TRNG I HC TR VINH

KHOA HA HC NG DNG
----------

BO CO THC HNH

VT LIU POLYMER V CNG

NGH X L NC
Ngi hng dn:
Kin Th Thy Linh

Sinh vin thc hin: Nhm 2

Bi Dng Ho
Nguyn Trng Hu
Nguyn Vn Khang
Cao Th Nh
L Th Kim Thoa
Nguyn Hu Nht Tho

Tr Vinh, 30 /8/2014

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

NHN XT
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Tr Vinh, ngy

thng

nm 2014

Ngi hng dn

Kin Th Thy Linh

Ngi hng dn:
Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

X L NC BNG PHNG
PHP KEO T TO BNG
TP ON M LAN
A. Gii thiu

Th mnh ca Tp on chuyn sn xut bn km cht lng cao, cung ng cho

c th trng ni a v quc t. Cng ty Sn xut Vt t Ngnh in M Lan
(MPM) l cng ty c quyn v lnh vc sn xut bn km nhit CTP s dng
trong ngnh in k thut s Vit Nam.
V th, trong nc thi ca Tp on M Lan cha hm lng ln cc ion
Al3+, Zn2+, v cc tp cht khc.
Ngi hng dn:
Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

Tuy nc thi ca Tp on khng c hi so vi cc ngnh cng nghip khc

nhng vn cha tiu chun thi ra ngun tip nhn. Vi vy, quy trnh x l
nc l khng th thiu.

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

Sau y l mt m hnh x l nc thi cng nghip theo QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT:

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

B. Qu trnh keo t - to bng

Qu trnh keo t to bng gm 2 qu trnh chnh:
Qu trnh keo t : da trn c ch ph bn ht keo.
Qu trnh to bng : tip xc /kt dnh gia c ht keo b ph bn.
I. Qu trnh keo t
X l bng phng php keo t l cho vo trong nc mt loi ha cht gi l
cht keo t c th lm cho cc ht rt nh bin thnh nhng ht ln lng
xung.
Nhng cht keo t thng dng nht l cc mui nhm v mui st nh:
Mui nhm: Al2(SO4)3, Al2(SO4)3.18H2O, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O,
Mui st: FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3.2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O,
1. Phn nhm
Phn nhm l loi ha cht keo t tham gia vo qu trnh keo t nhm lm kt
dnh cc ht keo l lng trong nc thnh cc ht cn ln ln hn c th loi
b ti b lng.
Al3+ + 3H2O = Al(OH)3 + 3H+
Vng pH ti u t 4.5 6

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Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

u im ca phn nhm:
Phn nhm c nng lc keo t cao trong s cc mui t c hi
Phn nhm t c c sn trn th trng, chi ph s dng thp
D dng kim sot trong qu trnh keo t

Nhc im ca phn nhm

Lm pH gim, do khi s dng phn nhm phi s dng thm xt
NaOH lm tng pH.
Khi s dng phn nhm cn tnh ton k lng sao cho va lng
phn cho nc cn keo t, khi cho qu lng phn hin tng keo t b
ph hy, khng c tc dng na.
Phi s dng thm mt s cht tr keo t v tr lng khi dng phn
nhm gip cho qu trnh keo t hiu qu hn, dn n chi ph tng
ln.
Hm lng nhm trong nc c th ln hn tiu chun (0,2mg/l).
Kh nng loi b cc cht hu c tan v khng tan cng cc kim loi
nng thng hn ch.
2. Phn st
Fe3+ + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3H+
Phn st (III) khi thu phn t b nh hng ca nhit .
Vng pH ti u: 4 8.5

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh

SVTH
Nhm 2

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

u im ca phn st
Liu lng phn st (III) dng kt ta ch bng 1/3 1/2 liu lng
phn nhm.
Phn st t b nh hng ca nhit v gii hn pH rng.
Nhc im ca phn st
n mn ng ng mnh hn phn nhm (v trong qu trnh phn ng
to ra axit).
Chng to thnh cc phc ha tan nhm mu qua phn ng ca cc
cation st vi mt s hp cht hu c.

II. Qu trnh to bng

Qu trnh to bng thc hin theo c ch hp ph to cu ni: cc polymer
v c hoc hu c c th ion ho, nh cu trc mch di chng to ra cu ni
gia cc ht keo qua cc bc sau:
Phn tn polymer.
Vn chuyn polymer n b mt ht
Hp ph polymer ln b mt ht. - Lin kt gia cc ht hp ph
polymer vi nhau hoc vi cc ht khc.

Ngi hng dn:

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2

10

SVTH
Nhm

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
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Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

1. Tng hp polymer to bng

2. S dng polymer PAM (cht tr lng)
Cht tr lng PAM l loi polymer tan trong nc c hnh thnh t
acrylamide (hp cht c cng thc phn t C3H5NO).

PAM c s dng tng nht cho nc v h tr keo t to bng.

PAM c s dng trong x l nc thi vi vai tr l cht h tr qu
trnh keo t cc ht cn l lng trong nc thi. Ngoi ra PAM cn kt
hp nc to thnh hydroxit khng ha tan khi kt ta chng lin kt
li vi nhau to thnh cc mt li gi cc ht keo nh thnh cc ht
cn c kch thc ln hn.
C 4 loi PAM:
PAM Anionic: x l nc thi c c, hm lng ion kim loi
cao pH > 7.
PAM Cationic: x l nc thi c hm lng ion cht hu c cao
pH < 7.
PAM Non-ionic: tch hn hp cht hu c v v c.
PAM ion lng tnh c s dng khi nc rt kh x l: cng
nghip ha cht v sn xut giy.
CCH S DNG PAM
Ngi hng dn:
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2

11

SVTH
Nhm

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Khoa Ha Hc ng Dng

Bo co thc hnh ha phn tch 2

T l PAM trong nc l 0.01% - 0.1%. Chm 100ppm-200ppm PAM vo

nc cn x l, tuy nhin t l ny khng c nh m thay i ty theo cht
lng nc.

Ngi hng dn:

Kin Th Thy Linh
2

12

SVTH
Nhm