Mo Hinh Tram PLC S7-300 Dieu Khien Bien Tan

ti: M hnh trm PLC S7-300 iu khin bin tn Tc gi: V Vn Phng
www.bientan.hnsv.com

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ti:
M HNH TRM PLC S7-300 IU KHIN BIN TN


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LI NI U
Trong qu trnh cng nghip ho hin i t nc lnh vc khoa hc k thut
ng vai tr ht sc quan trng. Trong lnh vc in -in T gp phn rt
ng k t nhng thit b dn dng n cc dy chuyn cng ngh t ng ha
nhm nng cao nng sut gim bt lao ng chn tay, vn lc hu khi t nc
ta l thnh vin ca t chc thng mi th gii.
Lnh vc t ng ha i vo hu ht cc nh my x nghip thay th dn
nhng c my mc lc hu, thay th con ngi lm vic trong nhng lnh vc nguy
him. c bit hn na vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin mang n
nhiu li ch to ln v thit thc hn. Kt hp vi t ng ha gip con ngi iu
khin v gim st c cc qu trnh cng ngh tham gia trc tip iu khin i
tng. khng nhng trong phm vi thu nh m trn c din rng. Gp phn lm
gim chi ph sn sut, qun l sn xut d dng, theo di qu trnh n gin nng
cao nng sut lao ng, hiu qu sn xut .
Vi nhng ng dng thit thc nh vy nn em chn ti Xy dng m hnh
iu khin gim st trm PLC iu khin bin tn. ti ny l c hi p dng
nhng kin thc c s t trong nh trng vo m hnh thc t thu nh.

Tc gi :
V Vn Phng

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Chng 1 Tng quan v mng truyn thng PLC 300
1.1 Mt s mng truyn thng trong cng nghip dng cho S7-300
1.1.1 Modbus
Modbus l giao thc do hng Modicon pht trin. Theo m hnh ISO/OSI th
Modbus thc cht l mt chun giao thc v dch v thuc lp ng dng, v vy c
th c thc hin trn cc c ch vn chuyn cp thp nh TCP/IP, MAP
(Manufactoring Message Protocol), v ngay c qua ng truyn ni tip RS-232.
Modbus nh ngha mt tp hp rng cc dch v phc v trao i d liu qu
trnh, d liu iu khin v chn on. Tt c cc b iu khin ca Modicon u
s dng Modbus l ngn ng chung. Modbus m t qu trnh giao tip gia mt b
iu khin vi cc thit b khc thng qua c ch yu cu/p ng. V l do n
gin nn Modbus c nh hng tng i mnh i vi cc h PLC ca cc nh
sn xut. C th , trong mi PLC ngi ta cng c th tm thy mt tp hp con cc
dch v c a ra trong Modbus. c bit trong cc h thng thu thp d liu
v iu khin gim st, Modbus hay c s dng trn cc ng truyn RS-232
ghp ni gia cc thit b d liu u cui (PLC, PC,...) vi thit b truyn d liu
(Modem).
C ch giao tip
C ch giao tip Modbus ph thuc vo h thng truyn thng cp thp. C th,
c th phn chia ra hai loi mng l Modbus chun v Modbus trn cc mng khc
(v d TCP/IP, Modbus Plus, MAP)
a.Mng Modbus chun
Cc cng Modbus chun trn cc b iu khin ca Modicon cng nh mt s nh
sn xut khc s dng giao din ni tip RS-232. Cc b iu khin c th c
ni mng trc tip hoc qua modem. Cc trm Modbus giao tip vi nhau qua c
ch ch/ t (Master/Slave), trong ch mt thit b c th ch ng gi yu cu,

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cn li cc thit b t s p ng bng d liu tr li hoc thc hin mt hnh ng
nht nh theo nh yu cu. Cc thit b ch thng thng l cc my tnh iu
khin trung tm v cc thit b lp trnh, trong khi cc thit b t c th l PLC hoc
cc b iu khin s chuyn dng khc. Mt trm ch c th gi thng bo yu cu
ti ring mt trm t nht nh hoc gi thng bo ng lot ti tt c cc trm t.
Ch trong trng hp nhn c yu cu ring, cc trm t mi gi thng bo p
ng tr li trm ch. Trong mt thng bo yu cu c cha a ch trm nhn, m
hm dch v bn nhn cn thc hin, d liu i km v thng tin kim li.
b. Modbus trn cc mng khc
Vi mt s mng nh Modbus Plus v MAP s dng Modbus l giao thc cho lp
ng dng, cc thit b c th giao tip theo c ch ring ca mng , mi b iu
khin c th ng vai tr l ch hoc t trong cc ln giao dch khc nhau.
Nhn nhn mc giao tip thng bo, giao thc Modbus vn tun theo nguyn tc
ch/ t mc d phng php giao tip mng cp thp c th l tay i. Khi mt b
iu khin gi mt yu cu thng bo th n ng vai tr l ch v ch i p ng
t thit b t. Ngc li, mt b iu khin s ng vai tr l t nu n nhn thng
bo yu cu t mt trm khc v phi gi tr li p ng.
c. Chu trnh yu cu p ng
Giao thc Modbus nh ngha khun dng ca thng bo yu cu cng nh ca
thng bo p ng, nh minh ha trn hnh v.
Mt thng bo yu cu gm cc phn sau :
a ch trm nhn yu cu (0-247), trong 0 l a ch gi ng lot.
M hm gi ch th hnh ng trm t cn thc hin theo yu cu. V d,
m hm 03 yu cu trm t c ni dung cc thanh ghi lu gi v tr li
kt qu.

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D liu cha cc thng tin b sung m trm t cn cho vic thc hin hm
c gi. Trong trng hp c thanh ghi, d liu ny ch r thanh ghi u
tin v s lng cc thanh ghi cn c.
Thng tin kim li gip trm t kim tra ni dung thng bo nhn c.
Thng bo p ng cng bao gm cc thnh phn ging nh thng bo yu cu.
a ch y l a ch ca chnh trm t thc hin yu cu v gi li p ng.
Trong trng hp bnh thng, m hm c gi nguyn nh trong thng bo yu
cu v d liu cha kt qu thc hin hnh ng, v d ni dung hoc trng thi cc
thanh ghi. Nu xy ra li, m hm quay li c sa ch th p ng l mt
thng bo li, cn d liu m t chi tit li xy ra. Phn kim li gip trm ch
xc nh chnh xc ca ni dung thng bo nhn c.
Ch truyn
Ch ASCI
Khi cc thit b trong mt mng Modbus chun giao tip vi ch ASCII, mi
byte trong thng bo c gi thnh hai k t ASCII 7 bit, trong mi k t biu
din mt ch s Hex. u im ca ch truyn ny l n cho php mt khong
thi gian trng ti a mt giy gia hai k t m khng gy ra li. Cu trc mt k
t khung gi i c th hin nh sau :
Mi k t khung bao gm :
1 bit khi u (Start bit)
7 bit biu din mt ch s hex ca byte cn gi di dng k t ASCII (0-9
v A-F), trong bit thp nht c gi i trc.
1 bit parity chn/l, nu s dng parity
1 bit kt thc (Stop bit) nu s dng parity hoc 2 bit kt thc nu khng s
dng parity.
Ch RTU

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Khi cc thit b trong mt mng Modbus chun c t ch RTU (Remote
Terminal Unit), mi byte trong thng bo c gi thnh mt k t 8 bit. u im
chnh ca ch truyn ny so vi ch ASCII l hiu sut cao hn. Tuy nhin ,
mi thng bo phi c truyn thnh mt dng lin tc. Cu trc mt k t khung
gi i c th hin nh sau
Mi k t khung bao gm :
1 bit khi u (Start bit)
8 bit ca byte thng bo cn gi, trong bit thp nht c gi i trc
1 bit parity chn /l, nu s dng parity
1 bit kt thc (Stop bit) nu s dng parity hoc 2 bit kt thc nu khng s
dng parity
1.1.2 Mng Ethernet cng nghip
IE (Industrial Ethernet) mng Ethernet cng nghip l mng phc v cho cp qun
l v cp phn xng thc hin truyn thng gia my tnh v cc h thng t
ng ho. N phc v cho vic trao i mt lng thng tin ln, truyn thng trn
mt phm vi rng. Cc b x l truyn thng dng trong mng lun kim tra xem
ng dn c b chim dng khng. Nu khng th mt trm no trong mng c
th gi in tn i, khi xy ra xung t trn mng v c hai trm gi th ngng ngay
li v qu trnh gi in tn c thc hin li sau mt thi gian nht nh, thi
gian ny c xc nh theo lut ton hc ngu nhin.
Mng Ethernet cng nghip c nhng tnh cht c trng sau:
Mng Ethernet cng nghip s dng th tc truyn thng ISO v
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
Theo phng php thm nhp ng dn chn (CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detecion) th cc thnh
vin trong mng Ethernet cng nghip u bnh ng vi nhau.

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Theo tiu chun truyn thng ISO v ISO on TCP th cc trm khng
phi ca SIEMENS cng c kh nng tch hp vo mng, ni mt
cch khc Ethernet cng nghip l mng truyn thng m.
Cc thng s ca mng Ethernet cng nghip:
Chun truyn thng : IEEE 802.3
S lng trm : Max 1024 trm
Phng php thm nhp ng dn : CSMA /CD (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
Mi trng truyn thng :
Dy dn :
+Cp ng trc
+ Cp i dy xon
- Cp quang : Cp thu tinh hoc cht do
- Kiu ni : ng thng, cy, hnh sao v vng trn
- Dch v truyn thng : S7-FunctionISO-TransportISO-on-TCP

Hnh 1.1 m hnh mng ETHERNET

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1.1.3 Mng AS-i
AS-i (Actuator Sensor Interface) giao din cm bin c cu chp hnh, mng ch
c mt ch duy nht. Phng php thm nhp ng dn l phng php Master
Slave, mt phng php hon ton ti u cho nhng mng ch c duy nht mt
thit b l ch. AS-i s c cu trc tht l n gin nu nh cc c cu chp hnh v
cc cm bin u l cc thit b kiu s (Digital Input/Digital Output DI/DO), khi
thit b kiu analog phi s dng cc b chuyn i tn hiu chun ca SIEMENS.
Trong mng ch c trm ch c quyn iu khin qu trnh trao i thng tin. Trm
ch (Master) gi tun t tng trm t (Slave) ti mt v i hi cc trm ny gi
d liu ln trn trm ch hoc nhn d liu t trm ch.
Nhng tnh cht c trng ca AS-i:
- AS-i l mng ti u cho cc thit b chp hnh v cm bin s. Qu trnh trao
i d liu c thc hin thng qua ng dn t c cu chp hnh/cm
bin vi trm ch, ng dn ny ng thi l ng cung cp ngun cho
cc cm bin.
- AS-i c th ghp ni vi cc c cu chp hnh c kch thc 1 bit n 8 bit
theo tiu chun IP 65 v lin kt trc tip vi qu trnh. - Hot ng ca AS-i
khng cn thit lp cu hnh trc.
- Cc thng s k thut ca AS-i:
- Chun : AS-i theo chun IEC TG 178 S lng trm cho php: 1 Master v
max 31 Slave
- Phng php thm nhp ng dn : Master Slave
- Tc truyn: 167 Kbit/s
- Mi trng truyn thng: Dy dn thng khng bc
- Khong cch gia cc thit b trong mng : 300 m vi Repeater
- Kiu ni : ng thng, cy, sao
- Dch v truyn thng : AS-i Function

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Hnh 1.2 Mng AS-I
1.2 Gii thiu mng PROFIBUS
ProfiBus l mt h thng Bus trng chun m rng dng ni cc thit b
trng vi cc thit b iu khin v gim st. ProfiBus l mt thit b nhiu ch,
n cho php cc thit b iu khin t ng, cc trm k thut v hin th qu trnh
cng nh cc ph kin phn tn cng lm vic trn mt ng truyn chung l Bus.
ProfiBus thc hin chc nng ng dng hot ng theo chu k, c tin cy cao v
c kh nng p ng cao v tnh nng thi gian thc.
Mng PROFIBUS c cung cp theo ba chng loi tng thch nhau.
PROFIBUS DP (Distributed Peripheral) phc v cho vic trao i
thng tin nh nhng i hi tc truyn nhanh. PROFIBUS DP
c xy dng ti u cho vic kt ni cc thit b trng vi my tnh
iu khin. PROFIBUS DP pht trin nhm p ng yu cu cao v
tnh nng thi gian trong trao i d liu, gia cp iu khin cng
nh cc b PLC hoc cc my tnh cng nghip vi cc ngoi vi phn
tn cp trng nh cc thit b o, truyn ng v van. Vic trao i
ch yu c thc hin tun hon theo c ch Master/Slave. Vi s
trm ti a trong mt mng l 126, PROFIBUS DP cho php s
dng cu hnh mt trm ch (Mono Master) hoc nhiu trm ch

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(Multi Master). Mt c trng na ca PROFIBUS DP l tc
truyn cao, c th ln ti 12 Mbit/s.
PROFIBUS FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification) trao i lng
thng tin trung bnh gia cc thnh vin bnh ng vi nhau trong
mng. PROFIBUS FMS c dng ch yu cho vic ni mng cc
my tnh iu khin v gim st. Mng ny ch thc hin cc lp 1,
2, 7 theo m hnh quy chiu OSI. Do c im ca cc ng dng trn
cp iu khin v iu khin gim st, d liu ch yu c trao i
vi tnh cht khng nh k.
PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) c thit k ring cho nhng
khu vc nguy him. PROFIBUS PA l s m rng ca PROFIBUS
DP v phng php truyn dn an ton trong mi trng d chy n
theo chun IEC 61158-2. PROFIBUS PA l loi bus trng thch
hp cho cc h thng iu khin phn tn trong cc ngnh cng nghip
ho cht v ho du. Thit b chuyn i (DP/PA-Link) c s dng
tch hp ng mng PA vi mng PROFIBUS DP. iu ny m
bo cho ton b thng tin c th c truyn lin tc trn h thng
mng PROFIBUS bao gm c DP v PA

Hnh 1.3 mng Profibus

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ProfiBus l mt chun truyn thng trong cng nghip c s dng rt rng ri,
c hai loi thit b thng gp trong mng truyn thng ProfiBus c phn bit l
thit b ch (Master) v thit b t (Slave).
Thit b ch (Master) c kh nng kim sot truyn thng trn Bus, mt trm
ch c th gi thng tin khi n gi quyn truy nhp Bus. Trm ch cn c
gi l trm tch cc.
Thit b t (Slave) l cc thit b trng vo ra phn tn, cm bin v c cu
chp hnh. Chng khng c quyn truy nhp Bus m ch c php xc
nhn hoc tr li thng tin nhn c t trm ch khi c yu cu. Mt
trm t cn c gi l trm th ng.
Mt trm t thc hin t dch v hn, tc l x l giao thc n gin hn so
vi trm ch.

1.2.1 c Tnh C Bn
Truyn d liu tc cao khng phi l iu kin cho s dng thnh cng
mt h thng Bus. tha mn cc yu cu ca ngi dng th cc chc nng nh
iu khin n gin, kh nng chun on tt v k thut truyn chng nhiu cn
c p ng.
Cc chc nng chun on m rng ca DP cho php tm ra v tr li nhanh chng,
cc thng s chun on c truyn trn Bus v tp trung ti Master, cc thng s
ny c chia lm 3 cp:
Chun on cc trm lin quan.
Chun on cc modul lin quan.
Chun on cc knh lin quan.


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1.2.2 Cu Hnh H Thng V Dng Thit B
DP cho php s dng cu hnh mt trm ch (Monomaster) hoc nhiu trm ch
(Multimaster) vi s trm ti a trong mt on mng l 126 trm. Trong cu hnh
nhiu ch, tt c cc trm ch u c th c d liu u vo/ra ca cc trm t
nhng ch duy nht mt trm ch c quyn ghi d liu u ra.
Cc quy nh cho cu hnh h thng bao gm s lng trm, gn a ch cho cc
I/O phn tn, ng nht d liu I/O, dng thng bo chun on v thng s Bus s
dng.
Ty theo phm vi chc nng, kiu dch v thc hin ngi ta phn bit cc dng
dch v sau:
DP-Master cp 1 (DPM1), y l mt b iu khin trung tm trao i thng
tin vi cc trm phn tn (DP-Slave) theo mt chu k thng bo xc nh.
Cc thit b in hnh dng ny l cc b PLC, my CNC hoc iu khin
Robot.
DP-Master cp 2 (DPM2), cc thit b thuc dng ny l cc thit b lp
trnh, thit b cu hnh hoc thit b chun on. Cc thit b ny c s
dng trong qu trnh khi ng to ra cu hnh cho h thng DP.
DP-Slave, mt DP-Slave l mt thit b I/O (Sensor-Actuator) c vo cc
thng tin t Input hoc a ra thng tin ng ra ti qu trnh x l. Lng
thng tin ng vo hoc ng ra ph thuc vo thit b.
H thng Mono-Master, cu hnh h thng ny ch c duy nht mt Master v l
h thng c thi gian chu k ngn nht.

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Hnh 1.4 Cu hnh mng ProfiBus-DP Mono-Master.
H thng Multi-Master
h thng ny c nhiu Master, chng hn nh cc thit b cu hnh, cc thit b
chun on hoc mt s h thng con (subsystem) ph thuc ln nhau trn mt
Bus.

Hnh 1.5 Cu hnh mng ProfiBus-DP Multi-Master.
Vic t cu hnh h thng c thc hin bng phn mm, thng thng mt
cng c cu hnh cho php ngi s dng b sung v tham s ha nhiu loi thit
b ca cng mt nh sn xut mt cch tng i n gin bi cc thng tin tnh
nng cn thit ca cc thit b ny c a vo c s d liu ca cng c cu
hnh.

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1.2.3 Cu trc mng (TOPOLOGY)
Topology l cu trc lin kt ca mt mng hay ni cch khc chnh l tng hp
ca cc lin kt. Topology c th hiu l cch sp xp, t chc v mt vt l ca
mng nhng cng c th l cch sp xp logic ca cc nt mng, cch t chc logic
cc mi lin kt gia cc nt mng.
C th phn bit cc dng cu trc c bn l Bus, mch vng tch cc v hnh
sao. Mt s cu trc phc tp hn nh cu trc cy u c th xy dng trn c s
phi hp ba cu trc c s ny.
Trong cng nghip ngi ta phn cu trc mng Profibus ra lm nhiu dng cu
trc theo cch sp xp cc thit b trn mt Bus, gm cc cu trc nh sau:
Cu trc Bus.
Cu trc mch vng tch cc.
Cu trc hnh sao.
Cu trc cy.
a, Cu Trc Bus
Trong cu trc ny, tt c cc thnh vin trong mng u c ni trc tip vi
mt ng dn chung. c im c bn ca cu trc Bus l vic s dng chung
mt ng dn lm cho tit kim c gi thnh v cng lp t. C ba loi cu
hnh kiu Bus l Daisy-chain, Trunk-line/Drop-line v mch vng khng tch cc.
Vi cu hnh dng Daisy-chain, mi trm c ni trc tip vi nhau ti giao im
ca hai on dy dn, khng qua mt on ni ph no:

Hnh 1.6 Kiu Daisy-chain.

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Cn trong cu hnh Trunk-line/Drop-line mi trm c ni vi nhau qua mt
ng nhnh (drop-line) qua ng trc (Trunk-line):

Hnh 1.7 Kiu Trunk-line/Drop-line.
V mch vng khng tch cc l mt cu hnh m ng truyn lin kt gia cc
thit b trong mch c khp kn:

Hnh 1.8 Kiu mch vng khng tch cc.
u im ca loi cu trc Bus l tit kim c dy dn, lp t thi cng n
gin, d thc hin,. V vy, cu trc Bus c s dng rng ri trong mng cng
nghip.
Nguyn tc truyn thng l ti mt thi im nht nh ch c mt thnh vin trong
mng c gi tn hiu, cn cc thnh vin khc ch c quyn nhn.
Bn cnh nhng u im trn cu trc Bus c nhng nhc im khi s dng
chung ng truyn l:
Phi phn chia thi gian s dng Bus hp l.

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Mt tn hiu gi i c th n nhiu trm khc nhau khng kim sot c
nn cn phi gn a ch cho tng trm c th.
S trm trong mt on mng b hn ch, mun m rng mng phi dng
thm cc b lp.
Vic s dng hai tr u cui thng lm cho ti ca h thng tng ln.
Trong trng hp ng dn b t hoc do ngn mch trong phn kt ni
Bus ca mt trm b hng u dn n ngng hot ng ca c h thng.
Vic nh v li gp nhiu kh khn.
b, Cu Trc Mch Vng Tch Cc
Cu trc mch vng tch cc l cu trc m cc trm trong cng mt mng c
ni tun t t im ny n im kia to thnh mt mch vng khp kn gia cc
trm.
iu lm cho mi thnh vin trong mng u tham gia tch cc vic kim sot
dng tn hiu trn ng truyn. Trong cu trc ny, mi trm c nhn tn hiu
truyn t trm trc n v chuyn sang mt trm k sau n. Qu trnh truyn tn
hiu theo mt chiu c tip tc cho n khi tn hiu c truyn quay v trm gi
ban u, khi tn hiu s b hy b. Cu trc mch vng tch cc c chia lm
hai dng:
Dng mch vng c iu khin trung tm, mt trm ch s kim sot vic
truy nhp ng dn ca mng :

Hnh 1.9 Mch vng tch cc c iu khin trung tm.

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Dng mch vng khng c iu khin trung tm, cc trm u bnh ng nh
nhau trong vic gi v nhn d liu. Vic kim sot ng dn do cc trm
t m nhn v phn chia:

Hnh 1.10 Mch vng tch cc khng c iu khin trung tm.
u im ca cu trc ny l mi mt nt mng l mt b khuch i, nn khi
thit k mng theo kiu cu trc vng c th thc hin vi khong cch v s trm
ln. Mi trm c th va nhn v pht tn hiu cng mt lc. Vic lin kt im-
im p ng c yu cu s dng cc phng tin truyn tin hin i nh cp
quang, tia hng ngoi, truyn d liu. Cc kiu lin kt mch vng tch cc
th vic gn a ch cho cc thnh vin trong mng c th c thc hin bi mt
my ch mt cch t ng, cn c vo th t sp xp vt l ca cc trm trong
mch vng.
Mt u im khc ca cu trc mch vng l kh nng xc nh v tr xy ra s c
v c lp v tr cc trm khc vn lm vic bnh thng bng mt dy d
phng trong mng.
Gi s, mt dy chnh lin kt gia cc trm b t th cc trm ln cn vi im
xy ra s c s t pht hin li ng dy ri t ng chuyn qua ng dy ph
v tn hiu c i vng qua ng dy ph:

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Hnh 1.11 S c t dy gia hai trm.
Trong trng hp khc, khi mt trm b hng th hai trm ln cn s b ni tt:

Hnh 1.12 Ni tt hai trm ln cn ca trm b s c.
Kh nng x l li nh trn l nh vo mt thit b gi l thit b chuyn mch
(by-pass) t ng, khi b s c th b chuyn mch t ng pht hin v ngn mch
b qua thit b c ni qua n:

Hnh 1.13 S dng b chuyn mch khi thit b lm vic
bnh thng v lc s c
c, Cu Trc Hnh Sao

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Cu trc hnh sao l s dng mt trm trung tm lm nhim v truyn thng cho
c mng, cc trm khc c ni gin tip vi nhau qua trm trung tm. V vy,
trm trung tm c th l mt trm ch tch cc nu n kim sot ton b truyn
thng ca mng hoc ch l mt b chuyn mch thng thng.
S dng cu trc hnh sao c nhc im ln, l khi trm trung tm b s c
th cc thit b c ni vi n s khng hot ng truyn thng c. Chnh v th
m khi s dng cu trc hnh sao th trm trung tm phi c tin cy rt cao.

Hnh 1.14 Cu trc hnh sao

Mt nhc im na ca cu trc hnh sao l tn dy dn nu khong cch cc
trm trong mng nh hn khong cch t chng ti trm trung tm. Tuy nhin, vn
ny c th c khc phc bng phng php p dng k thut chuyn mch
trong mng. Trong nhiu trng hp mt mng cu trc hnh sao v mt vt l li
c cu trc logic nh mt h Bus bi cc trm c th t do lin lc nh khng c s
tn ti ca trm trung tm.
d, Cu Trc Cy
Cu trc cy khng phi l cu trc c bn m thc cht l s lin kt ca cc
mng con c cu trc Bus, hnh sao, mch vng,. Cu trc cy l qu trnh phn
chia ng trc ra cc ng nhnh bng cch s dng cc b ni tch cc hoc c
th tng s trm cng nh phm vi ca mng ng nht bng cc b lp. Trng

20
hp cc mng con khc loi th phi dng cc b lin kt khc nh: Bridge, Router,
Gateway,:

Hnh 1.15 M hnh cu trc cy
V th cu trc hnh cy l s phn cp ng dn.
1.2.4 Truy nhp BUS
Trong mt mng c cu trc, cc thnh vin phi chia nhau s dng ng
truyn. trnh s xung t v tn hiu gy ra sai lch v thng tin, mi thi
im trn mt ng dn ch duy nht mt tn hiu c php truyn i. V vy,
mch phi iu khin sao cho ti mt thi im nht nh th ch c mt thnh vin
trong mng c gi thng tin, cn s lng thnh vin nhn thng tin trong mng
th khng hn ch. Mt trong nhng vn quan trng hng u nh hng n
cht lng ca mi h thng Bus l phng php phn chia thi gian gi thng tin
trn ng dn hay cn gi l phng php truy nhp Bus.
Trong mng truyn thng cng nghip, cc h thng c cu trc dng Bus hay
cc h thng Bus c vai tr quan trng nht do m bo c nhng l do:
Lp t d dng.
Chi ph dy dn thp.
Lm vic linh hot.
Khong cch truyn va v nh.

21
i vi mt s cu trc khc dng Bus, xung t tn hiu vn c th xy ra, tuy
khng hin nhin nh h thng Bus. Nh vi cu trc mch vng, mi trm
khng phi bao gi cng c kh nng khng ch hon ton tn hiu i qua n. Hay
cu trc hnh sao c th trm trung tm khng c vai tr ch ng m ch l mt
b phn chia tn hiu nn kh nng xung t tn hiu l khng th trnh khi. V
th, trong cc h thng ny ta vn cn mt bin php phn chia quyn truy nhp,
tuy c th n gin hn so vi cu trc Bus.
Phng php truy nhp Bus l mt trong nhng vn c bn i vi cc h
thng Bus, bi mi phng php c nhng nh hng khc nhau ti cc tnh nng
k thut ca h thng. Nhng yu cu c th i vi mt phng php truy nhp
Bus l tin cy, tnh nng thi gian thc v hiu sut s dng ng truyn.
a s cc h thng Bus c s dng trong lnh vc t ng ha lm vic theo
chu k. Ch c mt s hot ng xy ra bt thng nh thng tin cnh bo, d liu
tham s,, cn phn ln cc d liu c trao i nh k theo chu k tun hon
ca Bus. Vi chu k Bus l khong thi gian ti thiu m sau cc hot ng
truyn thng chnh lp li nh c. Trong iu khin t ng, chu k qut l c s
cho vic chn chu k ly mu tn hiu o hoc chu k vng qut cho cc PLC ng
vai tr trm ch.
Cc yu cu v iu khin truy cp Bus, c hai yu cu quan trng cn ch
n l i vi truyn thng gia cc b PLC c cng trng thi (Master) phi m
bo rng mi mt trm phi c thi gian thc hin xong nhim v truyn
thng v i vi s truyn thng trao i d liu theo chu k gia Master v Slave
c cng t yu cu cng tt.
C th phn loi cch truy nhp Bus theo cc cp sau:

22

Hnh 1.16 Phn loi cc phng php truy nhp Bus
a, Phng Php Tin nh
Vi phng php ny, trnh t truy nhp Bus c quy nh r rng. Qu trnh
truy nhp Bus c kim sot theo cch tp trung trm ch (phng php
Master/Slave), theo quy nh trc v thi gian (phng php TDMA) hoc phn
tn bi cc thnh vin (Phng php Token Passing). Nu mi hot ng truyn
thng c hn ch bi mt khong thi gian hoc di d liu nht nh th thi
gian p ng ti a cng nh chu k Bus c th tnh ton c. Cc h thng ny
v th c gi l c kh nng thi gian thc.
b, Phng Php Ngu Nhin
Ngc li, trong cc phng php ngu nhin trnh t truy nhp Bus khng
c quy nh cht ch trc m xy ra hon ton theo nhu cu ca cc trm.
Mi thnh vin trong mng u c th th truy nhp Bus gi thng tin i bt k
lc no.
loi tr tc hi ca vic xung t d liu gy nn ta c th s dng cc phng
php ph bin nhn bit xung t (CSMA/CD) hoc trnh xung t (CSMA/CA).
Nguyn tc hot ng ca cc phng php ny l khi c xung t tn hiu xy
ra th t nht mt trm phi ngng gi v ch mt khong thi gian no trc
khi th li, mc d kh nng thnh cng k c lc ny cng khng c m bo.

23
Ngi ta thng xem cc h thng s dng phng php ny khng c kh nng
thi gian
thc. Tuy nhin, ty theo lnh vc ng dng c th m tnh nng thi gian thc ca
mt h
thng c nh gi khc nhau.
c, Phng Php Master/Slave
Theo phng php ny mt trm ch (Master) c trch nhim ch ng phn
chia quyn truy nhp Bus cho cc trm t (Slave), cc trm t ng vai tr th
ng, ch c quyn truy nhp Bus v gi thng tin i khi c yu cu. Trm ch c
th dng phng php hi tun t theo chu k kim sot ton b hot ng giao
tip ca c h thng. Nh vy cc trm t c th gi cc d liu thu thp t qu
trnh k thut ti trm ch, cng nh nhn cc thng tin iu khin t trm ch.
Trong mt s h thng, thm ch cc trm t khng c quyn giao tip vi nhau,
m bt c d liu cn trao i no cng phi qua trm ch. Nu hot ng giao tip
din ra theo chu k, trm ch s c trch nhim yu cu d liu t trm t cn gi
v chuyn ti trm t cn nhn. Trng hp mt trm t cn trao i d liu bt
thng vi mt trm khc th phi thng bo yu cu ca mnh khi c trm ch
hi n v sau ch c p ng.

Hnh 1.17 Phng php truy nhp Master/Slave
Trnh t c hi ca cc trm t c th do ngi s dng quy nh trc bng
cc cng c to lp cu hnh. Trong trng hp ch c mt trm duy nht, thi gian

24
trm ch kt thc vic hi tun t mt vng cng chnh l thi gian ti thiu ca
chu k Bus, m chu k Bus ta c th tnh ton c mt cch chnh xc. y l
mt yu t th hin tnh thi gian thc ca h thng.
u im ca phng php Master/Slave l vic kt ni cc trm t n gin,
tn km, ton b cc chc nng x l u tp trung trm ch. Ta cng c th tch
hp thm mt s chc nng x l khc cho mng, m khng my kh khn do thit
b ch thng l mt thit b iu khin.
Nhc im ca phng php ny l hiu sut trao i thng tin gia cc trm
t khng cao do phi i qua khu trung gian l trm ch nn hiu sut s dng
ng truyn cng gim theo. ci thin nhc im ny l cho php cc trm t
trao i d liu trc tip trong mt kh nng kim sot c.
V d, trm t hai mun chuyn d liu v trm t mt trong khi trm t hai li
c trm ch hi sau trm t mt. Sau khi trm ch yu cu trm t mt nhn d
liu v trm t hai gi d liu th trm t hai gi trc tip n trm t mt. Sau khi
trm t mt nhn c thng bo kt thc t trm t hai th trm t mt gi thng
bo nhn xong d liu ngc v trm ch:

Hnh 1.18 Trao i d liu trc tip gia hai Slave

25
Mt nhc im na ca phng php ny l tin cy ca h thng truyn
thng ph thuc vo mt trm ch duy nht, nn khi c s c xy ra trn trm ch
th h thng truyn thng b t lit, cch khc phc l s dng mt trm t c vai
tr gim st trm ch v c kh nng thay th trm ch khi cn thit.
d, Phng Php Token Passing
Phng php Token Passing m bo quyn chuyn giao quyn truy cp. Token
Passing l mt bc in c cu trc c bit chuyn giao quyn gi thng tin t
mt Master ny n mt Master tip theo. Mt trm c quyn truy cp Bus v
gi thng tin i ch trong thi gian n gi Token. Phng php Token Passing ch
s dng ProfiBus gia cc Master vi nhau. Sau khi khng c nhu cu gi thng
tin, trm ang c Token s chuyn quyn Token n mt trm khc theo mt trnh
t nht nh. Nu trnh t ny ng vi trnh t sp xp vt l trong mt mch vng
th ta dng khi nim Token Ring, cn nu trnh t quy nh ch c tnh cht logic
nh cu trc Bus th c Token Bus. Trong mi trng hp u hnh thnh mt
mch vng logic.

a,Token Bus

26

b,Token Ring.
Hnh 1.19. Hai dng ca phng php Token Passing.
Mt trm ang gi Token khng nhng c quyn gi thng tin i m cn c
th kim sot hot ng ca mt s trm khc. Cc trm khng c Token cng c
kh nng tham gia gim st. V vy, Token Passing c xp vo phng php
kim sot phn tn. Cc trm c th d tnh v thi gian s dng Token ca mnh,
t tha thun mt chu k Bus thch hp tt c cc trm u c quyn tham
gia gi thng tin v kim sot hot ng truyn thng ca mng, bao gm:
Gim st Token m bo qu trnh truyn c chnh xc, nu Token b
mt hoc gia bi th phi thng bo xa cc Token c v to ra mt Token
mi.
Khi to Token, sau khi khi ng mt trm c trch nhim to mt Token
mi, mt trm c s c phi c pht hin v tch ra khi trnh t c
nhn Token.
B sung trm mi, mt trm mi c kt ni mng, mt trm c c thay
th hoc a tr li s dng phi c b sung vo mch vng logic c
quyn nhn Token.

27
Ngoi ra, Token Passing cng c th s dng kt hp vi phng php
Master/Slave, phng php ny cn c gi l Multi-Master trong mi trm
ch c quyn gi Token v c quyn truy nhp vo cc trm Slave:

Hnh 1.20. Truy nhp Bus kt hp Multi-Master


28
Chng 2. M hnh trm PLC iu khin Bin tn
2.1 Tng quan v bin tn Micromaster 420 v cch thc giao tip vi PLC
qua PROFIBUS
2.1.1 Tng quan v bin tn Micromaster 420
Cc c tnh c bn ca Micromaster
D dng ci t, lp trnh v s dng
Chu qu ti 200% trong 3s cho ti 150% trong 60s
M men khi ng ln v iu chnh chnh xc tc motor bi iu
khin vc t
C th kt hp thm vi b lc
iu chnh dng nhanh
Khong nhit hot ng 0-50
o
C
C sn cc hm iu khin chun P, I, D dng cho iu chnh vng kn
(vng ngoi) .
C sn ngun 15V, 50mA cp cho cc b bin i phn hi.
iu khin t xa qua ng truyn ni tip RS485 s dng giao thc
USS vi c tnh iu khin ti 31 b iu bin tn qua giao thc
USS.
Cc thng s c t t khi sn xut c th t li cho cc thit b
ca chu u, Asian v bc M.
Tn s ra c th c iu khin bi
- Tn s t s dng bn phm
- Tn s t s dng tn hiu tng t vi phn gii cao (dng
hoc p)
- B phn p m rng
- u vo nh phn

29
- Chc nng thay i tc qua b phn p
- Giao din ni tip
Ci sn hm mt chiu vi b hm phc hp c bit
Ci sn phanh ngt cho in tr ngoi
Tng/gim thi gian vi chng trnh san bng
Hai chng trnh u ra r le (13 hm)
Chng trnh u ra tng t (1 cho MMV, 2 Cho MDV)
C th chn module Profibus DP hoc CANbus
T ng phn tch 2,4,6 hoc 8 cc motor bi phn mm.
Tch hp phn mm iu khin qut lm mt
C th gn cnh nhau m khng cn iu kin v khong cch
Tch hp mt s thnh phn bo v nh bo v qu dng, bo v qu
nhit, Bo v cao, thp p...
Ch dn u dy
Cn chc chn rng mi thit b trong t in c cha bin tn u
c ni t. Dy ni t cn ngn, dn in tt v dy. im ni t
c th l im trung tnh ca ngun hnh Y. Cn chc chn rng mi
thit b c ni vi bin tn cng c ni t cng vi bin tn hoc
ni vo im trung tnh hnh Y. Dy n dt thch hp hn v chng c
tr khng thp tn s cao.
im chung tnh ca ng c c iu khin bi bin tn c th
c ni trc tip vi im t chung ca bin tn(PE).
S dng cp c bc tt nu c th. i vi dy khng c bc cng
ngn cng tt. Nn s dng dy cp c dy bo v khi ni vo u
iu khin.

30
Cc cng tc t trong t in cn c kh nhiu. Vi loi xoay chiu
dng R-C, vi loi mt chiu s dng iot. Vic ny rt quan trng
c bit vi cc cng tc t c iu khin bi rle trong bin tn.
S dng cp c v chng nhiu hoc v bc kim loi cho du ni vi
ng c v 2 u ca dy dn cn c ni t
Nu bin tn s dng trong mi trng c nhiu nhiu in t b lc
cn c s dng gim nhiu v tng s iu khin t bin tn.
Hot ng vi ngun khng tip t.
Micro Master c thit k hot ng c s dng dy t . Thit b u ra c
th khng tip t, tuy nhin khng nn s dng nh vy. khi chng ta phi ch
mt s vn sau:
S dng ng dy c tr khng ph hp v in p nh nh nht.
in p ngun ln nht l 500V
Thit b s tt vi li qu dng nu mt hoc vi u ra c biu hin
chm t.
Ch s dng c cho cc thit b khng c b lc
Tn s vng xung iu khin ti a 2KHz
S dng sau mt thi gian ct gi
Thi gian ct gi di 1 nm
Khng c iu kin c bit
Thi gian ct gi 1 n 2 nm
Cp ngun vo bin tn khong 1 h trc khi s dng lnh chy
Thi gian ct gi 2 n 3 nm

31
Cp ngun xoay chiu 25%nh mc trong khong 30, 50% trong 30
tip theo, 75%trong 30 tip v 100% trong 30.Tng thi gian l 2h trc khi cho
chy bin tn.
3 nm tr ln.
Cp ngun nh bc trn tuy nhin thi gian l 2h cho mi bc. Tng
thi gian khong 8h.
Khi s dng dy cp di.
Chiu di dy cp s dng ph thuc vo loi cp, tn s lm vic, di cng sut v
di in p.Trong mt s trng hp c th di ti 200m m khng c iu kin g
c bit


32
Mt s tham s c bn

Tn s u vo 47Hz-63Hz
T s ngun vo >0.7
Tn s u ra 0Hz- 650Hz
phn gii 0.01Hz
c tnh qu ti 200% trong 3s v 150% trong 60s
Ch bo v Qu p, thp p, qu nhit
Cc ch bo v thm Ngn mch, chm t, khng ti(h mch)
u vo tng t/ PID n cc :0-10V hoc 2-10V( nn dng bin tr 4,7K)
0-20mA hoc 4-20mA
Lng cc :-10 - +10V
phn gii u vo
tng t
10 bt
u ra tng t 0-20mA/4-20mA, n nh 5%
n nh im t Tng t <1%
S < 0.02%
Gim st nhit motor u vo PTC
u ra iu khin 2 r le 230V AC/ 0.8A, 30V DC/2A
Giao tip RS485
Nhit hot ng 0-50
o
C
Nhit chu ng -40-70
o
C
S dng cao <1000m
Hiu sut 97%
m 95%


33
Cc ch iu khin ng c
i vi bin tn do Siemen ch to ng c Khng ng b 3 pha c th c iu
khin theo 1 trong 4 ch sau:
Tuyn tnh V/f: S dng khi iu khin song song nhiu ng c. tt c cc
ng c phi c ci t r le bo qu ti v nhit nu ng thi 2 hay
nhiu ng c c ni vi 1 bin tn.
Bnh phng V/f: S dng tt khi cc ti dng bm hay qut gi
FCC: (Flux current control) : Ch ny d dng ci t, cho c tnh tt
nht
SVC:(sensorless vector control) S dng tnh ton ton hc ngay trong bn
thn ng c bao gm tnh ton dng in, tnh v tr v tc ca rotor v
vy n ti u cho tc v tn s ca ng c tuy nhin n kh ci t
c c tnh c tt nht.

Hnh 2.1 S phn hi
Mc d khng c phn hi tc v v tr, h thng iu khin vn l vng kn bi
v n so snh nhng c tnh k thut ca ng c vi c tnh yu cu. Do vy h
thng cn c t tham s cn thn c c tnh tt nht.

34
Nhng c tnh c bn ca bin tn
- t c thi gian tng tc khi khi ng ng c v thi gian
gim tc khi dng ng c (ti 650s)
- Hin th c cc tham s: Tn s u ra, Tn s t, in p u
ra, in p 1 chiu sau chnh lu, dng ng c, momen quay, tc
ng c, trng thi ng truyn ni tip.
- la chn phng php iu khin
Tng t,
S(iu khin trc tip t panel hoc qua u vo s
iu khin xa thng qua Bus ni tip
- La chn ch iu khin ( ng cong U/f, SVC, FCC )
- Nhn t l cc tham s c th hin th
- iu khin dng ng c ng v tr (khng ph thuc vo tc
ng c trc khi dng)
- u ra rle dng ng ct cc thit b bo v, Phi hp iu
khin hay ng ct thit b phanh ngoi.
- t thi gian ng m phanh ngoi
- t t s cnh bo qu nhit hay qu dng ng c
- t tn s xung
- t tham s cho ng truyn ni tip (Tc baud, time out,
module..)
- Cho php ch o chiu hay khng c o chiu ng c
- C ch cnh bo li
- C ch bo li (lu tr c 4 trng thi li gn nht)
- T ng nhn dng in tr Rotor
- t thi gian trch mu cho tn hiu phn hi
- C th nhn t l tn hiu phn hi

35
- t gii hn tn s
- t tham s iu khin P, I, D
- C th t ng t li tham s mc nh ca nh sn xut
- C ch dng in tr hm ngoi
- C th t reset khi sa li
u ni bin tn
Cc u ni mch lc
C th tip cn vi cc u ni ngun in vo v cc u ni ca ng c bng
cch tho cc phn v
my pha trc

Hnh 2.2. Tho phn mt trc v my


36
Hnh 2.3 Cc u mch lc


37

Hnh 2.4 S nguyn l ca b bin tn

38

Hnh 2.5 Cc u vo tng t v s
Cc bc s dng bin tn
1. Ci t
Lp t bin tn theo ng nhng tiu chun vt l.
2. i dy
Ni cc dy cp ngun vo bin tn v dy ni vi ng c . Nn s
dng cp 3 dy cho bin tn 1 pha v cp 4 dy c bo v cho u ni ng c.
Dy cp nn cch xa nhau.
3. Bt ngun.
Kim tra 2 bc trn sau cp ngun.
Kim tra mn hnh trng thi.
Kim tra cc li xut hin
Khi mi th bnh thng mn hnh s ch nh trng thi sn sng
hot ng. Nu c li mn hnh ch th m li.
4. t thng s
S dng cc phm chc nng trn bn phm t tham s.

39
t cc tham s cn thit theo hng dn
5. Kim tra ch chy
n nt kim tra theo di ng c
6. t tham s hot ng
2.1.2 cch thc giao tip vi PLC qua PROFIBUS

Hnh 2.6 Cu trc bc in
PKW : cha gi tr tham s
PZD : cha t iu khin v t trng thi
PKE : cha yu cu
IND : cha tham s
PWE : gi tr yu cu
STW : cha t iu khin
ZSW : cha t trng thi
HSW : cha im t tn s
HIW : gi tr thc t
i vi Micromaster 420 ch h tr loi bc in PPO1 v PPO3
Vng d liu tham s PKW

40
Vng ny c di 4 t c dng c hoc vit cc tham s ti bin tn trc
tip t my tnh thay v phi thay i cc tham s bng cch bm trc tip trn bn
phm ca bin tn
Tham s PKE c di l 1 t

Bt 0 ti bt 10 cha s ca tham s
Bt 11 khng c s dng
T bt 12 ti bt 15 c dng yu cu c hay vit tham s ti bin tn
(tham kho bng 2.1)
Trong bc in gi ti bin tn
AK=0 l khng c yu cu
AK=1 l c tham s
AK=2 l vit tham s c di l 1 t
AK=3 l vit tham s c di l 2 t
Bng 2.1. ngha ca ham s AK trong bc in gi i
AK ngha
0 Khng c yu cu
1 c tham s
2 Vit tham s c di 1 t
3 Vit tham s c di 2 t
4 Yu cu m t ngha
6 Yu cu c gi tr tham s l 1 mng
7 Vit tham s dng mng c di l 1 t
8 Vit tham s dng mng c di 2 t

41
9 Yu cu s lng mng thc hin
11 Vit tham s dng mng c di l 1 t v lu vo EEPROM2
12 Vit tham s dng mng c di l 2 t v lu vo EEPROM2
13 Vit tham s dng mng c di l 1 t v lu vo EEPROM
14

Vit tham s dng mng c di l 1 t v lu vo EEPROM

Trong bc in tr li nu
AK=0 l khng tr li
AK=1 l tham s cn c c di l 1 t
AK=2 l tham s cn c c di l 2 t
AK=7 l khng th thc hin c yu cu (li tham s nh tham s ch c
php c hc tham s khng tn ti)
Bng 2.2 ngha ca tham s AK trong bc in tr li
AK ngha
0 Khng tr li
1 Chuyn gi tr tham s c di 1 t
2 Chuyn gi tr tham s c di 2 t
3 Chuyn phn t m t
4 Chuyn gi tr tham s dng mng c di 1 t
5 Chuyn gi tr tham s dng mng c di 2 t
6 Chuyn s lng mng phn t
7 Khng thc hin c yu cu
8 Khng c trng thi iu khin master cho giao din PKW


42

Tham s IND
Bng 2.3 vng a ch m rng khi tham s ln hn 1999

T bt 8 ti bt 15 cha Index ca tham s
Tham s PWE : c d di l 2 t c s dng cha gi tr ca tham s

Vng d liu qu trnh PZD
Vng ny c di 2 t cha t iu khin v tn s t trong bc in yu cu
t PLC ti bin tn hoc cha t trng thi v v gi tr thc t trong bc in tr
li t bin tn ti PLC
Bng 2.4 T iu khin 1
Bt Gi tr ngha
0 0 OFF1
1 ON
Bin tn hot ng trng thi OFF1,bng 0 th khng cho php
bin tn hot ng ch OFF1, bng 1 th cho php

43
1 0 OFF2
1 ON
2 0 OFF3
1 ON
3 0
1
Bt ny dng iu khin bt, tt bin tn bng 0 th tt, bng 1
th bt
4 0
1
Dng dng nhanh bin tn, bng 0 th dng nhanh bin tn,
bng 1 th cho php hot ng
5 0
1
Ramp hold, bng 0 th b pht tc ramp c gi tn s hin
ti ca n, bng 1 cho php hot ng tc ramp thng thng
6 0
1
Ramp inhibit, bng 0 tc ramp 0.0Hz, bng 1 tc ramp
thng thng
7 0
1
Nhn bit li, khi c s chuyn tip t 0 ln 1 gia 2 btlin tip
th bn tin s b xa
8 0
1
J og phi, bng 0 th khng s dng nt jog phi, bng 1 th s
dng nt jog phi
9 0
1
J og phi, bng 0 th khng s dng nt jog tri, bng 1 th s dng
nt jog tri
10 0
1
Control valid, bng 0 th khng s dng cc bt iu, bng 1 cc
bt iu khin c xc nh
11 0
1
On right, bng 0 th khng s dng nt on right, bng 1 c s
dng cc nt on right
12 0
1
On left, bng 0 th khng s dng nt on left, bng 1 c s dng
cc nt on left
13 Khng s dng
14 Khng s dng
15 Khng s dng

44

Bng 2.5 T trng thi
Bt Gi tr ngha
0 0
1
initialised,bng 0 l cha sn sng bt, bng 1 l sn sng bt
1 0
1
Ready, bng 0 l bin tn cha sn sng hot ng, bng 1 l bin
tn sn sng hot ng
2 0
1
Running, bng 0 khng s dng u ra ca cm bin, bng 1 l c
s dng u ra ca cm bin
3 0
1
Fault, 0 bin tn khng c li, bng 1 l bin tn c li
4 0
1
OFF2 available, Bng 0 s dng trng thi OFF2, 1 khng s
dng trng thi OFF2
5 0
1
OFF3 available, Bng 0 s dng trng thi OFF3, 1 khng s
dng trng thi OFF3
6 0
1
Switch on inhibit, bng 0 l khng bt cng tt iu kin hn ch,
bng 1 l bt cng tt iu kin hn ch
7 0
1
Cnh bo, bng 0 l khng s dng phng php cnh bo, bng
l c s dng phng php cnh bo
8 1 Khng c s dng v thng t l 1
9 0
1
Ch iu khin, bng 0 l iu khin bin tn ti ch, bng 1 l
iu khin bin tn t xa
10 0
1
Tn s t, bng 0 l tn s u ra ca bin tn thp hn so vi
yu cu im t,bng 0 l tn s u ra ca bin tn thp hn so
vi yu cu im t
11 0 On right, bng 0 th khng s dng nt on right, bng 1 c s

45
1 dng cc nt on right
12 0
1
left, bng 0 th khng s dng nt on left, bng 1 c s dng cc
nt on left
13 0 Khng s dng, v thng dt l 0


46
2.2 Cu hnh cho Micromaster 420 v PLC 300 bng Step 7 tin hnh xy
dng giao din iu khin gim bng Wincc

Hnh 2.7 S ghp ni PC-PLC-Bin tn

47
c th thc hin vic truyn thng ta cn phi tin hnh cu hnh cho trm PLC
300 bng cch s dng phn mm Step 7 v thc hin cc bc nh sau :
M Step 7 v khai bo 1 trm vi tn truyn thng PLC v bin tn

Sau nhn OK khi ta s c giao din sau


48

Tin hnh chn 1 trm PLC 300 bng cch click vo insertstationSIMATIC
300 station

Tng t ta cng ly 1 trm my tnh bng cch insertstationPG/PC


49

Ly 1 mng PROFISBUS bng cch chn insert Subnet PROFIBUS

Tin hnh khai bo cu hnh phn cng cho trm PLC
Chn SIMATIC 300(1) Hardware khai bo cu hnh
Chn SIMATIC 300 RACK-300


50
Slot 1 chn modul ngun PS (chn PS 307 5A)

Slot 2 chn CPU (chn CPU 316 2 DP)
Khi s xut hin ca s sau :


51
Chn PROFIBUS(1) sau nhn OK
Khi xut hin ca s c nhnh profibus

Tip PLC c th nhn dng c bin tn cn ci t file GSD bng cch
chn Optionsintall GSD file

Khi mt ca s xut hin yu cu la chn ng dn ti file GSD sau chn
select all intall yes OKclose

52

Khi file GSD c ci t ta tin hnh cu hnh bin tn vo mng profibus
Bng cch chn PROFIBUS DP SIMOVERT MICROMASTER 4


53
Khi mt ca s xut hin yu cu dt a ch cho bin tn ta chn l 3 sau
OK

Khi ta c ca s sau trong c biu tng c bin tn c treo trn nhnh
Profibus


54
Trong truyn thng i vi Micromaster 420 c hi loi bc in PPO3 (gm 2 t
PZD1 v PZD2) v PPO1 (gm 6 t bao gm PKW, PZD1v PZD2)
2.2.1 Cu hnh theo bc in PPO3
Vi loi bc in ny ta c th c cc thng s t bin tn hoc vit cc cc gi tr
ti bin tn
Chn bc in bng cch click ln biu tng 0PKW, 2PZD (PPO3)

Thc hin tng t cc bc nh trn i vi bin tn th 2 chn a ch
PROFIBUS l 4


55
Khi ta cu hnh song cho 2 bin tn

Nhn ln biu tng lu cu hnh la chn

Chn station exit thot khi mn hnh cu hnh

Tin hnh cu hnh iu khin t my tnh bng cch kch chut phi ln biu
tng PG/PC Object properties
Mc interface chn NEW

56

MIP OK

OK

57

Mc Assignment chn AssignOK


58
Kch p ln biu tng PROFIBUS(1) m ca s NetPro

Ko cng DP ca tm PLC 300 v ng MPI


59

Sau kch ln biu tng trn thanh cng c lu li mt c s xut hin chn
mc compile and check everythingOK

Sau chn Networkexit thot khi ca s NetPro

Qu trnh cu hnh trn Step 7 hon thnh
Cc tham s cn ci t cho bin tn bin tn hot ng theo bc in PPO3 l
P0918 = 3 a ch dnh cho truyn thng
P0700 =6 chn ngun lnh CB trn ng truyn COM
P1000 =6 chn gi tr t tn s
P2041 =1
P2040 =1
P0719 =0
P2013 =0 khng c PKW
P2012 =2 chn 2 t PZD1 v PZD2

60
2.2.2 Cu hnh theo bc in PPO1
Chn bc in bng cch click ln biu tng 4PKW, 2PZD (PPO1)

Thc hin tng t cc bc nh trn i vi bin tn th 2 chn a ch
PROFIBUS l 4

Khi ta cu hnh song cho 2 bin tn theo bc in PPO1

61

Nhn ln biu tng lu cu hnh la chn

Chn station exit thot khi mn hnh cu hnh


62
Tin hnh cu hnh iu khin t my tnh bng cch kch chut phi ln biu
tng PG/PC Object properties
Mc interface chn NEW

MIP OK

OK

63

Mc Assignment chn AssignOK


64
Kch p ln biu tng PROFIBUS(1) m ca s NetPro

Ko cng DP ca tm PLC 300 v ng MPI


65

Sau kch ln biu tng trn thanh cng c lu li mt c s xut hin chn
mc compile and check everythingOK

Sau chn Networkexit thot khi ca s NetPro

Qu trnh cu hnh trn Step 7 hon thnh
Cc tham s cn ci t cho bin tn bin tn hot ng theo bc in PPO3 l
P0918 = 3 a ch dnh cho truyn thng
P0700 =6 chn ngun lnh CB trn ng truyn COM
P1000 =6 chn gi tr t tn s
P2041 =1
P2040 =1
P0719 =0
P2013 =4 ( chn PKW )
P2012 =2 chn 2 t PZD1 v PZD2

66
V d 1: Gi s cn c thng s P0700(la chn ngun lnh) ca bin tn ta cn
gi ti bin tn 1 bn tin c ni dung sau :
AK =1 yu cu c ni gi tr tham s
PUN =2BC (do tham s P0700 dng m dec cn chuyn sang m hex 700 dec =
2BC hex)
T th 2 l IND gm 2 bye, bye th nht c gi tr l 00 do tham s nh hn 1999
Index =0 do IND = 0000
T th 3 PWE1 v t th 4 l PWE2 phi c thit lp l khng
Nh vy bn tin t PROFIBUS => MM4 s c ni dung
T th nht (PKE): 12BC
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

Bn tin tr li t MM4 => PROFIBUS
T th nht (PKE): 12BC s c ni dung
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0006
iu c ngha l ngun lnh c la chn l CB trn ng truyn COM
V d 2: c tham s P1082 ( tn s ln nht)
AK =1 yu cu c tham s
PNU = 1082 dec =43A hex
Do t u tin c gi tr 143A
V index =0 v tham s ny nh hn 1999 nn t th 2 sx c gi tr 0000
T th 3 v 4 cn c thit lp l 0
T th nht (PKE): 143A

67
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

T th nht (PKE): 243A s c ni dung
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 4248
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000
iu c ngha l ni dung bn tin tr li c di l 2 t c gi tr 4248 0000
Gi tr l s IEEE c chuyn sang s thc nh sau
S IEEE gm 32 bt
Bt th 31 l bt du 0 l dng 1 l m
T bt 23 ti 30 l s m
T bt s 0 ti bit 22 l gi tr thp phn (4248 0000 hex 50.0 dec)

(-1)
VZ
1.M2
Exp-127
=(-1)
0
(1 +9(1/16) +0(1/16
2
))2
132-127
=11.56252
5
=50.0

68

V d 3: c tham s P2000 (tn s tham kho)
AK =1
Do tham s ny ln hn 1999 v nh hn 3999 nn t th 2 IND = 0080
Vy t th nht c gi tr 1000
PNU =(2000 - 2000) dec =0 dec =0 hex
T th 3 v th 4 c t l 0
T th nht (PKE): 1000
T th 2 (IND): 0080
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

T th nht (PKE): 2000 s c ni dung
T th 2 (IND): 0080
T th 3 (PWE1): 4248
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000
iu c ngha l ni dung bn tin tr li c di l 2 t c gi tr 4248 0000
L 50Hz
V d 4: c tham s P2010 ( tc baud USS trn ng truyn BOP )
AK =1
PNU =2010 2000 =10 dec =A hex
Do t th nht c gi tr 100A
Tham s ny ln hn 1999 v nh hn 3999 v c index 1 nn IND =0180
T th 3 v t th 4 phi c l 0

69
T th 2 (IND): 0180
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

T th 2 (IND): 0180
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0006
iu c ngha l ni dung bn tin tr li c di l 1 t c gi tr l 6 tng
ng vi tc 9600 baud

V d 5: Thay i gi tr tham s P1082 ( tn s ln nht )
vit gi tr ti tham s ta cn phi bit c gi tr c di l 1 Word hay 1
double Word xc nh c gi tr cho tham s AK l 2 hay l 3, trong trng
hp khng bit gi tr c di l 1 Word hay 1 double Word th ta nn gi 1
bn tin c tham s trc xc nh di ca tham s (tham kho v d 2)
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

T th 2 (IND): 0000

70
T th 3 (PWE1): 4248
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000
Trong bn tin tr li vi AK = 2 do ta xc nh c gi tr ca tham s c
di l 1 double Word iu ny c ngha l nu ta thay i gi tr ca tham s ny th
trong bn tin gi ti bin tn AK cn c t bng 3, gi s ta chuyn gi tr tn
s ln nht thnh 40 Hz (IEEE floating value =4220 0000)
T th 3 v th 4 cn c t gi tr 4220 v 0000
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 4220
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000

T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 4248
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000
V d 6: nh gi li trong bn tin tr li
Trong v d 5 vic vit gi tr tham s c thc hin khi bin tn ang dng
(khng chy) nu vic sa i thc hin khi bin tn ang chy th bin tn s bo
khng th thc hin c yu cu tc l tham s P1082 khng th thay i khi
bin tn ang chy, s ca li c ch ra trong t th 4 PKE2 tra bng di y
bit c tn li
Bng 2.6 li trong bn tin tr li
Li s Tn li
0 Tn tham s khng hp l Tham s khng tn ti

71
1 Tham s khng th thay i Tham s ny ch c khng s
2 Gi tr khng hp l Gi tr khng nm trong gii hn
3 Faulty subindex -
4 No array Single parameter has been
accessed with array request and
subindex >0
5 Incorrect data type Mix-up between word and double
word
6 Setting not allowed (resetting
only)
-
7 Descriptive element cannot be
modified
Description can never be
modified
11 No status as master control Modification request without
status as master control (see
P0927
12 Key word missing -
17 Request cannot be processed
due to operating state
Current inverter status is not
compatible with the received
request
101 Parameter number currently
deactivated
Dependent on inverter status
102 Channel not wide enough Communication channel too
small for response
104 Illegal parameter value Parameter permits only certain
values
106 Request not implemented After request identifier 5, 10, 15
200/201 Modified minimum/maximum not Minimum/maximum can be

72
reached/exceeded further limited in operation
204 Available access authorization
does not cover modification of
parameters
-

Request PROFIBUS => MM4
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 4220
T th 4 (PWE2): 0000
- an attempt to change the value of P1082 to 40.00.
Response MM4 => PROFIBUS
T th 1 (PKE): 743A (7: khng thc hin c yu cu)
T th 2 (IND): 0000
T th 3 (PWE1): 0000
T th 4 (PWE2): 0011 (li s)


73
2.2.3 Xy dng giao din iu khin t Wincc
a, To cc Tag lien kt vi PLC
Khi ng Wincc bng cch chon StartSIMATICWincc ca s sau xut hin
chn OK

Ca s sau xut hin

Trong mc Project Name t tn TruyenthongbientanCreate
Ca s sau xut hin

74

Click chut phi ln Tag ManagementAdd New Driver

SIMATIC S7 Protocol Suite.chnOpen

75

Click chut phi ln MPINew Driver connection

Trong mc Name t tn PLC1
Click properties

76

Mc Slot Number t l 2OKOK

Trong mc PLC click chut phi chn New Tag
Trong mc Name t tn l bat_tatbt1

77

Mc Data Type chn l Binary tag
Click Seclect la chn a ch lin kt vi PLC


78
Chn Data l Bit memory
Address l M200.0OKOK
Tng t to ra Tag o chiu

click seclect chn a ch lin kt vi PLC

79

Address l M200.1OKOK
To Tag tansodatbat
Data type : Floating-point number 32 bit IEEE 754

80

Click seclect chn a ch lin kt vi PLC

81

Address l MD202OKOK
To Tag tansothuctebt1
Data type : Floating-point number 32 bit IEEE 754


82

Click seclect chn a ch lin kt vi PLC
Address l MD206OKOK


83
Tng t cc bc nh trn ta s to ra cc Tag sau

b, Xy dng iao din iu khin
click chut phi ln Graphic Designer New picture
click chut phi chn Rename t tn CaiDatThamSo

Tng t ta to ra bc tranh qu trnh vi tn DieuKhien

Click chut vo bc tranh vi tn DieuKhien ta c giao din sau

84

Ly 1 i tng l button trong Object Palte Windows bject button
t tn l bat_bt1
tng t ta s to ra cc nt n bat_bt2, daochieubt1, daochieubt2, tatbt1,
tatbt2

85

to nt n chuyn ti mn hnh ci t tham s bng cch ly 1 i tng l
button trong Object Palte Windows Object button t tn l caidatthamso

Trong mc Change Picture Mouse Click la chn bc tranh cn chuyn ti ri
OK


86

Ta to c cc nt n nh sau

Tip theo ta s ly i tng l Static Text trong ca s Object PalteStandard
ObjectStatic Text c giao din nh sau

87

Tip tc ly i tng l I/O Field trong ca s Object PalteSmart Object
I/O Field
Trong mc update chon Upon change

Mc Tag chn ti Tag lin kt

88
Chn Tag tansodatbt1 OK

Tip theo ta s chnh sa cc thuc tnh cho I/O Field bng cch Click chut phi
chn Properties

Trong mc Limits chn gi tr thp nht v cao nht ca i tng l t -60 ti 60

89

Trong mc output/input chn dang Decimal
Tng t ta s to ra 4 ca s I/O Field c ca s nh sau

Tip theo ta s to ra 1 n bo khi ng c chy th n s hin th mu xanh khi
dng th n s hin th mu

90
Ly 1 i tng l hnh trn Object PalteStandard ObjectCircle

Click chut phi chn PropertiesColors

Trong mc Background Colors click chut phi chn Dynamic Dialog
Xut hin ca x

91

Data Type: chn Boolean tin hnh chn mu
Trong mc Expression/Formula chn Tag lin kt


92

Tng t ta s to ra n bo cho ng c th 2
ViewlibraryGlobalPlantElementsMotor

Ly 1 ng c
Tng t ly ng c th 2


93

Tin hnh vit code cho cc nt n bat_tatbt1 bng cch Click chut phi chn
Properties


94
Ca s sau xut hin chn Tag EventMousepress leftC-Action

Xut hin ca s sau vit code cho nt n

Tin hnh vit on code sau sau OK

95

Tng t ta s vit code cho cc nt n khc
Vic xy dng giao din cho mn hnh ci t tham s cng tin hnh tng t

Ci t tham s khi chay Runtime nh sau
Click p vo Computer

96
Click chut phi vo Computer Name chn Properties

Ca s sau xut hin
Chn Tag Graphic Runtime
Start Picture chn mn hnh iu khin
Window Attributes chn Title, Maximize, Minisize, Adapt Picture.


97

Mo Hinh Tram PLC S7-300 Dieu Khien Bien Tan

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Mo Hinh Tram PLC S7-300 Dieu Khien Bien Tan

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ti: M hnh trm PLC S7-300 iu khin bin tn Tc gi: V Vn Phng

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