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Chuyn bi tp axit cacboxylic chn lc

a)
b)

a)
b)

Dng 1: Bi tp v phn ng trung ho:

Phng php:
- Vi axit a chc: t CTTQ R(COOH)x
R(COOH)x + xNaOH R(COONa)x + xH2O
a
ax
a
ax
2R(COOH)x + xBa(OH)2 R2(COO)2xBax + 2xH2O
a
ax/2
a/2
ax
- Vi axit n chc ( x=1): t CTTQ RCOOH
RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O
2RCOOH + Ba(OH)2 (RCOO)2Ba + 2H2O
Nu bi ton cho mt hay mt hn hp cc axit cacboxylic thuc cng mt dy ng ng tc dng
vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1 hoc tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo t l mol 2:1 th l cc axit n chc.
nNaOH = ( mmui maxit)/ 22 x = nNaOH/ naxit
nBa(OH)2 = (mmui maxit)/ 133 x= 2. nBa(OH)2/naxit
Lu :
+ Nu l axit no, n chc, mch h ta c th t CTTQ l CnH2n+1COOH ( n0) hoc CmH2mO2 (m 1)
+ Axit fomic c phn ng trng bc do c nhm chc anehit trong phn t.
+ Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng: mRn = mmui + mNaOH(Ba(OH)2)
V d 1: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic A, B n chc, hn km nhau mt nguyn t cacbon. Cho 12,9g X
tc dng ht vi 300ml dung dch NaHCO3 1M, c cn dung dch thu c n khi lng khng i cn li
21,05g cht rn khan.
Xc nh CTCT thu gn ca A, B.
Cho 12,9g hn hp X trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3, kt thc phn ng thu
c m gam kt ta Ag. Tnh gi tr ca m.
V d 2: Mt hn hp gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axit axetic. Ly
m gam hn hp ri thm vo 75ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M
trung ho NaOH d. Sau khi trung ho em c cn dung dch n kh thu c 1,0425g hn hp mui khan.
Vit CTCT ca 2 axit. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Tnh gi tr ca m.
Dng 2: Bi tp v phn ng t chy:
- Vi axit cacboxylic ni chung: t CTTQ CnH2n+2-2k-2xO2x
CnH2n+2-2k-2xO2x

3n 1 k 3 x
O2 n CO2 + (n+1-k-x) H2O
2

- Vi axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: t CTTQ CnH2nO2

CnH2nO2

3n
O2 n CO2 + n H2O
2

nCO2 = nH2O
Nu bi ton cho t chy hon ton mt hn hp cc axit cacboxylic thuc cng dy ng ng thu c nCO2
= nH2O th l axit no, n chc.
V d 1: Mt hn hp A gm 2 axit hu c no ( mi axit khng cha qu 2 nhm COOH) c khi lng 16g
tng ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton A ri cho sn phm qua nc vi trong d, thu c 47,5g kt ta.
Mt khc nu cho hn hp A tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 22,6g mui. Tm CTCT v tnh
khi lng mi axit trong hn hp A.
Chuyn axitcacboxylic chn lc. Ngi son: Thanh Tng_sv khoa ha HKHTN-HQGHN

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V d 2: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z a chc ( Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh
hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi Na, sinh ra 4,48lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn 2, sinh
ra 26,4g CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X l:
A. HOOC-CH2-COOH; 70,87%
B. HOOC-CH2-COOH; 54,88%
C. HOOC-COOH; 60%
D. HOOC-COOH; 42,86% (KB_2009)
Dng 3: Bi tp v phn ng este ho:
RCOOH
+
ROH H SO RCOOR
+
H2O
Cu: 1 Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c n chc, ng ng k tip. Ly m gam X em tc dng ht vi 12g Na
th thu c 14,27g cht rn v 0,336 lt H2 (ktc). Cng m gam X tc dng va vi 600ml nc Br2 0,05M.
Cng thc phn t ca hai axit l:
A. C3H2O2 v C4H4O2.
B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2.
C. C4H6O2 v C5H8O2
D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
Cu: 2. Trn u ancol etylic, axit axetic vo nc c 4g dung dch X. em ton b dung dch X tc dng
va vi Na c m gam cht rn v 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,54
B. 10,8
C. 8,4
D. 4,14
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 (ktc), thu c 0,45
mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96
B. 11,2
C. 6,72
D.13,44
Cu 4: Cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht?
A. CH2Cl- CH2-COOH
B. CH3-CHCl-COOH
C. CH3-CH2-COOH
D. CH2Br-CH2-COOH
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c no, n chc. Trung ho ht 6,7g X bng dung dch NaOH ri c cn dung
dch thu c 8,9g mui khan. Cn khi cho 6,7g X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c
10,8g Ag. Cng thc ca 2 axit l:
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH
B. HCOOH v C3H7COOH
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
D. HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH
Cu 6: Cho 17,6 gam Cht X cng thc C4H8O2 tc dng hon ton vi 100 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1,5M v
KOH 1,0M. Sau phn ng c cn thu 20 gam cht rn. Cng thc X l
A. HCOO-C3H7
B. C2H5COOCH3
C. CH3COO-C2H5
D. C3H7COOH
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 2,01 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl metacrylat. Ton b sn
phm chy cho qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam, bnh 2 ng Ca(OH) 2 d thu
c 9 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l:
Cu 8: Cho 3,92 gam mt este n chc X tc dng va vi 100ml KOH 0,4M thu c 6,16 gam mui Y.
Axit ha Y thu c cht Z. Z c cng thc phn t l:
A. C5H6O2
B. C5H8O3
C. C6H12O2
D. C6H12O3
Cu 9: (TSH B 2010) Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M X > MY) c tng khi lng
l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc,
nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn
trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%.
B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%.
C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%.
D. HCOOH v 45,12%.
Cu 10: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc A,B. Cho 26,8 gam Xho tan hon ton vo nc ri
chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 ly d, thu c 21,6 gam Ag kim loi.
- Phn 2: Cn ng 100 ml dung dch KOH 2M trung ho. Tm 2 axit.
Cu 11: Hn hp A gm 1 axit v 2 andehit, c 3 u no, n chc. Ly m gam A tc dng ht vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 c 54g Ag. Dng 2m gam A tc dng vi lng d dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 0,616 lt CO2.
Mt khc phi dng 10,472 lt oxi mi t chy ht m gam A. Lng axit sau trng bc c th trung ho
c 150 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M. Hy cho bit CTPT, CTCT ca cc cht trong A. Bit cc V kh o 27,30C
v p sut 1 atm. H = 100%.
Cu 12: A l mt hn hp cc cht hu c gm mt parafin, mt ru n chc v mt axit hu c n
chC.t chy hon m gam hn hp A bng mt lng khng kh va (khng kh gm
20% Oxi v 80% Nit theo th tch.. Cho cc cht sau phn ng chy hp th vo bnh ng dung dch
2

Chuyn axitcacboxylic chn lc. Ngi son: Thanh Tng_sv khoa ha HKHTN-HQGHN

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Ba(OH)2 lng d. C 125,44 lt mt kh tr thot ra (ktC.v khi lng bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 tng
thm 73,6 gam. Tr s ca m l:
A. 37,76 gam
B. Khng d kin tnh
C. 25,2 gam
D. 28,8 gam
Cu 13: Mt hh x gm 2 axit cacboxylic no A , B c s nguyn t C hn km nhau 1 .Nu trung ha 14,64g X
bng 1 lng NaOH va th thu c 20,36g hh Y gm 2 mui .Nu lm bay hi 14,4g X th chim th tch l
8,9l ( o 2730C , 1atm ) Trong 2 axit A , B phi c:
a . Hai axit u n chc
b. Hai axit u a chc
c. Mt axit n chc,1 axit a chc
d. Cha khng nh c
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 d th
thu c 15,68 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c
35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,8.
B. 0,3.
C. 0,6.
D. 0,2.
Cu 15 : Cho 13,8 gam glixerol phn ng vi axit hu c n chc B, ch thu c cht hu c E c khi lng
bng 1,18 ln khi lng ca glixerol ban u; hiu sut phn ng l 73,35%. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to
ph hp vi E?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 16: Cho 4 mol axit axetic tc dng vi hn hp cha 0,5 mol glixerol v 1 mol etilenglicol (xc tc H 2SO4).
Tnh khi lng sn phm thu c ngoi nc bit rng c 50% axit v 80% mi ancol phn ng.
A. 312 g
B. 156,7 g
C. 170,4 g
D. 176,5 g

Cu 17: t chy hon ton x gam cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) thu c a gam CO2 v b gam nc. Bit rng
3a = 11b v 11x = 3a +11b v t khi ca Z so vi khng kh nh hn 3. Vy CTPT ca Z l
A. C3H4O2
B. C3H8O
C. C3H6O2
D. C2H4O2
Cu 18: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH
0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn,
sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam.
Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. HCOOH v HCOOCH3
B. HCOOH v HCOO C2H5
C. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3
D. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 19: Hn hp M gm 2 axit cacboxylic u no, mch h A, B (B hn A mt nhm chc). Ha hi hon ton m
gam M thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 7 gam nit o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Nu cho m gam M tc
dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Khi t chy hon ton m gam M thu c 28,6g CO 2. Cng thc phn
t ca A v B l:
A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O4.
B. CH2O2 v C3H4O4 .
C. C2H4O2 v C4H6O4
D. CH2O2 v
C4H6O2.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm HCOOH, CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1), hn hp Y gm CH3OH, C2H5OH (t l mol 2:3).
Ly 16,96 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 8,08 gam hn hp Y (c xc tc H 2SO4 c) thu c m gam este (hiu
sut cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,064 gam
B. 22,736 gam
C. 17,728 gam
D. 20,4352 gam
Cu 21: oxi ho a gam ancol metylic bi CuO nung nng thu c hn hp kh v hi X. Chia X thnh 3 phn
bng nhau:
Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 64,8 gam Ag
Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 d sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ktc
Phn 3: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho
CH3OH l:
A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. 100%
Cu 22: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm andehit fomic; axit axetic; Glucoz (C6H12O6); axit lactic
(C3H6O3). Sn phm chy thu c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 40g kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l:
Chuyn axitcacboxylic chn lc. Ngi son: Thanh Tng_sv khoa ha HKHTN-HQGHN

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A. 14,1
B. 12
c. 12,4
D. Khng xc nh
Cu 23: (TSC A 2010) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng
hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c
31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l:
A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O2
B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2
C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2
D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
Cu 24: Hn hp gm hai andehit n chc A v B c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1 un nng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th to ra 10,8 gam Ag
Phn 2 oxi ho to thnh hai axit tng ng sau cho 2 axit ny phn ng vi 250 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,26M c dung dch A. trung ho lng NaOH d trong dung dch A cn dng ng 100 ml dung
dch HCl 0,25M. c cn dung dch A, em t chy cht rn c cn to c 3,52 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O.
CTPT ca 2 andehit A v B l:
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO
B. HCHO v C2H3CHO
C. HCHO v CH3CHO
D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm axit hu c Y no, n chc v axit hu c Z hai chc (Y nhiu hn Z mt nguyn t
cacbon). Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 0,25 mol H2. t chy hon
ton phn 2, sinh ra 0,7 mol CO2. CTCT thu gn v % khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X l
A. HOOC-COOH v 70,87%
B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 29,13%
C. HOOC-COOH v 55,42%
D. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%
Cu 26: Hn hp X c C2H5OH, C2H5COOH, CH3CHO trong C2H5OH chim 50% theo s mol. t chy m
gam hn hp X thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 3,136 lt CO2 (ktc). Mt khc 13,2 gam hn hp X thc hin phn
ng trng bc thy c p gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca p l
A. 9,72.
B. 8,64.
C. 10,8.
D. 2,16.
Cu 27: Cho m gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic X,Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d
ancol propylic (trong H2SO4 c nng) thu c 14,25 gam hn hp hai este n chc. Cng cho m gam hn
hp hai axt trn tc dng vi Na d to ra 0,075 mol H 2. Gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100% v M Y > MX. Cng
thc cu to X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH
B. HCOOH, CH3COOH
C. CH2 = CHCOOH, CH2= CHCH2COOH
D. CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2 COOH
Cu 28: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol acrolein, 0,15 mol axit acrylic v 0,32 mol H 2. Nung nng hn hp c Ni lm
xc tc. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp hi c khi lng mol trung bnh bng 56,8. Hiu sut H 2 tham gia
phn ng l:
A. 84,38%
B. 85%
C. 95,32%
D. 80%
Cu 29: Cho a gam hn hp X gm 2 acid cacboxylic tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c V lt CO2. Mt khc,
t chy hon ton a gam hn hp X thu c V lt CO2. Th tch CO2 o cng iu kin. Vy 2 acid trong hn
hp X l:
A. CH2=CH-COOH v HCOOH
B. HCOOH v HOOC-COOH
C. HCOOH v CH2(COOH)2
D. CH2(COOH)2 v CH2=CH-COOH
Cu 30: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm C xHyCOOH; CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH thu c 2,688 lt
CO2 ( ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l
A. C2H3COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. C3H5COOH.
D. C2H5COOH.

Chuyn axitcacboxylic chn lc. Ngi son: Thanh Tng_sv khoa ha HKHTN-HQGHN