Anten vi di

I. Gii thiu:
Anten vi di (hay anten mch in) c tp trung nghin cu kh nhiu, c
v l thuyt ln k thut. ng thi cng nhn c nhiu kt qu ng k v mt
cng ngh v ng dng trong thc tin, nht l trong lnh vc thng tin v tuyn di
ng, thng tin v tuyn, mng cc b WLAN di siu cao tn. Anten vi di c kch
thc nh, di tn rng, thc cht l mt kt cu bc x kiu khe. im mnh ca loi
anten ny l cu trc n nh, v nht l ph hp vi cng ngh vi di hin ang c
s dng rng ri ch to mch in v cc IC chuyn dng. Ngoi ra anten vi di cn
rt ph hp vi cu trc mng anten, cho php tng li, nh hng v hn th
na c th kt hp vi cc gii thut x l s tn hiu to thnh cc anten thng
minh trong h thng CDMA.




Hnh dng tht ca mt loi anten vi di :










II. Cu trc anten vi di :
V cu to, anten vi di gm cc phn chnh l bn mt kim loi rt mng (b
dy t <<
0
, vi
0
- bc sng trong khng gian t do) t cch mt phng t mt
khong rt nh (thng 0,003
0
< h <0,05
0
), lp in mi, mn chn kim loi v
b phn tip in.





Cc loi anten vi di : cc loi bn mt ch nht, vung, trn, ellipse, hnh vnh khn Tuy
nhin loi ph bin nht l anten c bn mt ch nht v hnh vung do d phn tch v ch
to.


III. Hot ng ca anten vi di:









Sng cn truyn i di chuyn vo anten qua ng cp ngun v lan rng
xung pha di. Sau n tin st n cnh ca anten, ti y mt phn nng lng
s phn x tr li v phn cn li s bc x ra khng gian t do. Sng phn x di li
v tin vo anten cho n khi n tt dn. Mt phn nng lng cng hng ny quay
tr li ngun, mt phn b trit tiu trong lp in mi v phn cn li bc x ra
khng gian t do. Do , in trng bc x s ln nht ti tn s cng hng.










IV. Cc k thut cp ngun cho anten vi di:

- Cp ngun bng ng truyn vi di:
Trong k thut tip in ny, mt ng dn in vi di c ni trc tip vi cnh ca
anten vi di. Chiu rng ca ng truyn ny phi nh hn chiu rng ca anten vi di.
Phng php ny tin li khi ng truyn vi di c th thc hin c trn cng mt lp
in mi. phi hp tr khng, c th s dng k thut ng truyn mt phn t bc
sng (/4 quarterwave line), t lch v tr ca ng cp tn hiu so vi v tr trung tm
(offset feed line) hay ct su vo chiu rng ca bn kim loi mt on (inset feed line). Cc
k thut ny rt d ch to v sn xut cng nh d dng trong vic phi hp tr khng. Tuy
nhin phng php ny s lm gia tng sng b mt, nhng bc x khng mong mun v
nh hng n bng thng. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th cp ngun cho anten vi di bng cc k
thut khng tip xc hn ch nhng vn ny.
















- Cp ngun bng Probe ng trc:
Probe ng trc l mt k thut kh ph bin thng c dng cp ngun cho anten
vi di. Mt dy dn in bn trong u ni ng trc c ko di xuyn qua lp in mi v
c hn vi bn kim loi bc x pha trn, cn phn bn ngoi u ni c ni vi mt
phng t. Thun li chnh ca k thut tip in ny l ng tip in c th t bt k v
tr no bn trong bn kim loi nhm mc ch phi hp tr khng vi tng tr ng vo ca
n. Phng php tip in ny rt d sn xut v t gy bc x khng mong mun. Tuy nhin,
kh khn ln nht ca k thut ny l cho bng thng hp, kh khoan mt l nh trong lp
in mi, hn dy dn bn trong u ni ng trc vo bn kim loi v u ni va nh ra
pha bn ngoi mt phng t. i vi nhng lp in mi dy ( h > 0.22
0
) k thut ny li
cng kh thc hin bi v chiu di ca dy dn bn trong u ni di hn lm thay i tng
tr ng vo nh hng n vn phi hp tr khng.



















- Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn:
Trong k thut ny, ng cp tn hiu c t gia hai lp in mi v bn
kim loi bc x c t lp in mi trn cng. u im ca phng php
ny l cho bng thng rng v loi b bc x trn ng tip in. K thut
ny cho php chn hai lp in mi khc nhau cho bn kim loi bc x v cho
ng truyn tn hiu nhm mc ch ti u nhng hot ng ring r ca hai
phn t ny. Vic phi hp tr khng c th thc hin bng cch iu chnh
chiu rng ca ng cp tn hiu v t s chiu di v rng ca bn kim loi.
Kh khn chnh ca phng php ny l vic ch to, sn xut bi v n c ti
hai lp in mi v cng lm cho anten dy hn.
















- Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe:
Trong k thut ny, bn kim loi bc x v ng tip in vi di c t tch bit
nhau bi mt mt phng t. Vic ghp bn kim loi v ng cp tn hiu c thc hin
thng qua mt khe trong mt phng t. Khe ghp lun t gia v di bn kim loi nhm
gim bt phn cc cho do cu trc i xng. Khong ghp gia ng tip in v bn kim
loi c xc nh bng kch thc v vtr ca khe. Mt phng t tch bit so vi ng
truyn v bn kim loi nn bc xkhng mong mun l cc tiu. Thng thng, vt liu c
hng s in mi ln v dy dng cho lp di cn vt liu c hng s in mi nhv mng
hn sdng lp trn nhm ti u bc x t bn kim loi. Bt li chnh ca phng php
ny l kh sn xut, ch to do c nhiu lp, cng chnh v vy m lm cho anten tr nn dy
hn. Loi tip in ny c bng thng rt rng.










V. Trng bc x ca anten vi di:
tnh ton trng bc x ca anten vi di c nhiu cch khc nhau nh phng
php phn t hu hn, phng php moment, phng php m hnh ha ng
truyn Tuy nhin, m hnh ng truyn dn v hc cng hng thch hp cho cc
anten bn mt vung v ch nht.
M hnh hc cng cng:
Anten vi di c th biu din bng m hnh hc cng hng khi gi s rng
vt liu ca lp in mi b ct ct v khng ko di qu cc cnh ca bn kim loi.
Bn bc tng xung quanh (nhng bc tng t) biu din bn khe cng hng hp
ni m qua n s bc x. tnh trng bc x, nguyn l trng tng ng
(nguyn l Huygens) s c s dng. Anten vi di c biu din bng mt
dng in tng ng J
t
mt trn v mt di ca bn kim loi nhm tnh n s
c mt ca bn kim loi ( cng c mt mt dng J
b
mt di ca bn kim loi
nhng khng cn thit trong m hnh ny). Bn khe mt bn c biu din bng
mt dng in tng ng J
s
v mt dng t tng ng M
s
vi :

J
s =
x H
a
v M
s
= - x E
a

Trong E
a
v H
a
biu din trng in t ti cc khe.














M hnh ng truyn sng:
Anten vi di c th c biu din bng hai khe bc x dc theo chiu di ca bn
kim loi (mi khe c chiu rng l W v chiu cao h). Tng t, trong m hnh ny anten vi
di c biu din bi bn khe bc x nhng ch c hai khe c tnh cho bc x, trng bc
x ca hai khe cn li biu din theo chiu rng ca bn kim loi c b qua dc theo mt
phng chnh. Nh vy, hai khe ging nhau dc theo chiu di c xem l hai khe bc x.
Hai khe ny c biu din bng tng tr ca mt ng truyn sng phng song song.
Chiu di ca ng truyn sng xp x 2/ vi l bc sng trong lp nn. Hai khe ny
c dng mt mng hai phn t vi khong cch gia hai phn t l 2/ . khe 1 v khe 2,
dng tng ng

c cng hng v cng bin . Chng l nhng hng s dc theo trc

x v y.
















Da trn 2 m hnh ny, trng bc x ca anten vi di c tnh ton da
trn cc cng thc ng vi cc trng hp sau:

- i vi anten phn cc thng, bn mt ch nht :
Vector cng trng E :
E = E
r
+ E

+ E

E
r
= E

= 0
in trng ca mi khe bc x :
E

=jk
0
E
0
.

sin

Tng in trng ca hai khe bc x

E

=jk
0
E
0
.

sin

.cos(k
0
L
E
sin sin)
Trong :

Vi :
X = k
0
h sin cos ; Z = k
0
cos














- i vi anten phn cc trn bn mt hnh vung :
Cu to nh anten phn cc thng bn hnh ch nht nhng c cp tn hiu t
c 2 hng vo 2 cnh vung gc ca bn mt .
E=E
r
+E

+E

E
r
= 0

E

(r, , ) = E
0

[a
1
(2cos(ka.sin cos)) + a
3
(2cos(ka.sin sin))]
=

(, )
Vi : a =

; W - chiu rng ; h - b dy.

a
1
= -cos

;
a
3
= j sin

E
0
= E
0

(r, , ) = E
0

.[a
1
(2cos(ka.sin cos)) + a
3
(2cos(ka.sin sin))]
=

(, )
Vi :
a =

E
0
= E
0

a
1
= a
2
=cos sin

a
3
= a
4
= jcos cos

VI. Cc c tnh ca anten vi di:

u im :
- Khi lng v kch thc nh, b dy mng, d sn xut.
- C th cho phn cc tuyn tnh v phn cc trn.
- Cng ngh ch to hon ton ph hp vi cc mch tch hp cao tn.
- ng truyn cung cp v ghp ni mng anten c th c thc hin
ng thi vi vic ch to anten.
Khuyt im :
- Bng thng hp, mt s anten vi di c li thp .
- Suy hao in tr ln trn cu trc cung cp ca mng anten.
- C cc bc x tha t ng truyn v cc mi ni .
- Hiu sut nng lng c th s dng c thp .









VII. Cc thng s khc ca anten vi di:

a. nh hng:
nh hng ca anten vi di c th c tnh gn ng nh sau:

b. rng bp sng:
Sau khi tnh gn ng c th thu c rng bp sng na cng sut da vo mi
quan h gia nhng cng thc tnh trng bc x nh sau:

H
=2

E
=2

D =



c. Suy hao v h s phm cht

(2.116)
Vi:

l suy hao cng sut do tn hao ca lp in mi

l hao cng sut do dn in ca bn kim loi (suy hao do lp ng )

l cng sut bc x trong khng gian t do

l suy hao cng sut do sng b mt

Cc suy hao cng sut, tng nng lng lu tr v cng sut bc x c th c tnh nh sau:
1. Tng nng lng lu tr c xc nh bng trng di bn kim loi:

hLW (2.117)
( We , Wm ?)

2. Suy hao cng sut do tn hao ca lp in mi :

(2.118)

3. Suy hao cng sut do dn in ca bn kim loi:

(2.119)


Vi:

l in tr b mt ca bn kim loi

l dn in ca bn kim loi

4. Cng sut bc x t bn kim loi c th xc nh bng cch ly tch
phn trn na mt cu pha trn bn kim loi nh sau:

(2.120)

5. Suy hao cng sut do sng b mt:

]
(2.121)
Vi:

l hng s pha ca sng b mt T

VI I I . HI U SUT BC X
Hiu sut bc x c nh ngha l t s ca cng sut bc x

i vi cng sut ng vo

(2.122)
Cng sut ng vo bao gm c cng sut bc x v c cng sut suy hao do sng b mt, suy
hao trong bn kim loi v suy hao trong lp in mi.do ,ta c :

(2.123)
C ch bc x chnh trong anten vi di l nhng dng t xung quanh bn kim loi v sng b
mt trong tm in mi khi n tin n cnh ca lp nn,cn cc cng sut suy hao khc
tng i nh nn hiu sut bc x c th c vit li nh sau:

(2.124)

I X. BNG THNG V LI
i vi anten vi di bng thng th hin mi lin h s phm cht

v t s sng ng nh
sau:

(2.125)
VSWR =
||
| |

trong :


+ Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR (t s sng ng in p)
+ Thng thng BW c xc nh trong vng tn s m VSWR nh hn 2
(||nh hn -10dB). i vi nhng ng dng c bit VSWR nh hn 1.5 (||
nh hn -14dB).

Trong anten vi di,gi tr ca bng thng vi kch thc (W,L) v lp in mi (

) cho
trc c th c xp x nh sau[]:

=

(2.126)

Trong : 1-

l hiu sut bc x ca anten

li hng tnh ca anten c nh ngha nh sau :

(2.127)

Vi: L li hng tnh
l nh hng

l hiu sut bc x ca anten

X. PHN CC CA ANTEN MCH DI
- S phn cc sng
Phn cc ca anten cho theo hng cho c xc nh nh phn cc sng bc
x bi anten. Ch khi hng khng c ni r th phn cc c xem xt l phn
cc theo hng c li cc i. S phn cc ca sng c nh ngha l hnh nh
li bng u mt ca vect trng khi c quan st dc theo chiu truyn
sng.phn cc c th c phn loi nh phn cc tuyn tnh,trn,ellipse.nu vect m
t trng in ti mt im trong khng gian l hm ca thi gian lun lun c hng
dc theo mt ng th trng c gi l phn cc tuyn tnh.Tuy nhin, nu hnh
dng m trng in vch ra l mt ellipse th trng c gi l phn cc ellipse.Phn
cc tuyn tnh v phn cc trn l trng hp c bit ca phn cc ellipse v chng c
th t c khi ellipse tr nn mt ng thng hay mt ng trn tng ng
- Vect phn cc
Vect phn cc c cho bi :

(1-36)
Vi: =|

(1-37)
: Hm bin trng
Anten mch di c th c ch to nhn c trng bc x phn cc thng hoc
phn cc quay. Phn cc thng s nhn c khi im tip in c t vo gia mt
cnh ca ming kim loi. hnh di y minh ha hai trng hp phn cc thng c hng
trc giao nhau. Phn cc quay c th nhn c khi p dng cc bin php tip in thch
hp
ta c th to ra trng phn cc quay bng cch t hp hai sng phn cc thng vung
gc vi nhau vi gc lch pha

gia chng.ng thi ta c th to ra hai sng phn cc

thng trc giao t mt phn t anten mch di hnh vung c cc kch thc

, vi vic tip in ring r vo hai im nm trung im hai cnh k nhau ca phin

kim loi hnh vung y.nu dng in tip vo hai im ni trn c gc lch pha nhau

th ta s nhn c trng phn cc quay. Hnh sau y m t vic tip in dng mch
hybridchia cng sut v to ra gc lch pha

gia hai nhnh. V in p ca hai nhnh

c bin bng nhau nn phn cc quay nhn c l phn cc trn. Khi cp in vo cc
u khc nhau ca hybride s nhn c trng phn cc quay c hng khc nhau (quay
phi hoc quay tri).












XI. ANTEN MCH DI NHIU PHN T
Mi phn t anten mch di c th s dng nh mt anten c lp, hoc chng c th kt
hp vi nhau to thnh h anten, gi l dn anten mch di. dn anten mch di c th
c tip in ng pha nhm tng tnh nh hng cho h anten,hoc tip in vi gc
pha bin di c th qut bp sng trong khng gian,to ra h anten c x l tn hiu,
anten thng minh.
Hnh sau y cho mt v d v dn anten mch di 4 phn t, tip in ng pha nh
ng dy di. Vic tip in ng pha c m bo bi khong cch bng nhau t tip
in chung ca mi phn t.




Cc dng hnh hc ca anten vi di :


Tng trng bc x ca mng anten c xc nh bng cch ly tng cc
vect trng bc x t cc phn t anten. c c mt bc x c nh
hng cao th cc vector trng t ca cc phn t ny cn phi cng hng giao
thoa vi nhau mt hng mong mun v trit tiu ln nhau cc khng gian cn
li. Trong mt mng anten gm cc phn t ging nhau, ta c th thay i cc c
tnh bc x ca mng thng qua mt s cch iu khin sau:
Thay i cu trc hnh hc ca mng (tuyn tnh, trn, ch nht, cu).
Thay i khong cch tng i gia cc phn t.
Thay i bin tn hiu kch thch cho mi phn t.
Thay i pha tn hiu kch thch cho mi phn t.

Mng tuyn tnh N phn t, ng nht bin , ng nht khong cch
Xt N phn t ging nhau c t dc theo trc z, gi s N phn t ny c bin
tn hiu nh nhau v c lch pha lin tip gia hai phn t l . Khi mng c gi l
mng ng nht.
Trng sinh ra t mt h nhiu phn t anten :

(total)=

(single element).AF





H s sp xp trong h thng ny l :
AF =

=
[]
[
(

)
(

)
]
= kd.cos +
Khi dch chuyn im gc n gia dy:
AF = [
(

)
(

)
]
H s sp xp chun ha:
AF
n
=

[
(

)
(

)
]
Khi nh :
AF
n
=

[
(

]










Cc i xut hin ti = 0
Hm AF c chu k tun hon l 2 (360
0
)
C N -1 im null cch u nhau mt khong : 2/N (360
0
/N)
C N-2 bp sng con trong khong 0 2
Khi N tng, bin cc bp sng con tng n -13 dB


Mng broadside:
Trong nhiu ng dng chng ta cn thit k mng sao cho hng bc x
cc i ca mng vung gc vi trc ca mng (broadside, =90
0
)
Khi ti u ha vic thit k th anten phn t v h s mng nn c hng
tnh l =90. i vi anten phn t iu ny c th thc hin c bng cch
chn la th bc x ph hp, cn i vi h s mng th ta cn chn la khong
cch v cch thc cp tn hiu cho cc phn t mt cch hp l.
Bp sng chnh vung gc vi trc ca h thng (trc z)
Cc i ca AF xy ra khi :
=kd.cos + = 0
chiu cc i theo hng = 90
0
=kd.cos + |
= 90 degree
= 0














Khi d khng i, khi tng N : rng bp sng chnh gim, s bp sng ph tng.









Khi N khng i, khi tng d; rng bp sng chnh gim v s bp sng ph tng.







Khi tng d , bp sng ph c bin bng bp sng chnh xut hin.




H thng endfire:
Bp sng chnh dc theo trc ca h thng ( trc z)
chiu cc i theo hng = 0
0
=kd.cos + |
= 0 degree
= -kd (end-fire loi 1)
chiu cc i theo hng = 180
0
=kd.cos + |
= 180 degree
= kd (end-fire loi 2)





















Mng qut:







Phi hp tr khng:
Mi loi cp ngun c s phi hp tr khng khc nhau, cp ngun bng
ng truyn vi di



phi hp tr khng c th s dng k thut ng truyn mt phn
t bc sng ( /4 - quarterwave line), t lch v tr ca ng cp tn hiu so vi
im trung tm (offset feed line) hay ct su vo chiu rng ca bn kim loi mt
on (inset feed line)
V d MSA 3.9GHz
Cc thng s ban u:








CHO
XC NH
Cc bc thit k:
Bc 1:
t c bc x hiu qu, chiu rng ca patch c tnh theo cng thc:







Bc 2:
Xc nh hng s in mi hiu dng ca anten vi di theo cng thc:





Bc 3:
Tnh tng chiu di do hiu ng ph theo cng thc:






Bc 4:
Chiu di thc s ca patch:




r
= 3.3 c
h = 0.9 (mm)
0
f = 3.9GHz
0
, f , h
r
c
l
W, L, x, W?
0
0
0 0 0
1 2 2
W =
1 2 1
2
r r
v
f
f
c c
c
=
+ +
1
2
e
1 1
1 12
2 2 w
r r
h c c
c

+
(
= + +
(

( )
( )
e
e
w
+0.3 + 0.264
L h
= 0.412
w h
- 0.258 0.8
h
c
c
| |
|
A
\ .
| |
+
|
\ .


Bc 5:
Tnh ton v tr feed:
V tr t feed yo ( cp ngun theo phng php inset feed )

Phi hp tr khng vi in tr 50 Ohm, ta tnh c Yo




+ Tr khng ca ng truyn :



0 e 0 0
1
2
2
L L
f c c
= A
Chn Wo < h , ta tnh Wo theo cng thc pha trn.






Bc 6: phn ny tnh lm g ^^
Tnh W
l
:
Xc nh W
l
vi h,
e
v tr khng c tnh Z
0
ta s dng cc cng thc sau:
























Kt qu m phng











IN TRNG TRONG IN MI

1. Hin tng phn cc trong in mi
Nu xt khong cch tng tc gia cc ht mang in l rt ln so vi kch thc
phn t th mt cch tng i c th coi tc dng ca cc electron tng ng
vi tc dng ca mt in tch tng cng q ng yn ti mt v tr trung bnh no
trong phn t, gi l tm ca cc in tch m. Tng t, ta coi tc dng ca ht
nhn tng ng vi in tch dng +q t ti tm ca n
Khi phn t cht in mi ang trong trng thi khng phn cc, nu t phn t
trong in trng ngoi th tc dng ca in trng ngoi lun lm tm ca cc
in tch dng v tm ca cch in tch m lch xa nhau v bn thn phn t tr
thnh lng cc in c mmen in Pe khc khng.

Di tc dng ca in trng ngoi, cc mmen in ca cc phn t cht in
mi s xoay v nh hng theo ng sc in trng ngoi mt cch trt t .Kt
qu trong lng khi in mi cc in tch tri du ca cc lng cc phn t vn
trung ha nhau, cn hai mt gii hn xut hin cc in tch tri du. Cc in
tch ny chnh l tp hp cc in tch ca cc lng cc phn t trn cc b mt
gii hn, chng khng phi l cc in tch t do m l cc in tch lin kt.
C th vi in mi ng nht v ng hng

Khi t in mi trong in trng ngoi Eo , trong in mi s xut hin in tch
tri du tp trung cc mt gii hn. Cc in tch ny khng di chuyn c v c
tn gi l in tch lin kt. Chnh cc in tch ny lm xut hin vector in trng
ph E.
Ta c vector in trng trong in mi :

2. in trng trong cht in mi
Xt in trng u gy bi hai mt phng song song v hn tch in u, tri du
vi mt in mt v khong khng gian gia hai mt phng l mt cht
in mi, th khi in mi s b phn cc. Gi mt in tch lin kt trn cc mt
gii hn l v + . Cc in tch lin kt ny s gy ra trong lng khi in mi
mt in trng ph E cng phng, ngc chiu vi Eo. Khi , theo nguyn l
chng cht, in trng trong lng in mi l :


Ta c vector phn cc in mi Pe

Vi Xe l h s cm in v Xe >0



Vi = 1 + Xe = h s in mi ca mi trng
Do Xe 0 nn 1
Nhn xt :
Cng in trng trong lng cht in mi nh hn ln so vi
cng in trng trong chn khng.

Vt liu in mi dng trong ch to anten vi di
Khi la chn in mi thng quan tm n cc thng s : hng s in mi , suy hao tip
tuyn, nh hng ca yu t mi trng v dy lp in mi.
Thng thng hng s in mi nm trong khong 2.2 < < 12
S la chn tu thuc vo ng dng c th. Trong trng hp ng dng hot ng tn
s cao ta chn lp in mi dy, c hng s in mi nh. Vi s la chn ban u nh
vy, ta s tng hiu qu s dng ca anten, tc l anten s hot ng c trong di tn
rng, gim c suy hao nhng kch thc anten s ln.

1. Gm
+ Thnh phn chnh l alumina (Al2O3)
+ c tnh : tn hao thp, tnh cht nhit tt, n nh v kch thc cao, gi thnh
cao, khi lng nng, hng s in mi cao (9.8)
V d : dng in mi gm RO3200, c bc si thu tinh xung quanh, nhm t
c s n nh v cu trc.
2. Cht liu hu c ( organic material ) :
+ c tnh : tn hao thp (> gm ) , tnh cht nhit km ( tnh cht thay i theo nhit
) , khi lng nh, t dng ti f =60Ghz.
V d epoxy glass laminate (FR-4) , PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene)
3. in mi nhn to
+ c tnh : hng s in mi thp, suy hao thp, tnh cht nhit tt, n nh v
kch thc cao.







Suy hao ca in mi c phn nh qua hai i lng l h
s suy hao in mi v h s suy hao tip tuyn
- H s suy hao tip tuyn ( loss tangent)

Vihng s in mi c tnh bng :


tan = 0 v Trong vt liu khng tn hao th

Trong mi trng tuyn tnh, s phn cc in l tuyn tnh
theo in trng.

: cm ng t


: in mi tt dn
Vector mt dng :

: dn in




Vi l tng hiu sut dn ca vt liu.


chnh l h s suy hao tip tuyn, bao gm h s suy
hao in mi tt dn v h s suy hao dn in trong in
mi. V iu quan trng l ph thuc vo tn s ( thng
qua ).




HIU NG VIN
Do kch thc ca patchb gii hn bi chiu di v chiu rng, trng ti
g ca patchb vin. Nhn chung vin ca mt hm theo cc kch thc ca patch
v chiu cao ca lp in mi. Trong mt phang E-plane( mt phng x-y ), vin l
hm theo t s gia chiu di patch , b di lp in mi (L/h), v hng s in
mi .. Khi anten vi di c L/h 1, hiu ng vin c gim bt, tuy nhin n
phi c a vo tnh ton v n nh hng ng k n tn s cng hng ca
anten.
Nh ta bit, hu ht cc ng sc in trng trong lp in mi nn
v mt phn ca mt s ng tn ti trong khng kh. Khi L/h l , e r 1,
nhng ng sc in trng tp trung hu ht trong nn in mi. Hiu ng vin
trong trng hp ny lm cho ng truyn vi di trng c v rng v in hn
kch thc thc ca n.Khi mt vi sng i vo lp in mi nn, v mt s
khc i vo trong khng kh. Hng s in mi hiu dng s eff c s dng
hiu chnh cc nh hng ca hiu ng vin i vi sng trn ng truyn.
e a ra hng s in mi hiu dng, chng ta gi s tm dn ca ng
truyn vi di vi kch thc v chiu cao trn mt phng t nguyn thy ca n
c a vo mt lp in mi ng nht nh hnh 1.9. i vi mt ng truyn
vi khng kh trn nn, hng s in mi hiu dng c gi tr trong khong
SVTH: T Lng Phan Nguyn - Phm Duy Bnh 14
Lun vn tt nghip GVHD: ThS. Trn Thanh Ngn
i<njr<,- Trong hu ht cc ng dng m hng s in mi ln hn nhiu
so vi 1 ( s . 1) , gi tr ca hng s in mi hiu dng s gn vi gi tr hng s
in mi thc hn. Hng s in mi hiu dng cng l hm ca tn s. Khi tn s
hot ng tng, hu ht cc ng sc in trng tp trung trong nn in mi.
V vy ng truyn vi di s gn ging vi ng truyn t trong in mi ng
nht c hng s in mi hiu dng tin ti gi tr ca hng s in mi nn hn.
tn s thp, hng s in mi hiu dng l 8 c bn. Ti tn s trung
gian cc gi tr ca n bt u tng u v cui cng tin ti gi tr hng s in
mi nn. Gi tr ban u (ti tn s thp) ca hng s in mi hiu dng c
din t nh mt gi tr tnH





Hng s in mi hiu dng c cho bi cng thc :


Chiu di hiu dng, tn s cng hng v chiu rng hiu dng
Do hiu ng vin, patch ca anten vi di v mt in trng c v ln hn
kch thc vt l ca n trong mt phng x-y.
chiu di in ca patchvt qu chiu di vt l mt khong AI v
mi pha, vi AI l hm ca hng s in mi hiu dng v t s chiu rng trn
b dy in mi ( w/h). Khong chnh lch gia chiu di in v chiu di thc
ny c tnh xp x theo cng thc:
( < w + 0 - 3) ( t +0-264)
AL = 0. 412/7 - -------------------------------------------------------------------- \ h _ -- ) (1-
39)
( ^ - 0 . 2 5 8 ) ^ + 0.8j
Khi chiu di ca patch c ko di mt khong AI v mi bn, chiu di
ca patchlc ny l :
L reff L +2 AL (1-40) Gi s, mode u th l T M o o , tn s cng hng ca
anten vi di ca mode
ny l mt hm ca chiu di v c do bi cng thc:
( M 1 )
Trong , v 0 l vn tc nh sng trong khng gian t do. Nhng do hiu
ng vin tc ng n chiu di v hng s in mi hiu dng nn cng thc trn
phi c thay th bng :
) = _______!_______- ___________________
2 Lrej ^ reff ylM()() 2 (L + 2 A L)yJsrej //()()
= q , 1 , _ = 9 V (1-42)
2 LyJSr jU0s0 2 LyS'.
\Jre) 010
Vi q =
( /,) c
H s qc din t nh l h s vin (h s suy gim chiu di). Khi
chiu cao ca nn in mi tng hiu ng vin cng tng v dn n s khc bit
ln gia nhng ra bc x v cc tn s cng hng thp hn



VII - M phng
1. Mt phn t anten vi di
Bng kt qu tnh ton

Thng
s
W

L Mt Yo Gpf Lo Wo
Gi tr 1.7
7
mm
2.809 0.024
7
1.781
mm
1.44
mm
0.05
mm
0.5
mm
0.04
mm
1.255
mm
0.44
mm

Kt qu m phng
Farfield






Gain Dir Rlzd
Gain
Fo
5.736
dB
7.781
dBi
5.511
dB
59.83
GHz



2. M phng 4 phn t anten cp ngun chung bng probe ng trc



- Kch thc ca lp in mi = kch thc lp ground : (5W ; 6L ; h)
- Cp ngun bng probe ng trc.

Thng
s
Dir Gain Rlzd
Gain
Ga tr 13.73dBi 11.36dB 9.462 dB






- H thng Endfire gm 4 phn t t cch nhau d = sp xp dc trc x, cp
ngun ring bit, cc phn t lin tip lch pha nhau mt gc bng 36






Thng s Dir Gain Rlzd Gain Fo
Ga tr 13.65dBi 11.73dB 10.57dB 59.2kHz


- H thng Endfire gm 4 phn t t cch nhau d =

sp xp dc trc x, cp ngun
ring bit, cc phn t lin tip lch pha nhau mt gc bng 180






Thng s Dir Gain Rlzd Gain Fo
Ga tr 12.28dBi 10.38dB 9.115dB 59.17 kHz














- H thng Endfire gm 4 phn t t cch nhau d = sp xp dc trc x, cp
ngun ring bit, cc phn t lin tip lch pha nhau mt gc bng 252


Thng
s
Dir Gain Rlzd
Gain
S11 Fo
Ga tr 11.54dBi 9.57dB 8.202dB -13.31dB 59.16kHz




- H thng Boardside gm 4 phn t t cch nhau d = sp xp dc trc x,
cp ngun ring bit, cc phn t lin tip lch pha nhau mt gc bng 0




Thng
s
Dir Gain Rlzd
Gain
Fo
Ga tr 13.98dBi 12.06dB 10.95dB 59.2kHz









H thng Hansen- Woodyard d = lamda/2 B = - 5.pi/4






Thng
s
Dir Gain Rlzd
Gain
S11 Fo
Ga tr 11.83dBi 9.892dB 8.961dB -13dB 59.34kHz





H thng Hansen- Woodyard d = 7*lamda/10 B = - 33.pi/20



Thng
s
Dir Gain Rlzd
Gain
S11 Fo
Ga tr 12.35dBi 10.37dB 8.968dB -12.62dB 59.16kHz