Giao Trinh Su Dung CNC Hoan Chinh

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.
HO CH MINH
Trung tam ao tao Viet - c
D an hp tac vi cong ti phan mem Toan Ky Thuat MTS,

C quan ho tr va hp tac phat trien GTZ CHLB c
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NGUYEN ANH TUAN
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Bien soan:
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CNC
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K THUAT
C S
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh 04.2001

Trung tam ao tao Viet c 1-3 Vo Van Ngan Thu c HCMC Viet Nam Fax: ++84.8.8966046; Tel.: ++84.8.8964575
MTS GmbH Kaiserin-Augusta-Alle 101 D 10553 Berlin Fax: ++49.30.34996025; Tel.: ++49.30.3499600
.c
CHAN THANH CAM N

Ong Tien s Hans Joachim Pfeiffer giam oc cong ti phan mem toan k thuat MTS Berlin;
Ong Trng oan chuyen gia Alois Mailly tai Trung tam ao tao Viet -c;
Ong Tien s Diego Marambio chuyen gia cua MTS Berlin;
Nha s pham nghe Bernd Koch chuyen gia cua MTS Berlin;
cung cac ong nghiep trong va ngoai Trung tam ao tao Viet -c
a ong vien giup toi hoan thanh cuon tai lieu nay
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TP. Ho Ch Minh, thang 04 nam 2001
NGUYEN ANH TUAN
LI NOI AU
Tai lieu nay c viet phuc vu lp boi dng kien thc CAD/CAM-CNC, tai Trung tam ao tao Viet c
cho cac Thay Co giao nganh c kh cac Trng cong nhan k thuat, Trung hoc k thuat, Cao ang va
ai hoc.
Tai lieu c bien soan trong thi gian rat han hep theo yeu cau m lp cua Trung tam Viet c cung
nh pha chuyen gia va cong ty ho tr MTS, GTZ CHLB C. Do vay khong the tranh khoi nhng thieu
sot nh: thuat ng chuyen mon, chnh ta, loi anh may, cung nh cha hoan thien ve mat noi dung va
hnh thc vv.
c
n
Cac tai lieu sau la phan nang cao khi co yeu cau rieng:
5. K thuat INCAD
6. CAM-Phay
7. CAM-Tien
8. Tien-Phay tren may tien CNC 5 truc
9. Bai giang cua cac giao trnh tren vi Powerpoint
.c
C s k thuat CNC
Mo phong Phay CNC vi phan mem MTS
Mo phong Tien CNC vi phan mem MTS
K thuat gia cong tren may phay cong nghiep Kunzmann
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bo tai lieu dung giang day tai TT. ao tao Viet-c hien gom 4 cuon can ban:
Mat khac do yeu cau cua a so cac Thay Co muon s dung tap tin goc nay e phuc vu thuan li cho
cong tac soan thao bai giang sau nay, nen chung toi cung manh dan gi tang ti Thay Co tai lieu nay
vi tinh than ay la tai san chung nham phuc vu cho phat trien cong nghe CAD/CAM-CNC at nc
chung ta va cung la mong muon cua pha ban CHLB c.
a ch lien he nh sau:
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Chan thanh cam n cac Thay Co!
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Chung toi rat mong nhan c nhng ong gop quy bau cua cac Thay, Co nham ngay mot hoan
chnh hn tai lieu nay ong thi co nhieu hp tac tch cc trong tng lai.
NGUYEN ANH TUAN
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- NR: 17 ng Cay Keo, KP.1, F. Tam Phu, Q. Thu c, TP. HCM
- CQ: Trung Tam ao Tao Viet c Trng ai Hoc S Pham K Thuat

01 Vo Van Ngan, Q. Thu c, TP. HCM
- TNR + Fax:
++84.(0)8.7200202
- Mob.
++84.(0)91 81 35 553
- TCQ:
++84.(0)8.8960541, ++84.(0)8.8964575
- Fax:
++84.(0)8.8966046
- E-Mail:
tuanna@hcmute.edu.vn hoac
nat0508@hotmail.com
MUC LUC
1 C s k thuat CNC
1.1 Lch s phat trien k thuat CNC
Cac giai oan phat trien t may thong thng ti san xuat vi s ho tr cua may tnh
1.2 So sanh may cong cu thong thng vi may cong cu CNC
7
8
Cau truc
Chc nang
Tnh kinh te
10
1.3 ac iem cau truc may cong cu CNC hien ai
11
11
He thong o hanh trnh
13
Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac
15
Cac truc bc tien va truc xoay ieu khien c
Thiet b kep
Thiet b ga va thay dung cu cat
.c
An toan lao ong ben may CNC

Kiem tra kien thc: CNC can ban
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2 C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

2.1 He thong toa o tren may cong cu CNC
Cac dang he toa o
He toa o e-cac
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He toa o cc
16
16
18
19
21
21
21
21
23
24
Cac truc xoay va truc bc tien tren may cong cu CNC
28
nh ngha he toa o lien quan ti may va chi tiet
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V tr va k hieu cac truc NC
28
29
Ghi kch thc ung NC
29
Mo phong CNC
31
Luyen tap xng
32
2.2 Tnh toan NC
33
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Cac hng dch chuyen tren may cong cu CNC
33
C s tnh toan cac toa o

Cac k hieu danh ngha cua mot tam giac
33
Cac ham so goc
33
Tam giac vuong
34
Cac ham so lng giac
35
Tnh toan cac toa o NC
2.3 Cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may CNC
36
38
Cac dang iem chuan va iem 0
38
at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may tien CNC
41
at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC
42
2.4 ieu khien so tren may cong cu CNC
53
ieu khien mach h va mach kn (ieu khien chuoi va tuan hoan)
53
ieu khien CNC
53
Cau truc va chc nang
53
Nhap va s l d lieu
53
Cac dang ieu khien CNC
56
Van hanh DNC
59
ac trng cua van hanh DNC
59
Nhap va s l d lieu trong van hanh DNC
59
u iem cua van hanh DNC
60
2.5 Hieu chnh dung cu cho gia cong CNC
61
61
Y ngha va muc ch cua viec hieu chnh dung cu

Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat cho phay va tien
Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat
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Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay

o va hieu chnh dung cu vi thiet b hieu chnh
Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao tien
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62
62
64
68
68
Cac bc o va hieu chnh dung cu
69
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Cau truc va chc nang cua thiet b hieu chnh dung cu
o va hieu chnh dung cu vi vi ho tr cua may CNC
o dung cu trc tiep tren may tien CNC
Xac nh sai lech can va thc vi cac cach thc k thuat khac nhau
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2.6 He thong o hanh trnh
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70
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Phng phap o hanh trnh
74
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Bc tien, ieu khien va ieu chnh v tr cac truc NC

o hanh trnh tuyet oi va tng oi
74
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3 C s cong nghe gia cong CNC
85
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Kiem tra kien thc: C s hnh hoc
3.1 He thong dung cu CNC cho tien va phay
85
85
Can dao
85
Li cat manh hp kim cng
86
Can ga
3.2 Cau truc va cac bo phan cua dao tien cho gia cong CNC
90
Cac dang dao tien va k hieu ISO
90
Vat lieu li cat
91
Kim cng
92
Dang hnh hoc li cat
93
Mon dao va tuoi ben
94
Thong so gia tr cat
95
V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
97
3.3 Cau truc va cac bo phan cua dao phay cho gia cong CNC
102
Phay va phng phap phay
102
Cac dang dao phay va k hieu ISO

Vat lieu li cat
102
105
Kim cng
105
Dang hnh hoc li cat
106
Thong so gia tr cat
108
V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
110
3.4 Tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
115
V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong tien CNC
115
V du tnh toan thong so che o cat cho gia cong phay CNC
123
3.5 He thong kep CNC
128
Cac dang va k hieu thiet b kep e tien

Cac dang va k hieu thiet b kep e phay
Kiem tra kien thc: C s cong nghe
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4 Lap trnh NC can ban

4.1 To chc va qua trnh lap trnh NC thu cong
131
140
151
153
153
153
Trnh t to chc lap trnh NC

Thiet lap chng trnh bo phap chuan b san xuat
154
154
Thiet lap chng trnh pham vi xng
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Khac nhau can ban gia chuan b gia cong cho may thong thng va may CNC
S khac nhau gia lap trnh thu cong va lap trnh may
155
155
157
am bao chat lng trong gia cong CNC
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Cac bc nguyen tac lap trnh thu cong tai cho lam viec
Tieu chuan lap trnh NC
4.2 C s lap trnh NC
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Cau truc cau lenh
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Cau truc t lenh
161
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Cau truc chng trnh NC
So sanh cac ma lenh chng trnh NC cua cac he ieu khien CNC khac nhau
4.3 Lap trnh NC can ban
Cac bc lap trnh NC thu cong
163
168
168
Phan tch ban ve che tao
168
Xac nh trnh t cong viec
169
La chon o ga va dung cu cat can thiet
170
Thiet lap chng trnh NC
170
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho tien
171
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho phay
191
Kiem tra kien thc: Lap trnh NC can ban
206
Phu luc
Li giai
207
ap an cac cau hoi kiem tra kien thc
211
Ten cac loai dao phay thng dung
218
K thuat CNC can ban
KHAI QUAT VE KY THUAT CNC
1.1 Lch s phat trien cua ky thuat CNC

Cac giai oan phat trien t may cong cu thong thng ti he thong san xuat vi s tch
hp cua may tnh (CIM)
Y tng ve s phat trien ieu khien so (Numerical control = NC) cho may cong cu c hnh thanh vao
nam 1949/50 tai Vien cong nghe Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,
USA). V nhiem vu cua Khong lc Hoa Ky can che tao nhng chi tiet quan trong cua nhng may bay
ln t vat lieu ong nhat hn la dung inh tan hay han cac vat lieu lai vi nhau.
Khi gia cong nhng chi tiet ln co bien dang phc tap vi ky thuat thong thng, th thi gian gia cong
rat ln va chi ph san xuat cao. Do o sau mot thi gian nghien cu, bien dang gia cong cua nhng chi
tiet ln co the de dang c thay the bi cac chc nang toan hoc va ngi ta a quyet nh che tao mot
bo ieu khien e ieu khien mot may phay da tren c s nay.
n
1990
CAM
CIM
.c
(Computer
integrated
manufacturing
with
He
thong san xuat vi s tch hp cua
may tnh vi chc nang lap ke
hoach, thiet ke va t ong san xuat.
planning,
design
and
manufacturing):
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Hnh 1:
S phat trien cua k thuat CIM
1980
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1970
ieu khien so vi s tch hp cua

may tnh.
(Flexible manufacturing system) : He thong
san xuat linh hoat .
(Computer aided drawing/design): Ve/thiet
ke vi s tr giup cua may tnh.
(Computer aided manufacturing): San xuat
vi s tr giup cua may tnh.
CAD
ieu khien so.
(Numerical control with integrated computer):
1960
NC
1950
FFS
(Numerical control):
c
n
CIM
CAD / CAM
CAD
FFS
CNC
NC
CNC
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Ve mat ky thuat e thc hien y tng nay yeu cau mot bo ieu khien, no bien dch cac ai lng au
vao c mo ta di dang nh phan va dang so cho cac hanh trnh chuyen ong va cac chc nang van
hanh may, theo o may phay co the hieu va s ly cac tn hieu nay. ay la nguyen tac c ban ng dung
ieu khien so cho cac may cong cu. Vi s phat trien nhanh chong cua x ly tn hieu ien t a tao
ieu kien cho y tng tren tr thanh hien thc.
May ieu khien so au tien la may phay ng. Cac truc bc tien lam dch chuyen ban may cua may
phay c thc hien bi tng cac mot rieng biet. Cac thong tin hanh trnh va chc nang may can thiet
cho qua trnh gia cong c ghi lai tren bang uc lo di dang chuoi cac lenh a c ma hoa dang
ch va so, goi la mot chng trnh NC.
May cong cu ieu khien so au
tien a ch ro cac ac iem cua cac may NC phat trien sau nay:
Toan bo chng trnh gia cong c ghi lai tren bang uc lo .

May tnh ieu khien viec x ly cac thong tin hanh trnh va chc nang may.
Truyen ong rieng biet cho tng truc bc tien va truc chnh e ieu khien chuyen ong cua
dao va ban may.
He thong o va kiem e phan hoi v tr cua dung cu cat cho he ieu khien trong may tnh.
Gia nhng nam 50, hau het cac nha san xuat may cong cu a bat au san xuat va phat trien may
phay ieu khien so va ngay sau o la may tien NC. S phat rtien nhanh chong cua cac linh kien vi ien
Trung tam ao tao Viet c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 04. 2001
MTS GmbH 1997
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
K thuat CNC can ban

t nh cac bo vi s ly va may vi tnh a tao ieu kien cho he ieu kien NC phat trien thanh he ieu kien
CNC (Computerized numerical control = CNC) vao au nhng nam 70.
Vi s ong gop cua cac bo vi s ly toc o cao ngay cang gia tang, a tao ieu kien m rong kha
nang hoat ong cua may cong cu ieu khien so. Cac bo vi s ly hien thi va he ieu khien CNC cung
nh may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh lo-gic (PLC), a nang cao hieu qua cua chng trnh
NC ve o chnh xac gia cong, toc o cua dung cu cat cung nh cong suat cat. He ieu khien CNC hien
ai co the co nhieu cac chc nang khac, co kha nang lap trnh trc tiep e gia cong cac chi tiet co
dang hnh hoc phc tap ma khong phai tnh toan thong qua s ho tr cua cong cu toan hoc.
S phat trien khong ngng cua may cong cu CNC ang dien ra trong s hp tac gia cac nha san xuat
linh kien vi ien t, ieu khien CNC, may cong cu va dung cu cat. Ngoai ra ngi s dung cung tao
ieu kien cho nhp o phat trien nhanh chong nay, do luon oi hoi cao va yeu cau nhng giai phap tot
nhat va mi nhat. Cac trung tam gia cong CNC, cac he thong san xuat linh hoat (FFS) va cac nha may
san xuat t ong cao (CIM) a anh dau bc phat trien quan trong cua may cong cu ieu khien bang
chng trnh so.
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Cac oi hoi hien tai t pha cac nha s dung:

Cong giao tiep vi kha nang cong suat ln e luon truyen tai nhanh dung lng ln cac d
lieu.
Cac trung tam gia cong ong bo vi o chnh xac cao nhat, v du: cac may tien t 7- 32 truc
NC, nhieu truc gia cong hn va cac dung cu phay linh hoat cat tren may tien.
Gia cong vi toc o cao trng hp tien, phay va khoan vi o chnh xac cao nhat cho quy
ao ong.
Giam thieu cong viec lap trnh cho tng nhiem vu gia cong.
He thong lap trnh NC n gian va hieu qua cao vi mo phong ong-tng ho cho qua trnh
gia cong.
Phan tch loi vi s ho tr cua o hoa tren cac may cong cu CNC va he thong san xuat
chung.
1.2 So sanh may cong cu thong thng va CNC
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Cau truc
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May cong cu CNC c thiet ke c ban giong nh may cong cu thong thng. S khac nhau that s la
cho cac bo phan lien quan en tien trnh gia cong cua may cong cu CNC c ieu khien bi may
tnh.
Cac hn
g dch chuyen cua cac bo phan may cong cu ieu khien CNC c xac nh bi mot he truc
toa o, he truc toa o nay lien quan en chi tiet gia cong va the hien cac truc bc tien, chung nam
song song vi cac dch chuyen chnh-thang cua may. Nhng chuyen ong can thiet cho tien trnh gia
cong cua cac bo phan may (ban may, au
revolver va cac bo phan khac) c tnh toan, ieu khien va
kiem tra bi may tnh. Vi muc ch nay moi chuyen ong cua cac bo phan may co mot he thong o
rieng e tnh toan, kiem tra cac v tr tng ng va phan hoi thong tin nay ve he ieu khien.

MTS GmbH 1997
K thuat CNC can ban
Chc nang
Bang di ay so sanh nhng chc nang c ban gia may cong cu thong thng, may cong cu NC va
may cong cu CNC
May cong cu NC
May cong cu CNC
Nhap d lieu:
Ngi cong nhan ieu chnh
may cong cu bang tay da theo
nhiem vu san xuat va ban ve
chi tiet, ga phoi va dung cu cat
cung nh ieu chnh o song
song gia dao va chi tiet.
Nhap d lieu:
Chng trnh NC c nhap
vao he ieu khien NC bi bang
uc lo.
Nhap d lieu:
Chng trnh NC co the c nhap
vao he ieu khien CNC thong qua
ban phm, a hoac cong giao tiep
(seriell, Bus). Nhieu chng trnh
NC c lu tr trong 1 bo lu tr
nh a cng.
ieu khien bang tay:

Ngi cong nhan cai at cac
thong so cong nghe (so vong
quay, lng chay dao...) va
ieu khien viec gia cong thong
qua cac tay quay.
ieu khien NC:

ieu khien NC s l cac thong
tin ve ng dch chuyen va
cac chc nang may trong
chng trnh NC va a ra cac
tn hieu ieu khien tng ng
ti tng cac bo phan hnh thanh
may NC.
ieu khien CNC:

May tnh va phan mem tng ng
tch hp trong he ieu khien CNC
lam nhiem vu ieu khien va ieu
chnh may cong cu CNC. Bo lu
tr chng trnh, chng trnh con,
d lieu may, kch thc dung cu
cat va cac gia tr hieu chnh cung
nh cac chu trnh gia cong c
s dung. Thong thng phan mem
phan tch loi cung c tch hp
trong he ieu khien CNC.
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May cong cu thong thng
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Kiem tra:
Kiem tra:
Ngi cong nhan o va kiem May NC a
am nhan trong
tra kch thc bang tay, neu khi gia cong at cac kch thc
can thiet phai lap lai tien trnh chi tiet bi s phan hoi thng
gia cong.
xuyen cua he thong o va cua
motor v tr.

MTS GmbH 1997
Kiem tra:
May CNC am nhan trong khi gia
cong at cac kch thc chi tiet bi
s phan hoi lien tuc cua he thong
o va cac motor v tr c ieu
chnh so vong quay. Nh co cac
cam bien o c tch hp ma viec
kiem tra kch thc at c ngay
trong suot qua trnh gia cong.
ong thi co the thc hien tiep tuc
viec s l trong he ieu khien CNC,
v du e th nghiem va toi u hoa
mot chng trnh NC mi.
K thuat CNC can ban
Tnh kinh te
u iem cua may cong cu CNC
Tnh kinh te at c cao vi may cong cu CNC bi toc o gia cong cao cung nh thi gian gia
cong c ban, thi gian phu, thi gian chuan b va thi gian ket thuc giam. Cac nhan to anh hng
sau ay tac ong manh ti tnh kinh te cua may CNC:
- Lap trnh trc tiep tren may bi kha nang nhap bang tay.
- Viec am trach bo phan chuan b chuan b san xuat cho viec lap trnh, san sang vat lieu cung
nh dung cu cat va nhap cac d lieu c thc hien tai cho lam viec.
- Lu tr trong cac trng hp gia cong lap lai cua mot chng trnh gia cong chi tiet ac biet
di dang chng trnh con.
- Toi u hoa chng trnh NC trong he ieu khien.
- Mo ta hnh dang chi tiet gia cong thong qua viec cho dang hnh hoc n gian.
- Chay dao t ong cho en khi at kch thc.
- T ong van hanh cac chc nang cua may va trc tiep can thiep khi xay ra loi hoac b nhieu.
- Quan sat t ong qua trnh gia cong thong qua he ieu khien CNC (o va kiem tra t ong).
- He thong o dao cha nhieu dao.
- Co kha nang chuan b dung cu cat ben ngoai may ma khong anh hng en qua trnh gia cong.
Chat lng chi tiet gia cong on nh, t phe pham.
Lam tang o chnh xac gia cong, do cap chnh xac cua may cao (1/1000mm o chnh xac o).
Thi gian gia cong ngan thong qua viec to chc san xuat va trung lap cong viec.
Thi gian van hanh may cao.
Tnh linh hoat trong san xuat cao bi he thong gia cong va do vay gia cong hp l cho loat nho hoac
gia cong n chiec vi o phc tap cao.
.c
c
n
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
Do nhng u iem tren nen may cong cu CNC chiem u the trong gia cong cat got. Pham vi ng dung
rong (xem hnh 2) la ac iem tieu bieu cua may cong cu CNC.
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Nang suat
o phc tap va o chnh xac gia cong
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May cong cu CNC
May cong cu thong thng
Hnh 2
Pham vi ng dung cua may cong cu CNC
Nhng yeu cau khi s dung may cong cu CNC
e van hanh va lap trnh tren may cong cu CNC, nhat thiet oi hoi ngi van hanh may phai co trnh o
cao. Nhieu kinh nghiem t gia cong tren may thong thng khong the ng dung cho gia cong CNC do
toc o cat cao hn rat nhieu.

MTS GmbH 1997
10
K thuat CNC can ban
1.3 ac iem cua may cong cu CNC hien ai

ieu khien truc quay va truc bc tien
Gia cong chi tiet tren may cong cu CNC oi hoi cac truc bc tien co the c ieu khien va ieu
chnh, chung c truyen ong bi cac ong c servo oc lap. Do o cac tay quay chnh yeu cua may
cong cu thong thng khong con dung en tren may cong cu CNC hien ai.
.c
Cac may tien CNC (xem hnh 3), co t nhat 2 truc bc tien co the ieu khien hay ieu chnh, c
anh dau theo phng X va phng Z.
c
n
Hnh 3
Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren may tien
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Cac may phay CNC (xem hnh 4), co t nhat 3 truc bc tien co the ieu khien hay ieu chnh, c
anh dau theo cac phng X, Y va Z.
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Hnh 4
Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren may phay

MTS GmbH 1997
11
K thuat CNC can ban

Ngoai chuyen ong doc theo cac truc X, Y va Z con co the ieu khien cac chuyen ong quay quanh
moi truc.
Cac chuyen ong quay nay co the c ieu khien va c anh dau bang A, B va C (xem hnh 5).
+Y
+B
+A
+X
+C
.c
+Z
Hnh 5
Cac truc quay va truc bc tien trong he toa o e-cac
c
n
Thong thng co cac truc bc tien ieu khien c tiep theo, cac truc nay c k hieu bi U, V va W.
Them vao o la cac truc quay ieu chnh c e co the xoay ban may, truc oi xng va thiet b mang
dao khong b phu thuoc vao cac truc bc tien. Chung c k hieu bang A, B va C.
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ong c, ly hp c kh chong lai s qua tai cung nh c ieu khien bang ien t.
Vt me bi lam cho qua trnh truyen lc khong co khe h.
Cam bien o nh he thong o hanh trnh hau het c at cuoi moi truc.
Khuech ai cong suat vi cac thiet b giao tiep bang so (digital) hoac tng t (analog) e
ieu khien CNC.
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Xa dao va ban may khi gia cong c dch chuyen bi cac truyen ong bc tien, nhng truyen ong
nay phai ap ng c cac yeu cau cao nhat v o chnh xac gia cong va o chnh xac lap lai cao. Do
vay cac chuyen ong cua moi truc phai c tien hanh vi toc o bc tien cao cao va thi gian nh v
la nho nhat. e ap ng nhng yeu cau tren mot c cau truyen ong hien ai (xem hnh 6) bao gom
cac thanh phan sau:
Truyen ong bc tien c lien ket vi thiet b o cho viec o v tr c chnh xac. Moi truc bc tien
can mot he thong o hanh trnh vi viec s l t ong cac tn hieu o. Khoang c ng dung khi o
chieu dai thong thng mang tr so 0.001 mm, rieng truc X cua may tien (Kch thc ng knh) can la
0.0005 va trng hp may mai chnh xac la 0.0001.
2
3
ong c bc tien
Ban may
He thong o
Vt me bi
ai oc bi
Hnh 6
Truyen ong bc tien cua ban may vi vt me bi
MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban

e at o chnh xac trong qua trnh dch chuyen, cac c cau truyen ong thng dung vt me bi. Neu
chuyen ong cua truc chnh c thc hien bi ong c, th ai oc bi dch chuyen hau nh khong co
khe h theo chieu doc va ay xa dao hoac ban may tng ng doc theo bang may (xem hnh 7). Trong
suot qua trnh truyen ong hai na cua ai oc bi c kep ta vao vi nhau bao am khe h va ma sat
cua ren la nho nhat. e bao am khe h ren la nho nhat hai na cua ai oc bi c hieu chnh trc,
do vay o chnh xac kch thc khi gia cong co the at c. Kha nang loi ve bc cua truc vt me bi co
the c can oi t ong bi s hieu chnh loi ve bc cua truc. Nhng kha nang khac nh thanh
rang/banh rang va truc vt/ai oc.
2
1
ai oc bi
Vong em
Truc truyen ong
c
n
Hnh 7
Truyen ong vt me bi vi ai oc hai na khong co khe h
.c
Vong cach e ieu chnh khe h bi
Sai so gia cong trong qua trnh san xuat truc vt me bi co the c hieu chnh bi he thong CNC hien
ai vi s can oi loi ve bc cua truc. Them vao o cac dung sai c nhan biet vi he thong o lade (laser) va c lu tr trong he ieu khien CNC.
He thong o hanh trnh
tr
i
Tuy thuoc vao dang thiet b o c s dung hoac thang o e phan biet gia o v tr trc tiep va gian
tiep cung nh o v tr tuyet oi va tng oi. Thc o c o trc tiep mang lai gia tr o chnh xac
nhat.
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Khi o v tr trc tiep (xem hnh 8), thc o c gan tren ban xa dao hay tren ban may, v the o
khong chnh xac cua truc chnh va khp noi truyen ong khong anh hng en gia tr o.
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Cac gia tr o c nhan biet bi mot cam bien quang hoc tren co chia vach cua thang o, Cam bien
o bien oi cac gia tr o a xac nh sang tn hieu ien va chuyen chung cho he ieu khien.
au oc
Thc quang
Y
1
2
Hnh 8
o v tr trc tiep

MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban

Khi o v tr gian tiep (xem hnh 9), chuyen ong dch chuyen at c t chuyen ong quay cua vt
me bi, chuyen ong quay nay c thi hanh vi mot a xung nh la mot thc o. Chuyen ong quay
cua a xung c ghi nhan t mot xung quay va c chuyen tiep he ieu khien nh la mot tn hieu.
Sau o he ieu khien tnh toan chnh xac chuyen ong cua ban may hay v tr hien tai cua chung da
tren so cac xung quay.
1
Ban may
a xung nh mot thang o

Vt me bi
Cam bien (cam bien vong quay)
.c
Hnh 9
o v tr gian tiep
Thang o c ma hoa nhp

phan
V tr tc thi cua ban may
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0 12345678
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Khi o v tr tuyet oi (xem hnh 10), mot thang o a c ma hoa hien th trc tiep v tr cua ban may
lien quan ti mot iem nh hng co nh tren may. iem nay la iem khong 0 cua may, no c xac
nh bi nha che tao may. ieu kien la pham vi oc cua thang o cung ln nh pham vi lam viec va s
ma hoa nh phan c thc hien tren thang o, do vay he ieu khien co the hieu c trat t gia tr so
cho moi v tr oc c.
Hnh 10
o v tr tuyet oi
Khi o v tr tng oi (xem hnh 11), thang o c ng dung vi mot li vach n gian, chung hnh
thanh t cac vach sang toi xen ke nhau. Khi chuyen ong bc tien vt qua cam bien o, cam bien se
em so cac vet sang va vet toi va tnh toan v tr tc thi cua ban may da vao s khac biet ti v tr ban
may trc o.
He ieu khien phai c nhan biet mot lan v tr tuyet oi, t o no mi co the tnh toan v tr ban may
tc thi vi s ho tr cua viec o v tr tng oi, iem nay c s dung nh la mot iem chuan. Do o
can thiet phai nhan biet iem tuyet oi nay khi he ieu khien c khi ong. iem tuyet oi nay c
goi la iem tham chieu. Moi chuyen ong cua cac truc, tham ch khi dch chuyen bang tay qua s
dung cac tay quay hay nut bam can phai c nhan biet iem nay cho he ieu khien.

MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban
4
Li vach
V tr trc cua ban may
V tr hien tai cua ban may
Ban may iem tham chieu
Hnh 11
o v tr tng oi
V he ieu khien anh mat s kiem soat cac chuyen ong c kh khi mat ien do vay khi khi ong lai
phai cho may chay ve iem tham chieu.
.c
Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac
c
n
Truyen ong chnh cua may CNC phai truyen cong suat cat can thiet bi cac ong c truyen ong
tng ng qua truc cong tac e gia cong chi tiet thch hp. Ngoai ra con co ton that do ma sat thng
gap trong bo phan c kh ma o tac ong ve mat kch thc cua no phai c xac nh cho may CNC.
o on nh cao ve mat truyen ong c at ra, mac du lc gia cong cao nhng momen quay moi v
tr phai c on nh. ong thi phai co u ong lc e lam chu s thay oi nhanh chong cua toc o cat
va khong b rung ong.
cu CNC c truyen ong
yeu cau ve so vong quay
c nay c ieu chnh vo
cac choi than b mai mon,
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Trc kia cac truc cong tac va truc truyen ong oi xng tren cac may cong
bang ong c ien mot chieu. e gi cho toc o cat on nh can co nhng
cua cac mot, v du e tien cac ng knh khac nhau, toc o cua cac ong
cap trong mot pham vi rong. Nhc iem cua ong c ien mot chieu nay la
do o can phai kiem tra thng xuyen choi than va thay the kp thi.
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Vi s phat trien tien bo cua cac linh kien vi ien t, ngay nay hau het s dung ong c ien ba pha.
Bat li ve ieu khien so vong quay phc tap a c bo qua thay vao o la gia thanh cao bi ieu
khien bang ien t.
Co hai loai ong c ba pha: ong c khong ong bo va ong c ong bo. Chung co u iem hn so vi
ong c ien mot chieu. Khi cung kch thc momen quay at c cao hn. Ngoai ra so vong quay
cao hn ti ba lan va cong suat c ban cao hn. Cac ong c nay lam viec khong can choi than, khong
co co gop do vay khong oi hoi cao viec bao tr.
Truc cong tac c tieu chuan hoa e am bao kha nang thay oi toi a cua cac thiet bi kep. Trong
may CNC truc cong tac cung nh cac bo phan khac c che tao chac chan hn so vi may cong cu
thong thng v gia toc nhanh hn (10 en 40m/s) va cong suat cat cao hn.

MTS GmbH 1997
15
K thuat CNC can ban
Thiet b kep chi tiet

Cac thiet b kep dung e nh v chnh xac va kep chat chi tiet gia cong tren truc cong tac (oi vi tien)
hoac tren ban may (oi vi phay). Chi tiet gia cong phai c kep sao cho tuyet oi khong con khe h,
v tr phai c xac nh mot cach chnh xac va chac chan ong thi hoan toan chong lai lc cat. Thiet
b kep chi tiet rat phong phu va a dang.
Trong tng lai viec cap va lay chi tiet gia cong trong gia cong tien se c thc hien bi tay may
(robot). Cac mam cap ieu khien c vi nhieu dang khac nhau ang c s dung pho bien. Nhng
mam cap nay c thiet ke cho phep ieu khien viec ong, m cac chau kep t ong bang kh nen
hoac bang thuy lc. Lc kep co the c ieu chnh cao hoac thap phu thuoc vao trong lng, vat lieu,
chieu dai/ng knh cua chi tiet, chieu sau kep va cac ac iem cat khac.
Nhng mam cap lam viec vi so vong quay cao eu co s hieu chnh lc ly tam, do o lc kep khong b
giam bi lc ly tam. Can oi lc ly tam la dung mot oi trong vi lc ly tam cua cac chau kep, lc kep
c gi on nh vi s hieu chnh nay. Lam viec gia hai mui tam thong thng c s dung mam
toc, toc mat au va mui tam xoay ieu khien c. Cac chi tiet nho c kep bi he thong kep rut.
c
n
.c
Trong gia cong phay CNC chc nang chnh cua thiet b kep la nh v chnh xac v tr cua chi tiet. Viec
kep chi tiet can c dien ra sao cho kep va thay oi chi tiet gia cong mot cach de dang, chnh xac, va
nhanh chong. Cac eto kep thuy lc c s dung trong cac qua trnh gia cong cac chi tiet n gian.
Trng hp chi tiet phay gia cong nhieu pha th viec gia cong ong bo oi hoi cang t lan kep cang
tot. Trng hp gia cong chi tiet phay phc tap can phai che tao o ga cung nh kha nang xoay t
ong hoac dung he thong o ga modul hoan chnh do vay cho phep gia cong ong bo ma khong can
phai oi kep. Cac tam ga giup ngi van hanh may ga at chi tiet gia cong tiep theo ben ngoai khong
gian lam viec cua may CNC, sau o c t ong mang vao ung v tr gia cong, hnh thc nay ang
c s dung rong rai.
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Thiet b ga va thay dao
May cong cu CNC c trang b vi

nhng thiet b co the ieu khien e thay
dao t ong. Tuy thuoc vao dang cau
truc va pham vi ng dung, nhng thiet
b thay dao nay co the ong thi cha
c nhieu dao khac nhau va lap at
dao vao v tr cong tac theo chng trnh
NC. Thng co cac loai sau:
au rvolve cha dao.

O cha dao.
au rvolve cha dao thng dung cho

may tien (xem hnh 12) va o cha dao
thng dung cho may phay (xem hnh
13).
Khi chng trnh NC goi mot dao mi
au rvolve se quay dao c yeu cau
vao ung v tr cong tac, cong viec thay
dao ch dien ra trong vai giay.
Hnh 12
au rvolve cha dao

MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban
.c
Phu thuoc vao dang cau truc va kch thc, au rvolve cua may tien-CNC co the mang 8 en 16 dao.
Trong nhng trung tam gia cong ln co en 3 au rvolve co the c s dung ong thi. Neu trong
cac trung tam gia cong can nhieu hn 48 dao, th o cha dao vi cac dang khac nhau co the cha en
100 dao hoac nhieu hn na. Co cac loai o cha dao dai, o cha dao vong, o cha dao dang a, o
cha dao dang xch (xem hnh 13) va o cha dao dang hop.
c
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Hnh13
O cha dao dang xch
Can thay dao

Truc cong tac (truc chnh)
O cha dao
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Hnh 14
Thiet b thay dao t ong
Trong o cha dao, viec thay oi dao dien ra do mot he thong can gat goi la can thay dao (xem hnh 14)
thc hien. Qua trnh thay oi dao vi can gat kep dien ra sau khi co mot dao mi c goi t chng
trnh NC nh sau:
nh v dao mong muon tren o cha dao vao v tr thay dao.
Truc cong tac v tr thay dao.
Quay thiet b kep dao (can gat) vao v tr dao cu tren truc cong tac va vao v tr dao mi tren
o cha dao.
Lay cac dao tren truc cong tac va o cha dao, sau o quay thiet b kep dao.
at dao mi vao truc cong tac va dao cu vao o cha dao.
Quay thiet b kep dao ve v tr ban au.
Nh thiet b thay dao t ong nay nen tien trnh thay dao ch dien ra trong khoang 6 en 15 giay, thiet b
thay dao nhanh nhat hien nay at c la mot giay.
MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban
An toan lao ong ben may cong cu CNC
Muc ch cua an toan lao ong la loai tr cac tai nan cho ngi s dung, cac h hong co the xay ra cho
may va cac thiet b!
Ve c ban an toan lao ong ben may cong cu CNC tng t nh may cong cu thong thng, chung co
the c xep vao 3 dang sau:
Loai tr nguy hiem.
Cac thieu thon tren may va tren cac thiet b can thiet cho cong viec phai c thong bao ngay
lap tc.
Loi thoat hiem phai luon c e trong.
Khong nen mang nhng vat ben nhon trong ngi.
Thao ong ho va nhan khi lam viec.
Xac nh va ghi nh vung nguy hiem.

Cac thiet b an toan va cac bien ch dan khong c phep dch chuyen hoac lam te liet.
Cac bo phan chuyen ong va giao nhau phai c che chan.
Phong nga cac nguy hiem.

Phai mang o bao ho lao ong e tranh cac tia la va tieng on.
Phai eo knh bao ve hoac mat na e bao ve mat.
Cac day ien h khong c phep s dung.
.c
c
n
Khi ieu chnh va van hanh may CNC can ac biet quan tam en cac van e sau:
Thong thng, ch cho phep ieu chnh khi may a c ngng. Ngoai tr cac trng hp khi
ieu chnh can phai m may, nh trng hp ra chi tiet gia cong.
Ngi van hanh khong nen vao vung co chuyen ong quay hoac vung lam viec cua may, v
trong vung nay may co the thc hien cac chuyen ong quay cua au rvolve hay cac chuyen
ong tnh tien cua ban may.
Phai tuan theo cac ch dan an toan cua nha san xuat may.
Xng
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Can chu y en cac yeu cau k thuat an toan sau ay:

Phai cai then an toan e chong lai viec gia cong cac chi tiet b ga at sai hoac khong u cng
vng, e tranh vang cua cac phan t chuyen ong.
Phai khoa cac thiet b kep chi tiet tren may CNC
Gi khoang cach an toan gia cac bo phan nho ra xa cua cac may CNC lan can trong he thong
mang may CNC va
Tranh phoi vang cung nh tia phun cua nc trn nguoi.
Hut bui khong kh trong khong gian may.
Mo ta tng bo phan hnh thanh may CNC trong xng CNC.

Can ch ro va giai thch cac bo phan cau thanh may cong cu hien hu.
ac biet nhan manh s giong va khac nhau gia may cong cu thong thng va may cong cu CNC.

MTS GmbH 1997
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K thuat CNC can ban
Cau hoi kiem tra C s k thuat CNC

Hay giai thch s khac nhau can ban gia may cong cu thong thng va CNC?
2.
Cac ac trng nao mo ta may cong cu ieu khien so?
3.
Nhng u iem cua may CNC so vi may thong thng?
4.
Tai sao cac truc bc tien tren may CNC phai ieu chnh c ?
5.
Truyen ong bc tien hien ai hnh thanh t nhng bo phan nao?
6.
May tien CNC phai co toi thieu bao nhieu truc bc tien?
7.
Cac truc bc tien cua may tien CNC c k hieu nh the nao?
8.
May phay CNC phai co toi thieu bao nhieu truc bc tien?
9.
Cac truc bc tien cua may phay CNC c k hieu nh the nao?
10.
Hay neu v du ve cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren cac may cong cu CNC?
11.
Cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren may tien CNC cho ta nhng kha nang nao?
12.
Cac truc xoay ieu khien c tren may phay CNC cho ta nhng kha nang nao?
13.
Hay giai thch y ngha va tac dung cua truc vt-me bi?
14.
Hay neu s khac nhau c ban gia o v tr trc tiep va gian tiep?
15.
o v tr tuyet oi phan biet nh the nao so vi o v tr tng oi?
16.
Hay neu u iem ma cac moto truyen ong chnh ieu chnh c so vong quay mang lai?
17.
Co cac thiet b thay dao t ong nao tren may cong cu CNC?
18.
Hay neu cac dang o cha dao tren may phay CNC?
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1.

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C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC
2 C S HNH HOC CHO GIA CONG CNC

2.1 He toa o tren may cong cu CNC
Cac dang he toa o tren may CNC
Cac he toa o co kha nang mo ta chnh xac tat ca cac iem tren be mat lam viec hoac trong khong
gian. Ve c ban cac he toa o c chia thanh:
He toa o e -cac va
He toa o cc
He toa o e-cac
He toa o e-cac, hoac con goi la he toa o vuong goc dung e mo ta chnh xac tat ca cac iem. Co
hai loai he toa o e-cac:
He toa o hai truc (he toa o e -cac phang),

He toa o ba truc (he toa o e- cac khong gian),
chung c at thang goc vi nhau.
.c
Trong he toa o e-cac phang, v du nh he toa o X,Y. Moi iem trong mat phang c xac nh ro
rang bi viec nhap cap toa o (X, Y). Khoang cach t 1 iem en truc Y goi la toa o X va khoang cach
t 1 iem en truc X goi la toa o Y. Nhng toa o nay co the co dau dng (+) hoac dau am (-) (Xem
hnh 15).
V du:
P2
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P1
X = 80
Y = 40
P2
X = -80
Y = 70
P3
X = -50
Y = -40
P4
X = 40
Y = -70
P4
P3
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P1
c
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Hnh 15
He toa o e-cac vi 2 truc (X,Y)
Neu mot ban ve chi tiet c at trong he toa o nay th tat ca cac iem quan trong cua chi tiet c
xac nh. Phu thuoc vao iem 0 cua chi tiet at au, ngi ta co the xac nh chnh xac v tr cua
cac iem ch trong toa o dng (+) hoac ch trong toa o am (-).
Trung tam ao tao Viet-c; Nguyen Anh Tuan. 03.2001

MTS GmbH 1997
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 21

He toa o e-cac khong gian la yeu cau can thiet e dien ta va xac nh v tr cua cac chi tiet trong
khong gian, v du nh nhng chi tiet gia cong phay. e mo ta mot iem trong he toa o khong gian ba
chieu ta goi toa o X,Y,Z tng ng theo cac truc (Xem hnh 16).
Nh vay he toa o e-cac ba chieu, vi cac truc toa o dng (+) va am (-) co kha nang mo ta chnh
xac tat ca cac iem v tr, v du nh trong khong gian lam viec cua may phay, th no khong tuy thuoc
vao iem 0 cua chi tiet c at au.
V du:
P1 X = 30 Y = 20 Z = 0
P2 X = 30 Y = 0 Z = -10
P1
tr
i
Hnh 16
He toa o e-cac vi 3 truc (X,Y,Z)
c
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.c
P2
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Cac k hieu ba truc cung nh ba toa o c chon theo he thong ben phai va dien ra theo quy tac ban
tay phai (Xem hnh 17). Cac ngon tay cua ban tay phai luon luon ch chieu dng cua moi truc.
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He thong cung c goi la he toa o quay phai.
+Y
+X
+Z
Hnh 17
Quy tac ban tay phai

MTS GmbH 1997
He toa o cc
Trong he toa o e-cac mot iem co the c mo ta theo cac toa o X va Y cua no. oi vi cac bien
dang xoay oi xng, v du nh cac cac hnh lo dang tron th viec tnh toan cac toa o can thiet oi hoii
phai c m rong them.
Trong he toa o cc mot iem c xac nh bang khoang cach (Banh knh r) cua no en iem goc va
goc () cua no en mot truc xac nh. Goc ( ) co lien quan ti truc X trong he toa o X,Y. Neu o t
truc X theo ngc chieu kim ong th goc
( ) co gia tr dng (Xem hnh 18) va ngc lai neu t truc X
o theo chieu kim ong ho th goc () co gia tr am (Xem hnh 19).
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c
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Hnh 18
Hnh 19
He toa o cc (goc am)
He toa o cc (goc dng)
Goc quay cua cac truc
tr
i
Moi truc chnh X,Y,Z eu co mot truc quay quanh tng ng. Nhng goc quay cua cac truc nay c
bieu dien bang cac ch cai A,B,C. A quay quanh truc X, B quay quanh thuc Y va C quay quanh truc Z
(xem hnh 20).
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Chieu quay la chieu dng neu quay theo chieu kim ong ho, khi nhn t iem 0 cua toa o ra chieu
dng cua moi truc (tng ng vi chieu quay cua mot con vt vi ren phai hoac hng quay cua cay
m nut chai).
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Cac goc quay A,B,C cua he toa o cc c xac nh nh sau: Neu mot iem xem nh c at trong
mat phang X/Y cua he toa o, th goc trong toa o cc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc Z, co ngha la
C. Tren mat phang Y/Z goc trong toa o cc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc X, co ngha la A. Tren
mat phang X/Z goc tng ng la goc quay quanh truc Y, co ngha la B.
Hnh 20
Goc va hng quay cua truc
MTS GmbH 1997
Xac nh he toa o lien quan en chi tiet va may

He toa o may
He toa o may cua may cong cu CNC do nha san xuat may quyet nh va khong the thay oi. iem
goc cua he toa o may cung c goi la iem 0 cua may k hieu la M va khong the dch chuyen c
(xem hnh 21).
He toa o chi tiet
He toa o tren chi tiet do ngi lap trnh xac nh do o no co the c thay oi. iem chuan cua he
to a o chi tiet con c goi la iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W va no c xac nh theo yeu cau (xem
hnh 22).
iem 0 cua may
.l
a
M
Hnh 21
He toa o may
tr
i
c
n
.c
W iem 0 cua chi tiet

Hnh 22
He toa o chi tiet
w
w
May phay CNC khi thiet ke may ngi ta thng thiet lap mot he thong toa o lien quan cho no. Thong
thng truc Z c xac nh theo truc cong tac (c cau mang dao), do o chieu dng cua truc Z c
xac nh t chi tiet gia cong en dung cu cat (xem hnh 23).
Truc X va truc Y theo nguyen tac nam song
song vi mat phang kep cua chi tiet gia cong.
Khi ng trc may, chieu dng cua truc X
chay sang phai va chieu dng cua truc Y
hng t ngoai vao trong.
iem 0 cua he toa o c u tien at goc
ngoai pha tren ben trai cua chi tiet.
Hnh 23
Chi tiet phay trong he toa o e-cac khong gian

MTS GmbH 1997

e de dang cho viec tnh toan cac iem can thiet cho chng trnh ngi ta khuyen s dung cac canh
ngoai, ben tren (xem hnh 24) hoac ben di (xem hnh 25).
Z
Y
.c
Hnh 25
iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W
goc ngoai pha di ben trai cua chi tiet.
c
n
Hnh 24
iem khong 0 cua chi tiet W
goc ngoai pha tren ben trai cua chi tiet.
May tien CNC
tr
i
Trong may tien CNC truc cong tac (Truc mang chi tiet) c xac nh la truc Z, ieu nay co ngha la
truc Z trung vi truc quay (xem hnh 26 va 27). Chieu dng cua truc Z c xac nh la chieu chuyen
ong cua dung cu cat ri xa khoi chi tiet gia cong.
w
w
.l
a
Truc X c at vuong goc vi truc Z. Tuy nhien chieu cua truc X phu thuoc vao dung cu cat c at
pha trc (xem hnh 26) hay pha sau (xem hnh 27) tam quay.
+X
+Z
+Z
W
+X
Hnh 26
Chi tiet tien trong toa o e -cac vi 2 truc,
dung cu cat nam pha trc tam quay

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 27
Chi tiet tien trong he toa o e-cac vi 2 truc,
dung cu cat nam pha sau tam quay
Luyen tap CNC

Lam viec vi cac he toa o khac nhau:
Nhap toa o cac iem vao bang.
Y
a
a
b
c
d
X
d
c
n
X
10
-80
40
-30
Y
20
-30
-70
50
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
a
b
c
d
.c
anh dau cac iem sau vao bieu o.
Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem vao bang.
a
b
c
d

MTS GmbH 1997

Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem sau vao bang.
b
c
d
e
f
g
c
n
.c
Chi tiet tien trong ban ve cho kch thc ng knh do vay
khi lap trnh cung phai ghi kch thc ng knh.
Nhap toa o e-cac cua cac iem t a en h vao bang.
.l
a
tr
i
Hay nhap toa o X theo kch thc ng knh!
b
c
w
w
b
a
e
f
g

MTS GmbH 1997
Cac truc quay va truc bc tien tren may CNC

V tr va ky hieu cac truc NC
Cac may phay CNC c phan biet theo cau truc cua chung so vi trat t cua cac truc cong tac va v tr
cua cac truc NC (xem hnh 28 va 29). Truc Z c nhan biet bi truc quay cua truc cong tac, chieu
dng cua truc Z c nh ngha la chieu lam tang khoang cach t chi tiet en dung cu cat. Do he toa
o e-cac ba chieu c s dung tren may phay CNC, nen hai truc toa o con lai co the c xac nh
theo quy tat ban tay phai.
+Z
+Y
-Z
-X
-Y
+X
.c
-X
+X
c
n
+Z
tr
i
Hnh 28
Cac truc tren may phay ng
-Z
-Y
+Y
Hnh 29
Cac truc tren may phay ngang
w
w
.l
a
Tren may tien CNC truc cong tac c xac nh la truc Z (xem hnh 30). Chieu dng cua truc Z chay
t dung cu cat ri xa khoi chi tiet gia cong. Truc X c at vuong goc vi truc Z, chieu dng cua truc
X chay t tam chi tiet gia cong ra pha sau (dung cu cat nam pha sau tam quay). Ngoai ra con co mot
truc quay, o la truc C neu nh truc cong tac nay c ieu khien.
+X
+Z
Hnh 30
Cac truc tren may tien

MTS GmbH 1997
Chieu chuyen ong tren may CNC
Trong qua trnh gia cong cac chuyen ong tng oi phai c thc hien gia chi tiet va dung cu cat
tren cac truc. K hieu cac truc cua may cong cu CNC c xac nh trc bi cau truc cua chung (Xem
phan v tr va k hieu cac truc). No co lien quan en chi tiet gia cong, nh o he toa o khong gian ecac c x dung. Lu y khi xet chuyen ong cua may CNC, ngi ta quan niem ch co dung cu cat
chuyen ong, con chi tiet th ng im mac du ban may cua may phay ng chuyen ong doc theo cac
truc X va Z (xem hnh 31).
+Y
+Z
.c
+X
c
n
Hnh 31
Chieu chuyen ong tren may phay
e co the lap trnh ma khong phu thuoc vao may, ta phai ap dung cac quy c sau:
Trong khi lap trnh phai luon luon cho rang ch co dung cu cat chuyen ong.
He toa o luon luon lien quan en chi tiet gia cong.
tr
i
Theo quy nh nay th he toa o chi tiet luon c s dung e thiet lap chng trnh NC.
Ghi kch thc thch hp theo NC
Co hai cach ghi kch thc khac nhau c s dung trong lap trnh NC:
.l
a
Ghi kch thc tuyet oi.

Ghi kch thc tng oi.
w
w
Ghi kch thc tuyet oi luon luon lien quan en iem 0 cua chi tiet, co ngha la cac kch thc chuan
c s dung (xem hnh 32). Trai lai ghi kch thc tng oi luon luon s dung cac kch thc chuoi,
chung c tnh t gia tr o hien tai en iem ke tiep (xem hnh 33).
Trong trng hp tien, ghi kch thc theo gia tr tuyet oi tren truc X la cac gia tr ng knh, trong
khi o ghi kch thc theo gia tr tng oi th s dung cac gia tr ban knh.
+X
+X
-Z
-Z
Hnh 32
Ghi kch thc tuyet oi
MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 33
Ghi kch thc tng oi

Khi lap trnh ngi ta khuyen nen s dung cach ghi kch thc tuyet oi, bi v so vi cach ghi kch
thc tng oi no co u iem hn:
Dung sai kch thc khong b tch luy.

Cac thay oi cua tng kch thc khong lam anh hng en cac kch thc khac.
Mot kch thc b sai khong dan ti cac loi khac.
Cac toa o tuyet oi ch ra khoang hanh trnh dch chuyen cua dung cu cat v the cac bc
lap trnh rieng le co the c tm thay de dang.
Do vay e thiet lap ban ve ung NC, nen tranh cac kch thc tng oi va nen s dung cac gia tr toa
o lien quan en iem chuan.
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Tuy nhien van co trng hp can phai s dung cach ghi kch thc tng oi, v du nh khi gia cong
nhng chi tiet co cung bien dang nh cac ranh ng canh nhau tren chi tiet tien.

MTS GmbH 1997
Mo phong CNC
Cac truc NC ieu khien c tren mo phong CNC
Nh may cong cu CNC that, ngi ta co the dch chuyen cac truc NC bang tay trong mo phong CNC.
Viec mo ta trnh t cac bc thao tac tren mo phong CNC c trnh bay theo cac bc sau:
Khi nhap ch bam bang cac phm a cho (V du tng ng
laF5
phm chc nang F5).
Phay CNC
1.
Mo ta
Goi phay CNC t menu chnh.
Thc hien
2.
Chon thiet lap cong nghe.
3.
Di chuyen cac truc X, Y hoac Z va kiem

tra hanh trnh dch chuyen.
F2
F3
(Milling)
(Setup mode)
Bam cac phm tng ng tren ban phm.
(Chieu X-)
+X
(Chieu Y+)
Bild
En de
Ende
Bild
-Z
Einfg
(Chieu Z-)
Entf
(Chieu Z+)
(Chieu Y-)
tr
i
-Y
Bild
.c
-X
(Chieu X+)
c
n
Pos 1
+Y
Theo cac chieu chuyen ong:
+Z
w
w
.l
a
Hanh trnh chuyen ong c

kiem tra tren hien th toa o
cac truc.
4.
Thoat khoi thiet lap cong nghe.
Luyen tap:
F8
(Quit)
Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc trong mo phong t nhat mot lan.

MTS GmbH 1997

Tien CNC
1.
Mo ta
Goi tien CNC t menu chnh.
Thc hien
2.
3.
Di chuyen truc X hoac Z va kiem tra hanh

trnh dch chuyen.
F1
F3
(Turning)
(Setup mode)
Bam cac phm tng ng tren ban phm.
+X
Pos 1
-Z
+Z
(Chieu Z+)
(Chieu Z-)
(Chieu X+)
(Chieu X-)
Bild
-X
Einfg
.c
Theo cac chieu chuyen ong:
Hanh trnh chuyen c

kiem tra tren hien th toa o
cac truc.
4.
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Entf
Thoat khoi thiet lap cong nghe.
(Quit)
Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc trong mo phong t nhat mot lan.
Luyen tap:
F8
Xng:
ieu khien cac truc NC tren may CNC theo cac tai lieu ch dan trong xng.
Luyen tap:
Moi hoc vien thc hien di chuyen cac truc tren may CNC t nhat mot lan.

MTS GmbH 1997
2.2 Tnh toan NC

C s tnh toan cac toa o
Khi lap trnh CNC ta phai nhap cac iem tng ng cua bien dang can gia cong. Thong thng co the
lay trc tiep cac iem nay t ban ve, neu ban ve cung cap ay u cac kch thc thch hp cho chng
trnh NC. Trong mot vai trng hp phai tnh toan toa o cac iem can thiet.
Cac thong so cua mot tam giac
e tnh toan cac toa o con thieu th moi tng quan gia cac ham so trong mot tam giac rat hu dung.
Co the mo ta tam giac bang nhieu cach khac nhau. Cac thong so v du nh cac nh, cac goc va cac
canh thng c s dung.
nh
A, B va C la k hieu 3 nh cua mot tam
giac.
Goc
, va la cac goc tng ng vi cac
nh cua tam giac.
.c
Canh
a, b va c la cac canh cua mot tam gac
oi dien vi cac nh A, B va C.
Bieu dien cac thong so cua tam giac

luon luon dien ra ngc chieu kim
ong ho.
c
n
tr
i
Hnh 34
Cac thong so cua mot tam giac
Cac goc cua tam giac
C
a
w
w
.l
a
Cac goc cua tam giac xac nh loai tam giac, phu thuoc vao kch thc cua goc ta co cac tam giac
nhon, tam giac tu va tam giac vuong (xem hnh 35-37).
Hnh 35
Tam giac nhon
Tat ca cac goc nho hn 90.
Hnh 36
Tam giac tu
Co mot goc ln hn 90.
Hnh 37
Tam giac vuong
Co mot goc bang 90.
Quan he gia cac goc trong mot tam giac: Tong cac goc trong mot tam giac luon bang 180.
+ + = 180o
Vi cong thc nay neu biet trc hai goc, ta co the tnh c goc con lai.

MTS GmbH 1997

Tam giac vuong
Tam giac vuong (xem hnh 38) co mot y ngha ac biet trong hnh hoc giai tch, v cac canh cua tam
giac vuong c at trong moi tng quan toan hoc vi nhau. Chung c mo ta bang cac ten sau:
Canh dai nhat oi dien vi goc vuong la canh huyen.

Hai canh tao nen goc vuong cua tam giac goi la canh goc vuong.
Canh oi dien vi goc goi la canh oi.
Canh ke vi goc goi la canh ke.
Trong tam giac vuong, goc vuong c mo ta bang vong tron va co mot dau cham ben trong.
Canh oi
Canh ke
Canh huyen
.c
Goc vuong
Cac ng dung trong mot tam giac vuong
c
n
Hnh 38
Tam giac vuong
nh ly Pitago: Tong bnh phng cua hai canh

goc vuong bang bnh phng canh huyen.
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
Trong tam giac vuong thng s dung nh ly Pitago e tnh o dai cua mot canh, khi biet o dai hai
canh con lai (xem hnh 39).
a2 + b2 = c2
Dung cac phep bien oi tng ng ta co the tnh
toan cac canh cua tam giac vi cac cong thc
sau:
a
a
a = c2 b2
b = c2 a2
c = a2 + b2
Hnh 39
nh ly Pitago

MTS GmbH 1997

Cac ham so lng giac
Cac ham so lng giac mo ta moi quan he gia cac goc va canh cua mot tam giac vuong. Vi cac ham
so lng giac nay, neu biet trc mot goc va chieu dai cua mot canh th ta co the tnh c chieu dai
cua cac canh con lai. S la chon cac ham so lng giac sin (xem hnh 40), cos (xem hnh 41) hoac
tan (xem hnh 42) phu thuoc vao goc va canh cho trc.
Canh oi
Canh huyen
Canh oi
Canh huyen
sin =
.c
Hnh 40
Ham so sin
Canh ke
Canh huyen
.l
a
Hnh 41
Ham so cos
Canh ke
Canh huyen
tr
i
cos =
c
n
w
w
Canh oi
Canh ke
tan =
Canh oi
Canh ke
Hnh 42:
Ham so tan
Khi tnh toan cac canh, can phai bien oi cac cong thc tng ng vi cac canh a biet.
V du:
Biet trc goc va chieu dai canh ke, tnh chieu dai canh oi?
Ap dung cong thc:
tan =
Canh oi
Canh ke
(Xem hnh 42) bien oi ta c:
Canh oi = Canh ke tan

MTS GmbH 1997

Tnh toan toa o NC
Nhieu ban ve chi tiet ghi kch thc khong thch hp cho chng trnh NC. Ben canh viec s dung cac
kch thc tng oi trong ban ve con cho cac kch thc goc. V vay ngi lap trnh bang tay can phai
tnh toan toa o cac iem con thieu.
V du theo ban ve di ay phai tnh toa o iem b, c va f. Cac iem khac a biet.
X
15
15
15
35
85
35
85
85
85
15
65
f
e
25
g
c
25
.c
Tnh toa o iem b:
25
Giai:
c
n
Biet: Toa o x cua tam iem = 65 mm

Tm: Toa o x cua iem b = ?
dx
65 mm - dx
ban knh cua cung tron
25 mm
65 mm - 25 mm
x = 40mm
.l
a
tr
i
x =
dx =
dx =
x =
w
w
Tnh toa o iem c:
dy
25
Biet:
Toa o x cua tam iem = 65 mm

Ban knh cua cung tron r = 25mm
dy = 35 mm - 15 mm = 20 mm
Tm: Toa o x cua iem c = ?
Giai:
X = 65 mm + dx
dx
?
dx = r 2 dy 2
2
2
dx = ( 25mm ) ( 20mm )
dx = 225mm 2
dx = 15mm
x = 65 mm + 15 mm
x = 80mm

MTS GmbH 1997

Tnh toa o iem f:
Biet: Toa o x cua iem bat au canh
nghieng = 15 mm
Goc nghieng = 250
dy = 85 mm - 65 mm = 20 mm
Tm: Toa o x cua iem f = ?
Giai :
dx
dx= dy * tan
dx = 20 mm * tan 250
dx = 20 mm * 0,4663
dx = 9,326 mm
dy
x = 15 mm + dx
25
x = 15 mm + 9,326 mm
x = 24,32mm
Luyen tap CNC
.c
Nhap toa o tam iem cac lo t a en h vao bang.

Tnh toan cac ga tr va lam tron en 3 so thap phan.
c
n
b
a
tr
i
100
a
b
c
d
e
w
w
50
50
.l
a
f
g
h
100
Tnh toa o cha biet trong cac v du sau:
85
70
50
80
30
85
35
90
80
Tnh toa o Y

MTS GmbH 1997
Tnh toa o Y
2.3 Cac iem 0 va iem chuan tren may CNC

Cac dang iem 0 va iem chuan
iem 0 cua may
iem 0 cua chi tiet
iem tham chieu
iem chuan cua dung cu cat
iem hieu chnh dung cu cat
iem ga dao
iem thay dao
.c
iem 0 cua may M
Moi may cong cu ieu khien so lam viec vi mot he

toa o may. iem 0 cua may la iem goc cua he
toa o lien quan en may, v tr cua no c xac
nh bi nha san xuat may va khong the thay oi.
Theo nguyen tac iem 0 M cua may tien CNC
nam tren tam cua mat bch au truc chnh. Tren
may phay ng CNC iem 0 cua may thng
c at tren canh goc trai cua ban may mang chi
tiet.
c
n
R
E
tr
i
w
w
.l
a
Hnh 43
V tr cua cac iem 0 va iem chuan tren may tien
R
A
iem tham chieu R

Moi may cong cu CNC vi he thong o hanh trnh
tng oi can co mot iem chuan, no phuc vu
ong thi cho viec kiem soat cac chuyen ong cua
chi tiet gia cong va dung cu cat. iem chuan nay
c goi la iem tham chieu R. V tr cua no c
cai at chnh xac tren moi truc chuyen ong bi
cong tac hanh trnh. Cac toa o cua iem tham
chieu luon luon co cung mot gia tr va lien quan
en iem 0 cua may, gia tr nay c ieu chnh
co nh trong he ieu khien CNC. Sau khi khi
ong may, trc tien phai chay tat ca cac truc ve
iem tham chieu so vi chuan cua he thong o
hanh trnh tng oi.
Hnh 44
V tr cua cac iem 0 va iem chuan trong may phay
MTS GmbH 1997

iem 0 cua chi tiet W
+X
iem 0 cua chi tiet W la goc cua he toa o

lien quan en chi tiet. V tr cua no do ngi
lap trnh xac nh va co the thay oi theo ac
iem cua qua trnh gia cong. Thuan li nhat
cac kch thc nay thng c tiep nhan
trc tiep t ban ve cho viec lap trnh. Trong
trng hp gia cong tien, iem 0 cua chi tiet
thng c at tam cua au ben phai hay
ben trai cua chi tiet gia cong, tuy thuoc vao
kch thc cua chi tiet gia cong c xac nh
bat au t pha au nao.
+Z
W
iem 0 cua chi tiet co the dch chuyen trong

chng trnh NC, v du chi tiet tien can c
gia cong 2 pha tren cac mui chong tam.
Trong trng hp nay rat thuan li khi ta lan
lt dch chuyen iem 0 cua chi tiet ti au
phai hoac trai cua chi tiet.
+Z
.c
+X
Trong cac chi tiet phay, nh pha ngoai

thng c chon lam iem 0 cua chi tiet,
tuy thuoc vao iem goc nao khi ghi kch
thc chi tiet e chon iem chuan.
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Hnh 45
iem 0 cua chi tiet trong tien
Hnh 46
iem 0 cua chi tiet trong phay
iem chuan cua dung cu cat E

Mot iem chuan quan trong na trong khong gian lam viec cua may la iem chuan cua dung cu cat E.
iem chuan cua dung cu cat E tren may tien CNC la iem co nh tren au rvolve. Tren may phay
CNC iem chuan cua dung cu cat E c at tren au truc chnh.
ieu khien CNC lien quan trc tien ti iem chuan cua dung cu cat cho tat ca toa o iem ch. Trong
trng hp lap trnh cho cac toa o iem ch ngi ta tao ra moi quan he tuy thuoc vao mui dao trong
dao tien va tam dao trong dao phay. Do vay e co the ieu khien chnh xac mui dao (tien) hoac tam
dao (phay) doc theo hanh trnh gia cong mong muon th cac dung cu cat phai c o chnh xac. Co
MTS GmbH 1997

the o cac dung cu cat ben ngoai may bi cac thiet b hieu chnh hoac co the o trc tiep tren may bi
cac dung cu o quang hoc. ac biet khi s dung thiet b quang hoc, cac gia tr o c nhap trc tiep
vao bo nh cua may. Neu s dung thiet b hieu chnh th gia tr o c cua cac dung cu phai c
nhap bang tay vao bo lu tr cac gia tr hieu chnh tng ng cua he ieu khien.
Ngoai ra con co hai iem can thiet cho viec chuan b dao ben ngoai may CNC, o la iem hieu chnh
dung cu cat B va iem ga dao A.
V tr cua iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B tren
dao tien
B
L
Q

Khoang cach t mui cat en iem hieu chnh
dung cu cat theo phng Z
dung cu cat theo phng X
Ban knh mui cat
.c
Hnh 47
iem hieu chnh dung cu cat cua dao tien
c
n
V tr cua iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B tren

dao phay
B
L

dung cu cat theo phng Z
Ban knh dao phay
tr
i
.l
a
w
w
Hnh 48
iem hieu chnh dung cu cat cua dao phay
V tr cua iem ga dao A tren au rvolve.
A
iem ga dao
Hnh 49
iem ga dao tren au rvolve
Neu he thong dung cu cat (Can dao va o dao) c at vao c cau mang dao (au rvolve), th iem
hieu chnh dung cu cat B va iem ga dao A trung nhau va tao ra iem chuan cua dung cu cat E.
iem thay dao N
iem thay dao N la iem thuoc khong gian lam viec cua may CNC, tai iem nay dung cu cat co the
c thay oi ma khong xay ra cac va cham.
MTS GmbH 1997
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may tien CNC
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) sao cho phai tng ng vi iem 0 cua ban ve. Do vay co the s
dung trc tiep cac kch thc cua ban ve e lap trnh.
Xac nh v tr iem 0 cho chi tiet dien ra lien
quan ti iem 0 (M) cua may CNC.
iem 0 cua may tien CNC c at tren tam
quay cua mat bch truc chnh, tai o mat bch cua
mam cap c ap sat (Xem hnh 50).
Khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may (M) va iem
0 cua chi tiet (W) c ky hieu la zw, gia tr nay
con c goi la dch chuyen iem 0 va tiep o

no c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC.
Trnh t thc hien
Tat ca dung cu cat phai c o va lap san tren au rvolve.

Thiet b kep a c chuan b va chi tiet c kep chac chan tren truc chnh.
tr
i
ieu kien:
-
c
n
Hnh 50
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet W tren may tien CNC
.c
zw
1. M truc chnh (quay ngc chieu kim ong ho).
.l
a
2. Thay oi dung cu cat e cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet, co ngha la au rvolve quay en v tr tng
ng, v du T02.
w
w
Chu y: Khong gian quay cua au rvolve phai c kiem tra e tranh xay ra va cham trong suot
qua trnh quay.
3. Ra dung cu cat cham vao mat au pha trc cua chi tiet gia cong:
Di chuyen dung cu cat mot cach can than vi cac tay quay hay cac phm mui ten tng ng tren
ban phm cua he ieu khien CNC cho en khi mui dao vach mot dau tren chi tiet gia cong.
4. Nhap lng d theo y muon cho mat au (v du 0.5mm) vao he ieu khien CNC, tiep o nhan phm
0. (Lng d c chap nhan e tien mat au tai gia tr z = 0).
5. He ieu khien CNC lu tr gia tr khoang dch chuyen cua iem khong zw.
iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) c xac nh ro rang bi v toa o X = 0 c at tren tam quay.
6. Mat au c tien bi lng d hien hu. ieu nay can c lu y khi thiet lap chng trnh NC.

MTS GmbH 1997
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC
Tng t nh may tien CNC, cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC phai tng ng vi
iem 0 cua ban ve. ieu nay cho phep cac d lieu cua ban ve co the c s dung trc tiep e lap
trnh.
iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) c cai at co lien quan en
iem 0 cua may M. Thong thng iem 0 cua may
phay ng CNC c at ben tren goc trai cua ban may
(xem hnh 51).
Theo cac trnh t c mo ta di ay, ta co the xac
nh khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may M va iem 0
cua chi tiet W theo 3 toa o X, Y va Z; cac gia tr nay
sau o phai c nhap vao he ieu khien CNC.
R
M
c
c
n
Hnh 51
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet W tren may
phay CNC
.c
Trnh t thc hien

ieu kien thc hien:
- Chi tiet c nh v va kep chac chan tren ban may.
- Tat ca dung cu cat a c o chnh xac va cac gia tr
hieu chnh tng ng c nhap vao he ieu khien
CNC. Dung cu ra c kep tren truc chnh va m truc
chnh.
1. Ra theo phng Z
Chi tiet gia cong c kep tren ban may va di chuyen

trong mat phang X/Y va nam pha di dung cu ra.
Cho dung cu ra dch chuyen theo phng Z (truc chnh

ang quay) en khi cham nhe vao be mat cua chi tiet
gia cong (xem hnh 52).
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Hnh 52
Ra theo phng Z
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2. Ra theo phng X.
Dung cu ra c nhac len va dch chuyen en v tr ra
theo truc X. Truc chnh van quay va dch chuyen doc
theo mat phang canh cua chi tiet (mat phang Y/Z), theo
phng X (xem hnh 53) cho en khi dung cu ra cham
nhe vao be mat cua chi tiet.
Hnh 53
Ra theo phng X
Tai v tr nay iem 0 phai c cai at va gia tr Z cua

iem 0 cua chi tiet W phai c chuyen tai va lu tr
trong he ieu khien CNC bang cach s dung phm chap
nhan gia tr IST.
Khi cham vao chi tiet theo phng X, gia tr ban knh
cua dung cu ra phai c chu y khi nhap vao he ieu
khien bang phm IST, bi v chng trnh NC luon s
dung toa o tam cua dung cu cat.
V du nh dung cu ra co ban knh la 15mm, khi o ta
phai nhap gia tr X=-15 vao he ieu khien CNC va
nhan phm IST.

MTS GmbH 1997

3. Ra theo phng Y.
Y
ay la bc cuoi cung cua viec cai at iem 0 cho chi

tiet, dung cu ra c dch chuyen en v tr ra theo truc
Y. Tru c chnh van quay va dch chuyen doc theo mat
phang canh cua chi tiet (mat phang X/Z), theo phng
Y (xem hnh 54) cho en khi dung cu ra cham nhe vao
be mat cua chi tiet.
Khi cham vao chi tiet gia cong theo phng Y, gia tr
ban knh cua dung cu ra phai c chu y khi nhap vao
he ieu khien bang phm IST, bi v chng trnh NC
luon s dung toa o tam cua dung cu cat.
Hnh 54
Ra theo phng Y
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n
.c
V du nh dung cu ra co ban knh la 15mm, khi o ta

phai nhap gia tr Y=-15 vao he ieu khien CNC va
nhan phm IST.

MTS GmbH 1997
Luyen tap
Thiet lap khong gian lam viec cho may tien CNC
Mo ta
Thc hien
1.
Goi thiet lap cau hnh trong menu chnh.
F5
(Configuration)
2.
Chon may tien MTS.
F1
hoac chon
3.
Goi quan tr thiet lap cau hnh.
F5
(Config managm.)
4.
Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
F1
(Generate)
5.
Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
F8
Nhap ten mi DS2 vi ban phm
Chon d lieu co san,
(Default data)
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tr
i
c
n
F8
hoac chon
V du Okuma LB15-IIC
.c
6.
(Generate)
F2
Chon muc cau hnh maschine room.
8.
Thay oi d lieu khong gian may.
F1
F4
hoac chon
F2
(Edit point)
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7.

MTS GmbH 1997

9.
Nhap d lieu khong gian may.
F1
F8
10.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may tien
11.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh chnh
F8
F8
F2
hoac chon
e nhap gia tr rieng
cua mnh vi cac phm cua ban phm
(Accept & Return)
(Accept & Return)
(Accept & Return)
Luyen tap
Thiet lap khong gian lam viec cho may phay CNC
Thc hien
Chon may tien MTS.
3.
Goi quan tr thiet lap cau hnh.
4.
Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
5.
Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
6.
Chon d lieu co san,

V du MAKINO FX 650
F1
hoac chon
.c
2.
F5
(Konfiguration)
F2
c
n
Goi thiet lap cau hnh trong menu chnh.
Mo ta
1.
F1
F8
(Config managm.)
(Generate)
Nhap ten mi DS2 vi ban phm

(Generate)
hoac chon
(Default data)
F8
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tr
i
F5
7.
Chon muc cau hnh maschine room.
8.
Thay oi d lieu khong gian may.

MTS GmbH 1997
F1
F4
hoac chon
F2
(Edit point)
Nhap d lieu cho khong gian lam viec cua

may.
F1
(Accept & Continue)
Nhap d lieu cho iem tham chieu.
F1
F8
F2
hoac chon
e nhap gia tr rieng
(Accept & Continue)
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10.
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c
n
.c
F8
F2
hoac chon
e nhap gia tr rieng
9.
11.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may phay
F8
(Accept & Return)
12.
Thoat khoi menu cau hnh chnh
F8
(Accept & Terminate)

MTS GmbH 1997
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap iem 0 cho chi tiet W trong mo phong tien CNC
Moi tng quan gia he toa o lien quan en may va lien quan en chi tiet can c thiet lap thong qua
viec at iem 0 cho chi tiet W. iem 0 cua chi tiet tng ng vi iem 0 cua chi tiet tren ban ve.
Do vay cac kch thc ban ve co the s dung e lap trnh.
ieu kien:
Tat ca cac dung cu cat a c o va hien hu

tren au rvolve.
Chi tiet a c nh v ung va kep chat tren
mam cap.
iem 0 cua chi tiet can nam pha mat au
ben phai, o can e lai lng d tien mat au
la 1mm.
Mo ta
Thc hien
1.
Goi mo phong tien CNC t menu chnh.
2.
3.
Cho truc chnh quay trai.
4.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi

tiet.
5.
Chay dao nhanh ti cach mat au khoang 5

mm.
c
n
tr
i
F3
Bam M04 va
Enter.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm co

mui ten tng ng vi phm SHIFT:
+
+
4
2
chay nhanh theo hng -Z

chay nhanh theo hng -X
+Z
Chon cac hng dch chuyen tiep theo:
+X
+Z
B ild
-X
0
Ein fg
(Setup mode)
Bam T0404 va
Enter.
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w
w
-Z
(Turning)
F1
+X
Pos 1
.c
zw
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
(Hng + X)
(Hng - X)
E ntf

MTS GmbH 1997

6.
e chay tiep tuc du xch c chuyen t 1mm

xuong 0.1mm hoac 0.01mm.
F3
F5
(Technology)
(Increment)
(Increment 0.1)
F2
Dao tien c chay ve hng Z am, ti khi
cham nhe vao mat au cua cua chi tiet.
Tren phm so bam phm mui ten
tiep o
E SC
F8
8.
Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z.
F4
bam
va (Quit).
(Tool Datum)
(Set datum)
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z)
F4
7.
Nhap Z = 1 va
.c
chap nhan vi (Lng d mat au 1mm).
F1
Gia tr Z co the c kiem soat vi s ho

tr cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0
tc thi.
Dung cu c di chuyen t do theo hng +X

va +Z.
Tren cac phm so bam phm mui ten ket

hp vi phm SHIFT:
9.
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tr
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c
n
F8
Chay nhanh theo hng
+Z
+
10.
Thoat khoi menu Thiet lap cong nghe
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
Chay nhanh theo hng +X
(Quit)
F8

MTS GmbH 1997
Thiet lap iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) trong mo phong phay CNC
Giong nh trng hp tien khi phay cung can xac nh iem 0 cho chi tiet W, iem 0 cua chi tiet
phai tng ng vi iem 0 trong ban ve.
Can c chu y, trong mo phong MTS ch co dung cu cat dch chuyen!
Vi s ho tr cua cac bc c mo ta di ay khoang cach gia iem 0 cua may va iem 0 cua
chi tiet c xac nh theo cac toa o X, Y va Z.
ieu kien:
Tat ca cac dung cu cat a c o va hien
hu tren o cha dao.
Chi tiet a c nh v ung va kep chat tren

mam cap.
V tr iem 0 can nam pha goc tren ben

trai cua chi tiet.
Thc hien
2.
3.
Cho truc chnh quay phai.
F1
(Milling)
.c
Goi mo phong phay CNC t menu chnh.
(Setup mode)
1.
Mo ta
c
n
F3
Bam M03 va
Enter.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua chi tiet.
5.
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng Z
Bam T0202 va Enter.
tr
i
4.
Tren cac phm so bam phoi hp phm

co mui ten tng ng cung vi phm
SHIFT:
Dung cu chay nhanh ti cach be mat chi tiet

khoang 5 mm.
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a
V du:
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Z
W
X
Cac hng dch chuyen tiep theo:
+Y
Pos 1
-Y
chay nhanh theo hng
-Z
+Z
-X
Ende
(Hng + X)
(Hng - X)
Bild
(Hng + Y)
(Hng - Y)
Bild
+X
Ende
Bild
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
-Z
Einfg
Entf

MTS GmbH 1997

6.
e chay tiep tuc du xch c chuyen t

1mm xuong 0.1mm hoac 0.01mm.
F3
(Technology)
F5
(Increment)
F2
(Increment 0.1)
Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng Z am ti

khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
2
E SC
tiep o
bam
va (Quit).
F8
F4
(Tool Datum)
F4
(Set datum)
F3
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc Z)
.c
nhap 0
va chap nhan vi.
F8
Cai at iem 0 cho chi tiet theo truc Z.
8.
9.
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tr
i
c
n
Gia tr Z co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr

cua cac toa o hien th cho iem 0 tc
thi.
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng X
Dung cu chay nhanh cach khoang 5 mm ti

v tr cai at iem 0 theo truc X.
10.
w
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Dung cu chay t do theo hng +Z.
11.
chay nhanh theo hng +Z

mui ten tng ng cung vi phm SHIFT:
1) Theo hng -X
Y
Z

chay nhanh theo -X
2) Theo hng -Z
+
chay nhanh theo -Z
Dung cu chay theo hng X dng ti

cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
MTS GmbH 1997

12.
Cai at iem 0 theo hng X.
tiep o
E SC
bam
F8
va (Quit).
F4
Chu y ti ban knh cua dao phay!
(Tool Datum)
(Set datum)
F4
Nhap gia tr am cua ban knh (v du 5)

dung cu ang s dung cho chieu truc X.
F1
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc X)

nhap -5
va chap nhan vi.
F8
Thc hien cai at iem 0 theo hng Y
13.
tr
i
c
n
.c
Gia tr X co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr

thi.
.l
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Dung cu chay t do theo hng X sau o

la +Z.
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4
8
chay nhanh theo -X, tiep o

chay nhanh theo +Z

1) Theo hng -X
+
2
W
+
+

v tr cai at iem 0 theo truc Y.
14.

chay nhanh theo +X
2) Theo hng -Y
3
X
+ Ende chay nhanh theo -Y

3) Theo hng -Z
+

MTS GmbH 1997
chay nhanh theo -Z

15.
Dung cu chay theo hng Y dng ti

tiep o
Bild
16.
Cai at iem 0 theo hng Y.
E SC
bam
F8
va (Quit).
F4
Chu y ti ban knh cua dao phay!

Nhap gia tr am cua ban knh (v du 5)
dung cu ang s dung cho chieu truc Y.
(Tool Datum)
F4
(Set datum)
F2
(Cai at iem 0 cho truc y)
va chap nhan vi.
F8
nhap -5
19.
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a

+ Ende chay nhanh theo -Y, tiep o
w
w
18.
Dung cu chay t do theo hng Y sau o

la +Z.
17.
tr
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c
n
.c
Gia tr X co the c kiem soat vi s ho tr

thi.
Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe.

MTS GmbH 1997
F8
F8
chay nhanh theo +Z
(Quit)
(Quit)
2.4 ieu khien so tren may cong cu CNC

Mach ieu khien h va mach ieu khien kn
Cac ieu khien hien nay tren may cong cu ieu khien so c thc hien bi ieu khien CNC. ac iem
cua he ieu khien nay la mach tac dung h (xem hnh 55), he ieu khien a cac gia tr can vao may
cong cu ma khong trc tiep ieu chnh cac gia tr nay.
Tn hieu vao (Gia tr can)
Tn hieu ra (Gia tr thc)
Tn hieu nhieu
Qua trnh bien oi
.c
Hnh 55
ieu khien mach h
c
n
V ieu khien h co the cho cac tn hieu au ra khong chnh xac, do o cac tn hieu ra phai c phan
hoi ve he ieu khien, e lien tuc tnh toan va ieu chnh lai cac gia tr thc theo yeu cau.
tr
i
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Qua trnh ieu khien kn lien tuc nay c goi la mach ieu khien kn (xem hnh 56).
w
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Tnh hieu ra (gia tr thc)

Tnh hieu nhieu
Hanh trnh ieu khien
Thiet b o
Tnh hieu ra (gia tr thc)
Hnh 56
ieu khien mach kn
Tnh hieu vao (gia tr can)
Tren may cong cu CNC mach ieu khien kn c ng dung e ieu khien v tr cua cac truc.
ieu khien CNC

Cau truc va chc nang
ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu giai ma chng trnh NC va x ly tiep cac thong tin co lien quan ve cong
nghe va hnh dang hnh hoc cua chi tiet. Vi s ho tr cua he ieu khien CNC cac bo phan cau thanh
may cong cu CNC c ieu khien va ieu chnh sao cho hnh thanh c chi tiet gia cong mong
muon. Cac chc nang cua he ieu khien CNC co the c thiet lap nh: nhap d lieu, x ly d lieu va
xuat d lieu (xem hnh 57).
Nhap va x ly d lieu
Viec nhap d lieu trong ieu khien CNC ve c ban dien ra tren bang ieu khien bao gom ban phm va
man hnh. ay cac chng trnh NC co the c thiet lap va quan ly, d lieu co the c nhap vao
MTS GmbH 1997

hoac co the goi mo phong chng trnh. Chng trnh NC cung co the c ghi nh hoac lu tr d lieu
ben ngoai v du tren bang t, hoac trc ay tren bang duc lo. ong thi no cung co kha nang lien
ket vi cac d lieu t ben ngoai thong qua cac thiet b giao tiep hay mang en may tnh chu (Van hanh
DNC), sau o tao ra va quan ly cac chng trnh NC tren may tnh nay.
ieu khien CNC
1
Y
X ly cong nghe
X ly hnh hoc
ieu khien thch nghi
X,Y,Z
ieu chnh v tr cac truc
X ly d lieu
Gia tr thc cua v tr
Nhap d lieu
Xuat d lieu
Hnh 57: Cau truc ieu khien CNC
.c
X ly d lieu cua he ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu thiet lap d lieu t chng trnh NC, cac d lieu nay
can thiet cho hoat ong cua may cong cu CNC va e gia cong chi tiet.
c
n
Cac d lieu cong nghe thc hien cac cong viec nh chon dao, chon chieu quay, ieu chnh so vong
quay cua truc chnh hoac tat, m nc lam nguoi. Chung c chuyen vao cac bo phan tng ng cua
may cong cu CNC thong qua bo ieu khien thch nghi.
tr
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Cac chuyen ong chay noi suy
Cac thong tin hnh dang hnh hoc cua chng trnh NC, c bien dch t he ieu khien CNC di s
tnh toan cac bc tien dao cho tng truyen ong cua cac truc. Cac hanh trnh chuyen ong va c
tao ra, tiep tuc c ieu chnh bi mach ieu khien kn cho cac v tr cua truc tien dao.
.l
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Bien dang cho trc trong k thuat c hnh thanh t cac phan t ng thang va ng tron. Do vay
hau het tat ca cac he ieu khien CNC ngay nay c trang b hoan chnh vi noi suy ng thang va
cung tron. Trong cac he ieu khien CNC cua chung ta cung co noi suy parabol bac 2 va bac 3, noi suy
ng xoan oc va noi suy ng phi tuyen.
w
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Neu mot dung cu chay theo ng thang t mot iem xuat phat ti iem ch khong song song vi truc,
th goi la noi suy ng thang. e co the at c quy ao thang cua dung cu th cac chuyen ong dch
chuyen cua cac truc thanh phan phai c xac nh tng ng. Do vay moi tng quan bc tien cua
tng truc khang nh hng chuyen ong thang (Xem hnh 58 va 59)
Y
1
1
2
1
X
Chuyen ong dch chuyen mong muon

Hnh 58
Tng quan bc tien cac truc
MTS GmbH 1997
X
Chuyen ong dch chuyen mong muon
Hnh 59
Tng quan bc tien cac truc

Ngi ta co the lam sang to nguyen tac dch chuyen cua mot dung cu theo ng zch zac, thang va
cung tron trong mot be mat bi mot may ve vi cac ong c bc. ong c bc c ieu khien bi
xung ien. Thong qua cac xung ien am hoac dng ma truc cua ong c bc quay giat cuc quanh
mot goc xac nh theo chieu phai hoac trai. ieu nay dan ti, moi truc trong hai truc ch co the at c
mot gia tr quay xac nh. Qua o may ve ch co the chay tng iem tren be mat ve. Nh tren man hnh
may tnh, mot ng nghieng hnh thanh bi cac chuyen ong cua au ve song song vi truc (Xem
hnh 60).
1
Chuyen ong mong muon cua au ve
Chuyen ong theo truc X
Chuyen ong theo truc Y
Hnh 1
ng dch chuyen cua au may ve
.c
Noi suy dch chuyen cua he ieu khien CNC co cung mot cach thc tng t. No tnh toan cac gia tr
trung gian can thiet cho viec noi suy va chuyen chung nh la nhng gia tr can cho mach ieu khien
kn.
c
n
Trng hp noi suy ng thang, hai hoac ba truc ong thi dch chuyen (Xem hnh 61), ay cac
chuyen ong dch chuyen cua chung c xac nh tuan t theo mot tng quan nhat nh.
X
Z
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tr
i
Noi suy cung tron (Xem hnh 62) nh sau: dung cu di chuyen t mot iem xuat phat theo mot quy ao
dang cung tron. Chuyen ong cua dung cu co the chay cung hoac ngc chieu kim ong ho. e at
c quy ao dung cu la dang cung tron, th cac chuyen ong dch chuyen cac truc cung phai c
xac nh lan lt trong moi tng quan cua quang ng a dch chuyen. Moi truc chuyen ong theo
dang sin hoac cosin. T s giao ket cua hai truc cho ket qua la cung tron.
Chuyen ong dch chuyen cua au mui ve
Chuyen ong dch chuyen cua au mui ve
Hnh 61
Noi suy ng thang

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 62
Noi suy cung tron
Cac dang ieu khien CNC

Tng truc cua may cong cu CNC nhan tn hieu dch chuyen (cac lenh) t he ieu khien CNC. Cac tn
hieu nay c ma hoa va da vao chng trnh NC a cho. Chung c x ly bi he ieu khien va
chuyen en ong c truyen ong. Hanh trnh dch chuyen cua dung cu cat c thc hien mot cach
chnh xac. Tuy theo dang hanh trnh dch chuyen ngi ta phan biet cac dang ieu khien sau:
ieu khien iem

ieu khien oan
ieu khien ng:
- ieu khien 2D
- ieu khien 2D
- ieu khien 3D
ieu khien iem
.c
ay la dang ieu khien n gian nhat. Trong ieu

khien iem, mot iem ch c tiep can vi toc
o nhanh, tai ay qua trnh gia cong c thc
hien (Xem hnh 63). Vi cach thc nay cac iem
ch khac c ieu khien tiep can va gia cong
tuan t.
c
n
ieu khien iem co the c ng dung trong cac

qua trnh gia cong nh: khoan, khoet, doa, taro
ren, han iem, dap ot.
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Hnh 63
ieu khien iem
ieu khien oan

Vi ieu khien oan, hanh trnh dch chuyen vi
lng tien dao a lap trnh cua dung cu cat ch co
the c ieu khien song song vi cac truc (Xem
hnh 64).
Bien dang chi tiet gia cong ch co the la cac
ng song song.
ieu khien oan co the c ng dung trong
nhieu trng hp, ch gia cong nhng be mat
song song vi bang may, v du nh tien tru hoac
tien mat au, phay cac mat phang song song,
phay lo suot. cac trng hp nay viec gia
cong ch dien ra theo mot hng.
Hnh 64
ieu khien oan

MTS GmbH 1997

ieu khien ng
Vi ieu khien ng, hanh trnh dch chuyen (ng
thang, ng nghieng, ng cong, ng phi tuyen)
co the c ieu khien trong mat phang hoac trong
khong gian.
Cac bien dang bat ky co the c gia cong di tac
ong ieu khien ong thi cua 2 hoac nhieu ong c
bc tien (xem hnh 65).
e co the thc hien chuyen ong ong thi cac truc
may, trc o cac gia tr trung gian phai c tnh
toan bi he ieu khien CNC, cac gia tr nay phai nam
tren ng cong t iem xuat phat ti iem ch va
c xac nh bi toan hoc.
Hnh 65
ieu khien ng
Tuy theo so lng cac truc c ieu khien ong thi ma ta chia ra:
.c
ieu khien 2D
c
n
Vi ieu khien 2D hai truc co the ieu khien ong

thi. Do vay cac dch chuyen cua dung cu co the thc
hien theo ng thang va dang tron tren cung mot
mat phang (xem hnh 66).
V du mot may phay CNC co 3 truc, ieu khien 2D co

ngha la, cac bien dang co the c phay vi hai truc,
con truc th ba phai c tien dao ac biet oc lap
vi hai truc kia.
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Hnh 66
ieu khien 2D
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ieu khien 2D
Tat ca 3 truc c ieu khien trong ieu khien 2D,

tuy nhien trong moi mat phang luon luon ch co hai
truc c ieu khien ong thi. Truc th ba c goi
la truc tien dao.
Hnh 67
ieu khien 2D (mat phang X/Y)
ieu khien 2D tao ra cac chuyen ong cua dung cu

cat trong nhieu mat phang, bang cach noi suy chuyen
oi gia mot trong ba mat phang chnh.
Tuy thuoc vao mat phang gia cong c chon ma cac

truc khac nhau c ieu khien ong thi, do vay cac
chuyen ong co the cac mat phang sau:
- Mat phang X/Y (xem hnh 67),
- Mat phang X/Z (xem hnh 68),
- Mat phang Y/Z (xem hnh 69).
Hnh 68
ieu khien 2D (mat phang X/Z)
MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 69
ieu khien 2D (mat phang Y/Z)
ieu khien 3D
Ba truc c noi suy ong thi trong ieu khien 3D,

nh o cac chuyen ong cua dung cu cat c thc
hien trong khong gian theo kch thc 3 chieu.
.c
Qua o co kha nang gia cong c cac bien dang rat

phc tap, v du nh che tao dao cat, che tao khuon
mau gia cong trong mot lan kep.
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c
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Ngay nay hau het cac may cong cu CNC c ieu

khien bang 3D.
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Hnh 70
ieu khien 3D

MTS GmbH 1997
Van hanh DNC

ac iem hoat ong DNC
DNC (Direct Numerical Control) c mo ta la mot dang van hanh, trong o co nhieu may NC va CNC
cung nh nhieu thiet b khac c noi mang lai vi nhau. Nhng thiet b nay co the la thiet b o hieu
chnh chuan b dung cu cat, may o, v tr lap trnh va mot he thong quan l dung cu cat va vat lieu gia
cong trung tam (xem hnh 71).
NC -Program ming
CAD
PPS
Mang cuc
bo (LAN)
Ma y tnh
chu DNC
Thiet b o hieu
chnh dung cu
.c
S l d lieu
cua x nghiep
Ma y CNC
Bo phan lu
tr NC
c
n
Hnh 71
Cau truc cua he thong DNC
Viec ket noi gia cac thanh phan cua mot he thong DNC c thc hien bi mot ng dan d lieu.
Viec truyen d lieu trc tiep nay cho phep bo qua nhng vat cha d lieu thong thng nh bang uc
lo, bang t, a mem cung nh cac thiet b dung e ghi va oc oi hoi ac biet cho no.
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ac iem c ban cua hoat ong DNC la s quan ly va sap xep cac thong tin mot cach chnh xac va
ung luc. e co the xac nh va phan phoi cac thong tin nay en v tr chnh xac, can phai s dung cac
thiet b giao tiep. Thong qua cac thiet b giao tiep nay tat ca cac bo phan cua he thong DNC c noi
vi mot may tnh chu. May tnh chu co the xac nh cac thong so cua may va cac d lieu gia cong,
chuyen oi cac dang hoat ong, oc, ghi va theo roi chnh xac v tr cua cac lu tr cung nh ieu khien
t ong t xa cac may tnh cua may CNC ang hoat ong.
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Nhap va x ly d lieu trong van hanh DNC
Thong qua cau truc cua he thong DNC (xem hnh 71) ta co the nhap d lieu t cac thiet b khac nhau,
ma cac thiet b nay co the at cach xa nhau.
Nhng chng trnh NC nho, n gian co the c lap trc tiep tren may cong cu CNC. e thiet lap
chng trnh NC ln, phc tap ta nen u tien lap trnh t ben ngoai (tai v tr lap trnh).
Mot he thong DNC thng bao gom cac chc nang c ban sau:
Lu tr va quan ly cac chng trnh NC.

Phan phoi chnh xac cac chng trnh NC en cac may gia cong.
Nhan lai cac chng trnh NC a c sa cha va toi u hoa t cac may cong cu e lu tr d
lieu trung tam.
e at c muc tieu nay phai co mot trung tam quan ly cac chng trnh NC trong he thong DNC.
Cac chng trnh NC c tao ra va c toi u hoa c chuyen en cac may tnh tng ng thong
qua ng dan d lieu. Trong trng hp may cong cu CNC khong trang b cong giao tiep DNC ac
biet, th mot may tnh tram DNC se ieu khien to chc truyen d lieu gia he ieu khien CNC va may
tnh chu.
MTS GmbH 1997

Tuy thuoc vao tng he thong DNC co the con co them cac chc nang sau:
Quan ly trung tam cac dung cu cat va d lieu hieu chnh dung cu cat.
Ket noi vi cac thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu cat.
ieu hanh cac chi tiet gia cong va cac tam ga.
nh va phan chia thi gian cac bc gia cong.
ieu khien dong vat lieu.
am bao an toan s hnh thanh d lieu hien hu.
Kiem tra danh muc d lieu may va d lieu x nghiep (BDE, MDE) vi s anh gia bang bieu o.
Lap trnh NC vi trnh bien dch Postprocessor.
Mo phong o hoa vi s trnh bay bien dang cua dung cu cat, thiet b kep va chi tiet gia cong.
u iem cua he thong ieu khien DNC

So vi cac may cong cu CNC n le th mot he thong ieu khien DNC co cac u iem sau:
.c
Cong tac to chc x nghiep c cai tien tot hn.

Kha nang truy cap nhanh cac chng trnh va cac thong tin ho tr.
Giam thieu thi gian dng may cua may cong cu CNC bi s san sang lien tuc cua cac chng
trnh NC, dung cu cat va vat lieu gia cong.
Giam thieu cac loi khi nhap d lieu.
Kiem tra danh muc d lieu may va d lieu x nghiep (BDE, MDE) tao ieu kien cho ngi s
dung kiem soat thng xuyen va lu tr cac d lieu san xuat (thi gian chnh, thi gian phu,
thi gian dng cua may ), cac ch dan bao tr va cac ch dan nguyen nhan loi.
c
n
Tham quan xng CNC
Dien giai cac dang cua ieu khien CNC khac nhau tren cac may cong cu CNC hien co xng.
V du:
* ieu khien iem
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Neu khong co may cong cu ieu khien iem va oan th co the mo phong cac dang ieu khien CNC vi
s ho tr cua cac chi tiet gia cong tng ng.
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* ieu khien oan
May phay: Chay khoan lo
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May phay: Chay song song cac truc

May tien: Chay song song cac truc
* ieu khien 2D
May phay: Chay cac ng thang bang hai truc

May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron
May tien: Tien con hoac tien bo cung
* ieu khien 2D
May phay: Chay cac ng thang tren cac mat phang gia cong khac nhau
May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron tren cac mat phang gia cong khac nhau
* ieu khien 3D
May phay: Chay cac ng thang tren hai truc
May phay: Chay cac chuyen ong tron trong khong gian

MTS GmbH 1997
2.5
Hieu chnh dung cu cat cho gia cong CNC
Y ngha va muc ch cua cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat

Vi s ho tr cua cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat, chi tiet gia cong c lap trnh rat n gian ma
khong can quan tam en chieu dai hay ban knh cua dung cu. Co the s dung trc tiep cac thong so
cua ban ve chi tiet gia cong e lap trnh. Cac kch thc dung cu nh chieu dai hoac ban knh dao phay,
chieu dai can dao hoac ban knh mui dao tien c quan ly bi he ieu khien CNC.
Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat trong tien va phay

Hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu cat co lien quan en iem chuan, no tao ieu kien cho viec can oi gia
chieu dai cai at va thc te cua dung cu cat, v du: no c hnh thanh bi mai lai dung cu cat. Chieu
dai nay cua dung cu cat phai c nhan biet bi he ieu khien, do vay nhat thiet phai o chieu dai L,
co ngha la phai o khoang cach gia iem hieu chnh dung cu cat B va mui cat, sau o nhap d lieu
nay vao he ieu khien (Xem oan o dung cu cat trang 68).
Trng hp dao phay, chieu dai cua dung cu cat c xac nh theo phng Z (Xem hnh 72).
.c
B iem hieu chnh dung cu cat.

L Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu
chnh dung cu cat theo phng Z.
R Ban knh dao phay.
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Hnh 72
Gia tr hieu chnh dung cu dao phay
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Trong trng hp dao tien chieu dai L c xac nh theo phng Z (xem hnh 73).
B iem hieu chnh dung cu cat.

L Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu chnh
dung cu cat theo phng Z.
R Ban knh li cat.
Q Khoang cach t mui dao en iem hieu chnh
dung cu cat theo phng X
R
L
Hnh 73
Gia tr hieu chnh dung cu dao tien
Trong ieu khien CNC, nhng gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cat nay c lu tr trong bo lu tr hieu
chnh, o trong hau het cac he ieu khien CNC co the mo ta en 99 dung cu cat. Nhng gia tr nay
phai c kch hoat trong suot qua trnh gia cong. Viec goi dien ra trong chng trnh NC, v du vi a
ch H hoac v tr tng ng trong t lenh T.
MTS GmbH 1997
Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat

ieu khien CNC lam chu kha nang hieu chnh ban knh dao trong gia cong phay va hieu chnh ban knh
mui dao trong gia cong tien. Vi s tr giup nay khi thiet lap chng trnh NC co the lap trnh trc tiep
bien dang cua chi tiet gia cong.
Hieu chnh ban knh dao (phay)
e dung cu cat tao ra bien dang a lap trnh vi o chnh xac cao th tam dao cat phai chuyen ong
tren mot quy ao, ma quy ao nay phai chay song song vi ng a lap trnh. Quy ao tam dao nay
c mo ta la khoang khong oi (xem hnh 74).
Quy ao tam dao phay
Bien dang chi tiet
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Hnh 74
Cac quy ao tam dao phay (khoang khong oi)
2
1
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ng lap trnh
ng lap trnh
ng dch chuyen cua dung cu cat
ng dch chuyen cua dung cu cat
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Khoang khong oi la quy ao tam dao, no chay vi khoang cach khong oi ti bien dang a lap trnh
cua chi tiet. Tai cac ng chuyen tiep bat thng v du nh cac goc trong va goc ngoai (xem hnh 75
va 76), cac ng chuyen tiep c hnh thanh khoang khong oi theo nguyen tac ieu khien ac biet
v du bo xung cac cung tron.
Hnh 75:
Phay goc trong
Hnh 76:
Phay goc ngoai
goc trong hnh thanh cung tron co ban knh

tng ng ban knh dao
goc ngoai dao phay chay tao ra cung tron can

oi.
ieu khien CNC chap nhan viec tnh toan quy ao tam dao phay song song vi bien dang gia cong.
Ban knh c ghi nh trong bo nh hieu chnh dung cu cua dao phay tng ng b triet tieu trong s
tnh toan nay. Gia tr ban knh khong nhap trong chng trnh NC, ma ch c goi theo gia tr hieu
chnh tng ng.

MTS GmbH 1997

V viec gia cong co the c thc hien theo hai chieu nen ieu khien NC phai c thong bao, lieu qua
trnh gia cong can dien ra ben phai hay ben trai cua ng bien dang a lap trnh.
2
Ben trai cua bien dang
Ben phai cua bien dang
Bien dang c lap trnh
.c
Hnh 77
Cac chieu gia cong trong hieu chnh ban knh dao phay
Cac hnh sau ay minh hoa viec la chon hieu chnh ban knh dao phu thuoc vao v tr cua dung cu cat
trong moi tng quan vi bien dang gia cong
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Khi gia cong ngoai (xem hnh 78) va

Khi gia cong trong (xem hnh 79).
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Hnh 78
Hieu chnh ban knh dao khi gia cong ngoai

Hnh 79
Hieu chnh ban knh dao khi gia cong trong
Tuy nhien co nhng chuyen ong khong can phai hieu chnh ban knh dao, v du nh cac lo khoan, ieu
nay phai c thong bao cho ieu khien CNC biet vi cac lenh tng ng.

MTS GmbH 1997
Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao (tien)

Trong gia cong tien ban knh mui dao (thay v ban knh dao phay) c hieu chnh, v he ieu khien tnh
toan hanh trnh dch chuyen da tren mui dao ly thuyet. mui dao tien ly thuyet nay chuyen ong doc
theo hanh trnh a c lap trnh.
Nhng v cac kch thc thc te cua dung cu, dao tien co ban knh mui dao, nen neu khong c chu y
se co nhieu loi xuat hien khi tien. Do o thng con e lai nhng cung tron nhng goc ben trong cua
bien dang (xem hnh 80).
Khi dung cu cat dch chuyen khong song song vi truc X hay truc Z se xuat hien nhieu sai lech kch
thc va hnh dang hnh hoc (xem hnh 81). Nhng loi nay co the tranh c bang hieu chnh ban knh
li cat bi he ieu khien CNC, hay con c goi la lng bu ban knh li cat.
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3
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iem cat ly thuyet
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Bien dang lap trnh
Hnh 81
Loi khi tien: Kch thc phan con khong tng ng
nh bien dang c lap trnh
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Hnh 80
Loi khong the tranh khi tien: Ton tai goc pha
trong bien dang
Bien dang lap trnh

iem cat ly thuyet
Li cat ly thuyet cua dung cu
Li cat thc cua dung cu
Li cat thc cua dung cu
Li cat ly thuyet cua dung cu
Goc bien dang, no khong c

gia cong v ban knh li cat
Khoang sai lech so vi bien dang

lap trnh
V tr thc cua quy ao dch chuyen dung cu cat (xem hnh 82) c tnh toan t ong trong cac ieu
khien CNC hien ai bi s hieu chnh ban knh li cat.
Theo o can phai quan tam en 3 van e sau:
1.
2.
3.
Ban knh mui dao cat phai lu san trong bo nh lu tr gia tr hieu chnh cua ieu khien CNC.
V tr cua mui dao (vect gia tr hieu chnh) phai c nhan biet bi ieu khien CNC.
Hng gia cong cua dung cu cat lien quan en bien dang phai c lap trnh tng ng trong
lap trnh NC.

MTS GmbH 1997
ng bien dang c lap trnh

Quy ao tam (khoang cach khong oi)
c tnh toan bi ieu khien CNC,
tren quy ao nay dao se dch chuyen
khi gia cong
Hnh 82
Khoang cach khong oi trong tien
c
n
.c
e he ieu khien tnh toan chnh xac tng iem cat that khi gia cong, goc mui cat c mo ta cho tng
dung cu bi vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat (vect SRK). o vect SRK ch ra v tr cua goc
mui cat theo I va K (phng X va Z) lien quan ti tam iem cua li cat (xem hnh 83). Vect SRK cua
moi dung cu cat c xac nh trc trong bo quan tr dung cu cat cua mo phong CNC.
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Li cat thc
R Ban knh li cat
iem cat ly thuyet
Vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat
Li cat ly thuyet
Hnh 83
Vec t gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat

MTS GmbH 1997

Tuy theo li cat dao tien c s dung nam goc phan t nao, ma vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh
li cat khac nhau phai c nhap vao he ieu khien (xem hnh 84). Khi nhap gia tr hieu chnh I va K
phai chu y en
cac dau hnh thanh trc no.
Moi gia tr cua dung cu tc thi phai
c at cho ban knh li cat R.
8
4
Goc phan t 1: K = R I = R
Goc phan t 2: K =-R I = R
Goc phan t 3: K =-R I = -R
Goc phan t 4: K = R I = -R
Goc phan t 5: K = R I = 0
Goc phan t 6: K = 0 I = R
Goc phan t 7: K = -R I = 0
.c
2
6
c
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Goc phan t 8:K = 0 I = -R
Hnh 84
Cac gia tr cho vect gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat tuy
thuoc vao goc phan t lam viec cua dung cu cat.
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V du sau minh hoa cach xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh I va K (xem hnh 85).
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Li cat ang lam viec goc phan t th 3

Ban knh li cat R = 0,8 mm
Gia tr cua I va K nh sau:

K = -0,8
I
= -0,8
Hnh 85
V du: Gia tr hieu chnh ban knh li cat.
Khi goi hieu chnh ban knh li dao trong chng trnh, th v tr cua dao tien theo hng chuyen ong
phai c thong bao cho he ieu khien CNC bang cach s dung cac lenh tng ng:
- Dao tien at ben trai cua ng bien dang khi nhn theo hng chuyen ong, hay
- Dao tien at ben phai cua ng bien dang khi nhn theo hng chuyen ong.
Cac hnh sau minh hoa viec lap trnh hieu chnh ban knh li cat tuy thuoc vao v tr cua dung cu cat
lien quan en bien dang gia cong trong trng hp
- Gia cong ngoai (xem hnh 86, 87) va
- Gia cong trong (xem hnh 88 va 89).

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 87
Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien ngoai,
ben phai cua bien dang
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben phai

bien dang
c
n
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben trai bien

dang
.c
Hnh 86
Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien ngoai,
ben trai cua bien dang
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Bien dang lap trnh
Bien dang lap trnh
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Hnh 83
Hnh 84
Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien trong, ben trai Hieu chnh ban knh li cat khi tien trong, ben
cua bien dang
phai cua bien dang
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben trai bien

dang
Bien dang lap trnh
Hng gia cong cua dung cu ben phai bien

dang
Bien dang lap trnh
Tng t nh lap trnh chi tiet phay, co the lap trnh trc tiep bien dang chi tiet gia cong t ban ve ma
khong can tnh toan chuyen oi. Trong trng hp tien cung phai la chon hieu chnh ban knh li cat
vi cac lenh tng ng.
MTS GmbH 1997
o va hieu chnh dung cu vi dung cu hieu chnh

e tranh qua tai cho may CNC viec o dung cu (o hieu chnh chuan b dung cu) c thc hien theo
nguyen tac ben ngoai may CNC. o ngi ta s dung thiet b o va hieu chnh van nang. Dao tien va
dao phay vi cac can ga khac nhau c o va xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh tng ng. Trng hp
khac oi vi thiet b o va hieu chnh hien ai, cac d lieu a xac nh co the c chuyen trc tiep ti
he ieu khien CNC cua may cong cubi DNC hoac thong qua cac vat tr tin hoac may in.
Cau truc va chc nang cua thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu
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Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu thc hien nhiem vu xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu cua cac dao
phay va tien, neu khong viec lap trnh bien dang chi tiet se khong con y ngha (Xem lai phan hieu chnh
ban knh dao phay trang 62 hoac hieu chnh ban knh li cat dao tien trang 64)
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Hnh 90
Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu ZOLLER H 420
Thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu hnh thanh c ban t cac bo phan chnh sau:
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e may
bang may
Knh quang hoc va
Bo kep can ga
Tiep theo e o cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu phai co thiet b o ien t va thiet b lu tr e lu tr d
lieu, v du ban knh dao phay R va va chieu dai L
Cac bc o hieu chnh dung cu

Cac bc sau ay mo ta viec o dao tien vi dung cu o hieu chnh dung cu

MTS GmbH 1997

Muc ch cua cong viec la o va xac nh chnh xac chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q cua dao tien (Xem
hnh 91), e co the thong bao gia tr hieu chnh theo X va Z cho he ieu khien CNC.
B
L
iem hieu chnh dung cu

Chieu dai L = khoang cach t mui cat ti iem
hieu chnh dung cu theo phng Z
Chieu ngang Q = khoang cach t mui cat ti
iem hieu chnh dung cu theo phng X
R
L
Hnh 91
o dao tien
Kep dao tien can o vao au rvolve tng ng vi o dao

M va tao chuan cho thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu
o dao tien
Vi tai lieu ch dan s dung thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu bang may c di chuyen vi dao can o
theo phng X va Z (Xem hnh 92).
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Hnh 92
ng giao ch thap cua mot ong knh quang hoc may
o hieu chnh dung cu khi nh v chnh xac mui dao tien
Muc ch cua viec dch chuyen nay la ieu chnh chnh xac
l i cat dao tien sao cho no nam ung
vao ng giao ch thap cua mot ong knh thiet b o.
Luc nay chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q cua dao tien co the oc c tren man hnh hien th cua
thiet b o.
Cac gia tr nay tng ng cac gia tr hieu chnh cua dao tien theo phng X va Z.
Lu gi cac gia tr hieu chnh a o c

Gia tr hieu chnh luc nay hoac c ghi thanh danh muc bang tay, e sau nay nhap vao may CNC.
Hoac cac gia tr c chap nhan trc tiep chuyen ti he ieu khien CNC qua ng truyen trong
van hanh DNC.
Dao tien c ri khoi v tr o
Dao tien luc nay c lay i va tiep tuc o cho dao khac.
o va hieu chnh dung cu vi s ho tr cua may CNC

o dung cu trc tiep tren may CNC
MTS GmbH 1997

o trc tiep dung cu tren may cong cu CNC ti nay ch thong dung co may tien-CNC.
Khi o dung cu trc tiep, chi tiet c gia cong vi dao ga v tr bat k (V du: Tien tru). Sau o chi tiet
c o trong moi tng quan vi iem 0 cua may (M). Gia tr a o c nhap vao bo nh hieu chnh
dung cu cua ieu khien CNC.
Tiep o dao th hai c ga, xa dao i ti cung v tr cua dao tien th nhat va bien dang chi tiet a tien
c chay lai. T v tr thc mi (Ist) cua xa dao he ieu khien tnh toan gia tr hieu chnh cho dao th
hai.
o dao trc tiep tiet kiem thi gian, nhng oi hoi khong tieu hao vat lieu tiep theo.
Xac nh sai lech can-thc vi cac phng tien tr giup k thuat khac nhau
o so sanh vi mot dung cu chuan tren may phay CNC
Mot phng phap o dung cu tren may phay CNC la xac nh chieu dai khac nhau cua cac dao phay
so vi mot dao chuan. Cac ban knh hieu chnh cua tat ca cac dao a xac nh trc va nhap vao he
ieu khien CNC.
Trnh t cac bc:
.c
Vi dung cu th nhat (con goi la dung cu 0), be mat cua chi tiet a kep c ra. Gia tr Z a o c
cai at bang 0 cho dung cu nay.
c
n
Dao tiep theo c kep va tiep o vao ra be mat chi tiet. V tr Z tc thi co the c nhap vao bo nh
hieu chnh vi dau pha trc (dau dng hoac am). Do vay cac gia tr hieu chnh chieu dai dung cu tr
thanh cac gia tr sai lech so vi chieu dai cua dung cu chuan.
Qua trnh nay c thc hien tiep cho cac dung cu khac.
o dung cu vi ong knh quang hoc cua may tien CNC
tr
i
Trong khong gian lam viec cua mot vai may tien CNC c trang b he thong ong knh quang hoc tai
mot iem co nh, v tr nay c nhan biet bi may CNC. Cac toa o nay c lu tr trong he ieu
khien CNC nh la nhng tham so.
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Dung cu can o c kep bat k tren au rvolve va c dch chuyen tuan t bi tay quay bang ien
t ti tam giao ch thap cua ong knh quang hoc. He ieu khien tnh toan chieu dai L va chieu ngang Q
(ma khong can nhap them d lieu nao na), cac d lieu nay c lu trong bo nh hieu chnh dung cu.
u va nhc iem cua o dung cu trc tiep tren may CNC
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u iem
o linh hoat cao
To chc linh hoat cho lam viec ben may
Tiet kiem chi ph bi bo qua
Khong at c o chnh xa cao
Nhc iem
Phai dng may CNC trong luc o
- Thiet b o hieu chnh dao

- He thong ga dung cu rat ton kem
Luyen tap CNC

MTS GmbH 1997
Lam viec vi cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu trong phan mem CNC
Trong phan mem MTS ngi ta co the thiet lap mot hoac nhieu cac gia tr hieu chnh cho tng dung cu
nh tren may cong cu CNC thc.
Bai tap:
Chi tiet tien sau ay can c tien tho va tien tinh bang mot dao tien ngoai li cat trai (Left corner tool)
vi viec cai at cac gia tr hieu chnh dung cu khac nhau.
T05 Left corner tool CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
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Gia tr hieu chnh cua dao cho cac kch thc hieu chnh Q(X) va L(Z) phai c nhap vao a ch bo
nh hieu chnh D25.
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ieu kien:
Thiet lap mo phong MTS theo cac d lieu thiet lap sau:
CONFIGURATION
MASCHINE MTS 6 TURN: Maschine
CONTROL MTS 6 TURN: Control
WORKPART
CYLINDER D060.000 L082.000
MATERIAL C 45 W-Nr: 1.0503
DENSITY 007.90
MAIN SPINDEL WITH WORKPART
CHUCK SP 200-52 3
STEP JAW SP-GSBS 200
CHUCKING DEPTH E32.000
RI GHT SIDE OF THE PART: Z+209.500
TOOLS
T05 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
MTS GmbH 1997
Trnh t thc hien:

Noi dung
Nhap d lieu
1. Goi mo phong CNC Tien.
F1
2. Chon thiet lap cong nghe.
F3
3. Chon menu bo nh hieu chnh.
F4
(TOPTURN)
(Setup Mode)
(Tool Data)
(Comp Storage)
F3
Nhap 25 va
Chap nhan vi (change values).
F1
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4. Goi a ch bo nh hieu chnh so D25.
Z:
X:
+43.0
+60.5
Ban knh mui cat:
R:
0.4
Kch thc:
G:
0.0
Goc nghieng:
E:
32.0
Tr so hieu chnh:
K:
I:
-0.4
-0.4
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Mui cat:
5. Nhap d lieu cho a ch bo nh hieu chnh

so 25.
Goc phan t Q3 c at t ong bi

MTS ngay sau khi bam tiep phm
hoac phm
!
Ch c chap nhan sau khi bam tiep
F8 !
Ghi d lieu vi cac phm, vi
hoac
chon tng vung nhap.

MTS GmbH 1997

6. Thoat khoi menu bo nh hieu chnh.
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
(Quit)
F8
Chng trnh NC Truc bac co the c mo phong bang che o t ong hoac t ong tng cau lenh.
Chng trnh NC: Truc bac
N010 G90
N015 G54 X+000.000 Z+207.500
N020 F000.300 T0101 M04
N025 G96 S0180
N030 G92 S3000
N035 G00 X+062.000 Z+000.000
N040 G01 X-001.000 M08
N045 Z+002.000
N050 G00 X+120.000 Z+040.000 M09
N055 F000.300 T0525 M04
N060 G00 X+050.000 Z+002.000
N065 G01 Z-044.800 M08
N070 X+061.000
N075 G00 Z+002.000
N080 X+040.000
N085 G01 Z-044.800
N090 X+051.000
N095 G00 Z+002.000
N100 X+030.000
N105 G01 Z-014.800
N110 X+042.000
N115 G00 Z+002.000
N120 T0505 M04 F000.160
N125 G00 X+030.000
N130 G01 Z-015.000
N135 X+040.000
N140 Z-045.000
N145 X+062.000
N150 G00 X+120.000 Z+040.000 M05 M09
N155 M30
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Ban ve
Xng
Lam viec vi thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu
Hoc vien t xac nh cac gia tr hieu chnh cua cac dung cu tren thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu thc te.

MTS GmbH 1997

Can oc trc hng dan s dung thiet b o hieu chnh dung cu co trong xng.
o bang ong knh quang hoc cac dung cu tren may CNC
Xac nh kch thc trc tiep vi ho tr cua may CNC
Hoc vien can t thc hien o dao tien va dao phay tren may cong cu CNC co trong xng.
Cac bc thc hien c ban co the tham khao trong phan o va hieu chnh dung cu cat vi s ho tr
cua may CNC). Cac bc e thc hien tren may cong cu CNC c rut ra t ban hng dan s dung
tng ng.
2.6 He thong o hanh trnh

Lng tien dao, ieu khien va ieu chnh v tr cua cac truc NC
ieu khien CNC co nhiem vu tao ra cac dch chuyen cua dung cu cat hay ban may khi s dung cac
lenh cua chng trnh NC. Nh o cac truc phai chay en cac toa o a c lap trnh, vi toc o
(lng tien dao) a c cai at trc, at o chnh xac cao.
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V tr chnh xac trong khong gian cua cac bo phan may dch chuyen c ieu khien phai c phan
hoi lai cho he ieu khien CNC tng thi iem. Nhiem vu nay do cam bien v tr thc hien, cac d lieu
se c phan hoi theo nh mach ieu khien kn (xem hnh 93).
c
n
Tren may cong cu CNC v tr cua ban xa dao c o lien tuc, t s thay oi theo thi gian cua hanh
trnh, v tr quy ao tc thi (gia tr thc) cung nh toc o cua hanh trnh c tnh toan bi he ieu
khien CNC va c so sanh vi hanh trnh a lap trnh (gia tr can).
Cac yeu to anh hng en mach ieu khien nh lc cat khi gia cong cung nh ma sat va o h cua
bang may. Chung c goi la cac ai lng nhieu va c bu bi s ieu chnh (he ieu khien CNC).
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C khoang 1/1000 giay he ieu khien a mot gia tr can ve v tr mi cho mach ieu khien v tr, mach
nay ieu khien cac gia tr can ve v tr nay. tan so chu k cao thong thng no a nhan c gia tr
can mi trc khi gia tr can trc o at c. Hien tng c tao ar bi cac ieu kien vat l (V du :
Lng chay dao qua nhanh) nay cua mach ieu khien tao ra cai goi la loi cham tre.
ai lng au vao (gia tr can ve v tr)
ai lng au ra (gia tr thc ve v tr)
ai lng nhieu
ong c
Vt me bi
Thiet b o
ai lng au ra (gia tr thc ve v tr)
Hnh 93
Mach ieu khien kn
Phng phap o hanh trnh
e xac nh v tr tc thi cua ban xa dao (gia tr thc cua mach ieu khien v tr) a co san he thong o
hanh trnh cho moi truc tren may cong cu CNC. Tuy thuoc tng oi hoi tren moi truc bc tien ma ng
dung cac phng phap o hanh trnh khac nhau.

MTS GmbH 1997

o hanh trnh tng oi va tuyet oi
Khi o hanh trnh tuyet oi (xem hnh 94) th moi bc chia cua thang o ma hoa nh phan bieu th mot
gia tr so chnh xac. Ga tr nay tng ng vi mot v tr chnh xac cua ban may oi vi iem 0 cua may
M. ieu nay co ngha la moi thi iem, v tr tc thi cua ban may c chuyen trc tiep en he ieu
khien CNC. Khi s dung he thong o hanh trnh tuyet oi co mot nhc iem la pham vi e oc tren
thc o phai rong nh pham v lam viec, dan en thc o ma nh phan se qua ln va phc tap ve
mat ky thuat.
Khi o hanh trnh tng oi (xem hnh 95), trong khi chuyen ong dch chuyen t s thay oi vung sang
va toi cua li vach cho ra ket qua cac xung so, cac xung nay c cong vao hay tr i bi he he ieu
khien CNC. V tr tc thi cua ban may la hieu so cua v tr mi va v tr ke trc. Bi vay, ngay sau khi
khi ong may th ban may phai c di chuyen mot lan en iem tuyet oi, hay con goi la iem tham
chieu e he ieu khien CNC co the tnh toan cac toa o tng oi.
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01 2 34 56 7 8
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Thang o ma nh phan
Thc chia
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o hanh trnh tuyet oi
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V tr ke trc cua ban may

Ban may iem tham chieu R

Hnh 95
o hanh trnh tng oi
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Thong thng, trong may cong cu CNC ng dung o hanh trnh tng oi, v iem chuan co the c
thay the bat c luc nao.
Tuy nhien trong trng hp han thng dung tay may robot, s va cham co the xay ra vi chi tiet gia
cong khi di chuyen en iem chuan, v vay trong trng hp nay oi hoi phai ng dung o hanh trnh
tuyet oi.

MTS GmbH 1997
Luyen tap CNC

Chay ve iem tham chieu
Tien CNC
Trnh t thc hien
Noi dung
Nhap d lieu
F1
F3
3. Chon che o: Chay ve iem tham chieu.
F2
(TOPTURN)
(Setup Mode)
(Referenzpoint)
(Trc tien la X sau o Z) hoac
(Trc tien la Z sau o X).
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4. Chon trnh t chay cac truc.
Thong bao: Hay chon truc
c
n
Hai truc se lan lt chay t ong ve iem tham

chieu.
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V tr co the oc c bang hien th toa o cua cac

truc goc tren ben phai.
F8
(Quit)
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5. Thoat khoi menu Setup mode.

MTS GmbH 1997
Chay ve iem tham chieu

Phay CNC
Trnh t thc hien
Noi dung
Nhap d lieu
1. Goi mo phong CNC phay.
F1
F3
3. Chon che o: Chay ve iem tham chieu.
F2
(TOPMILL)
(Setup Mode)
(Referenzpoint)
(Trc tien la X sau o Y, Z) hoac
(Trc tien la Y sau o X, Z) hoac
(Trc tien la Z sau o X, Y).
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4. Chon trnh t chay cac truc.
Thong bao: Hay chon truc
c
n
Cac truc se lan lt chay t ong ve iem tham

chieu.
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V tr co the oc c bang hien th toa o cua cac

truc goc tren ben phai.
F8
(Quit)
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5. Thoat khoi menu Setup mode.

MTS GmbH 1997
K thuat ra dao tien mat au

Trnh t thc hien
Noi dung
Nhap d lieu
F1
F3
(TOPTURN)
(Setup Mode)
3. M truc chnh quay trai.
Bam phm M04 va chap nhan vi Enter.
4. Thay dung cu cho viec xac nh ien 0.
Nhap T0404 vi ban phm
5. Dao tien c chay nhanh ti cach mat au

chi tiet khoang 5mm.
Bam cac phm sau e dch chuyen :
c
n
Cac phm dch chuyen tiep theo:
+Z
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5
-Z
+X
B ild
E ntf
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-X
Chay nhanh theo hng -X
+Z
Po s 1
Chay nhanh theo hng -Z
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+X
6. e chuyen oi lng dch chuyen vi cac

khoang du xch tng oi 1mm; 0,1mm
hoac 0,01 mm.
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
(Hng - X)
F3
(Technology)
F5
(Increment)
F2
F3
7. Tien dao theo hng Z am e ra mat chi
tiet.
(Hng + X)
4
E SC
(Increment 0.1)
(Increment 0.01)
Bam
Bam ESC
va
8. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe

MTS GmbH 1997
F8
(Quit).
F8
(Quit).
K thuat ra dao phay mat tren

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
Thc hien
1.
2.
3.
F1
F3
(Milling)
(Setup mode)
Bam M03 va
Enter.
Bam T0202 va
Dung cu chay nhanh ti cach be mat chi tiet

khoang 5 mm.

Enter.
5.
oi dung cu cat e xac nh iem 0 cua

chi tiet.
4.
V du:
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Z
W
-Y
Ende
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+X
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-X
Bild
-Z
,Entf
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0
Einfg

6.
9
Bild
tr
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+Y
7
Pos 1
Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng Z am ti

khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
Thoat khoi menu thiet lap cong nghe

MTS GmbH 1997
(Hng + X)
(Hng - X)
Bild
(Hng + Y)
(Hng - Y)
Ende
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
F3
(Technology)
F5
(Increment)
F2
(Increment 0.1)
F3
(Increment 0.01)
tiep o
E SC
bam va
F8
8
chay nhanh theo hng

-Z
c
n
+Z
F8
(Quit).
(Quit).
K thuat ra dao phay mat canh ben trai

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
Thc hien
1.
2.
3.
F1
F3
(Milling)
(Setup mode)
Bam M03 va
Enter.
Bam T0202 va

mat canh theo truc X.

Enter.
5.

chi tiet.
1) Theo hng -X
+
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4.
chay nhanh theo -X
Ende
+X
Bild
-Z

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6
4
Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng X dng

ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.

MTS GmbH 1997
(Hng + X)
(Hng - X)
(Hng + Y)
(Hng - Y)
Ende
chay nhanh theo -Z
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
F3
(Technology)
F5
(Increment)
F2
(Increment 0.1)
F3
(Increment 0.01)
tiep o
E SC
bam va
F8
8
Bild
Entf
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Einfg
6.
Bild
tr
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-Y
+Y
Pos 1
c
n
+Z
-X
2) Theo hng -Z
F8
(Quit).
(Quit).
K thuat ra dao phay mat canh pha trc

Trnh t thc hien
Mo ta
Thc hien
1.
2.
3.
F1
F3
(Milling)
(Setup mode)
Bam M03 va
Enter.
Bam T0202 va

mat canh trc theo truc Y.

Enter.
1) Theo hng -Y
5.

chi tiet.
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4.
2
3
2) Theo hng -Z
c
n
-Y
Ende
+X
Bild
-Z

Dung cu dch chuyen theo hng X dng

ti khi cham nhe vao be mat chi tiet.
(Hng - X)
Bild
(Hng + Y)
(Hng - Y)
Ende

MTS GmbH 1997
chay nhanh theo -Z

(Hng + X)
(Hng + Z)
(Hng - Z)
F3
(Technology)
F5
(Increment)
F2
(Increment 0.1)
F3
(Increment 0.01)
tiep o
E SC
bam va
F8
8
Entf
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Einfg
6.
Bild
tr
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-X
+Y
+Z
Pos 1
chay nhanh theo -Y
Ende
F8
(Quit).
(Quit).

o chi tiet
Chi tiet co the o sau khi gia cong xong (Chay t ong) hoac trong khi gia cong ngay sau tng bc
cong viec.
Trnh t cong viec
Beschreibung
Eingaben
1. Goi mo phong tien-CNC t menu chnh.
F1
2. Chon che o t ong.
F2
3. Goi mot chng trnh co san,
(TOPMILL)
(Automatic Mode)
Nhap ten chi tiet GEWBU2 va

Enter.
4. Chon che o mo phong t ong.
(Automatic mode)
F1
zV du: GEWBU2.
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Qua trnh gia cong c mo ta tren man

hnh.
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6. Chon che o o phan t.
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5. Chon menu o 3D.
F6
F1
F2
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7. Chon phan t e o.
F6
8. Thoat khoi menu o phan t.

MTS GmbH 1997
(Dimensien 3D)
(Entity dimensien)
(Next entity) hoac

(previous entity)
Cac d lieu a chon c hien th pha

cot ben phai.
F8
(Abort)

9. Chon menu o theo iem.
F7
10. Chon iem e o.
F1
F2
(Point dimension)
(next point) hoac

(Previous point)
(Abort)
c
n
F8
11. Thoat khoi menu o theo iem.
.c
Cac d lieu a chon cho cac iem c

hien th pha cot ben phai.
12. Chon menu bieu dien 3D.
F1
F8
(3D view)
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13. Tao anh 3D
(3D Display)
14. Thoat khoi menu bieu dien 3D.
E SC
E SC
15. Thoat khoi menu o.
16. Thoat khoi dang mo phong t ong.

MTS GmbH 1997
F8
F8
(Quit)
(Quit)
Cau hoi kiem tra C s hnh hoc

K hieu cac chuyen ong dch chuyen trong he toa o cua tien CNC?
2.
K hieu cac chuyen ong dch chuyen trong he toa o cua phay CNC?
3.
He toa o cc c ng dung co li trong nhng trng hp nao cua phay?
4.
Neu hai v du ve cac dang ieu khien tren may phay CNC?
5.
Trong may phay CNC co cac dang ieu khien ng 2 D nao?
6.
Can c vao au e giai thch cac ieu khien ng 2 D?
7.
C s cua cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may cong cu ieu khien so?
8.
iem 0 cua chi tiet c xac nh bi ngi s dung can at au?
9.
Hay neu cac u iem cua lap trnh theo kch thc tuyet oi?
10.
Tai sao lap trnh theo kch thc tng oi oi khi rat can thiet?
11.
Hay chuyen cac kch thc tuyet oi sang kch thc tng oi?
12.
Hay neu s khac nhau can ban gia ieu khien kn va ieu khien h?
13.
Hay giai thch nguyen l ieu khien mach kn?.
14.
Tai sao khi phay lai oi hoi hieu chnh ban knh dao?
15.
Cac gia tr nao can c chu y khi hieu chnh dao phay?
16.
Tai sao khi tien lai oi hoi hieu chnh ban knh mui cat?
17.
Cac gia tr nao can c chu y khi hieu chnh dao tien?
18.
Hay neu y ngha cua goc phan t lam viec cua li cat dao tien?
19.
Hay neu cac dang khac nhau cua viec o dung cu cat?
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1.

MTS GmbH 1997
C s cong nghe gia cong CNC
3 C s cong nghe gia cong tren may CNC

3.1
He thong dung cu cat cho tien va phay CNC
Ngc lai vi may cong cu van nang, may cong cu CNC s dung nhng dung cu cat NC chuyen biet.
Nhng dung cu cat nay phai at c nhng tieu chuan sau:
Cong suat cat cao cung tuoi ben cao.

Thi gian chnh at va thay oi ngan e luon phu hp gia cong kinh te cac loat nho.
Dung cu cat c tieu chuan hoa vi tnh linh hoat cao.
Cai thien kha nang quan tr dung cu va gia cong linh hoat.
Dung cu cat NC c lap lai vi nhau bi hoac n hoac a bo phan va can dao. e thc hien viec thay
oi dung cu mot cach nhanh chong va tnh lap lan tot th can ga dung cu cat NC phai c tieu chuan hoa.
Can ga
Can dao
p
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Hnh 96
Can ga uoi tru co rang
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.c
Can ga c che tao vi cac dang ac biet, tuy vao phng phap gia cong ma chung co cac dang khac
nhau. oi vi dung cu tien thng dung loai can ga uoi tru co rang (xem hnh 96) va trong phay thng
dung loai can ga uoi con (xem hnh 97). Hai loai can ga nay ap ng kha nang thay dao ca t ong ca thu
cong nhanh.
Hnh 97
Can ga uoi con
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a so dung cu cat trong tien va phay c ket hp t nhieu bo phan lai vi nhau va thng gan cac manh
li cat (xem hnh 98).
Vau kep
Manh li cat
Chot
Manh em
Can dao
Hnh 98
Cac c cau kep cua can dao gan manh li cat

MTS GmbH 1997
85

Nhng bo phan chnh cua mot dao tien hien ai la can dao hay can dao gan manh li cat, manh li cat
va he thong kep cua no. Manh li cat va mot manh em c at tren can dao vi ho lom hai g .
Manh em lam nhiem vu lc cat ln va bao ve can dao trong trng hp manh hp kim b v.
Khi gia cong hnh thanh s nguy hiem bi lc cat va lc ly tam khi phay, do manh li cat b ni long trong
dung cu hay b trt tren bo ga. Do vay phai s dung c cau kep va vt kep e nh v chnh xac va kep
manh li cat mot cach chac chan.
Manh li cat va c cau kep phai c tieu chuan hoa tren mot pham vi rong (Xem hnh 101 trang 87).
Manh li cat hp kim cng
Trong ky thuat CNC manh li cat ngay cang c s dung rong rai bi chung co tuoi ben cao va thay the
de dang. Manh li cat co nhieu canh li cat do vay khi mot li cat b cun ta co the xoay hay chuyen
sang li cat khac.
c
n
.c
Manh li cat c lam t hp kim cng hay vat lieu gom (Xem muc vat lieu li cat trang 91). Chung
c che tao bang phng phap thieu ket. Theo phng phap nay th bot kim loai c ep nh hnh vi ap
suat cao va sau o em x ly nhiet, manh li cat c che tao hp l vi nhieu dang khac nhau (xem hnh
99).
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Hnh 93
Cac dang manh li cat
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Manh li cat c phan loai theo hnh dang c ban, cac goc, mui cat, cap chnh xac cung nh thiet b
dung e kep va cac kch thc chnh cua chung. Da theo tieu chuan ISO 1832/ DIN- 4987 ma k hieu tieu
chuan cua manh li cat c mo ta bi v du sau (Xem hnh 100).
Ky hieu
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Manh li cat ISO 1832 - ECMT 09 T3 08 FR - P10

V du
DIN 4987
1)
Hnh dang c ban
E = hnh thoi 75o
2)
Goc sau
C = 7o
3)
Cap chnh xac
4)
Be mat kep va ac iem kep T goc vat cua be mat lo kep =

chat
60o
5)
Kch thc manh li cat
Chieu dai canh = 9,52 mm
6)
Chieu day manh li cat
s = 3,97mm
7)
Ban knh li cat
r = 0,8mm
8)
ac iem li cat
F = canh sac
9)
Hng cat
R = ben phai
So tieu chuan
10) Vat lieu li cat
Hp kim cng P10
Hnh 100: K hieu manh li cat

MTS GmbH 1997
86

Tng
ng DIN
883
4968
1832
3364
4987 T1/T2
4988
5608
5609
4983
8025 T1/5
5610
5611
5611/AAD1
4984 T1/13
4985 T1/12
E 4985 T1A1
6281
8024
6287/1
4967 T1
DIS 6987/2
E 4967 T2
Nam ng
dung
TEN
Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao, khong lo ga,
cac kch thc
Manh li cat cho dung cu cat got, k hieu
Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao, co lo ga hnh
tru, cac kch thc
Can dao va can dao ngan cho cac manh li cat;
Can dao tien trong, vi can tru, cho cac manh li cat, cac
kch thc
Can dao cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc
Can dao ngan cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc
Can dao ngan dang A cho cac manh li cat, cac kch thc,
bo xung 1, m rong cho can dao ngan vi kch thc h = 8
Can dao tien trong hnh tru, e tien trong, cho cac manh li
cat, k hieu
Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao va lo ga la
mieng; phan 1; cac kch thc manh li cat vi goc sau 70
Manh li cat hp kim vi ban knh mui dao va lo ga la
mieng; phan 2; cac kch thc manh li cat vi goc sau 110
1985
1985
1980
1985
1985
1981
1986
1984
1983
1986
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Hnh 101
Bang tieu chuan dao tien vi manh li cat
1985
c
n
.c
Tieu
chuan ISO

MTS GmbH 1997
87

Luyen tap CNC
Thiet lap can dao phay
Mo ta
Nhap
1. M menu chnh phay-CNC.
F2
F3
3. Chon menu dung cu.
F4
(TOPMILL)
(Setup mode)
(Tool, Datum)
F2
(Magazine equipm.)
5. Chon menu thiet lap dung cu.
F2
(Management)
(Generate mounting)
F7
(Default data)
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7. Chon menu d lieu co san.
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F1
6. Chon menu thiet lap can ga.
4. Chon menu Magazine.
8. Chon d lieu co san a hien hu, v du:

SK40-MK2.

MTS GmbH 1997
hoac
, va bam
F1
(Display mounting), chon tiep vi
F1
(List mounting), bam
F8
(Create default) e chon
88
9. Goi o hoa ho tr
(Help graphic)
c
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F2
tr
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Nhap d lieu cho can ga.
10. Tao can ga
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11. Thoat khoi menu tao lap can ga.

MTS GmbH 1997
Ghi ten va cac d lieu can ga vi cac phm cua

ban phm
Chon la cac vung nhap bang phm TAB
F8
(Generate mounting)
F8
(Return)
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
89
3.2 Cau truc va cac bo phan dao tien cho gia cong CNC
o
.c
c
c
n
h
Dao tien c phan loai theo cac tieu chuan sau:
Theo vat lieu li cat:

Li cat thep gio
Li cat hp kim cng
Li cat vat lieu gom
Li cat kim cng
Theo v tr gia cong:

Dao tien gia cong ngoai
Dao tien gia cong trong
Theo hnh dang dao:

Dao tien thang
Dao tien au nghieng
Dao tien au cong
Dao tien li rong ban
Dao tien mui nhon
Theo v tr cua li cat chnh:

Dao tien trai
Dao tien phai
Dao tien gia
Theo muc ch gia cong:

Dao tien ranh
Dao tien goc
Dao tien ren
Cac dang dao tien va ky hieu ISO
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Cu the ve dao tien c mo ta trong cac tieu chuan tng ng (ISO 243, 504 hay 514; DIN 4951
4965 va DIN 4971 - 4982).
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Thong thng viec la chon dao tien theo v tr gia cong tham khao bang (Xem hnh 102). Cac dao tien
nay c lu tr vi tat ca cac kch thc cua chung trong quan tr dung cu cua mo phong MTS. Do o
chung co the c goi t ay e mo phong.
Dao tien
Dao tien ranh
Dao tien ren ngoai

(li cat phai)
Dao tien ren ngoai
(li cat trai)
Dao tien ranh ngoai
Dao tien trong

(trc tam)
Dao tien trong
(sau tam)
Dao tien ren trong

(trc tam)
Dao tien ren trong
(sau tam)
Dao tien ranh trong

(trc tam)
Dao tien ranh trong
(sau tam)
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Dao tien ngoai

(li cat phai)
Dao tien ngoai
(li cat trai)
Dao tien chep hnh
Dao tien ngoai
(li cat tron)
Dao gia cong lo
Ngoai
Dao tien ren
Trong
Hng truc
Dao tien ranh hng Li khoan tam

truc
Li khoan
Li khoan hp kim
Hnh 102
Phan loai dao tien

MTS GmbH 1997
90
Vat lieu li cat

Vat lieu li cat thng dung trong dao tien chu yeu la hp kim cng. Thep gio HSS (high-speed steel)
con c s dung cho cac cong viec tien nhat nh, be mat li cat cua no thng c ma. Manh li
cat bang vat lieu gom thng s dung cho cac trng hp ac biet va trong cac trng hp ac biet
khac s dung kim cng nhan tao.
Thep gio (HSS)
Thep gio la mot loai thep hp kim dung cu. No co o deo cao, v the no co kha nang chu c tai trong
va ap. Toc o cat nho hn so vi hp kim cng va vat lieu gom.
Thep gio thng dung e che tao dung cu cat nh hnh v du nh li khoan va doa, khong cho phep
dung lam cac manh li cat hay gia cong chat deo va kim loai nhe. Cac dung cu cat thep gio thng
c ma mot lp vat lieu cng nh titan-nitrc (TiN). Be mat nay rat cng, lp phu mau vang nay lam
tang o ben mai mon va cho phep nang cao toc o cat.
Hp kim cng
Hp kim cng la nhng vat lieu c thieu ket t cac chat lieu cng va cac phu gia dnh ket di dang
cac manh li cat. Trong hau het cac trng hp chat lieu cng la cacbit-vonfram, cacbit-titan hay
cacbit-tantal. Phu gia lien ket c s dung la co balt.
.c
Hp kim cng ve c ban cng hn thep gio. Chung co kha nang chong mai mon tot va chu c nhiet
o gia cong rat cao. Tuy nhien o chu dao ong nhiet va chu va ap ve c ban kem hn thep gio.
Ky hieu
Vat lieu
K
o
o ben mai mon cao

Toc o cat cao
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M10
M20
M30
M40
Thep
Thep ket cau
Gang
Kim loai mau
K01
K10
K20
K30
K40
Gang cng
Gang
Gang deo
Nha
Go
M
Vang
Thep
Thep uc
Gang deo
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P
Xanh
P01
P10
P20
P30
P40
P50
Nhom ng dung cat got

ng dung
Gia cong tinh,
chat lng be mat cao.
Gia cong tinh,
toc o cat cao.
Nhom cat
got chnh
c
n
Hp kim cng co the c phan loai theo cac nhom cat got chnh va theo cac nhom ng dung cat got.
Toc o cat trung bnh.

Tnh deo cao
Gia cong tho, cat gian Lng tien dao nhanh
oan
Gia cong tinh, toc o o ben mai mon cao
cat cao.
Toc o cat cao
Toc o cat trung bnh.
Gia cong tho, cat gian Tnh deo cao
oan.
Lng tien dao nhanh
Gia cong tinh.
o ben mai mon cao

Toc o cat cao
Gia cong tho, cat gian Tnh deo cao

oan
Lng tien dao nhanh
Hnh 103
Pham vi ng dung cua hp kim cng
Co the lam tang o ben mai mon cua hp kim cng bang cac lp ma tng ng. Nh cac lp ma titan nitrid, cacbit-titan va oxit-nhom c ma chan khong nhiet o 1000o C.
MTS GmbH 1997
91

Vat lieu gom
Vat lieu gom cng hn hp kim cng va cho phep nhiet o lam viec len en 1200 o C. Chung rat gion,
va nhay cam vi s dao ong cua lc cat. Vat lieu gom c che tao di dang manh li cat va c
kep tren can dao giong nh manh hp kim cng.
Vat lieu gom c s dung trong ieu kien cat on nh, khong can ti nguoi. Toc o cat cao hn hp
kim cng. Vat lieu gom c s dung ac biet thch hp e cat vat lieu kim loai v chung khong tao ra
hien tng leo dao. Khong thch hp e gia cong hp kim nhom.
Vat lieu gom co the c phan loai theo 3 nhom sau:
-
Vat lieu gom-oxit

Vat lieu gom-tong hp
Vat lieu gom-nitrid
Gom-oxit (Al 2O3 ) nguyen chat c goi la vat lieu gom oxit, chung khong dung kim loai lam tac nhan
lien ket. Vat lieu gom oxit ac biet ly tng e cat cac vat lieu kim loai v co kha nang chong mai mon
cao.
Gom-tong hp c cho them v du nh cacbit-titan vao Al2O3. Gom tong hp c dung e gia cong
tinh gang xam hoac thep cung nh dung e cat cac hp kim thep.
.c
Gom-nitrid c che tao tren c s silic-nitrid (Si3N4 ). Vat lieu cat khong cha oxit nay rat gion va nhay
cam t vi s dao ong nhiet o cat. Nhc iem la tnh mai mon cao khi cat thep. Gom-nitrid c ng
dung e gia cong gang xam.
c
n
Kim cng
Kim cng co o cng cao nhat so vi tat ca cac vat lieu cat khac. Chung ac biet nhay cam vi va
cham, tuy nhien khong tao ra hien tng leo dao trong qua trnh gia cong.
tr
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Kim cng c s dung e cat kim loai mau va hp kim cua chung cung nh dung e cat vat lieu
composit (GFK, CFK), hp kim cng va vat lieu gom.
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Kim cng khong c dung e gia cong thep. Bi v no b mai mon rat nhanh do nguyen t cacbon
cua kim cng b tach ra va nhap vao nguyen t sat (s mai mon ngc).

MTS GmbH 1997
92
Cac thong so hnh hoc cua dao cat

Tuy tng trng hp gia cong can co dang hnh hoc li cat tng ng. Ch nh vay mi co the at
c tuoi ben cua dao dai, thi gian gia cong toi u va ngan ong thi chat lng be mat cao. Cac goc
li cat cua dao co y ngha quyet cho ieu nay (xem hnh 104).
0
Goc sau
Goc sac
Goc trc
Goc mui dao

Goc nan
g
Goc nghieng chnh
.c
c
n
Hnh 104
Thong so hnh hoc dao tien
Goc sau lam giam ma sat va qua o lam giam nhiet chi tiet va li cat.
Goc sac :
o ln cua goc sac phu thuoc vao o cng va tnh deo cua chi tiet gia cong.
Goc sac cang nho th cat cang nhe, nhng s mai mon li cat cang ln va
tuoi ben cua li cat cang thap.
Goc trc :
Goc trc anh hng en s tao phoi va lc cat. Goc trc cang ln th lc
cat cang nho, tuy nhien li cat de b v va b mai mon nhanh. Cac vat lieu
ran va co o cng trung bnh thng s dung goc trc khoang 10o . Cac vat
lieu cng va gion oi hoi goc trc nho tham ch la goc am.
Goc nang :
Goc nghieng chnh anh hng trc tien en lc tien dao, lc kep chi tiet va
chi tiet cung nh chieu day va chieu rong cat. Thng chon goc nghieng
chnh t 30o en 60o khi tng quan lc kep on nh. Ch khi tien tru bac
vuong goc hay cat t chon goc lech chnh = 90o .
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Goc nghieng chnh :
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Goc sau :
Goc mui dao :
Thng chon goc nang am khi tien tho va goc nghieng dng khi tien tinh.
Khi goc trc am se giam s chu tai cua mui cat. Khi goc nang dng tang
kha nang be phoi cho chi tiet gia cong.
Goc mui dao cang ln th li cat cang cng vng va thoat nhiet tot hn.

MTS GmbH 1997
93
S mai mon va tuoi ben cua dao

Khi gia cong dung cu b mai mon. Nguyen nhan la khi gia cong ma sat hnh thanh, an mon ngc (an
mon hoa hoc) khi nhiet o cao cung nh tac ong tach phoi.
Thong qua nhiet o cao mui cat ma tren be mat cat co the b ong han mot mau nho kim loai, goi la
leo dao (Xem hnh 106).
Hnh 106
Leo dao
Hnh 105
Dao tien mi
c
n
.c
Trong qua trnh cat mot phan vat lieu lun luon b tach khoi dao tien. Do vay theo thi gian dang hnh
hoc li cat b thay oi. Tuy theo viec la chon goc li cat co the gap phai cac dang mai mon khac
nhau (Xem hnh 107-110).
Hnh 108
Mon mat trc
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Hnh 107
Mon mat sau
Hnh 109
Mon lom mat trc
Hnh 110
B tron au
Hien tng mon theo thi gian nay lam giam chat lng be mat gia cong va chieu sau cat chi tiet. Tuoi
ben cua dao at c chng nao ma chat lng be mat oi hoi hoac dung sai kch thc oi hoi khong
gi c na.
Tuoi ben la thi gian ma li cat con dung e cat got va ap ng c cac nhu cau oi hoi.
Tao c chat lng be mat mong muon

am bao dung sai theo yeu cau.
Khi at c tuoi ben th oi hoi thay hoac mai lai dung cu. Trng hp s dung manh li cat th co
the xoay hoac thay mi. Trc luc s dung mi th phai thc hien o lai dao.

MTS GmbH 1997
94
Cac thong so che o cat

Tien la mot phng phap gia cong cat got vi chuyen ong cat quay tron va chuyen ong tien dao,
chuyen ong tien dao nay co the nam bat k so vi hng cat. Trong hau het cac trng hp chuyen
ong cat c thc hien bi chuyen ong quay cua chi tiet gia cong va chuyen ong tien dao cua dung
cu cat (xem hnh 111).
Van toc cat vc va
Toc o tien dao vf
Phoi hp vi nhau va tao nen qua trnh gia cong lien tuc.
Van toc cat vc
Chuyen ong cat la chuyen ong gia dung cu cat va chi tiet gia cong, no ch tac ong tach phoi mot
lan trong mot vong quay ma khong co lng tien dao. Van toc cat c ky hieu la vc (m/phut).
s
t
(quang ng/thi gian)
v=
Thong thng toc o cho biet quang ng dch chuyen s trong khoang thi gian xac nh t. Tnh theo
cong thc sau:
s = *d
.c
Quang ng dch chuyen s cho mot vong quay cua chi tiet tien co the c tnh toan bi ng knh
chi tiet d va hang so :
c
n
(m)
*d
t
(m/phut)
vc =
n v thi gian dung e tnh van toc cat t = 1phut. Do vay van toc cat tnh theo cong thc sau:
(phut)
.l
a
1
t=n
tr
i
So vong quay cua chi tiet gia cong trong 1 phut c cho la so vong quay n (vong/phut), Thi gian t
cho mot vong quay la:
Suy ra ta co cong thc dung e tnh van toc cat nh sau:

m/phut
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vc = * d * n
So vong quay
(vong/phut)
vf Toc o chay dao
(mm/ )
vc Van toc cat
m/phut
vc = * d * n
Hnh 111
Thong so cat trong tien
MTS GmbH 1997
95

Toc o chay dao v f (Lng chay dao)
Lng chay dao cung vi van toc cat tao ieu kien tach phoi lien tuc trong nhieu vong quay. Toc o
chay dao c ky hieu la vf (mm/phut).
Thong thng s dung lng chay dao f (mm/vong). Lng chay dao vong f la quang ng dch
chuyen cua dao tien trong mot vong quay. Ta co cong thc tnh lng chay dao nh sau:
vf = n *f
mm/phut
Tuy tng cong viec tien ma oi hoi mot lng chay dao thch hp. No xac nh thi gian gia cong cho
hanh trnh dch chuyen trong moi tng quan vi so vong quay n. o ln cua no anh hng quyet nh
en lc cat toi u va chat lng be mat c tien.
Dien tch lp cat
Tiet dien lp cat A mo ta tiet dien cua vat lieu c cat trong mot lp cat (xem hnh 112). Kch thc
cua no anh hng quyet nh ti lc cat c hnh thanh.
A = a *f
Neu khong quan tam en ban knh li cat, dien tch lp cat A c xac nh t chieu sau cat a va
lng tien dao f. Chieu sau cat a, co ngha la chieu sau cua li cat tham gia cat. Dien tch lp cat A co
n v la mm2.
.c
mm2
a
b = sin
mm
c
n
mm
a
f
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h = f * sin
S dung goc nghieng chnh ta co the tnh toan c be rong b va chieu day h cua lp cat.
Chieu sau cat

Lng tien dao vong
Goc nghieng chnh
b
h
Chieu rong cat

Cheu day cat
Hnh 112
Cac thong so cat
Cac thong so che o cat sau phai c la chon tuy theo tng ng dung cu the va c ieu chnh tren
may tien.
Toc o cat vc
Lng chay dao f
Chieu sau cat a
Viec la chon nay oi hoi phai co kinh nghiem. Bi the co the c ho tr bi cac bang tra cu che o
cat, no cho biet cac gia tr cat tuy thuoc vao vat lieu gia cong va vat lieu li cat.
MTS GmbH 1997
96
V du tnh toan cac thong so che o cat cho gia cong CNC
Toc o cat vc
vc = * d * n
m/phut.
V du 1:
Tnh toc o cat khi tien trn neu ng knh chi tiet d = 60 mm va so vong quay n = 1500 1/phut.
Gia thyet:
d = 60 mm
n = 1500 1/phut
m/phut
Ta co:
vc = * d * n
m
phut
v c = 283
c
n
Ket qua:
.c
vc = * 0,06 m 1500 1phut
vc
Tnh:
Gia thuyet:
tr
i
V du 2:
Tnh so vong quay n, neu vi cung chi tiet tren nhng ng knh gia cong nho nhat d = 12 mm va van
toc cat va tnh c v du tren.
vc = 283 m/phut
Tnh:
n 1/phut
v c = *d * n ,
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Ta co:
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a
d = 12 mm
Ket qua:
hay
v
n = *cd
n=
283m
* phut * 0,012m
n = 7511 1
phut

MTS GmbH 1997
97
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap mot dao tien li cat trai
Mo ta
Nhap
1. M menu chnh tien-CNC.
F1
F3
(Setup mode)
F4
(Tool, Datum)
F2
(Turret display)
F2
(Management)
h
F1
hoac
, va bam
(Create tool) chap nhan
w
w
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a
tr
i
5. Chon loai dao V du: Dao tien ngoai li cat

trai.
c
n
.c
(TOPTURN)

MTS GmbH 1997
98

6. Chon d lieu a co san
V du: CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1208 VDI30.
F7
(Default Data)
hoac chon
, tng ng vi
F1
(Display tool), vi
F1
(List tools) chon tiep vi

(Generate default) Chap nhan s la chon
.c
F8
Ghi ten mi va cac d lieu cho dung cu mi
7. Nhap cac d lieu quan trong cho dao tien

can thiet lap.
c
n
Chon cac o e nhap vi phm TAB
8. Chom menu o ga dao.
(Select mounting)
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
F3
9. Chon o ga dung cu
V du: BT - 30 - 70 - 40 - 20 - EX.
hoac chon
, tng ng vi
F1
(Display mounting), vi
F1
(List mountings) chon tiep vi
F8

MTS GmbH 1997
(Selection) Chap nhan s la chon
99
10. Con co the xem cac thong tin cu the ve dao

tien.
F2
(Help graphic)
c
n
.c
1) Manh li cat:
F2
(Help graphic)
F2
(Help graphic)
w
w
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a
tr
i
11. 2) Can dao tien:
12. 3) O ga dao tien:

MTS GmbH 1997
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
(Create tool)
14. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap dung cu.
F8
.c
13. Thiet lap dung cu.
c
n
Thay oi dao tien
(Modify tool).
F2
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
Trong bc nam phai bam
Cac bc cong viec e thay oi mot dao a hien hu tng t nh thiet lap mot dao tien mi nhng ch
can thc hien ti bc th nam.

MTS GmbH 1997
3.3 Cau truc va cac thanh phan dao phay gia cong CNC
Phay va phng phap phay
Phay la phng phap gia cong tach phoi vi li cat co dang hnh hoc xac nh, trong o dung cu cat
thc hien chuyen ong chnh quay tron va lng tien dao cung nh chuyen ong at chieu sau cat
c thc hien thong thng bi chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh 113).
1
Chuyen ong quay cua dao phay
Chuyen ong bc tien cua chi tiet
.c
c
n
Hnh 113
Phay
Gia cong phay c phan loai theo v tr cua truc dao phay oi vi chi tiet gia cong, co ngha la co 2
dang: phay mat au va phay mat tru.
tr
i
Trng hp phay mat au truc dao phay c at thang goc vi be mat gia cong (xem hnh 114). Be
mat chi tiet c tao ra bi cac li cat chnh. Cac li cat phu thc hien lam bong them be mat chi tiet
gia cong.
w
w
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a
Trng hp phay mat tru truc dao phay c at song song vi be mat gia cong (xem hnh 115). Dao
phay gia cong be mat chi tiet bang cac li cat chnh (li cat thuoc mat tru). Ngoai ra phng phap
phay nay con c phan biet gia phay thuan va phay nghch.
Hnh 114
Phay mat au

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 115
Phay mat tru

Phan biet gia phay thuan va phay nghch c bieu dien (hnh 116 va 117).
Trng hp phay nghch chieu quay cua dao phay ngc vi chieu tien cua chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh
116).
Lat cat cua dao phay bat au vi chieu day phoi bang khong. Li cat dao phay trt trc khi vao cat
phoi cho ti khi at c chieu day nho nhat cho s hnh thanh phoi.
Hien tng mai mon nhanh mat sau li cat va bien cng be mat chi tiet gia cong dien ra bi ma sat
hnh thanh khi trt. ay la nguyen nhan chnh lam giam tuoi ben cua li cat so vi phay thuan.
Phay nghch thuan li cho gia cong chi tiet vi be mat cng (Chi tiet gang), bi v be mat cng c cat
t pha trong ra.
oi vi phay thuan chieu quay cua dao phay cung chieu vi bc tien cua chi tiet gia cong (xem hnh
117).
Rang dao phay vao cat chi tiet ngay t chieu day phoi ln nhat nen gay ra va ap.
c
n
.c
Khi phay thuan, be mat chi tiet gia cong phang hn va bong hn. Ngc lai vi phay nghch neu cung
tuoi ben cua li cat th toc o cat va toc o tien dao cua phay thuan cao hn.
.l
a
Bc tien cua chi tiet
tr
i
Hnh 117
Phay thuan
w
w
Hnh 116
Phay nghch
Bc tien cua chi tiet
Trong tat ca cac phng phap phay li dao luon luon cat gian oan. Do ieu kien quang ng cat
nen hnh thanh phoi co dang dau phay vi chieu day thay oi (xem hnh 118).
Phoi c hnh thanh
Hnh 118
Phoi phay
MTS GmbH 1997
Cac dang dao phay va ky hieu ISO tng ng
c
n
.c
Theo vat lieu gia cong

Loai dao N (dung e gia cong thep thng)
Loai dao H (dung e gia cong vat lieu mem va cat co phoi dai)
Loai dao W (dung e gia cong vat lieu co phoi vun va cng)
Theo vat lieu li cat
Li cat thep gio
Li cat hp kim cng
Li cat vat lieu gom
Li cat kim cng
Theo dang can ga
Dao phay tru mat au
Dao phay ngon
Theo hnh dang dao phay
Dao phay ranh T
Dao phay tru
Dao phay a
- Dao phay nh hnh
Theo dang rang dao phay
Dao phay rang nhon
Dao phay ht lng
Dao phay co the phan loai theo cac tieu chuan sau:
Chi tiet ve dao phay c mo ta trong cac bang liet ke cua nha san xuat va trong cac tieu chuan tng
ng (DIN hoac ISO).
Dao phay tru
Dang tieu chuan
tr
i
Dao phay ngon
La chon dao theo bang ch dan di ay (Xem hnh 119)
.l
a
Dao phay mat au
Li khoan nh tam
Dang ac biet
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w
Li khoan
Li khoan
Li taro ren
Li khoan hp kim
Li doa
Khoan bac
Dao phay au tron
Phay goc (dang A)
Dao phay cung loi
Phay ranh T
Phay goc (dang B)
Phay a
Hnh 119
Phan loai dao phay
Tat ca cac dao phay nay cung vi d lieu c cho trong mo phong CNC cua hang MTS. Cac dung cu
cat trong gia cong phay co the c thay oi hoac m rong e at c cac yeu cau cua ngi s
dung.

MTS GmbH 1997
Vat lieu li cat

Trong phay cac li cat tham gia cat got khong lien tuc. Ngc lai vi tien, qua trnh cat gian oan vi
tiet dien phoi khong eu. Do vay li cat phai chu tai trong cham ap. Vat lieu li cat phai co tnh deo
ln va o ben nhiet cao.
Ngay nay hau het cac dao phay s dung manh li cat t hp kim cng. Manh hp kim cng c han;
cac dung cu cat bang thep gio c ma hoac c che tao t thep gio ch dung cho cac dao phay nho.
Thep gio (HSS)
Thep gio la thep hp kim dung cu. Do o co tnh deo cao va co kha nang chu tai trong va ap. Toc o
cat nho hn so vi hp kim cng hay vat lieu gom.
Thep gio c dung e lam mui khoan, dao phay nho va dung cu cat co hnh dang phc tap (Dao phay
Profil). Dung cu cat c lam t thep gio c dung e gia cong nhng vat lieu co o ben thap, khi
phay va phay profil vi toc o cat nho.
Hp kim cng
c
n
Manh hp kim cng co the c han hay bat vt vao dao phay.
.c
Hp kim cng la vat lieu c che tao bang phng phap thieu ket cac vat lieu cng vi chat ket dnh
di dang manh li cat. e tang tnh deo cua hp kim cng khi che tao ngi ta tang thanh phan chat
ket dnh. Trong moi lien ket o cng cao va o ben mai mon cao no m rong pham vi ng dung khi
phay. Co the tang o chong mai mon cua hp kim cng bang cach ma titan-nitrid, titan-cacbit hoac
nhom oxit.
Vat lieu gom
tr
i
Vat lieu gom t c s dung trong gia cong phay v o gion va nhay cam vi lc cat thay oi bat
thng. Tuy nhien, v o cng cua nhom oxit cao nen dung e gia cong tinh gang cng va thep a toi
cung nh dung silic-nitrid e phay gang xam. Ca hai vat lieu li cat nay khi gia cong khong can phai
ti nguoi.
Tng t nh hp kim cng, vat lieu gom c che tao di dang nhng manh li cat.
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Kim cng
w
w
Manh li cat kim cng nhan tao c dung e gia cong kim loai mau va vat lieu tong hp
(composite). o cng ac biet cua kim cng co the gia cong vi toc o cat cao gap 2 lan va tuoi ben
cua li cat cao gap 10 lan so vi hp kim cng.
Kim cng khong thch hp e gia cong thep. Bi v kim cng se b mon rat nhanh do nguyen t
cacbon cua kim cng b xam nhap vao nguyen t sat (s mai mon ngc).

MTS GmbH 1997
Cac thong so hnh hoc cua li cat
fz
d:
ng knh dao phay
z:
So rang dao phay
f z:
Lng tien dao rang
ae:
Chieu sau cat
S:
Goc tiep xuc
.c
0:
c
n
ae
Khong nh dao tien, dao phay co nhieu li cat (Xem hnh 120). Tnh chat ac thu cua dao phay la gia
cong khong lien tuc v moi li cat ch tham gia cat mot oan.
0:
Goc sac
0:
Goc trc
S:
Goc nang
ap:
Chieu rong cat
w
w
.l
aap
p
tr
in
Goc sau
Hnh 120
Thong so hnh hoc dao phay
Goc sau :
Goc sau lam giam ma sat do vay lam giam nhiet o cat gia li cat va chi tiet.
Goc sac :
o ln cua goc sac phu thuoc vao o cng va o ben cua chi tiet gia cong. Goc sac
cang nho th cat cang nhe, nhng o mai mon li cat cang ln va tuoi ben cua li cat
cang thap.
Goc trc :
Goc trc anh hng en qua trnh tao phoi va lc cat. Goc trc cang ln th lc cat
cang nho, tuy nhien li cat se thng b me cung nh b mai mon nhanh.
Goc tiep xuc S : Goc tiep xuc ch ra hanh trnh gia cong cua dung cu cat lien quan en chu vi. Goc
tiep xuc phu thuoc vao chieu sau cat.
Goc nang :
o ln cua goc nang anh hng en qua trnh vao cat va thoat. V cac li cat thch hp
se i vao cat t t, nang cao tnh em du cat cua dung cu.

MTS GmbH 1997

Sap at cua goc nghieng chnh (xem hnh 121) rat quan trong trong gia cong phay. Goc nghieng
chnh la goc gia li cat chnh va be mat gia cong.
Goc nghieng chnh
Hnh 121
Goc nghieng chnh cua dao phay
Neu goc nghieng chnh = 900, sinh ra lc hng knh ln nhat. Do o viec la chon nay ch e gia
cong nhng bien dang co goc vuong. Goc nghieng chnh bang 750 hay 600 la thch hp nhat cho cac
cong viec phay thong thng. Goc nghieng chnh la 45 0 thch hp oi vi vat lieu cho phoi day.
Goc cat hng knh (ng thang chuan thong qua ng tam dao phay)
Goc cat hng truc (ng thang chuan song song vi truc dao phay)
.c
Khi s dung cac manh li cat hp kim cng can chu y 2 goc cat. Nhng goc nay co the c o bang
cach s dung cac ng thang chuan.
c
n
Trong trng hp phay mat phang vi mot dao phay mat au rang chap thng s dung s phoi hp
nh sau (xem hnh 122):
Ca hai goc dng
Ca hai goc am
Mot goc am va mot goc dng
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Ca hai goc dng
tr
i
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1
Ca hai goc am
Goc cat hng knh
Mot goc am, mot goc dng

Goc cat hng truc
Hnh 122
Thong so hnh hoc li cat dao phay rang chap
Trong trng hp ca hai goc dng ch can cong suat nho bi v lc cat nho. Thch hp cho gia cong
nhng chi tiet co thanh mong. Phoi dang xoan de dang thoat ra khoi dung cu. Cac vat lieu co khuynh
hng leo dao, v du nh nhom rat thch hp vi dang hnh hoc nay.
Ca hai goc am c dung e gia cong thep cng va gang xam cung nh dung e gia cong tho. Lc cat
c hnh thanh cao, do o can co cong suat truyen ong ln va s on nh cua may cao. Dang hnh
hoc nay tao ra hien tng cuon phoi trong dung cu cat. ieu nay co the gay ra hien tng ket phoi khi
gia cong nhng vat lieu cho phoi dang day.
Vi mot goc dng va mot goc am cho phep lng tien dao cao va chieu sau cat ln, v goc cat hng
knh am gop phan lam tang o ben va ap cua manh li cat, goc hng truc dng ly tng cho viec
thoat phoi. Dung cu cat vi mot goc dng va mot goc am c ng dung trong nhieu trng hp khac
nhau.
MTS GmbH 1997
Cac thong so che o cat

Phay la phng phap gia cong co phoi vi dung cu cat quay tron, cac li cat cat khong lien tuc. Chieu
tien dao co the nam bat k so vi hng cat. Chung c thc hien bi dung cu cat hoac chi tiet gia
cong hoac ca hai (xem hnh 123).
Van toc cat vc va
Toc o tien dao vf
long vao nhau va dan ti qua trnh cat lien tuc.
Van toc cat vc
Chuyen ong cat la chuyen ong gia dung cu cat va chi tiet gia cong, chung tac ong tach phoi ch
mot lan trong mot vong quay ma khong co chuyen ong bc tien. Van toc cat tng ng vi van toc
vong cua dao phay tren li cat hien hanh. Van toc cat c ky hieu la vc (m/phut) va c tnh toan
tren c s so vong quay n nh sau:
vc = * d * n
m/phut
n
vf
vc
Van toc cat
ng knh cua dung cu cat
vf
vc
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Hnh 123
Thong so gia tr cat trong phay
tr
i
vc
Toc o tien dao vf
Lng tien dao
c
n
vc
So vong quay
vc
vc
.c
o ln cua van toc cat ch phu thuoc phu thuoc vao so vong quay cua truc chnh. Tuy nhien hng cat
thay oi lien tuc trong suot qua trnh gia cong (xem hnh 123).
Toc o tien dao vf

Lng tien dao rang fz
Lng tien dao vong f
w
w
Chuyen ong tien dao cung vi chuyen ong cat tao ra hien tng tach phoi lien tuc trong nhieu vong
quay. Trong phay lng tien dao co the cho theo 3 dang:
mm/phut
mm
mm
Tnh toan toc o tie n dao vf da tren lng tien dao rang fz, co ngha la hanh trnh tien dao tren tng
rang dao phay. Xet theo so vong quay n va so rang z ta co cong thc sau:
v f = fz * n * z
mm/phut
Cong thc tnh toc o tien dao vf khi tnh theo lng tien dao vong f:
vf = f * n
mm/phut
Do o ta co cong thc tnh toc o tien dao nh sau:
v f = f * n = fz * n * z
mm/phut

MTS GmbH 1997

Cac thong so cat
Khong nh trong tien, phoi cat trong phay co dang khong eu (xem hnh 124). Do vay chieu day cat
trung bnh hm c s dung e mo ta.
Lp phoi c hnh thanh
fz
fz:
hm:
Lng tien dao rang

Chieu day cat trung bnh
hm
Hnh 124
Chieu day cat
.c
Khi phay mat tru, chieu rong cat ap la chieu rong phan li cat tham gia cat vao chi tiet. Chieu sau lat
ca t ae c o tren mot mat phang tng tng cua be mat gia cong. Hng cat va hng tien dao
c at tren be mat gia cong (xem hnh 125).
ae
ae
.l
a
ap
tr
i
c
n
w
w
ap
ap: Chieu rong cat

ae: Chieu sau cat
Be mat gia cong

ap: Chieu sau cat
ae: Chieu rong cat
Hnh 125
Cac tham so trong gia cong phay
Trong phay mat au, ap la chieu sau cat c o thang goc vi be mat gia cong. Chieu rong cat ae
c xac nh bang chieu rong cua be mat c phay.
Cac thong so che o cat sau phai c la chon khac nhau tuy thuoc vao tng ng dung cu the va
c ieu chnh tren may phay.
So vong quay n
Lng tien dao f
Chieu sau cat hoac chieu rong cat ap
va chieu rong cat hoac chieu sau cat ae
ieu nay oi hoi nhieu kinh nghiem. Bi the co the c ho tr bi cac bang tra cu che o cat, no
cho biet cac gia tr cat tuy thuoc vao vat lieu gia cong va vat lieu li cat.
MTS GmbH 1997
V du e tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong CNC
Van toc cat vc
vc = * d * n
m/phut
Lng tien dao vf
v f = f * n = fz * n * z
mm/phut
V du 1:
Tnh van toc cat vc neu ng knh dao phay d = 50 mm va so vong quay n = 520 V/phut.
Gia thuyet:
d = 50 mm
n = 520 1/phut
m/phut
Ta co:
v c = *d *n
vc
m
phut
v c 82
tr
i
Ket qua:
c
n
v c = * 0 ,05 m 520 1 phut
.c
Tnh:
V du 2:
d = 12 mm
w
w
Gia thuyet:
.l
a
Tnh so vong quay n cua dao phay ngon vi ng knh dao d = 12 mm va van toc cat vc = 120
m/phut.
vc = 120 m/phut
Tnh:
Ta co:
Ket qua:
n 1/phut
v c = * d * n , hay
n=
vc
*d
n =
120 m
* phut * 0 , 012 m
n = 3183 1
phut

MTS GmbH 1997

V du 3:
Khi phay mat phang vi mot dao phay tru mat au co van toc cat vc = 180 m/phut, so vong quay
n khong vt qua 400 1/phut. Tnh ng knh ln nhat cua dao phay sao cho khong vt qua
cac gia tr tren?
Gia thuyet:
n = 400 1/phut
vc = 180 m/phut
Tnh:
d mm
Ta co:
v c = *d * n
, hay
o
c
d = 143mm
w
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a
tr
i
c
n
Ket qua:
180000 mm * phut
* phut * 400
.c
d=
v
d = *cn

MTS GmbH 1997
Luyen tap CNC

Thiet lap mot dao phay ngon
Mo ta
Nhap
F2
(TOPMILL)
F3
(Setup mode)
F4
(Tool, Datum)
F2
(Turret display)
F2
(Management)

5. Chon loai dao V du: Dao phay ngon.
(Create tool) chap nhan
F7
(Default data)
w
w
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a
6. Chon d lieu co san
tr
i
c
n
.c
F1
, va bam
hoac
1. M menu chnh Phay-CNC.
7. Chon d lieu co san, V du: ME-16.0/032K
hoac chon
, cu the vi
F1
(Display tool), vi
F1
(List tools) chon tiep vi
F8

MTS GmbH 1997
(Create default) chap nhan la chon
8. Chon can ga
(Select mounting)
tr
i
hoac chon
F1
F1
, cu the vi
(Display mountings), vi
(List mountings) chon tiep vi
(Selection) chap nhan
F8
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9. Chon can ga, V du: SK40-MK2
c
n
.c
F3
10. Goi ho tr bang o hoa
F2

MTS GmbH 1997
(Help grafic)
11.
Nhap ten va d lieu dung cu vi cac phm

cua ban phm
F8
(Quit)
F8
(Quit)
c
n
13. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap dung cu.
(Create tool)
.c
F8
12. Thiet lap dung cu.
Chon cac vung nhap vi phm TAB
F8
(Quit)
(Quit)
tr
i
F8
Thay oi dao tien
.l
a
Cac bc cong viec e thay oi mot dao a hien hu tng t nh thiet lap mot dao tien mi nhng ch
can thc hien ti bc th nam.
F2
(Change tool).
w
w
Trong bc nam phai bam

MTS GmbH 1997
3.4
Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong CNC
V du tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe cho gia cong tien CNC
25
45
Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh

ve ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong
4 lat cat co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va
5mm va lng d cho phep e gia cong tinh la
0,5mm.
70
V du 1:
Van toc cat khi tien tho la vcv = 280 m/phut va

khi tien tinh la vcf = 400m/phut.
Tnh so vong quay n cua moi lat cat?
20
50
.c
60
vcv = 280 m/phut
c
n
Gia thuyet:
Tnh so vong quay e tien tho (lat cat 1-4) va tien tinh (lat cat 5-6).
vcf = 400 m/ phut

n=?
Ta co:
vc
*d
tr
i
n=
1/ phut
Tnh:
Lat cat 1.
= 58mm
vcv = 280 m/phut
280m
* phut * 0,058m
n1 = 1537 1phut
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a
n1 =
Lat cat 3.
= 36mm
n3 =
vcv = 280 m/phut
280m
* phut * 0,036m
n3 = 2476 1
phut
Lat cat 5.
= 25 mm
vcf = 400 m/phut
400m
n5 =
* phut * 0,025m
n5 = 5393 1phut

MTS GmbH 1997
Lat cat 2.
= 46mm
vcv = 280 m/phut
280m
* phut * 0,046m
n2 = 1938 1phut
n2 =
Lat cat 4.
= 26mm
n4 =
vcv = 280 m/phut
280m
* phut * 0,026m
n4 = 3428 1phut
Lat cat 6.
= 45 mm
vcf = 400 m/phut
400m
n6 =
* phut * 0,045m
n6 = 2830 1phut
25
45
Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh ve

ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong 4 lat cat
co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va 5mm, lng
tien dao fv = 0,2mm va lng d cho phep e gia
cong tinh la 0,5mm.
70
V du 2:
V l do chieu cao nhap nho c xac nh khac

nhau, ng knh = 45 se c tien tinh vi
lng tien dao f f1 = 0.07mm va cac be mat con lai
c cat got vi lng tien dao ff2 = 0,12mm.
20
Chieu dai dung e tien va rut dao trong moi chuyen

ong cat got se c lap trnh la 2mm.
50
Tnh thi gian gia cong e tien tho thuv va tien tinh
t huf va thi gian gia cong tong cong thug ?
L *i
th = n * f
c
n
phut
Thi gian gia cong trong tien c tnh theo cong thc sau:
.c
Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh e tien tho thuv va tien tinh thuf
60
Trong o:
L chieu dai chay dao
i so lan cat
n so vong quay
f lng tien dao vong
tr
i
Chieu dai chay dao L c tnh t hanh trnh li cat tham gia cat (Chieu dai I = chuyen ong tien
dao theo chieu Z va X) va cac hanh trnh tien va rut dao trong qua trnh gia cong (I a hoac Iu).
Chieu dai chay dao tong cong cua moi chuyen ong cat:
L = l + la + lu = 50mm + 6mm + 2mm + 2mm = 60mm
Lat cat 2:
Lat cat 3:
Lat cat 4:
Lat cat 5:
Lat cat 6:
w
w
.l
a
Lat cat 1:
Gia thuyet:
L = Hanh trnh tien dao

i =1
Tnh:
th phut
Ta co:
L *i
th = n * f

MTS GmbH 1997

Tnh thi gian gia cong tien tho thuv
Lat cat 1.
L=60mm
Lat cat 2.
fv=0.2 mm
n=1537 1/phut
L=66mm
fv =0.2 mm
n=1938 1/phut
L *i
th = n * f
60mm * 1phut
th =
1537 * 0,2mm
L *i
th = n * f
66mm * 1phut
th =
1938 * 0,2mm
t h = 0,195 phut
t h = 0,172phut
Lat cat 3.
L=29mm
Lat cat 4.
fv=0.2 mm
n=2476 1/phut
L=34mm
fv=0.2 mm
n=3428 1/phut
L *i
th = n * f
34mm * 1phut
th =
3428* 0,2mm
t h = 0,059phut
t h = 0,050phut
.c
L *i
th = n * f
29mm * 1phut
th =
2476* 0,2mm
c
n
t huv = 0,195phut + 0,172phut + 0,059phut + 0,050 phut
t huv = 0,476phut
L *i
th = n * f
25mm * 1phut
5393* 0,12mm
w
w
th =
n=5393 1/phut
f v=0.12mm
.l
a
L=25mm
tr
i
Lat cat 5.
Tnh thi gian gia cong tien tinh thuf
L=46mm
fv=0.07mm
n=2830 1/phut
L *i
th = n * f
th =
46mm * 1phut
2830 * 0,07mm
t h = 0,232phut
t h = 0,039phut
Lat cat 6.
t huf = 0,039phut + 0,232phut

t huf = 0,271phut
Tnh thi gian gia cong tong cong thug
t hug = t huv + t huf

t hug = 0,476phut + 0,271phut
t hug = 0,747phut

MTS GmbH 1997

V du 3:
Tren may tien CNC, mot truc bac (xem hnh ve ben) c tien tho cung nh tien tinh trong 4 lat
cat co chieu sau cat lan lt la 6; 6; 5 va 5mm va lng tien dao fv = 0,2mm.
45
70
Toc o cat e tien tho la vcv = 280m/phut va

tien tinh la vcf = 400m/phut. Ban knh li cat
cua dao tien tho la rv = 0,8mm va dao tien
tinh la rf = 0,4mm.
25
Bi v chieu cao nhap nho khac nhau ng

knh = 25 se c tien tinh vi lng tien
dao f f1 = 0.07mm va tat ca be mat con lai
c tien vi lng tien dao ff2 = 0,12mm.
Tnh chieu cao nhap nho cho phep?
20
50
.c
60
Tnh toan chieu sau nham at c
f2
Rt = 8 * r
n
tr
i
Trong o:
f lng tien dao vong
r ban knh li cat
mm
c
n
Chieu cao nhap nho trong tien c tnh theo cong thc sau:
f = 0.07 mm
r = 0.4 mm
Gia thuyet:
f = 0.12 mm
r = 0.8 mm
Rt
Tnh:
Rt mm
.l
a
Gia thuyet:
w
w
Tnh:
Rt1.6
cho be mat 2. Tnh chieu cao nhap nho

mat khac.
1. Tnh chieu cao nhap nho

45.
mm
Rt1.6
Rt1.6
Rt1.6
Rt1.6
f 2 mm2
= mm
8 r 1 mm
2
0. 07
=
8 0. 4
0. 0049
=
3. 2
=
= 0,00153 mm
Rt 6.3 =
f2
8r
Rt 6.3 = 0.12
Rt6 .3
cho cac be
mm 2
= mm
1 mm
8 0.8
Rt 6.3 =
0. 0144
8 0.8
Rt 6.3 =
0. 0144
6.4
mm
Rt6.3 = 0,00225mm
MTS GmbH 1997
Tnh toan lc cat va cong suat ong c

Cac kien thc ve moi tng quan can ban ve lc cat gap phai cung nh ve cong suat cat va cong suat
danh ngha va cong hieu dung cua cac ong c truyen ong rat hu dung cho cac cong nhan van hanh
may cong cu CNC.
Phan ln cac ai lng anh hng ti lc cat la: Chung khong c tnh toan mot cach chnh xac vi
cac cong thc. Mot vai ai lng anh hng nay ch co the xac nh bi cac thc nghiem. Tuy theo vat
lieu gia cong ma lc cat sinh ra khac nhau, tuy thuoc vao o cng hay mem cua vat lieu hoac no cho
phoi day hay phoi vun. Them vao o la dung cu cat, vat lieu li cat va tnh chat cua no. Cung rat quan
trong o la cac thong so cong nghe c lap trnh v du: lng tien dao, so vong quay, van toc cat,
chieu day cat, tiet dien phoi, dang hnh hoc li cat, ac biet la goc trc va goc nghieng; nhng ai
lng nay rat co y ngha oi vi lc cat. Tuy nhien o mai mom cua li cat cung co s anh hng cua
no.
V du:
.c
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Can tnh toan cac thong so sau:

1. Lc cat Fcv,
2. Cong suat cat Pcv va
3. Cong suat can thiet cua ong c truyen ong Pab.
Van toc cat vcv = 200m/ph va vcf = 300m/ph.

Lng d sau khi tien tho can e lai 0.5mm.
He so hieu dung cua ong c truyen ong chnh la = 0.8.
Dung dao tien ngoai li cat trai vi manh hp kim (0 = 900 r = 900).
Lng tien dao f v = 0.2mm, f f = 0.1mm,
Mot co truc ng knh = 60, vat lieu C45 c tien tho 1 lp sau o tien tinh.
Gia thiet:
Chieu dai tien:
l = 50 mm
Chieu sau cat:
ap = 4.5 mm
Lng tien dao:

Van toc cat:
Goc nghieng:
He so hieu dung:
fv
= 0.20 mm
vcv=200m/min
r=90
=0,8

MTS GmbH 1997
1. Lc cat FC
Tnh lc cat FC theo cong thc:
lc cat = Tiet dien phoi * Lc cat rieng
Fc = b h kc = a p f v k c , ( r=900)
a
Neu r nho hn 90 , tnh toan b bi
ap
sin
h bi h =
k
kc = cm11
h
f sin r
N ,
mm2
va
b=
.c
Trong o kcl-1 la tr so kc ieu kien lien quan ti thc

nghiem va mc la so mu cua chieu day phoi; kcl-1 va mc co
the rut ra t bang sau.
Lc cat rieng kc (N/mm2) chieu day phoi h (mm)
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Vat lieu
Tuy nhien cong thc tren khong the dung e tnh toan lc cat. Phai can chu y ti chuoi cac he so hieu
chnh. Do vay cong thc thc nghiem co the s dung nh sau:
Fc = a p f v kc K K v K sch K ver
o
[N ]
Cac gia tr hieu chnh trong cong thc co y ngha:

K0 la he so thay oi goc trc. No c tnh toan t
K = 1
o
khi thc nghiem.
o ok
66. 7
, 0 la goc trc hien hu va goc trc ok a c dung cho gia tr kc trong

MTS GmbH 1997

Kv la he so thay oi van toc cat. Cac gia tr trong bang ch co gia tr cho pham vi vc=90...125 m/ph. No
c rut ra t bieu o Kv-vc sau ay.
BIEU O Kv Vc:
Tr so Kv thch hp cho
va
.c
Kv
v c m/ph
c
n
V du:
ph
Ksch la he so thay oi vat lieu li cat t hp kim cng ti vat lieu gom, he so bang 1 cho hp kim cng
va 0.9....0.95 cho vat lieu gom.
tr
i
Kver la he so mai mom cua li cat. No phai c tnh, v gia tr kc- c rut ra t trong bang ch thch
hp cho dung cu hien hu. Bi the no c tnh toan theo gia tr Kver bang 1.3...1.5.
Giai:
Gia tr hieu chnh Ksch xac nh t ieu kien trong bang va co the lay bang 1. aP va
fv
a cho. Tat ca
w
w
kc11 N
h m mm2
2220
kc =
.
0.2 014
N
kc = 2781
mm2
kc =
.l
a
cac gia tr khac ch c xac nh theo:
o ok
667
.
10 6
K == 1
66.7
K = 0,94
K = 1
o
Cac gia tr c cho nh nhng gia tr hieu chnh

Kver = 1,3 va c lay t trong bang
Kv = 0,96. Do vay lc cat tnh c:
Fc = a p f k c K Kv KschKver
Fcv = 4 .5 mm 0 .2 mm 2781 N / mm 2 0. 96 0. 94 1 1.3
Fcv = 2936 N
0

MTS GmbH 1997
2. Cong suat cat PC

Viec tnh toan cong suat cat PC dien ra theo phng trnh sau:
m 1 ph
min Nm
, The cac gia tr cua bai tap ta co

Pc = Fc vc N
=
60 s
min
ph 60 s
m
Pcv = 2936 N 200
min
ph
Nm
Pcv = 9786 , 7
, v 1Nm/s = 1W (Watt), va 9786,7 Nm/s = 9,787 KW
s
Pcv = 9. 787 KW
3. Cong suat cua ong c truyen ong Pab
Viec tnh toan Cong suat cua ong c truyen ong Pab dien ra cong suat cat a biet theo cong thc
sau:
Pcv KW
= KW
9787
.
Pab =
0.8
Pab = 12.23 KW
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Pab =

MTS GmbH 1997
V du tnh toan cac thong so che o cat cho gia cong phay CNC
Tnh toc o tien dao vf
Khi phay thng s dung toc o tien dao vf (mm/phut). Tuy nhien lng tien dao rang fz cung co y
ngha, v cong nhan trc tien phai biet li cat co the chu ng c lng tien dao la bao nhieu.
Lng tien dao nay phai c phan biet vi lng tien dao at c trong mot vong quay dao phay.
Toc o tien dao vf
Lng tien dao rang fz
Lng tien dao vong f
mm/phut
mm
mm
mm/phut
vf = f *n
mm/phut
mm/phut
V du 1:
.c
v f = f * n = fz * n * z
v f = fz * n * z
Cac cong thc sau dung e tnh toc o tien dao:
vc = 160 m/phut
tr
i
Gia thuyet:
c
n
Mot chi tiet gia cong vi vat lieu la C15 c phay trong mot lat cat vi dao phay tru mat au gan
manh hp kim. Chieu sau cat la 10mm, van toc cat vc =160 m/phut va lng tien dao rang fz =
0,18mm. Dao phay tru mat au co 4 li cat ng knh dao = 63mm.
Tnh toc o tien dao vf?
d = 63 mm
.l
a
z =4
f z = 0,18 mm
vf
mm/phut
Ta co:
v f = fz * n * z
(1)
vc = * d * n
hay
w
w
Tnh:
v
n = *cd
, thay vao (1)
v
v f = *cd * fz * z
vf =
Ket qua:
160000mm
* 0,18mm * 4
* phut * 63mm
v f = 582mm / phut

MTS GmbH 1997

V du 2:
Tnh toc o tien dao vf
Ranh cua chi tiet nh hnh ve c phay trong mot lat cat tren may phay ng CNC vi dao phay ngon
2 li cat ng knh =12mm, so vong quay n = 1800 1/phut va lng tien dao rang fz = 0,12mm.
Tnh toc o tien dao vf?
Gia thuyet:
N = 1800 1/phut
f z = 0.12 mm
z=2
v f = fz * n * z
vf = 0,12mm * 1800
1
*2
phut
v f = 432mm / phut
c
n
Ket qua:
Ta co:
vf mm/phut
.c
Tnh:
V du 3:
Tnh so vong quay n
Tnh:
f l = 0,15 mm
z=2
z=2
1/phut
nb =
vf
mm
fb * z phut * mm
nb =
200
0.1* 2
w
Ket qua:
vf = 200 mm/phut
f b = 0,10 mm
nb
Ta co:
Gia thuyet:
.l
a
vf = 200 mm/phut
w
w
Gia thuyet:
tr
i
Tnh so vong quay n khi gia cong bang dao phay ngon 2 li cat, vi lng tien dao theo phng vuong
goc be mat chi tiet gia cong bf = 0,1mm va lng tien dao theo chieu dai fl = 0,15mm, toc o tien dao vf
= 200mm/phut.
1
nb = 1000
phut
Tnh:
Ta co:
Ket qua:

MTS GmbH 1997
nl 1/phut
vf
mm
fl * z phut * mm
200
1
nl =
0.15 * 2 phut
1
nl = 667
phut
nl =
Tnh toan lc cat va cong suat ong c

Khi phay ngi ta cung dung ngay cac he so hieu chnh nh khi tnh toan lc cat cho tien.
ap
ae
b
Fcz
s
hm
fz
So rang dao phay

So rang tham gia cat
kc
kc1-1
ng knh dao phay

Goc nang cua li cat
Goc nghieng
Lc cat rieng
Tren tiet dien phoi b hm =1 mm lien quan
z
ze
.c
Chieu sau cat

Chieu rong cat
Chieu rong phoi
Lc cat moi rang
Goc tiep xuc
Chieu day trung bnh cua phoi
Lng tien dao rang
ti lc cat rieng
So mu cua chieu day phoi
mc
c
n
Cac d lieu c tra trong bang hoac tnh nh trong trng hp he so thay oi goc trc bi cong thc
o ok
. Khi phay ket qua lc cat la:
66 .7
Fc = Fcz ze N 1 = N . theo cong thc nay th
K = 1
va
ae
mm
cos
va
360 a e
mm
d s
w
w
hm = f z sin
.l
a
b=
Fcz = b hm k c . ay gom
tr
i
z s
360
ze =
= 900 - cho dao phay vi goc nang.

Can chu y ti cac he so hieu chnh va lc cat c tnh t cong thc:
Fc = ze b h m kc K K v K ver mm mm
2 = N
mm
Fc =
va vi
ze , b , hm cong thc cho ket qua
z s a e 360 a p
f z sin kc K Kv Kver
360 cos s d

MTS GmbH 1997
V du 4.
Thanh dan bang thep C35 nh hnh ve c phay bac vi dao phay tru mat au 4 li cat ng knh
= 40mm.
ng knh dao
Chieu rong dao
Chieu sau phay
Lng tien dao
d = 40mm
ae = 40mm
ap = 6mm
Goc trc
Goc nang
Goc nghieng
Vat lieu
0 = 100
= 300
= 900
C35
He so hieu dung
Van toc cat
M = 0.82
vc=140mm/ph
f z = 0.12 mm
Gia thiet:
Tnh toan lc cat Fc
z s a e 360a p
N
mm mm
f z sin kc K K v K ver 1
mm
1 = N
2
360 cos s d
mm
1 mm
Fc =
4 1
40
360 6
0.12 sin 90kc K Kv Kver ;

360 cos 30 1 40
c
n
.c
Fc =
Gia tr kc khong the lay trc tiep t trong bang. No c tnh nh sau:
kc11
,
hm
kc =
360 a p
tr
i
f z sin , sau o
s d
360 6
hm =
= 3.87 mm va
44 . 4 40
1860
N
kc =
= 1420
.
0.2
3.87
mm 2
ok
10 6
K = 1 o
= 1
= 0.94
66. 7
66 . 7
o
w
w
.l
a
hm =
kc11 co the lay t trong bang la 1860, tng t mc vi 0.2. Gia tr hm c tnh nh sau
Kv c lay t bieu o = 0.97. Kver c chon =1.3 cho gia tr hieu chnh o mon li cat. Do vay tat ca
cac gia tr c xac nh cho tnh lc cat, vay lc cat la:
4 40 6 0.12 1
1420 0. 94 0. 97 1. 3
0. 866 40
Fc = 1782 N
Fc =
Tnh toan cong suat cat Pc

e tnh cong suat cat Pc ta s dung cong thc sau:
Pc = Fc *v c
m
Pc = 1782N *140 min
Pc = 1782 * 140
Pc = 415W
Nm
60s

MTS GmbH 1997
Tnh toan cong suat can thiet cho ong c Pab

e tnh toan cong suat cho ong c Pab ta s dung cong thc sau:
P
Pab = c
M c
0,45KW
0,82
Pab = 055KW
Pab =
Tnh toan thi gian gia cong chnh
f z = 0 .12 mm
m
vc = 120
min
ph
Van toc cat
tr
i
Chieu dai vao va thoat dao l = 22mm

Chieu sau cat
ap = 12mm
Chieu dai chi tiet
Ll = 90mm
Chieu rong chi tiet
Lb = 50mm
.c
d =32 mm
Vat lieu: ST50

ng knh dao
Lng tien dao rang
c
n
Gia thiet:
Thanh dan bang vat lieu ST50 c ve phac nh hnh ve va phay trong mot lat cat bac sau 12 mm
bang dao phay ngon ng knh 32mm va chieu dai li cat 16mm. Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh cho
may CNC? neu lng tien dao rang bang 0.12 va van toc cat bang 120 m/ph. Chieu dai vao va thoat
dao la 22 mm.
Tnh thi gian gia cong chnh tnu bang cong thc sau:
.l
a
( 2 Ll + 2 Lb + 2 A ) ;
tnu =
fv
mm 1 mm min
ph
ph
=
=
= min
mm
mm
min
ph
w
w
t nu =
Lges i
fv
vi
vc
012
. 3 140
= fv =
d
0032
.
2 110 + 2 70 + 2 22
tnu =
501
tnu = 081
. min
ph
f = fz z
vc
f = 501
vc

MTS GmbH 1997
mm
min
ph
Ket qua la:
3.5 Thiet b kep CNC

Cac dang thiet b kep
Thiet b kep dung e ga chi tiet gia cong len may cong cu. No phai ap ng 2 chc nang c ban sau:
1. nh v chnh xac chi tiet gia cong.
2. Kep chat chi tiet e chong lai tat ca cac lc sinh ra trong qua trnh gia cong.
Viec kep chat chi tiet dien ra phan ln bi sc ep cua cac phan t kep. chung c goi la lc kep.
e cho chi ph thiet b kep va chi ph gia cong la nho nhat, Can cac oi hoi tiep theo oi vi thiet b kep:
Thao tac nhanh va n gian.

Kha nang s dung a dang.
Thay oi de dang cac phan t kep.
o chnh xac cao khi kep lai.
Thiet lap lc kep
C cau kep c kh.

Thiet b kep thuy lc.
Thiet b kep kh nen.
Thiet b kep bang ien.
c
n
.c
Viec kep bang tay thng ien ra tren may cong cu van nang. ieu nay oi hoi ngi cong nhan hao
ton nhieu sc lc. e giam thi gian phu va giam nhe viec kep cho ngi cong nhan, cac thiet b kep
chuyen dung a c phat trien cho tng phng tien kep. Co nhieu phng phap c s dung e tao
ra lc kep:
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
C cau kep c kh thng s dung c cau thanh chem (xem hnh 126) hay c cau on bay (xem hnh
127). Nhng c cau kep nay thng c s dung tren may tien.
Hnh 126
Mam cap vi c cau kep thanh chem
Hnh 127
Mam cap vi c cau kep on bay
Mam cap
Mam cap
Thanh keo
Thanh keo
Thanh chem
on bay
Chau kep
Chau kep
Thiet b kep thuy lc tao ra cac chuyen ong va lc kep can thiet bang cac piston thuy lc. Cac thiet
b nay thng c ieu khien bi cac van tac ong bang tay. Lc kep co the ieu khien chnh xac va
MTS GmbH 1997

oc c bi mot c cau hien th. Mac du thiet b kep thuy lc oi hoi ky thuat phc tap nhng chung
hoan toan c tin cay.
.c
Hnh 128
Thiet b kep thuy lc
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Thiet b kep kh nen c van hanh bang khong kh vi ap lc. Chung lam viec tng t nh thiet b
kep thuy lc. May nen kh c s dung e tao ra kh nen.
Hnh 129
Thiet b kep kh nen

MTS GmbH 1997

Thiet b kep bang ien vi chuyen ong quay tao ra lc kep bang he thong an khp truc vt banh vt.
Chung co kha nang ieu chnh nhanh e kep c cac ng knh khac nhau cua chi tiet.
Truc xoay c khoa trong suot qua trnh kep va thao kep bi ly hp ien t trong thiet b kep, v the
toan bo momen kep c truyen en mam cap.
ai oc ren
Truc ren
Thanh noi
Ly hp
Banh rang hanh tinh

ong c
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Hnh 130
C cau kep bang ien

MTS GmbH 1997
Cac dang va ac iem cua thiet b kep e tien

Trong phan nay nhieu thiet b kep khac nhau cho tien se c gii thieu. Co the phan biet s khac
nhau cua thiet b kep nh sau:
Kep bang mam cap

Kep bang kep rut
Kep bang mui chong tam
Kep bang mam toc
Kep bang mam hoa
Kep bang o ga tien
Kep bang Luy-net
Kep bang mam cap
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Mam cap c phan biet da vao so chau kep la mam cap 2 chau, mam cap 3 chau va mam cap 4
chau. Mam cap 3 chau t nh tam thng c s dung nhieu nhat. Chung bao am ga nhng phoi
tien tron ong tam mot cach chac chan va nhanh chong. Mam cap 4 chau dung e kep nhng phoi tien
co 4, 8 hay 12 canh va nhng phoi tien tron.
w
w
Hnh 131
Mam cap 3 chau t nh tam
Hnh 132
Mam cap 4 chau t nh tam
Cac chau kep thng c toi cng va co dang bac. Cac chau kep co the ieu chnh do vay kep c
cac chi tiet co ng knh khac nhau. Bang cach thay oi cac chau kep, chi tiet gia cong tien co the
c kep t ben trong hoac ben ngoai.
S truyen lc kep thng da tren nguyen ly cua a xoan oc hoac thanh nem.

MTS GmbH 1997

Truyen lc kep bang a xoan oc
.c
Mam cap vi a xoan oc co lc kep nho, v be mat tiep xuc gia a xoan va chau kep qua nho.
Hnh 134
He thong truyen lc kep
c
n
Hnh 133
Mam cap vi a xoan oc
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
Nhc iem cua mam cap a xoac oc la khi thay oi cac chau kep phai c thao ri toan bo khoi
mam cap.
Chau kep 2 chieu
Truc vt ieu chnh
e chau kep
Banh rang truyen lc
a xoan oc
Vt chan banh rang
Cha khoa
Cha khoa ieu chnh
Hnh 120
Cac bo phan cua mam cap a xoan oc
Nguyen tac hoat ong:
Quay banh rang nho (4) lam cho a xoan oc (5) quay. Do o e chau kep (3) chay ve pha tam cua
truc chnh va kep chi tiet gia cong.

MTS GmbH 1997
Truyen lc kep bang thanh nem
Chot nh v
O
Vong ap
Lo-xo chot ham chau kep
Lo-xo chot nh v
Nem
Vt tru
Chot tru
51
56
57
58
76
90
Than mam cap

Thanh nem
Chot ap lc
Sat chan
Che phoi
Cha khoa
w
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.l
a
tr
i
Muc luc
22
Nap
33
23
a dan
34
24GB
e chau kep
35
24EB
Chau n
36
25
Chau kep
37
27
Truc
38
28
Sat trt
39-42
29
Chot ham chau kep
44
Hnh 136
Cac bo phan cua mam cap dung thanh nem
c
n
.c
Mam cap s dung thanh nem co kha nang thay oi cac chau kep mot cach nhanh chong va tao ra lc
kep ln hn so vi mam cap vi a xoan oc.
Nguyen tac hoat ong:

Thong qua cha khoa (90) quay truc (27) vao thanh nem (56). Thanh nem (56-2) quay dch chuyen a
dan (23) qua sat trt (28). Hai sat trt (28) truyen lc tiep ti thanh nem khac (56-1). Cac thanh nem
vi cac bien dang chay nghieng ngam vao phan e cua chau kep (24GB) va dan chung vao hng
tam.

MTS GmbH 1997
Kep bang kep rut
Kep rut co kha nang kep chi tiet co dang hnh tru mot cach chnh xac va nhanh chong. Chi tiet c
kep t ben ngoai bi kep rut. Kep rut thng ch ng dung cho nhng chi tiet gia cong co cung ng
knh hoac co kch thc tng ng v no co mot pham vi ieu chnh hng knh rat nho. No c s
dung ac biet trong gia cong loat ln.
Chi tiet gia cong

au kep
Truc
Ong kep
.c
Hnh 137
Kep rut
Kep gia cac mui tam
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Hnh 138
Kep bang mui chong tam
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Kep gia hai mui chong tam c ng dung cho nhng chi tiet dai. Chi tiet gia cong phai c khoa
mat va khoan tam ca hai mat.
Kep bang mui chong tam co the c phan biet theo cac kha nang sau, can c vao ac iem ky thuat
gia cong:
Toc mat au cung vi mui tam quay hay mui tam co nh.
Toc kep co vong bao ve cung vi mui tam quay hay mui tam co nh.

MTS GmbH 1997

Toc mat au thng c gan tren truc chnh. No c s dung khi phai gia cong toan bo be mat tru
cua chi tiet. Chi tiet c kep gia toc mat dau va u ong. Nhc iem cua toc mat au la ch truyen
c momen quay nho.
.c
Hnh 139
Toc mat au
w
w
Hnh 140
Mui chong tam xoay
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
Mui tam quay c cai vao nong truc u ong oi dien vi toc mat au. V mui chong tam quay quanh
tam cua no nen co the s dung van toc cat cao trong suot qua trnh gia cong.

MTS GmbH 1997

Pham vi ng dung cua mui chong tam co nh b gii han rat ln. Chung ch c dung khi gia cong vi
chieu sau cat nho, bi v chung b sinh nhiet va mon nhanh.
Hnh 141
Mui tam co nh
.c
Hnh 142
Mui tam co nh loai vat au
Mam toc
Toc kep
Chi tiet gia cong
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tr
i
c
n
Toc kep co vong bao ve (xem hnh 143) dung e nh tam thong qua mui tam va kep hng knh bang
mot bu-long kep. Do o co the truyen c momen quay ln va at c cong suat cao hn.
Hnh 143
Toc kep co vong bao ve

MTS GmbH 1997
Kep bang truc ga bung

Truc ga bung dung e kep chi tiet (Co lo) t ben trong. Ngc lai so vi mam cap ch s dung truc ga
bung cho cac chi tiet co lo nho. Chung c la chon da vao lo co san cua chi tiet can gia cong. Co
hai loai: kep bung co nh va kep bung an hoi.
Kep bung co nh co o con rat nho (1:2000) va c kep gia hai mui tam. Kep bung co nh ch dung
e gia cong tinh v ch co kha nang chu ng c chieu sau cat nho. o ong tam cua hai tam quay
phai c kiem tra trc khi s dung.
c
n
.c
Kep bung an hoi c ga vao con trong cua truc chnh. Pham vi kep c xac nh bi v tr kep c
se ranh doc truc ga trong moi le thuoc vao o ong tam va kep eu chi tiet. Qua trnh kep dien ra bi
sc ep ien ay cua phan con.
Vong kep
Ong kep
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tr
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Hnh 144
Truc ga bung
Hnh 145
Truc ga bung
Truc an hoi c ga gia hai mui tam va ch co pham vi kep nho. Nguyen tac hoat ong cua chung
c hnh thanh bi s bung ra trong pham vi bien dang an hoi cua lp thanh mong bang vat lieu tong
hp (khong xe ranh).

MTS GmbH 1997
Kep bang mam hoa
.c
Mam hoa co kha nang kep nhng chi tiet co hnh dang phc tap. Bon hoac nhieu hn na cac pt-tong
c ieu chnh rieng le. Chung cung co the xoay. V tr kep lam viec co the kep ngoai hoac kep trong.
Cac ranh kep co san dung e lap o ga va cac oi trong.
c
n
Hnh 146
Mam hoa vi 6 chau kep
Kep vi o ga tien
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Mam lo vi cac lo ren ong vai tro than c ban cua o ga cho phep kep rat a dang. Tuy nhien dang
kep nay nhat thiet phai chu y k lng ti s can oi oi trong, v neu khong truc chnh se quay khong
can bang. ieu nay dan en ket qua gia cong khong chnh xac va trong trng hp nghiem trong co
the gay h hong may.
Chi tiet
Than ga
on kep
oi trong
Hnh 147
o ga tien

MTS GmbH 1997
Kep vi s ho tr cua luy-net
Luy-net dung e kep nhng chi tiet dai, manh, e chong lai s uon cong chi tiet do lc cat va trong
lng chi tiet.
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c
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Chi tiet c kep gia hai mui tam va c phu bi luy-net
.c
Hnh 148
Luy-net t nh tam
Hnh 148
Luy-net co nh

MTS GmbH 1997
Cac dang va ac iem cua thiet b kep e phay
Trong phan nay nhieu thiet b kep khac nhau cho phay se c gii thieu. Co the phan biet cac hnh
thai khac nhau cua thiet b kep nh sau:
Kep bang E-to

Kep bang ban t tnh
Kep bang modul ga
Kep bang E-to
1. E -to co the c quay tng goc 900 tren
ban may.
2. V tr co the c thay oi.
.c
3. Chi tiet c kep co the dch chuyen

doc theo truc x va z.
c
n
Kep bang ban t tnh
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a
tr
i
1. V tr cua chi tiet tren ban may co the

c xac nh mot cach t do.

MTS GmbH 1997
Kep bang modul ga

1. V tr cua chi tiet tren ban may co the
thay oi.
2. Cac phan t kep co the c xac nh
nh la mot modul. V tr kep do ngi s
dung xac nh.

Cac ranh T tren ban may phay la c s e kep chi tiet gia cong. Phu thuoc vao chi tiet gia cong c
kep theo dang va cach thc nh the nao, co the phan biet gia cac thiet b kep nh sau:
Thiet b kep c kh.

Thiet b kep thuy lc.
Thiet b kep kh nen.
Thiet b kep bang ien.
Thiet b kep c kh
Thiet b kep c kh thng hnh thanh t nhieu bo phan n khac nhau, v du nh on kep, goi va
bu-long kep vi au T.
on kep
Goi
Ban may
c
n
.c
Chi tiet gia cong
tr
i
Hnh 150
on kep va goi
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w
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a
e cac chi tiet gia cong nang thng s dung cac goi ta.
Goi ta
Chi tiet gia cong
on kep
Goi
Ban may
5
Hnh 151
on kep, Goi va goi ta

MTS GmbH 1997

Dung tam kep mong e kep nhng chi tiet gia cong mong va be mat cua no phai c e trong cho
dao vao gia cong
Chi tiet gia cong

Tam kep mong
Hnh 152
Tam kep mong
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tr
i
c
n
.c
Vi s ho tr cua au phan o vi mam xoay, cac chi tiet co the c gia cong nhanh chong cac canh
oi xng khac nhau. Cung co the ga mam cap len tren au phan o e gia cong chnh xac cac chi tiet
co dang tron xoay.
Hnh 153
au phan o vi mam xoay

MTS GmbH 1997

E-to may
E-to may s dung de dang va chac chan, c dung e kep nhng chi tiet nho. Viec canh chnh chi tiet
th nhat dien ra vi s ho tr cua ong ho so.
p
.l
a
Hnh 155
Lc kep trong e-to may
tr
i
c
n
Qua trnh kep e-to may c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
.c
Hnh 154
E -to may
w
w
E-to a nang co the quay ngang hoac thang ng. Lc kep c tao ra thng bang tay. Tuy nhien con
co nhng e-to tao ra lc kep bang thuy lc va kh nen.
Hnh 156
E -to a nang

MTS GmbH 1997
Thiet b kep thuy lc va kh nen

Nhng e-to NC co o chnh xac cao, tao ra lc kep bang cac xy-lanh thuy lc va kh nen, c s dung
cho may cong cu-CNC. Cac e-to NC van hanh bang kh nen, co o chnh xac cao cho phep rut ngan
thi gian ong va m e-to. Tuy nhien ap lc hoat ong nho nen khong the at c lc kep ln. e tao
ra lc kep ln ta dung thiet b kep thuy lc, co thiet b ieu chnh ap lc e tao ra lc kep theo yeu cau.
Hnh 157
E -to thuy lc
tr
i
c
n
.c
Cau tao cua mot e-to thuy lc c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
2 Ham kep di ong
3 Bo phan thuy lc
4 Phan than di ong
5 Truc vt-me
6 ai oc
8 Lo xo
.l
a
7 Than e-to
1 Ham kep co nh
w
w
Hnh 158
E -to thuy lc
Thiet b kep bang t tnh
Chi tiet gia cong bang sat co the c kep bang ban t tnh. Chi tiet b hut vao ban kep sau khi dong
ien c m va co the lay chi tiet mot cach de dang sau khi tat dong ien.
Hnh 159
Ban t tnh
Luyen tap CNC:
MTS GmbH 1997

Thiet lap mot mam cap
Mo ta
Nhap
F1
2. Chon menu thiet lap cong nghe.
F3
3. Goi menu thiet b ga.
F1
4. Chon dang kep.
(TOPTURN)
(Setup mode)
(Part chuck)
F3
(Change jaws)
F1
hoac chon
F2
va
1. Goi menu tien-CNC.
(Aceppt) chap nhan
.l
a
5. Chon menu managment.
tr
i
c
n
.c
F8
F5
hoac chon
, va
(Create chack) Chap nhan.
F1
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w
6. Goi menu thiet lap mam cap.
(Managm. menu)

MTS GmbH 1997
7. Chon d lieu co san cho mam cap, V du:

SP 315 - 90 3.
F7
(Default data) vi
hoac chon
, va vi
(Create default) chap nhan.
F8
8. Chon tr giup o hoa cho cac kch thc.
(Help graphic)
tr
i
vi phm TAB e chon vung nhap

va ghi cac d lieu bang ban phm.
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9. Nhap cac d lieu cho mam cap.
c
n
.c
F2
10. Thoat khoi menu thiet lap mam cap.
Chap nhan vi
F8
(Create chuck)
E SC
F8
F8
F8

MTS GmbH 1997
(Return)
(Return)
(Accept)
Luyen tap CNC:

Thiet lap mot u ong
Mo ta
Nhap
3. Goi quan tr cau hnh.
F5
4. Thiet lap cau hnh mi.
(Create)
F8
Nhap ten bang ban phm DS2.

(Create)
.l
a
hoac chon
(Default)
F8
w
w
May tien MTS 6.
(Config managment)
tr
i
5. Nhap ten mi, v du DS2.
6. Chon d lieu co san,
F2
c
n
F1
hoac chon
F1
2. Chon may tien MTS.
(Configuration)
.c
F5
1. Goi cau hnh t menu chnh.
7. Chon muc cau hnh Reitstock.
8. Thay oi d lieu u ong.
F1
F4

MTS GmbH 1997
hoac chon
F2
(Change point)
c
n
.c
9. Nhap d lieu u ong
tr
i
F1
F2
cho tng muc.
Nhap cac d lieu bang ban phm. Mit

(Accept & Return) Chap nhan cac thay oi.
F8
F8
F8
(Accept & Return)

(Accept & Quit)
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10. Thoat khoi menu cau hnh may tien.
hoac chon

MTS GmbH 1997
Thiet lap E -to
Nhap
3. Goi menu thiet b ga.
F1
5. Chon dang kep.
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w
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6. Chon menu managment.
tr
i
4. Chon menu kep
F3
F1
F5
F5
(Part/Vice)
(Change jaws)
(Jaw chucking)
(Managm. menu)
(Create chuck)
7. Chon menu thiet lap o ga
(Setup mode)
c
n
F3
(TOPMILL)
.c
F2
1. Goi phay CNC t menu chnh
Mo ta

MTS GmbH 1997

8. Chon d lieu co san, cho E-to MAX.
F7
(Default data) Mit

hoac chon
, va vi
(Create default) chap nhan.
9. Tao lap e-to.
Vi
.c
F8
c
n
Chon muc va nhap d lieu bang ban phm

Dung phm TAB chon d lieu tng thch
(Create chuck) chap nhan.
ESC
F8
F8
F8
(Return)
(Return)
(Accept)
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w
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a
tr
i
10. Thoat khoi menu tao lap thiet b ga.
F8

MTS GmbH 1997
Kiem tra kien thc C s cong nghe

1. He thong dung cu tren may tien-CNC hnh thanh t nhng bo phan nao?
2. Tai sao manh hp kim cng c s dung nhieu cho gia cong tren may cong cu
CNC?
3. Neu khai quat pham vi ng dung cua cac loai hp kim?
4. Giai thch y ngha cua goc sau dung cu cat got?
5. Goc trc ln hn co u iem g trong qua trnh cat?
6. Goc trc ln hn co nhc iem g trong qua trnh cat?
7. Khi nao oi hoi goc trc am?
.c
9. Nhiem vu: Tnh so vong quay?
8. Goc nghieng co y ngha g trong qua trnh cat?
10.
c
n
Mot truc ng knh d = 80mm can c tien tho vi van toc cat Vc = 120m/ph.
Nhiem vu: Tnh van toc cat?
Chi tiet dang a ng knh d = 250mm c tien vi n = 100/ph. Tnh van toc cat Vc
tai ng knh ln nay?
Neu nhiem vu cua thiet b kep?
12.
Neu cac dang khac nhau cua mam cap?
13.
Nhng bo phan nao uc kep tren mam hoa?
14.
Khi nao luy-net co nh c s dung?
15.
Neu cac dang khac nhau cua eto tr lc bang kh nen va thuy lc?
16.
Neu cac dang o ga kep tren may phay?
17.
Neu u iem cua o ga?
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tr
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11.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
4 Khai quat ve lap trnh NC

4.1 To chc va trnh t cong viec lap trnh NC thu cong
So sanh cong viec chuan b gia cong tren may CNC va may van nang
San xuat tren may CNC co nhieu u iem hn so vi san xuat tren may con
g cu van nang, v du thi
gian gia cong ngan hn va nang suat cao hn. e co the s dung hieu qua cac u iem nay, cong viec
chuan b phai c thc hien sao cho phu hp.
Muc ch cua cong viec san xuat la gi cho thi gian gia cong chnh tren may cong cu cang cao cang
tot. Tuy nhien e at c ieu nay th nhieu hoat ong mang tch ke hoach phai c thc hien.
Tren may cong cu van nang, ngi cong nhan ch co the hoac san xuat hoac lap ke hoach. Tuy nhien
may cong cu CNC chay t ong, do vay ngi cong nhan co the ong thi thiet lap cac ke hoach. ay
la nguyen nhan dan en thi gian gia cong chnh tren may cong cu CNC cao hn.
.c
Khi san xuat bang may cong cu van nang, ban ve che tao, trnh t cong viec va nhiem vu san xuat phai
c san sang cho ngi cong nhan. T o ngi cong nhan phai lap ke hoach chi tiet cho tng bc
cong viec va chon la dung cu cat. V khong the o dung cu cat tren may cong cu van nang, nen moi
bc cong viec phai ra chuan cho dung cu va tiep o chi tiet phai c o lai. Nhng bc nay khong
can thiet na khi s dung may cong cu CNC, tuy nhien e thc hien ieu nay dung cu cat phai c o
va hieu chnh trc.
tr
i
Thiet lap tai lieu can thiet

o dung cu cat
Quan tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep va
San sang tat ca cac tai lieu va thiet b phu tr.
c
n
Nhieu cong viec chuan b cho CNC co the c chuyen giao cho may thc hien. Muc ch la: e chuan
b san sang ay u cac d lieu, dung cu cat va thiet b kep cung nh phoi cho nhiem vu san xuat; e co
the bat au trc tiep cong viec hieu chnh may moc thiet b va gia cong. Nhiem vu chuan b gia cong
c chia ra theo cac pham vi nh sau:
.l
a
Cac d lieu can thiet cho gia cong tren may cong cu CNC phai c chuan b t m hn so vi san xuat
tren may cong cu van nang. Tao ra cac d lieu nay oi hoi nhieu thi gian hn, tuy nhien chung cho
phep dung ngay cho cac cong viec lap lai.
w
w
Ben canh chng trnh NC mot phieu cong nghe c thiet lap e hieu chnh may cong cu CNC. Tat ca
cac thong tin ve dung cu cat c s dung va v tr kep chi tiet c cho trong phieu nay.
May cong cu CNC co kha nang t ong o dung cu cat va s dung de dang cac dung cu nay tren
nhieu may khac nhau.
Quan tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep trong chuan b cong viec gia cong tren may CNC rat a dang, v the
thng co nhieu dung cu va thiet b kep c s dung hn tren may cong cu van nang ong thi c
mo ta chi tiet hn. D lieu c lu tr trong cac bo tr dung cu cat va thiet b kep.
S san sang ong bo cac d lieu, dung cu cat a hieu chnh va cac thiet b tr giup tao ieu kien ieu
chnh nhanh cho may cong cu CNC. Muc ch la giam thi gian dng cua may va do o lam tang thi
gian gia cong chnh.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t to chc lap trnh NC

Chng trnh NC co the c thiet lap nhieu cac bo phan khac nhau. V vay can phan biet cac dang
lap trnh NC sau:
Thiet lap chng trnh bo phan chuan b san xuat (Lap trnh AV) va
Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng (Lap trnh xng).
Trat t to chc cua hai dang nay c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
Pham vi
He thong
CAD/NC-Modul
Thiet ke
Bo phan lap trnh

chuan b san xuat
c
n
Nhan vien lap trnh
.c
Thiet ke
V tr lap trnh,
ieu khien
CNC
tr
i
Phan xng
He thong lap
trnh NC
.l
a
Hnh 160
Trat t to chc lap trnh NC
Ky s cong nghe, ngi van hanh may
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Thiet lap chng trnh bo phan chuan b san xuat
Tat ca cac bien phap ke hoach hoa c thc hien bo phan chuan b san xuat e thc hien nhiem vu
gia cong. Bien phap ke hoach nay la sap at trc thi gian cho viec gia cong. V bo phan nay nam
ngoai pham vi xng nen ngi ta cung goi la lap trnh t ben ngoai.
Chng trnh NC c tao ra bi cac lap trnh vien-NC, ho a c ao tao sau cho lap trnh NC. Phan
nhieu ho lam viec tai v tr lap trnh va thiet lap chng trnh bang may. ay chng trnh khong ch
c tao ra ma con c quan ly theo trat t nhat nh. Chng trnh c dan vao may cong cu CNC
bi mang van hanh DNC.
Thiet lap chng trnh trong bc chuan b san xuat ch co li khi:
Quy mo chng trnh NC ln hoac

Chng trnh NC cho cac chi tiet phc tap phai c thiet lap, neu
Nhieu chng trnh NC phai c quan ly hoac
Khi trong phan xng co nhieu may cong cu CNC
Nhc iem:
Chng trnh NC phai c toi u hoa tren may cong cu CNC va
ch co moi lien he rat t vi xng.
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng

Neu chng trnh NC c thiet lap trong pham vi xng, th ngi ta goi o la lap trnh ben may.
Chng trnh NC co the c tao ra trc tiep tren may hoac tai v tr lap trnh gan ben may.
Chng trnh NC c tao ra trong pham vi xng va bc chuan b san xuat c kiem tra trc tiep
va toi u hoa trc tiep tren may cong cu CNC bi ngi van hanh khi ieu chnh may.
Thiet lap chng trnh trong pham vi xng ch co li khi:
Ngi cong nhan xng co kinh nghiem,

Chng trnh NC ngan hoac
Phai thiet lap chng trnh NC cho cac chi tiet n gian
Ch co mot vai may cong cu CNC hoac
Chng trnh NC co san va nhan c mot cach nhanh chong.
Nhc iem:
Nhan s xng phai c ao tao chuyen sau va
Thi gian lap trnh dai dan en may phai dng tng ng.
Phan biet gia lap trnh thu cong va lap trnh may
.c
Trng hp lap trnh thu cong, ngi lap trnh viet chng trnh NC trc tiep di dang de hieu bi
mot trong nhieu he ieu khien CNC. o moi bc phai c lap trnh rieng va may CNC thc hien
tng bc o.
c
n
Tuy theo kha nang cua he ieu khien CNC va tnh phc tap ve hnh hoc cua chi tiet ma phai thc hien
tnh toan mat nhieu hay t thi gian. Vi cach thc nay cac loi co the xay ra hoac cac va cham v du vi
thiet b kep khong the nhan biet t ong. e kiem tra chng trnh NC thong thng cac he ieu khien
CNC c tch hp cac mo phong, nh no ma chuyen ong cua dung cu c mo ta.
tr
i
Trng hp lap trnh may, ngi lap trnh c ho tr bi mot he thong lap trnh. He thong nay am
nhan cac cong viec kinh nghiem thng cha cac loi lap trnh thu cong, v du nh tnh toan cac toa o
va cac thong so che o cat.
.l
a
S khac nhau c ban so vi lap trnh thu cong hnh thanh cho, khong mo ta hanh trnh dung cu tng
bc ma la chi tiet can c nhn nh trong gia cong. Them vao o la s tach biet ro rang gia cac d
lieu cong nghe va hnh hoc.
w
w
Qua trnh cong viec lap trnh may c mo ta trnh t nh sau:

1. Trong bc th nhat chi tiet c mo ta dang hnh hoc. Quan trong la mo ta hnh dang chi tiet
gia cong ong thi cung mo ta hnh dang phoi.
2. Tiep o xac nh cac bc gia cong. He thong lap trnh ho tr ngi lap trnh la chon dung
cu thch hp cho gia cong va t ong tnh toan cac thong so che o cat can thiet.
3. Cuoi cung chng trnh NC c thiet lap cho may cong cu CNC vi he ieu khien CNC
tng ng, sau o chng trnh c tai ti may gia cong.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Lap trnh CNC co the c thc hien vi cac phng phap khac nhau a iem khac nhau. S o sau
trnh bay khai quat nhng kha nang nay.
Lap trnh-NC
WOP
Xng
a iem lap trnh
Ngoai
xng
Van
phong
May tnh c
ng dung
PC trong
CNC
May
Tay may
Chi tiet
o hoa, Chu
trnh, C/Nghe
tr
i
p
o hoa
Man hnh
Mo phong
May tnh
ln
o hoa,
Chu trnh
He thong
CAD/CAM
o hoa, Man
hnh,M/phong
May in
o hoa, Man
hnh,M/phong
May in
Man hnh, Mo
phong o hoa ong,
May + chi tiet
Lap trnh tren

may cho tng
may bi s
dung PP
Phan mem lap

trnh chuyen
nghiep/van nang
Xuat ra moi may/
To hp CNC
ng dung Hnh
hoc-CAD,
Cong nghe c
bo xung sau o
.l
a
Lap trnh
tren may
w
w
Giai thch
He thong
lap trnh
c
n
Phng
tien ho tr
kiem tra
o hoa, Chu
trnh Mo phong
Teach-in
Play back
PC
(May tnh)
Phng
tien ho tr
lap trnh
PC ngoai
CNC
.c
T/chuan DIN
66025
Lap trnh tren

may cho lien
ket CNC va
may chuyen
biet
Phan mem CNC vi

WOP- Nhap thu cong
May tnh vi phan mem lap

trnh chuyen nghiep/van nang
May tnh ln cho

dang hnh hoc, PC
hoac CNC cho
cong nghe
Hnh 161
Trnh t cac phng phap va he thong lap trnh NC

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t nguyen tac lap trnh NC bang phng phap thu cong tai v tr lap trnh
Gia cong tren may cong cu CNC oi hoi qua trnh chuan b gia cong va ke hoach k lng. Tat ca cac
hoat ong ma ngi cong nhan thc hien tren may iten hay may phay van nang phai c suy ngh va
mo ta trc bi ngi lap trnh cho gia cong tren may cong cu CNC.
Khi lap trnh bang phng phap thu cong, ngi lap trnh trnh bay ro rang va chnh xac nhiem vu gia
cong trong chng trnh NC, ma khong co s tr giup t he thong lap trnh. Nguyen tac lap trnh NC
bang phng phap thu cong bao gom cac bc sau:
Khang nh trnh t gia cong
Xac nh dung cu cat can thiet
Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe
Tnh toan cac thong so hnh hoc
Thiet lap chng trnh NC cho tng bc gia cong
Kiem tra chng trnh NC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cac nhiem vu can thc hien c mo ta trong hnh 162 sau:
.c
Cac gia oan lap trnh NC
Lap ke hoach gia cong
Chi tiet hoa cac gia oan gia cong

Phng an kep
Xac nh dung cu
Xac nh o ga
.l
a
w
w
Xac nh thong so cong nghe

Xac nh thong so hnh hoc
Thiet lap bi
Ke hoach gia cong

Phieu hieu chnh dung
cu cat
Phng an kep
Chng trng NC
Xac nh dung cu cat

Kiem tra s va cham
Thiet lap cac

vat tr tin NC
Thu nhap d lieu

Kiem tra d lieu
Chuan b d lieu
Kiem tra tnh tng thch
tr
i
c
n
Chuan b lap trnh
Lap trnh theo cac ma lenh
Thiet lap chng trnh

Kiem tra chng trnh
Th nghiem chng trnh
Mo phong
Chay th
Toi u hoa chng trnh
Hieu chnh chng trnh
Hnh 162
Cac giai oan lap trnh NC

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Khang nh trnh t gia cong
Viec xac nh tien trnh gia cong phai c cau truc hoa cho chng trnh NC c tao ra. Ngi lap
trnh xac nh trnh t gia cong da tren ban ve che tao. Ngoai ra phai xac nh phng an
kep can thiet
va thiet b kep s dung cho phng an kep cung nh tng bc gia cong trong trnh t gia cong.
Xac nh cac dung cu cat can thiet
Ngi lap trnh xac nh dung cu cat can thiet cho tng bc gia cong. Dung cu cat c la chon t
ngan hang dung cu cat.
Tnh toan cac thong so cong nghe
Thong so che o cat co lien quan en vat lieu gia cong va dung cu cat phai c xac nh cho tng
bc gia cong.
Tnh toan cac thong so hnh hoc

Cac toa o can thiet cho chng trnh gia cong c lay t ban ve che tao hoac phai c tnh toan
them t cac toa o a biet.
Thiet lap chng trnh gia cong cho tng bc gia cong
Vi s ho tr cua cac thong so hnh hoc va thong so cong nghe a xac nh trc ay, tng cac bc
lap trnh c ghi lai trong phieu lap trnh.
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Kiem tra chng trnh NC

Cac chuyen ong dch chuyen c mo phong tren may cong cu CNC e kiem tra va phat hien cac loi
cua chng trnh.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
am bao chat lng trong gia cong CNC

Chi tiet gia cong tren may cong cu van nang b phu thuoc trc tien vao trnh o va nang lc cua ngi
van hanh may. Trai lai, ngi ta co the gia cong tren may cong cu CNC cac chi tiet ong nhat vi nhau
trong suot thi gian dai vi chat lng nh nhau.
Cac yeu to sau co the anh hng en chat lng cua chi tiet gia cong:
Chng trnh NC a c thiet lap,

o mon cua li cat (tuoi ben cua li cat),
Vat lieu chi tiet gia cong (tnh chat va hnh dang),
May CNC (o chnh xac va o on nh),
Anh hng cua moi trng (tac ong thay oi cua nhiet o)
Trang thai cua ngi van hanh (phat hien loi, ma nhng loi nay dan ti giam thieu chat lng)
Kha nang anh hng chat lng
Ngi ta co the gian thieu cac yeu to anh hng en chat lng nh the nao?
Th nghiem, toi u hoa chng trnh Nc a thiet lap va cho chay can than chi tiet gia cong au
tien cung nh thc hien cac cong viec hieu chnh cu the va can thiet cho o chnh xac cua cac
kch thc gia cong.
o mon cua dung cu cat co the c giam sat tren may CNC. Chc nang giam sat nay c
thc hien bi he ieu khien CNC, v du mot dung cu cat khi a at c tuoi ben toi a, th no
c t ong thay the bang mot dung cu cat tng t. Mot kha nang khac e xac nh o mon
da vao lc cat tang. May CNC hien ai c trang b mot may o lc cat. Khi lc cat tang qua
gii han cai at th viec thay dung cu se c thc hien t ong.
Cac sai lech kch thc co the nhan biet c bi he thong o a tch hp. Viec o chi tiet c
thc hien trong qua trnh gia cong v du: mot au o (xem hnh 163) gan tren au revolve may
tien CNC vao v tr o (khong b va cham). Trong trnh t chu trnh gia cong chi tiet mot bc o
a c thiet lap vao thc hien t ong. Chng trnh o CNC cho phep quyet nh thc hien
cho he ieu khien CNC.
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
au o
w
w
Dung cu cat
au rvolve
Hnh 163
o chi tiet trong qua trnh gia cong
o va kiem tra chnh xac vi k thuat o va kiem tra a nh chuan.

ao tao nhan s van hanh may.
ieu hoa nhiet o cho khong gian xng.
Chu y chat lng khi mua va lap at may.
Thc tap xng

Tuy kha nang cu the nen cho hoc vien tiep can vi cac phng phap lap trnh khac nhau va to chc lu
tr chng trnh NC cung nh ngan hang dao cu va thiet b ga.
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
4.2 C s lap trnh NC

Chng trnh NC hnh thanh t mot chuoi cac cau lenh, chung dung e ieu khien may cong cu CNC
gia cong mot chi tiet cu the.
Chng trnh gia cong nay cha mot lenh vi cac thong tin tng ng cho moi qua trnh gia cong tren
may cong cu CNC. Cac lenh nay c ma hoa di dang cac ch so, co ngha la chung hnh thanh t
cac ch cai, ch so va cac ky hieu.
Tieu chuan hoa lap trnh NC (ISO)
Tieu chuan ISO-6983 a th nghiem e thong nhat lap trnh NC cua cac may trong lanh vc san xuat.
Tuy nhien ngi ta gii han cac lenh cung nh cau truc chung cua mot chng trnh NC. Cac nha san
xuat he ieu khien CNC co mot pham vi rong cho viec thiet lap cac lenh NC rieng biet trong he ieu
khien cua ho. Cau truc chung cua mot chng trnh NC theo tieu chuan ISO-6983 c mo ta theo
trnh t sau.
Cau truc c ban cua mot chng trnh NC

Cau truc c ban cua mot chng trnh NC c tieu chuan theo ISO-6983 va c mo ta nh sau:
.c
Mot chng trnh NC hoan chnh bao gom cac phan sau:
Cau truc chng trnh NC
M au chng trnh
N10 G54 X80 Y100
Trnh t cac cau lenh NC
c
n
%TP0147
vi cac thong tin gia cong va
N435 M30
tr
i
N75 G01 Z-10 F0.3 S1800 T03 M08
.l
a
Hnh 164
Cau truc mot chng trnh NC
lenh ket thuc chng trnh
w
w
Bat au chng trnh hnh thanh t mot ky hieu hoac mot lenh (v du: %) no bao cho he ieu khien
CNC biet se co mot chng trnh NC theo sau. Ngoai ra dong au tien cua chng trnh NC cung cho
biet ten cua chng trnh (v du TP0147). Hai ac iem nay lam nhiem vu quan ly, lu tr chng trnh
NC cung nh e goi chung trong he ieu khien CNC.
Ten cua chng trnh NC co the gom cac ky hieu ch hoac so. Thong thng ten cua chng trnh NC
co 2-6 ky t va thng c dung e nhan biet chng trnh.
Mot chng trnh NC hnh thanh t mot chuoi hp l cac cau lenh. Chung cha cac thong tin ve cong
nghe, hnh dang hnh hoc va k thuat cua chng trnh. He ieu khien CNC can cac thong tin nay cho
tng bc gia cong.
Ket thuc chng trnh c lap trnh bi lenh M30 hoac M02.
Tat ca nhng cai g ng mo ta trc ky hieu % e bnh luan chng trnh, c he ieu khien bo qua.
Tat ca cac giai thch can thiet nay tao ieu kien mang lai s ro rang cho chng trnh hoac chi tiet. Cac
li chu thch dien giai cung cho phep co ngay trong mot chng trnh, dung e giai thch cac cau lenh
ac biet, tuy nhien nhng li chu thch nay phai c at trong dau ngoac n.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Cau truc cua mot cau lenh
Moi mot cau lenh NC bao gom so cua cau lenh, mot so cac t lenh cung nh mot dau hieu ieu khien
rieng biet dung e bao cho he ieu khien CNC biet cau lenh NC a ket thuc. Dau hieu ieu khien nay
c k hieu la LF (Line Feed). No c t ong tao ra trong chng trnh NC khi nhan phm Chap
nhan cua he ieu khien CNC hoac phm Enter tren ban phm may tnh (PC).
N75
G01
Z-10.75
F0.3
S1800
T03
M08
LF
So th t
cau lenh
T lenh
T lenh
T lenh
T lenh
T lenh
T lenh
Ky hieu ket thuc cau lenh
Hnh 165
Cau truc cua mot cau lenh
Cau truc cua mot t lenh
V du
a ch
So
N75
75
So 75 mo ta so cua cau lenh NC cho a ch N
G01
01
So 01 co y ngha la mot ma lenh cho a ch G. Lenh NC-G01 cho

biet Hanh trnh cua dung cu cat la ng thang vi lng chay
dao
Z-10.75
-10.75
So -10.75 co y ngha la mo t gia tr cho a ch Z. Z-10.75 co y ngha

trong moi tng quan vi lenh NC- G01 cua cau lenh a cho. Dung
cu can chay ti v tr Z = -10.75 trong he toa o tc thi cua chi tiet.
c
n
.c
Y ngha
Mot t lenh hnh thanh t mot ch cai a ch va mot con so (Mang dau + hoac dau -). Y ngha va
trnh t cua cac t lenh c ch nh trong ch dan lap trnh cua tng he ieu khien CNC. Moi con so
se tuy thuoc ch cai a ch ma co y ngha hoac la mot ma lenh hoac la mot gia tr.
tr
i
Hnh 166
Cau truc cua mot t lenh
Dang cho cua con so phu thuoc vao tng he ieu khien CNC, v du Z-35.5 tng ng vi toa o
iem ch Z-035.500. Hau het cac he ieu khien CNC cho phep bo dau + trong chng trnh NC.
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a
Thong thng, co the c phan biet 3 nhom t lenh trong mot cau lenh NC:
ieu kien ve hanh trnh
G02
G54
Cac chc nang cong nghe va phu tr
w
w
G01
G00
Cho biet cac toa o
Hnh 167
Cac nhom t lenh cua chng trnh

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Y ngha
1.
So th t cua cau lenh
2.
ieu kien ve hanh trnh
3.
X, Y, va Z
Cac toa o
4.
I, J, va K
Cac tham so noi suy
5.
Bc tien (Feed)
6.
So vong quay (Speed)
7.
V tr dung cu cat (Tool)
8.
Chc nang phu tr
Hnh 168
Th t cua cac t lenh
Trong mot cau lenh cac t lenh nao o khong can thiet th co the bo qua.
a ch
Th t cua cac t lenh trong mot cau lenh NC c ch nh nh sau:
c
n
.c
So th t cua cau lenh N

T lenh au tien cua cau lenh la so h
t t e nhan biet mot cau lenh. No ch co the c cho mot lan.
So cua cau lenh khong anh hng en viec thi hanh cua tng cau lenh, bi v no c goi theo trnh t
a cho cua no trong he ieu khien.
ieu kien ve hanh trnh G

ieu kien ve hanh trnh xac nh cung vi cac t lenh cho cac toa o c s hnh hoc chi tiet cua chng
trnh NC. ieu kien ve hanh trnh bao gom a ch G va mot ma lenh vi 2 ch so.
tr
i
Toa o X, Y, Z
Cac toa o X, Y va Z xac nh toa o iem ch can thiet.
.l
a
Tham so noi suy I, J, K

Cac tham so noi suy I, J, K c dung e xac nh tam cua cac chuyen ong tron va thng c nhap
theo gia tr tng oi.
w
w
Bc tien F
Toc o dch chuyen cua dung cu cat c lap trnh bang chc nang F. Bc tien cua dung cu cat F
thng nhap theo n v mm/phut. Trong tien, bc tien F(mm/vong) co lien quan en so vong quay
truc chnh cung co the c s dung.
So vong quay S
Chc nang S c dung e nhap so vong quay cua truc chnh. Co the c lap trnh trc tiep theo n
v vong/phut.
V tr dung cu cat T
a ch T cung vi mot ma lenh dung e ch nh dung cu cat. Y ngha cua a ch nay thng khac
nhau cac he ieu khien khac nhau va co the co cac nhiem vu sau:
Lu tr kch thc cua dung cu cat trong bo lu tr hieu chnh dung cu cat va
Goi dung cu cat t o cha dao.
Chc nang phu tr M

Chc nang phu tr con goi la chc nang tr giup no cha cac thong so cong nghe va ch c lap trnh
ngay sau cac t lenh v du cac a ch F, S, T. Cac chc nang phu tr nay c nhap theo a ch M va
mot ma lenh vi 2 ch so.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
So sanh ma lenh NC cua cac he ieu khien CNC khac nhau

Cac lenh c ban c tieu chuan hoa trong ISO-6983. Cac nha san xuat he ieu khien CNC a bo
xung them cac lenh hoac cac lenh c ban rieng cua ho. Bang di ay so sanh cac ma lenh cua cac
he ieu khien CNC khac nhau.
Mo ta
MTS
SINUMERIK
HEIDENHAIN
G00
G00
L... F MAX
Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien

Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho
G01
G02
G01
G02
L... F...
C... DR-
Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho
G03
G03
C... DR+
Thi gian dng (Tre)
G04
G04
Dng chnh xac

oi n v o kch thc qua inch
G09
G20
G09/G60(modal)
G70
MOD-Funktion
oi n v o kch thc qua mm
G21
G71
MOD-Funktion
Goi chng trnh con
G22
L...(P...)
Lap lai oan chng trnh

Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat
Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben trai ng
bien dang
Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai ng
bien dang
Vao va ra dao song song ng bien dang
G23
G40
G40
G41
G41
CALL LBL...
CALL LBL..REP..
DEP...
RL
RR
APPR/DEP LT
G46
G348/G349
APPR/DEP CT
G47
G247/G248
APPR/DEP CT
tr
i
w
w
Bc tien mm/vong
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Lap trnh kch thc tuyet oi

Lap trnh kch thc tng oi
Bc tien mm/phut
Dch chuyen iem 0 tng oi
.c
c
n
G45
Vao va ra dao theo ng bien dang na ng tron

Vao va ra dao theo ng bien dang mot phan t
ng tron
Huy dch chuyen iem 0 tng oi
at iem 0 tuyet oi
G42
G42
Chay dao nhanh
G53
G54
CYCL DEF 7.0 ...

G54...G57
G59
G58/G59
G90
G91
G94
G90
G91
G94
G95
G95
CYCL DEF 7.0 ...
G81
CYCL DEF 1.0 ...
Chu trnh phay ho vuong

Chu trnh gia cong tho boc lp hnh vuong
G87
G76
CYCL DEF 4.0 ...
Chu trnh khoan (Phay)
L95
Chu trnh gia cong tho song song ng bien dang
G83
Chu trnh tien ranh

Toa o X
Tam ng tron theo hng Z
G79
X
K
L93
X
K
X
CC...
So vong quay
Bc tien
Chon mot dung cu

M truc chnh quay phai
T
M3
T
M3
TOOL CALL
M3
M nc lam mat
M8
Ket thuc chng trnh
M30
M8
M30
M30
Luyen tap CNC

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Hay cho biet y ngha tng ng cua cac cau lenh e gia cong tinh chi tiet Tien trong chng trnh NC
sau:
Cau lenh so Lenh

N05
Mo ta
O 0300
Ten chng trnh
T0404
Chon dung cu so 4
G96
M on nh van toc cat
S140
N10
M4
M truc chnh quay trai
G92
Gii han so vong quay
S3000
N15
G0
X20
Z2
G1
.c
N20
M8
X20
c
n
Z0
G42
N25
G3
X28
Tam ng tron theo hng X
tr
i
I0
Z-4
G1
Z-28
G2
w
w
N35
.l
a
N30
K-4
X34
Z-31
I3
K0
N40
G1
X38
Z-33
N45
G1
Z-53
N50
G1
X44
N55
G3

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

X50
Z-56
I0
K-3
N60
G1
Z-64
N65
G2
X62
Z-70
I6
K0
G1
N70
X66
G1
N75
.c
X71
Z-72
G1
N80
G40
N90
G0
N85
c
n
X76
X200
Dng truc chnh
M9
Tat nc lam mat
.l
a
M30
M5
w
w
N95
tr
i
Z200
Hay cho biet y ngha tng ng cua cac cau lenh e gia cong chi tiet Phay trong chng trnh NC sau:
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Cau lenh so
N05
Lenh
Mo ta
FX100
Ten chng trnh
G54
at iem 0 tuyet oi
X+145.000
Y+090.000
Z+114.000
N10
T0101
M03
S1600
N15
G00
X-030.000
Z-006.000
N20
Y-030.000
M08
G41
.c
N30
Ban knh cua cung tron mot phan t
c
n
A+022.000
G47
G01
X+010.000
Y-002.000
Y+082.000
N40
G02
.l
a
X+018.000
N35
tr
i
F250.000
Y+090.000
N45
Ban knh
w
w
B+008.000
G01
X+082.000
G02
N50
X+090.000
Y+082.000
B+008.000
N55
Ban knh
G01
Y+018.000
N60
G02
X+082.000
Y+010.000
B+008.000
N65
Ban knh
G01

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

X+018.000
N70
G02
X+010.000
Y+018.000
B+008.000
N75
G03
X-010.000
Y+048.000
B+030.000
N80
G40
G47
A+022.000
G00
N85
M09
Tat nc lam mat
c
n
M30
Dng truc chnh
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
N90
M05
.c
Z+100.000
Thc tap xng

Goi va gia cong mot chng trnh NC a co san tren may phay CNC.
ac biet chu y lam quen bang ieu khien vi cac k hieu rieng cua nha che tao.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
4.3 Khai quat ve lap trnh NC thu cong

Cac bc lap trnh thu cong
Cac bc lap trnh NC thu cong c phan chia theo bon bc sau:
1. Phan tch ban ve che tao
2. Xac nh trnh t gia cong
3. La chon o ga va dung cu cat can thiet
4. Thiet lap chng trnh NC (Phieu lap trnh)
Nhieu tai lieu phai c chu y va phan tch cung nh ke hoach thc hien nhiem vu gia cong phai c
thiet lap (Xem hnh 169).
Lap trnh
vien
Phieu cong
nghe
tr
i
Hnh 169
Cac bc lap trnh thu cong
Phan tch ban ve chi tiet
Phieu lap trnh
c
n
Trnh t cong
vie c
o ga
.c
Dung cu
Nghien cu ban ve
chi tiet
Nghien cu nhiem vu
san xuat
w
w
.l
a
Cac thong tin ve hnh dang hnh hoc, cong nghe a hien hu trong ban ve (Xem hnh 170). Ta co the
tiep nhan cac kch thc, o bong cung nh cac ch dan ve phng phap gia cong (V du Gia cong cat
got, gia cong ren, o cng). Cac cong viec can thc hien, so lng chi tiet gia cong va thi gian gia
cong c e cap trong nhiem vu san xuat.
Hnh 170
Ban ve che tao chi tiet tien

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 171
Ban ve che tao chi tiet phay
Lap trnh NC can ban

Ban ve che tao va nhiem vu san xuat quyet nh tien trnh gia cong (Xem hnh 172). Tien trnh gia cong
c ghi lai trong ban trnh t tng bc cong viec.
Trnh t cong viec c ban-Nr.: 007
Cac kch thc:
Phoi:
90 <= Da < 150

35 <= Di < 80
10 <= NB < 20
2 <= Z < 20
Thanh tru tron

Dr = 1.05 x Da
Lr = L + 5
Vat lieu: C45
01
Ca va lay bavia phoi
02
Tien va gia cong cac lo

chnh
Phng tien
ho tr gia
cong
Ban ve phac
Bc cong viec la chon

Tieu chuan quyet nh
120 <= Da < 240 und

30 <= L < 80
Nhom
Chi ph
tr [ph]
55/1
1101
66/1
1212
Lay dau
Co cac lo hng truc
04
Gia cong cac lo phu
Co cac lo hng truc va

cac lo <= 10 mm
71/1
Co cac lo hng truc va

cac lo > 10 mm
72/2
Cong thc tnh cho thi gian chi tiet te

[Ph/chi tiet]
te = 0,5 x Dr
12
te = 1,5 x (Dr - Da) + 0,1 x Lr
1300
te = 0,5 x So lo
1217
te = 0,5 x So lo
1217
te = 0,05 x So lo x Chieu sau lo
c
n
03
Hnh 172
Nhiem vu san xuat
Dr: = ng knh phoi

Lr: = Chieu dai phoi
Trnh t cong viec
Z: = So rang
NB: = Chieu rong
ranh then
Da: = ng knh ngoai

Di: = ng knh trong
AVO-Nr
Thi han: 13.03.91
.c
Hnh ve phac: Banh rang
Dang c ban-Nr.: 4711
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
Va xac nh trnh t gia cong (Xem hnh 173). Luc nay v tr kep phai c chu y ro rang. Nhng v tr
kep phc tap hoac ao kep phai c ve phac hoa phng an kep.
Hnh 173
Trnh t cong viec

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
La chon thiet b kep va dung cu cat can thiet
.c
Trong giai oan nay tat ca d lieu can thiet cho viec thc hien tng bc cong viec, c ghi lai
trong ban trnh t cong viec e am bao gia cong ung chat lng (Xem hnh 173). Sau khi chon
cac thiet b kep theo yeu cau, cac dung cu cat can thiet c la chon thch hp vi tng bc
gia cong.
c
n
Hnh 174
Trnh t cong viec
tr
i
Tat ca cac d lieu can thiet cho viec hieu chnh may cong cu CNC c liet ke trong phieu cong nghe
(Xem hnh 174). ac biet cac thong tin ve so hieu chng trnh va so hieu cua ban ve cung nh ten chi
tiet gia cong tao ieu kien quan l tat ca cac tai lieu can thiet cho viec san xuat. Trng hp lap lai gia
cong san pham thong qua s lu tr nay giup giam bt thi gian rat nhieu.
w
w
.l
a
Ngi lap trnh viet chng trnh NC mot cach n gian bang tay da tren ban ve che tao va ban trnh
t cong viec va ghi tng cau lenh cua chng trnh vao phieu lap trnh (Xem hnh 175). Phieu lap trnh
nay tong hp cac tai lieu a hien hu. Do vay co the bat au ngay viec gia cong lap lai vi phieu cong
nghe cua may.
Hnh 175
Phieu lap trnh

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho tien

Luyen tap CNC
Thiet lap theo ch dan chng trnh NC cho gia cong tien CNC
Nhiem vu:
w
w
Hnh 176
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Thiet lap chng trnh NC e gia cong chi tiet sau:
Thiet lap chng trnh NC theo cac bc sau:

2.
Chon o ga va cac dung cu can thiet
3.
4.
Mo phong chng trnh NC
1.

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Trnh t cong viec gia cong mat th nhat
Trnh t
Dung cu cat
KEP CHI TIET GIA

CONG
XAC NH IEM
0 CUA CHI TIET
TIEN MAT AU
3
2
DAO TIEN TRAI
T04
CL-SCLCR2020/R/1204 ISO30
KHOAN NH TAM
F0.15
S140
LI
KHOAN
TAM
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS
ISO30
T09
G97
F0.16
c
n
G96
Ve phac hoa
KIEM TRA KCH

THC PHOI
Gia tr
cat
.c
V tr
TT
KHOAN
LI KHOAN
14mm
XOAN
tr
i
S1800
T07
F0.22
.l
a
DR14.00/108/R/HSS
ISO30
w
w
TIEN
THO
DOC DAO TIEN TRAI
TRUC BIEN DANG
CL-SCLCRNGOAI
2020/R/1204 ISO30
S1000
T04
TIEN TINH DOC DAO TIEN TRAI

TRUC BIEN DANG
CL-SVJCRNGOAI
2020/R/1604 ISO30

MTS GmbH 1997
G96
F0.1
S140
G97
T02
G96
F0.1
S280
Lap trnh NC can ban

Trnh t cong viec gia cong mat th hai
Trnh t
Dung cu cat
KIEM
TRA
CHI
TIET GIA CONG
KEP CHI TIET GIA

CONG
XAC NH IEM
0 CUA CHI TIET
TIEN MAT AU
V tr
Gia tr
cat
Ve phac hoa
1
2
3
DAO TIEN TRAI
T04
CL-SCLCR2020/R/1204 ISO30
G96
F0.28
TIEN
THO
DOC DAO TIEN TRAI
TRUC BIEN DANG
CL-SCLCRNGOAI
2020/R/1204 ISO30
T04
G96
F0.28
c
n
S140
tr
i
KHOAN M RONG LI KHOAN

LO
22mm
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT
ISO30
T12
G97
F0.2
S850
w
w
.l
a
.c
S140
TT

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
T05
Tien tinh bien dang DAO TIEN LO

trong
BI-SDQCL1212/L/0704
ISO30
T10
Tien tinh bien dang DAO TIEN TRAI

ngoai
CL-SVJCR2020/R/1604
ISO30
T02
G96
F0.2
S120
G96
F0.1
S220
G96
F0.1
S280
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Tien tho bien dang DAO TIEN LO

trong
BI-SDQCL1212/L/0704
ISO30

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap may CNC (Phieu cong nghe)
Sau khi khi ong, mo phong MTS c thiet lap t ong vi phoi, o ga (Mam cap) va au revolve.
Neu cac d lieu cong nghe khong c xac nh vi cac d lieu cong nghe hien co th ta phai thay oi
trong thiet lap cong nghe.
Hnh 178
Menu thiet lap cong nghe Kep chi tiet
Phieu cong nghe e gia cong mat th nhat

CAU HNH
PHOI
HNH TRU D075.000 L100.000

VAT LIEU AlMg 1::Aluminium
TY TRONG 002.70
c
n
MAY MTS TM -042x500x1000

HE IEU KHIEN MTS TM Control
.c
Hnh 177
Lu o cac bc thiet lap cong nghe
CHI TIET TREN TRUC CHNH
U ONG
.l
a
tr
i
MAM CAP KFD-HS 160

CHAU KEP HM-160_200-02.001
CHIEU SAU KEP E1800
MAT CHUAN CUA PHOI: Z+228.000
V TR CUA U ONG Z+800.000
D/CU CAT HIEN HANH
w
w
T02
CAC DUNG CU CAT
T02
T04
T05
T07
T09
T10
T12
DAO TIEN TRAI

DAO TIEN TRAI
DAO TIEN LO
MUI KHOAN XOAN
MUI KHOAN TAM
DAO TIEN LO
MUI KHOET
CL-SVJCR-2020/R/1604 ISO30
CL-SCLCR-2020/R/1204 ISO30
BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30
DR-14.00/108/R/HSS ISO30
CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30
DI-22.00/051/R/HMT ISO30
D02
D04
D05
D07
D09
D10
D12
R000.400 X+070.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400

R000.400 X+060.000 Z+043.000 G000.000 E005.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
R000.400 X-008.776 Z+160.000 G000.000 E017.500 I+000.400 K-000.400
R000.000 X+000.000 Z+180.000 G014.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
R000.000 X+000.000 Z+070.000 G004.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
R000.400 X-008.776 Z+160.000 G000.000 E017.500 I+000.400 K-000.400
R000.000 X+000.000 Z+180.000 G022.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
HIEU CHNH D/CU

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Phieu cong nghe e gia cong mat th hai

e gia cong mat th hai, chi tiet gia cong phai c ao kep. Do vay khong chon phoi e kep.
Chi tiet c kep sau khi mat th nhat a gia cong xong. Bien dang cua chi tiet c mo ta di dang
hnh hoc (Geometrie).
Hnh 180
Nhap ten e goi chi tiet a gia cong
X+071.331 Z+165.500
G01 X+075.000 Z+165.500
G01 X+075.000 Z+191.000
G01 X+014.000 Z+191.000
G01 X+014.000 Z+093.000
G01 X+020.000 Z+093.000
G02 X+028.000 Z+097.000 I+000.000 K+004.000
G01 X+028.000 Z+121.000
G03 X+034.000 Z+124.000 I+003.000 K+000.000
G01 X+038.000 Z+126.000
G01 X+038.000 Z+145.600
G03 X+038.800 Z+146.000 I+000.400 K+000.000
G01 X+044.000 Z+146.000
G02 X+050.000 Z+149.000 I+000.000 K+003.000
G01 X+050.000 Z+157.000
G03 X+062.000 Z+163.000 I+006.000 K+000.000
G01 X+066.000 Z+163.000
G01 X+070.766 Z+165.383
G03 X+071.331 Z+165.500 I+000.283 K-000.283
M30
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
PHOI
HNH DANG CHI TIET
c
n
MAY MTS TM-042x500x1000

HE IEU KHIEN MTS TM Control
CAU HNH
.c
Hnh 179
Bieu dien lu o cac bc quan tr chi tiet

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Chng trnh NC e gia cong mat th nhat

Cau lenh
so
Lenh
Mo ta
O 0200
O 0200 Ten chng trnh
4) Tien mat au
N010
G54 X0 Z+226.000
G54 Dch chuyen iem 0 tuyet oi

Z+226.000 Z- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0
N015
G96 S0140 T0404 M04
G96 M on nh van toc cat
S140 Van toc cat
T0404 Chon dung cu cat so 4
G92 S3000
G92 Gii han so vong quay
.c
N020
M04 M truc chnh quay trai
G00 X+078.000 Z+000.200
G00 Chay dao nhanh
c
n
N025
S3000 So vong quay
X+078.000 X- Toa o iem ch
G01 X-001.000 F000.150 M08
G01 Noi suy ng thang vi bc tien
N030
Z+000.200 Z- Toa o iem ch
tr
i
X-001.000 X- Toa o iem ch
X+200.000 Y+200.000 M05 M09
N040
G00 Z+002.000
w
w
N035
.l
a
F000.150 Bc tien mm/vong

M08 M nc lam mat
G00 Chay dao nhanh
X200.000 X- Toa o iem ch
Z200.000 Z- Toa o iem ch
M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

5) Khoan nh tam
N045
G97 S1800 T0909 M03
G97 Tat on nh van toc cat

S1800 So vong quay
M03 M truc chnh quay phai
N050
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

Z2 Z- Toa o iem ch
N055
X+000.000
N060
G01 Z-005.800 F000.160 M08

Z-005.800 Z- Toa o iem ch
N065
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh
M08 M nc lam mat
X+200.000 Z+200.000 M05 M09
N070
.c
c
n

M05 Dng truc chnh
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

6) Khoan
N075
F000.220 T0707 M03

N080
G97 S1000

S1000 So vong quay
N085
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

Z+002.000Z- Toa o iem ch
N090
X+000.000 M08

M08 M nc lam mat
G84
Z-105.000
A+001.000 G84 Chu trnh khoan lo
B+001.000 D+005.000 K+025.000
Z-105.000 Z- Toa o iem cuoi
N095
A+001.000 Thi gian dng sau khi lui e thoat phoi
.c
B+001.000 Thi gian dng e be phoi
D+005.000 Lng luy giam
G00 X+200.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh
N100
c
n
K+025.000 Chieu sau lat khoan au tien tnh t be

mat an toan
Z+070.000 M05 M09
Z070 Z- Toa o iem ch
tr
i
N105
M09 Tat nc lam mat
w
w
.l
a
M05 Dng truc chnh

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

7) Tien tho bien dang ngoai
N110
G96 S0140 T0404 M04

S0140 Van toc cat
N115
G92 S3000

S3000 So vong quay
N120
G00 X+075.000 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N125
G57 X+000.600 Z+000.200
G57 Lng d gia cong tinh
X+000.600 Lng d ngoai theo phng X

Z+000.200 Lng d ngoai theo phng Z
Z+002.000 G81 Chu trnh tien bien dang ngoai
G81
X+018.000
I+004.000
X+018.000 X- Toa o iem bat au cua bien dang
.c
N130
Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem bat au cua bien dang
I+004.000 Chieu sau moi lat cat

G42
G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai

ng bien dang
N140
G01 X+018.000 Z+000.000
c
n
N135

N150
G03 X+028.000
I+000.000
Z-004.000 G03 Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho

K-004.000
X+020.000
N160
G01 Z-028.000
N155
w
w
.l
a
N145
tr
i
G01 X+018.000 Z+000.000

I+000.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng X
K-004.000 Toa o tam ng tron theo phng Z
N165
G02 X+034.000
I+003.000 K+000.000
Z-031.000 G02 Noi suy ng tron cung chieu kim ong ho


MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

N170
G01 Z-053.000

N175
G01 X+044.000

N180
G03 X+050.000
I+000.000
Z-056.000 G03 Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho

K-003.000
N185
G01 Z-064.000

G02 X+062.000
I+006.000 K+000.000
Z-070.000 G02 Noi suy ng tron cung chieu kim ong ho
N190
.c

G01 X+066.000
N195
N200
G01 X+071.000
Z-072.500
c
n

G01 X+076.000
tr
i
N205
N215
G80
.l
a
G40
G40 Huy hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat

G80 Ket thuc bien dang va tao
w
w
N210
N220
G00
M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000
M05 G0 Chay dao nhanh

X200.000 X-Toa o iem ch
Z200.000 Z-Toa o iem ch
M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

8) Tien tinh bien dang ngoai
N225
G96 F000.100 S0280 T0202 M04

S0280 Van toc cat
T0202. Chon dung cu cat so 2
N230
G92 S4000

S4000 So vong quay
N235
G00 X+010.000 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

G42
G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben phai

ng bien dang
N245
G01 X+013.000 Z+000.000
N240
.c

G23 O135 Q210
G23 Lap lai mot oan chng trnh
N250
c
n
O135 Cau lenh bat au oan chng trnh c lap

lai
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
Q210 Cau lenh ket thuc oan chng trnh c lap

lai
N255
G00
M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000

M5 Dng truc chnh
M9 Tat nc lam mat
N260
M30
M30 Ket thuc chng trnh

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Chng trnh NC e gia cong mat th hai

Cau
lenh so
Lenh
Mo ta
O 0300
O 0300 Ten chng trnh
4) Tien mat au
N005
G54 X0 Z+188.000

N010
G96 S0140 T0404 M04

S140 Van toc cat

G92 S3000
G00 X+078.000 Z+001.500
G00 Chay dao nhanh
N020
.c
S3000 So vong quay
N015
c
n

G01 X-001.000 F000.280 M08
N025
X-001.000 X- Toa o iem ch
tr
i
w
w
.l
a
M08 M nc lam mat
N030
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh


MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

5) Tien tho bien dang ngoai
N035
G00 X+078.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N040
G00 Z+000.200
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N045
G01 X+012.000

N050
G88
X+070.400 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh)
Z+000.200 R+004.000
R+004.000 Ban knh cung bo tron

G01 Z-025.000
N060
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
N055
G00
M09
X+200.000
Z+200.000

M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

6) Khoet
N065
G97 S0850 T1212 M03

S0850 So vong quay
N070
G92 S1500

S1500 So vong quay
N075
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N080
X+000.000 F000.200 M08

M08 M nc lam mat
G84
Z-034.800
A+001.000 G84 Chu trnh khoan lo
B+001.000 D+004.000 K+020.000
.c
N085
A+001.000 Thi gian dng sau rut dao e thoat phoi
c
n
B+001.000 Thi gian dng e be phoi

D+004.000 Lng luy giam
G00 X+200.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh
tr
i
N090
K+020.000 Chieu sau lat khoan au tien tnh t be

mat an toan
w
w
.l
a
N095
Z+070.000 M05 M09

M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

7) Tien tho bien dang trong
N100
G96 F000.200 S0120 T0505 M04

S0120 Van toc cat
N105
G92 S3000

S3000 So vong quay
N110
G00 X+021.000 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N115
G57 X-000.600 Z+000.200
G57 Lng d gia cong tinh
X-000.600 Lng d trong theo phng X

Z+000.200 Lng d trong theo phng Z
Z+002.000 G81 Chu trnh tien bien dang ngoai
G81
X+040.000
I+002.500
X+040.000 X- Toa o iem au tien cua bien dang
.c
N120
Z+002.000 Z- Toa o iem au tien cua bien dang
I+002.500 Chieu sau moi lat cat

G41
G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat ben trai ng

bien dang
N130
G01 X+038.000 Z+000.000 M08
c
n
N125

X+034.000 Z-002.000
N150
w
w
N145
G88
X+034.000
R+002.000
G01 X+026.000
N140
.l
a
N135
tr
i
M08 M nc lam mat

Z-015.000 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh)

Z-035.000
N155
X+013.000
N160
G40
N165
G80
G80 Ket thuc bien dang va tao
N170
G00 X+200.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N175
Z+070.000 M05 M09

M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

8) Tien tinh bien dang trong
N180
G96
M04
F000.100
S0220
T1010 G96 M on nh van toc cat

S0220 Van toc cat
N185
G92 S4000

S4000 So vong quay
N190
G00 X+040.000 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N195

G23 O125 Q160
G23 Lap lai mot oan chng trnh
O125 Cau lenh bat au oan chng trnh c lap lai
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Q160 Cau lenh ket thuc oan chng trnh c lap lai
N200
G00 Z+002.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N205
X+200.000
N210
Z+070.000 M05 M09

M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

9) Tien tinh bien dang ngoai
N215
G96 F000.100
M04
S0280
T0202 G96 M on nh van toc cat

S0280 Van toc cat
N220
G92 S4000

S4000 So vong quay
N225
G00 X+034.000 Z+001.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh


G42
G42 Hieu chnh dung cu cat ben phai ng bien dang
N235
G01 Z+000.000 M08
N230
.c
G88
X+070.000
R+004.000
Z+000.000 G88 Chu trnh bo cung (vat canh)
c
n
N240
M08 M nc lam mat
G01 Z-026.000
tr
i
N245
N255
G40
N260
X+200.000
M09
.l
a
X+072.000
Z+200.000
N240
w
w
N250
M30

M05 X+200.000 X- Toa o iem ch

Z+200.000Z- Toa o iem ch
M05 Dng truc chnh
M09 Tat nc lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

Hnh 182
Che o t ong
.c
Hnh 181
Lu o menu che o t ong
Chng trnh NC c mo phong vi thi gian gia cong thc va co lu y en cac va cham co the xay ra
che o t ong (Automatic Mode).
e mo phong mot chng trnh NC can phai tuan theo hai bc can thiet sau:
c
n
1. Sau khi vao che o t ong (Automatic Mode), t main menu cho phep nhap ten cua chng
trnh NC (v du: O 0200) e mo phong.
Chap nhan chng trnh: Nhan F1 hoac

e chap nhan ten cua chng trnh. Neu
chng trnh co thc th chng trnh se c goi ra bo nh lam viec, neu khong co th mot
thong bao loi se xuat hien.
tr
i
2. Tiep tuc la chon cac che o mo phong chng trnh theo mong muon.
T ong: Chon F1 e t ong mo phong chng trnh.
F2
e mo phong chng trnh t ong tng cau lenh.
w
w
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a
T ong tng cau lenh: Chon
Hnh 183
Menu mo phong t ong

MTS GmbH 1997
Hnh 184
Hnh cat 3D
Lap trnh NC can ban

Kiem tra chat lng san pham bang o cac ket qua gia cong
Chi tiet co the o sau khi gia cong (Automatic mode) hoac trong khi gia cong tng bc cong viec ( ) va
c so sanh vi cac gia tr trong ban ve.
Trnh t cac bc:
Mo ta
1. Goi mo phong tien t menu chnh.
Nhap
F1
2. Chon che o t ong.
F2
3. Goi mot chng trnh NC co san,

V du: GEWBU2.
(TOPTURN)
(Automatic mode)
Ghi bang ban phm GEWBU2 va bam.
4. Chon dang mo phong t ong.
F1
(Automatic)
c
n
.c
Qua trnh gia cong c mo phong tren

man hnh.
F6
F7
F1
(Measure 3D)
(Point Dimension)
(Next point) hoac
(Previous point)
F2
D lieu cho iem a chon c hien th tng
ng.
w
w
.l
a
7. Chon iem can o.
6. Chon menu o theo iem.
tr
i
5. Chon che o o.
8. Thoat khoi menu o theo iem.
F8
(Abort)
(Quit)
F8
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC thu cong cho chi tiet phay

Luyen tap CNC
Thiet lap theo ch dan chng trnh NC cho gia cong phay CNC.
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
Nhiem vu:
Chng trnh NC can c thiet lap e gia cong chi tiet sau.
Hnh 185

La chon o ga va cac dung cu can thiet
Mo phong chng trnh
1.
2.
3.
4.
w
w
Thiet lap chng trnh NC theo trnh t sau:

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Trnh t cong viec

TT
Trnh t
Kiem tra kch thc

phoi
Kep chi tiet
at iem 0
V tr
S, F
Ve phac hoa
X
T01
Phay
bien
dang DAO
phai sau 8 mm
20
T01
F250
S1600
Phay bien dang trai Dao phay ngon 20

sau 8 mm
ME-20.0/075L HSS
ISO 1641
NGON
F250
c
n
PHAY
S1600
Phay bien dang bat DAO

giac sau 4 mm
20
PHAY
.l
a
tr
i
ME-20.0/075L HSS
ISO 1641
.c
Dung cu
NGON
T01
F250
S1600
w
w
ME-20.0/075L HSS
ISO 1641
Phay
bien
tron sau 6mm
6
dang DAO
20
PHAY
NGON
ME-20.0/075L HSS
ISO 1641

MTS GmbH 1997
T01
F250
S1600
Lap trnh NC can ban

8
Phay
bien
dang DAO
tron r = 25 mm
20
sau 2 mm
Phay ho tron sau

r = 15 sau 4 mm
PHAY
NGON
T01
F250
S1600
ME-20.0/075L HSS
ISO 1641
DAO PHAY NGON

(KHONG LOI) 10
T02
F50
S1800
MS-10.0/045L HSS
ISO 1641
10
Khoan moi 4 lo
Khoan moi 10
T03
F80
S2000
10
Khoan 4 lo c ban Li khoan 5

cho M6
DR-05.00/087 HSS
ISO 235
T04
F50
S1500
11
12
w
w
.l
a
11
tr
i
c
n
DC-08.0/060 HSS
ISO 3294
.c
Taro 4 lo M6
Taro M6
TA-M06.0/1.00
ISO 2857
T05
HSS

MTS GmbH 1997
F150
S150
12
Lap trnh NC can ban
Thiet lap may CNC (Phieu cong nghe)
Sau khi khi ong, mo phong MTS se thiet lap t ong gom phoi c ga at va dao a chon trong o
cha dao. Neu d lieu cong nghe khong thch hp vi d lieu cong nghe can lap th phai thay oi dang
cong nghe.
Hnh 187
Menu thiet lap cong nghe
.c
Hnh 186
Lu o cua menu thiet lap cong nghe
MAY MTS VMC-550x550x500

HE IEU KHIEN MTS VMC 40 Control
KCH THC CHI TIET
X+100.000 Y+100.000 Z+025.000
V TR CHI TIET
X+145.000 Y+090.000
GOC TRC BEN TRAI
X+145.000 Y+090.000 Z+114.000
VAT LIEU
AlMg 1:: Nhom
tr
i
c
n
CAU HNH
RS 135
Chieu cao t ay e-to ti mat di chi tiet E+025.000
Dch chuyen V+000.000
Hng ra A900
w
w
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a
E -TO
DUNG CU HIEN THI
T01
CAC DUNG CU
T01 Dao phay ngon

T02 Dao phay ngon (Co loi)
T03 Mui khoan tam
MS-20.0/075L HSS ISO 1641

MS-10.0/045L HSS ISO 1641
DC-08.0/060 HSS ISO 3294
T04 Li khoan
T05 Taro
DR-05.00/087 HSS ISO 235

TA-M06.0/1.00 HSS ISO 2857
HIEU CHNH DUNG CU

D01 R010.000 Z+143.000
D02 R005.000 Z+138.000
D03 R000.000 Z+112.500
D04 R000.000 Z+176.500
D05 R000.000 Z+132.500
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Lap trnh NC
TT
N010
LENH
Y NGHA
FX1909
So cua chng trnh (Ten)
G54 X+145.000 Y+090.000

Z+114.000

X+145.000 - X Toa o dch chuyen iem 0
Y+090.000 Y- Toa o dch chuyen iem 0
4) Phay bien dang trai sau 8 mm
N015
S1600 T0101 M03
S1600 So vong quay

T0101 Chon dung cu Nr. 1
G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh
N020
X-20.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch
Z-008.000 M08
Z-008.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch
N025
.c
Y-20.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
G41 G47 A+012.000 G01

X+005.000 Y-002.000
F250.000
G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang
G47 Vao cat theo cung tron

A+012.000 Ban knh cua cung tron
N030
c
n
M08 M nc lam mat
tr
i
G01 Noi suy thang vi bc tien
X+005.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch
Y110.000
F250.000 Bc tien mm/phut

Y110.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
w
w
N035
.l
a

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

5) Phay bien dang phai sau 8 mm
N040
G0 X095.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

X95.000 X- Toa o cua iem ch
N045
G01 Y-010.000

N050
G40 G47 A+012.000
G40 Huy lenh hieu chnh ban knh dao

G47 Thoat dao theo cung tron
A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron 1/4
N055
G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh
6) Phay bien dang vi cung tron sau 6 mm

Z-006.000
N065
G41 G47 A+012.000 G01 G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai bien dang
X+010.000
Y-002.000 G47 Vao dao ng tron
F250.000
A+012.000 Ban knh ng tron 1/4
c
n
.c
N060
tr
i
Y+082.000
Y+082.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch
N075
G02
X+018.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho
Y+090.000 B+008.000
B+008.000 Ban knh cung tron
w
w
.l
a
N070

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

N080
G01 X+082.000

N085
G02 X+090.000 Y+082.000 G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho
B+008.000
N090
G01 Y+018.000

N095
B+008.000

G01 X+018.000
N100
B+008.000
c
n
N105
.c
G03 X-010.000 Y+038.000 G03 Noi suy cung ngc chieu kim ong ho
B+020.000
tr
i
N110
.l
a
G40 G47 A+012.000

A+012.000 Ban knh cung tron
w
w
N115

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

7) Phay bat giac sau 4 mm
N120
G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N125
Z-004.000
N130
X+015.000 Y-002.000
G47 Vao dao theo cung tron

Y+065.000
N140
X+035.000 Y+085.000
N135
.c
Y-+085.000 Y- Toa o cua iem ch

X+065.000
N150
X+085.000 Y+065.000
c
n
N145

Y+035.000
N160
X+065.000 Y+015.000
N155
tr
i
N170
X+005.000 Y+045.000
G40 G47 A+012.000

w
w
N175
X+035.000
.l
a
N165

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

8) Phay bien dang tron r=25mm sau 2mm
N180
G00 X-020.000 Y-020.000
G00 Chay dao nhanh

N185
Z-002.000
N190
X+025.000 Y-002.000

N195
G01 Y+050.000
.c
G02
Y+050.000 I+025.000
N200
c
n
G40 G47 A+012.000
N205
I+025.000 Toa o tam cung tron theo chieu X, Tnh tng oi

ke t iem xuat phat
tr
i

G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05

G00 Chay dao nhanh
Z+100.000 Z- Toa o cua iem ch
M09 Tat nc lam mat
M05 Tat truc chnh
w
w
N215
G01 Y+065.000
.l
a
N210

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

9) Phay ho tron r=15mm sau 4mm
N220
S1800 T0202 M03
S1800 So vong quay

T0202 Chon dao so Nr. 2
N225
G00
Y+050.000 M08
X+050.000 G00 Chay dao nhanh

M08 M nc lam mat
Z+002.000
N235
G01 Z-004.000 F050.000

G42
G47
A+005.000 G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben phai bien dang
X+038.000 Y+053.000
.c
N240
N230
c
n

G02
Y+065.000 B+012.000
N245
tr
i
w
w
.l
a

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

N250
G02 J-015.000
G02 Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho

J-015.000 Toa o tam cung tron theo chieu Y, Tnh tng oi
ke t iem xuat phat
N255
B+012.000
N260
G40 G47 A+005.000

G01 X+050.000 Y+050.000

G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
G00 Chay dao nhanh
.c
N270
N265
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
M05 Tat truc chnh
M09 Tat nv lam mat

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

10) Khoan nh tam 4 lo
N275
S2200 T0303 M03
S2000 So vong quay

N280
G00 Z+002.000.000 M08
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M08 M nc lam mat
N285
G81 Z-005.000 W+005.000
G81 Chu trnh khoan

Z-005.000 Chieu sau khoan, tnh tng oi t be mat an toan
G78 X+018.000 Y+018.000

A+090.000 D+064.000
S0002
G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang
X+018.000 -Toa o X cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat

Y+018.000 Toa o Y cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat
N290
W+005.000 Khoang cach gia be mat an toan va mat rut dao
.c
A+090.000 Goc cua ng thang so vi truc X dng
G78 X+082.000 Y+082.000 G78 Goi chu trnh tren ng thang

A+270.000
D+064.000
X+082.000 Toa o X cua cho chu trnh th nhat
S0002
Y+082.000 Toa o Y cua thc hien chu trnh th nhat
N295
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
S0002 So lo khoan
D+064.000 Khoang cach cac lo
A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang so vi truc X dng

S0002 So lo khoan
N300
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M09 Tat nc lam mat
M05 Tat truc chnh

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

11) Khoan 4 lo c s cua M6
N305
S1000 T0404 M03
S1000 So vong quay

N310
G00 Z+002.000 M08
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M08 M nc lam mat
N315
G81 Z-010.000 W+005.000
G81 Chu trnh khoan

Z-010.000 Chieu sau khoan, Tng oi ke t mat an toan
W+005. 000 Khoang cach gia be mat an toan va mat lui dao

A+090.000
D+064.000
X+018.000 X- Toa o X cua chu trnh th nhat
S0002
Y+018.000 Y- Toa o Y cua chu trnh th nhat
.c
A+090.000 Goc cua ng
N320

A+270.000
D+064.000
X+082.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat
S0002
Y+082.000 Y- Toa o X cua lo th nhat
N325
c
n
S0002 o lan thc hien
tr
i
A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng D+064.000

Khoang cach gi cac lo khoan
.l
a
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M09 Tat dung dch boi trn
M05 Tat truc chnh
w
w
N330
S0002 So lan khoan

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban

12) Taro 4 lo
N335
S0150 T0505 M03
S0150 So vong quay

N340
G00 Z+002.000 M08
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M08 M nc lam mat
N345
G84 Z-008.000 W+005.000
G84 Chu trnh ta-ro ren

Z-008.000 Chieu sau, tng oi ke t mat an toan
W+005.000 Khoang cach gia mat an toan va mat rut dao

A+090.000
D+064.000 X+018.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat
S0002
N350
A+90.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng

S0002 So lan thc hien

A+270.000
D+064.000 X+082.000 X-Toa o X cua lo th nhat
S0002
c
n
N355
.c
D+064.000 Khoang cach gi cac lo
A+270.000 Goc cua ng thang ti truc X dng
D+064.000 Khoang cach gi cac lo khoan
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
S0002 So lan thc hien
N360
G00 Z+100.000 M09 M05
G00 Chay dao nhanh

M09 Tat nc lam mat
M05 Tat truc chnh
N365
M30

MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
Hnh 189
Menu t ong
.c
Hnh 188
Lu o menu mo phong t ong.
Chng trnh Nc a thiet lap c mo phongvi thi gian thc va chu y ti va cham trong che o chay
t ong.
e mo phong mot chng trnh NC can phai tuan theo hai bc can thiet sau:
c
n
1. Sau khi vao che o t ong (Automatic Mode), t main menu cho phep nhap ten cua chng
trnh NC (v du: FX1909) e mo phong.
tr
i
Chap nhan chng trnh: Nhan F1 hoac

e chap nhan ten cua chng trnh. Neu
chng trnh co thc th chng trnh se c goi ra bo nh lam viec, neu khong co th mot
thong bao loi se xuat hien.
2. Tiep tuc la chon cac che o mo phong chng trnh theo mong muon.
T ong: Chon F1 e t ong mo phong chng trnh.
F2
e mo phong chng trnh t ong tng cau lenh.
w
w
.l
a
T ong tng cau lenh: Chon
Hnh 190
Menu mo phong t ong
Hnh 191
Hnh cat 3D
Thc tap xng

Hoc vien can gia cong chi tiet phay tren may phay CNC
MTS GmbH 1997
Lap trnh NC can ban
2.
Trnh t cong viec cua phieu lap trnh da tren c s nao?
3.
Hay giai thch khai niem Thong tin ve chc nang phu tr?
4.
Hay neu va giai thch 5 ma lenh cho may CNC?
5.
Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot chng trnh NC?
6.
Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot cau lenh chng trnh?
7.
Hay giai thch cau truc cua mot t lenh chng trnh?
8.
Hay giai thch cac a ch sau: F, S, T, M, X, Y, Z?
9.
Hay giai thch cac t lenh sau, neu cho trc X 53, Z 184.005
a)
Lap trnh tuyet oi (G90)
b)
Lap trnh tng oi (G91) !
10.
Cac a ch sau: I, J, K the hien ieu g?
11.
Hay nhan biet cac chc nang sau ay vi cac t lenh: G va M!
c
n
- Noi suy cung tron cung chieu kim ong ho?

- M nc lam ma t ?
Hay neu cac bc cong viec lap trnh trnh thu cong?
.c
1.
Cau hoi kiem tra kien thc Lap trnh NC can ban
tr
i
- Goi hng quay trai?
Hay neu l do, trng hp nao oi hoi van toc cat khong oi?
13.
Van toc cat khong oi c lap trnh bi ieu kien hanh trnh nao?
14.
Hay oc va ghi cau lenh sau?

Hay mo ta bang hnh ve qua trnh chuyen ong?
G01 G95 X100 Z-5 F0.25 S600 T0101
15.
Hay oc va ghi cau lenh sau?

Hay mo ta bang hnh ve qua trnh chuyen ong?
G02 G96 X30 Z-30 I30 K-15 F0.2 S180
.l
a
w
w
16.
12.
Hay oc va ghi lai oan chng trnh sau?

N5
N10
N20
N30
N40
N50
N60
N70
G90
G0
G1
G0
G1
G2
G0
G96
X133
Z-395
X135
X123
Z-269.8
X133
Z2
T0101
Z2
F0.3
Z2
S100
M3
M8
Z-274.8
I133
K-269.8
O70

MTS GmbH 1997
ap an cac bai kiem tra kien thc
ap an bai tap trang 164

TT
N30
N35
G96
M on nh van toc cat
S140
Van toc cat
M4
M truc chnh quay trai
G92
Gii han so vong quay
S3000
So vong quay 1/ph
G0
Chay dao nhanh
X20
X-Toa o ch
Z2
Z- Toa o ch
M8
M nc lam mat
G1
Noi suy ng thang co bc tien
X20
X- Toa o ch
Z0
Z- Toa o ch
G42
Hieu chnh ban knh li cat ben phai ng bien dang
G3
X28
X- Toa o ch
Z-4
Z- Toa o ch
I0
Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc X
K-4
Khoang cach tam cung tron ti iem xuat phat theo truc Z
G1
Z-28
Z- Toa o ch
G2
X34
X- Toa o ch
Z-31
K0
N40
N45
N50
o
.c
c
c
n
Z- Toa o ch
I3
Chon dung cu so 4
N25
T0404
tr
i
N20
O0300 Ten chng trnh
N15
O 0300
.l
a
N10
Y ngha
w
w
N05
Lenh
G1
X38
X- Toa o ch
Z-33
Z- Toa o ch
G1
Z-53
Z- Toa o ch
G1
X44
X- Toa o ch
Trung tam ao tao Viet-c, Nguyen Anh Tuan; 03.01

MTS GmbH 1997

TT
Y ngha
X50
X- Toa o ch
Z-56
Z- Toa o ch
I0
K-3
G1
Z-64
Z- Toa o ch
G2
X62
X- Toa o ch
Z-70
Z- Toa o ch
I6
K0
G1
X66
X- Toa o ch
G1
X71
X- Toa o ch
Z-72
Z- Toa o ch
G1
X76
X- Toa o ch
N85
G40
Huy hieu chnh ban knh li cat
N90
G0
Chay dao nhanh
X200
X- Toa o ch
Z200
Z- Toa o ch
M5
Tat truc chnh
M9
Tat nc lam mat
M30
o
.c
c
c
n
Ket thuc chng trnh
N95
N80
N75
tr
i
N70
N65
.l
a
N60
G3
w
w
N55
Lenh

MTS GmbH 1997
ap an bai tap trang 166

Lenh
Y ngha
Ten chng trnh
G54
at iem 0 tuyet oi
X+145.000
X- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi
Y+090.000
Y- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi
Z+114.000
Z- Toa o iem 0 tuyet oi
T0101
Chon dung cu cat so 1
M03
M truc chnh quay phai
S1600
So vong quay
G00
Chay dao nhanh
X-030.000
X- Toa o ch
Y-030.000
Y- Toa o ch
Z-006.000
Z- Toa o ch
M08
M nc lam mat
G41
Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay ben trai ng bien dang
G47
Vao cat theo bien dang cung tron 1/4
A+022.000
Ban knh cung tron 1/4
G01
X+010.000
X- Toa o ch
Y-002.000
Y- Toa o ch
F250.000
Lng tien dao mm/ph
N35
Y+082.000
Y- Toa o ch
N40
G02
X+018.000
X- Toa o ch
Y+090.000
Y- Toa o ch
B+008.000
Ban knh
G01
X+082.000
X- Toa o ch
G02
X+090.000
X- Toa o ch
Y+082.000
Y- Toa o ch
B+008.000
Ban knh
G01
Y+018.000
Y- Toa o ch
o
.c
c
c
n
w
w
N30
N20
tr
i
N15
N10
.l
a
N05
FX100
TT
N45
N50
N55

MTS GmbH 1997
N85
B+008.000
Ban knh
G01
X+018.000
X- Toa o ch
G02
X+010.000
X- Toa o ch
Y+018.000
Y- Toa o ch
B+008.000
Ban knh
G03
X-010.000
X- Toa o ch
Y+048.000
Y- Toa o ch
B+030.000
Ban knh
G40
Huy hieu chnh ban knh dao phay
G47
thoat dao theo bien dang cung tron 1/4
A+022.000
Ban knh cung tron 1/4
G00
Chay dao nhanh
Z+100.000
Z- Toa o ch
M05
Tat truc chnh
M09
Tat nc lam mat
M30
Ket thuc chng trnh
Y- Toa o ch
.c
Y+010.000
w
w
N90
X- Toa o ch
c
n
N80
X+082.000
N75
N70
G02
tr
i
N65
Y ngha
N60
Lenh
.l
a
TT

MTS GmbH 1997
ap an kiem tra CNC can ban
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
c
n
.c
1. - May cong cu CNC rat t van hanh bang tay, ma c lap trnh. Chung lam viec t ong vi cac
chng trnh NC.
- May cong cu CNC co cac truc truyen ong ieu chnh c
- May cong cu CNC co he thong o cho moi truc dch chuyen
2. - Tat ca cac thong tin can thiet e gia cong chi tiet c cho di dang cac ma lenh
- May tnh cai san he ieu khien CNC ieu khien cac chc nang va ieu chnh cac chuyen ong
3. - May cong cu CNC co van toc cat cao
- May cong cu CNC gia cong chi tiet co chat lng nh nhau
- May cong cu CNC gia cong chi tiet co o chnh xac cao
- gia cong chi tiet thc hien thi gian gia cong ngan
4. - Cac truc bc tien phai ieu chnh c, do vay dung cu luon c a ti v tr chnh xac nh
mong muon
5. - ong c
- Li hp c kh chong lai s qua tai cung nh ieu khien bang ien
- Vt me bi e truyen lc khong co khe h
- Cam bien o nh la he thong o hanh trnh
- Khuech ai cong suat vi cac thiet b giao tiep so hoac tng t e ieu khien CNC
6. - Toi thieu co hai truc
7. - Truc X (Truc theo chieu ngang)
- Truc Z (Truc theo chieu doc)
8. - Toi thieu co ba truc.
9. - Truc X
- Truc Y
- Truc Z
10. - Truc C (Truc chnh) ieu khien c tren may tien CNC
- Truc xoay C cua mam xoay tren may phay CNC
11. - Dung cu linh hoat cat co the thc hien cong viec phay va khoan tren may tien CNC
12. - Gia cong cac chi tiet tron xoay co the thc hien tren may phay CNC thong qua mam xoay
- Chi tiet co the c gia cong nhieu pha
13. - Tao ieu kien chuyen ong khong co khe h cua cac truc bc tien
- Hai na cua ai oc bi c kep lai vi nhau. Lc c truyen gia ai oc va vt me thong qua
b nen t ma sat
14. - Trng hp o v tr trc tiep la v tr c o trc tiep tren ban may
- Trng hp o v tr gian tiep la v tr c xac nh t chuyen ong quay cua truc
15. - Trng hp o v tr tuyet oi la v tr co the c xac nh trc tiep tren thc o
- Trng hp o v tr tng oi la cac chuyen ong c cong don. Do vay v tr luon luon phai
c tnh toan
16. - e gi on nh van toc cat
- Cho qua trnh chay va thang (Phanh) c kiem tra
17. - au revolve
- O cha dao vi thiet b thay dao
18. - O cha dao dang xch
- O cha dao dang dai
- O cha dao dang vong
- O cha dao dang a
- O cha dao dang hop
ap an kiem tra C s hnh hoc

MTS GmbH 1997

1. - TIEN:
+X
+Z
2. - PHAY:
Y
.c
3. - Neu iem c o bi mot goc va khoang cach cua no ti goc toa o. V du: Vong lo
c
n
4. - ieu khien iem

- ieu khien oan
5. - ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat X/Y
- ieu khien ng
tr
i
- ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat X/Z
- ieu khien ng 2 D tren be mat Y/Z
.l
a
6. - ieu khien ng 2 D, tat ca 3 truc co the c dch chuyen rieng, tuy nhien ch 2 truc
dch chuyen ong thi. Bi vay ngi ta phai chon trc be mat tng ng e dao dch chuyen
tren be mat nay
7. - iem 0 cua may (M) la iem goc cua he toa o may
w
w
- iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) la iem goc cua he toa o lien quan ti chi tiet. No c at sao cho
co the s dung trc tiep cac kch thc cho trong ba ve
- iem tham chieu (R) c s dung trong trng hp may vi he thong o hanh trnh tng
oi, e thong bao mot lan v tr tuyet oi cho he ieu khien
- iem chuan cua dung cu cat (E) lam nhiem vu e o cac dung cu c s dung
8. - iem 0 cua chi tiet (W) can nam sao cho cac kch thc cua ban ve co the dung trc tiep e
lap trnh
- Trng hp tien tam truc chnh va thng la mat au cua chi tiet
- Trng hp phay thng la be mat goc tren pha ngoai ben trai cua chi tiet
9. - Khong t tch luy dung sai kch thc
- Tng kch thc sai khong dan ti sai tiep theo
- Trng hp chi tiet tien th cac gia tr ng knh co the cho trc tiep la gia tr X
10. - Khi iem c o tng oi
- Khi gia cong cung bien dang hoac cac hnh khoan cung nh cac ranh
MTS GmbH 1997
15
20
30
20
15
11.
15
20
30
20
15
12. - ieu khien mach h - ieu khien mach kn!
- ieu khien mach h may b anh hng khong co s kiem tra. Nhng anh hng ben trong
va ben ngoai dan ti cac sai lech so vi gia tr can mong muon
- ieu khien mach kn cac sai lech nay c hieu chnh, bang cach o cac gia tr thc va can
oi vi cac gia tr mong muon bi mach ieu khien kn
.c
13. - V du ve ieu khien mach kn:
c
n
V tr mong muon (Gia tr can) khi dung cu dch chuyen c chuyen giao cho mach ieu khien
kn. He thong o hanh trnh o v tr thc te va trao gia tr nay (Gia tr thc) cho mach ieu khien
kn. Khi xay ra sai lech gia 2 gia tr nay, ngay ca do nhng anh hng ben trong va ben ngoai
(Cac ai lng nhieu) th mot chuyen ong dch chuyen tng ng c tao ra ti khi at c
v tr mong muon (Gia tr can)
- Ban knh R cua dao phay
tr
i
15. - Chieu dai L cua dao phay
14. - V dao phay co the c s dung vi cac ng knh khac nhau. Neu ch chu y ti quy ao
tam dao th se hnh thanh sai lech kch thc
.l
a
16. - Khi cac chuyen ong dch chuyen khong song song vi cac truc X hoac Z se suat hien sai
lech kch thc
17. - Chieu dai L cua dao tien
w
w
- Chieu ngang Q
- Ban knh mui dao R
18. - Qua o he ieu khien co the tnh toan ban knh mui dao theo ung hng
19. - o vi thiet b o hieu chnh dao
- o vi dung cu chuan
- o trc tiep bi gia cong th mot chi tiet
- o bang knh quang hoc tren may cong cu CNC
ap an kiem tra C s cong nghe

MTS GmbH 1997

1.
- O ga
- Can dao
- Manh li cat
2.
- Ngc lai vi thep gio, van toc cat cao va tuoi ben cao
- Manh li cat thay oi n gian va nhanh
3.
- P (Xanh) cho vat lieu cat ra phoi day

- M (Vang) cho vat lieu kho cat
- K (o) cho vat lieu cat ra phoi ri (Vun)
- Goc sau anh hng ti ma sat tren chi tiet do vay tang nhiet cat
5.
- Goc trc ln th viec tach phoi se de dang hn
4.
6.
.c
- Goc trc ln th lc cat se nho hn

- Goc trc ln th se tang kha nang me dao
c
n
- Goc trc ln th tang kha nang mon dao

- Khi cat vat lieu cng va ron oi hoi goc trc am
8.
- Goc nghieng anh hng ti lc tien dao, no chong lai chi tiet, chieu sau va chieu rong cat
9.
v c = *d * n
hoac
vc
*d
n=
120m
t 0,08m
* Phu
min*
w
w
.l
a
n=
tr
i
7.
n = 477 v/ph
vc = * d * n
10.
vc = * 0,25 m 100 1Phu

mint
Vc = 78 m/ph
11. - Xac nh chnh xac v tr cua chi tiet

- Kep chat chi tiet

MTS GmbH 1997

12. - Mam cap thanh nem
- Mam cap a xoan oc
Co the:
Mam cap 2 chau

Mam cap 3 chau
Mam cap 4 chau
13. - Cac chi tiet ln

- Cac chi tiet co dang phc tap
14. - Khi kep cac chi tiet dai va manh
15. - Tao lc bang c kh
- Tao lc bang kh nen
.c
- Tao lc bang thuy lc

- Tao lc bang ien
c
n
16. - Kep vi cac mo-dul kep

- E-to
- o ga
tr
i
w
w
.l
a
- Kep chnh xac chi tiet
17. - Thay oi nhanh chi tiet
ap an kiem tra C s lap trnh NC

MTS GmbH 1997

1. Cac bc nguyen tat lap trnh thu cong la lap trnh vien phai t xac nh cac d lieu can thiet
cho chng trnh NC! Cac bc nh sau:
1. Khang nh cac bc gia cong
2. Xac nh cac dung cu can thiet
3. Tnh toan cac d lieu cong nghe
4. Tnh toan cac d lieu hnh hoc chi tiet
5. Thiet lap chng trnh NC
6. Kiem tra chng trnh NC
2. Trnh t cong viec cha ng cac bc gia cong, thiet b kep va d lieu cong nghe, chung c
xac nh vi s ho tr cua ban ve che tao
3. Cac thong tin phu tr la cac lenh e ong m cac chc nang cua may CNC v du:
Quay truc chnh
Nc trn nguoi
Thay oi dao
4. Xem bang cac ma lenh chng trnh NC cua cac he ieu khien NC khac nhau (Trang 163)
6. Cau lenh NC hnh thanh bi so th t cau lenh va cac t lenh
.c
5. Chng trnh NC hnh thanh bi dau bat au (v du: %), lenh ket thuc (v du:M30) va mot trnh
t cac cau lenh NC
tr
i
Lng chay (Tien) dao

So vong quay
V tr dung cu trong o cha dao hoac au revolve
Cac chc nang phu tr hoac m tat mach
Toa o ch theo hng X
Toa o ch theo hng Y
Toa o ch theo hng Z
8. F
S
T
M
X
Y
Z
c
n
7. Mot t lenh hnh thanh bi cac k t a ch va ch so vi dau dng hoac am
.l
a
9. a) Chay ti ng knh 53mm va toa o ch Z 184.005.

b) Chay tng oi ti v tr dung cu tc thi theo hng X +53mm va hng Z +184.005
w
w
10. Cac a ch I, J, K la cac tham so noi suy va cho biet cac toa o tam tng oi lien quan ti
iem xuat phat cua chuyen ong tron khi lap trnh cac chuyen ong tron
11. Noi suy cung cung chieu kim ong ho: G02
M nc trn nguoi: M8
Goi hng quay phai: M3
12. Van toc cat khong oi c s dung e tien nh hnh va tien mat au. Qua o se at c mot
chat lng be mat ong eu, v so vong quay luon phu hp vi ng knh thay oi
13. Bi lenh G96 vi so vong quay ban au S
V du: G96 S2000
14. G01 G95 X100 Z-5 F0.25 S600 T0101
Chay gia cong thang vi lng chay dao 0.25 mm/vong va vi dung cu cat so 01 co lu y ti gia
tr hieu chnh dung cu trong bo nh so 01 ti toa o X100 (ng knh) va Z-5

MTS GmbH 1997

15. G02 G96 X30 Z-30 I15 K-15 F0.2 S180
Chay gia cong cung cung chieu kim ong ho vi lng chay dao 0.2 mm/vong va vi van toc
cat khong oi ti toa o ch X+30 va Z-30. Tam cua cung tron nam cach tng oi so vi iem
xuat phat 15mm theo hng +X va 15mm theo hng -Z
16. N5
G90
G96
T0101 S100 M3
M8
Goi lap trnh tuyet oi, van toc cat khong oi 100m/ph cua dung cu cat so 01 vi gia tr hieu
chnh trong bo nh hieu chnh 01. Truc chnh quay phai va m nc trn nguoi.
N10
G0
X133 Z2
Dung cu chay nhanh ti iem ch X133 va Z2
N20
G1
Z-395 F0.3
Dung cu chay gia cong thang vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem ch X133 va Z-395
N30
G0
X135 Z2
.c
N40
X123
N50
G1
Z-269.8
Dung cu chay gia cong thang vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem ch X123 va Z-269.8
c
n
N60
G2
X133 Z-274.8
I5
K0
Dung cu chay gia cong cung cung chieu kim ong ho vi lng tien dao 0.3mm/vong ti iem
ch X133 va Z-274.8. Tam cua cung nam cach iem xuat phat 5mm theo hng X dng (Kch
thc tng oi)
w
w
.l
a
tr
i
N70
G0
Z2

MTS GmbH 1997
TEN CAC LOAI DAO PHAY

SCHAFTFRAESER
DE:
GEWINDEBOHRER
EN:
SIDEMILL
EN:
TAP
VI:
DAO PHAY NGON (CO LOI)
VI:
TARO
DE:
BOHRNUTENFRAESER
DE:
BOHRER
EN:
SLOT MILLING TOOL
EN:
DRILL
VI:
DAO PHAY NGON (KHONG LOI)
VI:
LI KHOAN
DE:
T-NUTENFRAESER
DE:
WENDEPLATTENBOHRER
EN:
T-SLOT MILL
EN:
REVERSIBLE TIP DRILL
VI:
DAO PHAY RANH T
VI:
LI KHOAN HP KIM
DE:
WALZENSTIRNFRAESER
DE:
STUFENBOHRER
EN:
SHELL END MILL
EN:
STEP DRILL
VI:
DAO PHAY LNG TRU
VI:
DE:
PLANMESSERKOPFFRAESER
EN:
FACE END MILL
VI:
DAO PHAY RANG CHAP
DE:
RADIUSFRAESER
EN:
RADIUS CUTTER
VI:
DAO PHAY 3D (AU TRON)
DE:
EN:
.c
DE:
c
n
LI KHOAN BAC
DE:
SENKER
CORE DRILL
VI:
LI KHOAN NH TAM
DE:
KONKAVFRAESER
EN:
CONCAVE PROF. CUTTER
VI:
DAO PHAY CUNG TRON LOI
WINKELFRAESER FORM A
V-NUTFRAESER
ANGULAR CUTTER TYP A
EN:
V-SLOT CUTTER
w
w
DE:
VI:
.l
a
tr
i
EN:
DAO PHAY GOC DANG A
VI:
DAO PHAY RANH V
DE:
WINKELFRAESER FORM B
DE:
NUTFRAESER
EN:
CORNER TOOL TYPE B
EN:
SLOT CUTTER
VI:
DAO PHAY GOC DANG B
VI:
DAO PHAY MAT AU
DE:
REIBAHLE
EN:
REAMER
VI:
LI DOA

MTS GmbH 1997

Giao Trinh Su Dung CNC Hoan Chinh

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TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.

D an hp tac vi cong ti phan mem Toan Ky Thuat MTS,

NGUYEN ANH TUAN

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh 04.2001

CHAN THANH CAM N

TP. Ho Ch Minh, thang 04 nam 2001

NGUYEN ANH TUAN

Chan thanh cam n cac Thay Co!

NGUYEN ANH TUAN

- NR: 17 ng Cay Keo, KP.1, F. Tam Phu, Q. Thu c, TP. HCM

- CQ: Trung Tam ao Tao Viet c Trng ai Hoc S Pham K Thuat

1.1 Lch s phat trien k thuat CNC

1.3 ac iem cau truc may cong cu CNC hien ai

He thong o hanh trnh

Truyen ong chnh va cac truc cong tac

Cac truc bc tien va truc xoay ieu khien c

Thiet b ga va thay dung cu cat

An toan lao ong ben may CNC

2 C s hnh hoc cho gia cong CNC

Cac dang he toa o

Cac truc xoay va truc bc tien tren may cong cu CNC

nh ngha he toa o lien quan ti may va chi tiet

V tr va k hieu cac truc NC

Ghi kch thc ung NC

Luyen tap xng

2.2 Tnh toan NC

Cac hng dch chuyen tren may cong cu CNC

C s tnh toan cac toa o

Cac ham so goc

Tam giac vuong

Cac ham so lng giac

Tnh toan cac toa o NC

2.3 Cac iem chuan va iem 0 tren may CNC

Cac dang iem chuan va iem 0

at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may tien CNC

at iem 0 cho chi tiet (W) tren may phay CNC

2.4 ieu khien so tren may cong cu CNC

ieu khien mach h va mach kn (ieu khien chuoi va tuan hoan)

ieu khien CNC

Cau truc va chc nang

Cac dang ieu khien CNC

Van hanh DNC

ac trng cua van hanh DNC

Nhap va s l d lieu trong van hanh DNC

u iem cua van hanh DNC

2.5 Hieu chnh dung cu cho gia cong CNC

Y ngha va muc ch cua viec hieu chnh dung cu

Hieu chnh ban knh dung cu cat

Hieu chnh ban knh dao phay

Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao tien

Cac bc o va hieu chnh dung cu

Cau truc va chc nang cua thiet b hieu chnh dung cu

o va hieu chnh dung cu vi vi ho tr cua may CNC

o dung cu trc tiep tren may tien CNC

2.6 He thong o hanh trnh

Phng phap o hanh trnh

Bc tien, ieu khien va ieu chnh v tr cac truc NC

3 C s cong nghe gia cong CNC

Kiem tra kien thc: C s hnh hoc

3.1 He thong dung cu CNC cho tien va phay

Li cat manh hp kim cng

Cac dang dao tien va k hieu ISO

Vat lieu li cat