50 Lesson Mina No Nihongo

Bai1
1. Ch : t bi ny tr v sau, quy c l:
* Ch Romaji khi cc bn nhn thy ch thng tc l ch vit
bng HIRAGANA, cn ch IN l vit
bng KATAKANA. V d:
<anata> : (ch thng) tc l ch ny vit bng HIRAGANA
<TEREBI> : (ch INH) tc l ch ny vit bng KATAKANA
* cc t nh <onamaewa>, <kochirawa>,<dewa>..... th y l do
ng php nn c l wa, cn khi
vit bng HIRAGANA l vit ch <ha> tc l <onamaeha>,
<kochiraha>, <deha>.....
I. T VNG
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti
<anata> : bn
<anohito> : ngi kia
<anokata> : v kia
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b ( dng cho n) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam ln n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<byouin> : bnh vin
<denki> : in
<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )
<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)
: <sai> : tui
<nansai> : my tui
<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)
<hai> : vng
<iie> : khng
<shitsurei desu ga> : xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g )
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<hajimemashite> : cho ln u gp nhau
: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
<IGIRISU> : Anh
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<TAI> : Thi Lan
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura
<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S
IMC: tn cng ty
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power
<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil
AKC: tn cng ty
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____wa], ch khng phi l [ha] trong bng ch - y
l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l [wa] lun, cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit ch [ha]
trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca ting Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:

[watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu]
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____(wa)_____(ja) / (dewa)
* Mu cu vn dng tr t (wa) nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th dng
[ja] hoc(dewa) i trc(arimasen)u c.
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.
Vd:
()
SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.
( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____(wa) _____(desu)(ka)
* y l dng cu hi vi tr t(wa) v tr t nghi vn(ka) cui cu
* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE ca ting

Anh)
Vd:

MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka
( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)
.
( anh Santose cng l nhn vin cng ty)
Mu cu 4: _____(mo) _____(desu (ka))
* y l mu cu dng tr t Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu
ka?)
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
B:
[Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo?]
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng)
A:
[iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.]
(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
CH : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c th lc
b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.
IMC
[MIRA san wa IMC no shain desu]
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)

[TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka]
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

[TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu]
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
Mu cu 5: _____ (wa)___(no)
- y l cu trc dng tr t(no) ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn.
Vd:
IMC .
IMC no shain
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC
Nihongo no hon
(Sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 6: _____(wa)(nansai)(oikutsu)(desu ka)
_____ (wa)(sai)(desu)
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)(nansai)(oikutsu) dng
hi tui
- (nansai) Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
(oikutsu) Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
Vd:

Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?
(B Taro my tui vy ?)

Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.
(B Taro 9 tui)

Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?
(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)

Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)
S m:
(ichi)
(ni)
(san)
(yon) ((shi)
[go] (roku)
(nana) ((shichi)
(hachi)
(kyuu)
(juu)
(juuichi)
(juuni)
(nijuu)
(nijuuichi)
(nijuuni)
-------------------------------------- (issai) 1 tui
(nijuu issai) 21 tui
(hatachi) 20 tui
Mu cu 7:
a. _____(wa)(san(sama))(desu ka)
b. _____ (wa) (dare)(donata)(desu ka)
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t(dare)(donata)
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l(dare), khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
(donata).
Vd:
a.
ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
ano hito wa dare desu ka
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)

ano kata wa donata desu ka
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch san hoc (sama) ( c ngha l
ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh trc
ngi
khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch (san) hoc (sama) ( khi gii thiu
ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:
___A___
___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.
- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?) + A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ngi
Vit Nam)
Mu cu 9:
___A__ ___1_____2__
___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
Vd:
- A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)
+ A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s
Mu cu 10:
___A__ _____
___A
- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic
- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cun sch ny l sch g?)
+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
+ Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:
A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn l
g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
Mu cu 13:

- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni chn
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
Vd:
- Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu ca bn u?)
+ watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
-
Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
+
Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:
A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn l
g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
Bi 2
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 03:24:35
T VNG
<kore> y
<sore>
<are> kia
<kono> ~ny
<sono> ~
<ano> ~kia
<hon> Sch
<jisho> T in
<zasshi> tp ch
<shimbun> bo
<NOTO> tp
<techou> s tay
<meishi> danh thip
<KA-DO> card
<TELEHONKA-DO> card in thoi
<embitsu> vit ch
<PO-RUPEN> Vit bi
<SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit ch bm
<kagi> ch kho
<tokei> ng h
<kasa> Ci d
<kaban> ci cp
<KASETTO TE-PU> bng ( casset)
<TE-PUREKO-DA->my casset
<TEREBI>ci TV
<RAZIO> ci radio
<KAMERA> ci my chp hnh
<KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
<jidousha> xe hi
<tsukue> ci bn
<isu> ci gh
<CHOKORE-TO> ko scla
<KO-HI-> c ph
: <eigo> ting Anh
: <nihongo> ting Nht
: <~go> ting ~
: <nan> ci g
: <dou> th no
: <chigaimasu> khng phI, sai ri
: <sodesuka> th ?
: <anou> .. ( ngp ngng khi ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn )
<honnokimochidesu> y l cht lng thnh

: <douzo> xin mi
: <doumo> cm n
: <doumo arigatou gozaimasu> Xin chn thnh cm n
: <korekara osewa ninarimasu> T nay mong c gip
<kochirakoso yoroshiku> chnh ti mi l ngi mong c gip .
NG PHP - MU CU
_____<_____wa nanno~ desuka>
- ngha: _____ l ci g?
- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin tng. Ta cng c th
dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t hI <nan> bng t hi <dare> m sau ny chng ta s hc
ti!
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
(y l sch g?)
+ kore wa Nihongo no hon desu.
(y l sch ting Nht)
_____<_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l th my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g .
- V d:
a. Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.
Hm nay l th my?
+Kyou wa kayoubi desu.
Hm nay l th ba
b. KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.
NOEL l th my?
+ Tanyoubi wa suiyoubi desu.
NOEL ngy th by.
_____<_____wa nannichi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l ngy my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g .
- V d:
Tanyoubi wa nannichi desuka?
Sinh nht ngy my?
+ Tanyoubi wa 17(jyu nana) nichi desu.
Sinh nht ngy 17.
<kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>
<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?
- Cch dng:
a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi vt xa ngi tr li

b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni chuyn vi mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore>
c. Vi <are> dng hi vt khng gn ai c nn tr li vn l <are>
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
y l sch g?
+ Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.
l sch Kanji
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!
- V d:

Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?
cun tp ch l tp ch g?
+ kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.
cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.
Lu :Cc bn s thy sau kono, sono, ano lun c danh t i theo sau:
VD: kono kaban(ci cp ny), sono hon(cun sch ), ano jisho(cun t in kia)
Bi 3
T VNG
koko
soko
asoko
doko
kochira
sochira
achira
dochira
kyoshitsu
shokudo
jimusho
kaigishitsu
uketsuke
ROBIheya
TOIRE (ote arai)
kaidan
EREBE-TAESUKARE-TA(o) kuni
kaisha
uchi
denwa
kutsu
NEKUTAI
WAIN
tabako
uriba
chika
ikkai
nangai
~en
y

kia
(nghi vn t) u
( knh ng) y
(//)
(//) kia
(//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no
phng hc
nh n
vn phng
phng hp
quy tip tn
i snh(LOBBY)
cn phng
Toilet
cu thang
thang my
thang cun
quc gia ( nc)
cng ty
nh
in thoi
i giy
Cravat ( neck tie)
ru ty (wine)
thuc l
ca hng
tng hm
tng 1
(nghi vn t) tng my
~ yn ( tin t Nht bn)
ikura
(nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c)
hyaku
trm
sen
ngn
man
vn ( 10 ngn)
sumimasen
xin li
(~o) misete kudasai < xin cho xem ~/td>
ja (~o) kudasai
vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~
shin oosaka
tn a danh Nht
ITARIA
SUISU
Thy S
NG PHP - MU CU
Dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no
<koko>
_____ <soko wa _____ desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- VD:

<Koko wa uketsuke desu.> (y l bn tip tn)
dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng c dng ch cho ai mt
ni no hoc ngi no .
<koko>
_____ <_____ wa soko desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
- VD:
a. Anh Satou
<Satou san wa soko desu.>

b. Nh n kia
<Shokudou wa ashoko desu.>

dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang u. Chng ta c th kt hp cu hi ny
cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn.
______<_____wa doko desuka.>
ngha: _____ u?
VD:
a.
<koko wa doko desuka?>(y l u?)
b.
<ROBI- wa doko desuka>(i snh u?)

c. SANTOSE
<SANTOSE san wa doko desuka?>( Anh SANTOSE u?)
SANTOSE
+ SANTOSEsan wa kaigi jitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)
Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng th hn s lch thip, cung
knh i vi ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln lt l (Hng ny//kia)
<kochira>
_____ <_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>
ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)
VD:
Phng hp ng kia
<Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu.>

y l ngi Take Yama
<Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu.>

y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng.
_____<_____ wa dochira desuka?>
ngha:
_____ u? ( nu dng cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)
VD:
i snh hng no ?
<ROBI- wa dochira desuka?>
Ngi Take Yama l v no ?
<Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka>

y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr lI, ta c th thay i ch ng ( l
mn thnh cc t nh <kore> <sore> v <are> a ra ng trc tr t WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau
tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci t i cho cu ngn gn.
______<_____ wa doko no desuka?>
______ <_____wa ~ no desu>
ngha:
_____ ca nc no vy?
______ l ca nc ~
VD:
<kono tokei wa doko no desuka>(ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)
<sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu.>( l ng h Thu S)

y l cu hi a im ca mt ni no tng th my.
_____< _____ wa nangai desuka?>
_____ <______wa ~kai desu>
ngha:
______ tng my?
______ tng ~.
VD:
<RESUTORAN wa nangai desuka>( nh hng tng my?)
<RESUTORAN wa gokai desu.>( nh hng tng nm)

Phn ph
nangai Tng my
ikkai tng 1
nikai tng 2
sangai tng 3
yonkai tng 4
gokai tng 5
rokkai tng 6
nanakai tng 7
hakkai tng 8
kyuukai tng 9
jyuukai tng 10
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao hn ( v d: tng 11 :
jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)
Dng hi gi mt mn .
_____( _____ wa ikura desuka?)
______ (_____wa ~ desu)
ngha:
______ gi bao nhiu?
_____ gi ~
VD:
<kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka>( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)

150
<sore wa hyaku go jyuu en desu.>( ci gi 150 yn)
Bi 4
I-T VNG
<okimasu> : thc dy
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vic
<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha
<ginkou> : ngn hng
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
< <toshokan> : th vin
<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<nanban> : s my
<ima> : by gi
<ji> : ~gi
<fun> <pun> : pht
<han> : phn na
<nanji> : my gi
<nanpun> : my pht
<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)
<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)
<asa> : sng
<hiru> : tra
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti
<ototoi> : ngy hm kia
<kinou> : ngy hm qua
<kyou> : hm nay
<ashita> : ngy mai
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<kesa> : sng nay
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)
<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra
<maiasa> : mi sng
<maiban> : mi ti
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<RONDON> Lun n
<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<bangouannai> : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi)
<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l
<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n
<kashikomarimashita> : hiu ri
II-MU CU - NG PHP
ng T
ng t chia lm 3 lai :
- ng t qu kh
- ng t hin ti
- ng t tng lai
a) ng t hin ti - tng lai
C ui l ch masu
V d :
watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )
watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : ashita(ngy mai)... th ng t trong cu l tng lai
V d :
ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

( Ch e cu trn vit l he nhng c l e v y l ng php )
b) ng t qu kh
C ui l ch mashita
V d :
nemashita ( ng)
tabemashita ( n)
Hin ti sang qu kh : masu - mashita( b ch su thm ch shita vo )
Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :
a)he (c l e): Ch dng cho 3 ng t
- ikimasu: i
- kimasu: n
- kaerimasu: tr v
b) o: Dng cho cc tha ng t
c) ni: dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh
- nemasu : ng
- okimasu : thc dy
- yasumimasu : ngh ngi

- owarimasu : kt thc
c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
V d :
watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )
watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )
Bi 5
T VNG
<ikimasu> : i
<kimasu> : n
<kaerimasu> : tr v
<gakkou> : trng hc
<SU-PA-> : siu th
<eki> : nh ga
<hikouki> : my bay
<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in
<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm
<shinkansen> : tu cao tc
<BASU> : xe but
<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi
<jidensha> : xe p
<aruite> <(ikimasu)> : i b
<hito> : ngi
<tomodachi> : bn
<kare> : anh y
<kanojo> : c y
<kazoku> : gia nh
<hitoride> : mt mnh
<senshuu> : tun truc
<konshuu> : tun ny
<raishuu> : tun ti
<sengetsu> : thng trc
<kongetsu> : thng ny
<raigetsu> : thng ti
<kyonen> : nm ri
<kotoshi> : nm nay
<rainen> : nm ti
<~gatsu> : thng ~
<nangatsu> : thng my
<ichinichi> : mt ngy
<nannichi> : ngy my
<itsu> : khi no
<tanjoubi> : sinh nht
<futsu> : thng thng
<kyuukou> : tc hnh
<totsukyuu> : ha tc
<tsugino> : k tip
<arigatou gozaimashita> : cm n
<dou itashimashite> : khng c chi
<~bansen> : tuyn th ~
NG PHP - MU CU
Mu Cu 1
Cu trc :
__
<__wa nani o shimasuka>
V d :
<anata wa nani o shimasuka>
(Bn ang lm g ?)
<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

(Ti ang vit th)
Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g
Mu Cu 2
Cu trc :
__
<__wa dare to nani o shimasuka>
V d : A
(A ang lm g vi bn vy)
A
(A ang chi banh vi bn)
Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no ang lm g vi ai
Mu Cu 3
Cu trc :
__
<__wa doko de nani o shimasu ka>
V d : B
(B ang lm g cng vin vy ?)

B
(B ang chi tenis cng vin)
Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no ang lm g mt ni no .
Mu Cu 4
Cu trc :
__
<__dare to nan de doko e ikimasu>
V d :
<watashi wa koibito to densha de kouen e ikimasu>
(Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng vin) (^_^)
Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no cng vi ai, i n u bng phng tin g.
Mu Cu 5
Cu trc :
__
<__ wa nani o doushi ka>
V d :
<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>
(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)
<hai, mimashita>
(C)
<iie, mimasendeshita>
(Khng)
Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g .
D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v ng t.
Ghi ch :
<dare> : ai
<doko> : u
<nani> : ci g (dng cho danh t)
<nan> : ci g (dng cho ng t)
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
Ph ch :
Cc th trong ng t :
a) Th khng nh
ui ca ng t l <masu>
V d : <ikimasu>
<kaerimasu>
b) Th ph nh
ui ca ng t l <masen>
V d : <ikimasen>
<kaerimasen>
c) Th nghi vn
Thm t <ka> vo sau ng t
V d : <mimasuka> : C xem khng ?
d) Th khng nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <mashita>
V d : <mimashita> : xem ri
e) Th ph nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>
V d : <mimasendeshita> : khng xem
f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh
Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti
V d : <mimashitaka> : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?)
Ch : trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng <desu> cui cu, <desu> ch
dng cho danh t.
Bi 6
T VNG
<tabemasu> : n
<nomimasu> : ung
<suimasu> : ht
<tabako o suimasu> : ht thuc
<mimasu> : xem
<kikimasu> : nghe
<yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<kaimasu> : mua
<torimasu> : chp
<shashin o torimasu> : chp hnh
<shimasu> : lm, chi
<aimasu> : gp
<tomodachi ni aimasu> : gp bn
<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<PAN> : bnh m
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
<gyuunyuu> : sa
<MIRUKU> : sa
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<BI-RU> : bia
<(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<TENISU> : tenis
CD <CD> : a CD
<BIDEO> : bng video
<nani> : ci g
<sorekara> : sau
<chotto> : mt cht
<mise> : tim, qun
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<tegami> : th
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<tokidoki> : thnh thong
<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng
<ishshoni> : cng nhau
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<ee> : vng
<kouen> : cng vin
<nandesuka> : ci g vy ?
<(o)hanami> : vic ngm hoa
<oosakajoukouen> : tn cng vin
<wakarimashita> : hiu ri
<ja, mata> : hn gp li
NG PHP - MU CU
1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )
Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn.
Cu trc :
(thi gian)+ Ch ng + <wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>, <doko> + <o>, <e> + ng t
V d :
<watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu>
( Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng )
Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.

V d : Phan nh Phng
<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh Phng KURAZU de SAKKA- o shimasu>
(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng)
2/ Ng Php : ishshoni> (Cng nhau)
Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh.
Cu trc :
Cu hi : (thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <ishshoni> + ni chn + <de> + <nani>;
<doko> + <o>; <e>; <ni> + ng t + <masen ka>
Cu tr li :
ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>
Khng ng : V + <masen> (....<chotto....>
V d :
<ashita watashi wa ishshoni RESUTORAN de hirugohan o tabemasen ka>
(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh?)
ng :
<ee, tabamashou><Vng, c thi>
Khng ng : ...)
<tabemasen, (chotto....)>
[Khng c (v g ....)]
Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
Bi 7
I-T VNG
<kirimasu> : ct
<okurimasu> : gi
<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu> :dy
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> :gi in
<[denwa o kakemasu]> : gi in thoi
<te> : tay
<hashi> : a
<SUPU-N> : mung
<NAIFU> : dao
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<FAKUSU> <(FAKKUSU)> : my fax
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy
<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo
<keshiGOMU> : cc gm
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<hana> : hoa (ci mi)
<SHATSU> : o s mi
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
<chichi> : cha ti
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
<mou> : ri
<mada> : cha
<korekara> : t by gi
<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh
<gomenkudasai> : xin li c ai nh khng ?
<irashshai> : anh (ch) n chi
<douzo oagari kudasai>: xin mi anh (ch) vo nh
<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin
<(wa) ikagadesuka> : c c khng ?
<itadakimasu> : cho ti nhn
<ryokou> : du lch
<omiyage> : qu c sn
<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u
Lu : t <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l a, ngha cn li l cy cu. phn bit nu ngha l a th
c xung ging (ging nh hch x vy ), cn ci kia th c ln ging. Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha
l tc v giy, nhng mnh khng bit cch phn bit, chc da vo ngha ca cu. T <hana> th cng
tng t nh <hashi> ngha l ln ging l hoa, cn xung ging th l ci mi
II-NG PHP - MU CU
Mu cu 1:
Cu trc: <dougu> + <de> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmasu>
Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .
V d:
<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng c )]
<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ?) (V duyn qu)
<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

(Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a.)
Mu cu 2:
Cu trc: <wa> + <kongo>+ <de> + <nan desuka>
Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g.
V d:
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>
(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de sayounara desu>
(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)
Mu cu 3:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <agemasu>
Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g
V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

(Ti tng qu cho bn)
Mu cu 4:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <moraimasu>
Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai .
V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)
Mu cu 5:
Cu trc:
+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
+Tr li:
V
<hai, mou Vmashita>
<iie, mada desu>

Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha
V d:
<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
<hai, mou tabemashita>
(Vng, ti n ri)
<iie, mada desu>

(Khng, ti cha n)
Lu :
+S khc nhau gia hai ng t <benkyoushimasu> v<naraimasu> u
c ngha l hc. Nhng <benkyoushimasu> ngha l t hc, cn <naraimasu>
th c ngha l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.
+C th thm vo cc yu t hc nh u, dp g...... cho cu thm sng ng. V vi ng t
<kashimasu>: cho mn; <karimasu>: mn, <oshiemasu> : dy v
<naraimasu> : hc th cc mu cu cng tng t nh vy.
+Nu cu ting Vit ca mnh v d l :
"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi bn vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn mn qu t bn ti" ch khng
th vit l "Bn ti cho ti mn qu" v i vi ngi Nht th l iu bt lch s. i vi ngi Nht th h
lun ni l h nhn ch khng bao gi ni l ngi khc cho mnh.
+() <dougu> : dng c
<kongo> : ngn ng
Bi 8
Saturday, 6. March 2010, 08:37:19
I-T vng
+ Tnh t :
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
HANSAMU
kirei (na)
genki (na)
shizuka(na)
nigiyaka
yuumei(na)
shinsetsu(na)
hima(na)
isogashii
benri (na)
suteki (na)
ookii
chiisai
atarashii
furui
ii
p trai
(cnh) p, p (gi), sch
khe
yn tnh
nhn nhp
ni ting
t t
rnh ri
bn rn
tin li
tuyt vi
to ln
nh
mi
c
tt
+ Mu sc :
()
warui
atsui
tsumetai
atsui
samui
muzukashii
yasashii
kibishii
yasashii
takai
yasui
hikui
takai
omoshiroi
tsumaranai
oishii
mazui
tanoshii
xu
(tr) nng
(nc ) lnh
(tri) nng
(tri) lnh
(bi tp) kh
(bi tp) d
nghim khc
du dng, hin t
t
r
thp
cao
th v
chn
ngon
d
vui v
shiroi
trng
kuroi
en
akai
aoi
xanh
sakura
hoa anh o
yama
ni
seikatsu
cuc sng
(o)shigoto
cng vic
donna
no
dore
ci no
sorosoro, shitsurei shimasu n lc ti phi v
mata irasshatte kudasai
ln sau li n chi nh.
II-Ng php
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht. Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t (i)
+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t (na)
1. Tnh t (na)
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t + <desu>
- V d:
+ <Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.> (Bo th t t )
+ <kono heya wa kirei desu.>(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t + <ja arimasen>

- V d:
+ <kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>
(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t + <deshita>
- V d:
+ A (A th khe.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t + <ja arimasen deshita>
- V d:
+ A (A th khng khe.)
2. Tnh t
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t + <desu>
- V d:
+ <kono tokei wa atarashii desu>(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
+ <watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>
(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <kunai> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa takakunai desu>(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t<takai> b (i) thm <kunai> thnh <taka kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <katta> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashikatta desu>(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii> b (i) thm <katta> thnh <isogashi
katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <kunakatta> + vn c
<desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa isogashi kunakatta desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii> b (i) thm <kuna katta> thnh
<isogashi kuna katta>
Lu : i vi tnh t (i) khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l <isogashii>
Ch : Tnh t c bit (ii) ngha l tt.
- V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
<yokunai desu>: ph nh trong hin ti
<yokatta desu>: khng nh qu kh
<yokunakatta desu>: ph nh qu kh
3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>

a. <amari>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph nh ca tnh t, c ngha
l khng...lm.
- V d:
+Tnh t (na)
A
<Asan wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>
(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)
+ Tnh t (i)

<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>
(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm.)
b. <totemo>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th khng nh ca tnh t c
ngha l rt.....
- V d:
+ Tnh t (na)

<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>
<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>
+ Tnh t (i)

<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>
<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu :
a. Mu cu 1: ____ + <dou> + ?
- Cch dng: Dng hi mt vthay mt ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh cht nh th no.
- V d:
? <fujisan wa dou desu ka>
<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>
<fujisan wa takai desu>
<Ni Ph S th cao.)
b. Mu cu 2: ___ + <donna> + danh t + ?
- Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay mt quc gia no , hay ai c tnh cht nh th no. (tng t
nh mu cu trn nhng nhn mnh hn)
- V d:
+ A ?
<Asan wa donna hito desu ka>
(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
A
<Asan wa shinsetsu na hito desu>
(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)
+ ?
<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>
(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)

<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>
(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
c. Mu cu 3: <hito> + <no> + <mono> + + <dore> + ?
- Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng vt th ci no l ca ngi .
- V d:
+A ?
<Asan no kaban wa dore desu ka>
<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>
+.......
<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>
<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>
d. Mu cu 4: ___ + Adj 1 + + <soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>
- Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ; p vi sch; ...) vi nhau, c
ngha l khng nhng... m cn....
- V d:
+
<HO CHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>
<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na.>
e. Mu cu 5: ___ + Adj1 + + <ga> + Adj2 +
- Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t m mt bn l khen v mt no
, cn bn kia th ch mt no (r nhng d ; p trai nhng xu bng........).
- V d:
+ B
<Bsan wa HANSAMU desu ga, warui desu>
<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>
+
<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>
<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m ngon.>
BI 9
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:37:21
I T VNG
<wakarimasu> : hiu
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<hetana> : ......d
<ryouri> : vic nu nng thc n
<nomimono> : thc ung
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<yakyuu> : d cu
<DANSU> : khiu v
<ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
<JAZU> : nhc jazz
<KONSA-TO> : bui ha nhc
<KARAOKE> : karaoke
<kabuki> : nhc kabuki ca Nht
<e> : tranh
<ji> : ch
<kanji> : ch Hn
<hiragana> : Ch Hiragana
<katakana> : ch Katakana
<RO-MAji> : ch romaji
<komakaiokane> : tin l
<CHIKETTO> : v
<jikan> : thi gian
<youji> : vic ring
<yakusoku> : hn
<goshujin> : chng (ca ngi khc)
/ <otto / shujin> : chng (ca mnh)
<okusan> : v (ca ngi khc)
/ <tsuma / kanai> : v (ca mnh)
<kodomo> : tr con
( <yoku (wakarimasu)> : (hiu) r
<daigaku> : i hc
<takusan> : nhiu
<sukoshi> : mt cht
<zenzen~nai> : hon ton~khng
<daitai> : i khi
() <hayaku (kaerimasu)> : (v) sm
<hayaku> : nhanh
<~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao
<zannen desu ne> : ng tic tht
<moshimoshi> : alo
<ishshoni~ikaga desu ka> cng...c c khng?
() ..... <(~wa) chotto......> : th...(ng khng c)
<dame desu ka> : khng c phi khng ?
<matakondo onegaishimasu> : hn k sau
II NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng php - Mu cu 1:
Ng php:
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ + +
<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?
V d:
Lan
<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>
(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)

<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
Quc
<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>
(Quc c xe p khng?)

<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
*Ng php - Mu cu 2:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hiu vn g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no khng ?
V d:
Bo
<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>
(Vng, ti hiu cht cht>
Quc
<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>
(Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu)
*Ng php - Mu cu 3:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t +<ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?
V d:
Long
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
A
(A c thch karaoke khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm)
Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht, nu cc bn ch hi
khng thch th nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l <suki ja arimasen> cng vi
<amari> gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu ght th .
*Ng php - Mu cu 4:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gii v ci g khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g khng ?
V d:
B
(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)
B
<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
A
(A c gii th thao khng ?)
A
<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>
(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)
Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch lng ngi khc
y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu> cng vi <amari> l
<amari jouzu ja arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.
*Ng php - Mu cu 5:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
V d:
A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng n trng?>
A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)
*Ng php - Mu cu 6:
V l do g nn lm ci g .
,~+ danh t + V
<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>
V d:

<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>
(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>

<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)

<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>
(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)

<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua xe hi)
*Ng php - Mu cu 7:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai c gii/thch v mt
loi ca mt lnh vc no .
V d:
A /
(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)
/
<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>
(Ti thch/gii bng )
Bi 10
T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<iroirona> : nhiu loi
<otoko no hito> : ngi n ng, con trai
<onna no hito> : ngi ph n, con gi
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<ki> : cy
<mono> : vt
() <FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cun phim
<denchi> : cc pin
<hako> : ci hp
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in
<reizouko> : t lnh
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
<mado> : ca s
<POSUTO> : thng th
<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng
<kouen> : cng vin
<kissaten> : qun nc
<honya> : tim sch
<ya> : hiu, sch
<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu
<ken> : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN)
<ue> : trn
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc
<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
<tonari> : bn cnh
<chikaku> : ch gn y
<tono aida> : giav
() <ya(nado)> : chng hnhay (hoc)
<ichiban> : nht
<danme> : ngn th
() <(doumo) sumimasen> : xin li
: pha trong
<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t
<SUPAISUKO-NA-> : quy gia v
NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:
Ng Php:
Noun + +
Noun + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g
Mu Cu:

<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?
V d:

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 2:
Ng Php:
Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?
/ + + /
<dare / nani> + <ka> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka>
i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l:
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
hoc l:
/
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
Ch :
Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t <ga> v <ka> i vi ng t <imasu> v <arimasu>
Cu hi c tr t <ga> l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu khng c th phi tr li l:
/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>
V d:
Tr t <ga>

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b)
hoc l:

<kouen ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong cng vin khng c ai c)
Tr t <ka>
/ /
<kissaten ni dare / nani ka imasu ka / arimasu ka>
(Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ?)
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
(Khng c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:
Ng Php:
<shita (bn di)> <ue ( trn)>
<mae (ng trc)><ushiro (ng sau>
<migi (bn phi)><hidari (bn tri)>
<naka (bn trong)><soto (bn ngoi)>
<tonari (bn cnh)> <chikaku (ch gn y)>
<aida ( gia)>
Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr
+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka> : u c ai
hay vt g, con g
V d:

<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)

<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>

(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)

<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:
Ng Php:
Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + + t ch v tr + /
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
V d:

<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)

<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>
(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)
Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t <arimasu> v <imasu>
khng cn tr t <ga>
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 5:
Ng Php:
()<ya(nado)> : Chng hn nh....
V d:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
Cch 1:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to enpitsu to kaban to jisho ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, cp, t in.)
Cch 2:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon nado ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch...)
Nh vy cch dng ()<ya(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng cn phi lit k ht ra.
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 6:
Ng Php:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + +
/
Danh t 1 + <wa> + Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
Hoc:
Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + +
/
Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + Danh t 3 + <ga> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
V d:

<kissaten wa honya to hanaya no aida ni arimasu>
(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)
Hoc:

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga arimasu>
( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc
BI 11
Wednesday, 3. December 2008, 09:03:11
I T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)
[] [nihon ni imasu] : Nht Bn
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
<yasumimasu> :ngh ngi
<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)
<futatsu> : 2 ci
<mittsu> : 3 ci
<yottsu> : 4 ci
<itsutsu> : 5 ci
<muttsu> : 6 ci
<nanatsu> : 7 ci
<yattsu> : 8 ci
<kokonotsu> : 9 ci
<too> : 10 ci
<ikutsu> : bao nhiu ci
<hitori> : 1 ngi
<futari> : 2 ngi
<nin> : ngi
<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)
<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh o, giy...)
<kai> : ln, tng lu
<ringo> : qu to
<mikan> : qut
<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich
() <KARE (RAISU)> : (cm) c ri
<AISUKURI MU> : kem
<kitte> : tem
<hagaki> : bu thip
<fuutou> : phong b
<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<EAME RU> : (gi bng) ng hng khng
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<ryoushin> : b m
<kyoudai> : anh em
<ani> : anh trai (ti)
<oniisan> : anh trai (bn)
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<otouto> : em trai (ti)
<otoutosan> : em trai (bn)
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)
<gaikoku> : nc ngoi
<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<shuukan> : tun
<kagetsu> : thng
<nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<donokurai> : bao lu
<zenbude> : tt c, ton b
<minna> : mi ngi
<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch
() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> : tri p qu nh !
<odekake desu ka> : i ra ngoi y h ?
<chotto made> : nmt cht
<itteirashshai> : (anh) i nh (lch s hn)
<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh
<itte mairimasu> : (ti) i y (lch s hn)
<itte kimasu> : (ti) i y
<sorekara> : sau
<O SUTORARIA> : nc c
II NG PHP - MU CU
Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
y l phn m trong ting Nht, xin cc bn xem bi cc b m c bn trong ting Nht box Ting Nht s
cp
http://jap4viet.com/forum/portal.php?module=2&a=v&tid=172
Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:
* Ng Php:
V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu
* V d:

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:
* Ng Php:
Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>
* V d:
<kami wo ni mai kudasai>
(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:
* Ng Php:
Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t<ni>
* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
* V d:

<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 5:
* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .
* Mu Cu:
<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>
danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu / imasu>
* V d:
Long
<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyoushi mashita ka>
(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)

< san nen benkyoushi mashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)

<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)
Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn ng sau tr t.
* V d:

<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai
arimasu ka>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
A
(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
BI 12
Quy c :
Mu hng : tr t,
Mu xanh dng : tnh t (i), t c trng cho ng php
Mu : tnh t <na>
I T VNG
<kantana> : n gin
<chikai> : gn
<tooi> : xa
<hayai> : nhanh, sm
<osoi> : chm, tr
<ooi> : nhiu
< hito ga ooi > : nhiu ngi
<sukunai> : t
< hito ga sukunai > : t ngi
<atatakai> : (kh hu) m p

<atatakai> : (canh,cm,nc...) m
<suzushii> : mt m
<amai> : ngt
<karai> : cay
<omoi> : nng
<karui> : nh
<ii> : tt, c
< KO-HI- gaii > : c ph cng c
<kisetsu> : cc ma trong nm
<haru> : ma xun
<natsu> : ma h, ma h
<aki> : ma thu
<fuyu> : ma ng
<tenki> : thi tit
<ame> : ma
<yuki> : tuyt
<kumori> : my
<HOTERU> : khch sn
<kuukou> : sn bay
<umi> : bin
<sekai> : th gii
<PA-TI-> : ba tic
() <(o) matsuri> : l hi
<shiken> : k thi
<sukiyaki> : mn sukiyaki ca Nht
<sashimi> : mn sashimi
() < (o) sushi> : mn sushi
<tenpura> : mn tempura
<ikebana> : ngh thut cm hoa
<momiji> : l
<dochira> : ng no
<dochiramo> : ng no cng
<zutto> : hn hn, hn nhiu
<hajimete> : ln u tin
<HONKON> : Hng Kng
<SHINGAPO-RU> : Singapore
<tadaima> : ti v y
<okaerinasai> : anh v y (ngi nh ni)
<sugoi desu ne> : nhiu d vy
<demo> : nhng m
<tsukare mashita> : mt
<gionmatsuri> : l hi cu c ma
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
Gii thiu v cch s dng Tnh t (i), Tnh t <na>
( Xin xem li BI 8 )
* Ng php 2:
C php ca cu so snh hn:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <wa> + Noun 2 + <yori> + Adj + <desu>
* V d:

<BETONAMU ryouri wa nihon ryouri yori yasui desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n Nht Bn)

<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii desu>
(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)
* Ng php 3:
C php ca cu hi so snh:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <to> + Noun 2 + <to> + <dochira> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>
C php ca cu tr li:
Noun + + + + Adj +
Noun + <no> + <hou> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>
* V d:
A B
(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)
A
(Anh A p trai hn)
* Ng php 4:
C php ca cu so snh nht:
<doko>
<itsu>
<dare>
Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Adj + <desu ka>
<dore>
<.......>
* V d:

<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)

<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)

<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
BI 13
I T VNG
<asobi masu>: chi,
i chi
<oyogi masu> : bi
<mukae masu> : n
<tsukare masu> : mt
<dashi masu> : gi, cho ra
<tegami wo dashi masu> : gi th
<hairimasu> : i vo
<kissaten ni hairimasu> : i vo qun nc
<de masu> : i ra
<kissaten wo de masu> : i ra khi qun nc
<kekkonshi masu> : kt hn
<kaimonoshi masu> : mua sm
<shokujishi masu> : dng ba
<sanposhi masu> : i do
<kouen wo sanposhi masu> : i do trong cng vin
<taihenna> : rt, lm, qu
<hoshii> : mun (ci g)
/ <sabishii / samishii> : bun
<hiroi> : rng
<semai> : hp, cht
<shiyakusho> : y Ban Nhn Dn
<PU-RU> : h bi
<kawa> : sng
<keizai> : kinh t
<bijutsu> : m thut
<tsuri> : cu, vic cu c

<SUKI > : trt tuyt
<kaigi> : hi ngh, cuc hp
<touroku> : s ng k h tch
<shuumatsu> : cui tun
<goro> : khong
<nanika> : ci g
<dokoka> : ni no
<onaka ga suki mashita> : i bng ri
<onaka ga ippai desu> : no ri
<nodo ga kawa ki mashita> : kht nc
<sou desu ne> : nh (ng vi kin ca ngi ta)
<sou shimashou> : nh (lm nh vy i)
<ROSHIA> : nc CHLB Nga
<tsuruya> : tn ca tim
<ohayou TEREBI> : tn chng trnh
<gochuumonwa?> : qu khch gi g ?
<teishoku> : mt phn n, cm phn
<gyuudon> : tn mn n
<shou shou xin ch mt cht (knh ng)
`<omachi kudasai>:
<betsu betsu ni> : ring bit (khi tnh tin)
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .
V d:

<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
* Ng php 2
+ (, ) + V + + ()
<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>
ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>
<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe tai> : mun n
<ne masu> --------------> <ne> ---------------> <ne tai> : mun ng
Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .

V d:

<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka>
(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)

<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu>
(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)
A
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)

(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)
Ch : Khi m cu hi l <hoshii> th cu tr li phi l <hoshii>. Cn cu hi l <tai> th
cu tr li cng phi l <tai>
* Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t <hoshii> v V <tai> (y l ng t nhng ph nh nh tnh t)
- V y l tnh t nn ph nh ca n s l:
b thm <kunai>
<hoshii> ---------> <hoshi> ------------------> <hoshi kunai> (khng mun)
V <tai> ---------> V <ta> ------------------> V <takunai> (khng mun lm)
V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu>
(Ti khng mun c bn.) (C n)

<watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu>
(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)
* Ng php 3
Noun (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu>+ <ni> + <iki masu> / <ki masu> /
<kaeri masu>
Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i n u lm g .
V d:
* ng t

<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>
(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)
* Danh t

<ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni iki masu>
(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)
BI 14
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:00:12
Quy c:mu l ng t nhm I, tr t
mu xanh dng l ng t nhm II
mu hng l ng t nhm III
I T VNG
<tsuke masu> : bt (n, tivi)
denki wo tsuke masu : bt n
<keshi masu> : tt (n, tivi)
denki wo keshi masu : tt n
<ake masu> : m
DOA wo ake masu : m ca
<shime masu> : ng
DOA wo shime masu : ng ca
<isogi masu> : vi vng, gp gp
<machi masu> : ch i
tomodachi wo machi masu : i bn
<tome masu> : dng (xe, my), u (xe)
<magari masu> : quo
migi e magari masu : quo phi
<mochi masu> : cm, mang, c
<tori masu> : ly
<tetsudai masu> : gip
<yobi masu> : gi
TAKUSHI wo yobi masu : gi Taxi
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn, k
<mise masu> : cho xem
<oshie masu> : dy, cho bit, ch bo
juusho wo oshie masu : cho bit a ch
<hajime masu> : bt u
jugyou wo hajime masu : bt u gi hc
<furi masu> : ri (ma, tuyt)
ame ga furi masu : ma ri
<KOPI shi masu> : copy
<EAKON> : my iu ha khng kh
<PASUPO TO> : h chiu
<juusho> : a ch
<chizu> : bn
<shio> : mui
<satou> : ng
<yomikata> : cch c
<kata> : cch
<yukkuri> : chm ri, thong th, t t
<sugu> : ngay lp tc
<mata> : ln na
<atode> : sau
<mou sukoshi> : thm mt cht na
<ii desu yo> : c y
<saa> : no, vy th
<are ?> : din t s ngc nhin
<shingou wo migi e
magatte kudasai> : hy quo phi ch n giao thng
<massugu iki masu> : i thng
<kore de onegaishimasu> : cho ti gi (ni khi tr tin)
<otsuri> : tin thi li
II NG PHP
Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt trong nhng ng php thng xuyn dng trong ting
Nht, nu khng nm k phn ny, cc bn s khng th no bc ln tip uc.
* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t u ch hc qua ch khng h l ng t trong ting
Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc khi vo th <Te>, cc bn cn phi nm vng v bit cch phn
bit ng t no nhm no.
A CC NHM NG T
1) NG T NHM I
ng t nhm I l nhng ng t c ui l ct (trc <masu> tc l nhng ch sau y:
, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>, <gi>, <ki>, <ni>...
V d:
<asobi masu> : i chi
<yobi masu> : gi
<nomi masu> : ung
...........
Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c gi l c bit. Nhng ng t tuy c ui l ct nhng
c th n nm trong nhm II, hoc nhm III. Tuy nhin nhng ng t nh th khng nhiu.
V d:
<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)

<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)
<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)
2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l ct <e>(trc <masu> tc l nhng ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>, <be>.....
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
..........
ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im ny).
3) NG T NHM III
ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui l ch <shi>, v khi
b <masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushi masu>: hc ---------------><benkyou> : vic hc
: hc ---------------> : vic hc
<kaimonoshi masu>: mua sm --------------><kaimono> : s mua sm
: mua sm --------------> : s mua sm
.......
Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh ng t.
V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
.............
B TH TE
Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua ng t nhng
th <masu>, v nhng ng t c ui l <masu>. V by gi th Te chnh l t th
masu chuyn thnh da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c bn:
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht.
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh
<kaki masu> : vit --------------------------------><kaite>
: vit -------------------------------->
<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b ------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh
<oyogi masu>: bi ----------------------------------------------><oyoide>
: bi ---------------------------------------------->
<isogi masu> : vi v--------------------------------------------><isoide>
: vi v ------------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi> cc bn s i thnh <n de>
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi>. Thm <n de>
<nomi masu> : ung ---------------------------------------><nonde>
: ung --------------------------------------->
<yobi masu> : gi ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: gi --------------------------------------->
<yomi masu> : c ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: c ---------------------- ---------------->
i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v <yomi masu> th khi chia th <te>, cc bn
phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t <yobi masu> hay ng t
<yomi masu>.
* Nhng ng t c ui l , <chi>, <ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu nh v ch te> (khng bit
phi vit sao )
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,(,(<chi>. Thm <tsu nh v ch te>
<magari masu>:quo ----------------------------------------><magatte>
:quo ---------------------------------------->
<kai masu> : mua ----------------------------------------><katte>
: mua ---------------------------------------->
<nobori masu> : leo ----------------------------------------><nobotte>
: leo ----------------------------------------->
<shiri masu> : bit -----------------------------------------><shitte>
: bit ----------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<oshi masu> : n -----------------------><oshi te>
: n ----------------------->
<dashi masu>: gi-----------------------><dashi te>
: gi ---------------------->
<keshi masu> : tt----------- -----------><keshi te>
: tt----------------------->
* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh sau:
b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v te>
<iki masu> : i---------------------------------><itte>
: i--------------------------------->
2) NG T NHM II
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n gin nht.
* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b <masu> thm <te>.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>
: m ------------------------------->
<hajime masu> : bt u----------------------------><hajimete>
:bt u --------------------------->
* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau:
b <masu> thm <te>
<abi masu> : tm----------------------------><abite>
: tm---------------------------->
<deki masu> : c th-------------------------><dekite>
: c th--------------------->
: c------------------------------><ite>
: c------------------------------>
<oki masu> : thc dy----------------------><okite>
: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>
: xung (xe)------------------>
<kari masu> : mn-------------------------><karite>
: mn------------------------->
3)ng t nhm III

- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v cng n gin.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm, v ---------------------------><shi te>
: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>
: i do --------------------------->
<benkyoushi masu>:hc ----------------------------><benkyoushite>
: hc --------------------------->
y l ng t c bit nhm III:
<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>
: i -------------------->
* Ng php 2:
- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn va mi hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
V d:
*
<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
*
<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)
+
<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)
+
<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)

* Ng php 3:
- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>
V d:

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)
BI 15
T bi ny, Mnh s nh thm kanji ca t vng vo v nhm ca cc ng t (I,II,III).

Nhng bn no c font Ting Nht th mi xem c ch kanji, nhng bn khng c th
vo link sau download v ci(www.mediafire.com/?fctbzc3kftx).
Cn cc nhm ng t th vn theo quy c c :
Quy c:mu l ng t nhm I, tr t
mu xanh dng l ng t nhm II
mu hng l ng t nhm III
I T VNG
I <tachi masu> : ng
I <suwari masu> : ngi
I <tsukai masu> : s dng
I <oki masu> : t
I <tsukuri masu> : lm, sn xut
I <tsukuri masu> : lm(nh)
I <uri masu> : bn
I <shiri masu> : bit
<shitte imasu> : bit
<denwa bango wo> : bit s in
thoi
I <sumi masu> : sng
<sunde imasu> : sng
<oosaka ni > : sng Osaka
III <kenkyuushi masu> : nghin cu
<shiryou> : ti liu
<KATAROGU> : Catalogue
<jikokuhyou> : lch trnh (tu xe)
<fuku> : trang phc
<seihin> : sn phm
<SOFUTO> : phn mm (my tnh)
<senmon> : chuyn mn
<haisha> : nha s
<tokoya> : tim ht tc (dnh cho nam gii)
<PUREIGAIDO> : ni bn v (kch, ha nhc)
<dokushin> : c thn
<tokuni> : c bit
I <omoidashi masu> : nh
<gokazoku> : gia nh (ngi khc)
I <irasshai masu> : (knh ng)
<koukou> : trng cp 3
Lu : ng t <oki masu> c hai ng t.
* Mt ng t <oki masu> ngha l thc dy thuc nhm II (vit ra kanji l ch )
* Mt ng t <oki masu> ngha l t thuc nhm I (vit ra kanji l ch )
II NG PHP
Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 13.
* Ng php 1:
- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h
c th lm iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>
V d:

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)
* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nnkhi vit phi vit ch

<ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.
V d:

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)
*
<hai, ii desu>
(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen> th nu
bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php
Lu : i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l
<shiri masen>
V d:

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu ka>
(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)
*
<hai, shitte imasu>
(Bit ch)
*
<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
BI 16
I T VNG
I <norimasu> : bc ln (xe, tu)

densha ni : i xe in
II <orimasu> : xung (xe, tu)
densha wo : xung xe in
II <norikaemasu> : sang xe, i xe
II <abimasu> : tm
SHAWA wo : tm bng vi sen
II <iremasu> : b vo, cho vo
II <dashimasu> : a ra, xut ra
ginkou de okane wo : rt tin ti ngn hng
I <hairimasu> : vo
daigaku ni : vo i hc
II <demasu> : ra
daigaku wo : ra trng
II <yamemasu> : ngh, b
kaisha wo : ngh vic
I <oshimasu> : n, y
<wakai> (i) : tr trung
<nagai> (i) : di
<mijikai> (i) : ngn
<akarui> (i) : sng sa
<kurai> (i) : ti, m u
<se ga takai> : dng ngi cao
<atama ga ii> : thng minh
<karada> : thn th
<atama> : ci u
<kami> : tc
<kao> : khun mt
<me> : mt
<mimi> : l tai
<kuchi> : ming
<ha> : rng
<onaka> : bng
<ashi> : chn
<SA BISU> : s phc v
<JOGINGU> : vic chy b
<SHAWA > : vi sen
<midori> : cy xanh, mu xanh
() () <(o)tera> : cha
<jinja> : n th (Thn o)
<ryuugakusei> : du hc sinh
<ichiban> : th nht
<douyatte> : lm nh th no ?
<dono> : no
<dono hito> : ngi no
() <(iie), madamada desu> : khng, vn cha
: tn mt loi tu Nht Bn
<AJIA> : Chu
<kaiwa>
<ohikidashi desu ka> : anh rt tin phi khng ?
<BOTAN> : nt bm
<KYASSHUKA DO> : th tn dng
<mazu> : trc tin, trc ht
<tsugi ni> : k tip
<kakunin> : xc nhn, kim tra li
<kingaku> : s tin
II NG PHP
- Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>, xin xem li v th <te> bi 14
* Ng Php 1:
- Ni cc ng t trong mt cu.
- Dng th <te> v ngn cch bng du phy. ng t cui cng vn l th <masu>
C php:
V <te> + V <te> + V <te> + ......+ V <masu>
V d:
(I) (II)() (III)
(I) (II)() (III)
<ashita koube e itte (I) , eiga wo mite(II), (sorekara) kaimonoshimasu (III)
<Ngy mai ti s i koube, ri xem phim, sau l i mua sm>
* Ng Php 2:
- Ni cc tnh t v danh t trong cu (cc tnh t cng mt chiu ngha)
- Trc gi cc bn hc cch ni tnh t cng mt chiu ngha bi 8, nhng thng ch dng vi 2 tnh t.
Cn by gi l nhiu tnh t.
- i vi tnh t : b thm <kute>
i vi tnh t <na> v <meishi (danh t)> : thm <de>
V lin kt bng cc du phy, ring danh t hay tnh t cui cng vn bnh thng.
C php:
- Tnh t <na> v <meishi>
* <na>Adj + <de> + <na>Adj + <de> +.......+ <na>Adj + <desu>
* <meishi> + <de> + <meishi> + <de> +......+ <meishi> + <desu>
- Tnh t
Adj + <kute> + Adj + <kute> +.......+ Adj + <desu>
V d:

<watashi wa juuroku sai de, gakusei de, BETONAMU jin desu>
(Ti 16 tui, l hc sinh, ngi Vit Nam)
A (na) (na) (i) (i)
A (na) (na) (i) (i)
(Anh A th p trai, tt bng, cao ro, v hin lnh) (Ai m ton din th nh ?
Ch :
- Khi tnh t i chung vi danh t th s xem n nh l mt danh t v ni nh l ni danh t .
V d :
<shinsetsu na hito> (Tnh t <na> i chung vi danh t) th khi ni li s thm t <de>
vo sau
- Tnh t cng tng t.
- Ring tnh t <ii> (tt) th khi chia s thnh <yokute>
* Ng Php 3:
- Tnh t ch tnh cht i vi danh t
C php:
<meishi>+ <ga> + / <na> Adj
V d:

<se ga takai desu>
(Dng ngi cao)

<me ga ookii desu>
(Mt to)

<kami ga mijikai desu>
(Tc di)
* Ng Php 4:
- Sau khi lm g th lm g .
C php:
V <te> + <kara> + V <masu>
V d:
(I) (I) (I)
(I) (I) (I)
<kinou, gakkou kara kaette (I) kara, tomodachi to asobi (I)ni ikimashita (I)>
(Ngy hm qua sau khi t trng tr v ti i chi vi bn.)
BI 17
I T VNG
II <oboemasu> : nh, thuc bi
II <wasuremasu> : qun
I <nakushimasu> : nh mt
I <dashimasu> : a trao np
REPO TO wo : Np bo co
I <nomimasu> : ung
kusuri wo : ung thuc
I <haraimasu> : tr tin
I <kaeshimasu> : tr li
II <dekakemasu> : i ra ngoi
I <nugimasu> : ci ra
I <motte ikimasu> : mang theo
III <motte kimasu> : mang n
III <shinpaishimasu> : lo lng
III <zangyoushimasu> : lm thm gi, tng ca
III <shucchoushimasu> : i cng tc
I <hairimasu> : i vo
ofuro ni tm (bn)
() () <taisetsu(na)> : quan trng
() () <daijoubu(na)> : khng sao
<abunai> : nguy him
<mondai> : vn
<kotae> : cu tr li
<kinen> : cm ht thuc
() () <(kinkou) hokenshou> : th bo him y t
<kaze> : gi
wo hikimasu : b cm
<netsu> : nhit
ga arimasu : b st
<byouki> : bnh
<kusuri> : thuc
() () <(o)furo> : bn tm
<uwagi> : o khoc (ngn)
<shitagi> : lt
<sensei> : t dng gi bc s
2,3 <2,3 ichi> : ngy
< made ni> : trc
<desukara> : v vy
<doushimashita ka> : ng b sao vy ?

() () <( ga) itaidesu> : au
<nodo> : c hng
<odaijini> : chc ng mau ht bnh
IING PHP
Ng php bi ny sang mt th mi, l :
<NAI KEI>
A TH NAI
Cn ngha ca th <nai> th sau ny cc bn s hc.
1 Nhm I:
i vi cc ng t nhm I, ta chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (a) ri thm <nai> vo. Nu ui ca ng t
l th u chuyn sang <wa>.
V d:
: mua --------------->
<kaimasu> : mua ---------------><kawanai>
: ht --------------->
<utaimasu> : ht --------------><utawanai>
: vit -------------->
<kakimasu> : vit --------------><kakanai>
: vi vng ------------->
<isogimasu> : vi vng------------><isoganai>
Tng t vi my ng t cn li :
<bi>---------------> <ba>
<shi>------------> <sha>
<chi>--------------> <ta>
<mi>--------------> <ma>
<ri>---------------> <ra>
* Ring ng t :
: c ---------------->
<arimasu> : c ---------------><nai>
2 Nhm II:
i vi cc ng t nhm II ch cn b <masu> thm <nai>.

V d:
: n ---------------------->
<tabemasu> :n ---------------------><tabenai>
: ra ---------------------->
<demasu> : ra ----------------------><denai>
: tm----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II)
<abimasu> : tm----------------------><abinai> (ng t c bit nhm II)
: mn----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II)
<karimasu>: mn---------------------><karimasu>(ng t c bit nhm II)
3 Nhm III:
i vi cc ng t nhm III, ta b <masu> thm <nai>.
V d:
: lm -------------------->
<shimasu> : lm --------------------><shinai>
: lo lng-------------------->
<shinpaishimasu> : lo lng-----------------><shinpaishinai>
: hc-------------------->
<benkyoushimasu> : hc -------------------><benkyoushinai>
* Ring ng t :
<> : n -------------->
<kimasu> : n --------------><konai>
B NG PHP TH NAI
1 Ng php 1:
Yu cu ai ng lm iu g .
C php:
V <nai> + <de kudasai>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<tabako wo suwanai de kudasai(I)>
(Xin ng ht thuc)
(I)
(I)
<PASUPO-TO wo nakusanai de kudasai(I)>
(Xin ng lm mt h chiu)
2 Ng php 2:
Yu cu ai phi lm mt iu g hay do tnh th nn phi lm iu .
C php:
- Chia ng t th <nai> ri b + <nakerebanarimasen>
V <na> + <nakereba narimasen>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<gakusei wa mainichi gakkou e ikanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Hc sinh th mi ngy phi n trng)
A san i n bc s khm bnh. Sau khi khm xong Bc s yu cu A san :
A (II) (I)
A (II) (I)
(A san, mi ngy sau khi n cm ti xong, phi ung thuc ngay)
3 Ng php 3:
Ni vi ai rng h khng cn lm iu cng c
C php:
- Chia ng t th <nai> ri b + <kutemo ii desu>
V <na> + <kutemo ii desu>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<watashi no uchi ni hairu toki, kutsu wo nugana kutemo ii desu(I)>
(Khi bc vo trong nh ca ti, khng cn ci giy cng c)
4 Ng php 4:
Nhn mnh mt vic lm no bng cch a danh t ln u cu.
C php:
<meishi> + <wa> + <doushi>
(Danh t) + <wa> + (ng t)
V d:
( ) (I)
( ) (I)
<(watashi wa) ashita REPO TO wo kakanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Ngy mai (ti) phi vit bo co)
----> ( ) (I)
( ) (I)
<(watashi ga) REPO TO wa ashita kakanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Bo co th ngy mai phi vit)
- Cu trn chuyn i a danh t ra trc nhm nhn mnh s vic.

- Khi a danh t ra trc th nu cu gi nguyn <watashi> th i <wa> (trc <watashi> thnh <ga>
(v cu khng th c hai tr t <wa>, cn khng th b <watashi> v ch ng y c hiu ngm.
[/FONT]
I 18
IT VNG
II <dekimasu> : c th
I <araimasu> : ty, ra
I <hikimasu> : chi n
PIANO wo : chi n
I <utaimasu> : ht
II <atsumemasu> : tp hp, su tp
II <sutemasu> : vt b i
II <kaemasu> : i
III <untenshimasu> : li xe
III <yoyakushimasu> : hn trc, t trc
III <kengakushimasu> : i tham quan hc hi
ME TORU : mt
<kokusai> : quc t
<kokusaidenwa> : in thoi quc t
<genkin> : tin mt
<shumi> : s thch
<nikki> : nht k
<(o) inori> : cu nguyn
<kachou> : trng ban
<buchou> : trng phng
<shachou> : gim c
<PIANO> : n piano
<BI TORUZU> : ban nhc Beatles
<doubutsu> : ng vt
<uma> : con nga
<hee> : t biu th khen(, ng y)
<sorewa omoshiroidesune> : iu tht th v
<nakanaka masen> : mi m khng
<bokujou> : bi, trang tri chn nui
<hontoudesuka> : tht sao ?
<zehi> : nht nh (i vi V<tai>
II NG PHP
Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nhng qu quen vi mt s gio trnh khc.
l th :
<jishokei> (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l th nguyn mu ca mi ng

t. Khi ngi Nht qua y dy ting Nht, v lch s h dng <nagaikatachi> (tc th
<masu> dy chng ta. V th cc bn thy tt c mi ng t chng ta hc t trc n gi u bt u th
<masu> trc ri mi chuyn qua cc th khc. Th nhng iu li gy kh khn cho chng ta cch
chia ng t, bi v thc cht chia t th nguyn mu sang cc th khc li d hn l t th <masu> chia
sang cc th khc. Tuy nhin nu bn no c th tip thu tt th ci kh khn ny ch l g c.
V d:
+ Chia t th <masu> sang th mnh lnh (th ngn ca <tekudasai> sau ny s hc)
----------->
kakimasu---------->kake
------------>
machimasu----------- > mate
+ Chia t th nguyn mu sang th mnh lnh
----------->
kaku ----------->kake
------------>
matsu------------> mate
Nhn th cc bn cng bit cch no d chia hn phi khng.
Th nhng chng ta qu quen vi cch chia th nht nn chng ta s khng thay i. Cn cch chia th hai th
l ca trng Sakura s dng (V Hira hc song song hai bn nn bit)
A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I
i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b <masu> v chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (u)
V d:
b <masu> i ct (i) thnh ct (u)
------------>------------------------------> : vit
kakimasu------------kaki--------------------------- kaku
----------->------------------------------> : mua
kaimasu------------kai------------------------------ kau
----------->------------------------------> : ci ra
nugimasu-----------nugi----------------------------- nugu
------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu-----------dashi--------------------------- dasu
------------->------------------------------> : ng
tachimasu----------- tachi-----------------------------tatsu
----------->-------------------------------> : gi
yobimasu-----------yobi-----------------------------yobu
--------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu---------yomi------------------------------ yomu
------------->------------------------ > : chp (hnh)
torimasu-----------tori--------------------------toru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b <masu>, thm <ru>
V d:
b <masu> thm <ru>
------------------> :n
tabemasu-------------------taberu
---------------> : nh
oboemasu-----------------oboeru
--------------> : suy ngh
kangaemasu----------------kangaeru
-------------------> : tm (ng t c bit)
abimasu---------------------abiru
---------------------> : c th (dng t c bit)
dekimasu---------------------dekiru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>
V d:
------------------> : hc
benkyoushimasu------------------benkyousuru
----------------> : kt hn
kekkonshimasu -----------------kekkonsuru
----------------------> : n (ng t c bit)
kimasu ---------------------kuru
B NG PHP
I Ng php 1:
+Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .
+Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V( + + +
Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto +ga + dekimasu
V d:

<watashi wa 100 ME-TORU oyogu koto ga dekimasu>
(Ti c th bi 100 mt)
A
A
A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen
(Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji)
II Ng php 2:
+i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi <maeni>
danh t cng vi <no> cng vi <maeni>
thi gian cng vi <maeni>
C php:
Noun + + V() + : Trc khi lm ci g ,.........
Noun + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni
Noun + + : Trc ci g ,................
Noun + no + maeni
+ : Cch y........,..............
jikan + maeni
V d:

<watashi wa mainichi neru maeni, manga wo yondeimasu>
(Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh)

<shiken no maeni, benkyoushita bunpou wo fukushuushi nakerebanarimasen>
(Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc)
DamSen
DamSen
<3 nen maeni, DamSen kouen e kimashita>
(Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen)
III Ng php 3:
+ S thch l g
+ Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi <kotodesu>
C php:
Noun + V() + +
Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu
V d:
Q : A
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)
A :

watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu
(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)
BI 19
I T VNG
I <noborimasu> : leo
yama ni : leo ni
I <tomarimasu> : tr
HOTERU ni : tr li khch sn
III <soujishimasu>: lau chi
III <sentakushimasu> : git gi
III <renshuushimasu> : luyn tp
<narimasu> : tr nn
<nemui> : bun ng
<tsuyoi> : mnh m
<yowai> : yu
<choushi> : tnh trng (sc khe, my mc)
<choushi ga warui> : tnh trng xu
<choushi ga ii> : tnh trng tt
<hi> : ngy
<GORUFU> : golf
<sumou> : mn nh vt, v s sumo
<PACHINKO> : my nh bc
<ocha / sadou>: tr o
<ichido> : mt ln
<ichido mo masen> : mt ln cng khng
<dandan> : dn dn
<mousugu> : sp sa
() (okagesamade) : nh n tri
<kanpai> : ting h khi cng ly

<jitsuha(c l wa)>: tht ra l, tht ra th
<DAIETTO> : n king
<nankaimo> : nhiu ln
<shikashi> : tuy nhin
<murina> : qu mc, v l
<karada ni ii> : tt cho c th
<karada ni warui> : c hi cho c th
<KE KI> : bnh ngt
II NG PHP
ATH <TA>
Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th <ta>. V sao khng mi, l v cch
chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th <te>. Cc bn ch vic chia nh th <te> v thay <te>
thnh <ta>
V d:
-------------------->--------> : vit (nhm I)
kakimasu----------------- kaite---------- kaita
-------------------->-------- > : c (nhm I)
yomimasu-------------------yonde----------yonda
-------------------->--------> : n (nhm II)
tabemasu------------------tabete----------tabeta
--------->--------> : hc (nhm III)
benkyoushimasu---------benkyoushite-----------benkyoushita
B NG PHP
I Ng php 1:
+ tng lm vic g cha ?
+ Chia ng t th <ta> cng vi <koto ga arimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V() +
Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu
V d:

<watashi wa okinawa e itta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng i n okinawa)

<watashi wa sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng n sushi)
II Ng php 2:
+ Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng.
+ Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th <te> ca ng t, nhng nu dng
cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm
tng trng thi.
+ Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l <shimasu> v dch l "no l....,no
l......"
C php:
V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +....+
V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +.... + <shimasu> : no l...,no l...
V d:
A
A
(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)

<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>
(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>
III Ng php 3:
+ Tr nn nh th no .
C php:
Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>
V d:

<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>
<B TERESA tr nn cao hn ri>
HOCHIMINH
HOCHIMINH
<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>
(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>

<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>
(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)
BI 20
I T VNG
I <irimasu> : cn
BIZA ga : cn visa
II <shirabemasu> : tra cu
I <naoshimasu>: sa cha (nh chnh)
III <shuurishimasu> : sa cha (my mc)
III <denwashimasu> : gi in thoi
<boku> : anh, t (cch xng h ca nam)
<kimi> : em (nam gi n)
<un> : vng (cch ni ngn ca <hai>
<uun> : khng (cch ni ngn ca <iie>
<SARARI-MAN> : nhn vin vn phng, cng chc
<kotoba> : t ng, ngn t
<bukka> : vt gi
<kimono> : o kimono
<hajime> : s bt u
kongetsu no : u thng ny
<owari> : s kt thc
kongetsu no : cui thng ny
<kocchi> : ch ny (cch ni ngn ca "kochira")
<socchi> : ch (cch ni ngn ca "sochira")
<acchi> : ch kia (cch ni ngn ca "achira")
<docchi> : ch no (cch ni ngn ca "dochira")
<kono aida> : gn y, hm ri, hm trc

<minnade> : tt c mi ngi
<kedo> : nhng
<kuni e kaeruno?> : v nc h?
<dousuruno?> : lm th no?
<doushiyoukana> : khng bit lm sao y
<yokattara> : nu c th
<iroiro> : nhiu loi
II - NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu n, cc bn s rt kh khn khi
hc ln cao v lng tng trong vic giao tip vi ngi Nht.
Xin gii thiu:
<futsuukei>(ng Du)
<mijikaikatachi> (Sakura)
C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH NGN. Nhng m cch ging v mt
s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau. y mnh s ghi theo kinh nghim ca mnh.
A - Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vit khng nn dng.
Ngi Nht dng n :
- Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh
- Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong cng ty)
v dng rt thng xuyn trong cuc sng.
Hn cc bn hc gio trnh Minna s thc mc ti sao khi ngi Nht dy ting Nht cho chng ta li dy bng
th di (th <masu> m cc bn ang hc) ? n gin l v lch s.
Th ngn khng c dng cho :
- Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit.
- Cp trn ca mnh
Do vy bt buc h phi dng th di dy chng ta.
Th th ngn c kh khng. Xin tha khng, t nht l vi ng t . V nu cc bn hc k bi v cc th ca ng
t t bi 1-19 th coi nh hon tt 3/4 ng php ca bi ny. Phn cn li ch l "ru ria" thi.
B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :
Th ngn s c 3 loi : Th ngn ca ng t
Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t (na)
Th ngn ca tnh t (i)
1 NG T
Khng nh hin ti:
V() -----------> V ()
V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>

V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimasu> ----------------> <hanasu> : ni
----------------->
----------------- >
<tabemasu> ------------------> <taberu> : n
----------------- >
----------------->
<benkyoushimasu>---------------> <benkyousuru> : hc
Ph nh hin ti:
V()----------> V()
V<masen> -----------> V<nai>
V d:
---------->
---------->
<hanashimasen> ---------> <hanasanai> : khng ni
------------->
------------>
<tabemasen> ------------- > <tabenai> : khng n
----------->
------------>
<benkyoushinai>---------> <benkyoushinai> : khng hc
Khng nh qu kh:
V()--------------> V()
V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimashita>------------> <hanashita> : ni
-------------->
-------------->
<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n
---------->
--------->
<benkyoushimashita> --------> <benkyoushita> : hc
Ph nh qu kh:
V() -------->V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:
--->
---->
<hanashimasendeshita>---><hanasanakatta>: khng ni
----->
---->
<tabemasendeshita>----> <tabenakatta> : khng n
------->
------>
<benkyoushimasendeshita>----> <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:
- Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th u th hin c trng ca th .
(VD: ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu kh...)
- Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi nh l mt tnh t (i) v chia theo
tnh t (i)
VD:
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t i)---------> <tabenakatta>
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t i) --------> <tabetakunai>
2 DANH T V TNH T (NA)
Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.
Khng nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <desu> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <da>
V d:
-------------------------->
------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma
------------------------->
------------------------->
<shinsetsu desu> ------------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t
Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ---------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------- > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nai>
V d:
-------------------->
------------------->
<ame ja arimasen> --------------------> <ame ja nai> : khng ma
------------------->
------------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasen> -------- > <shinsetsu ja nai> : khng t t
Khng nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <deshita> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <datta>
V d:
------------------------>
----------------------- >
<ame deshita> ---------------------> <ame datta> : ma
---------------------->
---------------------- >
<shinsetsu desu> ---------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t
Ph nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nakatta>
V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<ame ja arimasendeshita> --------------> <ame janakatta> : khng ma
---------------->
---------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasendeshita> -------> <shinsetsu janakatta> : khng t t
3 TNH T (i)
Tnh t ny th cc bn ch vic b desu thi. V chia theo bnh thng
V d:
----------------> : cao
----------------->
<takai desu>------------------><takai>
----------------> : khng cao
------------>
<takakunai desu>------------> <takakunai>
-----------------> : cao
----------------->
<takakatta desu>---------------> <takakatta>
-----------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunakatta desu>------------> <takakunakatta>
Mt s im cn ch :
- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l ln ging)
V d:
NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->
- -------------->
<hanashimasu> --------------> <hanasu> : ni
- Cu hi - <Nan desu ka> - ci g s c ni tt l - <nani>
BI 21
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:07:42
I/Mu cu: Ti ngh l.....

* Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn no .
Cu trc:
V (Th ngn,th thng thng)
A
A -------------------------------- +
N
V d:
~ )
Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.
~
Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.
~
Ti ngh rng ngi Nht th thn thin
~
Ti ngh rng Nht th giao thng tin li.
II/Mu cu s dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no
Cu trc:
~N~
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
V d:

Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.
Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

III/Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip
A-Truyn li dn trc tip
Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?

Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
Cu trc:
)
V d:
Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.

Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.

IV/Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca ngi khc.
V
A -------------------------------
A (b )
N (b )
V d:
Hm nay tri nng nh.
Th su c ngh c phi khng?
BI 22
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:16:41
**Mnh quan h**

I/Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2
V d 1.
+ y l tm nh.
+ Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
---> y l bc nh anh ti chp.
-Phn tch cu trn s thy
=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
V d 2.
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
II/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1N2
Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
Mt s v d khc:
+H H l ngi ang eo knh
--> H Ngi ang eo knh l H

+Minh Minh
Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.
---> Minh Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.
III/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha NV
** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.
Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n ci bnh do b ti lm th s th no?
--->
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+
Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.
+
Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic
IV/Cu trc:Mnh b ngha NA A
**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3 vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
+
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+
Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.
+
Ti mun c nh to.
V/Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N
*Tng t IV:
-V d:
Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm

+
Ti khng c thi gian vit th
+
Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khac gip cc bn hiu r hn v Mnh quan h.
Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.
Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.
Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.
BI 23
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:23:55
I/Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm mt vic g hay trong mt trng
thi no .
Cu trc:
V ,....
A ,....
A ,....
N ,....
V d:

Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+
Khi c bo th eo knh.
+
Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi thy gio.

+
Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.

Khi yn tnh ti c sch.
+
Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m.
***Ch : Khi V1(V2 th V2 y phi xy ra trc V1
V d 1:
+
Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v nu bn v nh ri th
sao m mua c sch ng khng?
V d 2:
+
Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v nh, v phi v nh ri
th bn mi c th ni c m)
II/Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc
V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic , hnh ng tip theo mt
cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s dng may mc)
V d:
+
i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th s c v
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s tr nn to.
BI 24
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:32:26
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc:
1/Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .
Cu trc: S N
V d:
+
Ti c anh ti tng giy

+
Ti c ngi yu tng hoa

**C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i.
--->
2/Mu cu: Khi ai lm n hoc lm h mnh mt ci g
Cu trc: S N V(Th
V d:
+
M ti mua cho ti ci o len

+
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thy i
--->
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
Cu trc:
SN
V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
+Thanh
<Thanh>
Ti tng bn Thanh hoa
2/Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
Cu trc:S NV(Th )
V d:
+ Quyen Hanoi
< Quyen Hanoi >
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
+ Ha
< Ha >
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh
III/Mu cu+Ng php
1/Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g
Cu trc:S N
V d:
<>
Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka
+
<>
Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA
2/Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca ngi no .
Cu trc: S NV(Th )
V d:
+
<>
Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht
+ Dao
< Dao >
Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch
BI 25
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:08:36
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc
Mu cu: V 1(iu kin) V 2( kt qu).
**Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2.
Cu trc:
V(-qu kh thng) V 2
A (-qu kh thng)
A -qu kh thng)
N(-qu kh thng)
V d:
+V d vi ng t.
~
Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.

~
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~
Nu xe but khng ti th s i bng taxi.

+V d vi tnh t
~
(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha

~
(Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi .

+V d vi danh t
~
(Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti i do.

II/Mu cu + Cu trc
Mu cu:( V 1 V 2
** D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm ca cu vn nhng nu khng c th
ngha ca cu vn c th hiu c.
Cu trc:
V(-Th ) V 2
A (A )
A (A )
N (N )
V d:
+Vi ng t:
~
Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na th van truot bai kiem tra

~
Cho d c tui th ti vn mun lm vic

+Vi tnh t:
~
D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co.

~
D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng thnh ph

+Vi danh t
~
Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.
BI 26
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:29:20
I-T Vng
<sagashimasu> tm kim
<okuremasu> mun,b mun<xe in><

<maniaimasu> ng gi
<yarimasu> lm
<sankashimasu> tham d<tic>
<moshikomimasu> np n vo
<sugou ga ii> thun tin
<sugou ga warui> ko thun tin
<kibungaii> cm thy kho
<kibungawarui> cm thy mt
<shinbunsha> nh xut bn
<juudo> v judo
<undokai> hi thao
<basho> ni chn
<borantia> t nguyn
<ben> ting a phng
<kondo> ba ti ,ba khc
<zuibun> ton phn ,rt
<chokusetsu> trc tip
<istudemo> bt c lc no
<daredemo> bt c ai
<dokodemo> bt c ni u
<nandemo> bt c ci g
<kon na> nh ci ny
<son na> nh ci <gn ngi nghe>
<an na> ci kia<xa ngi ni v ngi nghe>
II-NG PHP
th ngn gn
adj th ngn gn
adj th ngn gn
N
CCH S DNG:
c dng xc nhn li s suy ln ca ngi ni da trn nhng thng tin , hin tng c c t i phng
ang trc mt.
c N vi ng iu cao, mnh.Khi ni do nhn mnh ng iu v ch yu l t cu hi cho nn i khi to cm
gic kh chu cho ngi nghe, biu hin mnh m cm xc ngi ni nh s nghi ng, ngc nhin, t m...V vy
cn s dng thch hp.
V d ng cnh l th 1 ngi bn vo nh vi cy d b t, nn s t cu hi l
Tri ang ma h?
2>DOSHITE ~ N DESU KA?: TI SAO LI......?

S dng trong trng hp ngi ni mun c c nhng thng tin c th( hi thm thng tin)
Khi hi "DOSHITE ~ "N DESU KA?" th cu tr li cng phi dng "N DESU"(=
KARA) gii thch, khng c dng KARA hay NDESU KARA thay
th.
V d:
Ti sao bn li ngh lm vy?
Ti v ti au u
3///
Hi thm thng tin. Cu tr li khng cn dng "
V d:
1> Bn hc ting Nht u?
Ti hc i hc.
2>Bn s cho ai thanh CHOCOLATE vy?
Cho em ti
4> ~ ? :bi v ~ lm n vui lng~

V d:
V ti mun hc cm hoa, lm n vui lng ch cho ti gio vin tt.

5>
*Mong mun c c s ch th hay li khuyn.
V d:
Ti mun hc ting Nht, vy hc u th tt?

Tr li:
* Hy hc trng Sakura.
*Ti ngh nu m hc Sakura th tt.(a ra li khuyn)
BI 27
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:44:29
I-T vng
(kaimasu) nui gi
(tatemasu) xy
(hashirimasu) chy li xe (dc theo con ng)
(torimasu) ly ,c c (ngy ngh)
(kikoemasu) c th nghe thy(m thamh)

(dekimasu) han thnh,xy xong (sn bay)
(hirakimasu) m ,t chc(lp hc)
(betto) vt nui
( tori) chim
(ko e) ging
(nami) sng
(hanabi) pho hoa
(keishiki) phong cnh
(hiruma) thi gian ban ngy
(mukashi) ngy xa
(doogu) dng c
(jidouhan baiki) my t ng bn hng
(kuri-ningu) hiu git
(manshon) chung c
(daidokoro nh bp
(kyoushistu) phng hc
(pa-ty-ru-mu) phng tic
(go) sau(mt khong thi gian)
(shika) ch(s dng viph nh)
(hakano) ngoi ra
II Ng Php
NG T CH KH NNG
NHM I: NG T CT CH CHUYN SANG CT CH ""
---------:c th vit
----------;c thmua
NHM II: NG T TH , B ,+ ()
---------:c th n
------------:c th mc(qun o )
NHM III: -----
-------
Lu :tr t khi dng th kh nng th chuyn thnh tr t ,cc tr t khc nguyn
1> Ti c th s dng a

2> Ti c th mc o Kimono

3> T c s c th nhn thy ni

4> C th nghe ting sng bin

5> Cm ti nu xong

6> Sn bay KANSAI c hon thnh khi no?

c hon thnh vo ma thu 1994
7> T Tokyo c th nhn thy ni Ph S khng?

Hi xa th c th nhn thy, nhng by gi th hu nh khng th thy.

II>DANH T -----
-------> c ngha l ch(only), nhng phi dng n trong cu ph nh
VD .Ti ch c th ni ting Anh thi

BI 28
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:57:24
I-T VNG:
(uremasu) bn, c bn(bnh m)
(odorimasu) nhy
(kamimasu) cn,nhai
(erabimasu) la chn
(tigaimasu) khc nhau
(kayoimasu) ti ,lui(trng i hc)
ghi ch
(mazime) nghim trng, nghim trang
(nesshin) nhit tnh
(yasashii) t t
(erai) tuyn dng, ng kgm phc
(choodoii) thch hp
(shuukan) phong tc
(keiken) kinh nghim
(tikara) lc
(ninki) tnh ph bin
(katati) hnh dng
(iro) mu sc
(azi) v,mi
(gamu) ko cao su
(shinamono) hang ho
(nedan) gi c
(kyuuryou) lng
- (bonasu) tin thng
(dorama) v kch
(shousestu) tiu thuyt
II-NG PHP
1>VbV
Din t 2 hnh ng xy ra cng mt lc.Hnh ng chnh l hnh ng ng sau.
Vd:Ti va nghe nhc,va n cm
Anh yva i lm va i hc
vy .gii ha
Ti va li xe, va nhai ko cao su, khi ti bun ng
Vy , ti th s dng li v ng mt cht
2>NG T TH
Hnh ng lp i lp li theo thi quen trong sinh hot hng ngy.
:Mi ti bn thng xem chng trnh no?
Vo ngy ngh th ti thng chi Tenis

-
3> (TH NGN GN)-~ : (c lit k)
1-Anh Suzuki no l c th chi piano, no l bit khiu v, thm vo cng c th ht.
2-Thy Kim th nhit tnh, nghim tc, v c kinh nghim.
3-Thnh ph H Ch Minh th rng ln, p v si ng.
BI 29
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:26:32
I/Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu: N/(ng t chia th )
-Ng php: Din t trng thi trng thy trc mt, trng thi l kt qu ca hnh ng no ,tr t s lm
nhn mnh thm ca cu.
-V d:
+
Ca s ang m
+
Ci gh hng (ang hng)

+
Ci ti ny rch
+
Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng
II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic
mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
+
Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
+
Ti n ht bnh mua hi sng ri.

+
Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
+
Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay s nui tic
ph bnh***
Bi 30
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:34:16
I-T Vng
n
:Treo
:trng by ,trang tr
sp xp
:trng(cy)
quay li,tr li
: t (vt)cnh nhau
xp xp
: t vt vo ng ni ca n
:quyt nh
:thong bo
:bn lun
: chun bbi hc
:luyn bi hc
vt nguyn nh vy
:con (ngi khc)
lp hc
bi ging
- meeting
d nh
bng thong bo
sch hng dn
- lch
- :hp ng th
: thng rc
:bp b
:bnh hoa
:gng
:ngn ko
:ca trc
:hnh lang
:tng
:h
: n cnh st
:ni ban u
:vng
:trung tm ,gia
:gc
:vn
II-Ng Php
I>V -form ng din t trng thi ca 1 vic lm c mc ch:
*N2 N1 V -form
Mu cu ny c dng khi N2 c nhc n nh 1 ti:
1. -
cun danh b u ri
-
n trn mt bn
2.
ci bng keo u ?
n ct trong ngn ko
.
k hoch thng ny ti vit trn t lch( khi qun-1 vic lm c mc ch)
*V -form : dng din t trng thi ca 1vic lm c mc ch nn n cng c dng ni 1 s
chun b c sn sng.Thng i vi
ti mua qu cho sinh nht ca c y
Ti t khch sn ri
2>V -form
*Lm trc 1 vic g
1.
trc k thi bn chun b g.
Ti nghe bng v vit kanji(chun b trc cho k thi)

2.
ban troi ve vietnam ban da mua truoc cai gi roi ?
da mua truoc qua dac san cua nhat.
*B tr ,sp t sn.
1.
S dng ko xong ri th hy ct vo trong ngn ko
*B ,c .
A:
Ti tt TV c khng.
B-()
Sp ti gi tin tc ri.anh c i
BI 31
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:40:01
I-T MI:
(l k nim) bt u
tip tc
tm thy
(bi thi)lm ,tham d
nhp trng,vo trng(trng i hc)
tt nghip,ra trng
tham d(hi ngh)
ngh gii lao

ngy ngh di hn
bi lun
cuc trin lm
ba tic m ci
k nim
tng cng ty
cc cng ty chi nhnh
nh th
sinh vin tt nghip
s th
sui khong
khch
ai
tt c thi gian
PabloPicasso-ho s ngi Ty ban nha
II-NG PHP:
1>NG T TH CH:
V(I) th ,ta b ,ri chuyn m sang m ,v thm
V(II)V()ta b ri thm
V(III)
ng t th ch c s dng trong trng hp:

-Ni cng nhau hoc ni mt mnh
Chng mnh ngh mt lc c khng
,mnh cng ngh
Ngh mt cht ch
Ti gip bn c khng.
-Ni ln nh ca mnh(khi dng vi )
2>V th ch-----------+
Mu cu c s dng khi ngi ni din t nh lm 1 vic g ca mnh.Mu cu ny nhn mnh rng
nh ca ngi ni mi c quyt nh mt thi gian gn y.
*Ch rng trong nhng mu cu trong bi ny th V th ch+ th hin kh nng thnh hin
thc thp nht.
.
Ti s i tm bin vo cui tun
By gi ti s i ngn hng.
*Ch rng th ch cng c th dng din t nh ca ngi th ba
Anh y nhi lao ng nc ngoi .

3> Vnguyn mu / V ------------- +
Mu cu ny cng c dng din t nh lm hoc khng lm 1 vic g ca ngi ni.
Khi ti v nc ,ti s hc tip mn judo
Ti quyt nh t b thuc l t ngy mai.

4> Vnguyn mu / N -------------+
Bng cch s dng mu cu ny, bn c th ni ln k hoch ca mnh
Ti d nh s i cng tc c vo cui thng 7
Chuyn i d nh s ko di ht tun
5> V
Din t mt vic g cha c hon tt.
Ngn hng vn cha m ca.
BI 32
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:44:42
I-T Vng
--------------------tp th dc
--------------------thnh cng
--------------------trt,rt
--------------------,vtqua(cuc thi)
-------------------------quay tr li
---------------------------------(ma)dng
---------------------------trong sang, p tri

-------------------------c my
-------------- ------------(gi)thi
-----------------------phc hi,kho tr li (t lc bnh)
------------------------------tip tc(nhit )
-------------------------------- b,trng(cm)
------------------------------m p
-----------------------lo lng
-----------------------
---------------------------------khc l,gy ci
-------------------------------------n o
-------------------------------------chy
-----------------------------------b thng
----------------------------------------ho
------------------------------cm
---------------------------------------bu tri
----------------------------------mt tri
----------------------------------------sao
----------------------------------------mt trng
----------------------------------------gi
----------------------------------------pha bc
--------------------------------------pha nam
----------------------------------------pha ty
--------------------------------------pha ng
----------------------------------ci vi nc
-------------------------------------ti nay
-----------------------------------chiu nay
---------------------------------------- trc
------------------------------------mun
------------------------------------ nh th ny
--------------------------------------nh th
--------------------------------------nh th kia
-----------------------------------c th
II-Ng Php
1>
V
------------------------+
V
Mu cu ny dng ni ln li ngh hoc li khuyn .thng l a ra nhng kin ngc li so vi kin
m i tng chn hoc dng trong trng hpc nhiu phng php thc hin th chn ra ly 1 phng php
thch hpvi tnh hnh thc t ca i tng.
Mi ngy tp th dc th tt
Ti b st ri
Ah,vy th tt hn l anh ko nn tm
2>
V (th ngn gn) +
adj--------------------------------------> +
adj + ( b
N+ ( b
L cch ni suy on c c s phn on r rngv l cch suy on mang tnh khch quan cho nn thng c
s dng suy oan d bo thi tit hoc trnh by nhng d on v tng lai ca nhng nh chuyn mn.
.
Ngy mai tri s ma.
Bn on xem anh yamada c thi ko?

3>
V (th ngn gn)+
adj--------------------------------------> +
adj + ( b
N+ ( b
y l cch ni suy on c rt t c s phn on nn xc thc thp hn so vi .
Ti ngh chng mnh s b mun cuc hn mt.

IV> S lng
Mu cu ny ni nn s hn ch ti thiu ca gi c ,thi gian,s lng cho mt tnh hung ,1vic lm
Ti c th ti nh ga trong vng 30 pht

Ti c th mua xe hi vi 30000 yn ko?
BI 33
Monday, 1. June 2009, 15:44:41
I-T MI
-
-
Chy
gy n
t b
nm
gi ,tun li ,vng lnh
tng ln,gi ln
gim xung
nhn li
cn thn(xe hi)()
trnh xa (t mt bn ca ai)
ko tt ,ko th
ch ngi
cuc nh ln
lut,quy tc
vt, im
tri bng
my git
ko c s dng
ko c vo, bn
li vo
li ra
li ra khn cp ,li thot him
min ph
hm nay ng ca
m ca bun bn
ang s dng
-ang
loi no
kolu hn(s dng vi ph nh)
m ca bun bn
sau
II-NG PHP:ng t th yu cu v ngn cm:

1> ng t th yu cu.
V(1)chuyn m sang m
V(2)thm m vo m
V(3)
Ch rng nhng ng t ko mang ch nh ko c ng t th yu cu.

2> ng t th ngn cm ta ch cn thm vo ng t nguyn th
.
3> Cch s dng
Th yu cu s dng khi ta ra lnh cho 1 ai lm vic g.V th ngn cm s dng khi ta yu cu ai ko lm
vic g..C 2 th u c dng trong nhng trng hp sau
*Ngi ln ra lnh cho ngi t tui hn.
i ng sm
Ko c v mun
*Gia nhng bn nam.trong trng hp ny , thng c s dng cu vn mm mi hn..
n nh mnh ngy mai nh
ng ung qu nhiu.
*khi cn thit ,khn cp.ko thi gian ni cu lch s,khi la li
chy
ng s dng thang my.
*s dng trong qun i,trong cc bng bo hiu.
ngh
ko ngh
chin u
ko c thua
4> X Y X c ngha l Y
Tachirikinshi c ngha l ko c vo
-du hiu ny c ngha l g?
N c ngha c th git bng my git
BI 34
Monday, 1. June 2009, 15:59:05
I-T MI:
nh rng
tp hp
gp, gy
bo hiu
t , thm vo
tm thy(cha kho)
mc, eo(c vt)
t cu hi
mng,gy
mp
l hi Bon
seatbelt-dy bo him
cu lc b th thao
ni tht
cha kho
sch hng dn
bn v
dng
mi tn
en
trng
xanh
xanh nc bin
mu vng
nu
nc tng
ti qua
mt xu trc y
II-NG PHP:
1>
VV
------------------------------->+V
N
Mu cu ny s dng khi bn mun ngi khc hnh ng ng theo nhng g bn lm hoc ng theo mt
khun mu no .
Vd
Hy lm nh ti lm

Hy vit nhng g ti ni
Hy ni cho chng ti ng nh nhng g bn nhn thy
Hy ct t giy theo dng k ny.

2>
V -------------------------------------->+V
N
Mu cu ny c s dng khi hnh ng V2 xy ran gay sau hnh ng V1.
.
Sau khi mua ci ng h mi,ti tm thy ci b mt
Sau gi lm vic chng ta kim cht g ung c ko?

3>
V1 V2
V1
Trong cu ny V1 l ng t c i km bi V2
Chng ti n cm vi nc tng
Chng ti n cm ko c nc tng
4>mu cu ny s dng khi ngi ni mun nhn mnh rng hnh ng 1 (V1) ko xy ra v hnh ng 2 (V2)xy
ra thay th.
V1 V2.
.
Ngy ch nht ,ti nh ngh thay v i ni no .
Bi 35
Saturday, 20. June 2009, 15:55:20
A-Th iu kin_
I/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th iu kin (_
*Vi ng t nhm I:Chuyn t ct sang ct , b v thm vo.
V d:
+------>
+-------->
+-------->
+-------->
+-------->
*Vi ng t nhm II: B v thay bng
V d:
+-------->
+-------->
*Vi ng t nhm III:
----------->
-------->
II/Vi tnh t v danh t
*Vi tnh t ui : Chuyn thnh
V d:
+------>
+------>
*Vi tnh t ui : B v thm
V d:
----->
----->
*Vi danh t: Ch vic thm
V d:
--------->
----->
B-Ng php
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(

A (
N(
-Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh thnh.
-V d:
+
Nu m c sch gii thch , th s hiu cch s dng

+
Nu m bi kim tra thnh cng th (ti) c th vo i hc.

+
Nu m quyn sch ny r th ti mua

+
Nu m hm nay bn th hy n vo ngy mai

+
Nu m rnh th hy gip ti.

+
Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
+
Nu m tri ma th ng git .
II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(V)
A A
A A
-Ng php:Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g y th cng lm sao y
-V d:
+
Cng s dng my tnh th cng gii

+
Cng mi th cng tin li.

+
Cng cay th cng ngon

+
Thao tc cng n gin th cng d hiu

+
V m cng xinh th cng lo lng:D .
Bi 36
Saturday, 20. June 2009, 16:03:44
I-T VNG
(tr chi)tham gia

nh my
tit kim
mp ln, tng cn
gim cn ,gy i
hn (
qun(phong tc)
rn, cng
mm
in
c th mang, em
nh my,nh xng
sc kho
kim o
mi tun
mi thng
mi nm
cui cng
kha kh
chc chn ,nht nh
tuyt i
gii ,thnh tho
cng cng tt
nhng ngy ny
mi
II-NG PHP
I>
V1 -------------- + V2.........
V1
Ch mc tiu t c 1 trng thi.
Trong mu cu ny V1 ch trng thi hay mc ch cn V2 ch mt hnh ng c ch. t c trng thi
V1 :
c th bi nhanh ,ti luyn tp hng ngy .
ko b qun ,ti lm mt cun lch cng tc.

II
V ------------------ +
V
Mu cu ny ch mt tnh trng m by gi mi c hoc ngy trc c nhng by gi ko cn.
Vd:
By gi ti mi c th ni ting nh
Cui cng ti cng bit i xe p
Khi bn gi ,bn s ko th c nhng con ch nh
Ti tng cn nn ti ko cn c th mc nhng b ti yu thch

III
V ------------+
V
mu cu trn c ngha l c gng sao cho
c gng lm 1 vic g thnh thi quen.
Ti c gng tp th dc hng ngy v n tht nhiu thc n.
Ti c gng ko n ngt bi v n ko tt cho rng

Khuyn ai c gng lm 1 vic g thnh thi quen
bn nn n nhiu rau vo.
Hy chc chn rng ngy mai anh s ko n mun
Bi 37
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:25:05
I-T vng
khen ngi
ry la,trch mng
nh thc ai dy
mi ai tham d
mi
nh,yu cu
cnh co,khuyn rn
cp git
dm ln
lm h,ph hu
lm d
nng
xut khu
nhp khu
dch
pht minh
khm ph
thit k ,k hoch
go
la m
du
vt liu th
ngy
tn trm k trm
cnh st
k s
nh khoa hc
hot ho
trn ton th gii
trn ,rng khp
bng,bi
may mn qu ha
cng ho Dominica
anh em nh Wright
Saudiaraba- rp x ut
II-Ng php
NG T B NG:
***V1( ) V( )
***V2V ( )
***V3--------->
---------->
Ch tt c ng t th b ng u l ng t thuc nhm II.Th nn khi chuyn sang cc th nh th
,ta chuyn nh ng t nhm II.
2>N1(person) N2(person) Vb ng
Khi hnh ng ca N2 trc tip ti N1.Trong trng hp ny ,N1 l ti ca cu.N2 i cng vi v ng t
dng b ng c s dng.
Ti c khen bi thy gio.
Ti c m nh i mua hng.
.
Ti b cn bi con ch.
3> N1(person) N2(person) N3 Vb ng.
Khi hnh ng ca N2 c nh hng trc tip ti mt vt thuc v N1 v N1 cm thy tic hoc rc ri,N1 s
dng mu cu ny din t cm xc ca mnh.
My tnh ca ti b h bi em ti.
Cnh tay ti b cn bi con ch.
N(thing)/ Vb ng.
Khi bn cn nhc n ngi -ch th ca yhnh ng.bn c th a vt ln lm ch ng .trong trng hp ny ,
ng t b ng c s dng.
Xe hi ca Nht Bn c xut khu ra khp th gii .
Mt hi ngh c t chc ti KoBe.

5>N1 N2(person) Vb ng
Khi mt vt c khm phm ,sng to bi 1 ai .Ta dng mu cu ny vi sau danh t ch ngi thay
cho . ng t ch yu i cng mu cu ny l:
The Tale of Genjidc vit bi Murasaki shikibu
in thoi c pht minh bi nh bc hc Bell

6>N /N .
Khi mt vt no c lm t vt liu no. Vt liu c gn cng . Khi vt liu c th nhn bng mt (t
sn phm)vt liu c gn cng
.
Bia c lm t la mch
.
Nh Nht c lm t g.
Bi 38
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:34:11
I-T vng
nui dy,nui ln
vn chuyn,mang vc
ht , qua
nhp vin
ra vin
bt,m(cng tc in)
tt(cng tc in)
kho
tm trng vui v,d chu

tm trng bun bc,kh chu
rng,ln
nh,hp
a b
trng tiu hc
trng trung hc
khu vc ng trc nh ga
bi bin
li ni di
giy t ,ti liu
cng tc in
sn xut --Oops,oh khng
xin li(i trc)( )
l k nim v b bom xung Hiroshima
II-Ng php
TRONG MU NG PHP BI NY,CC BN S C HC CCH CHUYN MT CM T HAY
MT CU SANG DANH T C TH LM CH NG TRONG CU MI.
Vth ngn gn
A( )th ngn gn
A()th ngn gn()
Nth ngn gn() +
VD:
:
chi tennis th tht l th v
Chm sc cy th ti rt thch
ti qun mt chuyn ng ca xe ri
Anh c bit chuyn anh Suzuki s t chc m ci vo thng ti
Con gi ti c sinh 1 th trn nh Hockaido
12
Trong nm, thng bn nht l thng 12
Bi 39
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:45:59
I-T vng
tr li(cu hi)(
v,sp (to nh) ()
chy
(nh)chy
(bnh m)nng
(tht)nng
vt qua(1 on ng di)
cht
b ngc nhin
b tht vng
cm thy an ton,bnh yn
n mun
ri(cng s ay trng hc)sm hn thng l
ly hn
trc tr,phc tp
cn tr ,gy nn s cn tr
bn ,d
vui v hnh phc

bun
bi ri,xu h
ng t
bo
ho hon
tai nn
mc tm bn (kt hn)qua bo
cc ph in thoi
quy tip tn
m hi
khn lau khn tm
x bng
s lng ln
Cm n anhv lm vic chm ch.
II-Ng php
I> V
V
A
A
Trong mu cu ny ,v u ca cu s l mt nguyn nhn v v sau din gii t nguyn nhn .Ko ging vi
-bn hc trong bi 9,mu cu ny c phm vi s dng rng hn.
1> Trong v sau ca cu ko s dng ng t ch
*Nhng ng,tnh t mang sc thi biu cm.
ti rt ngc nhin khi nghe tin
khng gp gia nh ti rt nh.

*ng t kh nng v ng t thng cng c s dng.
th by th ti li bn,nn ti khng i c
cu chuyn kh phc tpnn ti khng hiu n lm.

*Tnh hung trong qu kh.
Xe but b kt bi 1 tai nn
Ti n mun nn b thy qu trch

Nhng ng t ch ko dng vi mu cu ny v ta dng thay th.
Trong mu cu ny ,v trc v v sau l nhng s kin lin tip .
Ngy mai s t chc cuc hp nn chng ti phi chun b t hm nay.

II>N
Trng t bn hc trong bi ny s c ngha l [v]
Bi v ng t nn to nh b .
III>
Vth ngn gn
Ath ngn gn----------------------------------------------+
Ath ngn gn
N th ngn gn
din t nguyn nhn ,l do..s dng lm cho cu ni mm mi hn,thng c s dng din t l do 1

cch lch s,hoc hi xin php
ti ko hiu ting nht nn lm n hy ni ting anh
ti c cng chuyn nn ti c th v c khng
Bi 40
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:59:48
I-T vng
m
o ,cn
khng nh ,chc chn
hp ,va kht
khi hnh ,bt u i
n ni
say xn
nguy him
cn thit
khng gian ,v tr
tri t
ba tic cui nm,tt nin
ba tic u nm ,tn nin
ba tic th 2
hi ngh
maratng
cuc u tranh,cnh tranh
trc mt
sau lng
phc p
n xinvic
s tht
li - sai
vt thng
qun di
chiu di
cn nng
chiu cao
kch c
chuyn bay s-
chuyn tu s-
n v m nhng vt nh
-
n v m nhng vt di
-
n v m nhng vt nh cc ly
-
kilogam
-
gram
-
centimet
-
milimet
-
khng t hn
ah ti coi(1 cu cm thn )
Vincent Van Gogh(ho s ngi H Lan ni ting)
khng nhiu hn
II-Ng php
I> Nghi vn
Vngn gn
A( )ngn gn---------------------------- + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A()ngn gn ( b )
N ngn gn(b)
Mt cu hi vi t nghi vn c s dng nh 1 thnh phn cu trong mu cu ny.
JL107
Hy kim tra xem my gi th chuyn JL107 s n
Chng ti ang ni chuyn v vic s tng g lm qu ci
Bn c nh ln u tin chng ta gp nhau l khi no khng.

II>
V ngn gn
A( )ngn gn
A( )ngn gn ( b )------------------------ + ~~~~~~~~~~
N ngn gn(b
Mt cu hi khng c t nghi vn c s dng nh 1 thnh phn ca cu trong mu cu ny.ch rng
l lun cn thit i sau th ngn gn
Hy tr li trc ngy 20 liu anh c tham d ba tic cui nm c hay khng?
Ti khng bit liu cu chuyn c tht hay khng
Hy kim tra xem c li hay khng
III>
V .
Mu cu ny c s dng din t s biu th hnh ng nh 1 s c gng ,th nghim.
Ti s ngh v chuyn 1 ln na
Ti mun nhn tri t t trn khng gian
Ti c th th ci qun ny c khng
Bi 41
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 07:35:08
I-T vng
nhn(lch s)
cho(lch s)
cho(ni vi ngi nh tui hn,hoc di quyn)
mi,gi
trao i
i x t t vi
d thng
mn qu
din t s cm thng.(mn qu an i cho ngi bnh)

s quan tm ,nim am m
thng tin
ng php
s pht m
con kh
thc n cho th
chi
sch hot ha
thip (c hnh v)
ci t vt
khn tay
tt ,v
gng tay
nhn
ti, cp
ng(ca mnh)
b (ca mnh)
chu
ch ,bc (ca mnh)
ch bc (ca ngi khc)
d(ca mnh)
d(ca ngi khc)
nm kia
II-Ng php
Trong bi 7 v 24 bn hc cch th hin s cho v nhn vt g, hoc mt hnh ng. Trong bi ny cc bn s
hc mt cch din t khc v s cho v nhn, nhng c cp n mi quan h gia ngi cho v ngi nhn.
*Ch :y l 1 phm tr rt kh nh. Ti hc sang trung cp nhng vn qun.
I.> N N
Khi ngi nhn l mt ngi c vai v thp hn, hoc l con vt ,cy ci. c s dng. Tuy nhin ,khi
ngi nhn l ngi trong gia nh, hoc quen bit thn tnh th thng c s dng trong ting nht
hin hnh.
*Ti cho con trai ti vi ci ko
nu dng trong trng hp ny cng ng, nhng t c
dng)
*Ti cho con ch n
II> N N
Khi chnh ngi ni nhn c mt vt t mt ngi c a v cao hn
*ti nhn c qu t tay trng phng
III>[]N
Khi ngi a v cao hn cho ngi ni mt ci g . thay th cho
Ngai gim c cho ti mt mn qu lu nim.

*ch : cng c s dng khi ngi nhn l 1 thnh vin trong gia nh ngi ni.
Ngi gim c cho con gi ti mt mn qu lu nim.

**CHO V NHN HNH NG, VIC LM
vn c s dng vi ngha tng t, xem k nhng v d sau.
I> V
Ti lm cho con trai ti ci tu bay giy.
Ti dt con ch i do
Ti kim tra bi tp v nh cho con gi ti
II> V
Ti c trng phng sa li sai trong l th.
III> V
V gim c dy ti ch pha tr
Ngi gim c a ti n nh ga
Ngi gim c sa li sai bn bo co ca ti

IV> V
l mt cch ni lch s ,din t 1 yu cu.tuy nhin ,n t lch s hn
Lm n ch cho ti cch s dng my Photocopy.

V> N V
mang ngha [nh l,thay cho,vi chc nng]
anh Tanaka tng ti ci a ny nh mn qua ci vy.
ti mua mt con bp b nh mt mn qu lu nim cho chuyn i ti hokkaido
Bi 42
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 07:51:40
I-T vng
gi, bc
si luc
trn ,pha ln
tnh ton
dy
mng
lut s
nh son nhc
bn tr con
2 ngi ,1 i
gio dc
lch s
vn ho
x hi
lut php
chin tranh
ho bnh
mc ch
an ton
lut ,l thuyt
mi quan h
s pha trn
m un nc
ci nt chai
ci m chai
thc n ng hp
o khoc ngoi
bn tnh
nhit k
nguyn vt liu
kim t thp
d liu
tp tin
c gng
ti sao
lin hp quc
th gi Elize
beethoven
phn lan
II-Ng php
1>
V(---------------- : , cho,v
N()
Mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch.
Vd:
Ti dnh gim tin m mt ca hng ca ring mnh
Ti s thu mt ci xe cho vic chuyn nh
V sc kho ca mnh,ti chy b mi sng.
Ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh
Ch : bn hc bi 36 cng din t mt mc ch nhng khng s dng vi ng t th ch.
Vi mu cu 1 c th i cng ng t th ch.
Vd:
*
ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)
2>
V------------------- + : cho,dng
N
Vd:
Ci ko ny dng ct hoa
Ci cp ny to tht ,thun tin i du lch
Ti mt nhiu thi gian cho vic tm s in thoi
3>
S lng
Khi nhc n s lng, mo t ch s lng nh nht cn thit.
Vd :
Nht bn,bn cn t nht 2 triu yn t chc m ci

s lng
Khi nhc n s lng, mo t din t suy ngh ca ngi ni cho rng s lng c ni n l nhiu
Vd:
Bn c cn ti 30 triu yn xy mt ngi nh khng?
Bi 43
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 08:11:49
I-T vng
tng
gim
tng (gi c)
h(gi c)
ct
ln
xung
mt ht,cn
mnh kho
khc l
hnh phc
ngt
nht
bun ,khng th v
ga ,xng
la
hi nng ,sc nng
s iu ho khng kh
cm gic ,cm nhn
bt c khi no
II-Ng php
A> Trng ging nh,c v nh
V----------------------------- +
Ab()
A() b
Mu cu ny c dng khi bn nhn thy 1 s vt dn n 1 lin tng, gi nh. S nhn nh ny da trn b
ngoi ca vt, hoc ngi.
1>
V
Khi thi im hin ti, ngi ni d on trc 1 s vic sp xy ra, ngi ni c th dng mu cu ny.
,thng i cng mu cu ny.
Vd
Tri c v ma ngay by gi
C v nh chng ta ht giu gi u ri.
C v nh hoa anh o sp n ri.
T gi tr i, c v tri s lnh.
2>
Ab -----------------
A()b
Mu cu ny c ngha l mc d iu ny khng c chng thc nh mt s tht, nhng n din t ging nh b
ngoi ca s vt.
Vd:
C y nhn c v thng minh
Ci bn ny nhn c v chc v bn .
Anh Mira nhn c v hnh phc..

B>
V
Mu cu ny c ngha rng (i u , lm vic g v quay tr li)
vd :
Ti ch i ra ngoi mua thuc l(v quay tr li)
Ti i siu th mua mt t sa (v quay tr li)

N(place)
Mu cu ny c ngha i n ni no v quay li. c s dng khi bn khng mun nhn mnh bn lm g
ni bn n
Vd:
Ti i n bu in(v quay tr li)

Mu cu ny c ngha l bn i ra ngoi v quay tr li. c s dng khi bn khng mun nhn mnh c ni
chn cng nh vic bn lm.
Vd :
Ti i ra ngoi mt cht(v quay tr li)
Bi 44
Friday, 17. July 2009, 13:45:54
I-T vng
khc
ci, mm ci
hong kh, lau kh
b m, lm m
trt
xy ra
xp sp, iu chnh
an ton
lch s
nh
mn , m c
nht
khng kh
nc mt
a kiu nht bn
a kiu chu u
a phng
s lng
i, hai
mt na /td>
phng n
phng 2
ngn ko
git
l do
II-Ng php
1>
V
Ab------------------------------+:qu nhiu
A()b
din t mc ca hnh ng l qu mc
Vd
Ti qua, ti ung qu nhiu ru.
Ci o rt ny qu rng vi ti.
c xp vo ng t nhm II, v th khi chuyn sang cc dng khc, ta cng tun theo quy tc ca
ng t nhm II
D bn thch loi ru th no i na, th ung qu nhiu cng khng tt cho c th.

2>
V---------------+ : Lm vic g d dng
V---------------+ : Lm vic g kh
Vd
Ci my vi tnh ny c nhn ny th s dng d dng.
Tht l kh sng tokyo
Chic o trng th d bm bn
c kh kh trong nhng ngy ma gi.
Nu bn cho thm mt t nc nng vo thuc ny, n s d ung hn rt nhiu.
Chic ly rt kh v, v vy n rt an ton.
3>
Ab thm
Ab thm ------------------
N
Mu cu ny c s dng khi mt ai lm s vic g n 1 tnh trng c nh chc chn.
Ti m ln m thanh
Ti s lau sch phng
Ti gim bt xung cn mt na s lung mui .

N
din t mt quet nh hay 1 la chn.
Bn mun chn phng n hay phng i.
Ti s t cha kho cho cuc hp ngy mai.

5>
Ab thm --------------------+ V
Ab thm --------------------+ V
y l cch chuyn tnh t sang trng t.
Hy ct rau thnh nhng ming nh.
Hy s dng in v nc mt cch thn trng
Bi 45
Friday, 17. July 2009, 13:58:42
I-T vng
II-Ng php
1>
V
xin li
chng kin(s c)
tin tng
chun b
hu b, xo b
thnh cng
ha, bo m, cam oan
cng thc, ho n
qu gi
in thoi gi nhm s
tri,ni cm tri
nhn vin bu chnh
s gin on
im
cp bc
ho n
n i, mt cch ng n, hp thc
t nhin
ch i, mong ch
n c ri
V
V()------------------- :Nu
A()
A
N
Mu cu ny dng din t 1 tnh hung gi thuyt.
Vd
Nu bn hkng n kp cuc hp hy thng bo vi chng ti.
Nu bn n tr, bn s khng c vo phng hp.
Trong trng hp, my fax khng lm vic, ti phi lm sao.
Nu bn cn cng thc, hy ni vi nhn vin.
Trong trng hp c ho hon hoc ng t, khng c dng thang my.

2>
V th ngn gn
A () th ngn gn
A th ngn gn ------------------------ : Mc d
N
Mu cu ny s dng khi v th 2 tri ngc vi v th nht.
Vd
C y khng n mc d c y ha.
Mc d hm nay l ch nht, ti vn phi i lm.

Ch :s khc nhau gia vi /
Phng ti nh nhng sch.

.*
D cho ngy mai c ma, ti vn i ra ngoi.
/ kt hp mt cch n gin gia 2 mnh khc nhau v mnh th 2 khng miu t mt kt qu
khng mong i, mang tnh bt ng. Trong v d *, mnh th nht cp n 1 kh nng, ch c th ch
1 u xy ra trong thc t.
Bi 46
Friday, 17. July 2009, 14:10:55
I-T vng
Chy ,Nng
Trao tay
Tr v
(Xe but)ri, khi hnh

vng mt
dch v chuyn pht nhanh
nguyn nhn
tim phng
s ngon ming
sch mng, t truyn n
m thanh STEREO
v pha ti
khu vc xung quanh
mi ch ,mt cch chnh xc
va mi
by gi ti lm phin bn c khng
II-Ng php
A>
V
V- form ----------------------------
V- form
: c ngha l ni chn nhng trong bi hc ny n thng c s dng nhn mnh 1 thi im c th
trong tin trnh ca hnh ng.
1> V
Mu cu ny dng ni rng 1 ngi nh lm vic g hoc 1 vic g chun b c lm .n thng c i
km vi lm ngha r hn.
Bn n cm tra cha?
Cha, by gi ti mi n
Cuc hp bt u cha
Cha, n mi sp bt u thi.
V
Mu cu ny din t 1 ngi ang lm vic g. Thng i km vi
Anh c bit nguyn nhn hng hc khng?
Cha ,chng ti ang iu tra
Ch : mu cu ny din t 1 vic ang lm nh V nhng trong mu cu ny c hm rng cng vic c

nhiu giai on v thi im ni, cng vic ang 1 trongnhng giai on ni trn.
3>V
Mu cu ny ni rng 1 ngi va hon thnh xong 1 cng vic. N thng c i km vi (ngay va
ri)
*C watanabe c y ch ?
Ah,c y va ri khi y

C th c y vn gn khu vc tang my
*Xe but va ri bn
B>V
Mu cu ny din t rng hnh ng xy ra cch y khng lu.n din t cm xc ca ngi ni th nn cng c
th ni n 1 khong thi gian thc s di nhng nu ngi ni cm thy ngn.
*Ti n tra cch y khng lu
*C kimura vo cng ty mi c 1 thng
*ti mi mua u video ny tun trc nhng n h ri
C>
V
V
A()-----------------------------------
A
N
Ngi ni s dng mu cu ny khi ngi ni b thuyt phc bi nhng g xy ra trc . Bng cch s dng
mu cu ny, ngi ni nhn mnh rng h c nh nh vy, l cch phn xt ca h v h thc s chc chn l
vy.
*Bn ngh ngy mai ng Miller c ti khng?
Ti chc l ng y s ti .ti nhn c in ca ng ta ngy hm qua m.
Bi 47
Saturday, 25. July 2009, 08:56:17
I-T vng
t tp
xa la, chia r
sng th
/ nghe thy m thanh, ting ng
nm thy v
ngi thy mi
ln, gi ln, ko ra
khng khip
kinh khng
d bo thi tit
thng bo, pht biu
s th nghim
dn s
mi
khoa hc
y hc
vn hc
xe tun tra, xe cnh st
xe cu thng

s cho php
s tri ngc
nam gii
n gii
theo nh~
~
I-Ng php
I> Th ngn gn Nghe thy l,hnh nh l
Din t 1 thng tin bn t c t mt ngun thng tin no ,khng phi l quanim ca bn,ngun thng tin
cc ikm vi (theo nh)
Vd
Theo d bo thi tit th hnh nh ngy mai tri s lnh.
Ti nghe thy l Klara tng sng php khi c y cn tr
Ti nghe ni l Bali rt p
C v nh tri sp ma.
Ch : mu cu trc ny c th nhm ln vi V b trong bi 43.
II>
V th ngn gn
A th ngn gn hnh nh l
A th ngn gn
N th ngn gn
Mu cu ny truyn t s phng on ca ngi ni t 1 thng tin m ngi ni c c t cm tnh hoc da
trn s hiu bit ca ngi ni.
Trong mu cu ny, i khi thng i km cng din t s khng chc chn ca ngi ni.
Vd:
Nhn ka,c 1 m ng t tp.
Dng nh c 1 tai nn th phi ,c xe tun tra v xe cu1 thong na.
Ti b ho v au u .c l ti b cm lnh ri.
III> ///
Bu cu ny din t nhng iu c th nhn thc c hoc cm gic c
Ti nghe thy c m thanh l
Bi 48
Saturday, 25. July 2009, 09:02:23
I-T vng
T XUNG
TNG THUT LI
QUAN TM , CHM SC
KH CHU
NGHIM KHC
TRNG NH
THI GIAN BIU
HC SINH
NGI
VN PHNG NC NGOI
CP LI VISA
T DO
CHO
RT TT
bn ang bn (s dng khi hi ngi nh tui hn,hoc tr con)
sau 1 thi giandi
bun bn
cho n thi im
n ri, khng vn g
vui v
II-Ng php
1>ng t th sai khin:
nhm I:
V(Vb
nhm II:
V(II) b
nhm III
tt c cc ng t th sai khin u l ng t nhm II.cho nn khi chuyn sang dng thc V V

chng u theo quy lut ca ng t nhm II.
2> C 2 cch s dng vi ng t sai khin.mt ch ch th ca hnh ng,i vi mt ch chnh hnh
ng hnh ng i vi .khi ng t l ni ng t(khng cn b ng), c s dng. c s dng khi
khng quan tm n ch th ca ng t.
*N(ngi) V(ni ng t)th sai khin
VD:
Gim c bo anh Kato i cng tc Osaka
.
Ti cho con gi ti vui chi mt cch t do
.
*N(ngi ) N V sai khin
VD:
Ti bn vo bui sng nn ti d con gi ti ph gip chun b ba sng

C gio hc sinh t do ni ln kin ca mnh.
3>Cch s dng ng t th sai khin

ng t th sai khin din t 1 s p buc hoc 1 s cho php.s dng khi quan h gia ngi ni v ngi nghe
l rt gn gi.
VD
Khi no anh ti nh ga,hy gi in cho ti.
Ti s c nhn vin ca mnh n n anh.
Ti hiu ri.
4>V(saikhin):lm n hy cho ti lm.S dng mu cu ny xin s cho php.
Bi v ti s i d m ci bn,ti c th v sm c khng
Bi 49
Saturday, 1. August 2009, 08:31:22
A-T vng
lm vic[ti cng ty]
(,,)
()
()
()
()
ngh
ngi [xung gh]
tri qua, sng

gh vo [ngn hng]
i, n, (lch s)
n, ung(lch s)
ni(lch s)
lm(knh ng)
xem(lch s)
s hiu bit
li cho
gt tn
l qun, ch tr cho khch du lch
hi trng
im xe but
mu dch, thng mi
~ngi
khngmt cht g
thnh thong, i khi, t khi
khng khch so, khng ngi ngng, khng d dt
xin li
trng tiu hc Hoa hng dng
B -Ng php
I)Th knh ng
Chng ta s hc th knh ng () bi 49 v 50. Th knh ng c dng by t s knh trng ca ngi
ni vi ngi nghe ho c vi ngi th ba c nhc ti khi h i thoi. S knh trng ny ph thu c vo mi
quan h ca ngi ni vi ngi nghe ho c vi ngi th ba. Quyt nh c dng th knh ng hay khng ph
thu c vo ba yu t sau y:
(1) Trong mi quan h x h i, khi ngi ni l ngi di anh (ch) ta s dng th knh ng biu l s tn
trng i vi ngi trn.
(2) Khi ngi ni l ngi khng c mi quan h ba quen bit vi ngi nghe th ln ni chuy n u tin
thng thng th knh ng s c s dng th hi n s knh trng, lch s
(3) Mi quan h ngi nh / ngi ngoi. Khi ni m ngi nh phi c hiu r ng theo ngha ngi trong
m t nhm no y. V d ngi trong m t gia nh, ngi trong m t cng ty etc. Khi ngi ni ni vi ngi
ngoi v m t ngi nh no y ca mnh th cho d ngi nh c l ngi trn th ngi ni cng khng
dng th knh ng biu th s knh trng bi v lc ny ngi nh c coi nh l chnh ngi ni v y.
Khi ni m
ngi nh ng thi cng phi c hiu m t cch linh hot. Ly v d nu A ni vi B v C (l
thy gio ca A), A v B cng trng nhng khc phng nghin cu th C l ngi nh m B l ngi ngoi.
Nhng nu A ni D (m t hc sinh khc trng) th lc ny B cng tr thnh ngi nh ca A.
Rt c th, vi c hiu ngi nh hay khng cn ph thu c vo ch ca cu c ni chuy n na. Ly v d u,

nu cu chuy n ca A xoay xung quanh vi c thy gio n chi nh th lc ny c l thy gio cng c coi l
ngi ngoi v vi c s dng knh ng l hon ton c th.
II. Cc loi th knh ng
Th knh ng c chia thnh ba loi:
+-------------: th l php
+-------------: th khim nhng
+-------------: th lch s
bi 49 ny chng ta hc th l php.
III. Th l php
1)Chia ng t th l php: Cch chia ging vi cch chia ng t b ng.Chng u l cc ng t nhm II.
ng Nakamura s n y lc 7 h.
Anh b ru ri cha?
a) V -form
Mu cu ny c coi l cn lch s hn c th l php trn.
Ch rng nhng ng t form c m t m tit ( vv) ho c ng t nhm III khng dng
c mu ny. Cc ng t c th lch s tng ng cng khng dng mu ny m dng th tng ng .
VD:
Ngi ch tch v ri.

b)Cc ng t c th lch s tng ng
V ------------------------------------->
, , ---------------->
, ---------------------->
------------------------------->
--------------------------->
--------------------------------->
--------------------------------->
-------------------------------->
VD:
Professor Watt ang trong phng lm vi c.
Xin mi dng ba (Xin hy t nhin).

Ch nhng ng t nh , , l nhng ng t nhm I nhng
ngoi th form ra, khi chuyn sang th khc chng phi c chuyn thnh hng- trc.
V d:
c) Th lch s ny c dng khi mun ch dn ho c mi ai lm g.

vd:
Xin mi vo t kia .
Ch : Nhng ng t phn 1.b) khng dng c mu ny ngoi tr v .
Chng ln lt c chuyn thnh v .
2) Danh t, tnh t, trng t
Bn cnh ng t, m t vi danh t, tnh t, trng t cng c th chuyn thnh th l php () bng cch
thm tip u ng ho c . Vi c thm hay ph thu c vo t cn thm. Thng thng ta thm khi t l
gc Nh t v thm khi t l gc Trung.
V d cc t thm
(Danh t)
(tnh t )
(tnh t )
V d cc t thm
(Danh t)
(tnh t )
(tnh t )
IV. v dng cu
Th l php c th dng dng plain form khi ngi ni v ngi nghe l bn b, v ni ti ngi th ba vi
lng knh trng.
V d:
?
Tng gim c my gi th n nh?
V. Tnh ng nht trong cc cu th l php
Khi th hi n s l php vi c ch i m t vi ch theo kiu l khng . Phi i ton b sang th l php
gi tnh ng nht ca cu.
V d:
V ca tng gim c cng i chi golf y.

Trong v d trn c dng thay v c dng thay ng nht vi
th l php ca l .
VI.
Ta i V form thnh V form khi mun ni m t cch cc k lch s. Trong m t cu th l php
() hay c s dng m bo tnh nht qun.
V d:
Bi 50
Sunday, 2. August 2009, 09:17:25
A-T vng
i
c,
n, ung, nhn
ni l, gi l
lm
xem, chime ngng(khim nhng)
bit n
hi, nghe
gp g, ng u
ti
hng dn vin
ng, b, ngi (trnh trng)
ngoi , ngoi thnh
album ca nhc
tun sau na
thng sau na
nm sau na
na nm
u tin, trc ht, mi u
rt cuc
ti v y
B-Ng php
I. Th khim nhng ()
Th khim nhng c dng khi ngi ni t khim nhng bn thn ho c cc hnh ng ca bn thn
th hi n s knh trng i vi ngi nghe ho c vi ngi th ba c nhc n trong cu c h i thoi. S knh
trng thng hng ti ngi trn trong x h i ho c vi ngi ngoi (Xem li nh ngha bi bi 49). Th
khim nhng cng c dng khi ni v ngi nh b trn (b hn ch th ).
1)
1.1)
VD:
a.
N c v n ng y. Ti gip bn nng n ln nh.
b.
Ti s ni vi tng gim c v lch trnh lm vi c.
c.
Anh trai ti s a bn i bng t.
Trong v d a v b, ngi ni th hi n s knh trng i vi ngi nghe (v d a) ho c i vi ngi th ba (v
d b) bng cch ni m t cch khim nhng v hnh ng ca mnh. v d ba, hnh ng c th hi n bng
m t ngi nh ch khng phi ngi ni.
Ch rng mu cu ny khng thch hp vi ng t m t m tit nh ho c .
1.2)
VD:
d. Ti s hng dn cc bn i tham quan vi n bo tng Edo Tokyo.
e. Ti s gii thch lch trnh ngy hm nay.

Mu cu ny dng cho cc ng t nhm III. Ngoi nhng ng t trong cc v d trn, cc ng t ng ti
mi giao thi p vi ngi nghe chng hn (gii thi u)(chiu i, mi)v
(lin lc) l c th c dng. (gi i n) v (ha) l nhng ngoi l khi dng tip u
ng ch khng phi .
Ch : Mu cu trong v d a v b ch c th dng vi cc hnh n g bao hm ngi khc bn cnh ngi to ra
hnh ng y. Do n s khng c dng nu hnh ng khng bao hm ngi no khc ngoi ngi ni.
V d:
X
V d trn l sai.
2)Cc ng t khim nhng c bi t
V ----------------------------------------------->
--------------------------------------->
------------------------------------------>
--------------------------------------->
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----------------------------------------->
------------------------------------------->
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b) Khi hnh ng ca ngi ni c bao hm c ngi nghe ho c ngi th ba
vd:
Ti g p v tng gim c.
Ngy mai ai s n gip ti m t tay no?Ti s n.

c) Khi hnh ng ca ngi ni khng bao hm c ngi nghe ho c ngi th ba
vd:
Tn ti l Miller.
Ti n t nc M.
II. Th lch s ()
Th lch s c dng khi ngi ni mun by t s knh trng vi ngi nghe.

1) l th lch s ca .
vd:
i n thoi bn cnh b c cu thang y .

2):l th lch s ca .
vd:
IMC
Xin cho, y l IMC.
Ti l Schimidt ca Power Electric. Ti c th ni chuy n vi ng Miller c khng .

3): l th lch s ca .
vd:
Anh mun ung g .
Lm n cho ly c f.
Ti c th ly m t cun pamphlet c khng .

50 Lesson Mina No Nihongo

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50 Lesson Mina No Nihongo

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Bai1

* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE ca ting

<honnokimochidesu> y l cht lng thnh

a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi vt xa ngi tr li

<Satou san wa soko desu.>

<Shokudou wa ashoko desu.>

<ROBI- wa doko desuka>(i snh u?)

<Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu.>

<Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu.>

<Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka>

<kono tokei wa doko no desuka>(ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)

<sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu.>( l ng h Thu S)

<RESUTORAN wa nangai desuka>( nh hng tng my?)

<RESUTORAN wa gokai desu.>( nh hng tng nm)

<kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka>( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)

watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )

watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

- yasumimasu : ngh ngi

watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )

watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )

<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

(B ang lm g cng vin vy ?)

Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.

<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>

<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

<iie, mada desu>

<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

<hai, mou tabemashita>

<iie, mada desu>

b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t + <ja arimasen>

3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>

<atatakai> : (kh hu) m p

<tsuri> : cu, vic cu c

Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .

<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)

3)ng t nhm III

(Khng, khng c ma)

T bi ny, Mnh s nh thm kanji ca t vng vo v nhm ca cc ng t (I,II,III).

- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nnkhi vit phi vit ch

I <norimasu> : bc ln (xe, tu)

<doushimashita ka> : ng b sao vy ?

i vi cc ng t nhm II ch cn b <masu> thm <nai>.

- Cu trn chuyn i a danh t ra trc nhm nhn mnh s vic.

<jishokei> (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l th nguyn mu ca mi ng

<kanpai> : ting h khi cng ly

<kono aida> : gn y, hm ri, hm trc

V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>

I/Mu cu: Ti ngh l.....

Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.

Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.

Hm nay tri nng nh.

Th su c ngh c phi khng?

**Mnh quan h**

--> H Ngi ang eo knh l H

Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm

Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.

Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.

Mnh quan h