THI S 1 HC SINH GII TNH

Cu I:
1) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra gia cc cp ch!t "au #cc ch!t tan $%u & '(ng 'ung
')ch):
Cu * +,C-
.
/ +, * 0g12
.
#') / Cu3 * 4C- / 0g12
.
* 14
.
#') /
12
5
* 1a24 / I
5
* 0g12
.
/ 6r
5
* +,C-
5
/ 3i2
5
* 4+
5) Ch7 C-
5
' "8c ')ch 9ua 'ung :I ;< 'ung ')ch :6r= h>y ch7 ?it cc hi@n tAng xy raB Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng Cinh h7(D
.) 4<C -Ang ch7 phEp cFa 3 tr7ng cc -7(i nhiGn -i@u -< H=.I th,7 JhKi -AngD L xc $)nh h<C
-Ang cFa 3 tr7ng CMt -7(i nhiGn -i@u= ngNi ta -!y 1HH gaC nhiGn -i@u $ ;< $Kt chy h7<n t7<n= "n
phC t(7 ra gOC 32
5
= C2
5
;< hi nPcD QRn t7<n ?M -Ang JhS n<y ;<7 nPc $Ac THH C- 'ung ')ch
#gi "U t7<n ?M 32
5
;<7 nPc)D V!y 1H C- 'ung ')ch n<y $,C chun $M ;Pi 'ung ')ch :Wn2
X
nOng $M
H=HHTWD Yh tSch 'ung ')ch :Wn2
X
cZn '[ng -< 15=TC-D 4\i -7(i nhiGn -i@u trGn c $Ac phEp "U '8ng
Jh]ngB Y(i "a7B
Cu II:
1) 4Ap ch!t ^ $Ac t(7 ?&i 5 nguyGn tK 0 ;< 6 c W
^
_ `aD 0 ;< 6 c "K 7xi h7 ca7 nh!t tr7ng cc
7xit -< *n
H
;< *C
H
/ c "K 7xi h7 C tr7ng cc hAp ch!t ;Pi 4i$r7 -< n
4
;< C
4
D Cc "K 7xi h7 n<y th7
C>n cc $i%u Ji@n "au : 0
n
_ H
n
;< 0
m
_. H
m
D 4>y ch7 ?it c]ng thc phn tU ;< tGn cFa ^D 6it
tr7ng hAp ch!t ^= 0 th hi@n "K 7xi h7 ca7 nh!tD
5) WMt Jh7ng ;bt c th<nh phZn ;% JhKi -Ang cc nguyGn tK -<: 1.=``I1a / `=1cIWg/ T`=XcI2 /
5=.dI4 ;< cen -(i -< CMt nguyGn tK JhcD 4>y xc $)nh c]ng thc cFa Jh7ng ;bt $B
.) 47< tan h7<n t7<n CMt -Ang 7xit +,
x
2
y
?fng 'ung ')ch 4
5
32
X
$c nng thu $Ac 5=5X -St 32
5
&
#$Jtc)D ghZn 'ung ')ch $,C c] c(n $Ac 15H gaC CuKi JhanD Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ;<
tC c]ng thc cFa 7xit +,
x
2
y
D
Cu III:
1) C T 'ung ')ch: 1a
5
C2
.
= 1aC-/ 1a24 / :432
X
/ 6a#24)
5
#Chi 'ung ')ch c nOng $M H=1 C7-i-)
cha tr7ng T -j Jh]ng ghi nh>nD :h]ng '[ng thuKc thU= chk ?fng cc tha7 tc $n gin c th nhbn ra
$Ac 'ung ')ch n<7 tr7ng "K cc 'ung ')ch trGnB Y(i "a7B
5) Yr7ng CMt ?nh JSn 'ung tSch Jh]ng $li -< X -St cha H=aX gaC ?Mt 3 ;< hhn hAp JhS 32
5
=2
5
c[ng
CMt St xmc tc V
5
2
T
#& 5`
H
C p "u!t 1=d` atC)D Yn JhKi cFa hhn hAp JhS "7 ;Pi 4
5
-< 51D 6bt tia -a $i@n
$Kt chy ht 3 ;< $a nhi@ $M ?nh ;% .5`
H
C= p "u!t tr7ng ?nh -< p atCD 1u 'Rn hhn hAp n<y 9ua
'ung ')ch 6a#24)
5
c ' th $Ac C gaC Jt tFaD Cen nu 'Rn hhn hAp JhS n<y 9ua 'ung ')ch 4
5
2
5
c
'= "au $ ch7 phn ng ;Pi 'ung ')ch 6a#24)
5
th $Ac tKi $a C * H=aX gaC CMt Jt tFa 'uy nh!tD
YSnh p ;< tSnh hi@u "u!t cFa phn ng 7xi h7 32
5
#xmc tc V
5
2
T
)D
Cu IV:
:hi nung C gaC hhn hAp 0 gOC :Wn2
X
;< :C-2
.
thu $Ac JhS 2
5
;< hhn hAp ron 6D Yr7ng 6 c
H=cdX gaC :C- chiC c=1.5I th,7 JhKi -Ang #6 Jh]ng cen :C-2
.
)D VAng JhS 2
5
t(7 ra & trGn $Ac
trMn ;Pi Jh]ng JhS th,7 tn -@ th tSch tng ng -< 1:.= thu $Ac thu $Ac hhn hAp JhS QD 3au Jhi ch7
hhn hAp Q $Kt chy ht H=T5c gaC C= thu $Ac hhn hAp JhS p gOC . JhS= tr7ng $ c 55=d5 I C2
5
th,7 th tSchD 4\i C c th nhbn nhng gi tr) n<7 $ c th th7> C>n $i%u Ji@n cFa ?<i t7nD YSnh I
JhKi -Ang cc ch!t tr7ng 0 ng ;Pi gi tr) cFa CD # 6it Jh]ng JhS c 5HI th tSch 2
5
= cHI -< 1
5
)D
THI S 2 HC SINH GII TNH
Bi I :
1i Yr7ng tq nhiGn 7xi c . $Ong ;):
O
1a
_ dd=`a% / O
1`
_ H=HX% / O
1c
_ H=5
rii thSch ; "a7 JhKi -Ang nguyGn tU trung ?nh cFa 7xi -(i ?fng 1T=dddX $;CD
5i 4Ap ch!t W t(7 ?&i 5 nguyGn tK ^ ;< s= ch7 ?it:
t Ylng "K . -7(i h(t tr7ng nguyGn tU ^ -< T5= h7 tr) ca7 nh!t cFa ^ ;Pi 7xi g!p ` -Zn h7 tr)
cFa ^ ;Pi hi$r]D
t s thuMc c[ng chu J ;Pi ^= c c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n: DDDnp
1
D
a) ^c $)nh "K th tq ^= s tr7ng ?ng h@ thKng tuZn h7<n ;< gji tGn 5 nguyGn tKD
?) ^c $)nh c]ng thc phn tU= ;it c]ng thc c!u t(7 cFa W ?it hi@u $M C $i@n gia ^ ;< s
c gi tr) tuy@t $Ki nh\ hn 1=``D :hKi -Ang phn tU cFa W -< 5a`D
.i Ch7 5 nguyGn tK
A
1a ;<
B
5d D 4>y ;it cc c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n ch7 Chi nguyGn tK & tr(ng thi
Jh]ng JSch thSch ;< tr(ng thi JSch thSchD Whi c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n $ ng ;Pi Jh nung ch7 Cc 7xi
h7 n<7 cFa nguyGn tKB
Bi II :
1i :hi "8c JhS C-
5
9ua 'ung ')ch Ca#24)
5
= tuv $i%u Ji@n phn ng c th ch7 CuKi Ca2C-
5
hay
Ca#C-2)
5
D
a) Vit phng trnh phn ngD
?) 38c JhS C2
5
tw tw tPi ' 9ua 'ung ')ch Ca2C-
5
;< 'ung ')ch Ca#C-2)
5
h>y ;it cc phng
trnh phn ngD
5i C hhn hAp Wg32
X
DT4
5
2 ;< Cu32
X
D`4
5
2D 6fng thqc nghi@C nGu cch xc $)nh th<nh phZn %
JhKi -Ang twng CuKi tr7ng hhn hAp= $a ra c]ng thc tlng 9ut tSnh % JhKi -Ang twng CuKi= gii
thSch cc $(i -Ang tr7ng c]ng thcD
.i :h]ng '[ng thGC thuKc thU nGu cch nhbn ra T 'ung ')ch "au:
1aC-= 4
5
32
X
= Cu32
X
= 6aC-
5
= 1a24D Vit phng trnh phn ngD
Bi III : 1ung +,3
5
tr7ng Jh]ng JhS= Jt thmc phn ng thu $Ac CMt hhn hAp JhS c th<nh phZn:
`% 32
5
/ 1H% 2
5
/ c.% 1
5
th,7 "K C7-D Lun hhn hAp JhS tr7ng ?nh JSn #c xmc tc) & cHH:= xy ra
phn ng:
532
5
* 2
5
532
.
:p _ 1=51D1H
T
D
a) YSnh $M chuyn h7 #% "K C7-) 32
5
th<nh 32
.
& cHH:= ?it p "u!t tr7ng ?nh -mc n<y -< 1
atC= "K C7- hhn hAp JhS ?an $Zu #Jhi cha $un nng) -< 1HH C7-D
?) 1u tung p "u!t -Gn 5 -Zn= tSnh $M chuyn h7 32
5
th<nh 32
.
= nhbn xEt ;% "q chuyn ')ch
cn ?fngD
Bi IV : LKt chy h7<n t7<n . gaC CMt CRu than c cha t(p ch!t 3D :hS thu $Ac ch7 h!p th8
h7<n t7<n ?&i H=T -St 'ung ')ch 1a24 1=TW $Ac 'ung ')ch 0= cha 5 CuKi ;< c xmt 'D Ch7 JhS
C-
5
#') "8c ;<7 'ung ')ch 0= "au Jhi phn ng x7ng thu $Ac 'ung ')ch 6= ch7 'ung ')ch 6 tc
'8ng ;Pi 'ung ')ch 6aC-
5
' thu $Ac a gaC Jt tFa= nu h7< tan -Ang Jt tFa n<y ;<7 'ung ')ch
4C- ' cen -(i .=XdT gaC ch!t ronD
1tYSnh % JhKi -Ang C/ 3 tr7ng CRu than= tSnh aD
5tYSnh nOng $M C7-i-St cc ch!t tr7ng 'ung ')ch 0= th tSch JhS C-
5
#$Jtc) $> thaC gia phn ngD

THI S 3 HC SINH GII TNH
Bi I:
1i Yr7ng tq nhiGn ] xi c . $Ong ;) :

1a
2 _ dd=`aI /
1`
2 _ H=HXI/
1c
2 _ H=5I
rii thSch ; "a7 JhKi -Ang nguyGn tU trung ?nh cFa ] xi -(i ?fng 1T=dddX$;c
5i 4Ap ch!t W t(7 ?&i 5 nguyGn tK ^ ;< s= ch7 ?it :
t Ylng "K . -7(i h(t tr7ng nguyGn tU ^ -< T5= h7 tr) ca7 nh!t cFa ^ ;Pi ] xi g!p ` -Zn h7 tr)
cFa ^ ;Pi hi$r] D
t s thuMc c[ng chu J ;Pi ^= c c!u hnh ,-,ctr7nDDDDnp
1
a) ^c $)nh "K th tq ^= s tr7ng ?ng h@ thKng tuZn h7<n ;< gji tGn 5 nguyGn tK D
?) ^c $)nh c]ng thc phn tU= ;it c]ng thc c!u t(7 cFa W ?it hi@u $M C $i@n gia ^ ;< s c
gi tr) tuy@t $Ki nh\ hn 1=``D :hKi -Ang phn tU cFa W -< 5a`D
.i Ch7 5 nguyGn tK
1a
0 ;<
5d
6D 4>y ;it cc c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n ch7 Chi nguyGn tK & tr(ng thi Jh]ng
JSch thSch ;< tr(ng thi JSch thSchD Whi c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n $ ng ;Pi Jh nung ch7 Cc ] xi h7
n<7 cFa nguyGn tK B
Bi II:
1i:hi "8c JhS C-
5
9ua 'ung ')ch Ca#24)
5
= tuv $i%u Ji@n phn ng c th ch7 CuKi Ca2C-
5
hay
Ca#C-2)
5

a) Vit phng trnh phn ng D
?) 38c JhS C2
5
tw tw tPi ' 9ua 'ung ')nh Ca2C-
5
;< 'ung ')nh Ca#C-2)
5
h>y ;it cc phng
trnh phn ng D
5i C hhn hAp Wg32
X
DT4
5
2;< Cu32
X
D`4
5
2D 6fng thqc nghi@C nGu cch xc $)nh th<nh phZn I
JhKi -Ang twng CuKi tr7ng hhn hAp = $a ra c]ng thc tlng 9ut tSnh I JhKi -Ang twng CuKi=
gii thSch cc $(i -Ang tr7ng c]ng thc D
.i:h]ng '[ng thGC thuKc thU nGu cch nhbn ra T 'ung ')nh "au:
1aC-= 4
5
32
X
= Cu32
X
= 6aC-
5
= 1a24D Vit phng trnh phn ng D
Bi III:
1i YSnh I "K C7- 1
5
2
X
?) phn -i th<nh 12
5
& 5`
H
C ;< 1atCD Ch7 JhKi -Ang riGng hhn hAp 1
5
2
X
;< 12
5
& $i%u Ji@n trGn -< .=5`5 gaCi-StD
5i & a.
H
C c cn ?fng :
1
5
2
X
512
5
:p _ 1=5`D
6it :p -< hfng "K cn ?fng $Ac tSnh ?fng ?iu thc : : _
X 5
5
g
) #g
5
O N
NO
Yr7ng $ g12
5
;< g1
5
2
X
-<
p "u!t riGng phZn cFa twng JhS
YSnh th<nh phZn hhn hAp JhS p "u!t chung -Zn -At -<: 1 atC= 1H atCD 1hbn xEt ;% "q chuyn ')ch
cn ?fngD
Bi IV:
Ch7 .=`c gaC hhn hAp 0 gOC Wg ;< 0- ;<7 5TH C- 'ung ')ch #^) cha 4C- 1W ;< 4
5
32
X
H=TW
$Ac 'ung ')ch 6 ;< X=.ac -St 4
5
#$Jtc)D
1D Chng Cinh rfng 'ung ')ch 6 ;Rn cen ' a xStD
5D YSnh I JhKi -Ang Chi JiC -7(i tr7ng hhn hAp 0D
.D YSnh th tSch 'ung ')ch C gOC 1a24 H=H5W ;< 6a#24)
5
H=H1W cZn $ trung h7< ht -Ang a
xSt cen ' tr7ng 'ung ')ch 6D ri "U cc phn ng xy ra h7<n t7<nD
THI S 4 HC SINH GII TNH
Bi 1:
1i Vit c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n ch7 cc nguyGn tU ;< i7n "au: ^
5*
#x _ 5a) / s #x _ X1) / W
a*
#x _ 5T)
5i Ch7 phn tU: C-+
.
h>y: t Vit c]ng thc c!u t(7/ Ch7 ?it Jiu -ai h7 tr7ng phn tU/ W] t
hnh '(ng phn tUD Ch7: #$M phn cqc) cFa phn tU -< 2=TT/ gc -iGn Jt +C-+ _ c`
H
.i LM phn -y nhi@t #tSnh th,7 I) & 1HHH : cFa cc ha-7g,n:
+
5
C-
5
6r
5
I
5
I X=. H=H.T H=5. 5=c
4>y nGu 9uy -ubt chung cFa "q ?in thiGn $M phn -y nhi@t= gii thSch "q ?!t thNng ;% $M phn
-y nhi@t tw +
5
$n C-
5
Bi 2:
1i xc $)nh "K 7xi h7 cFa cc nguyGn tU cc nguyGn tK tr7ng cc ch!t "au:
g2C-
.
/ 1a
5
3
5
2
.
/ 1a0uC-
X
/
5i Cn ?fng cc phng trnh phn ng "au:
Cu3 + 412
.
3 + 12 + . . .
CrI
.
+ :24 + C-
5
:
5
Cr2
X
+ :I2
X
+y
4g3 + 4C- + 412
.
4
5
4gC-
X
+ 12 + 3 + DDD
.i YSnh hi@u ng nhi@t cFa 5 phn ng "au:
514
.
+ .i5 2
5
1
5
+ . 4
5
2 #1)
514
.
+ Ti5 2
5
512 + .4
5
2 #5)
37 "nh Jh nung cFa 5 phn ng= gii thSch ; "a7 phn ng #5) cZn c xmc tcD
Ch7 nung -Ang -iGn Jt cFa:
14
.
2
5
1
5
4
5
2 12
JziC7- 11a1 Xd. dX5 d1d a5`
Bi 3:
-i C th tOn t(i nhng hhn hAp JhS "au $y Jh]ngB t(i "a7B 1u tOn t(i th tr7ng nhng $i%u
Ji@n n<7B 1u Jh]ng tOn t(i th ;it phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
4
5
;< 2
5
/ 2
5
;< C-
5
/ 4
5
;< C-
5
/ 4C- ;< 6r
5
/ 32
5
;< 2
5
/ 46r ;< C-
5
/ C2
5
;< 4C- / 4
5
3 ;< 12
5
/
4
5
3 ;< +
5
D
5i Ch7 cc tr) "K gc -iGn Jt: 1HH=.
H
/ d`=c
H
/ 1H1=T
H
/ 1H5
H
;< cc gc -iGn Jt ItgtI/ +tgt+/ C-tgt
C-/ 6rtgt6rD 4>y gn tr) "K ch7 Chi gc -iGn Jt ;< gii thSchD
Bi 4:
Ch7 C #g) CuKi ha-7g,n cFa CMt JiC -7(i Ji%C phn ng ;Pi 5HH C- 'ung ')ch axSt 4
5
32
X
$c=
nng #-!y ')D 3au Jhi phn ng xy ra h7<n t7<n thu $Ac JhS ^ ;< hhn hAp "n phC sD QRn JhS
^ 9ua 'ung ')ch g?#12
.
)
5
thu $Ac 5.=d #g) Jt tFa CZu $,nD V<C ?ay hi nPc cn thbn hhn hAp
"n phC s thu $Ac 1`1=5 #g) ch!t ron 0D 1ung 0 $n JhKi -Ang Jh]ng $li thu $Ac CuKi 'uy
nh!t 6 c JhKi -Ang ad=a#g)D 1u ch7 'ung ')ch 6aC-
5
-!y ' ;<7 s th thu $Ac Jt tFa { c JhKi
-Ang g!p 1 =a`X -Zn JhKi -Ang CuKi 6D
1i YSnh nOng $M C7-i1St cFa 'ung ')ch 4
5
32
X
;< C #g) CuKiD
5i ^c $)nh JiC -7(i Ji%C ;< ha-7g,nD
THI S 5 HC SINH GII TNH
Bi 1:
1i Vit c!u hnh ,-,ctr7n ch7 cc nguyGn tU ;< i7n "au: ^
5*
#x _ 5a) / s #x _ X1) / W
a*
#x _ 5T)
5i Ch7 phn tU: C-+
.
h>y: t Vit c]ng thc c!u t(7/ Ch7 ?it Jiu -ai h7 tr7ng phn tU/ W] t
hnh '(ng phn tUD Ch7: #$M phn cqc) cFa phn tU -< 2=TT/ gc -iGn Jt +C-+ _ c`
H
.i 1hng hAp ch!t "au= hAp ch!t n<7 Jhi nhi@t phn gii phng 2
5
B Vit phng trnh:
:C-2
.
= :24 = :Wn2
X
= Cu2 = 4g2 = 3i2
5
= CuC2
.
D
Bi 2:
1i xc $)nh "K 7xi h7 cFa cc nguyGn tU cc nguyGn tK tr7ng cc ch!t "au:
g2C-
.
/ 1a
5
3
5
2
.
/ 1a0uC-
X
/
5i Cn ?fng cc phng trnh phn ng "au:
Cu3 + 412
.
3 + 12 + . . .
CrI
.
+ :24 + C-
5
:
5
Cr2
X
+ :I2
X
+y
4g3 + 4C- + 412
.
4
5
4gC-
X
+ 12 + 3 + DDD
.i YSnh hi@u ng nhi@t cFa 5 phn ng "au:
514
.
+ .i5 2
5
1
5
+ . 4
5
2 #1)
514
.
+ Ti5 2
5
512 + .4
5
2 #5)
37 "nh Jh nung cFa 5 phn ng= gii thSch ; "a7 phn ng #5) cZn c xmc tcD
Ch7 nung -Ang -iGn Jt cFa:
14
.
2
5
1
5
4
5
2 12
JziC7- 11a1 Xd. dX5 d1d a5`
Bi 3 :
-i C th tOn t(i nhng hhn hAp JhS "au $y Jh]ngB t(i "a7B 1u tOn t(i th tr7ng nhng $i%u
Ji@n n<7B 1u Jh]ng tOn t(i th ;it phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
4
5
;< 2
5
/ 2
5
;< C-
5
/ 4
5
;< C-
5
/ 4C- ;< 6r
5
/ 32
5
;< 2
5
/ 46r ;< C-
5
/ C2
5
;< 4C- / 4
5
3 ;< 12
5
/
4
5
3 ;< +
5
D
5i Qung ')ch CuKi 0 c nOng $M XHI nu thGC ;<7 'ung ')ch 0 -Ang nPc ?fng -Ang nPc
$> c tr7ng 'ung ')ch 0 th nOng $M I cFa 'ung ')ch -< ?a7 nhiGuB
Bi 4:
Ch7 C #g) CuKi ha-7g,n cFa CMt JiC -7(i Ji%C phn ng ;Pi 5HH C- 'ung ')ch axSt 4
5
32
X
$c=
nng #-!y ')D 3au Jhi phn ng xy ra h7<n t7<n thu $Ac JhS ^ ;< hhn hAp "n phC sD QRn JhS
^ 9ua 'ung ')ch g?#12
.
)
5
thu $Ac 5.=d #g) Jt tFa CZu $,nD V<C ?ay hi nPc cn thbn hhn hAp
"n phC s thu $Ac 1`1=5 #g) ch!t ron 0D 1ung 0 $n JhKi -Ang Jh]ng $li thu $Ac CuKi 'uy
nh!t 6 c JhKi -Ang ad=a#g)D 1u ch7 'ung ')ch 6aC-
5
-!y ' ;<7 s th thu $Ac Jt tFa { c JhKi
-Ang g!p 1 =a`X -Zn JhKi -Ang CuKi 6D
1i YSnh nOng $M C7-i1St cFa 'ung ')ch 4
5
32
X
;< C #g) CuKiD
5i ^c $)nh JiC -7(i Ji%C ;< ha-7g,nD
THI S 6 HC SINH GII TNH
Bi 1:
1i 1Gu cch -7(i t(p JhS ra Jh\i cc hhn hAp JhS "au= ;it phng trnh phn ng:
t V7(i JhS 4C- ra Jh\i hhn hAp JhS 4C- ;< 4
5
3D
t V7(i JhS 32
5
ra Jh\i hhn hAp JhS C2
5
;< 32
5
D
t V7(i JhS 4C- ra Jh\i hhn hAp JhS 4C- ;< C-
5
D
t V7(i JhS 2
.
ra Jh\i hhn hAp JhS 2
.
;< 2
5
D
5i C cc 'ung ')ch "au: 6a#24)
5
/ :24 / 412
.
/ 4
5
32
X
c c[ng nOng $M . 4>y nGu cch nhbn ra twng 'ung
')ch= chk $Ac '[ng thGC 1 thuKc thU= ;it cc phng trnh phn ngD
.i rii thSch cc hi@n tAng "au= ;it phng trnh phn ng:
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