BI TP V C OLYMPIC HO

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 4,4g sunfua ca kim loi M (cng thc MS) trong
oi !"# $h%t r&n sau 'h(n ng )*m ho tan trong m+t l",ng -.a ) !ung !/ch
012
3
34,56 th%y n7ng )+ 'h8n tr9m ca mui trong !ung !/ch thu )",c l
4:,4;6# <hi lm lnh !ung !/ch ny th= thot ra 5,>5g mui r&n# ?@c tch mui
r&n th%y n7ng )+ 'h8n tr9m ca mui trong !ung !/ch l 34,46# Ac )/nh cng
thc mui r&n#
Bi 2: M+t hBn h,' A g7m ; oit C2

- C2
D:
chiEm thF tGch l HI lGt (;43
>
$,
:atm)# 0Bn h,' A cJn nKng 54g#
1. Ac )/nh $LML ca ; oit trNn - thnh 'h8n hBn h,' OiEt rPng C l m+t
nguyNn t thu+c nhQm I, 'hJn nhQm chGnh#
2. ?%y 54g hBn h,' A cho -o m+t O=nh cQ thF tGch RS: lGt# LhNm -o )Q :Ig
2
;
- m+t Gt R
;
2
H
Tc tc# 1ung O=nh cho )En khi )t )En cJn OPng th= ' su%t
M
;
sau 'h(n ng OPng :,; l8n ' su%t M
:
(lTc ch"a thNm 2
;
), M
:
- M
;
)Uu )o V
;43
>
$# LGnh hPng s cJn OPng ca 'h(n ng V ;43
>
$#
3. Mh(i thNm -o hBn h,' cQ )",c trong cJu ; (sau 'h(n ng -Wi 2
;
) Oao nhiNu
mol 2
;
)F khi )En cJn OPng mWi ta )",c : mol C2
D:
, nhiXt )+ -Yn l ;43
>
$#
$ho SS3;, S*S4Z#
Bi 3: $ho s&t 'h(n ng -.a hEt -Wi ait sunfuric thu )",c khG C - 5,;5g
mui# LGnh s gam [* )\ 'h(n ng, OiEt rPng s mol s&t OPng 34,H6 s mol ait
sunfuric )\ 'h(n ng# (]iEt^ $lS3H,H_ ]rS5>_ SS3;_ 2S:I_ <S3Z_ [*SHI, M
khng
khG
S;5,5)#
Bi 4: 1ung ch(y m+t gam mYu cha Mn2, $r
;
2
3
- t' ch%t tr` -Wi l",ng !"
ch%t oi ho mnh 1a
;
2
;
)F thu )",c hBn h,' cha 1a
;
Mn2
4
- 1a
;
$r2
4
# Sau
khi 'h(n ng kEt thTc, )F ngu+i hBn h,', ho tan hBn h,' -o n"Wc - lm 'hJn
hua hEt l",ng 1a
;
2
;
# LhNm -o l",ng !" !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
, thu )",c !ung !/ch
cha cc ion Mn2
4
b
, $r
;
2
4
;b
- kEt ta Mn2
;
# ?@c rca kEt ta thu )",c kEt ta
Mn2
;
)Q - !ung !/ch ]# LhNm -o ] H>ml !ung !/ch [*S2
4
>,:M, l",ng
[*S2
4
cdn li tc !eng -.a ) -Wi :5,4ml !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,>:M# LhNm -o
kEt ta Mn2
;
:>ml !ung !/ch [*S2
4
>,:M (!") - l",ng !" !ung !/ch
0
;
S2
4
!fng lm mi tr"gng )F ho tan hon ton l",ng kEt ta Mn2
;
# ?",ng
[*S2
4
cdn !" li 'h(n ng -.a hEt -Wi 5,;4ml !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,>:M trong
mi tr"gng 0
;
S2
4
#
1. RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra#
2. LGnh 6 th*o khi l",ng ca Mn2 - $r
;
2
3
trong mYu#
Bi 5: 1. 0o tan hBn h,' A (1a, Mg, Cl) -o n"Wc, thu )",c 5,ZI lGt khG
()ktc), H,:g ch%t r&n khng tan h - !ung !/ch i# $ho ton O+ h -o !ung !/ch
0$l !" thu )",c >,;H mol 0
;
# LGnh khi l",ng t.ng ch%t trong hBn h,' A#
2. $ho 3,54 gam hBn h,' C (Mg - Cl) - ;H>ml !ung !/ch ] g7m 0$l :M -
0
;
S2
4
>,HM thu )",c !ung !/ch $ - 4,3IH lGt 0
;
()ktc)# LGnh khi l",ng mui
to thnh#
Bi 6: A l hBn h,' g7m [* - $u# 0o tan hon ton m gam A OPng R lGt !ung
!/ch 0
;
S2
4
Z56 (!S:,54gjml) thu )",c !ung !/ch C# Mha lo\ng !ung !/ch C
r7i )iXn 'hJn -Wi )iXn ckc tr` OPng !dng )iXn lSZ,IHC )En khi hEt $u
;D
th= m%t
Z 'hTt ;> giJy (0
)'
S:>>6), sau khi )iXn 'hJn thu )",c !ung !/ch ], !ung !/ch
] 'h(n ng -.a hEt -Wi :>>ml !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,>4M#
1. RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng#
2. LGnh m#
3. LGnh R, OiEt l",ng ait 'h(n ng -Wi hBn h,' A chm OPng :>6 l",ng ait
trong !ung !/ch )8u#
Bi 7: $ho H>g !ung !/ch MA (M l kim loi kiUm, A l halog*n) 3H,I6 tc
!eng -Wi :>g !ung !/ch Cg12
3
thu )",c kEt ta# ?@c kEt ta, )",c !ung !/ch
n"Wc l@c# ]iEt n7ng )+ MA trong !ung !/ch sau thG nghiXm gi(m :,; l8n so -Wi
n7ng )+ Oan )8u#
1. Ac )/nh cng thc mui MA#
2. Lrong 'hdng thG nghiXm, khng khG O/ nhinm m+t l",ng A
;
r%t )+c, h\y t=m
cch loi nQ (-iEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng)#
Bi 8: 0o tan hon tan [* trong !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
)Kc nQng thu )",c !ung !/ch
C# $hia C thnh hai 'h8n OPng nhau^
Phn 1: cho 'h(n ng -Wi 4>>ml !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,:M trong mi tr"gng ait
0
;
S2
4
(-.a ))# LhNm tiE' !ung !/ch 0$l -o !ung !/ch sau 'h(n ng th%y cQ
>,HI lGt khG thot ra V )ktc#
Phn 2: )*m c cn th= thu )",c IH,Ig mui#
LGnh khi l",ng [* )\ !fng#
Bi 9: t chy hon ton :;g m+t mui sunfua ca kim loi M ho tr/ ll thu
)",c r&n C - khG ]# 0o tan C OPng m+t l",ng -.a ) !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
;4,H6
thu )",c !ung !/ch mui n7ng )+ 33,336, lm lnh !ung !/ch ny th%y tch ra
:H,I;Hg tinh thF L, 'h8n !ung !/ch O\o ho cQ n7ng )+ l ;;,H46#
1. Ac )/nh kim loi M - cng thc ca tinh thF L#
2. un nQng khG ] -Wi n"Wc trong ng hn kGn V :H>
>
$ th%y thot ra ch%t r&n
mu -ng# RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng#
Bi 1: $ho m gam mui halog*n ca m+t kim loi kiUm 'h(n ng -Wi H>ml
0
;
S2
4
)Kc, nQng l%y !"# Sau khi 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton thu )",c khG C cQ
mfi - hBn h,' s(n 'hom ]# Lrung ho ] OPng ;H> ml !ung !/ch 1a20 ;M r7i
lm Oay h`i n"Wc con thpn th= )",c :ZZ,Ig hqn h,' r (kh)# 1ung r )En khi
l",ng khng )si thu )",c hBn h,' mui t cQ khi l",ng Z5g# 1Eu cho !ung
!/ch ]a$l
;
-o ] th= thu )",c kEt ta [ cQ khi l",ng g%' :,4;IH l8n khi
l",ng mui t# rYn khG C -o !ung !/ch MO(12
3
)
;
thu )",c ;3,Zg kEt ta mu
)*n#
1. LGnh n7ng )+ 6 !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
(rS:,4:Hgjml) - m gam mui#
2. Ac )/nh kim loi kiUm, halog*n - -iEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng#
Bi 11: $ho hBn h,' A g7m hai ch%t r&n [*$2
3
- [*S
;
# $ho A cfng m+t
l",ng 2
;
-o m+t O=nh kGn cQ thF tGch R (l)# t nQng O=nh cho 'h(n ng (y ra
(gi( thiEt kh( n9ng 'h(n ng ca ; mui l nh" nhau, s(n 'hom 'h(n ng l [*
b
;
2
3
, sau 'h(n ng )"a -U )iUu kiXn Oan )8u thu )",c ch%t r&n h - hBn h,' khG
i# u' su%t trong O=nh lTc ny l M# F ho tan ch%t r&n h c8n ;>>ml !ung !/ch
0$l >,3M, thu )",c hBn h,' khG M - s(n 'hom t cdn li, nEu )"a M -o O=nh
kGn thF tGch R (l) V cfng )iUu kiXn -Wi i th= ' su%t trong O=nh lTc ny l M#
LhNm !ung !/ch 1a20 !" -o s(n 'hom t )",c ch%t r&n [, l@c l%y [ - lm
kh ngoi khng khG cJn )",c 3,5Hg (khng nung)#
1. RiEt 'h(n ng (y ra#
2. LGnh 6 khi l",ng cc mui trong hBn h,'#
Bi 12: $ho 4,Zg hBn h,' g7m Mg - in -o m+t cc cha 4>>ml !ung !/ch
0
;
S2
4
>,HM (lo\ng)# Sau 'h(n ng thu )",c !ung !/ch C# $ho -o !ung !/ch C
>,H lGt !ung !/ch hBn h,' g7m ]a(20)
;
>,>4M - 1a20 >,4IM, khu%y )Uu cho
'h(n ng hon ton r7i l@c l%y kEt ta - nung )En khi l",ng khng )si th= thu
)",c ::,44g ch%t r&n# LGnh khi l",ng mBi kim loi trong hBn h,' Oan )8u#
Bi 13: 0o tan :3,;g hBn h,' A g7m hai kim loi cQ cfng ho tr/ -o 4>>ml
!ung !/ch 0$l :,HM, kEt thTc 'h(n ng thu )",c 3:,4g hBn h,' mui khan#
1. LGnh thF tGch khG sinh ra# $hng minh kim loi cdn !"#
2. Ac )/nh hai kim loi, tGnh thnh 'h8n 'h8n tr9m -U khi l",ng ca hBn h,'
A OiEt rPng tm lX s mol 'h(n ng giva hai kim loi l :^;#
Bi 14: 0,' ch%t C to OVi kim loi M cQ ho tr/ khng )si - A (nPm V chu k=
3, nhQm RlC)# ?%y :3g C chia lm hai 'h8n khng OPng nhau^
Phn 1: tc !eng -Wi 2
;
to khG ]#
Phn 2: tc !eng -Wi !ung !/ch 0$l !" to khG $#
Lr+n ] - $ thu 4,I5g kEt ta -ng - cdn li ch%t khG no m khi gK' n"Wc clo
to !ung !/ch r# $ho r tc !eng -Wi Cg12
3
!" to )",c ;;,ZIg kEt ta#
1. RiEt c%u h=nh *l*ctron )8y ) ca A# w@i tNn - nNu tGnh ch%t ho h@c c` O(n
ca A# A cQ nhvng s oi ho nox Lrong h,' ch%t nox wi(i thGch ti sao A cQ
nhvng s oi ho )Q#
2. Ac )/nh cng thc 'hJn tc C#
Bi 15: $Q :>>ml !ung !/ch A cha 0
;
S2
4
- 0$l th* tm lX mol :^:# F trung
ho :>>ml !ung !/ch A c8n 4>>ml !ung !/ch 1a20 H6 (!S:,;gjml)#
1. LGnh n7ng )+ mol ca mBi ait trong !ung !/ch A#
2. 1Eu n7ng )+ 6 ca 1a$l trong !ung !/ch thu )",c sau 'h(n ng l :,ZH6,
h\y tGnh khi l",ng riNng ca !ung !/ch A - n7ng )+ 6 ca mBi ait trong
!ung !/ch A#
Bi 16: $ho 4,>;g hBn h,' g7m Cl - hai kim loi kiUm ths thu+c hai chu k= kE
tiE' -o !ung !/ch 0$l !" thu )",c I,4ZI lGt khG ()ktc)# 1Eu l%y riNng l",ng Cl
trong hBn h,' )Q )*m cho -o !ung !/ch 1a20 !" th= thu )",c R lGt khG ()ktc)#
]iEt 3,:3Iy R z3,H54, cc 'h(n ng )Uu (y ra hon ton#
1. L=m hai kim loi kiUm ths#
2. $ho RS3,3I lGt, tGnh khQi l",ng mBi kim li trong hBn h,' Oan )8u#
$ho i
0*
S;, i
?i
S3, i
]*
S4, i
]
SH, i
$
SI, i
1
S4, i
2
S5, i
[
SZ, i
1*
S
:>
, i
1a
S::,
i
Mg
S:;, i
Cl
S:3, i
$a
S;>, i
Sr
S35, i
]a
SHI, M
]*
SZ, M
Mg
S;4, M
Cl
S;4, M
$a
S4>,
M
Sr
S55, M
]a
S:34#
Bi 17: Lh*o lG thuyEt khong 'yrit cQ cng thc [*S
;
, trong thkc tE m+t 'h8n
ion S
;
;b
)",c thay thE OVi S
;b
- cng thc tsng {ut ca 'yrit l [*S
;b
# 1h" -py
cQ thF coi 'yrit nh" l hBn h,' [*S
;
, [*S# <hi c lG m+t mou khong -Wi
]r
;
trong <20 !" th= (y ra 'h(n ng^
[*S
;
D ]r
;
D <20 [*(20)
3
D <]r D <
;
S2
4
D 0
;
2
[*S D ]r
;
D <20 [*(20)
3
D <]r D <
;
S2
4
D 0
;
2
Sau khi l@c )",c ch%t r&n C - !ung !/ch ]^
1ung ch%t r&n C )En khi l",ng khng )si thu )",c >,;g [*
;
2
3#
$ho !" !ung !/ch ]a$l
;
-o !ung !/ch ] thu )",c :,:>54g kEt ta ]aS2
4
#
1. Ac )/nh cng thc tsng {ut ca 'yrit#
2. $Jn OPng cc 'h(n ng trNn OPng 'h"`ng 'h' ion | *l*ctron#
3. LGnh l",ng ]r
;
!fng )F oi ho mYu khong trNn#
Bi 18: 1ung nQng hBn h,' g7m H,Ig O+t [* -Wi 4g O+t S trong O=nh kGn m+t
thgi gian, )",c hBn h,' r&n C g7m [*S, [*S
;
, [* - S !"# $ho C tan hEt trong
!ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
)Kc, !", kEt thTc 'h(n ng thu )",c Oao nhiNu lGt khG ()ktc)#
Bi 19: 0o tan hBn h,' C g7m Mg, $u -o : l",ng -.a ) !ung !/ch
0
;
S2
4
)Kc nQng thu )",c :,:; lGt khG S2
;
()kc) - !ung !/ch ]# $ho !ung !/ch
] tc !eng -Wi !ung !/ch 1a20 !" thu )",c kEt ta $# 1ung $ )En khi l",ng
khng )si ta thu )",c hBn h,' r&n t# $ho t tc !eng -Wi l",ng !" 0
;
(cQ t
>
) th=
thu )",c ;,4;g hBn h,' r&n [#
1. RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra#
2. LGnh khi l",ng mBi ch%t trong hBn h,' C#
($ho MgS;4, $uSI4, 2S:I)#
Bi 2: $Q hai kim loi C - ]# <hi l",ng nguyNn tc )Uu g7m hai s hng a -
O (a, O > - azO)# <hi l",ng nguyNn tc ca C l aO - khi l",ng nguyNn tc
ca ] l Oa# 0iXu s hai khi l",ng nguyNn tc nh} h`n :># Lsng s hai khi
l",ng nguyNn tc nPm trong kho(ng t. :>> )En :4># 0\y c )/nh hai kim loi
C, ]#
Bi 21: 1ung m gam m+t mui cacOonat kim loi ho tr/ ll m+t thgi gian thu
)",c ' gam ch%t r&n C - lGt khG ] Oay ra# 0o tan ch%t r&n C OPng m+t l",ng
-.a ) !ung !/ch 0$l thu )",c !ung !/ch $ - y lGt khG ] Oay ra# iXn 'hJn
hon ton !ung !/ch $ thu )",c { gam kim loi V catot - ~ lGt khG t V anot#
1. RiEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra#
2. ?p' cc OiFu thc tGnh , y, ~ th*o m, ', {#
3. $ho mSZ,3g - {S4,5g#
LGnh thF tGch khG t#
$ho khG t tc !eng -Wi ; lGt khG 0
;
r7i l%y s(n 'hom 'h(n ng ho tan -o 4>g
n"Wc thu )",c !ung !/ch [# ?%y 5,43g !ung !/ch [ cho tc !eng -Wi Cg12
3
!"
th%y to thnh ;,54g kEt ta# LGnh hiXu su%t 'h(n ng giva khG t - 0
;
# $c thF
tGch )Uu )o V )ktc#
Bi 22: 0o tan H,Z:g hBn h,' 1aA - <]r -o :>>ml !ung !/ch hBn h,'
$u(12
3
)
;
>,:M - Cg12
3
ch"a OiEt n7ng )+, thu )",c kEt ta C - !ung !/ch ]#
Lrong !ung !/ch ], n7ng )+ 6 ca 1a12
3
- <12
3
t"`ng ng th*o tm lX 3,4 ^
3,>3# $ho miEng km -o !ung !/ch ], sau khi 'h(n ng ong l%y miEng km
ra kh}i !ung !/ch, th%y khi l",ng t9ng :,:;;Hg#
1. LGnh l",ng kEt ta C#
2. LGnh $
M
ca Cg12
3
trong !ung !/ch hBn h,'#
Bi 23: L. cc nguyNn t 2, 1a, S to ra )",c cc mui C, ] )Uu cQ ; nguyNn
tc 1a trong 'hJn tc# Lrong m+t thG nghiXm ho h@c ng"gi ta cho m
:
gam mui C
OiEn )si thnh m
;
mui ] - I,:I lGt khG i ti ;4,3
>
$, :atm# ]iEt rPng hai khi
l",ng )Q khc nhau :Ig#
1. RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra -Wi cng thc ce thF ca C, ]#
2. LGnh m
:
, m
;
#
Bi 24: 0Bn h,' A g7m Cl - kim loi M, trong )Q s mol ca M lWn h`n s
mol ca Cl# 0o tan hon ton :,>5g hBn h,' A OPng :>>ml !ung !/ch 0$l thu
)",c :,:4I lGt khG ()ktc) - !ung !/ch h# <hi cho !ung !/ch h tc !eng -Wi
!ung !/ch Cg12
3
!" thu )",c :4,Z34Hg kEt ta#
1. LGnh n7ng )+ moljlGt ca !ung !/ch 0$l )\ !fng, OiEt M cQ ho tr/ ll trong
mui to thnh#
2. Ac )/nh M - 'h8n tr9m khi l",ng mi kim loi trong hBn h,' A#
Bi 25: 0o tan >,55g hBn h,' C g7m : kim loi M ho tr/ ll - oit ca M -o
!ung !/ch 0$l -.a ) thu )",c ;>>ml !ung !/ch ] cha ;,;;g mui#
1. Ac )/nh kim loi M, OiEt rPng tsng s ht trong nguyNn tc M lWn h`n 4>#
2. LGnh 6 khi l",ng mBi ch%t trong hBn h,' C#
3. LGnh $
M
ca !ung !/ch 0$l )\ !fng#
Bi 26: un nQng )En ;>>
>
$ hBn h,' 4 mui C, ], $, r ca natri, mBi th :
mol s th%y cQ khG t khng chy )",c thot ra - : hBn h,' mWi )",c h=nh
thnh cQ khi l",ng gi(m )i :;,H6 cha :,33a mol C, :,I4a mol $ - a mol r#
1Eu t9ng nhiXt )+ )En 4>>
>
$ hBn h,' chm cdn li C - r, nEu t9ng )En I>>
>
$ th=
chm cdn li C# Lhnh 'h8n 'h8n tr9m khi l",ng ca natri trong mui nh/ t C l
3Z,3:I6#
1. L=m cc ch%t C, ], $, r, t# RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng#
2. Ac )/nh thnh 'h8n 6 th*o s mol ca hBn h,' V 4>>
>
$#
3. AE' th*o th tk mnh !8n ca ait t"`ng ng -Wi cc mui ny#
Bi 27: 0,' ch%t M to nNn t. 4 nguyNn tc ca ; nguyNn t C, ] (OiEt C cQ :*
)+c thJn - M
C
zM
]
) cQ khi l",ng 'hJn tc :44# ]iEt C, ] khng cfng chu k=,
khng cfng 'hJn nhQm chGnh# L=m $LML, $L$L ca M#
$ho :4,Ig hBn h,' g7m M - ]
;
tc !eng hEt -Wi n"Wc )",c 4,54 lGt khG
()ktc)# LGnh thnh 'h8n 'h8n tr9m thF tGch mBi khG trong hBn h,'# ]iEt l kim
loi cQ O+ 4 s l",ng tc ca * sau cfng cQ tsng )i s S 3,H# 0\y -iEt $L$L
]
;
#
Bi 28: 0Bn h,' C g7m <$l2
3
, $a($l2
3
)
;
, $a($l2)
;
, $a$l
;
- <$l cJn nKng
53,I5g# 1hiXt 'hJn hon ton C thu )",c ch%t r&n ] g7m $a$l
;
- <$l cfng
-Wi m+t l",ng oi -.a ) )F oi ho S2
;
to thnh S2
3
)F )iUu chE :Z:,:g !ung
!/ch 0
;
S2
4
5>6# $ho ] tc !eng -Wi 3I>ml !ung !/ch <
;
$2
3
>,HM (-.a ))
thu kEt ta $ - !ung !/ch r# ?",ng <$l trong r nhiUu g%' l8n <$l trong C#
1. LGnh khi l",ng kEt ta $#
2. LGnh 6 khi l",ng <$l2
3
trong C#
Bi 29: 0o tan 4,:5g m+t thanh s&t cha t' ch%t l [*
;
2
3
-o m+t l",ng r%t
!" !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
lo\ng r7i thNm n"Wc c%t -o )F thu )",c H>>ml !ung !/ch#
?%y ;Hml !ung !/ch )Q cho tc !eng -Wi !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
th= 'h(i !fng hEt
:;,Hml !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,>ZIM#
1. Ac )/nh hm l",ng (6 khi l",ng) [* tinh khiEt trong thanh s&t#
2. 1Eu l%y cfng m+t l",ng thanh s&t nh" trNn - hm l",ng s&t tinh khiEt nh"
trNn nh"ng cha t' ch%t l [*2 - lm li thG nghiXm nh" trNn th= thF tGch !ung
!/ch <Mn2
4
>,>ZIM c8n !fng l Oao nhiNux
Bi 3: 0Bn h,' A g7m [* - m+t kim loi cQ ho tr/ khng )si# 0o tan
hon ton 3,3g A trong !ung !/ch 0$l !" thu )",c ;,ZHI5 lGt khG V ;4,3
>
$,
:atm# MKc khc cng ho tan hon tn 3,3g A trng !ung !/ch 012
3
:M l%y !"
:>6 thu )",c 5ZIml hBn h,' khG h g7m 1
;
2, 12 ()ktc) cQ tm khi so -Wi hBn
h,' 12, $
;
0
I
l :,3H - m+t !ung !/ch i#
1. Ac )/nh - tGnh 6 cc kim loi trong A#
2. $ho !ung !/ch i tc !eng -Wi 4>>ml 1a20 th%y u%t hiXn 4,44g kEt ta#
LGnh n7ng )+ mol ca !ung !/ch 1a20, OiEt [*(20)
3
kEt ta hon ton#
Bi 31: 0o tan :>,IHg g7m m+t oit ca kim loi kiUm - m+t oit kim loi
kiUm ths OPng !ung !/ch 0$l ta thu )",c !ung !/ch ]# $ cn !ung !/ch ] -
)iXn 'hJn nQng ch(y hon ton hBn h,' mui th= thu )",c V anot 3,IZI lGt khG $
(V ;4,3
>
$, :atm) - hBn h,' kim loi r V catot#
1. LGnh kh l",ng ca r#
2. ?%y m gam r cho tc !eng hEt -Wi n"Wc ta )",c !ung !/ch t - R lGt khG (V
)ktc)# $ho t. t. O+t Cl -o !ung !/ch t cho tWi ng.ng thot khG, th%y hEt ' gam
Cl - cQ R
:
lGt khG thot ra (V )ktc)#
a# So snh R
:
- R#
O# LGnh ' th*o m#
3. 1Eu l%y hBn h,' kim loi r r7i luyXn thNm :,34g ]a th= thu )",c m+t h,'
kim trong )Q ]a chiEm ;3,>446 -U s mol# 0}i hBn h,' )8u l oit ca cc kim
loi kiUm, kiUm ths nox
Bi 32: 1. *m )iXn 'hJn ;>>ml !ung !/ch 1a$l (rS:,:gjml) -Wi )iXn ckc
OPng than cQ mng ng9n ' - !ung !/ch lun lun )",c khu%y )Uu# <hi V
catot thot ra ;;,4 lGt khG )o V )iUu kiXn ;>
>
$, :atm th= ng"ng )iXn 'hJn# 0,'
ch%t cha trong !ung !/ch sau khi kEt thTc )iXn 'hJn l ch%t g=x Ac )/nh $6
ca nQ#
2. 0Bn h,' C g7m 3 mui 1a$l, 1a]r, 1al^
H,4Ig C tc !eng -Wi l",ng !" !ung !/ch Orom, c cn thu )",c H,;Zg mui
khan#
0o tan H,4Ig C -o n"Wc r7i cho m+t l",ng khG clo sec {ua !ung !/ch# Sau m+t
thgi gian c cn th= thu )",c 3,ZHHg mui khan, trong )Q cQ >,>H mol ion
clorua#
a# RiEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng#
O# LGnh thnh 'h8n 'h8n tr9m khi l",ng mBi mui trong C#
Bi 33: 0Bn h,' A g7m hai kim loi M - 1 (1 )ng sau M trng !\y )iXn ho
- chiEm I>6 -U khi l",ng)# $ho ;Hg A tc !eng -Wi !ung !/ch 012
3
, sau
khi 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton thu )",c khG 12 - :I,Ig ch%t r&n khng tan#
?@c O} ch%t r&n, c cn !ung !/ch, thu )",c m
:
gam ch%t r&n khan# 1hiXt 'hJn
hon ton m
:
gam ch%t r&n ny trong chJn khng thu )",c m
;
gam m+t oit kim
loi - 4,HI lGt ()kc) hBn h,' khG 12
;
- 2
;
trong )Q oi chiEm :jZ thF tGch hBn
h,'#
1. RiEt 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng !ng tsng {ut, c )/nh M#
2. LGnh m
:
- m
;
#
Bi 34: 1. M+t !ung !/ch )\ )",c ait ho OPng 0
;
S2
4
, cha >,H43g m+t mui
trong thnh 'h8n cQ natri, clo - oi# $ho thNm -o )Q !ung !/ch <l cho )En
khi iot ng.ng thot ra, khi l",ng iot l 3,>Hg#
!. Ac )/nh cng thc mui#
". 1hiXt 'hJn hon ton mui )Q th= khi l",ng mui gi(m Oao nhiNu 6x
2# <hi )un nQng ;;,:;g <Mn2
4
, thu )",c ;:,:Ig hBn h,' r&n# L=m thF tGch clo
ckc )i ()ktc) cQ thF thu )",c khi cho hBn h,' r&n )Q tc !eng -Wi ait
clohi)ric 3I,H6 (rS:,:5gjml) - thF tGch !ung !/ch ait c8n cho 'h(n ng#
Bi 35: $ho Hg hBn h,' [*, $u cha 4>6 [* -o m+t l",ng !ung !/ch
012
3
:M, khu%y )Uu cho 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton th= thu )",c m+t 'h8n r&n
nKng 3,3;g, !ung !/ch ] - khG 12# LGnh l",ng mui to thnh trong !ung !/ch
]#
Bi 36: $ho :;,Hg hBn h,' g7m Mg - in -o :>>ml !ung !/ch C cha 0$l
:M - 0
;
S2
4
>,IM#
1. 0\y cho OiEt kim loi cQ tan hEt khngx
2. $ho :>>ml !ung !/ch ] g7m <20 :M - 1a20 >,5M -o :>>ml !ung !/ch
C, c cn !ung !/ch sau 'h(n ng thu )",c r&n $ khan# LGnh khi l",ng r&n $#
Bi 37: $ho ;>>ml !ung !/ch C g7m^ Mg$l
;
>,3M, Cl$l
3
>,4HM - 0$l >,HHM
tc !eng hon ton -Wi R lGt !ung !/ch ] g7m^ 1a20 >,>;M -
]a(20)
;
>,>:M# LGnh thF tGch R )F thu )",c kEt ta lWn nh%t - kEt ta nh}
nh%t# LGnh khi l",ng kEt ta )Q#
Bi 38: $ho m+t lu7ng khG 5,>I4 lGt $2 thiEu )i {ua hBn h,' A g7m >,: mol
[*
;
2
3
- >,: mol [*
3
2
4
)un nQng, sau khi 'h(n ng kEt thTc thu )",c 'h8n r&n
C - khG $2
;
# ?%y 'h8n r&n C cho tc !eng -Wi H>>ml !ung !/ch 0$l !" thu
)",c 3,I>:Z; lGt 0
;
- !ung !/ch ]# rung !/ch ] lm m%t mu hon ton !ung
!/ch cha 5,434;g <Mn2
4
#
1. Ac )/nh s mol mBi ch%t trong C, OiEt rPng trong C s mol [*
3
2
4
OPng -Wi s
mol ca [*2#
2. rYn m+t lu7ng khG $l
;
!" -o !ung !/ch ] )",c !ung !/ch h# $ho ton O+
!ung !/ch h tc !eng hEt -Wi n"Wc Oaryt thu )",c kEt ta i, )*m nung kEt ta i
)En khi l",ng khng )si )",c ch%t r&n w# LGnh khi l",ng w#
3. LGnh n7ng )+ moljlGt ca !ung !/ch 0$l nQi trNn OiEt )\ !fng !" :H6#
$ho OiEt cc ch%t khG )Uu )o V H4,I
>
$ - >,Hatm#
Bi 39: $ho :>,;4g hBn h,' A g7m 3 kim loi $u, Mg, [* V !ng O+t tc !eng
-Wi :H>ml !ung !/ch ; ait 0$l ;M - 0
;
S2
4
;M (lo\ng ) 'h(n ng lm gi(i
'hQng ra 3,H54 lGt 0
;
()ktc) th= hEt O@t khG thot ra# *m l@c, rca thu )",c !ung
!/ch C - ch%t r&n ]# 0o tan hEt ] trong 0
;
S2
4
)Kc )un nQng gi(i 'hQng ra R
lGt S2
;
()ktc)#
LhNm -o !ung !/ch C :;Hml 1a20 ;H6 cQ !S:,;5gjml# <hu%y )Uu hBn h,',
l@c, rca kEt ta, nung nQ V nhiXt )+ cao trong khng khG )En khi cQ khi l",ng
khng )si, thu )",c Z,Ig ch%t r&n $#
1. RiEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra - tGnh 6 th*o khi l",ng ca mBi
kim loi trong hBn h,'#
2. LGnh thF tGch R ca khG S2
;
V )ktc#
3. $ho ;,HIg hBn h,' A tc !eng -Wi H>>ml !ung !/ch Cg12
3
>,:4M# <hu%y k
hBn h,' )F 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton, thu )",c !ung !/ch - ch%t r&n t# LGnh
khi l",ng ca t#
Bi 4: $ho H lGt 0
;
- 3,3I lGt $l
;
()ktc) tc !eng -Wi nhau r7i ho tan s(n
'hom -o :Z;,4g n"Wc ta thu )",c !ung !/ch C# ?%y H>g !ung !/ch C cho tc
!eng -Wi !ung !/ch Cg12
3
!" thu )",c 4,:4Hg kEt ta#
1. LGnh hiXu su%t ca 'h(n ng giva 0
;
- $l
;
#
2. $ho :,3g hBn h,' ; kim loi Mg, [* -o :>>ml !ung !/ch C, 'h(n ng ong
c cn th= thu )",c 3,ZI;Hg ch%t r&n ]# Ac )/nh thnh 'h8n ch%t r&n ]#
Bi 41: 0o tan hEt ::,;g hBn h,' C g7m hai kim loi^ M (ho tr/ ) - M (ho
tr/ y) trong !/ch 0$l (!ung !/ch ]) r7i sau )Q c cn !ung !/ch thu )",c 3Z,Ig
mui khan#
1. LGnh thF tGch khG sinh ra V )ktc#
2. $ho ;;,4g hBn h,' C tc !eng H>>ml !ung !/ch ] th%y thot ra :I,5 lGt khG
0
;
()ktc), c cn !ung !/ch thu )",c ch%t r&n $# LGnh khi l",ng ch%t r&n $ -
ndng )+ mol !ung !/ch ]#
Bi 42: $ho m gam hBn h,' A g7m [*2, [*
;
2
3
, [*
3
2
4
tan trong 0
;
S2
4
lo\ng,
-.a ) )",c H>>ml !ung !/ch h trong sut# $hia h lm hai 'h8n OPng nhau^
Mh8n :^ c cn thu )",c 3:,Ig hBn h,' mui khan#
Mh8n ;^ cho m+t lu7ng $l
;
!" )i {ua cho )En 'h(n ng hon ton r7i c cn
)",c 33,34Hg hBn h,' mui khan#
1. RiEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng (y ra#
2. /nh m#
Bi 43: $ho a gam hBn h,' hai kim loai $u, [* (trong )Q [* chiEm 3>6 -U
khi l",ng) -o H>ml !ung !/ch 012
3
I36 (!S:,35gjml), khu%y )Uu hBn h,'
)En khi 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton, )",c ch%t r&n C cJn nKng >,4Ha gam, !ung
!/ch ] - 4,3;45 lGt hBn hBn h,' khG 12
;
- 12 (V H4,H
>
$ - :atm)# 0}i c cn
!ung !/ch ] thu )",c Oao nhiNu gam muix
Bi 44: 0o tan hon ton hBn h,' A g7m >,;4g [*S
;
- >,;I4g [*S -o l",ng
!" 0
;
S2
4
)Kc nQng thu )",c !ung !/ch C - khG ]# 0%' the hEt khG ] OPng m+t
l",ng -.a ) !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
thu )",c !ung !/ch r khng mu trong sut cQ
'0S;#
1. RiEt cc 'h"`ng tr=nh 'h(n ng - tGnh thF tGch !ung !/ch r#
2. 1Eu )*m ho tan l",ng hBn h,' A trNn -o !ung !/ch 012
3
lo\ng th= thu
)",c !ung !/ch i - (R) lGt khG 12 V )ktc# rung !/ch i -.a tc !eng -Wi !ung
!/ch 1a20 cho kEt ta mu nJu )}, -.a tc !eng -Wi !ung !/ch ]a$l
;
# 0\y tGnh
(R)#
Bi 45: 1. 0o tan a gam hBn h,' C g7m [* - kim loi M (ho tr/ khng )si)
trong !ung !/ch 0$l !" th= )",c :,>>5 lGt khG V )ktc - !ung !/ch cha 4,H4Hg
mui khan# LGnh a#
2. <hi ho tan hEt cfng l",ng hBn h,' C nh" trNn trng !ung !/ch cha hBn h,'
012
3
)Kc - 0
;
S2
4
V nhiXt )+ thGch h,' th= thu )",c :,55:I lGt ()ktc) hBn h,'
hai khG cQ tm khi h`i so -Wi 0
;
l ;H,;H# Ac )/nh M#
Bi 46: $ho Z,IZg hBn h,' C g7m clorua -i - <
;
$r
;
2
4
tc !eng hEt -Wi 0$l
)Kc !", )un nQng thu )",c khG ]# $ho khG ] -o !ung !/ch 1a20 V nhiXt )+
th"gng# Sau khi 'h(n ng ong nh} t. t. I>>ml !ung !/ch 0$l >,;M -o th%y
trung ho -.a hEt 1a20 !", c cn !ung !/ch thu )",c :Hg mui khan#
$ho khG ] sec -o !ung !/ch cha ::,H;5g hBn h,' A g7m ; mui $a]r
;
-
$al
;
)En khi 'h(n ng hon ton, c cn !ung !/ch thu )",c 4,43g mui khan h#
1. LGnh khi l",ng mBi ch%t trong C#
2. LGnh khi l",ng mBi ch%t trong A#
Bi 47: 0Bn h,' C g7m hai kim loi A, h cQ ho tr/ khng )si - khng cQ kim
loi no ho tr/ l# ?%y 4,I5g hBn h,' C chia thnh hai 'h8n OPng nhau# Mh8n :
nung trong khG 2
;
!" )F oi ho hon ton, thu )",c Ig hBn h,' r&n ] g7m ;
oit# Mh8n ; ho tan hon ton trong !ung !/ch cha 0$l - 0
;
S2
4
lo\ng, thu
)",c R lGt khG 0
;
()ktc) - !ung !/ch $# $ cn !ung !/ch $ thu )",c ' gam
mui khan#
1. LGnh R#
2. wi tr/ ca ' nPm trong kho(ng nox
3. Ac )/nh kim loi A, h# ]iEt s mol ca hBn h,' C ng -Wi mBi 'h8n nQi trNn
l >,: mol - khi l",ng nguyNn tc ca A, h )Uu lWn h`n ;> )-$#
Bi 48: t H,Ig m+t hBn h,' g7m [*S
;
- $u
;
S OPng m+t l",ng oi l%y !",
thu )",c :,344 lGt khG S2
;
()ktc) - ch%t r&n C chm g7m ; oit# $huyFn ton O+
S2
;
thu )",c thnh !ung !/ch 0
;
S2
4
lo\ng (!ung !/ch ])# $ho C -o ], khu%y
)Uu )F 'h(n ng (y ra hon ton, thu )",c ch%t r&n $ mu )} - !ung !/ch r#
LhNm t. t. !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
>,:M -o !ung !/ch r cho )En khi !ung !/ch
<Mn2
4
khng cdn m%t mu nva, thu )",c kEt ta t#
1. LGnh s gam ch%t r&n $#
2. LGnh thF tGch ti )a !ung !/ch <Mn2
4
c8n !fng#
3. LGnh s gam kEt ta t thu )",c#
Bi 49: $ho ;,I;Ig hBn h,' C g7m (10
4
)
;
$2
3
- 1a
;
$2
3
- ;>>ml !ung !/ch
hBn h,' ] g7m^ ]a(20)
;
>,:M - 1a20 >,:M, )un nQng nh, ta thu )",c
!ung !/ch r, kEt ta t - khG [# LGnh khi l",ng kEt ta t, thF tGch khG [ ()ktc)
- khi l",ng mBi mui trong C# wi( thiEt rPng khi l",ng !ung !/ch r gi(m )i
4,35;g so -Wi khi l",ng hBn h,' C - !ung !/ch ]#
Bi 5: $ho m
:
gam hBn h,' g7m Mg, Cl -o m
;
gam !ung !/ch 012
3
;46#
Sauk hi cc kim loi tan hEt cQ 5,ZI lGt (V )ktc) hBn h,' khG A g7m 12, 1
;
2,
1
;
Oay ra (V )ktc) - !ung !/ch C# LhNm m+t l",ng -.a ) 2
;
-o A, sau 'h(n
ng thu )",c hBn h,' khG h# rYn h t. t. {ua !ung !/ch 1a20 !" cQ 4,45 lGt
hBn h,' khG i )i ra (V )ktc)# Lm khi ca i )i -Wi 0
;
OPng ;># 1Eu cho !ung
!/ch 1a20 -o C )F )",c l",ng kEt ta lWn nh%t thu )",c I;,;g kEt ta#
LGnh m
:
, m
;
# ]iEt l",ng 012
3
l%y !" ;>6 so -Wi l",ng c8n thiEt#