n t chc thi cng AI

Cao c Th 43XD4
n t chc thi cng
Ni dung :
Tnh ton lp tin thi cng
Thit k tng mt bng thi cng
A/ Gii thiu s b cng trnh
y l cng trnh nh khng b! tng c"t th#p ton kh"i
$ng trnh g"m c% & t'ng( chi) c*o cc t'ng nh +*:
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( ) m h h 2 . 4
2 1
= =
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( ) m h h h 8 . 3
5 4 3
= = =
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6
=
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B cho cng trnh thCo tin thi cng=
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( ) m h h h h 8 . 3
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Trang ,
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
- $hi) c*o t'ng &:
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6
=
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bng my 5 +P* m%ng
bng bi?n php thB cng
Trang .
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang /
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang 0
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trt trong
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Trang 1
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
Trt ngoi
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Trang &
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
Tp X=. X=/ /=X1 X=,l/ &0
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Tng kh"i l@ng b! tng cB* ton cng trnh l:
( )
3
6
1
8 . 763 396 . 119 422 . 127 053 . 133 433 . 135 252 . 118 m V V
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Trang o
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
T'ng
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( ) Kg G G
i ct
6 . 87944 1 . 16387 2 . 17437 8 . 17460 18174 4 . 18485
6
1
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Trang l
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang k
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang ,,
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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n t chc thi cng AI
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n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang ,&
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Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang ,o
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
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Trang ,l
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Cao c Th 43XD4
Tnh ton thhi gi*n thi cng ph'n mi
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sh'n mi @c bpt ' thi cng +* khi tho 5n khn khng
ch3 lSc ph'n thn , ngy
Phn II thi,t k, tng 4Dt bEng thi cng
I. Xc nh h! "# $%n ch%&'n (n )h%n
$h kf +P <6ng 5n khn @c jc 3nh thCo cng thic:
5 4 3 2 1
T T T T T T
cl
+ + + + =
Trong %:
:
1
T
thhi gi*n t 5n khn cho mt phn oHn( 5
bng , ngy

:
2
T
thhi gi*n t c"t th#p cho mt phn oHn( 5 bng
, ngy
Trang ,k
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4

:
3
T
thhi gi*n b! tng cho mt phn oHn( 5 bng ,
ngy

:
4
T
thhi gi*n @c ph#p tho <t 5n khn cho mt phn
oHn
:
4
T
W. ngy "i 54i 5n khn khng
ch3 lSc
:
4
T
W,X ngy "i 54i 5n khn ch3 lSc

:
5
T
thhi gi*n tho 5n khn cho mt phn oHn( 5
bng , ngy
Th*y 5o cng thic tr!n t* c%:
>n khn khng ch3 lSc:
6 1 2 1 1 1 = + + + + =
c
T
RngyZ
>n khn ch3 lSc:
,0 , ,X , , , = + + + + =
c
T
RngyZ
V" phn oHn c'n ch tHo 5n khn
>n khn khng ch3 lSc:
Z R &
,
&
,
Khu
T
T
N
c
w
= = =
>n khn ch3 lSc:
Z R ,0
,
,0
,
Khu
T
T
N
c
w
= = =
Tng +" phn oHn trong ph'n thn l 0l Rphn oHnZ( thhi
gi*n thi cng ph'n thn l o1 RngyZ
T* c% h? +" ln chy7n 5n khn RnZ
- >4i 5n khn khng ch3 lSc :
1 = ,.
&
o1
= = =
N
T
n
Rl'nZ
- >4i 5n khn ch3 lSc :
/& = 1
,0
o1
= = =
N
T
n
Rl'nZ
II. Chn m& thi cng
.& ChFn 49 !*n chu9Gn $0n c:%
Jh"i l@ng c'n 5n chy7n trong mt phn oHn:
- ;! tng :
2325 . 4 25 . 0 93 . 16 = = x G
bt RtAnZ
- >n khn :
( ) T x x G
vk
765 . 2 55 . 0 03 . 0 571 . 167 = =
- $"t th#p :
( ) ( ) T Kg G
ct
31 . 2 2310 = =
- \ g2 :
( ) T x x x G
xg
123 . 0 55 . 0 1 . 0 08 . 0 28 = =
- $t ch"ng :
( ) T x x x G
cc
69 . 0 55 . 0 08 . 0 08 . 0 125 . 196 = =
- >:* jy:
( )
3
05 . 5 33 . 0 3125 . 15 m x G
x
= =
- >:* trt: ( ) ( )
3
7 . 2 015 . 0 575 . 55 375 . 123 m x G = + =
Trt

*Z TS kin chUn mt c'n tr6c thp
$hi) c*o c'n thit cB* my
t ck at ct
h h h h H + + + =

Trong % :
ct
h
: c*o cng trnh c'n t cA ki?n( 5 bng ..=l m
at
h
: Jho^ng cch *n ton( 5 bng , m
ck
h
: $hi) c*o cA ki?n( 5 bng ,=1 m
t
h
: $hi) c*o thit b3 trCo bc( 5 bng , m
Trang .X
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
>y t* c%:
) ( 3 . 26 1 1 5 . 1 8 . 22 m H = + + + =
T'm 54i c'n thit cB* c'n trc thp
) ( 7 . 20 5 . 8 2 . 12 m d S R = + = + =

Trong %:
<: Jho^ng cch l4n nhAt tF m#p cng trnh n i7m t
cA ki?n
< W 1=.j.-,=lW,.=. m
V: Jho^ng cch tF tm I*y n m#p cng trnh( 5 bng
l=1 m
$gn ci 5o cc thng +" tr!n t* chUn loHi c'n tr6c c% +" hi? J;G
/Xl c% cc c tnh kM tht +* :
- T^i trUng nng: /=. } lRTZ
- T'm 54i: ,.=1GG.1RmZ
- $hi) c*o nng: /.=1 } 0.RmZ
- T"c :
+ T"c nng : ,. } &XRmnph~tZ
+ T"c hH 5t: 1Rmnph~tZ
+ Ti chy7n jC con: ,l=0Rmnph~tZ
+ Ti chy7n c'n tr6c: ,l=oRmn+Z
+ T"c I*y: X=&R>nphZ
- Tr +" rnb: &RmZ
bZ \c 3nh ngng +At cB* c'n tr6c thp
TKng c'n tr6c thp 7 5n chy7n : 5n khn( c"t th#p( ct
ch"ng( j g2( b! tng( 5:* jy } trt
9gng +At cB* c'n tr6c thp
\c 3nh ch kf c'n tr6c=
$ng thic:

=
=
n
i
i
t ! T
1
Trong %:
c: l h? +" kt h@p cc ng tc= cW, "i 54i c'n
tr6c=
( ) 4 3 + =
i
i
i
V
S
t
giy: Thhi gi*n thSc hi?n th*o tc i( 54i
5n t"c >
i

:
1
t
thhi gi*n m%c thKng 5o m%c c Rchy7n
thKngZ(
) ( 10
1
s t =
:
2
t
thhi gi*n nng 5t t4i 53 tr I*y ng*ng
) ( 8 . 46 3 60
36
3 . 26
2
s t = + =
:
3
t
thhi gi*n I*y c'n t4i 53 tr c'n b! tng
) ( 53 3 60
6 . 0
5 . 0
3
s t = + =
:
4
t
thhi gi*n jC con chHy n 53 tr b! tng
) ( 8 . 42 3 60
4 . 18
2 . 12
4
s t = + =
Trang .,
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
:
5
t
thhi gi*n hH thKng tF c*o .&=/ m j"ng 53 tr
thi cng
) ( 33 3 60
5
5 . 2
5
s t = + =
:
6
t
thhi gi*n b! tng
) ( 120
6
s t =
:
7
t
thhi gi*n nng thKng n c*o .&=/ RmZ:
) ( 8 . 6 3 60
36
3 . 2
7
s t = + =
:
8
t
thhi gi*n <i chy7n jC con t4i 53 tr tr4c khi I*y
) ( 8 . 42
4 8
s t t = =
:
9
t
thhi gi*n I*y c'n 5) 53 tr b*n ':
) ( 53
3 9
s t t = =
:
10
t
thhi gi*n hH thKng 7 lAy thKng m4i:
) ( 6 . 318 3 60
5
3 . 26
10
s t = + =
:
11
t
thhi gi*n hH thKng 7 lAy thKng m4i:
) ( 10
11
s t =
>y tng thhi gi*n cn tr6c thp thSc hi?n mt ch kf
l:
) ( 8 . 736 10 6 . 318 8 . 6 120 33 2 8 . 42 2 53 8 . 46 10 s x x t = + + + + + + + + =
9gng +At c'n tr6c thp l:
n k k " T N
tg ca
=
>4i: T: thhi gi*n lm 5i?c mt c* 5 lAy bng l
gih
q: t^i trUng nng trUn 5
) ( 75 . 2 T " "
tt
= =
k: h? +" +P <6ng t^i trUng 5 kW X=l
tg
k
: h? +" +P <6ng thhi gi*n 5
85 . 0 =
tg
k
n: ch kf 5
886 . 4
8 . 736
3600 3600
= = =
t
n
>y ngng +At c'n tr6c thp l:
) / ( 73 886 . 4 85 . 0 8 . 0 75 . 2 8 ca T N
ca
= =
Jh"i l@ng c'n nng l:
>y c'n tr6c thp chUn E tho^ mEn cho 5i?c thi cng cng
trnh ny
cZ $hUn h*i 5n thgng
7 kt h@p 54i c'n tr6c thp 5n chy7n 5t li? hon thi?n
cng nh <6ng c6 lm 5i?c=
T* chUn my 5n thgng mE hi? Ts } ,. c% cc thng +" kM tht
+*:
- c*o nng : 8 W ,o RmZ
- Vic nng: q W X=1 RtAnZ
- >n t"c nng : >
n
W >
h
W l Rmnph~tZ
- $hi) <i +n 5n t^i : l W , RmZ
- T'm 54i : ` W ,=/ RmZ
/& ChFn 49 trn b0 tng
Trang ..
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
Jh"i l@ng b! tng cho mt phn kh l4n nhAt trng bnh l
,&=k/Rm
/
Z= Tic l 0.=/.1 RtAnZ= >y t* chUn my trn ki7 tS <o <i
ng c% mE hi? V; } /X>( c% thng +" kM tht nh +*:
- Tng tch kh"i b! tng mt m trn: .1XRlZ
- Tng tch +^n jAt thKng trn: ,&1RlZ
- T"c I*y thKng: .XR>nphZ
- 9gng +At ng c_:
1 . 4 =
dc
N
RJuZ
- TrUng l@ng: mWX=l tAn
- Thhi gi*n trn mt m: &X RgiyZ
- V" m trn trong mt gih:
36 3
60 20 20
3600
=
+ +
=
ck
N
RmZ
TF tr!n t* c% ngng +At +P <6ng cB* my trn b! tng:
) / ( 9 . 2
1000
36 75 . 0 65 . 0 165
1000
3
h m
m #k V
N
tg sx
s
=

= =
>y ngng +At mt c* cB* mt my l:
) / ( 2 . 23 9 . 2 8
3
ca m N t N
s ca ca
= = = w,&=k/
>y my trn b! tng @c chUn E tho^ mEn y! c' trn b! tng
cho thi cng cng trnh ny=
6& ChFn 49 -(4 b0 tng
VP <6ng my 'm chAn ng trong R'm <KiZ 7 'm b!
tng ct 5 b! tng <'m( 'm bn 7 'm b! tng +n=
Jh"i l@ng b! tng trong mt phn oHn:
- $t 5 <'m : ( )
3
17 . 9 m V =
- Vn : ( )
3
49125 . 8 m V =
T* chUn my 'm nh +*
- , my 'm <Ki loHi TT } 1X c% ngng +At ,X m
/
nc*
- , my 'm bn loHi } o c% ngng +At .X m
/
nc*
<& ChFn 49 trn !H:
T* chUn my trn 5:* loHi Vd } .& e c% ngng +At . m
/
ngih
9gng +At trong mt c* lm 5i?c :
( )
3
4 . 14 9 . 0 2 8 m x x N = =
III. C%ng ng cng t*+ng
.& Ic -Jnh $1ng !*t $iu dK trH
*= ]@ng 5t li? <S tr: @c jc 3nh thCo cng thic
t q $ . =
Trong %:
- s : l l@ng 5t li? <S tr:
- q : l l@ng 5t li? ti! th6 l4n nhAt hng ngy
- T : +" ngy <S tr: ( t* lAy t W 1 RngyZ
$"t th#p : .=/, RtAnnngyZ
;! tng : ,&=k/Rm
/
Z
- : W X=kj,&=k/W,1=./o Rm
/
nngyZ
- $t 5ng : W X=1j,&=k/ W l=0&1 Rm
/
nngyZ
- \imgng: W /1Xj,&=k/W1k.1=1 RJgZ W 1=k.11 RtAnZ
$ng tc jy : W ,1=/,.1 Rm
/
nngyZ
- [Hch : W 1&Xj,1=/,.1 W l1o1 R5i!nZ
Trang ./
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
- $t jy : W X=/j,1=/,.1 W 0=& Rm
/
Z
- \imgng : W 0=&j,=,j.XX W ,X,X RJgZ W ,=X, RtAnZ
$ng tc trt: W ,ol=k1 Rm
/
nngyZ
- $t : W X=X.j,ol=k1 W /=& Rm
/
Z
- \imgng : W /=&j.XXWo.X RJgZ W X=o. RtAnZ
$ng tc c"p ph*:
- \ g2( ct ch"ng : W 1=/l Rm
/
Z
- >n khn : W ,&o=1ojX=X/ W 1=X/ Rm
/
Z
- Tng W ,X=0, Rm
/
Z
b= Jh"i l@ng cc loHi 5t li? <S tr:
: ,1=./oj1 W o&=,l1 Rm
/
Z
$t 5ng : l=0&1j1 W 0.=/.1 Rm
/
Z
$t Cn : l=.j1W0, Rm
/
Z
\imgng: o=&111j1 W /l=.oo1 RtAnZ
[Hch : l1o1j1 W 0.lo1 R5i!nZ
Th#p : .=/,j1 W ,,=11 RtAnZ
$nh cP* : .X=k/j1 W ,X0=&1 Rm
.
Z
$"p ph* : ,X=0,j1 W 1.=X1 Rm
/
Z
/& )nh t%n din tch kh% bLi ch: !*t $iu
$gn ci 5o l@ng 5t li? <S tr: 7 tnh ton <i?n tch kho bEi
W p
<S tr:
np
i
: p
i
l l@ng 5t li? cho ph#p chi* b!n , m
.
Ti?n tch kho bEi : V W = Rm
.
Z : l h? +" k7 n hng i(
l"i lHi
T
T
T!n 5t
li?
_n
53
Jh"i
l@ng
]oHi kho
bEi
]@ng
>]nm
.
Ti?n
tch
chi*
Rm
.
Z

Ti?n
tch
kho bEi
Rm
.
Z
, Rm
/
Z
o&=,l
1
;Ei l
thi!n
/
.1=/k
1
,=
.
/X=0o0
. $t 5ng Rm
/
Z
0.=/.
1
;Ei l
thi!n
/
,0=,X
l
,=
.
,&=k/
/ $t Cn Rm
/
Z 0,
;Ei l
thi!n
/
,/=&&
o
,=
.
,&=0X
0 \imgng TAn
/l=.o
o
Jho kn ,=/
.k=00
0
,=
1
00=,&&
1 [Hch >i!n
0.lo
1
;Ei l
thi!n
oXX &,=.1
,=
.
o/=1X
& Th#p TAn ,,=11 Jho hx 0
.=llo
1
,=
1
0=//,
o $nh cP* Rm
.
Z
,X,=&
1
Jho kn 0=1
..=1l
k
,=
1
//=ll0
l $"p ph* Rm
/
Z 1.=X1 Jho hx ,=l
.l=k,
o
,=
.
/0=oX
6& )nh t%n $n tr=i t=4 cng tr>ng
Trang .0
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
*= Tn +" cng trhng= R@c chi* thnh 1 nh%mZ
9h%m e : l nh%m cng nhn jy <Sng c_ b^n <S* tr!n bi7
2 nhn lSc trong tin thi cng t* tnh @c +" cng nhn
l*o ng l4n nhAt tr!n cng trhng
111 = A R9ghiZ
9h%m ; : l nh%m cng nhn lm 5i?c trong cc jxng gi* cng
ph6 tr@
28 25 . 0 111 % 25 = = = x A B R9ghiZ
9h%m $ : l nh%m cn b cng nhn 5i!n kM tht
9h%m T : l nh%m cn b nhn 5i!n hnh chnh I^n tr3
( ) ( ) 7 111 28 % 5 % 5 = + = + = + B A %
R9ghiZ
9h%m c : l nh%m nhn 5i!n ph6c 56
( ) ( ) 15 7 28 111 1 . 0 % 10 = + + = + + + = % B A !
R9ghiZ
Tng +" cn b cng nhn 5i!n cng trhng l
( ) ( ) 171 7 15 28 111 06 . 1 06 , 1 = + + + = + + + + = ! % B A N
RnghiZ
8? +" ,(X& l k7 n .Y cng nhn * "m 5 0Y cng nhn
nghr ph#p
b= Tnh ton <i?n tch nh tHm
]n trHi cho cng nhn: V" cng nhn x trong ln trHi l
86 171 5 . 0 % 50 = = x N
Ti! chn nh x: /m
.
n, nghi

Ti?n tch ln trHi l:

( )
2
258 3 86 m x S = =
9h lm 5i?c cho nhn 5i!n kM tht 5 hnh chnh I^n tr3:
lAy nh%m $ 5 T lm cgn ci
Ti! chn 0m
.
nnghi

Ti?n tch nh lm 5i?c: ( )

2
28 4 7 m x =
sh{ng lm 5i?c chr hy trxng: , nghi 54i ti! chn l ,& m
.
9h tpm: ti! chn .1 nghin,ph{ng tpm .(1 m
.
+" ph{ng
tpm l:
7
25
171
=

tng <i?n tch nh tpm l: ( )

2
5 . 17 5 . 2 7 m x =
9h gn: ti! chn 0X m
.
cho ,XXX nghi <i?n tch nh gn l:
( )
2
84 . 6 1000 / 40 171 m x =
9h 5? +inh: ti! chn .1 nghin, h" rng .(1 m
.
cng trhng
g2m o nh 5? +inh( tng <i?n tch l ( )
2
5 . 17 5 . 2 7 m x =
sh{ng y t: ti! chn X(X0 m
.
n, nghi <i?n tch ph{ng y t
84 . 6 171 04 . 0 = x
<& Cung c3+ nc ch% cng tr>ng
]@ng n4c tng cng <Kng cho cng trhng l:
4 3 2 1
2
1
" " " " " + + + =
*= q
,
l@ng n4c <Kng cho +^n jAt
( ) ( )
( ) s l
n
K A S
"
g i i
/
3600 .
. .
1

=
Trang .1
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4

i
S
TrHm +^n jAt thi i <Kng n4c: , trHm trn b! tng( , trHm rP*
+zi ( , trHm trn 5:*( , trHm b^o <tng b! tng( , trHm ph*
ch m R5i 5CZ
e
i
l@ng n4c ti! chn <Kng cho trHm +^n jAt thi i trong mt c*
- , trHm trn b! tng : ,&=k/j/XX W 1Xok Rlnc*Z
- , trHm trn 5:* : R1=X1-.=oZj.1XW,k/o=1 klnc*Z
- , trHm b^o <tng b! tng : 0XX Rlnc*Z
- , trHm ph* ch m : ,XXRlnc*Z
- , trHm rP* : ,1=./ojkXX W ,/o,/=/ Rlnc*Z
- Tng cng l: .,..k=l Rlnc*Z

2 . 1 =
g
K
l h? +" +P <6ng n45 khng i) ho trong gih
8 = n l +" gih <Kng n4c

( ) s l
x
x
" / 9 . 0
3600 8
2 . 1 8 . 21229
1
= =
b=
2
"
l l@ng n4c <Kng cho +inh hoHt x cng trhng
( ) s l
n
K B N
"
g
/
3600 .
. .
2
=
9 l +" cng nhn trong c* ng nhAt
; l l@ng n4c ti! chn <Kng cho , nghi x cng trhng
( ) ng hi / 20 l B =

2 . 1 =
g
K
m 8 = n

( ) s l
x
x x
" / 15 . 0
3600 8
2 . 1 20 178
2
= =
c= 3
"
l l@ng n4c <Kng cho ci ho^
$gn ci thCo < chy 5 kh% chy cB* nh
$c kho( cnh cP*( c"p ph*( jimgng 5 ln trHi cng nhn l
nh:ng loHi nh < chy
$c kho th#p l loHi nh kh% chy
TF b^ng t* 4c l@ng @c l@ng n4c <Kng cho ci ho^ l :
( ) s l " / 10
3
=
<=
4
"
l l@ng n4c <Kng x kh ln trHi cng nhn
3600 . 24
. . .
1 1
4
g ng
K K B N
" =

1
N l +" nghi x trong ln trHi ( ) ng hi 86
1
= N

1
B l l@ng n4c ti! chn <Kng cho , nghi x kh ln trHi
( ) ng hi / 25
1
l B =
ng
K
l h? +" k7 n +" nghi +P <6ng n4c 2ng thhi
8 . 0 =
ng
K

2 . 1 =
g
K

( ) s l
x
x x x
" / 025 . 0
3600 24
2 . 1 8 . 0 25 86
4
= =
]@ng n4c tng cng cho cng trhng l:
( ) s l x " / 075 . 6 025 . 0 10 5 . 0 15 . 0 9 . 0 = + + + =
Tnh ton hng knh "ng <an n4c tHm
( ) m
x x
x
V
"
% 09 . 0
1000 1 14 . 3
075 . 6 4
1000 . .
. 4
= = =

>y t* chUn hng knh "ng <an n4c c% hng knh ,XX RmmZ
Trang .&
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
94c @c lAy tF mHng l4i cAp n4c cB* thnh ph"( chAt l@ng b^o
^m
hng "ng @c t + <4i At .1 cm
9h:ng oHn hng "ng i I* hng gi*o thng ) c% tAm
*n b^o 5?
hng "ng n4c @c lpp t thCo tin tri7n cB* thi cng 5 lpp
t thCo +_ 2 ph"i h@p 5F* nhnh c6t 5F* 5{ng kn=
M& Cung c3+ -in ch% cng tr>ng
*Z Tnh ton cng +At i?n
Tng cng +At i?n ti! th6 tr!n cng trhng tnh thCo cng thic

+ + + =

4 4 3 3 2 2
1 1
. . .
.
1 . 1 $ K $ K $ K
&s
$ K
$
t

1
$
l tng l@ng i?n ti! th6 cho cc loHi my +P <6ng i?n
ng c_
;*o g2m:
- Dy trn b! tng <ng tch .1X RlZ :
( ) K' $ 1 . 4 =
- Dy trn 5:*:
( ) K' $ 3 =
- 'm <Ki:
( ) K' $ 1 =
- 'm bn:
( ) K' $ 1 =
- $'n tr6c thp:
( ) K' $ 9 =
- 8*i 5n thgng:
( ) K' x $ 4 . 4 2 . 2 2 = =

( ) K' $ 5 . 22 4 . 4 9 1 1 3 1 . 4
1
= + + + + + =

&s
8? +" hi? +At ng c_:
7 . 0 = &s
2
$
Tng l@ng i?n ti! th6 cho cc my +P <6ng i?n trSc tip

( )

= = K' $ $ 8 . 2
2 myhn
3
$
Tng l@ng i?n <Kng cho chi +ng ngoi trhi: lAy
( )

= K' $ 5
3
4
$
Tng l@ng i?n <Kng cho chi +ng trong nh: lAy
( )

= K' $ 10
3
i
K
cc h? +" +P <6ng i?n khng 2ng thhi ph6 thc 5o cc
nh%m thit b3
7 . 0
2 1
= = K K

8 . 0
3
= K

1
4
= K

( ) K' x x x
x
$
t
3 . 42 10 1 5 8 . 0 8 . 2 7 . 0
7 . 0
5 . 22 7 . 0
1 . 1 =

+ + + =
bZ Thit k mHng l4i i?n
$hUn hng <y i?n / ph* R/lX>n..X>Z= Ty i?n lm
bng 5t li? nhm
Tit <i?n <y <an @c tnh thCo cng thic:
( )
2
2
. .
. . 100
mm
( v K
l $
S
d

=

l l chi) <i <y i?n tF i7m ' n n_i ti! th6= T* b" tr
hng i?n chHy jng I*nh cng trnh

( ) m l 2 . 77 =
( ) K' $ 3 . 42 =
d
(
i?n th cB* <y W /lX R>Z
Trang .o
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
v +6t th cho ph#p W 1Y
5 . 34 = K i?n <an +At cB* <y nhm

$ng +At cB* trHm bin th

( ) K'
&s
$
$
bt
4 . 60
7 . 0
3 . 42
= = =

T^i trUng tr!n ,m chi) <i cB* hng <y <an i?n l:
( ) m K' q / 1833 . 0
2 . 77
15 . 14
= =
Tng cc m mCn t^i tr!n mt nhnh:
( ) K'm
x l q
$l 2 . 546
2
2 . 77 1833 . 0
2
.
2 2
= = =

tit <i?n hng <y: ( )

2
2
3
2 . 2
380 5 5 . 34
10 2 . 546 100
mm
x x
x x
S = =
$hUn tit <i?n <y nhm ( )
2
10 mm S = cho tAt c^ cc <y <an
i?n ngoi trhi
hng i?n @c chn ng'm <4i At ( cch mt At /X cm( nm
trong "ng nhS* b^o 5? 5 @c trnh n4c
I,. -i!n php thi cng (. an to.n $ao /ng
.& Bin +h+ thi cng
*= c i7m cng trnh
y l cng trnh thi cng ton kh"i( <o % {i hzi y! c'
kM tht c*o( chnh jc( thi cng nh*nh ch%ng( li!n t6c= Thi cng
Trang .l
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
thCo ph_ng php <y chy)n( ln chy7n 5 thi cng 5o mK*
h 5 5y c'n ch~ cng tc <tng h b! tng( 2ng thhi ph^i
^m b^o @c thhi gi*n thi cng cho tFng <y chy)n 7 ^m
b^o @c tin thi cng E t r*=
b= $ng tc 5n khn
Jhi ch tHo 5n khn c'n ^m b^o nh:ng y! c': >n
khn ph^i ^m b^o n 3nh( cing 5 b)n( chpc
chpn( kn kt( khng cong 5!nh( ^m b^o ~ng hnh <Hng(
~ng kch th4c thCo b^n 5 thit k= ;) mt 5n khn ph^i
nhn 7 hnh <Hng cA ki?n b! tng ton kh"i khng b3 jA 5
k#m chAt l@ng= [i:* cc 5n khn gh#p 54i nh* khng @c c% k
hx 7 khng b3 ch^y mAt n4c ji mgng khi b! tng( 5n khn
ph^i @c tho lpp 5 +P <6ng lHi nhi) l'n=
>n khn ct
Tr4c khi t c"t ph* m%ng( t* c'n jc 3nh tim ct
<Uc ng*ng cho chnh jc= Tin hnh gh#p 5n khn ct
thCo kch th4c E 3nh= Jhi gh#p ch~ rng 5n khn
ct ph^i @c gi: chpc( nhng < tho lpp 5' trnh 5*
chHm=
$c 5n khn ct @c gi* cng thnh 0 tAm gh#p 5o
nh* thCo ~ng kch th4c thit k( x rnh ct c% kho#t
ly 7 li!n kt 54i c"t ph* <'m( chn ct ph^i c% ly cP* nhz
7 ^m b^o lm 5? +inh tr4c khi b! tng= >4i chi)
c*o myi .=1m t* ph^i t mt ly cP* 7 b! tng= >
b! tng I* c*o <o r_i tS <o + b3 phn t'ng=
\c 3nh tim ng*ng 5 <Uc ct ( ghim khng 3nh 53
5n khn ct l!n m%ng hoc +n b! tng( khng 3nh 53
ph^i t ~ng toH < 5 c*o trnh Ii 3nh 7 lpp 5n
khn <'m 5o 5n ct @c jc 3nh= TKng <y +@i ki7m
tr* tim 5 cHnh( ch"ng 5 nCo kM 7 gi: cho m*ng gy E
gh#p 5o ~ng 53 tr tr4c khi =
>n khn <'m
Tr4c ht t* lpp 5n y 5 ct ch"ng <4i tr4c( +* % m4i
lpp 5n thnh= $c 5n thnh cB* <'m ph^i @c l2ng 5o
cc ly li!n kt x ' ct 5 c" 3nh bng cc th*nh ji!n=
>n thnh khng @c %ng inh 5o 5n y 7 ^m
b^o tho <t 5n thnh < <ng( thn ti?n=
Jhi 5n khn c% chi) c*o l4n( c% th7 b jng th!m
ging Rbng th#p <y( b lng==Z 7 li!n kt h*i thnh
5n khn <'m= THi 53 tr ging c'n c% cc th*nh c: tHm
thhi x trong hp khn 7 c" 3nh b) rng 5n khn
<'m= Trong I trnh b! tng cc th*nh c: @c lAy r*
<'n n % l cc th*nh gy( c{n n <Kng th#p lm th*nh
c: th t* 7 ln trong % khi b! tng=
>n khn +n
Trang .k
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
t j g2 5 ct ch"ng 5o ~ng 53 tr thit k( +*
% m4i t gi 5o 5n <i)m= Jhi 5n khn +n t l!n
5n khn thng( np t <'m ph^i li!n kt 54i +hn 5n
khn thng= 8oc th*y bng <'m gy tS* l!n hng ct t
+ong +ong +t thng 7 t 5n khn +n R p <6ng khi 5n
khn thng c'n tho <t tr4c 5n khn +nZ= >n khn +n
y! c' ph^i kn( kht( trnh khC hx lm ch^y n4c ji mgng=
! c' gy ph^i phng( m khng I ,lY= Jhi
kho^ng cch gi:* cc <'m +n b! tng l4n( thhng ph^i t
th!m cc ct ch"ng x <4i <'m t +n=
c= $ng tc c"t th#p
$"t th#p tr4c khi m*ng i t 7 b! tng c'n ph^i @c
nh gr( npn thng= $pt 5 "n c"t th#p thnh hnh <Hng 5
kch th4c thCo ~ng y! c' thit k cho tFng th*nh cB* myi loHi
cA ki?n= Trhng h@p ph^i tgng kh^ ngng ch3 lSc hoc th#p khng
~ng +" hi? ph^i thng I* cn b kM tht 7 c% bi?n php +P
l=
Jhng c"t th#p @c hn 5 bc bng <y th#p m)m c% G
hng knh ,mm= Trhng h@p khi n"i bc ph^i "n mz 5 kho^ng
cch oHn gh#p n"i W R /XG 01Z hng knh c"t th#p= Trhng h@p
th*nh th#p c% hng knh l4n h_n ..( 7 tit ki?m th#p 5 nng
c*o chAt l@ng cng trnh 2ng thhi 7 r~t ngpn thhi gi*n thi
cng t* <Kng ph_ng php hn n"i= Jhi n"i hn th ' th*nh
th#p khng c'n "n mz 5 kho^ng cch gh#p n"i l R .XG /XZ G
hng knh c"t th#p=
]4p b! tng c% chi) <y b^o 5? ph^i ^m b^o chi) <y tF
R.G /Zcm( c'n ph^i ch tHo +n nh:ng ming ?m b! tng hoc
bgng nhS*= "i 54i nh:ng cA ki?n th#p c'n "n t* <Kng 5*m hoc
th4t "n= Trhng h@p nh:ng th*nh th#p c% v ,. thhng "n bng
t*y( 54i ,0 trx l!n t* <Kng th4t "n= >4i c"t th#p ct +* khi lm 5?
+inh( th#p ph^i hn RbcZ thnh khng 3nh hnh r2i <Sng lpp
bng c'n c hoc bng r{ng rUc 5o ~ng 53 tr( tip % hn
hoc bc 54i cc c"t th#p chh r2i m4i lpp c"p ph*=
>4i c"t th#p <'m: +* khi lm 5? +inh( cpt "n c"t th#p
3nh hnh t* hn Rbc thnh khngZ r2i t 5o 53 tr +* khi
t 5n y( tip +* m4i gh#p 5n thnh= >4i c"t th#p +n t*
tin hnh gh#p c"p ph* tr4c +* % m4i <n +pt hn bc thnh l4i
thCo ~ng kho^ng cch thit k= V* khi t jong c"t th#p( c'n
ph^i ki7m tr* kch th4c c"t th#p( kho^ng cch gi:* cc l4p c"t
th#p( nh:ng chy gi*o nh* E @c bc hoc hn h*y ch*= $hi)
<y l4p b! tng b^o 5? Rkho^ng cch gi:* l4p c"t th#p 5 5n
khnZ= V*i +" cho ph#p khng @c 5@t I* Iy 3nh= Jho^ng
cch( 53 tr( +" l@ng cc ming k!= Ji7m tr* 5:ng chpc
3nh cB* khng c"t th#p( ^m b^o khng b3 ( khng b3 bin
<Hng khi 5 'm b! tng=
<= $ng tc b! tng
Trang /X
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
9gy!n tpc chng
;! tng 5n chy7n n ph^i ng*y
b! tng tF tr!n c*o j"ng( bpt ' tF chy + nhAt(
khng b! tng r_i tS <o I ,=1m Rgy phn t'ng
b! tngZ gy 5t 5n khn=
$hi) <y myi l4p b! tng ph^i ^m b^o 'm thA
+"t 7 b! tng @c c chpc=
;! tng ph^i li!n t6c( n ph^i 'm
n %( tF n g'n=
9goi r* c{n ph^i tn thB Ii trnh( Ii phHm 5) chAt
l@ng 5t li? thnh ph'n cAp ph"i ^m b^o ~ng thCo
thit k( ~ng tb l? \:$::9= Tr4c khi b! tng ph^i
ki7m tr* 5n khng( c"t th#p lm 5? +inh 5n khn( t4i
n4c cho 5n khn n c'n= Ji7m tr* jCm 5:* b! tng
c% b3 phn t'ng h*y khng( n b3 phn t'ng th cc
ph_ng ti?n 5n chy7n c'n ph^i kn kht 7 trnh
khng b3 ch^y n4c ji mgng= q* trnh 5n chy7n 5:*
b! tng l!n c*o <Kng c'n tr6c 5 my 5n thgng( c{n 5n
chy7n x <4i t* <Kng jC c^i tin=
Dt +" ch~
Jhi b! tng thCo h4ng hpt tin b! tng < b3 phn
t'ng m tF j* t4i g'n( l4p +* ~p l!n l4p tr4c 7 trnh
phn t'ng
Jhi 5n chy7n c'n ^m b^o +S 2ng nhAt cB* 5:*(
5:* @c 5n chy7n trong thhi gi*n ngpn nhAt( +*o thhi
gi*n Ay th ji mgng khng b3 ng kt=
T6ng c6 chi* b! tng khi 5n chy7n n chy
c'n ph^i @c +Hch +( trnh nh:ng tHp chAt lan trong
ct( 5 ph^i jc 3nh kh"i l@ng chnh jc= Trhng h@p
b! tng x c*o ,Xm( ph^i <Kng "ng 5{i 5oi( cc
ph cB* "ng ph^i bng tn <y R,=1G .Zmm hnh tr{n(
c6t c% hng knh tF R..G ./Zcm( c*o tF R1XG oXZcm @c
n"i 54i nh* bng cc m%c= Jho^ng cch tF mi?ng "ng
n mt b! tng w ,=1m= $hi) <y myi l4p b!
tng ph6 thc 5o ph_ng php trn( kho^ng cch
5n chy7n( kh^ ngng 'm 5 i) ki?n kh h thG
hng <y tF R.XG /XZcm=
Trong trhng h@p "i 54i <'m <i( chi) c*o tF lXcm trx
l!n th khng n!n , l4p ht chi) <i <'m( m n!n
chi* thnh nhi) l4p oHn g"i l!n nh* R thCo ki)
bc th*ngZ= D%ng l4n cng thCo ki) ny=
DHch ngFng
Trhng h@p *ng b! tng m ph^i nghr hoc khi thi
cng kh"i l@ng b! tng l4n( <i?n tch rng m khng th7
li!n t6c th khng @c ngFng tf ti?n m ph^i 7
Trang /,
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
mHch ngFng x nh:ng chy Ii 3nh= % l nh:ng chy m
ni lSc nhz nhAt 7 khng lm ^nh hxng n I
trnh lm 5i?c cB* kt cA( mHch ngFng c% th 7 x
nh:ng n_i c% +S th*y i 5) 5n khn 5 nhn cng=
Jhi b! tng ct( mHch ngFng @c b" tr x mHch tr!n
cB* m%ng( x ph'n ph* tr!n g%c n"i gi:* ct 5 <'m
khng= 9 <'m c% chi) c*o l4n h_n lXcm th mHch
ngFng b" tr x trong <'m=
9 h4ng b! tng 5ng g%c 54i <'m ph6 th mHch
ngFng pt cch <'m hoc bi!n thng mt oHn bng
,n0 nh3p <'m chnh= ${n n h4ng b! tng +ong
+ong 54i <'m ph6 th mHch ngFng t bng ,n/ nh3p
<'m ph6=
Trong cc +n khng +hn th mHch ngFng t tHi 53 tr
bAt kf( +ong +ong 54i cHnh ngpn cB* +hn=
'm b! tng
Dy 'm b! tng lm 5i?c thCo ngy!n l chAn ng
b) mt= Jhi my gy chAn ng( lSc m* +t gi:* cc
hHt c"t li? gi^m i= To % ch~ng lpng j"ng 5 ln
cht nh* tHo n!n c chpc cho hy h@p b! tng=
2ng thhi <o chAn ng( 5:*( ji mgng( ct @c <2n l!n
tr!n mt hoc @c <2n r* mt 5n khn tHo l4p b^o 5?
bUc chpc chpn kh"i b! tng trnh @c mi trhng jm
thSc lm gr c"t th#p=
q* trnh 'm ph^i ~ng Ii cch thhi gi*n= 'm n
khi b) mt ni 5ng ji mgng th i 53 tr= Jhng
'm I nhi)( < gy hi?n t@ng phn t'ng= >4i cc
kt cA mzng c% chi) <y <4i .Xcm t* <Kng 'm bn(
c{n w .Xcm t* <Kng 'm <Ki= Trhng h@p 54i ct t* c% th7
'm bng ph_ng php thB cng= Jho^ng cch t
'm <Ki l ,=1` R ` l bn knh tc <6ng cB* 'mZ 5
mi <Ki ph^i t + j"ng l4p b! tng tr4c R <4iZ tF R1G
,XZcm 7 li!n kt . l4p 54i nh*= Jhi chy7n 'm <Ki
khng @c tpt ng c_ 5 ph^i r~t l!n tF tF 7 trnh
7 lHi ly hng trong b! tng= Jhi 'm trnh lm +*i
l?ch c"t th#p + lm gi^m kh^ ngng li!n kt cB* c"t th#p
5 trnh hi?n t@ng 'm n m4i k! th#p n %=
;^o <hng b! tng
7 ^m b^o cho b! tng c% i) ki?n ng cing
thch h@p( lm cho chng cB* n% tgng l!n t* ph^i tin
hnh <tng h= 9 +* khi b! tng gp thhi tit
npng( khng kh kh( gi% thi +* khi b! tng
jong= V* R.G/ hZ t* ph^i <Kng cc tAm b*o t^i( mHt c*(
ct 5 t4i n4c 3nh kf 54i tW ,1
X
$ trx l!n ph^i t4i n4c 7
thhng jy!n gi: m= Trhng h@p gp ph^i trhi m* to( m*
k#o <i ph^i +P <6ng bi?n php chC chpn( y cho kt
Trang /.
n t chc thi cng AI
Cao c Th 43XD4
cA b! tng( trnh 7 n4c m* lm cho +%i lx( +*i cAp
ph"i= Jhi chng b! tng Ht .1Y chng thit k
th tho n4c 7 l@i <6ng n4c m* b^o I^n <tng b! tng=
C= Tho <t 5n khn
>i?c tho <t 5n khn chr @c tin hnh +* khi b!
tng E Ht @c chng c'n thit= Tho thCo ngy!n
tpc +*:
>4i 5n khn ch3 lSc: lpp tr4c th*o +*
>4i 5n khn khng ch3 lSc: lpp +* tho tr4c
sh^i tho tF tr!n j"ng= $c ct ch"ng 5n y cB* <'m
c'n 7 b! tng Ht ,XXY chng m4i tho ht= "i 54i
nh nhi) t'ng( c% +n b! tng tHi chy( khi tho 5n
khn c'n ch~ chr tho 5n khn cB* +n
/& An t%"n $:% -ng
7 g%p ph'n 5o chAt l@ng cng trnh @c t"t= 9goi nh:ng
y! c' 5) t"c thi cng nh*nh gUn( kt cA ph^i @c b" tr
~ng kM tht th kh *n ton trong thi cng cng l , 5An )
c'n I*n tm cht ch=
$h~ng t* bit rng 54i nh:ng cng trnh 2 +( t*i nHn rAt
< j^y r*( chr c'n +_ jAt nhz + Cm lHi hi? I^ I*n trUng
cho cng trnh cng nh cho cng nhn jy <Sng= > 5y "i 54i
nh:ng nghi thi cng cng tnh ph^i bit , +" ni Ii *n ton
trong I trnh thi cng +P <6ng(
sh^i +P <6ng cc kh tr*ng b3 nh tAt t*y( Bng hoc <y
trong khi 5n chy7n gHch( h2 5 cc 5t li? khc= ;it lpp t
gin gio +*o cho ^m b^o cing khng lng l*y( < <i chy7n
tr!n %= ;it +P <6ng mt +" my c'n cho c( lpp('m= sh^i
Co mt nH khi hn th#p=
sh^i <Kng tAm hHt bHt ct to b*o I*nh cng trnh 5 l4i t <4i
7 hoc b! tng r_i j"ng trong I trnh thi cng= Thi cng
cc cng 5i?c tr!n c*o nh gh#p 5n khn ( n"i c"t th#p tr!n c*o==
cng nhn ph^i Co <y *n ton= Jhi k#o thng c"t th#p ph^i
lm n_i c% hng ro= Jhi t c"t th#p 5o <'m j( nghi th@
khng @c ing 5o thnh 5n khn= 9_i t c"t th#p c% <{ng
i?n chHy I* ph^i c% bi?n php ) ph{ng i?n hx= >n chy7n
5n li? l!n c*o ph^i ki7m tr* m"i bc tr4c khi c= sh^i ki7m tr*
b^o <tng <y cp c( thgng t^i thhng jy!n= $'n c% bi7n thng
bo( nhpc nhx thic *n ton cho mUi nghi= $hn b3 cc hUng
ci ho^ ) ph{ng khi j^y r* +S c" cho cng trhng=
T%m lHi: 7 ^m b^o *n ton cho cng trnh th nghi thi cng
c'n tn thB mt cch cht ch( nghi!m t~c mUi y! c' 5 hG
4ng <an cB* cn b kM tht
Trang //