THC VT NGOI LAI

Nguyn Th Lan Thi

nh ngha
Loi nhp ni hay loi ngoi lai l loi c mang n a im nm ngoi vng phn b a l t
nhin ca chng do v tnh hoc c mc ch ca con ngi. Sau khi xm nhp vo mi trng mi,
cc loi ngoi ny m rng phm vi phn b vo vng a l mi v tr thnh loi xm ln.
C di l nhng loi thc vt mc ni m con ngi khng mong mun.
Tt c cc loi thc vt ngoi lai u l c di mi trng trong cc vn quc gia, khu bo tn.
V dng sng, thc vt ngoi lai c th l cc loi thn g, thn tho, dy leo, c th l cy lu nm
cng nh cy mt nm. Ngun gc ca cc loi ngoi lai thng khc nhau cc quc gia.

MI LOI THC VT NGOI LAI XM LN NGUY HIM NHT VIT NAM

Mimosa pigra L.
Mai dng- FABACEAE

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
C M- POACEAE

Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solm.
Lc bnh- PONTEDERIACEAE

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
C Lo- POACEAE

Pistia stratiotes L.
Bo ci- ARACEAE

Lantana camara L.
Thm i- VERBENACEAE

Urochloa mutica (Forst.) T.Q.Nguyen
C lng ty- POACEAE

Bidens pilosa L.
Kim chm- ASTERACEAE

Panicum repens L.
C ng- POACEAE

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray.
Sn qu- ASTERACEAE

Phng php kho st thc vt ngoi lai ngoi thc a
Thc vt ngoi lai thng hin din nhng ni m mi trng b xo trn, vng m tip gip gia
cc sinh cnh: ven ng, ven sng, ven sui, knh rch, ven ao, h, m, cc vng t ngp nc,
ven cc li mn trong rng, cc vng t b b hoang, trng c, khu vc nng ry c
C th kho st, thu mu cc loi thc vt ngoi lai theo tuyn (transect) hoc thit lp mu
(quadrat). di ca tuyn kho st v kch thc, hnh dng ca mu ty thuc vo mc ch kho
st. Ngi ta thng s dng mu c dng hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung vi cc kch thc
0,25m
2
(0,5m x 0,5m), 1m
2
(1m x 1m), 100m
2
(10m x 10m).
Cch thc thu mu, x l mu, bo qun mu, lu tr mu tng t nh cch thc dng chung cho
cc loi thc vt (xem thm phn Phn loi thc vt bc cao...).
Cch thc x l s liu cng tng t nh cch thc dng chung cho cc loi thc vt (xem thm
phn Phn loi thc vt bc cao...).
Ngoi thc a, ngi ta thng thu thp thm mt s thng tin c lin quan n s xm ln ca thc
vt ngoi lai nhm nh gi nguy c xm ln ca loi no ti mt khu vc c th:
- Thu thp thng tin v thi im xut hin, a phng xut hin.
- Nguyn nhn gy xo trn lm cho thc vt ngoi lai xm ln khu vc (do ph rng, do chn th qu
mc, do hot ng du lch, do con ngi mang n trng).
- Con ng pht tn (nh nc, nh gi, nh con ngi hoc cc loi ng vt khc).
- Phng thc pht tn (sinh sn hu tnh hay sinh sn sinh dng hoc c c hai hnh thc sinh sn).
- Tc pht tn.
- Loi thin ch.
- Tc hi.
- Cng dng (nu c).