ CRHR+
C$% @A. ^t este S %?ch hi t?2 Aii anc2" n2 Un ch1c B7 a)it Hhng n2 'c> %^t n@i i C#C) Un ch1c+ =@t ch5y a
%2" S thu c R-f2 "Ct HhC C2 'i Htc) B7 4-F! ga% nJc+ (i5 t*< ca a "7
Y+ F-F2! %2"+ r+ F-F! %2"+ C+ F-FR %2"+ D+ F-Ff! %2"+
C$% @B. ^t este Un ch1c %?ch hi c> Hh@i "ng "7 P2- ga% t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P!F %" ;ung ;<ch NH P+ qau
6h0n 1ng thu %^t %u@i B7 %^t an;ehit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7 :
Y+ HCCH#CH$CH3 r+ CH3CCH#CH2 C+ C2H!CCH#CH2 D+ Y B7 r ~ng+
C$% AC. ChW s@ a)it ca chXt A\2 "7:
Y+ q@ "ien HZt

c> t*2ng g@c hi;*2cacA2n ca a)it A\2+


r+ q@ %i"iga% NH c_n K t*ung hIa c5c a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P ga% chXt A\2+
C+ q@ %i"iga% EaH c_n K t*ung hIa c5c a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P ga% chXt A\2+
D+ q@ %2" NH c_n K )7 6hIng h>a P ga% chXt A\2 +
C$% A4. =un n>ng h}n h6 etan2" B7 6*26an2"$2 BJi a)it 2)a"ic c> )~c t5c H2q4 9% Qc c> thK thu c t@i a Aa2
nhiu este hTu cU a ch1c
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
C$% A6. Ch2 sU ] AiZn h25 'gi0 sa c5c 6h0n 1ng 3u h27n t27n):
T*i2"ein
2
EaH - t +

S
HC" +

SP
2
2
H - Ei- t +

S2+ Tn ca S2 "7
Y+ a)it 2"eic+ r+ a)it 6an%itic+ C+ a)it stea*ic+ D+ a)it "in2"eic+
C$% A<. D_u th[c B9t "7
Y+ H}n h6 c5c hi*2cacA2n i t*?ng th5i *hn+
r+ H}n h6 c5c hi*2cacA2n i t*?ng th5i "gng+
C+ Este 3 "_n este ca *u g"i)e*in BJi a)it A\2 ch yZu "7 a)it A\2 Hhng n2+
D+ Este 3 "_n este ca *u g"i)e*in BJi a)it A\2 ch yZu "7 a)it A\2 n2+
C$% A=. S7 6hIng h>a PF ga% este S cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C!H{2 Azng f! %" ;ung ;<ch EaH 2+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch
sau 6h0n 1ng c PP-4 ga% chXt *hn Hhan+ Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ ety"ac*y"at+ r+ Biny"6*26y2nat+ C+ %ety"%etac*y"at+ D+ a"y"a)etat+
C$% A>. H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C4Hf2C" Hhi thy 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% c c5c s0n
6ht%- t*2ng > c> 2 h6 chXt c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ~ng ca S "7
Y+ HCCH2CHC"CH3+ r+ C2H!CCH2C"+
C+ CH3CCHC"CH3+ D+ HCCHC"CH2CH3+
C$% A?. Dmy c5c chXt n72 sau :y 3u c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng 't?2 HZt ta Yg)
Y+ a)eti"en- anehit a)etic- %ety"V2%iat+ r+ %etana"- etana"- a)it a)etic+
C+ %etana"- etana"- a)it V22c%ic- %ety"V2%iat+ D+ a)eti"en- a)it a)etic- a)it V22c%ic+
f
Este
Quang Duy
C:u P+ Nhi thy 6h:n h6 chXt:
H2ECH2 $ C $ EH $ CH $ C $ EH $ CH $ C $ EH $ CH $ CH
CH2CH CH2CRH! CH24$EH2
q@ a%in2 a)it sinh *a "7:
Y+ 4 r+ ! C+ R D+ 3
C:u 2+ =K t*ung hIa 2! ga% ;ung ;<ch ca %^t a%in Un ch1c S n]ng ^ P2-4y c_n ;lng PFF %" ;ung ;<ch HC" P+
Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7:
Y+ C3H!E r+ CH!E C+C2HfE D+ C3HfE
C:u 3+ Ch2 c5c "2?i h6 chXt: a%in2a)it 'S)- %u@i a%2ni ca a)it cacA2)y"ic '|)- a%in ')- este ca a%in2a)it 'T)+
;my g]% c5c "2?i h6 chXt 3u t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH B7 3u t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch HC" "7:
Y+ S- |- - T r.S- |- C+ S- |- T D+ |- - T
C:u 4+ q0n 6ht% thu c Hhi thy 6h:n h27n t27n ni"2n$f t*2ng ;; HC" ; "7:
Y+ C"H3E'CH2)!CH r+ E'CH2)RCH
C+ H2E'CH2)!CH D+ C"H3E'CH2)RCH
C:u R: Ch2 sU ] 6h0n 1ng : C4HPP2E . EaH u Y . CH3EH2 . H2+
89y cng th1c cXu t?2 ca C4HPP2E "7 :
Y+C2H!CCH2 EH2 r+ C2H!CEH3CH3
C+ CH3CCH2CH2EH2 D+ C2H!CCH2CH2EH2
C:u f: Ei"2n & R-R "7 %^t "2?i: Y+ tU a)etat r+ tU 62"ia%it C+ 62"ieste D+ tU Bisc2
C$% A: Nh@i "ng ca %^t 2?n %?ch tU ni"2n$R-R "7 2f34R Bc B7 ca %^t 2?n %?ch tU ca6*2n "7 PfPfR Bc+ q@ "ng %ht
)Cch t*2ng 2?n %?ch ni"2n$R-R B7 ca6*2n nu t*n "_n "t "7
D. P2P B7 P!2+ E. PP3 B7 PP4+ C. PP3 B7 P!2+ F. P2P B7 PP4+
C:u + Eh>% c5c B9t "iOu c chZ t?2 t4 62"i%e t*lng ngng "7 :
Y+ ni"2n $R-R tU "a6san ni"2n $R r+Ca2 su ni"2n $R-R tU nit*2n
C+ TU a)etat ni"2n $R-R D+ Ei"2n $R-R tU "a6san thy tinh 6"e)ig"as
C$% 4C+ /8C [2c i3u chZ t4 HhC thin nhin the2 sU ] :
CH4 C2H2 CH2#CH$C" /8C
EZu hiOu suXt t27n A^ vu5 t*Gnh "7 2Fy thG thK tCch HhC thin nhin 'i Htc) c_n "Xy K i3u chZ *a P tXn /C8 "7 ' )e%
HhC thin nhin ch1a PFFy %etan B3 thK tCch )
Y+3!{4%
3
r+P2{4R %
3
C+ {R3!%
3
D+R42R

%
3
C$% 44: a%in2a)it S ch1a %^t nh>% $EH
2
+ Ch2 PF-3 ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi a)it HC" ';)- thu c P3-! ga% %u@i
Hhan+ =un n>ng S BJi ("i)in c> )~c t5c thu c i6e6tit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7
D. H
2
ECH
2
CH+ E.CH3CH2CH'EH2)CH+
C+CH
3
CH'EH
2
)CH'EH
2
)CH
2
CH+ F. CH
3
CH'EH
2
)CH+
C:u P2+ Nh@i "ng c5c g@c g"i)in 't4 g"i)in ) chiZ% !Fy Hh@i "ng %^t "2?i tU tz% 'ViA2*2in) +Nh@i "ng g"i)in %7
c5c c2n tU tz% c_n K t?2 nn P Hg tU >
Y+R4!-!! g r+R4R-!! g C+R4R- 44 g D+R4!-!R g
C$% 4<: Ch2 h}n h6 S g]% hai chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C
2
H
f
E
2
t5c ;Dng B4a BJi ;ung ;<ch
EaH B7 un n>ng- thu c ;ung ;<ch | B7 4-4{ "Ct h}n h6 'i Htc) g]% hai HhC '3u "7% )anh giXy vu t%)+
TW Hh@i hUi ca @i BJi H
2
Azng P3-f!+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch | thu c Hh@i "ng %u@i Hhan "7
D. PR-! ga%+ r+ P4-3 ga%+ C. {- ga%+ F. P!-f ga%+
C:u P4+ Nhi chng cXt nh[a than 5- ngi ta thu c %^t 6h:n an ch1a 6hen2" B7 ani"in hIa tan t*2ng
anHy"Aensen ';ung ;<ch Y )+ qDc HhC hi*2 c"2*ua B72 PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Y thG thu c P-2! ga% HZt ta+ Ehg t4 t4
nJc A*2% B72PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Y B7 "hc HW ch2 Zn Hhi ng4ng t?2 t?2 HZt ta t*hng thG hZt 3FF ga% nJc A*2% 3-2y+
E]ng %2" ca ani"in B7 6hen2" t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Y
Y+ F-P B7 F-2 r+ F-P B7 F-P C+F-2B7 F-2 D+ F-2 B7 F-P
C$% 4>: =@t ch5y h27n t27n %^t "ng chXt hTu cU S thu c R-f2 "Ct HhC C
2
- P-P2 "Ct HhC E
2
'c5c HhC 2 i Htc)
B7 R- 3 ga% H
2
+ Nhi S t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH thu c s0n 6ht% c> %u@i H
2
E$CH
2
$CEa+ Cng th1c
{
Este
Quang Duy
cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7
D. H
2
E$CH
2
$C$C
3
H
f
+ r+H
2
E$CH
2
$CH
2
$CC
2
H
!
+
C. H2E$CH2$C$CH3+ F. H
2
E$CH
2
$C$C
3
H
!
+
C:u PR+ 6H ca ;ung ;<ch clng n]ng %2" ca Aa chXt 'P)EH2CH2CH- '2)CH3CH2CH B7 '3)CH3 'CH2)2EH2 tnng
the2 t*9t t[ n72 sau :y
Y+ 3 P 2 r+ P2 3 C+ 2 P3 D+ 2 3P
C:u Pf: Ch2 P %2" a%in2 a)it S 6h0n 1ng BJi ;ung ;<ch HC" ';)- thu c %P ga% %u@i |+ Cng P %2" a%in2 a)it S
6h0n 1ng BJi ;ung ;<ch EaH ';)- thu c %2 ga% %u@i + riZt %2$ %P# f-!+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7
Y+C!H4E+ r+ C4HPF2E2 C+ C!HPP2E+ D+ C4H{4E2
C$% 4A: Thu@c tha c ;lng K 6h:n AiOt ("y$Y"a$("y BJi ("y$Y"a "7
Y+ ;ung ;<ch EaH+ r+ ;ung ;<ch EaC"+
C+ Cu'H)2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3%+ D+ ;ung ;<ch HC"+
C:u P+ 6h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng
Y+ /h:n ta i6e6tit c> hai "in HZt 6e6tit+
r+ /h:n ta i6e6tit c> Aa "in HZt 6e6tit+
C + t*2ng 6h:n ta 6e6tit %?ch hi ch1a n g@c $ a%in2 a)it- s@ "in HZt 6e6tit Azng n$P+
D+ t*2ng 6h:n ta 6e6tit %?ch hi- s@ "in HZt 6e6tit Aa2 gi cng Azng s@ g@c $ a%in2 a)it
C$% 6C: ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H2E+ riZt:
S . EaH u | . CH4
| . HC" ';) u . EaC"
Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S B7 "_n "t "7
Y+ CH3CH'EH2)CCH3 B7 CH3CH'EH3C")CH+
r+ H2ECH2CC2H! B7 C"H3ECH2CH+
C+ H2ECH2CH2CCH3 B7 CH3CH'EH3C")CH+
D+ CH3CH'EH2)CCH3 B7 CH3CH'EH2)CH+
C:u 2P+T4 $ a%in2 a)it S- |- c> thK t?2 th7nh %Xy t*i6e6tit t*2ng > c> c0 S- |-
Y+ 2 r+3 C+4 D+R
C:u 22: Ch2 PF-! ga% a%in Un ch1c S 6h0n 1ng h27n t27n BJi HC" ';)- thu c PR-42! ga% %u@i+ q@ ]ng 6h:n
cXu t?2 ca S "7
Y+ 4+ r+ {+ C+ !+ D+ f+
C:u 23: /2"i'%ety" %etac*y"at) B7 ni"2n$R c t?2 th7nh t4 c5c %2n2%e tUng 1ng "7
Y+ CH2#CH$CCH3 B7 H2E$CH2R$CH+
r+ CH3#C'CH3)$CCH3 B7 H3E$CH2R$CH+
C+ CH3$C$CH#CH2 B7 H2E$CH2!$CH+
D+ CH2#C'CH3)$CCH3 B7 H3E$CH2!$CH+
C:u 24+ Nhi thy 6h:n h27n t27n !FF ga% 6*2tein Y thu c PfF ga% a"anin+ EZu 6h:n ta Hh@i ca Y "7 !FFFF ga%
thG s@ %ht )Cch a"anin t*2ng 6h:n ta ca Y "7 Aa2 nhiu
Y+ PP r+P2 C+PP D+PF
C:u 2!: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y "7 ~ng
Y+ TU Bisc2 "7 tU txng h6+
r+ T*lng ngng Auta$P-3$ien BJi ac*i"2nit*in c> )~c t5c Ea c ca2 su Auna$E+
C+ T*lng h6 sti*en thu c 62"i'6hen2"$V2%anehit)+
D+ /2"i'ety"en te*e6hta"at) c i3u chZ Azng 6h0n 1ng t*lng ngng c5c %2n2%e tUng 1ng+
C:u 2R+ Thy 6h:n h27n t27n P%2" 6enta6e6tit Y thG thu c 3 %2" g"i)in- P%2" a"anin B7 P%2" Ba"in+ Nhi thy 6h:n
Hhng h27n t27n Y thG t*2ng h}n h6 s0n 6ht% thXy c> c5c i6e6tit Y"a$("y- ("y$ Y"a B7 ("y$("y$8a"+ Th1 t[ c5c $
a%in2 a)it t*2ng 6enta6e6tit Y "7
Y+ ("y$ Y"a$ ("y $("y &8a" C+ ("y$("y &("y$ Y"a $8a"
r+ Y"a$ ("y$("y $("y &8a" D+ 8a"$ ("y$ Y"a$ ("y $("y
C:u 2f+ =K s0n )uXt tU c"2*in- ngi ta c"2 h>a /8C Azng c"2+ /2"i%e thu c ch1a RR-fy c"2+ (i0 thiZt hO s@ 62"i%e
h>a n Hhng thay xi sau 6h0n 1ng+ H0y tCnh )e% t*ung AGnh c1 %Xy %ht )Cch &CH2$CHC"$ t*2ng 6h:n ta /8C thG %^t
%ht )Cch A< c"2 h>a
Y+ 2 r+3 C+4 D+!

Este
Quang Duy
C:u 2{: Eguyn "iOu t*[c tiZ6 i3u chZ tU "a6san "7
Y+ Eti"eng"ic2" B7 a)itai6ic r+ Y)itte*e6hta"ic B7 eti"eng"ic2
C+ Y)it

$ a%in2ca6*2ic D+ Sen"u"2sUt*nit*at
C:u 2+ Ch2 P3-3! g hh S g]% CH3CHEH2CH B7 CH2EH2CH2CH t5c ;Dng BJi 8%" EaH P thu c ;; |+
riZt ;; | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi 2!F%" ;; HC" P+ (i5 t*< ca 8 "7:
Y+ PFF r+ P!F+ C+ 2FF D+ 2!F+
C:u 3F+ q[ )h6 )Z6 n72 the2 t*9t t[ tnng ;_n "[c AasU ca c5c h6 chXt sau :y "7 ~ng
Y+C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2 EH3 CRH!EH2
r+'C2H! )2EH2 EH3 CRH!EH2 C2H!EH2
C+CRH!EH2 EH3 C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2
D+EH3 C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2 CRH!EH2
C:u 3P: Ch2 2F-P!g h}n h6 S g]% CH2EH2CH B7 CH3CHEH2CH t5c ;Dng BJi 2FF%" ;; HC" P c ;; |+
;; | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi 4!F%" ;; EaH P+ /h_n y Hh@i "ng ca CH2EH2CH t*2ng S "7: Y+ !!-{3y r+
!3-!{y C+ 44-Pfy D+ 4f-4Py+
C:u 32+ Ch2 F-P %2" h6 chXt Y t5c ;Dng B4a BJi {F %" ;ung ;<ch HC" P-2! - sau > c c?n ;ung ;<ch thG thu
c P{-f! ga% %u@i+ Qt Hh5c- nZu ch2 F-P %2" Y t5c ;Dng BJi "ng ;ung ;<ch EaH B4a - *]i e% c c?n thu
c Pf-3 ga% %u@i+'AiZt *zng Y "7 %^t $a%in2 a)it- Hhng "7% %Xt ;ung ;ich Nn4+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca Y "7:
Y+ CRH!$C'EH2)2$CH r+ CRH!$CH'EH2)$CCH3
C+CRH!$CH'EH2)$CH D+ C2H!$CH'EH2)$CH
C:u 33 ^t "2?i ca2 su "u h>a ch1a 2y "u hunh+ Hgi c1 Hh20ng Aa2 nhiu %ht )Cch is26*en c> %^t c_u n@i
isunVua &q$q$'gi0 thuyZt *zng q m thay thZ ch2 H i nh>% %ety"en t*2ng %?ch ca2 su)
Y+4! r+4R C+R4 ;+3R
CGH 4>: Ch2 chXt S + S t5c ;Dng BJi Ea gi0i 6h>ng H2 the2 tk "O nS : nH # P : P B7 t5c ;Dng BJi EaH the2
tk "O
nS : n EaH # P : P+ 89y S "7 :

Y+ r+ C+ D+
CGH 4B:S\t c5c chXt hTu cU sau : 'P) CH3$CH2$CH# '2) CH3$C$CH3 '3) CH2#CH$CH# '4) CHC$CH2H
EhTng chXt Hhi t5c ;Dng BJi H2 ; ' )~c t5c Ei- t
2
) 3u ch2 s0n 6ht% gi@ng nhau "7 :
Y+ 'P) B7 '2) r+ 'P) '3) B7 '4) + C+ '3) B7 '4)+ D+ '2) '3) B7 '4)+
CGH 6C:Nhi ch2 2)i h>a !-{ ga%%^t an;ehit Un ch1c S Azng 2)i ')t- t
2
)- thu c f-4 ga% %^t a)it tUng 1ng +
Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca an;ehit S "7 cng th1c n72 sau :y :
Y+ C2H!$CH#+ r+ CH3$CH#+ C+ CH3'CH2)2CH# ;+ CH3$CH'CH3)CH#+
CGH 64:Dmy g]% tXt c0 c5c chXt 3u c> thK i3u chZ c a)it a)etic t*[c tiZ6 Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng "7 :
Y+ C2H2- CH3CH- HCCH3 r+ C2H!H- HCH- CH3CCH3+
C+ C2H!H- CH3CH- CH3CCH3+ D+ C2H!H- CH3CH- HCCH3+
CGH <4:("uc2sU c> t*2ng cU thK ^ng B9t - thc B9t + T*2ng %5u ngi h7% "ng g"uc2sU "un xn <nh BJi tW "O "7 :
Y+ F-Py r+ Py C+ F-FPy D+ F-2y
CGH <>:
CGH <?:T*2ng th[c tZ ngi ta ;lng g"uc2sU t*5ng gUng thay BG ;lng c5c an;ehit+ LM ;2 c a *a "7:
Y+ ("uc2sU * ti3n hUn an;ehit
r+ ("uc2sU Hhng ^c nh an;ehit
C+ Clng %^t s@ %2" nh nhau- g"uc2sU t?2 *a "ng A?c nhi3u hUn s2 BJi c5c an;ehit Hh5c
D+ Y- r ~ng
CGH <@:Eh[a 6hen2"V2%an;ehit c i3u chZ Azng c5ch un 6hen2" BJi ;ung ;<ch n72 sau :y+
Y+ CH3CH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it r+ CH3CH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it
C+ HCH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it D+ HCH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it
CGH <A:=@t ch5y hIan tIan h}n h6 2 ga% a%in n2- Un ch1c "7 ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 thu c 2-24 "Ct C2 'Htc) B7
3-Rg H2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 a%in "7:
Y+ CH3EH2 B7 C2H!EH2 r+ C2H!EH2 B7 C3HfEH2
C+ C3HfEH2 B7 C4HEH2 D+ TXt c0 3u sai
CGH <B:-3g %^t a"Hy" a%in S ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi eC"3- ; thu c PF-fg HZt ta+ Y"Hy" a%in S c> cng th1c n72
;Ji :y:
PF
OH CH
3
OH OH OH CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
Este
Quang Duy
Y+ CH3EH2 r+ C2H!EH2 C+ C3HfEH2 D+ C4HEH2
CH3CH2H
CGH =4:Nha h>a hIan tIan %^t "ng an;ehit Un ch1c %?ch hi 'S) c_n 4a %2" H2+ q0n 6ht% thu c ch2 t5c ;Dng
hZt BJi Ea thu c a %2" H2+ Dmy ]ng `ng ca Y c> cng th1c chung "7:
Y+ CnH2n$fCH 'nR- nguyn ) r+ CnH2n$PCH ' n2- nguyn)
C+ CnH2n$3CH 'n4- nguyn ) D+ CnH2n$2CH ' n3- nguyn)
CGH =6:H}n h6 g]% 2 *u Un ch1c A9c P+ Ch2 P!-3 g h}n h6 t5c ;Dng Ea ';)- thu c 3-3R "Ct hi;*2
'Hc)+ Clng "ng h}n h6 t*n 6h0n 1ng h27n t27n BJi Cu i nhiOt ^ ca2- c h}n h6 an;ehit P+ Ch2 t27n A^
"ng P 6h0n 1ng hZt BJi Yg2 ; t*2ng EH3 thu c {R-4g Yg+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn hai *u t*2ng h}n h6
"7:
Y+ C2H!H B7 CH3H r+ CH3H B7 Ch3$CH2$CH2$H
C+ C3HfH B7 Ch3H D+ TXt c0 sai
CGH =<:ChXt S ch1a c5c nguyn t@ C- H- t*2ng > hi*2 chiZ% 2-43y B3 Hh@i "ng+ Nhi @t ch5y S 3u thu
c s@ %2" nJc Azng s@ %2" chXt S m ch5y- AiZt P %2" S 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi 2-F %2" Yg2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch
a%%2niac+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7:
Y+ HCH r+ HC & CH C+ HC & HC#CH & CH D+HC $ CC & CH
CGH =A:Ch2 F-F2 %2" chXt S 'S "7 %^t

$ a%in2 a)it) 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi PRF%" ;; HC" F-P!2 thG t?2 *a 3-Rfg
%u@i+ Qt Hh5c 4-4P ga% S Hhi 6h0n 1ng BJi P "ng EaH B4a thG t?2 *a !-f3g %u@i Hhan+ riZt S c> %?ch
cacA2n Hhng 6h:n nh5nh+ 89y cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7:
Y+ HC$CH'EH2)$CH'EH2)CH r+ HC$CH2$CH2$CH'EH2)$CH
C+ CH3$CH2$CH'EH2)$CH D+ CH3$CH2$CH2$CH'EH2)$
CH
C$% =: =@t ch5y h27n t27n F-4 %2" h}n h6 Y g]% 2 anHen "in tiZ6 - c % g nJc B7 '% . 3)g C2+
CT/T ca 2 anHen n7y "7 :
Y+ Y+ C2H4 B7 C3HR+ r+ C4H{ B7 C!HPF+ C+ C3HR B7 C4H{ D+ C!HPF B7 CRHP2 +
C$% ?: T*2ng %^t AGnh HCn ch1a h}n h6 HhC g]% hi;*2cacA2n S B7 hi;*2 c> Ei "7% )~c t5c 'thK tCch Ei
Hhng 5ng HK)+ Eung n>ng AGnh %^t thi gian - thu c %^t HhC | ;uy nhXt + clng nhiOt ^- 56 suXt t*2ng AGnh
t*Jc Hhi nung n>ng gX6 3 "_n 56 suXt t*2ng AGnh sau Hhi nung + =@t ch5y %^t "ng | thu c
2
CO
n
:
2
H O
n
# 3 : 2+
89y S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta n72 sau :y
Y+ C2H4+ r+ C2H2+ C+ C3H4+ D+ C4H4+
C$% B: Hi;*2cacA2n Y t5c ;Dng BJi A*2% t*2ng i3u HiOn thCch h6 - thu 4 ;n )uXt ch1a A*2% "7 ]ng 6h:n
ca nhau B7 c> tW Hh@i hUi ca %}i ]ng 6h:n @i BJi hi;*2 "7 f!-!+ CT/T B7 tn ~ng ca Y "7 :
Y+ C!HP2 2-2$;i%ety"6*26an r+ CRHP4 2-3$;i%ety"Autan+
C+ C!HP2 2$%ety"Autan+ D+ C4HPF %ety"6*26an+
C$% 4C: S B7 | c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C4HPF + =un S- | t*2ng H2q4 Qc i PfF
2
C - thu c %^t 2"eVin ;uy
nhXt+ Tn S B7 | "7 :
Y+ rutan2"$P B7 Autan2"$2 r+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$P B7 2$%ety"6*26an2"$2+
C+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$2 B7 Autan2"$2+ D+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$P B7 Autan2"$P+
C$% 44: H}n h6 S g]% %^t *u Un n2 | B7 %^t *u n2 2 ch1c + C0 2 *u 3u c> clng s@ CacA2n+ =@t h27n
t27n F-F2 %2" h}n h6 S- thG thu c P-fR ga% C2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta %}i *u "7 :
Y+ C2H!H B7 C2H4'H)2 r+ C3HfH B7 C3HR'H)2+
C+ C4HH B7 C4H{'H)2+ D+ C!HPPH B7 C!HPF'H)2
C$% 4<: C5c 6h5t AiKu n72 sau :y B3 6hen2" Hhng chCnh )5c
Y+ /hen2" c> tCnh a)it- t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch Hi3%- 6hen2" c> tn a)it 6henic+
r+ 6hen2" ; tha% gia 6h0n 1ng c^ng BJi ;ung ;<ch A*2% ch2 HZt ta t*hng +
C+ TCnh a)it ca 6hen2" yZu - ;ung ;<ch ca 6hen2" t*2ng nJc Hhng "7% xi %7u vuG tC%+
D+/hen2" ch2 6h0n 1ng t*lng ngng BJi an;ehit V2%ic- t5c ;Dng c BJi %u@i Ea2C3+
C$% 4=: T*2ng c5c ]ng 6h:n "7 h6 chXt thU% c> cng th1c 6h:n ta CfH{+ q@ ]ng 6h:n t5c ;Dng c BJi c0 Ea
B7 EaH "7 :
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ P D+ 4+
C$% 4>: )i h>a h27n t27n 2F-4 ga% h}n h6 2 an;ehit HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng- ngi ta thu c h}n h6
hai a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c + =K t*ung hIa h}n h6 a)it n7y c_n 6h0i ;lng 2FF%" ;ung ;<ch EaH 2+ Cng th1c
cXu t?2 ca 2 an;ehit "7 :
PP
t
2
Este
Quang Duy
Y+ CH3CH CH3CH2CH+ r+ H$CH# CH3$CH#
r+ C2H!$CH# C3Hf$CH#+ D+ CH3$CH'CH3)$CH# CH3$CH'CH3)$CH2$CH#+
C$% 4?: =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-f2 ga% h}n h6 S g]% c> an;ehit ac*y"ic B7 %^t an;ehit n2 Un ch1c Y c_n 2-2R "Ct
2)i 'i ;Htc)+ Ch2 t27n A^ s0n 6ht% ch5y hX6 thD hZt B72 ;ung ;<ch nJc Bi t*2ng ; c {-! ga% HZt ta + Cng
th1c cXu t?2 ca Y "7 :
Y+ C3Hf$CH#+ r+ H$CH#+ C+ C2H!CH#+ D+ CH3$CH#+
C$% 4B: /h5t AiKu n52 sau:y "un ~ng B3 an;ehit Yn;ehit "7 h6 chXt hTu cU :
Y+ ChW c> tCnh Hha+ r+ ChW c> tCnh 2)i h>a+
C+ 84a c> tCnh Hha B4a c> tCnh 2)i h>a+ D+ Nhng c> tCnh 2)i h>a B7 Hhng c> tCnh Hha +
C$% 66: Chia % ga% %^t an;ehit th7nh 2 6h_n Azng nhau :
& /h_n P: e% @t ch5y h27n t27n- thu c
2
CO
n
#
2
H O
n
+
& /h_n 2: e% th[c hiOn 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng thG thXy
an><hit
n :
Lg
n
# P : 4 +
89y an;ehit > "7 :
Y+ Yn;ehit Un ch1c- n2- %?ch hi + r+ Yn;ehit n2- %?ch BIng+
C+ Yn;ehit V2%ic+ D+ Cha thK )5c <nh+
C$% 6>: 2n2%e ;lng K i3u chZ thy tinh hTu cU "7 :
Y+ CH2#CH$CH r+ CH2#C'CH3)$CCH3 C+ CH3C$
CH#CH2 D+ CH2#CH$CH3+
+
Y+
C$% <A: S "7 %^t a%in2 a)it chW ch1a P nh>% &EH2 B7 P nh>% &CH + Ch2 -FR ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi HC" ; thu
c PP-2! ga% %u@i + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7:
r+ Y+ H2E$CH2$CH r+ CH3$CH'EH2)$CH
C+ C+ CH3$CH'EH2)$CH2$CH+ D+ CRH!$CH'EH2)$CH+
C$% =: =]ng 6h:n "7 nhTng chXt :
Y+ c> clng Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta + r+ c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta +
C+ c> th7nh 6h_n 6h:n ta hUn H\% nhau %^t s@ nh>% CH2
D+ c> clng cng th1c cXu t?2 +
C$% A: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng :
Y+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt ca2 6h:n ta r+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt hi;*2cacA2n+
C+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt Hhng n2 + D+ Y- r- C 3u ~ng+
C$% B: Nhi %^t anHen c^ng BJi H2 ta c :
Y+ ^t anHen Hh5c c> nhi3u nguyn ta H hUn +
r+ ^t anHan c> clng s@ nguyn ta C BJi anHen t*n+
C+ ^t anHen c> B< t*C n@i i thay xi +
D+ ^t anHan c> %?ch C Hh5c BJi anHen t*n+
C$% 4<: ,u n72 sau :y- Hhi t5ch nJc thu c s0n 6ht% chCnh "7 3$%ety"Auten$P :
Y+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$P r+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$2
C+ 3$%ety"Autan2"$P D+ 3$%ety"Autan2"$2
C$% 4=: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng :
D. /hn2" t*2ng nJc ch2 %i t*ng a)it "7% vu tC% h>a g +
E. Yni"in t*2ng nJc ch2 %i t*ng Aas "7% vu tC% h>a )anh+
C. ^t chXt tan %?nh t*2ng nJc c> thK HZt tinh t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Am2 hIa chCnh n> +
F. =^ tan ca chXt HhC tnng Hhi 56 suXt gi0%+
C$% 4@: H6 chXt hTu cU c> cng th1c ;?ng CnH2n thu^c "2?i h6 chXt :
E. Y+ an;ehit B7 )et2n Hhng n2
I. r+ *u B7 ete n2
J. C+ an;ehit Un ch1c B7 )et2n Un ch1c n2+
H. D+ *u Un ch1c n2 B7 ete Un ch~c n2
C$% 4B: Dung ;<ch sacca*2s tinh HhiZt Hhng c> tCnh Hha - nhng Hhi un n>ng BJi ;ung ;<ch H2q4 "?i c> thK ch2
6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng + => "7 ;2 :
Y+ =m c> s[ t?2 th7nh an;ehit sau 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n +
P2
Este
Quang Duy
r+ qacca*2s t*5ng gUng c t*2ng %i t*ng a)it +
C+ qacca*2s A< thy 6h:n th7nh V*uct2s B7 g"uc2s c> ch1c an;ehit +
D+ qacca*2s chuyKn cXu t?2 th7nh %ant2s c> ch~c an;ehit +
C$% 6<: T*2ng cng nghiO6 chZ t?2 *u^t 6hCch - ngi ta th[c hiOn 6h0n 1ng h>a hc n72 sau :y :
Y+ Ch2 a)eti"en t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE3EH3 +
r+ Ch2 g"uc2s t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE3 EH3+
C+ Ch2 an;ehit V2%ic t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE3EH3 +
D+ Ch2 a)it V2%ic t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE3EH3 +
C$% 6?: T*2ng 6h0n 1ng anHy" h>a rensen ;Ji :y c> thK nh9n c s0n 6ht% "7 chXt n72

. ,&C"
3
o
LlCl
t

Y+ 2n2anHy"Aensen r+ =ianHy"Aensen
C+ T*ianHy"Aensen D+ C0 Y- r- C +
C$% <C: r@n chXt S- |- - T c> clng cng th1c Un gi0n nhXt + Nhi @t ch5y %}i chXt 3u ch2 s@ %2" C2 # s@
%2" H2 # s@ %2" 2 tha% gia 6h0n 1ng ch5y +/h:n ta Hh@i ca %}i chXt 3u nhg hUn 2FF BC B7 ch~ng c>
vuan hO chuyKn h>a the2 sU ] sau :
S |
T
| "7 chXt n72
Y+ CH2 r+ C2H42 C+ C3HR3 D+ CRHP2R
C$% <4: =K ch1ng %inh g"uc2sU c> nh>% ch1c an;ehit- c> thK ;lng %^t t*2ng Aa 6h0n 1ng h>a hc+T*2ng c5c 6h0n
1ng sau - 6h0n 1ng n72 (hKn" ch1ng %inh c nh>% ch1c an;ehit ca g"uc2sU
Y+ )ih>a g"uc2sU Azng YgE3EH3 +
r+ )ih>a g"uc2sU Azng Cu'H)2 un n>ng+
C+ Ln %en g"uc2sU Azng )~c t5c ensi%+
D+ Nha g"uc2sU Azng H2 Ei- t
2
+
C$% <6: Nh@i "ng HZt ta ]ng 'p) 2)it t?2 th7nhHhi un n>ng ;ung ;<ch h}n h6 ch1a ga% g"uc2s B7 "ng ;
]ng 'pp) hi;*2)it t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% "7 Aa2 nhiu ga%
Y+ P-44 ga% r+ 3-RF ga% C+ f-2F ga% D+ P4-4 ga%+
C$% <<: /h5t AiKu n72 ;Ji :y B3 a%in2a)it "7 (hKn" ~ng
Y+ Y%in2a)it "7 h6 chXt hTu cU t?6 ch1c - 6h:n ta ch1a ]ng thi nh>% a%in2 B7 nh>% cacA2)i" +
r+ H6 chXt H2ECH "7 a%in2a)it Un gi0n nhXt +
C+ Y%in2a)it ng27i ;?ng 6h:n ta 'H2E,CH) cIn c> ;?ng i2n "ong c[c ' H3E
.
,C
&
) +
D+ Thng thng - ;?ng i2n "ong c[c "7 ;?ng t]n t?i chCnh ca a%in2a)it +
C$% <=: Ch2

$a%in2a)it %?ch th`ng Y c> cng th1c H2E,'CH)2 6h0n 1ng hZtBJi F-P %2" EaH t?2 -!! ga%
%u@i + Y "7 chXt n72 sau :y
Y+ Y)it 2$a%in26*26ani2ic+ r+ Y)it 2$a%in2Autan;i2ic
C+ Y)it 2$a%in26entan;i2ic D+ Y)it 2$a%in2he)an;i2ic+
C$% <@: T*2ng 4 62"i%e ;Ji :y- 62"i%e n72 clng "2?i BJi ca2 su runa
Y+ /2"iBiny"c"2*ua r+ Eh[a 6hen2"V2%an;ehit
C+ /2"iBiny"a)etat D+ TU "a6san
C$% <A: Hmy chn 56 5n ~ng : /2"iBiny"anc2" "7 :
Y+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng t*lng h6 CH2#CH$H+
r+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng c^ng nJc B72 a)eti"en+
C+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n 62"iBiny"a)etat t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% +
D+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng giTa a)it a)etic BJi a)eti"en +
C$% =<: Ch2 sU ] :
P3
H2

.Y t*lng h6 .EaH
Este
Quang Duy
CHCH S | E . ( +
"7 :
Y+ /2"iBiny"anc2" r+ 62"i%ety"Biny"
C+ /2"iBiny"a)etat D+ /2"i%ety" Biny"at
C$% =@: =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-{F ga% %^t h6 chXt hTu cU S thu c 3-R ga% C2 B7 2-PR ga% H2 + TW Hh@i hUi
ca S s2 BJi Hhng HhC Azng 2-FR + S t5c ;Dng c BJi Ea - A< 2)i h>a Aii 2)i Hhi c> Cu )~c t5c t?2 *a an;ehit +
Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7 cng th1c n72
Y+ n$C3HfH r+ C3H!H C+ C3H{2 D+ is2$C3HfH+
C$% B: 1+t ch5y h27n t27n h}n h6 2 a%in n2 Un ch1c ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 - thu c
n : n # P : 2 + Hai a%in c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 :
Y+ C2H!EH2 B7 C3HfEH2 + r+ CH3 EH2 B7 C2H!EH2 .
C+ C3HfEH2 B7 C4HEH2 + D+ C4HEH2 B7 C!HPPEH2 +
C$% 44: Ch2 6h0n 1ng :
r*
CH3& C&CH2&CH3
CH3
S5c <nh s0n 6ht% chCnh ca 6h0n 1ng t*n +
Y+ CH2#C&CH2&CH3 r. CH3&C#CH&CH3
CH3 CH3 H
C+ CH3&CH&CH#CH2 D+ CH3&CH2&C&CH3
CH3 CH3
C$% 46: ,u B7 a%in n72 sau :y clng A9c
Y+ 'CH3)3CH B7 'CH3)3CEH2 + r+ 'CH3)2CHH B7 'CH3)2 CHEH2+
C+ 'CH3)2CHH B7 CH3CH2EHCH3. D+ C2H!CH2H B7 'CH3)2ECH3+
C$% 4>: KhKn" "7% chuyKn %7u giXy vu t*ung tCnh "7 ;ung ;<ch nJc ca chXt n72 sau :y
Y+ Y)it ac*y"ic+ r+ Y)it a;i6ic+ C+ a)it a%in2 a)etic+ D+ a)it g"uta%ic
C$% 4?: Ch2 sU ] :
S | T ( ' a)it ac*y"ic)
C5c chXt S B7 c> thK "7 nhTng chXt c ghi i ;my n72 sau :y
Y+ C3H{ B7 CH3$CH2$CH2$H+ r+ C2HR B7 CH2#CH$CH+
r+ C3HR B7 CH2#CH$CH+ D+ C3HR B7 CH2#CH$CH2H+
C$% 4@: C5c hiOn tng n72 sau :y % t0 (hKn" chCnh )5c
Y+ Eh~ng vu tC% B72 ;ung ;<ch ety"a%in thXy vu tC% chuyKn %7u )anh +
r+ Th% B7i git 6hen2"6htha"ein B7 ;ung ;<ch ;i%ety"a%in thXy )uXt hiOn %7u )anh+
C+ /h0n 1ng giTa HhC %ety"a%in B7 hi;*2c"2*ua "7% )uXt hiOn Hh>i t*hng +
D+ Ehg B7i git nJc A*2% B72 @ng nghiO% [ng ;ung ;<ch ani"in thXy c> HZt ta t*hng +
4. Ch2 c5c 6h0n 1ng:
CRH!EH3C" . 'CH3)2EH 'CH3)2EH2C" . CRH!EH2 'p)
'CH3)2EH2C" . EH3 EH4C" . 'CH3)2EH 'pp)
T*2ng > 6h0n 1ng t[ )0y *a "7
Y+ 'p)+ r+ 'pp)+ C+ 'p)- 'pp)+ D+ Hhng c>+
6. Hai anHen c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR B7 C4H{ Hhi 6h0n 1ng BJi Hr* thu c 3 s0n 6ht%- B9y 2 anHen > "7
Y+ )ic"26*26an B7 Aut$P$en+ r+ 6*26en B7 Aut$P$en+
C+ 6*26en B7 Aut$2$en+ D+ 6*26en B7 %ety" 6*26en+
<. =un n>ng %^t *u S BJi H2q4 Qc "7% )~c t5c i nhiOt ^ thCch h6 thu c %^t 2"eVin ;uy nhXt+ Cng th1c
txng vu5t ca S "7 'BJi n w F- nguyn)
Y+ CnH2n.PH+ r+ ,H+ C+ CnH2n.PCH2H+ D+ CnH2n.2+
=. Nhi @t ch5y %^t *u Un ch1c 'S) thu c C2 B7 hUi nJc the2 tW "O thK tCch
2 2
C H
8 : 8 4 : !+ =
Cng th1c
6h:n ta ca S "7
Y+ C4HPF2+ r+ C3HR+ C+ C4HPF+ D+ C!HP2+
P4
H2 C2
NH C2H!H
t
2
. C"2 . H2
. Cu
. Yg2
Este
Quang Duy
>. Cng th1c Un gi0n nhXt ca anehit n2- %?ch hi S "7 C2H3+ S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7
Y+ C2H3+ r+ C4HR2+ C+ C{HP24+ D+ CP2HP{R+
?. Ch2 sU ] 6h0n 1ng sau:
/*26i"en
2
2
C" - !FF C +

S
EaH +

|
2
Cu- t +

6*26ena"+
Tn gi ca | "7
Y+ 6*26an2"+ r+ 6*26en2"+ C+ a)et2n+ D+ a)it 6*26i2nic+
@. Ch2 6h0n 1ng:
CH
2
CH
2
r*
r*
. EaH
(lo ng)
H
2

t
2
| . Ear*
Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7:
CH
2
CH
2
H
r*
Y+
CH
2
CH
2
r*
H
r+
CH
2
CH
2
H
H
C+
CH
2
CH
2
H
Ea
D+
A. P %2" a%in2a)it | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P %2" HC"+ F-! %2" | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P %2" EaH+ /h:n ta Hh@i ca |
"7 P4f BC+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca | "7
Y+ C!HE4+ r+ C4HfE24+ C+ C!HfE4+ D+ CfHPF4E2+
B. TCnh chXt Qc t*ng ca sacca*2sU "7
P+ tha% gia 6h0n 1ng hi*2 h25
2+ chXt *hn HZt tinh- Hhng %7u
3+ Hhi thuk 6h:n t?2 *a g"uc2sU B7 V*uct2sU
4+ tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng
!+ 6h0n 1ng BJi ]ng 'pp) hi*2)it+
EhTng tCnh chXt n72 ~ng
Y+ 3- 4- !+ r+ P- 2- 3- !+ C+ P- 2- 3- 4+ D+ 2- 3- !+
4C. *uct2sU Hhng 6h0n 1ng BJi chXt n72 sau :y
Y+ Dung ;<ch r*2+
r+ H2 Ei- t
2
+
C+ Cu'H)2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch EaH+
D+ Dung ;<ch YgE3 t*2ng EH3+
44. Nhi c"2 h25 /8C thu c %^t "2?i tU c"2*in ch1a RR-Ry c"2 the2 Hh@i "ng+ q@ %ht )Cch t*ung AGnh ca /8C t5c
;Dng BJi %^t 6h:n ta c"2 "7
Y+ P- !+ r+ 3+ C+ 2+ D+ 2-!+
46. Chn 6h0n 1ng sai
Y+ /hen2" . ;ung ;<ch A*2% Y)it 6ic*ic . a)it A*2%hi*ic+
r+ ,u Aensy"ic . ]ng 'pp) 2)it
2
t

Ynehit Aens2ic . ]ng . nJc+
C+ /*26an2"$2 . ]ng 'pp) 2)it
2
t

Y)et2n . ]ng . nJc+
D+ Eti"en g"yc2" . ]ng 'pp) hi*2)it Dung ;<ch %7u )anh th% . nJc+
4<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n 2-R ga% h}n h6 'S) g]% 2 anehit n2- %?ch hi c> clng s@ nguyn ta c5cA2n t*2ng 6h:n ta
thu c F-P2 %2" C2 B7 F-P %2" H2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 anehit "7
Y+ C4H{- C4HR2+ r+ C3HR- C3H42+
C+ C!HPF- C!H{2+ D+ C4HR2- C4H43+
4=. =K nh9n AiZt 3 " %Xt nhmn: 6hen2"- sti*en- *u Aensy"ic- ngi ta ;lng %^t thu@c tha ;uy nhXt "7
Y+ nat*i+ r+ nJc A*2%+ C+ ;; EaH+ D+ Ca'H)2+
4>. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% hai anehit n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi c F-4 %2" C2+ Qt Hh5c hi*2
h25 h27n t27n clng "ng h}n h6 S i t*n c_n F-2 %2" H2 thu c h}n h6 hai *u+ =@t ch5y h27n t27n "ng
h}n h6 hai *u t*n thG s@ %2" H2 thu c "7
Y+ F-4 %2"+ r+ F-R %2"+ C+ F-{ %2"+ D+ F-3 %2"+
P!
Este
Quang Duy
4?. =@t ch5y h27n t27n h}n h6 g]% P anHan B7 P anHen+ Ch2 s0n 6ht% ch5y "_n "t i vua AGnh P [ng /2! ; B7
AGnh 2 [ng NH *hn- ;- sau thC nghiO% thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh P tnng 4-P4 ga% AGnh 2 tnng R-PR ga%+ q@ %2"
anHan c> t*2ng h}n h6 "7
Y+ F-FR %2"+ r+ F-F %2"+ C+ F-F3 %2"+ D+ F-F4! %2"+
4@. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 2 *u ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 thu c F-RR ga% C2 B7 F-4! ga% H2+ EZu tiZn
h7nh 2)i h>a % ga% h}n h6 *u t*n Azng Cu- s0n 6ht% t?2 th7nh ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi YgE3 EH3 ; s thu
c "ng HZt ta Yg "7
Y+ PF-{ ga%+ r+ 3-24 ga%+ C+ 2-PR ga%+ D+ P-R2 ga%+
4A. =@t ch5y h27n t27n !-{ ga% %^t a)it cacA2)y"ic %?ch th`ng thu c F-2 %2" C2 B7 F-P%2" H2+ Cng th1c
6h:n ta ca a)it > "7
Y+ C2H42+ r+ C3H44+ C+ C4H44+ D+ CRHRR+
4B. }i anHan c> cng th1c t*2ng ;my sau s t]n t?i %^t ]ng 6h:n t5c ;Dng BJi c"2 the2 tW "O P : P t?2 *a
%2n2c"2*2anHan ;uy nhXt
Y+ C2HR C3H{ C4HPF CRHP4+ r+ C2HR C!HP2 C{HP{+
C+ C3H{ CRHP4 C4HPF+ D+ C2HR C!HP2 CRHP4+
6C. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h25 sau:
C2H4
2
r*

SP
EaH +

S2
Cu

S3
2
Cu'H) 2EaH +

S4
HCCH
2 4
H q +


S3- S4 "_n "t "7
Y+ HCCH2H- EaCCH2H+
r+ HCCH- CuC24+
C+ HCCH- EaCCEa+
D+ HCH2CH2H- HCCH+
64. Nhi ch2 CRHP4 t5c ;Dng BJi c"2 'chiZu s5ng) t?2 *a t@i a ! s0n 6ht% ]ng 6h:n ch1a %^t nguyn ta c"2+ Tn gi
ca CRHP4 "7
Y+ 2-3$i%ety"Autan+ r+ 2$%ety"6entan+
C+ n$he)an+ D+ 3$%ety"6entan+
66. C> Aa2 nhiu ]ng 6h:n anHin c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C!H{
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
6<. Ch2 3-!4{ "Ct hUi h}n h6 S 'i F
2
C- P-2! at%) g]% 2 anHen "7 ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 B72 ;ung ;<ch nJc A*2% ;
thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh [ng ;ung ;<ch A*2% tnng PF-! ga%+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 anHen "7
Y+ C3HR B7 C4H{+ r+ C2H4 B7 C3HR+
C+ C4H{ B7 C!HPF+ D+ C!HPF B7 CRHP2+
6=. ps26*en c> thK t?2 *a Aa2 nhiu g@c hi*2cacA2n h>a t*< %^t
Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+
6>. Ch2 hi*2cacA2n S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta CfH{+ Ch2 4-R ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi "ng ; YgE3 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch EH3
thu c P!-3 ga% HZt ta+ S c> t@i a Aa2 nhiu cng th1c cXu t?2
Y+ 3+ r+ 4+ C+ !+ D+ R+
6?. =^ "inh ^ng ca nguyn ta hi*2 t*2ng nh>% H ca c5c chXt: H2- C2H!H- CRH!H AiZn xi the2 vuy "u9t n72
sau :y
Y+ H2 w C2H!H w CRH!H+ r+ C2H!H w H2 w CRH!H+
C+ CRH!H w H2 w C2H!H+ D+ C2H!H w CRH!H w H2+
6@. Ch2 P!-2 ga% h}n h6 g]% g"i)e*in B7 anc2" Un ch1c S B72 Ea ; thu c 4-4{ "Ct H2 'Htc)+ Lng H2 ;2 S
sinh *a Azng P3 "ng H2 ;2 g"i)e*in sinh *a+ S c> cng th1c "7
Y+ C3HfH+ r+ C2H!H+ C+ C3H!H+ D+ C4HH+
6A. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% 2 *u HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng thu c R-f2 "Ct C2 'i Htc)
B7 f-R! ga% H2+ Qt Hh5c nZu ch2 % ga% S t5c ;Dng hZt BJi Ea thG thu c 2-{ "Ct H2 'i Htc)+ Cng th1c ca 2
*u "7
Y+ C2H!H B7 C3HfH+ r+ C3H!'H)3 B7 C4Hf'H)3+
C+ C2H4'H)2 B7 C3HR'H)2+ D+ C3HR'H)2 B7 C4H{'H)2+
6B. ,u S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C!HP2+ =un S BJi H2q4 Qc i PfF
2
C Hhng thu c anHen+ Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ 6entan2"+ r+ 6entan2"$2+
C+ 2-2$i%ety"6*26an2"$P+ D+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$2+
PR
Este
Quang Duy
<C. Ch2 2-32 ga% %^t anehit tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng h27n t27n BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE3 't*2ng EH3) ; thu
c Pf-2{ ga% Yg+ 89y thK tCch HhC H2 'i Htct) t@i a c_n ;lng K 6h0n 1ng hZt BJi 2- ga% S "7
Y+ P-P2 "Ct+ r+ 3-3R "Ct+ C+ 2-24 "Ct+ D+ R-f2 "Ct+
<4. T4 HhC thin nhin- c5c chXt B cU B7 i3u HiOn c_n thiZt K i3u chZ nh[a 6hen2"V2%anehit c_n ;lng t@i thiKu Aa2
nhiu 6hUng t*Gnh 6h0n 1ng
Y+ 4+ r+ !+ C+ R+ D+ f+
<6. Cng th1c 6h:n ta CH{2 c> Aa2 nhiu ]ng 6h:n a)it "7 ;n )uXt ca Aensen- "7% %Xt %7u ;ung ;<ch nJc A*2%
'HK c0 ]ng 6h:n hGnh hc)
Y+ !+ r+ R+ C+ f+ D+ {+
<<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% %^t a)it n2- %?ch hi- hai "_n a)it S thu c R-f2 "Ct C2 'i Htc) B7 4-! ga% H2+
Cng th1c ca S "7
Y+ C2H4'CH)2+ r+ C4H{'CH)2+
C+ C3HR'CH)2+ D+ C!HPF'CH)2+
<=. Ch2 PFF %" ;ung ;<ch a%in2a)it S n]ng ^ F-3 6h0n 1ng B4a BJi 4{ %" ;ung ;<ch EaH P-2!- sau > c
c?n thG thu c !-3P ga% %u@i Hhan+ S c> cng th1c n72 sau :y
Y+ H2ECH'CH)2+ r+ H2EC2H4CH+
C+ 'H2E)2CHCH+ D+ H2EC2H3'CH)2+
<>. Ch2 c5c h6 chXt: P+ CRH!EH2 2+ C2H!EH2 3+ 'CRH!)2EH 4+ 'C2H!)2EH !+ EH3+ TCnh AasU ca ch~ng AiZn xi
the2 vuy "u9t n72 sau :y
Y+ P w 3 w ! w 4 w 2+ r+ 2 w P w ! w 3 w 4+
C+ 4 w 2 w ! w P w 3+ D+ ! w 2 w 4 w P w 3+
<?. Ch2 c5c chXt "gng: a)it a)etic- a)it ac*y"ic- ety"a)etat- Biny"6*26i2nat- a"y"V2%iat [ng t*2ng c5c " Hh5c nhau+ Dlng
c5c h>a chXt n72 sau :y K nh9n AiZt c tXt c0 c5c chXt t*n
Y+ ;; YgE3EH3 ;; r*2+
r+ ;; YgE3EH3 vu tC%- ;; r*2+
C+ ;; YgE3EH3 vu tC% Cu'H)2+
D+ vu tC% Cu'H)2+
<@. Ln %en 22-! ga% g"uc2sU "7% *u ety"ic- hiOu vu0 vu5 t*Gnh "n %en "7 {Fy+ Nh@i "ng *u thu c "7
Y+ 4-R ga%+ r+ -2 ga%+ C+ 2-3 ga%+ D+ R- ga%+
<A. Da nh:n t?2 '/8C) c i3u chZ t4 HhC thin nhin the2 sU ]:
CH4 C2H2 CH2#CHC" CH2CHC"n+
EZu hiOu suXt ca t27n A^ vu5 t*Gnh i3u chZ "7 2Fy- %u@n i3u chZ c P tXn /8C thG thK tCch HhC thin nhin
'ch1a {Fy %etan) i i3u HiOn tiu chutn c_n ;lng "7
Y+ 43f! %
3
+ r+ 44!F %
3
+ C+ 44{F %
3
+ D+ R{f! %
3
+
<B. C> ! chXt "gng [ng t*2ng ! " %Xt nhmn: P+ Aensen- 2+ a)it a)etic- 3+ a)it ac*y"ic- 4+ *u ety"ic- g"i)e*in+ EZu chW ;lng
c5c h>a chXt sau :y: vu tC%- nJc A*2%- Cu'H)2 i i3u HiOn thng thG c> thK nh9n AiZt c nhTng chXt n72
Y+ TXt c0+ r+ 3- 4- !+ C+ P- 3- 4+ D+ 2- 3 !+
1LI CMNOJ 0P HQD HRH CN
C$% 4. YnHan S c> cng th1c cXu t?2 :
Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ 2is26*26y"Autan r+ 3is26*26y"Autan
C+ 2-3i%ety"6entan D+ 3-4i%ety"6entan
C$% 6 : H6 chXt CH3CH'CH3)CH'CH3)CH#CH2 c> tn gi "7
Y+ 3-4i%ety"6entPen r+ 2-3i%ety"6ent4en
C+ 3-4i%ety"6ent2en D+ 2-3i%ety"6entPen
C$% < : T*ng h6 n72 sau :y c> cng th1c cXu t?2 (hKn" ~ng BJi tn gi m ch2
Pf
Este
Quang Duy
Isopentan 3-etyl-2-etylpentan
neopentan 3!3-"etylpentan
CH
3
CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CHCHCH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CHCH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
D.
E.
F.
C.
C$% = : H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c C4Hr*+ =un h}n h6 g]% S- NH B7 anc2" ety"ic thXy chW t?2 *a AutP
en+ Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ PA*2%Autan r+ 2A*2%Autan
C+ PA*2F2%ety"6*26an D+ 2A*2F2%ety"6*26an
C$% > : H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c cXu t?2 : CH2#CHCCH3+ Tn gi ca S "7
Y+ %ety" ac*y"at r+ Biny" a)etat
C+ Biny" V2%at D+ an"y" V2%at
C$% ? : Y%in 'CH3)2CH$EH$CH3 c> tn gi "7
Y+ E$%ety"6*26an$2$a%in r+ E$%ety"is26*26y"a%in
C+ %ety"6*26y"a%in D+ E$%ety"$2$%ety"etana%in
C$% @ : Y%in CH3$EH$C2H! c> tn gi g@c $ ch1c "7
Y+ 6*26an$2$a%in r+ ety" %ety" a%in
C+ %ety"ety"a%in D+ ety"%ety"a%in
C$% A : Tn gi n72 sau :y (hKn" ~ng BJi chXt c> cng th1c CH3CH'EH2)CH
Y+ a)it 2$a%in26*26an2ic r+ a)it

$a%in26*26i2nic
C+ a)it

$a%in26*26an2ic D+ a"anin
C$% B : Tn thay thZ ca chXt c> cXu t?2 CH3CHC"CH3 "7
Y+ 2$c"26*26an r+ 6*26y" c"2*ua
C+ 6*26y"c"2*ua D+ 2$c"2 6*26an
C$% 4C: Tn gi ca CRH!$EH$CH3 "7
D. %ety"6heny"a%in+ E. E$%ety"ani"in+
C. E$%ety"Aensena%in+ F. c0 D- E- C 3u ~ng+
C$% 44 : Tn gi ca chXt CH3 & CH & CH & CH3 "7
C2H! CH3
D. 2$ety"$3$%ety"Autan+ E. 3$ety"$2$%ety"Autan+
C. 2-3$i%ety"6entan+ F. 2-3$i%ety"Autan+
C$% 46 : Tn gi ca chXt hTu cU S c> CTCT :
P{
Este
Quang Duy
2 5
3 2 2 3
3
3
C H
|
|
CH
CH C CH CH CH CH
|
CH

L7 :
Y+ 2$%ety"$2-4$iety"he)an C+ !$ety"$3-3$i%ety"he6tan
r+ 2-4$iety"$2$%ety"he)an D+ 3$ety"$!-!$i%ety"he6tan
C$% 4< : T*2ng cgc chXt ;Ji :y- chXt n72 c gi tn "7 iBiny"
Y+ CH2 # C # CH$CH3 r+ CH2 # CH$CH # CH2
C+ CH2$CH$CH2 $CH # CH2 D+ CH2 # CH $ CH # CH $ CH3
C$% 4= : ChXt
3
3
3
CH
|
CH C C CH
|
CH

c~ tn "7 go
Y+ 2-2$i%ety"Aut$P$in r+ 2-2$i%ey"Aut$3$in
C+ 3-3$i%ey"Aut$P$in D+ 3-3$i%ey"Aut$2$in
C$% 4> :
ChXt c~ tn "7 go

Y+ P$Auty"$3$%ety"$4$ety"Aensen+ r+ P$Auty"$4$ety"$3$%ety"Aensen+
C+ P$ety"$2$%ety"$4$Auty"Aensen+ D+ 4$Auty"$P$ety"$2$%ety"Aensen+
C$% 4? : ChXt
3 2
3
CH CH CH COOH
|
CH

c~ tn "7 :
Y+ Y)it 2$%ety"6*26an2ic r+ Y)it 2$%ety"Autan2ic
C+ Y)it 3$%ety"Auta$P$2ic D+ Y)it 3$%ety"Autan2ic+
C$% 4@ : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thay thZ
2 2
3
OHC -CH - CH -CH -CH #CH - CHO
|
CH

Y+ !$%ety"he6$2$en$P-f$;ia" r+ is2$2cten$!$;ia"
C+ 3$%ety"he6$!$en$P-f$;ia" D+ is2$2cten$2$;ia"
C$% 4A : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thay thZ :
P
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
Este
Quang Duy

3 2
2 5 2 5
CH - CH CH - CH - COOH
| |
C H C H


Y+ 2-4$iety"6entan2ic r+ 2$%ety"$4$ety"he)an2ic
C+ 2$ety"$4$%ety"he)an2ic D+ 4$%ety"$2$ety"he)an2ic
C$% 4B : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6hg6 g@c & ch1c+

3 2 2 2 2 3
3
CH CH CH CH N CH CH
|
CH

Y+ Ety"%ety"a%in2Autan C+ Auty"ety"%ety"a%in
r+ ety"%ety"Auty"a%in D+ %ety"ety"Auty"a%in
C$% 6C : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thng thng :

Y+ P$a%in2$3$%ety" Aensen+ C+ %$t2"u;in+
r+ %$%ety"ani"in+ D+ C0 r- C+
C$% 64 EhTng 6h:n ta n72 sau :y c> thK c> 6h0n 1ng t*lng h6: P+ CH2#CH2 2+ CHCH 3+ CH2#CHC" 4+ CH3$
CH3
Y+ P- 3+ r+ 3- 2+ C+ P- 2- 3- 4+ D+ P- 2- 3
C$% 66: H6 chXt Un ch1c:
Y+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c+
r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c clng "2?i t*i "n+
C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t nh>% ch1c+
D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c B7 c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c t*i "n+
C:u 23 =]ng 6h:n :
Y+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU Hh5c nhau B3 s[ 6h:n A@ c5c nguyn ta t*2ng Hhng gian+
r+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c txng vu5t nhng Hh5c nhau B3 cng th1c cXu t?2+
C+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta nhng Hh5c nhau cng th1c cXu t?2 nn tCnh chXt Hh5c nhau+
D+ L7 nhTng chXt c> cXu t?2 tUng t[ nhau nhng th7nh 6h_n 6h:n ta hUn H\% nhau %^t hay nhi3u nh>% '$
CH2$)+
C$% 6= H6 chXt a ch1c:
Y+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c clng "2?i t*i "n+
r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c BJi s@ "ng nh>% t4 hai t*i "n+
C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c Hh5c "2?i t*i "n+
2F
Este
Quang Duy
D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t nh>% ch1c+
C$% 6> H6 chXt t?6 ch1c:
Y+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai "2?i nh>% ch1c t*i "n+
r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c t*i "n+
C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> nhi3u nh>% ch1c+
D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> hai nh>% ch1c+
C$% 6? H6 chXt a ch1c B7 h6 chXt t?6 ch1c gi@ng nhau i ch}:
Y+ =3u "7 h6 chXt c> nhi3u nh>% ch1c+ r+ =3u "7 h6 chXt ch1a c5c nh>% ch1c gi@ng nhau+
C+ /h:n ta "un c> "in HZt + D+ ?ch cacA2n t*2ng 6h:n ta c> "in HZt +
C$% 6@ EhiOt ^ si ca anc2" ety"ic 'P)- anc2" %ety"ic '2)- a)et2n '3) ;i%ety" ete '4) )Z6 the2 t*9t t[ gi0% ;_n "7:
Y+ 'P) w '2) w '3) w '4) r+ 'P) w '2) w '4) w '3) C+ 'P) w '3) w '4) w '2) D+ '4) w '3) w '2) w 'P)
C$% 6A Ync2" ety"ic 'P)- ety" A*2%ua '2) B7 etan '3)- t*9t t[ B3 ^ tan t*2ng nJc gi0% ;_n "7:
Y+ 'P)- '3)- '2) r+ 'P)- '2)- '3) C+ '3)- '2)- 'P) D+ '2)- 'P)- '3)
C$% 6B q2 s5nh nhiOt ^ si ca c5c chXt sau anc2" ety"ic 'P) - ety" c"2*ua '2)- iety" ete '3) B7 a)it a)etic '4) ta c>:
Y+ 'P ) w '2) w '3) w '4) r+ '4) w '3) w '2) w 'P )
C+ '4) w 'P) w '3) w '2) D+ 'P) w '2) w '3) w '4)
C$% <C qh6 )Z6 c5c chXt sau :y the2 t*Gnh t[ tnng ;_n nhiOt ^ si: CH3CH 'P)- HCCH3 '2)- CH3CH2CH
'3)- CH3CCH3 '4)- CH3CH2CH2H '!)
Y+ '3) w '!) w 'P ) w '2) w '4) r+ 'P ) w '3) w '4) w '!) w '2)
C+ '3) w 'P) w '4) w '!) w '2) D+ '3) w 'P) w '!) w '4) w '2)
C$% <4 Ynehit a)etic c> nhiOt ^ si thX6 't
2
q # 2P
2
C) > "7 BG :
Y+ C> "in HZt hi*2 giTa c5c 6h:n ta an;ehyt+ r+ Ynehit a)etic c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta nhg+
C+ Lin HZt #C# t*2ng & CH A< 6h:n c[c+ D+ Ynehit a)etic c> 6h:n ta Hh@i thX6 B7 Hhng c> "in HZt
hi*2+
C$% <6 qh6 )Z6 c5c h6 chXt: CH3CH- C2H!H B7 CRH!H the2 th1 t[ tCnh a)it tnng ;_n+ T*ng h6 n72 sau
:y ~ng
Y+ C2H!H CH3CH CRH!H r+ CRH!H CH3CH C2H!H
C+ CH3CH CRH!H C2H!H D+ C2H!H CRH!H CH3CH
=C. Ch2 c5c 6h0n 1ng:
CRH!EH3C" . 'CH3)2EH 'CH3)2EH2C" . CRH!EH2 'p)
'CH3)2EH2C" . EH3 EH4C" . 'CH3)2EH 'pp)
T*2ng > 6h0n 1ng t[ )0y *a "7
Y+ 'p)+ r+ 'pp)+ C+ 'p)- 'pp)+ D+ Hhng c>+
ESI TTP :UT SV PHMNOJ PHWP CHHOJ JIXI ESI TYWO
HQD HZC HRH CN
2P
Este
Quang Duy
E[i 4. ^t h}n h6 hUi g]% C)Hy B7 EH3 c> txng thK tCch "7 ! "it+ =@t h27n t27n hh n7y Azng P2 "it 2 ;+qau 61 thu
c P{ "it hh HhC E2- C2- H2- 2+ Egng tD h27n t27n hUi nJc cIn "?i PF "Ct HhC+ Ch2 PF "Ct HhC n7y vua NH ; cIn
"?i { "Ct HhC+ Cng th1 C)Hy "7+
Y+ C2H4 r+ CH4 C+ C3HR D+ C4HR
E[i 6+ =@t ch5y h27n t27n F-2 %2" h}n h6 Y g]% 'CH2#CHCH2H C2H!CH CH3CCH3 CH3CCH3) *]i ch2
t27n A^ s0n 6ht% ch5y hX6 thD hZt B72 AGnh [ng Ca+ Nh@i "ng AGnh [ng Ca tnng "n Aa2 nhiu ga%
Y+ !-4 r+ P3-2 C+3f-2 D+ P{-R
r7i 3+ =un n>ng h}n h6 HhC S g]% C2H2 B7 H2 BJi )~c t5c Ei- sau %^t thi gian thu c h}n h6 HhC |+ Dn t27n A^
h}n h6 | "^i t4 t4 vua AGnh [ng ;ung ;<ch A*2% ';) thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh r*2 tnng P-32 ga% B7 cIn "?i F-44{ "Ct h}n
h6 HhC 'i Htc) c> tW Hh@i s2 BJi H2 "7 {+ Nh@i "ng ca h}n h6 S "7:
Y+ P-R{ ga% r+ P-{f ga% C+ P- {R ga% D+ P-R4 ga%
E[i =+ Nhi c*acHinh h27n t27n %^t thK tCch anHan S thu c Aa thK tCch h}n h6 | 'c5c thK tCch
HhC 2 i clng i3u HiOn nhiOt ^ B7 56 suXt) tW Hh@i ca | s2 BJi H2 Azng P2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7
D. CRHP4+ E. C3H{+ C. C4HPF+ F. C!HP2+
E[i >+ =un n>ng h}n h6 g]% hai *u 'anc2") Un ch1c- %?ch hi- HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng BJi H2q4 Qc
i P4F2C+ qau Hhi c5c 6h0n 1ng HZt th~c- thu c R ga% h}n h6 g]% Aa ete B7 P-{ ga% nJc+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca
hai *u t*n "7
D. CH3H B7 C2H!H+ E. C2H!H B7 C3HfH+
C. C3H!H B7 C4HfH+ F. C3HfH B7 C4HH+
E[i ?+ Hi*2 h25 h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% hai anehit n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi- HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng
`ng thu c '% . P) ga% h}n h6 hai anc2"+ Qt Hh5c- Hhi @t ch5y h27n t27n cng % ga% S thG c_n B4a Pf-2
"Ct HhC 2 'i Htc)+ (i5 t*< ca % "7
D. Pf-{+ E. 24-{+ C. PF-!+ F. {-{+
E[i @+ Ch2 P-24 ga% h}n h6 4 *u Un ch1c t5c ;Dng B4a BJi Ea thXy th25t *a 8 %" H
2
'Htc) B7 4\BC ga%
%u@i+ TCnh 8
Y+PP2 %" r+ 224 %" C+ 33R %" D+ 44{ %"
22

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