Nghiên C U M C Đ Hài Lòng C A Nhân Viên

Shu - Te University
College of Management
Graduate School of Business Administration
Master
Nghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng

ty in Lc Hi Dng, Tnh Hi Dng, Vit Nam.
Sinh vin: Phm Tun Ngc
ID : s99733421
Ngi hng dn: Dr. Wang Jau Shyong
Ngi ng hng dn: Dr. Sheng Jung Li
Dr. Nguyen Danh Nguyen
Business Administration
Graduate School of
Shu-Te University
Thng 9, nm 2013
Thesis
Mghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng ty

in Lc Hi Dng, Tnh Hi Dng, Vit Nam
Phm Tun Ngc
Thng 9, nm 2013
Nghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng ty

in Lc Hi Dng, Tnh Hi Dng, Vit Nam.
Sinh vin: Pham Tuan Ngoc

ID : s99733421
A Thesis
Submitted to the
College of Management
Shu-Te University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
Master of Science in
Business Administration
Thng 9, nm 2013
Shu-Te University
Nghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng ty
in Lc Hi Dng, Tnh Hi Dng, Vit Nam
Sinh vin: Pham Tuan Ngoc
Tm tt
Mc ch ca nghin cu ny l kim nghim mi quan h gia cc bin trong m
hnh JDI vi s hi lng tng th ca cng vic. Kt qu nghin cu thc nghim c
thc hin ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng vi 200 ngi lao ng c hi. Phng
php nghin cu s dng phng php nghin cu nh lng vi cc k thut thng k
a bin nh: kim nh bng Cronbach Alpha, phn tch khm ph nhn t, phn tch
tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh, phn tch phng sai. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy c
bn trong nm nhn t thuc m hnh JDI c cnh hng n s hi lng cng vic l
(1) cng vic, (2) c hi thng tin,(3) ng nghip v (4) lnh o. Trong cc yu t
nhn khu hc xem xt th yu t tui cho thy c nh hng n quan h ng
nghip v cng vic. Nghin cu cng a ra mt s hm kin ngh cho cc nh qun
l nhm nng cao mc hi lng vi cng vic ca ngi lao ng. Cui cng nghin
cu cng ch ra nhng hn ch v hng nghin cu trong tng lai cho cc nghin cu
tng t.
T kha: Hi lng cng vic, JDI, in lc.
Li cm n
Trong thi gian thc hin lun n ny, ti nhn c nhiu gip t nhiu
ngi. Nu khng c nhng gip, ti c th khng hon thnh lun n ca ti, v vy
ti xin by t li cm n n tt c cc bn.
Ti bit rng d n ny khng phi l thnh tch c nhn ca ti, nhng kt qu
ca nhiu ngi m ti s mi mi bit n. c bit, ti xin by t lng bit n chn
thnh ca ti ti gia nh ti trong sut qu trnh lm lun vn.
c bit cm n Tin s Jau-Shyong Wang hng dn ti t khi bt u cuc
hnh trnh ny, v lun lun c chia s kinh nghim v hng dn ca ng.
Ti cng xin cm n cc thnh vin hng dn khc ca ti v cc bn cng lp ca ti.
Mi ngi h tr trong vic pht trin v nh gi ca d n ny, v ti rt cm n
tt c.
Ti cng mun cm n gim st ca ti Tin s Nguyn h tr linh hot vi
lch lm vic ca ti trong khi ti tham d cc lp hc.
Cui cng, ti mun ni cm n rt nhiu n Tin s Jau-Shyong Wang, Tin s
Sheng Li-Jung, v Tin s Nguyn Danh Nguyn mt ln na vi t vn v h tr ca
h.
c bit cm n s gip ca bn
Mc lc
ii
Tm tt...............................................................................................................................i
Li cm n........................................................................................................................ii
Mc lc.............................................................................................................................iii
Danh sch cc bng..........................................................................................................vi
Danh sch cc hnh..........................................................................................................vii
Chn 1: Gii thiu chung................................................................................................1
1.1 Nn tng nghin cu.........................................................................................1
1.2 ng lc nghin cu.........................................................................................4
1.3 Mc ch nghin cu........................................................................................4
1.4 Quy trnh nghin cu........................................................................................5
Chng 2: Tng quan l thuyt.........................................................................................7
2.1 nh ngha v hi lng cng vic.....................................................................7
2.2 Cc l thuyt v hi lng cng vic..................................................................7
2.2.1 Thuyt nhu cu ca Maslow....................................................................8
2.2.2 Thuyt nhu cu ca McClelland's...........................................................9
2.2.3 L thuyt k vng ca Vroom...............................................................10
2.2.4 M hnh ng c thc y.....................................................................10
2.3 Li ch t vic lm hi lng nhn vin............................................................11
2.4 Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic.........................................12
2.4.1 Cng vic..............................................................................................12
2.4.2 C hi thng tin...................................................................................12
2.4.3 Lnh o................................................................................................13
2.4.4 ng nghip..........................................................................................13
2.4.5 Tin lng/thu nhp...............................................................................14
2.5 Nhng nh hng ca s hi lng cng vic..................................................14
2.5.1 Nng sut lm vic................................................................................15
2.5.2 Ngh vic...............................................................................................15
2.5.3 S vng mt...........................................................................................16
Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu...............................................................................17
3.1 Tng th v mu nghin cu...........................................................................17
iii
3.2 Cng c o lng............................................................................................18

3.2.1 tin cy ca JDI.................................................................................18
3.2.2 Tnh hp l ca JDI...............................................................................19
3.2.3 L do chn JDI......................................................................................19
3.3 M hnh nghin cu v cc gi thuyt nghin cu.........................................20
3.4 Pht trin thang o lng cc bin nghin cu v thit lp bng hi iu tra 20
3.5 Phn tch d liu.............................................................................................23
3.5.1. Thng k m t......................................................................................24
3.5.2. Kim nh thang o...............................................................................24
3.5.3. Phn tch khm ph nhn t...................................................................24
3.5.4 Xy dng phng trnh hi quy.............................................................25
3.5.5 Kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu.....................................................25
Chng 4: Kt qu nghin cu........................................................................................26
4.1 M t mu.......................................................................................................26
4.1.1 Gii tnh.................................................................................................26
4.1.2 tui...................................................................................................26
4.1.3 Trnh hc vn....................................................................................27
4.1.4 Kinh nghim lm vic...........................................................................28
4.2 Kt qu t bng cu hi iu tra.....................................................................28
4.3 Kim nh s tin cy thang o cc bin nghin cu trong m hnh...............29
4.3.1 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t cng vic..............................30
4.3.2 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t c hi thng tin..................30
4.3.3 Kim nh s tin cy ca thang o nhn t tin lng......................31
4.3.4 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t lnh o................................31
4.3.5 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t ng nghip.........................32
4.3.6 Kim nh s tin cy thang o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic....32
4.4 Phn tch khm ph nhn t............................................................................33
4.4.1 Phn tch khm ph nhn t vi bin c lp........................................33
4.4.2 Phn tch khm ph nhn t vi bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic..36
4.5 Xy dng phng trnh hi quy v kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu......37
iv
4.5.1 c lng m hnh hi quy bi t d liu nghin cu.........................37

4.5.2 Kim nh gi thuyt nghin cu..........................................................38
4.6 Kim nh s khc nhau v cm nhn vi cc bin theo cc nhm lao ng
phn loi theo nhn khu hc..................................................................................39
4.6.1 Kim nh s khc nhau gia cc bin theo gii tnh...........................39
4.6.2 Kim nh s khc nhau theo nhm tui...............................................42
4.6.3 Kim nh s khc nhau theo trnh hc vn.....................................45
4.6.4 Kim nh s khc nhau theo s nm cng tc.....................................46
4.7 Tho lun........................................................................................................47
Chng 5: Kt lun v kin ngh.....................................................................................50
5.1 Kt lun...........................................................................................................50
5.2 Kin ngh t kt qu nghin cu.....................................................................50
5.3 ngha ca nghin cu..................................................................................51
5.4 Hn ch ca nghin cu..................................................................................51
5.5 Hng nghin cu tip theo............................................................................51
Danh mc ti liu tham kho...........................................................................................53
Ph lc.............................................................................................................................55
Danh sch cc bng

Bng 1. Kt qu cc ch tiu kinh doanh nm 2012..........................................................3
Bng 2. Kt qu tr li cc cu hi iu tra....................................................................28
Bng 3. Kt qu kim n s tin cy thang o nhn t cng vic................................30
Bng 4. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t c hi thng tin..................31
Bng 5. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t tin lng.............................31
Bng 6. Kt qu kim nh tin cy thang o nhn t lnh o....................................32
Bng 7. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t ng nghip.........................32
Bng 8. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic....33
Bng 9. KMO and Bartlett's Test bin c lp................................................................34
Bng 10. Tng phng sai trch bin c lp..................................................................34
Bng 11. Rotated Component Matrix bin c lp.........................................................35
Bng 12. KMO and Bartlett's Test bin ph thuc..........................................................36
Bng 13. Total Variance Explained bin ph thc...........................................................36
Bng 14. Component Matrixa..........................................................................................36
Bng 15. Tm tt thng s m hnh................................................................................37
Table 16. Phn tch phng sai (ANOVAa).....................................................................37
Bng 17. Cc h s m hnh (Coefficientsa)....................................................................37
Bng 18. Thng k nhm theo gii tnh..........................................................................40
Bng 19. Independent Samples Test...............................................................................40
Bng 20. Phn tch phng sai theo nhm tui...............................................................42
Bng 21. Kt qu phn tch so snh a nhm bng gi trTukey....................................44
Bng 22. Phn tch phng sai theo trnh hc vn.....................................................45
Bng 23. Phn tch phng sai theo nm cng tc..........................................................46
Danh sch cc hnh
vi
Hnh 1. Quy trnh nghin cu............................................................................................5

Hnh 2. M hnh Maslow...................................................................................................8
Hnh 3. M hnh thc y ng c ca Porter and Lawler..............................................11
Hnh 4. M hnh nghin cu............................................................................................20
Hnh 5. C cu theo gii tnh..........................................................................................26
Hnh 6. C cu theo tui.............................................................................................27
Hnh 7. C cu theo trnh hc vn..............................................................................27
Hnh 8. C cu theo nm cng tc...................................................................................28
vii
Chn 1: Gii thiu chung

Chng ny s gii thiu v nn tng nghin cu, ng lc nghin cu, mc ch
nghin cu v quy trnh nghin cu. Cc ni dung chi tit c th nh sau:
1.1
Nn tng nghin cu
Xu hng khu vc ha v ton cu ha ngy cng cng thng hn v tnh cnh
tranh gia cc doanh nghip. duy tr v pht trin trn th trng, tt c cc doanh
nghip cn duy tr v tng cng sc mnh c li th hn cc doanh nghip khc v
bt k i th cnh tranh v khng nh v th ca mnh. Nhng thay i trong lnh vc
kinh doanh phi chp nhn rng li th duy nht cng nh cc li th bn vng nht
chnh l yu t con ngi.
Bt k thay i trong lnh vc kinh doanh, p lc ln cc cng ty, yu cu thay
i, u cn nhng con ngi phi ch ng sng to, s dng k thut tin tin, to ra
sn phm mi v dch v mi p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng.
Trong khi , iu ny cng i hi cng ty rng thu ht ngi lao ng c trnh
cao hn, duy tr v ci thin ngun nhn lc.
Mt trong nhng tiu ch hng u nh gi cht lng ca mi trng u t
l ngun lc lao ng. N l khng th i vi mt doanh nghip thc hin mt bc
t ph nu nhn vin ca h khng iu kin hoc khng trung thc. Cc t chc
ca ngi lao ng phi thnh tho ti a ha sc mnh ca h.
Theo cc chuyn gia ngun nhn lc, nh gi s hi lng cng vic ca mt nhn
vin l mt nhim v quan trng i vi mt doanh nghip pht trin ngun nhn lc
bn vng. Tt nhin, nhim v ny phi c thc hin trn mt s tiu ch cho cc v
tr khc nhau v phi c thc hin nh k. S khng tt nu mt nhn vin c
tuyn dng m khng c mt m t cng vic. Bi v khng c mt m t cng vic,
cc ng c vin khng th tng tng ra nhim v ca mnh trong cuc phng vn v
sau khi c tuyn dng, n l rt kh khn trong qu trnh lm vic sau ny. Bn cnh
, vic b nhim mt v tr, ngi lnh o phi xem xt cc c im ca mt nhn
vin thc hin s phi hp thch hp nht gia nhng ngi khc nhau vi c im
khc nhau to ra mt i ng tt (trong tt c mi ngi c th hon thnh khc).
Trong bi cnh cnh tranh trc tip hin nay, c nhiu l do cho mt nhn vin c
th t b cng vic ca mnh, chng hn nh cm thy khng hi lng vi li ch vt
cht, khng c tn trng, khng chia s t ngi gim st, khng c ng lc, khng
c c hi pht trin, khng c o to, chnh sch khng r rng, nghim ngt, gim st,
c s phi hp t cc ng nghip, bt cng, mi trng lm vic xu, khng c dn
ch, vv Nu ngun nhn lc khng c ln k hoch hiu qu, cc doanh nghip s
phi i mt vi rc ri v vn con ngi.
Ti Vit Nam, nghin cu v s hi lng ca nhn vin (nu c) ch c thc
hin trong ni b ca b phn nhn s. iu ny vn cn kh nhiu hn ch nh kinh
nghim, chi ph tn km v u t thi gian, khng c kt qu c th vi mc tiu phi
lm g, khng phi l ngun nhn lc b phn to ra nh hng thuyt phc hot
ng thnh cng.
Black & Porter (2000) cho thy rng tt c cc hot ng trong mt t chc c th
c truy ngun t s tham gia ca con ngi trong t chc . Cc yu t quyt nh
s hi lng cng vic c nghin cu rng ri nhiu nc pht trin trn th gii
(Cranny et al. 1992).
Tng t nh vy, Ting (1997) ni rng bng chng thc nghim lin tc ch ra
rng c im cng vic nh s hi lng v lng, c hi thng tin, nhim v r rng
v cc mi quan h vi ng nghip v gim st c tc ng ln n s hi lng cng
vic ca nhn vin. ng thi, mt nghin cu c tin hnh bi Ellickson v
Logsdon (2002) phn nh rng s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng b nh
hng ng k bi nhn thc v s hi lng ca nhn vin v tin lng, c hi pht
trin, mi quan h vi gim st vin, nhn vin ca h thng qun l hiu qu v phc
li.
Gii thiu v cng ty in lc Hi Dng
Tn n v : Cng ty TNHH MTV in lc Hi Dng - Tng cng ty in lc
min Bc.
Ngy thnh lp: 08-4-1969.
Tr s: 33 i l H Ch Minh - Thnh ph Hi Dng - Tnh Hi Dng
Cn c theo iu l t chc hot ng Cng ty TNHH MTV in lc Hi Dng

c Ch tch Tng cng ty ph duyt th m hnh sn xut ca Cng ty in lc Hi
Dng c b tr nh sau:
Hin Cng ty TNHH MTV in lc Hi Dng c 1.300 CBCNV vi c cu
trnh lao ng nh sau:
Lao ng l nam gii 839 ngi chim t l 74,45 %; lao ng n 288 ngi,
chim t l 25,55%.
Lao ng c trnh trn i hc l 20 ngi chim t l 1,54 %
Lao ng c trnh i hc l 601 ngi chim t l 46,23 %
Lao ng c trnh cao ng l 147 ngi chim t l 11,31 %
Lao ng c trnh trung cp, cng nhn l 532 ngi chim t l 40,92%
Ban lnh o Cng ty gm c Ch tch kim Gim c Cng ty; 01 Kim sot
vin; 04 Ph gim c Cng ty; 01 ch tch Cng on chuyn trch kim Ph b th
ng u Cng ty.
n v tham mu bao gm 13 phng nghip v
n v SX: 12 in lc; 1 Phn xng 110 kv;
n v ph tr: 01 phn xng Th nghim L; 01 phn xng sa cha thit b,
01 phn xng xy lp in, 01 xng t vn thit k v 01 Ban qun l d n kim
nhim lm nhim v qun l cc d n u t.
Bng 1. Kt qu cc ch tiu kinh doanh nm 2012
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ch tiu
in nhn tnh tn tht
in thng phm
Tn tht c tnh AH
LHANT
Gi bn bnh qun
Tng doanh thu
Tng s khch hng
V tnh
kWh
kWh
%
VND/kwh
Tr.ng
H
KH giao
2.683.000.000
Thc hin
3.184.738.738
2.687.259.908
So snh
6.30
6.14
-0,16
1240,10
3.327.188,30
1.244,71
3.352.220,56
481.263
4,61
1,01
1,00
1.2
ng lc nghin cu
Trong lun n ny, nhng ng c chnh thc y Ti nghin cu l:
Cng ty in lc Hi Dng ang phi i mt vi nhng thch thc v kh
khn, nht l vn qun l ngun nhn lc.

Cng ty ang thiu cn b c trnh v tay ngh cao, iu kin lm vic c
tnh ri ro cao v h thng nh gi cn b cha cht ch, cha to ng lc cho cn b.
C nhiu nhn vin cha tha mi khi phi i xa lm vic.
Cha c nghin cu nh gi v s hi lng cng vic ca nhn vin ti Cng
ty in lc Hi Dng.
Ngoi ra, pht trin ca mt chng trnh nghin cu v s hi lng ca nhn vin
trong cng ty in lc ti Vit Nam trong giai on ny l rt quan trng. Sau nhiu nm
lm vic, cc nh qun l cng nh cc nhn vin c gng hot ng v pht trin
cng ty. Tuy nhin, gn y, trong khi cc nh qun l c gng thc y kinh
doanh, h phi i mt vi rc ri vi ngun nhn lc. C th, c nhiu nhn vin ngy
cng khng hi lng vi cng vic ln nh hng n hiu qu kinh doanh v hnh nh
ca Cng ty.
1.3
Mc ch nghin cu
tm hiu nhng yu t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic gia cc nhn
vin HDPC v iu tra s hi lng ca cng vic trong HDPC.

nh gi s khc bit trong vic lm hi lng gia cc nhn vin xc nh
kch thc nh hng n s hi lng cng vic, chng hn nh: Gii tnh, v tr lm
vic, trnh gio dc, kinh nghim cng tc.
xut cc gii php c c s hi lng ca cng vic cao hn trong
Cng ty in lc Hi Dng.
1.4
Quy trnh nghin cu

Quy trnh nghin cu chi tit theo hnh 1 di y:
Hnh 1. Quy trnh nghin cu

Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu nghin cu: Ti bc ny tc gi xc nh vn cn
nghin cu, nhng mc tiu ca nghin cu. C th l vn nh gi s hi lng cng
vic ca ngi lao ng ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng. Mc tiu l nh gi c cc
yu t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng, cc yu t nhn khu
hc nh hng th no n s hi lng cng vic; cng nh hng ca cc nhn t
n s hi lng tng th ti cng vic.
Bc 2: Vit chng 1 ca lun vn, ti bc ny ti thc hin theo hng dn t
STU v cc ni dung cn thit cho phn gii thiu nghin cu bao gm cc phn nh:
nn tng nghin cu, ng c thc hin nghin cu, mc ch nghin cu v quy trnh
thc hin nghin cu.
Bc 3: Vit chng 2, y l phn ti tp hp cc nghin cu trc y trong
lnh vc nghin cu v hi lng cng vic, cc nh ngha, l thuyt v hi lng cng
vic, nhng yu t nh hng v tc ng ca hi lng cng vic vi cc t chc.
Bc 4: Vit chng 3, trn c s cc l thuyt, m hnh v kt qu nghin cu
c tham kho t cc nghin cu trc y t cc nh nghin cu ti s nh gi mt
mt hnh ph hp la chn lm m hnh nn tng xy dng m hnh nghin cu. C
th trong nghin cu ny m hnh JDI c la chn, tip n l cc phng php
cn thc hin t c mc ch nghin cu t ra s c trnh by.
Bc 5: Thit k bng cu hi iu tra, bng cu hi iu tra s c thit k, tin
hnh hi th, kim tra v ly kin t ging vin hng dn, cc i tng iu tra.
Sau qu trnh iu chnh s thu c bng hi iu tra chnh thc dng cho iu tra thc
nghim.
Bc 6: Thu thp d liu, sau khi hon thnh bng hi iu tra phc v cho vic
iu tra bng thc nghim. Cc phiu hi s c pht i ti ngi lao ng h tr
li cc cu hi t ra. D liu thu v s c nhp v lm sch phc v cho vic phn
tch d liu.
Bc 7: Phn tch d liu, d liu sau khi c nhp v lm sch s c phn
tch vi s h tr ca phn mm SPSS bng cc k thut phn tch thng k a bin nh
nh gi tin cy thang o, phn tch khm ph nhn t, phn tch hi quy, phn tch
phng sai tm kim cc cu tr li cho cc cu hi t ra t mc ch nghin cu.
Bc 8: Kt lun v xut, y l bc cui cng ca nghin cu. Da trn kt
qu phn tch d liu nghin cu tc gi s a ra cc kt lun chnh ca nghin cu,
xut cc gii php t kt qu nghin cu, cc hng nghin cu tip theo. ng thi vi
bc ny tc gi s xem xt hon thin ton b cc phn ca nghin cu v vit hon
thin lun vn.
Chng 2: Tng quan l thuyt

2.1
nh ngha v hi lng cng vic

Hi lng cng vic l mt khi nim cha c thng nht ca cc nh nghin
cu xut pht t gc nhn khc nhau, cc lnh vc nghin cu khc nhau. Kusku (2003)
cho rng s hi lng cng vic phn nh nhu cu v mong mun c nhn c p ng
v mc cm nhn ca cc nhn vin v cng vic ca h. nh ngha ny xut pht
t l thuyt thang o nhu cu ca Maslow (1943) cho rng ngi lao ng hi lng khi
p ng cc nhu cu t thp ln cao. Wright and Kim (2004) cng cho rng s hi lng
cng vic l s ph hp gia nhng g nhn vin mong mun t cng vic v nhng g
h cm nhn c t cng vic. Mt s nh nghin cu khc cho rng s hi lng cng
vic l trng thi cm xc tch cc ca ngi lao ng vi cng vic th hin qu hnh
vi, nim tin ca h (Vroom, 1964; Locke, 1976; Quinn and Staines, 1979; Weiss et al,
1967).
Mt s nh nghin cu khc cho rng s hi lng cng vic l s hi lng vi cc
kha cnh cng vic khc nhau. Mc hi lng vi cc kha cnh cng vic nh hng
n thi v nhn thc ca nhn vin m tiu biu l nghin cu v ch s m t cng
vic (JDI) ca Smith et al (1969 dn theo Luddy, 2005). Trong nghin cu ca Smith et
al s hi lng cng vic c th hin qua nm nhm nhn t chnh l (1) cng vic, (2)
c hi thng tin, (3) lnh o, (4) ng nghip v (5) tin lng/thu nhp. Vic xem xt
s hi lng di nhiu kha cnh cng vic ca Smith cng c tha nhn ca nhiu
nh nghin cu khc trong cc nghin cu khc nhau (Spector, 1997; Trn Kim Dung,
2005; Luddy, 2005).
Nhn chung c hai xu hng nh ngha s hi lng cng vic (1) xem xt s hi
lng cng vic l mt bin chung mang tnh cht cm xc (tch cc v tiu cc) ca
ngi lao ng ti cng vic c th nh hng n nim tin, hnh vi ca ngi lao
ng; (2) xem xt s hi lng cng vic di nhiu kha cnh cng vic khc
nhau.Trong nghin cu ny s hi lng cng vic c xem xt di c cc kha cnh
ca cng vic v s hi lng tng th ca ngi lao ng vi cng vic ni chung.
2.2
Cc l thuyt v hi lng cng vic
2.2.1 Thuyt nhu cu ca Maslow

Theo Maslow c nhn sn sng hnh ng theo cp bc nhu cu tng dn.
Theo thuyt phn cp nhu cu ca Maslow con ngi u c nm loi nhu cu
nh sau (hnh):
Hnh 2. M hnh Maslow

Trong :
Cp 1: Nhu cu c bn/sinh l bao gm cc nhu cu v n, ung, nh
tha mn sinh l cac cc nhu cu vt cht khc.
Cp 2: Nhu cu an ton l nhu cu v an ninh v c bo v khi
nhng tn ti vt cht v tinh tn cng nh m bo cc nhu cu vt cht tip tc
c tha mn
Cp 3: Nhu cu x hi l cc nhu cu v tnh cm, s chp nhn v tnh
bng hu
Cp 4: Nhu cu c tn trng l cc yu t c tn trng t bn trong
nh t trng, quyn t ch, nhng thnh tc v cc yu t tn trng t bn ngoi
nh a v, s cng nhn.
Cp 5: Nhu cu t khng inh l vic pht huy, t c nhng ci mnh
c th v s tha mn v bn thn; nhu cu gip h t hon thin bn thn.
Nm cp nhu cu ca con ngi ny c miu t thnh hai nhm l nhu
cu cp thp (cp 1 v 2) v nhu cu cp cao (cp 3, 4 v 5). S khc nhau gia
hai hai nhm ny l da trn gi thuyt cho rng nhu cu cp cao thng c
tha mn t bn trong, trong khi cc nhu cu cp thp phn ln c tha mn t
bn ngoi. Thuyt nhu cu ca Maslow c cng nhn rng ri v c p dng
trong thc t sut cc thp nin 1960 n 1970 (Robins et al, 2002). im yu ca
l thuyt Maslow l khng a ra c cc bng chng thc nghim cho l thuyt
v mt s nghin cu xc nhn gi tr ca n cng khng thnh cng (Robins
et al, 2002)
2.2.2 Thuyt nhu cu ca McClelland's
David Mc. Clelland (dn theo Robbins, 2002) cho rng con ngi c ba nhu
cu c bn l : nhu cu thnh tu, nhu cu lin minh v nhu cu quyn lc. Trong
:
(1)
Nhu cu thnh tu
Ngi c nhu cu thnh tu cao l ngi lun theo ui vic gii quytcng
vic tt hn. H mun vt qua cc kh khn, tr ngi. H mun cm thy rng

thnh cng hay tht bi ca h l do kt qu ca nhng hnh ng ca h.iu
ny c ngha l h thch cc cng vic mang tnh thch thc. Nhng ngi c nhu
cu thnh tu cao c ng vin lm vic tt hn. c tnh chung ca nhng
ngi c nhu cu thnh tu cao :
-
Lng mong mun thc hin cc trch nhim c nhn.
Xu hng t ra cc mc tiu cao cho chnh h.
Nhu cu cao v s phn hi c th, ngay lp tc.
Nhanh chng, sm lm ch cng vic ca h
(2)
Nhu cu lin minh

Cng ging nh nhu cu x hi ca A. Maslow, l c chp nhn tnh
yu, bn b, etc. Ngi lao ng c nhu cu ny mnh s lm vic tt nhng cng

vic to ra s thn thin v cc quan h x hi.
(3)
Nhu cu quyn lc
L nhu cu kim sot v nh hng n ngi khc v mi trng lm vic
ca h. Cc nh nghin cu ch ra rng ngi c nhu cu quyn lc mnh v nhu

cu thnh tu c xu hng tr thnh cc nh qun tr. Mt s ngi cn cho rng
nh qun tr thnh cng l ngi c nhu cu quyn lc mnh nht, k n l nhu

cu thnh tu v sau cng l nhu cu cn lin minh.
2.2.3 L thuyt k vng ca Vroom
Nh tm l hc Vroom (1964) cho rng con ngi s c thc y trong
vic thc hin nhng cng vic t ti mc tiu nu h tin vo gi tr ca mc
tiu , v h c th thy c rng nhng cng vic h lm s gip h t c
mc tiu. L thuyt ca Vroom khng nh rng ng c thc y con ngi lm
vic s c xc nh bi gi tr m h t vo kt qu c gng ca h, c nhn
thm bi nim tin m h c. Ni cch khc, Vroom ch ra rng ng c thc y
l sn phm ca gi tr mong i m con ngi t vo mc tiu v nhng c hi
m h thy s hon thnh c nhng mc tiu . Thuyt ca Vroom c th
c pht biu nh sau :
ng c thc y = Mc ham m x Nim hy vng
Khi mt ngi th vi vic t mc tiu th mc ham m coi nh bng
khng; v mc ham m s c du m khi con ngi phn i vic t ti mc tiu
. Kt qu cA c hai trng hp u khng c ng c thc y. Tng t, mt
ngi c th khng c ng c thc y no t ti mc tiu nu hy vng l s
khng hoc s m.
2.2.4 M hnh ng c thc y
L.W.Porter v E.F. Lawler (1974 dn theo Robins et al 2002) i ti mt
m hnh ng c thc y hon ho hn m phn ln c xy dng trn l
thuyt v nim hy vng (Hnh 3). Nh m hnh cho thy, ton b s c gng hay
sc mnh ca ng c thc y ty thuc vo gi tr ca phn thng v xc sut
hay kh nng nhn c phn thng . Tip , kt qu thc hin nhim v
c xc nh bi ng c thc y, kh nng lm vic ca con ngi (kin thc
v k nng) v s nhn thc v nhim v cn thit. S thc hin tt nhim v tt
yu s dn n phn thng ni ti (tin bc, hin vt) v phn thng bn ngoi
(iu kin lm vic, a v). Nhng phn thng ny cng vi phn thng hp l
theo nhn thc (ngha l mi c nhn nhn thc v tnh hp l v s cng bng
i vi s tng thng) s dn n s tho mn. Nh vy s tho mn l kt qu

tng hp ca nhiu phn thng.
Gi tr cc phn
thng
Phn thng hp
l theo nhn thc
Kh nng thc
hin nhim v
n
g c
Phn thng
ni ti
Kt qu thc
hin nhim
v
Kh nng c
nhn thng
Nhn thc v
nhim v
S
tha
mn
Phn thng
bn ngoi
Hnh 3. M hnh thc y ng c ca Porter and Lawler

M hnh ny l cch miu t thch hp hn v h thng ng c thc y.M hnh
cho thy ng c thc y khng phi l vn nhn v qu n gin.
2.3
Li ch t vic lm hi lng nhn vin

Ngun nhn lc l yu t quyt nh n s pht trin ca cc t chc (Wheeland,
2002). to ra s trung thnh v gn b vi t chc cn to ra s hi lng ca ngi

lao ng vi cng vic h ang thc hin. Vic lm hi lng v to ra s trung thnh s
gip cho t chc gim c cc chi ph tuyn dng, o to v gim cc li sai hng
trong qu trnh lm vic t cc nhn vin mi. i ng nhn vin c tay ngh cao v
giu kinh nghim thng hon thnh cng vic mt cch hiu qu trong thi gian ngn
hn so vi nhn vin mi v thiu kinh nghim trong cng vic. Anh hng ca cht
lng lm vic, nng lc ca i ng nhn s c cc nh nghin cu cht lng
tha nhn. Cc chuyn gia v cht lng ti M nh Deming, Juran cho rng s hi
lng cng vic s dn n nng sut v hiu sut ca cng ty. Chuyn gia cht lng
Nht Bn nh Ishikawa (1985) lun nhn mnh tm quan trng ca yu t con ngi
to ra mi trng lm vic cht lng cao. Ishikawa cho rng kim sot cht lng
hiu qu phi da trn qun l con ngi. Nghin cu ca Saari and Judge (2004) cng
cho thy s hi lng cng vic c nh hng n hiu sut cng vic ca ngi lao
ng. Nhn chung cc nghin cu cho thy vic lm hi lng cng vic s lm cho
ngi lao ng trung thnh hn, t xin ngh vic hn hay gim tnh trng nh cng hay
gia tng cc hot ng cng on (Saari and Judge, 2004).
2.4
Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic

Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic ca nhn vin c m r theo
ch s JDI. Cc nhn t ny bao gm: cng vic, c hi thng tin, lnh o, ng

nghip v tin lng/thu nhp:
2.4.1 Cng vic
Vic lm hi lng cng vic ca nn vin ph thuc vo s hi lng vi cc
thnh phn cng vic, chng hn nh bn cht cng vic (Loke, 1995 dn theo
Luddy, 2005). S ph hp ca cng vic vi ngi lao ng c th hin qua
nhiu kha cnh thuc v bn cht cng vic nh: cng vic c ph hp vi nng
lc v chuyn mn ca ngi lao ng hay khng, ngi lao ng c hiu r rng
v cng vic mnh thc hin hay khng, cng vic c em li nhng ng lc
cng hin, sng to ca ngi lao ng hay khng, cng vic c em li nhng
th thch v pht huy c cc nng lc ca c nhn ngi lao ng hay khng.
Nhiu nghin cu bng thc nghim cho thy nhn t cng vic c nh hng n
s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng (Luddy, 2005; H Nam Khnh Giao,
2011; Chu Vn Ton, 2009).
2.4.2 C hi thng tin
Mt s nh nghin cu cho rng c hi thng tin c lin h cht ch vi s
hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng (Pergamit & Veum nm 1999; Peterson v
cng s, 2003;. Sclafane, 1999 dn theo Luddy, 2005). Quan im ny c h
tr bi nghin cu ca Ellickson and Logsdon (2002) khi nghin cu nhn vin c
quan chnh quyn thnh ph cho thy c hi thng tin c cho l c nh hng
tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Tuy nhin Kreitner v Kinicki (2001), cho
rng cc mi quan h tch cc gia c hi pht trin v s hi lng cng vic ph
thuc vo s cng bng nhn thc ca nhn vin. Ti Vit Nam cc nghin cu
ca Trn Kim Dung (2005), Chu Vn Ton (2009) trong nhng ngi lao ng
lm vic vn phng ti TP. H Ch Minh cng cho thy c hi thng tin c nh

hng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Nghin cu ca H Nam Khnh Giao
(2011) i vi ngi lao ng lm vic trong lnh vc sn xut ung (tp on
Tn Hip Pht) cng cho thy yu t c hi thng tin c nh hng n s hi
lng ca ngi lao ng. Trong cc nghin cu ti Vit Nam (v d: Trn Kim
Dung, 2005; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011) yu t c hi thng tin c xem xt
di cc kha cnh nh: c o to v chuyn mn, c c hi pht trin c
nhn, c c hi cho nhng ngi c kh nng, tnh cng bng ca chnh sch pht
trin nhn s, to c hi nng cao cc k nng chuyn mn ca ngi lao ng.
2.4.3 Lnh o
Lnh o c hiu l ngi cp trn trc tip ca nhn vin. Lnh o em
n s hi lng cho ngi lao ng thng qua vic to ra s i x cng bng, th
hin s quan tm n cp di, c nng lc, tm nhn v kh nng iu hnh cng
nh vic h tr nhn vin trong cng vic (Robins et al, 2002). Lnh o ng
vai tr quan trng gia vic lm hi lng cng vic ca nhn vin xut pht t
nhng h tr v hng dn ca ngi ch huy vi cc nhim v lin quan ca
nhn vin. Theo Ramsey (1997, dn theo Luddy, 2005), lnh o nh hng n
tinh thn lm vic cao hay thp. Thi v hnh vi ca lnh o i vi nhn vin
cng c th l yu t nh hng n cc hnh vi hp tc hoc bt hp tc ca
ngi lao ng. Nhng nh lnh o c phong cch dn ch, to nhiu thin cm
t ngi lao ng c th thc y hc lm vic v gim cc bt mn trong cng
vic khi c ng vin ng lc. Nhiu nghin cu bng thc nghim cho thy
c mi quan h tch cc gia nhn t lnh o v s hi lng cng vic
(Koustelios, 2001; Peterson, Puia & Suess, 2003 dn theo Luddy, 2005; Trn Kim
Dung, 2005; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011).
2.4.4 ng nghip
ng nghip l ngi lm vic cng trong t chc hoc gn hn l nhng
ngi lm vic cng b phn vi nhau. Quan h ng nghip thn thin v h tr
s gp phn lm tng s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng (Johns, 1996;
Kreitner & Kinicki nm 2001 dn theo Luddy, 2005). Nhn t ng nghip c
xem l tt khi trong t chc ngi lao ng sn sng gip ln nhau, phi hp
lm vic mt cch hiu qu, cc mi quan h khng cng thng, mi trng lm
vic thn thin v quan h gia cc c nhn l ng tin cy. Mi quan h gia
nhn t ng nghip v s hi lng cng vic c kim chng qua nhiu nghin
cu khc nhau. Nghin cu ca Madison (2000 dn theo Luddy, 2005) trn 21.000
ph n cho thy cc cng vic i hi tnh kht khe m thiu s h tr ca ng
nghip th kh nng khng hi lng cng vic cao hn. Nhiu nghin cu bng
thc nghim khc nhau cng cho thy mi quan h tch cc ca vic c h tr
bi ng nghip s to ra s hi lng khch hng (Luddy, 2005; Chu Vn Ton,
2009; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011; Phm Vn Mnh, 2012).
2.4.5 Tin lng/thu nhp
Tin lng l khon tin ngi lao ng thu c khi hon thnh cng vic.
Mt s nh nghin cu cho rng c rt t bng chng thc nghim cho thy tin
lng c nh hng n s hi lng cng vic. Ngi lao ng c th c mc thu
nhp nhp cao nhng h vn khng cm thy hi lng khi c mt cng vic khng
ph hp hoc khng th ha nhp vi cng vic (Bassett, 1994 dn theo Luddy,
2005). Tuy nhin nghin cu khc ca Oshagbemi (2000) li cho thy mi quan
h gia tin lng v s hi lng cng vic vi nhau bng phn tch thng k.
Nhn t tin lng trong nghin cu ny c xem xt di nhng kha cnh nh
s ph hp gia tin lng vi mc ng gp ca ngi lao ng, ngi lao ng
c th sng bng mc thu nhp hin ti, cc khon thu nhp khc ngoi lng nh
thng, ph cp c phn chia cng bng. Ngoi ra cn xem xt n kha cnh
quan h so snh vi thu nhp ca n v khc. Tuy c mt s nh nghin cu cho
rng t c bng chng cho thy tin lng hay thu nhp c nh hng n s hi
lng cng vic. Tuy nhin trong iu kin ti cc quc gia ang pht trin nh
Vit Nam tin lng hay thu nhp vn l mt yu t quan trng nh hng n s
hi lng cng vic (Trn Kim Dung, 2005; Phm Vn Mnh, 2012).
JDI tr ln rt ph bin nh gi mc hi lng cng vic, trong
nghin cu ny cng vy. Tc gi s xem xt nh hng ca cc nhn t trong m
hnh JDI vi s hi lng cng vic tng th. C th y l s xem xt nh hng

ca 5 nhn t (1) cng vic, (2) c hi thng tin, (3) lnh o, (4) ng nghip v
(5) tin lng nh hng nh th no n mc hi lng cng vic ca nhn
vin ang lm vic ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng.
2.5
Nhng nh hng ca s hi lng cng vic

Luddy (2005) tm tt mt s nh hng ca s hi lng cng vic n nng sut
lm vic, ngh vic v s vng mt:

2.5.1 Nng sut lm vic
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy mi quan h gia s hi lng v nng sut l
tch cc, nhng rt thp v khng ph hp (Johns, 1996). Theo Luthans (1989),
mc d mi quan h gia vic lm hi lng v nng sut tn ti, mi quan h gia
cc bin ny l khng mnh m. Cc tc gi cho rng cc nhn vin hi lng nht
s khng chc phi l nhn vin hiu qu nht. cp c nhn bng chng
thng l khng ph hp v mi quan h gia s hi lng v nng sut, nhng
mt mc t chc mt mi quan h mnh m tn ti gia s hi lng v nng
sut (Robbins v cng s., 2003).
2.5.2 Ngh vic
Mt s nghin cu ng h mnh m quan im rng ngh vic t l nghch
vi mc hi lng (Griffon, tay, Meglino & Mobley (1979) v Gi c (1977)
trch dn trong Robbins v cng s., 2003). Theo French (2003), t l ngh vic
ca nhn vin cao thng ph bin trong mt mi trng m ngi lao ng ang
rt khng hi lng. Greenberg v Baron (1995) cho rng ngi lao ng khng
hi lng thng c xu hng ngh vic nh mt phng tin i ph vi s bt
mn ca h. Mt hnh thc ch yu rt nhn vin l t ngh vic. Bng cch
khng bo co, hoc t chc tm kim trin vng cng vic mi, c nhn c th
c by t s khng hi lng ca h vi cng vic ca h hoc c gng thot
ra khi nhng kha cnh kh chu m h c th gp. Phillips, v Phillips (2001)
ng tnh rng ngh vic ca nhn vin l bin quan trng nht. Mt nghin cu
c tin hnh bi Steel v Ovalle (1984) thnh lp mt mi quan h tng i
cht ch gia vic lm hi lng v ngh vic, ch ra rng nhn vin khng hi lng
c nhiu kh nng b cng vic ca h. Theo Lee v Mowday (1987) trch dn
trong Luthans (1989), mt mi quan h va phi tn ti gia s hi lng v vn
ngh vic. Cc nh nghin cu tha nhn rng vic lm hi lng cao s khng nht
thit l c t l ngh vic thp, nhng v tnh s h tr trong vic duy tr mt t l
ngh vic thp.
2.5.3 S vng mt
Nghin cu cho thy mc hi lng cng vic c lin quan n s vng
mt (Hellriegel, Slocum & Woodman, 1989).
Nel et al. (2004) cho rng "vng mt c coi l hnh vi thu hi khi n c
s dng nh mt cch thot khi mt mi trng lm vic khng mong mun."
Theo Luthans (1989), nhiu nghin cu c tin hnh trn mi quan h
gia s hi lng v vng mt cho mt mi quan h nghch o gia hai bin. V
vy, khi s hi lng l cao, vng mt c xu hng thp. Chuyn ny ch ra rng
khi s hi lng thp, vng mt c xu hng cao. Tri ngc vi iu ny, nhng
pht hin ca mt nghin cu c thc hin bi John (1996) c tm thy mi
lin h gia vic lm hi lng v vng mt l va phi.
Robbins (1993) ng h quan im ca mt mi quan h va phi tn ti
gia s hi lng v vng mt. Theo Robbins et al. (2003), mi quan h va phi
gia cc bin ny c th l do cc yu t nh ngh m t do, theo nhn vin
c khuyn khch c thi gian ngh ngi. Cn tr vic cui cng c th lm
gim h s tng quan gia s hi lng v vng mt.
Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu

Chng ny cung cp mt phc tho ca cc phng php nghin cu c s
dng trong vic iu tra cc mi quan h gia s hi lng cng vic gia cc nhn vin
v cc nh qun l trong Cng ty in lc Hi Dng. Vic la chn mu, dng c o
lng, th tc thu thp d liu v cc k thut thng k c s dng lin quan n vic
nghin cu c m t.
3.1
Tng th v mu nghin cu
Mc ch ca nghin cu l nh gi mc hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao
ng ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng. V vy tng th nghin cu c xc nh l ton

b nhn vin ang lm vic ti Cng ty. Vic xc nh tng th nghin cu c ngha
rt quan trng bi vic xc inh tng th s gip nh nghin cu lp c khung mu v
la chn phn t cho iu tra mang tnh i in cho tng th cao (Nguyn Cao Vn,
2009).
m bo tin cy ca nghin cu vic la chn mt c mu ph hp l cn
thit. Nguyn tc chung cho vic chn mu l c mu cng ln cng chnh xc. Tuy
nhin trong nhng c mu qu ln cng nh hng n thi gian v chi ph thc hin
nghin cu. V vy cc nh nghin cu thng a ra cc khuyn ngh chn c mu ph
hp vi kh nng v m bo tnh tin cy cn thit (v d: Suanders et al, 2007; Nguyn
nh Th, 2011). Nguyn tc xc nh c mu cn thit ph thuc vo tng th nghin
cu v phng php phn tch. Cc phng php ly mu theo quy tc xc sut thng
k thng da vo quy tc ly mu hai ln. Ln th nht mu ly ngu nhin t 100 n
200 mu, sau da trn lch chun v suy in thng k xc nh mu cn ly
thch hp (Nguyn Cao Vn, 2009). Mt s nh nghin cu a ra cc quy tc kinh
nghim cho vic ly mu cho cc phng php phn tch khm ph nhn t hay phn
tch hi quy. Ly v d Lee and Comrey (1992 dn theo Maccalum et al, 1999) a ra
quy tc ly c mu v cc mc tng ng nh: 100 = tt, 200 = kh, 300 = tt, trn
1000 = tuyt vi. Nhn chung cc quy tc ly mu kinh nghim l cha thng nht gia
cc nh nghin cu khc nhau. Trong phm vi nghin cu ny vi nhng gii hn v
ngun lc cho nghin cu nn tc gi cng s ly mu theo quy tc c mu ti thiu c
th chp nhn c. C mu c xc nh l 200 theo quy tc ca Lee and Comrey
(1992) t mc kh. ng thi c mu ny cng tha mn nhiu quy tc ly mu khc
nhau. Sau khi xc nh c mu cn iu tra, cc bng hi c xy dng hon thin s
c chuyn ti cho ngi lao ng ang lm vic ti tt c cc b phn ti Cng ty
in lc Hi Dng. Thi gian thc hin thu thp d liu nghin cu t thng 2 n
thng 4 nm 2013.
Phng php thu thp d liu: thu c d liu nghin cu dng cho phn
tch thng k. Sau xy dng c bng cu hi iu tra hon chnh cho iu tra thc
nghim (xem thm 3.4) tc gi s tin pht phiu iu tra cho ngi lao ng ang lm
vic ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng. Cc phiu iu tra s c chuyn xung cho
trng cc b phn km theo mt bng hng dn tr li m bo ngi lao ng
hiu ng cc cu hi a ra. Sau khi ngi lao ng in y cc thng tin tr li
cn thit s c tp hp cho cc trng b phn v chuyn v cho tc gi tin hnh
nhp liu v phn tch.
3.2
Cng c o lng
M hnh JDI c s dng thit k bng hi v thu thp, phn tch d liu
trong nghin cu ny.

3.2.1 tin cy ca JDI
Anastasi (1990, dn li t Luddy, 2005) rng tin cy l tnh thng nht
ca im s nh gi thu c ca nhng ngi tng t khi kim tra li vi
nhng th nghim khc nhau. Ni cch khc tin cy ca thang o nhn t hay
mt m hnh nghin cu c nh gi da trn cc nghin cu lp li ca n vn
m bo c tnh tin cy. nh gi tin cy ca tng khi nim nghin cu
ngi ta s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: k thut phn i (Split
half technique); phn tch ch bo (item analysis) v ph bin hn c l s dng h
s Cronbach Alpha.
Cc nghin cu s dng JDI cho thy cc khi nim v JDI l cc khi nim
tin cy. Theo Smuker et al (2003 dn li t Luddy, 2005) c 78 kho st vi n
phng vin th thao bng vic s dng h hnh JDI cho thy cc nhn t trong m
hnh JDI u t s tin cy cao c h s Cronbach Alpha ln hn 0.7. Cc nghin
cu khc nhau ti Hoa K cung cp nhiu bng chng v tnh tin cy ca JDI. Ly
v d nghin cu ca Futrell (1979) cc h s alpha t t 0.67 n 0.96, nghin
cu ca Nagy (2002) c h s t 0.83 n 0.9 (dn theo Luddy, 2005). Ti Vit
Nam cc nghin cu gn y ca Trn Kim Dung (2005), Chu Vn Ton (2009)
hay Phm Vn Mnh (2012) cng cho thy vic s dng cc khi nim nghin
cu trong m hnh JDI u t s tin cy cn thit, cc h s Cronbach Alpha
c kim tra u ln hn 0.6. Nh vy c th thy rng JDI l mt b ch s
ng tin cy thc hin cc nghin cu v s hi lng cng vic.
3.2.2 Tnh hp l ca JDI
JDI tr ln ph bin trong nhiu nghin cu o lng s hi lng cng
vic ca nhiu nh nghin cu khc nhau. Nagy (2002 dn theo Luddy, 2005) cho
rng c 400 nghin cu v ti liu chng minh tnh hp l ca JDI. Cc nghin
cu khc nhau ch ra mi tng quan gia cc yu t cng vic thuc m hnh JDI
v s hi lng cng vic. Cc nghin cu c lp vi nhau chng minh tnh
hp l ca JDI cho n ngy nay. V d nghin cu ca Luddy (2005), nghin cu
ca Chu Vn Ton (2009) cho thy cc nhn t trong m hnh JDI u t gi tr
phn bit. iu ny cng c khng nh qu nghin cu ca Kincki et al (2002)
cho thy cc ch s JDI t c tnh nht qun, tin cy, gi tr hi t v gi tr
phn bit qua xc nhn tnh hp l ca JDI.
3.2.3 L do chn JDI

Vic s dng JDI ngy cng tr ln ph bin trong vic nh gi s hi lng cng
vic, Theo Kerr (1997 dn theo H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011) cho rng JDI s hu
nhng khi nim nn tng ng tt v ng tin cy. Luddy tng kt mt s l do
cc nh nghin cu la chn JDI nh gi s hi lng cng vic nh sau:
Smith (1969) trch dn trong Spector (1997) cho rng cc JDI l mt cng
c c gi tr v ng tin cy c chng minh nh gi s hi lng ca cng

vic;
Vorster (1992) trch dn trong Cockcroft (2001) kt lun rng JDI c
chun ha v tm thy l ph hp vi iu kin trong cc nghin cu khc nhau.
JDI c coi l thit k cn thn v l cng c pht trin nht o lng
s hi lng ca cng vic (Vroom, 1964 c trch dn trong Schneider & Vaught,
1993). C hn 50% cc bi bo c xut bn t nm 1970 v nm 1978 ti by
tp ch lin quan n qun l hng u th gii s dng khng qung co c bit
cc bin php ca s hi lng cng vic s dng m hnh JDI (Yeager, 1981 c
trch dn trong Schneider & Vaught, 1993); v
JDI c s dng trong cc cuc iu tra trc trong khu vc cng
o lng mc hi lng cng vic ca nhn vin (Schneider & Vaught, 1993).
JDI l d s dng v khng i hi mt mc cao v kh nng c
hon thnh (Heneman, Schwab, Fossum v Dyer, 1983).

3.3
M hnh nghin cu v cc gi thuyt nghin cu

T cc l do la chn JDI khun kh ca nghin cu ny c xy dng trn
nn tng m hnh JDI kt hp vi bin hi lng cng vic tng th c tham kho bi
Spector (1995) v cc nghin cu s dng JDI ti Vit Nam trong vic nh gi mc
hi lng cng vic (v d: Trn Kim Dung, 2005; Chu Vn Ton, 2009; H Nam Khnh
Giao, 2011; Phm Vn Mnh, 2012). Khc vi nghin cu khc (v d Luddy, 2005) s
dng 72 mc hi trong thang o JDI gc ca Smith et al (1969 dn thao Luddy, 2005),
nghin cu thit lp cc cu hi c iu chnh vi nhiu mc hn dng cu hi tr

li C Khng v vn s dng 5 nhn t ban u ca m hnh JDI. M hnh nghin cu
xut nh sau:
Hnh 4. M hnh nghin cu

Cc gi thuyt nghin cu t ra l :
Nhn t cng vic phn nh mc ph hp v bn cht cng vic vi nng
lc, mong mun ca ngi lao ng. Bn cht cng vic ph hp c th hin qua cc
kha cnh nh: s ph hp vi nng lc, chuyn mn, kh nng hiu r cng vic thc
hin, cng vic em li ng lc cng hin, sng to ca ngi lao ng (Luddy, 2005).
Cc nghin cu bng thc him kim chng mi quan h gia nhn t cng vic v
s hi lng chung. Quan h gia chng l quan h tch cc (Luddy, 2005; Chu Vn
Ton, 2009; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011). V vy nghin cu ny a ra gi thuyt.
H1: Nhn t cng vic c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic.
C hi thng tin l khi nim phn nh ngi lao ng c c to cc c hi pht
trin v thng tin s nghip trong t chc trong qu trnh lm vic hay khng. C hi
thng tin c xem nh mt yu t kch thch hay ng vin ngi lao ng trong l
thuyt ca Herzberg. Cc bng chng thc nghim gn y trong cc nghin cu ti

Vit Nam cho thy c hi thng tin c nh hng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic
ca ngi lao ng (Trn Kim Dung, 2005; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011; Phm Vn
Mnh, 2012). V vy nghin cu ny a ra gi thuyt:
H2: Nhn t c hi thng tin c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic.
Nhn t tin lng trong nghin cu ny c xem xt di nhng kha cnh nh
s ph hp gia tin lng vi mc ng gp ca ngi lao ng, ngi lao ng c
th sng bng mc thu nhp hin ti, cc khon thu nhp khc ngoi lng nh thng,
ph cp c phn chia cng bng. Ngoi ra cn xem xt n kha cnh quan h so snh
vi thu nhp ca n v khc. Tuy c mt s nh nghin cu cho rng t c bng chng
cho thy tin lng hay thu nhp c nh hng n s hi lng cng vic. Tuy nhin
trong iu kin ti cc quc gia ang pht trin nh Vit Nam tin lng hay thu nhp
vn l mt yu t quan trng nh hng n s hi lng cng vic (Trn Kim Dung,
2005; Phm Vn Mnh, 2012).
H3: Nhn t tin lng c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic
Nhn t lnh o c hiu l ngi cp trn trc tip ca nhn vin. Lnh o
em n s hi lng cho ngi lao ng thng qua vic to ra s i x cng bng, th
hin s quan tm n cp di, c nng lc, tm nhn v kh nng iu hnh cng nh
vic h tr nhn vin trong cng vic (Robins et al, 2002). Cc nghin cu khc nhau
chng minh c rng mi quan h mc hi lng vi lnh o v mc hi lng
cng vic (Luddy, 2005; Trn Kim Dung, 2005; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011). V vy
nghin cu ny a ra gi thuyt nghin cu nh sau:
H4: Nhn t lnh o c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic.

ng nghip l ngi lm vic cng trong t chc hoc gn hn l nhng ngi
lm vic cng b phn vi nhau. Nhn t ng nghip c xem l tt khi trong t chc
ngi lao ng sn sng gip ln nhau, phi hp lm vic mt cch hiu qu, cc
mi quan h khng cng thng, mi trng lm vic thn thin v quan h gia cc c
nhn l ng tin cy.Nhiu nghin cu bng thc nghim khc nhau cng cho thy mi
quan h tch cc ca vic c h tr bi ng nghip s to ra s hi lng khch hng
(Luddy, 2005; Chu Vn Ton, 2009; H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011; Phm Vn Mnh,
2012). V vy nghin cu ny a ra gi thuyt nghin cu nh sau:
H5: Nhn t ng nghip c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic
3.4
Pht trin thang o lng cc bin nghin cu v thit lp bng hi iu tra

Nghin cu ny s dng m hnh nn tng JDI c pht trin bi Smith et al
(1969) vi 5 nhn t chnh c s dng l cc bin c lp, bin ph thuc hi lng

cng vic c xem xt t l thuyt JSS ca Spector (1997). Gi tr v s tin cy ca
JDI c kim chng, tuy nhin trong cc nghin cu ban u v JDI vn s dng
dng cu hi tr li dng C Khng (Yes No), Theo Nguyn nh Th (2011) ngy
nay vi s pht trin ca vic xy dng thang o th cc thang o nhiu mc s ph
hp hn v tin cy hn i vi cc thang o t mc . Trong nhiu thang do nh gi
nhiu mc khc nhau (Stapel, Likert) th thang o Likert l dng thang o ph bin
nht trong cc nghin cu x hi hc. Cc nghin cu gn y (v d: Trn Kim Dung,
2005; Chu Vn Ton, 2009, Phm Vn Mnh, 2012, etc) cc tc gi cng s dng
thang o Likert o lng cc nhn t trong m hnh nghin cu s dng JDI thay cho
thang o s dng cu hi dng tr li C khng. V vy trong nghin cu ny cng
vy, tc gi cng s dng thang o Likert 5 im o lng cc bin quan st.
Cc bin quan st c xy dng da trn nn tng l thuyt JDI ng thi tc gi

tham kho c s dng ti Vit Nam nh nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung (2005),
nghin cu ca Chu Vn Ton (2009), Phm Vn Mnh (2012). ng thi cc bin
quan st ny s c hiu chnh cho ph hp vi mi trng nghin cu mi thng qua
vic phng vn th vi ngi lao ng m bo h hiu ng ngha ca cc cu
hi a ra. C th cc nhn t c nh gi thng qua cc bin quan st nh sau:
i vi nhn t cng vic c nh gi bng 6 bin quan st khc nhau c
tham kho t l thuyt ca Smith et al (1969), cc nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung
(2005), Chu Vn Ton (2009) v c iu chnh cho ph hp vi mi trng nghin
cu mi. C th cc bin quan st nh gi nhn t cng vic nh sau:
(1)
Cng vic ph hp vi nng lc v chuyn mn
(2)
Hiu r rng v cng vic
(3)
Cng vic cho php pht huy kh nng c nhn.
(4)
C ng lc sng to trong cng vic
(5)
Cng vic th v v c th thch
(6)
Khi lng cng vic hp l
i vi nhn t c hi thng tin cng l mt yu t quan trng vi ngi lao

ng bi thng tin thng em li nhiu thu nhp hn v c nhiu s tha nhn v
nng lc hn. Trong nghin cu ny nhn t c hi thng tin c xy dng bng 5
bin quan st khc nhau da trn s k tha m hnh JDI, cc b cu hi c s dng
bi Trn Kim Dung (2005), Chu Vn Ton (2009) i vi nhn vin vn phng nghin
cu ti Vit Nam. C th nh sau:
(1)
c o to chuyn mn y
(2)
C hi nng cao cc k nng chuyn mn
(3)
To c hi cho nhng ngi c kh nng
(4)
C c hi pht trin c nhn
(5)
Chnh sch o to v pht trin rt cng bng.
i vi nhn t tin lng c nh gi thng qua 5 bin quan st k tha v

iu chnh t nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung (2005), Phm Vn Mnh (2012) v iu
chnh li cho ph hp vi n v nghin cu mi. C th cc bin quan st nh sau:
(1)
Lng ph hp vi kh nng v ng gp
(2)
Phn thng cng bng cho cng vic hiu qu cng vic
(3)
Phn phi cng bng tin lng, thng v ph cp cho theo ng gp.
(4)
C th sng vi mc thu nhp hin ti
(5)
Mc lng ngang bng vi cc n v khc
i vi nhn t lnh o 4 bin quan st c thit lp nh gi n. Cc bin

quan st ny cng c tham kho t l thuyt nn tng JDI ca Smith et al (1969) v
Trn Kim Dung (2005) cng nh nghin cu ca Phm Vn Mnh (2012), Chu Vn
Ton (2009) v c hiu chnh thng qua phng vn th vi ngi lao ng. Ni dung
ca cc bin quan st ny nh sau:
(1)
Cp trn lun quan tm n cp di
(2)
Nhn vin nhn c nhiu h tr t cp trn
(3)
Cp trn i x vi mi ngi cng bng
(4)
Cp trn c nng lc, tm nhn v kh nng lnh o tt
i vi nhn t ng nghip nghin cu ny cng s dng cc cu hi c

Trn Kim Dung (2005) v Chu Vn Ton (2009) s dng cho cc nghin cu ti Vit
Nam khi iu chnh m hnh JDI. ng thi cc bin quan st cng c hiu chnh cho
ph hp vi iu kin nghin cu nhng vn gi c ng ngha ban u ca n. c
4 bin quan st c xy dng bao gm:
(1)
ng nghip thng xuyn sn sng gip ln nhau
(2)
ng nghip lm vic hiu qu vi nhau
(3)
ng nghip thn thin
(4)
ng nghip ng tin cy
Mt im yu ca m hnh JDI l khng c thang o mc hi lng tng th

cng vic (Spector, 1997 dn theo V Th Thin Hi v Phm c K, 2010). V vy
vic s dng JDI truyn thng ch nh gi c mc hi lng vi cc kha cnh
cng vic. khc ph Spector xut nh gi mc hi lng tng th bng ba bin
quan st l (1) ni chung ti hi lng vi cng vic hin ti, (2) V tng th ti thch
cng vic ca mnh v (3) v tng th ti thch cng vic y. Cc nghin cu ti Vit
Nam (v d: Trn Kim Dung, 2005) xem xt s hi lng cng vic nh l s thoi mi,
tnh gn b vi cng vic cng nh coi trng ni lm vic ca mnh. Trong phm vi
nghin cu ny k tha nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung (2005) c iu chnh v a ra
ba bin quan st nh gi s hi lng cng vic bao gm:
(1)
Cm thy hi lng khi lm vic ti y
(2)
Cm thy vui mng khi c chn vo lm vic y
(3)
Coi c quan nh ngi nh th hai
Sau khi pht trin cc thang o o lng cho tng nhn t trong m hnh nghin
cu tc gi tip tc xy dng bng cu hi cho iu tra thc nghim. V nguyn tc
bng cu hi cn xy dng n gin, thun tin cho vic tr li ca ngi c hi cng
nh thun tin cho vic nhp d liu iu tra phc v cho vic phn tch d liu. Da
trn vic tham kho kin ca ng nghip v ngi lao ng bng cu hi c thit
k gm 3 phn nh sau:
(1)
Thng tin c nhn ca ngi hi
(2)
Ni dung cc cu hi chnh (cc bin quan st trong m hnh)
(3)
Nhng kin m t ngi lao ng
(Xem thm ti phc lc 01)

3.5
Phn tch d liu

D liu thu c c lm sch v tin hnh phn tch vi s h tr ca phn
mm SPSS bng cc th tc thng k. Bao gm:

3.5.1. Thng k m t
Mu thu thp c s c tin hnh thng k phn loi theo cc bin phn
loi theo cc tiu ch phn loi doanh nghip nh: Gii tnh, tui, trnh hc
vn, v tr lm vic v mc thu nhp. ng thi tnh im trung bnh, gi tr ln
nht, gi tr nh nht v lch chun ca cc cu tr li trong bng hi thu thp
c.
3.5.2. Kim nh thang o
Cc nhn t c thc hin kim nh thang o bng Cronbach`s Alpha v
h s tng quan bin tng (Item-total correlation). Nhng bin quan st khng
m bo tin cy s b loi ra khi thang o v khng xut hin ti phn phn
tch khm ph nhn t. Trong nghin cu ny h s Cronbach`s Alpha ly ti thiu
l 0.6 (Hair v cng s, 1998). H s tng quan bin tng nh hn 0.3 c xem
l bin rc v ng nhin loi khi thang o (Nunally v Burstein, 1994)
3.5.3. Phn tch khm ph nhn t
Sau khi cc khi nim (nhn t) c kim nh thang o bng Cronbach`s
Alpha s tip tc c a vo phn tch khm ph nhn t (EFA). Phn tch
khm ph nhn t s gip tc gi thu gn cc bin quan st thnh cc bin tim n
t hn, c ngha hn trong vic gii thch m hnh nghin cu.Mt s tiu chun
p dng khi phn tch EFA trong nghin cu nh sau:
Kim nh s thch hp ca phn tch nhn t vi d liu ca mu thng qua
gi tr thng k Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Theo , tr s ca KMO ln hn

0,5 th phn tch nhn t l thch hp (Garson, 2002), ngc li nu tr s KMO
nh hn 0,5 th p dng phng php phn tch nhn t khng thch hp vi d
liu ang c.
S lng nhn t: S lng nhn t c xc nh da vo ch s eigenvalue
i din cho phn bin thin c gii thch bi mi nhn t. Theo tiu chun
Kaiser th nhng nhn t c eigenvalue nh hn 1 s b loi khi m hnh nghin
cu (Garson, 2003)
Phng sai trch (variance explained criteria): Tng phng sai trch phi ln
hn 50%.(Hair v cng s, 1998).
gi tr hi t: thang o t gi tr hi t th h s tng quan n gia
cc bin v cc h s chuyn ti nhn t (factor loading) phi ln hn hoc bng

0,5 trong mt nhn t (Garbing & Anderson, 1988)
Phng php trch h s yu t Principal components vi php xoay Varimax
m bo s lng nhn t l b nht (Trng v Ngc 2008).

3.5.4 Xy dng phng trnh hi quy
Sau khi thang o ca cc yu t kho st c kim nh th s c x l
chy hi quy tuyn tnh bng phng php tng bnh phng nh nht (OLS) bng c
hai phng php Enter v phng php Stepwise. Thng qua phng tnh hi quy tc
gi s bit c mi quan h gia bin c lp v bin ph thuc nh th no trong m

hnh.
3.5.5 Kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu
Cc gi thuyt nghin cu s c tin hnh kim nh thng qua d liu
nghin cu ca phng trnh hi quy c xy dng. Tiu chun kim nh s
dng thng k t v gi tr p-value (Sig.) tng ng, tin cy ly theo chun 95%,
gi tr p-value s c so snh trc tip vi gi tr 0.05 kt lun chp thun hay
bc b gi thuyt nghin cu. i vi cc kim nh s khc nhau gia cc tng
th con trong nghin cu ta s dng kim nh T-test v phn tch phng sai
(ANOVA) kim nh, kim nh ny cng s dng vic so snh trc tip gi tr
p-value tng ng. xem xt s ph hp d liu v s ph hp ca m hnh ta
s dng h s R-square, thng k t v thng k F kim nh. nh gi s
quan trng ca cc nhn t ta xem xt h s Beta tng ng trong phng trnh
hi quy bi c xy dng t d liu nghin cu.
3.5.6 Phn tch phng sai
i vi cc kim nh s khc nhau gia cc tng th con trong nghin cu ta
s dng kim nh T-test v phn tch phng sai (ANOVA) kim nh, kim nh
ny cng s dng vic so snh trc tip gi tr p-value tng ng. xem xt xem xt
s khc bit xy ra trong cc nhm phn loi c t ba nhm tr ln ta s dng kim
nh Post Hoc Test bng gi tr Tukey nh gi.
Chng 4: Kt qu nghin cu
Chng ny s trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu chnh phn tch t d liu nghin
cu vi s h tr ca phn mm SPSS 20, ni dung phn tch bao gm: thng k m t,
kim nh s tin cy thang o, phn tch khm ph nhn t, phn tch hi quy v phn
tch phng sai. Ni dung chi tit nh sau:
4.1
M t mu
Trong 200 cu hi, c phn phi trong Cng ty in lc Hi Dng, tc gi thu
thp 200 cu hi, trong c 194 phiu hp l, 6 cu hi khc c khng y v

hon ton loi b t cc d liu thc t trc khi phn tch d liu. Kch thc mu ca
194 cu hi hp l p ng cc quy nh ca kch thc mu ti thiu. Cu trc phn
loi mu da trn cc tiu ch sau y:
4.1.1 Gii tnh
Trong 194 cu hi, chng ta c 132 nhn vin nam (tng ng vi 68%),
62 t lao ng n (tng ng vi 32%). iu ny phn nh chnh xc c cu
lao ng ca Cng ty cng nh cc tnh nng ca ngnh cng nghip in vi t
l lao ng thc t gia nam v n l 70:30.
Hnh 5. C cu theo gii tnh
4.1.2 tui
Trong 194 cu hi hp l, nu phn loi theo tui, nhm tui 31-35 c t
l ln nht chim tng s 33% (63 ngi), nhm tui 25-30 chim 22% (43
ngi) v nhm tui 36-40 chim 21% (41 ngi). Cc nhm tui di 24
tui v trn 40 tui tui c t l l 14% (27 ngi) v 10% (20 ngi).
Hnh 6. C cu theo tui

4.1.3 Trnh hc vn
Cc kt qu nghin cu t 194 cu hi hp l cho thy, c 158 ngi c
trnh i hc (tng ng vi 81%), 27 ngi ti trng cao ng v trung
cp (tng ng vi 14%), v 9 ngi cp thc s (tng ng vi 5% ).
Hnh 7. C cu theo trnh hc vn

4.1.4 Kinh nghim lm vic
Cc kt qu nghin cu t 194 cu hi hp l cho thy, c 23 ngi lm
vic trong Cng ty t hn 1 nm (12%), 62 ngi lm vic t hn 5 nm trong
cng ty vi 32%, 50 ngi lm vic trong khong t 5 n 15 nm trong cng ty
vi 26% v 59 ngi lm vic hn 15 nm trong cng ty vi 30%.
Hnh 8. C cu theo nm cng tc

4.2
Kt qu t bng cu hi iu tra
4.2.
Kt qu t bng cu hi iu tra
Kt qu thu c cho thy rng cc cu tr li ch yu l cp 3 v cp 4

trong thang im nm, mc cao nht l 5. Gi tr trung bnh ln hn 3, mt s cu hi l
cp 5, v lch chun l kh nh (nh hn 1). V vy, chng ti bc u c th kt
lun rng mc hi lng ca ngi lao ng trong Cng ty in lc Hi Dng vi

cng vic ca h l kh tt.
Bng 2. Kt qu tr li cc cu hi iu tra
N
Minimum
Maximum
Trung bnh
lch chun
WO1
194
2.00
5.00
3.3608
.88377
WO2
194
2.00
5.00
3.8402
.81453
WO3
194
2.00
5.00
3.8196
.76411
WO4
194
2.00
5.00
3.8402
.76871
WO5
194
2.00
5.00
3.8093
.78833
WO6
194
2.00
5.00
3.7990
.81806
OP1
194
2.00
5.00
3.7165
.78657
OP2
194
2.00
5.00
3.5567
.76136
OP3
194
2.00
5.00
3.4845
.72145
OP4
194
2.00
5.00
3.9691
.76115
OP5
194
2.00
5.00
3.7732
.70535
SA1
194
2.00
5.00
3.5567
.93818
SA2
194
2.00
5.00
3.5567
.93264
SA3
194
2.00
5.00
3.5412
.93899
SA4
194
2.00
5.00
3.5464
.93322
SA5
194
2.00
5.00
3.6031
.90605
SU1
194
2.00
5.00
3.4845
.72859
SU2
194
1.00
5.00
3.4691
.74914
SU3
194
2.00
5.00
3.5000
.70711
SU4
194
2.00
5.00
3.4330
.67382
CO1
194
2.00
5.00
3.7062
.79589
CO2
194
1.00
5.00
3.7371
.80024
CO3
194
1.00
5.00
3.8144
.76626
CO4
194
2.00
5.00
3.4948
.74977
JS1
194
2.00
5.00
3.5670
.79385
JS2
194
1.00
5.00
3.5773
.84357
JS3
194
1.00
5.00
3.3814
.74727
4.3
Kim nh s tin cy thang o cc bin nghin cu trong m hnh
Cc bin nghin cu trong m hnh c xy dng t 3 6 bin quan st khc

nhau cho mt nhn t. kim nh s tin cy thang o cc nhn t ny ta s dng h
s Cronbach Alpha l mt h s ph bin trong vic nh gi tnh tin cy ca mt khi
nim nghin cu (Suander et al, 2007; Hair et al, 2006). Nh trnh by ti chng 3
tiu chun la chn l h s Cronbach Alpha ti thiu bng 0.6 v cc h s tng quan
bin tng ln hn 0.3, nhng bin c h s tng quan bin tng nh hn 0.3 s b loi
khi thang o nhn t v khng xut hin ti cc bc phn tch tip theo. Kt qu kim
nh s tin cy thang o cho tng bin nghin cu nh sau:
4.3.1 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t cng vic
Nhn t cng vic c thit lp t su bin quan st t WO1 n WO6,
phn tch t d liu nghin cu cho thy bin WO1 c h s tng quan bin tng
l 0.0490 nh hn 0.3. iu cho thy bin WO1 khng phi l mt thnh phn
o lng nhn t cng vic. Do ta s loi bin WO1 khi thang o nhn t
cng vic.Kt qu loi bin WO1 cho thy h s Cronbach Alpha bng 0.933
ln hn 0.6 v cc h s tng quan bin tng ca cc bin quan st u ln hn
0.3. Nh vy ta c th kt lun thang o nhn t cng vic c o lng bng
nm nhn t t WO2 n WO6 l tin cy v ph hp (bng 3).
Bng 3. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t cng vic
Code
Cronbach Alpha, N
Tng quan tng

bin
Cronbach's Alpha
Nu loi bin
WO1(Loi)
0.049
0.933
WO2
0.807
0.791
0.832
0.789
0.824
0.791
0.724
0.809
WO3
WO4
WO5
= 0.933, N = 5
WO6
0.754
Ghi ch: l h s Cronbach Alpha, N l s bin ph hp trong nhn t
0.802
4.3.2 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t c hi thng tin

Nhn t c hi thng tin c thit lp t 5 bin quan st t OP1 n OP5,
kt qu phn tch t d liu nghin cu cho thy h s Cronbach Alpha bng
0.811 ln hn 0.6, cc h s tng quan bin tng u ln hn 0.3 (bng 4). Nh
vy ta c th kt lun nhn t c hi thng tin c o lng bi cc bin quan
st t OP1 n OP5 l tin cy v ph hp.
Bng 4. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t c hi thng tin

Code
Cronbach Alpha, N
Tng quan tng bin
Cronbach's Alpha
Nu loi bin
OP1
.703
.740
OP2
.630
.764
.618
.769
.476
.811
OP3
= 0.811, N = 5
OP4
OP5
.573
.782
4.3.3 Kim nh s tin cy ca thang o nhn t tin lng

Nhn t tin lng c xy dng t 5 bin quan st t SA1 n SA5, kt
qu phn tch t d liu nghin cu cho thy bin h s Cronbach Alpha bng
0.909 ln hn 0.6 v cc h s tng quan bin tng u ln hn 0.3 (bng 5).
iu cho thy thang o nhn t tin lng c o lng bng 5 bin quan st
t SA1 n SA5 l tin cy v ph hp..
Bng 5. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t tin lng
Code
SA1
SA2
Cronbach Alpha, N
= 0.909, N = 5
Tng quan tng bin
Cronbach's Alpha
Nu loi bin
.773
.888
.739
.895
SA3
.813
.880
SA4
.729
.897
SA5
.796
.883
4.3.4 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t lnh o

Nhn t lnh o c thit lp t 4 bin quan st t SU1 n SU4, kt
qu phn tch t d liu nghin cu cho thy h s Cronbach Alpha bng 0.924
ln hn 0.6, cc h s tng quan bin tng ca tt c cc bin quan st trong
nhn t u ln hn 0.3. Nh vy ta c th kt lun nhn t lnh o c o
lng bng cc bin quan st t SU1 n SU4 l tin cy v ph hp.
Bng 6. Kt qu kim nh tin cy thang o nhn t lnh o
Code
Cronbach Alpha, N
SU1
SU2
SU3
SU4
= 0.924, N = 4
Tng quan tng bin
Cronbach's Alpha
Nu loi bin
.851
.891
.864
.887
.830
.898
.751
.924
4.3.5 Kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t ng nghip

Nhn t ng nghip c thit lp t 4 bin quan st t CO1 n CO4,
kt qu phn tch d liu nghin cu cho thy h s Cronbach Alpha bng 0.816
ln hn 0.6, cc h s tng quan bin tng ca cc bin quan st trong nhn t
u ln hn 0.3 (bng 7). Nh vy ta c th kt lun nhn t ng nghip c
o lng bng 4 bin quan st t CO1 n CO4 l tin cy v ph hp.
Bng 7. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o nhn t ng nghip
Cronbach's Alpha
Code
Cronbach Alpha, N Tng quan tng bin
Nu loi bin
CO1
CO2
0.816, N = 4
.668
.754
.715
.731
CO3
CO4
.585
.793
.581
.794
4.3.6 Kim nh s tin cy thang o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic

Bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic c nh gi bng ba bin quan st t
JS1 n JS3, kt qu phn tch d liu nghin cu cho thy h s Cronbach Alpha
bng 0.793, cc h s tng quan bin tng u ln hn 0.3 (bng 8). Nh vy c
th kt lun thang o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic c thit lp bi ba
bin quan st t JS1 n JS3 l tin cy v ph hp.
Bng 8. Kt qu kim nh s tin cy thang o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic
Code
Cronbach Alpha, N
JS1
JS2
JS3
= 0.793, N = 3
Tng quan tng bin
Cronbach's Alpha
Nu loi bin
.613
.742
.659
.695
.639
.718
Nh vy sau khi kim nh s tin cy thang o ca tt c cc bin nghin

cu cho thy ch c duy nht bin nghin cu cng vic c mt bin quan st
(WO1) l khng ph hp s b loi ra khi phn tch. Cc bin nghin cu u c
h s Cronbach Alpha ln hn 0.7 l mc c s tin cy cao.
4.4
Phn tch khm ph nhn t

Sau khi tin hnh kim nh thang o vi h s tin cy Cronbach`s Alpha cc
thang o c nh gi tip theo bng phng php phn tch khm ph nhn t (EFA).
Phng php phn tch khm ph nhn t l phng php phn tch ph thuc ln nhau
gia cc bin. Phng php phn tch khm ph nhn t s gip cho nh nghin cu rt
gn t mt tp hp nhiu bin quan st thnh nhng bin tim n t nhng vn gii thch
c bn cht d liu (Hair et al, 2006). i vi nghin cu ny phn tch khm ph s
c thc hin cho cc bin c lp v bin ph thuc ring. Phng php rt trch
nhn t s dng l phng php rt thnh phn chnh (Principal component) vi php
xoay Varimax rt trch c s lng nhn t l b nht (Hong Trng v Chu
Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2008). Tiu chun ca phn tch l h s factor loading ti thiu l
0.5 trong mt nhn t, gi tr eigenvalue ln hn hoc bng 1, phng sai trch ti thiu
50%, h s KMO ti thiu bng 0.5, kim nh Bartlett c p-value nh hn 0.05. Kt
qu phn tch t d liu thu c nh sau:
4.4.1 Phn tch khm ph nhn t vi bin c lp
T d liu nghin cu thu c phn tch khm ph nhn t vi cc bin
quan st ca cc bin c lp sau khi loi bin WO1 do l bin rc khng o
lng nhn t cng vic (xem bng 9) ta thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 9. KMO and Bartlett's Test bin c lp
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Approx. Chi-Square
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
.865
3042.888
df
253
Sig.
.000
Bng 10. Tng phng sai trch bin c lp

Component
Initial Eigenvalues
Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %

1
7.319
31.823
31.823 3.991
17.351
17.351
3.912
17.009
48.833 3.782
16.444
33.795
2.214
9.627
58.460 3.284
14.277
48.071
2.039
8.866
67.326 2.854
12.409
60.480
1.115
4.848
72.174 2.689
11.693
72.174
.942
4.094
76.268
.618
2.685
78.952
.584
2.540
81.493
.536
2.330
83.823
10
.442
1.920
85.743
11
.414
1.801
87.543
12
.397
1.728
89.271
13
.339
1.476
90.747
14
.322
1.400
92.146
15
.291
1.265
93.412
16
.280
1.216
94.628
17
.258
1.121
95.749
18
.225
.980
96.730
19
.192
.836
97.566
20
.181
.785
98.351
21
.138
.598
98.949
22
.125
.543
99.493
23
.117
.507
100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
WO4
WO3
WO2
WO6
WO5
SA3
SA5
SA1
SA2
SA4
SU2
SU3
SU1
SU4
OP1
OP5
OP2
OP4
OP3
Bng 11. Rotated Component Matrix bin c lp

Component
1
2
3
4
5
.885
.874
.855
.805
.800
.873
.873
.861
.831
.807
.901
.866
.863
.833
.739
.735
.722
.632
.623
CO1
CO2
CO4
CO3
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.
.791
.779
.662
.653
Kt qu phn tch cho thy h s KMO = 0.865 > 0.5, kim nh Bartlett c
p-value = 0.000 < 0.05 (bng 9), phng sai trch bng 72.174% ln hn 50%, gi
tr eigenvalue bng 1.115 khi rt trch c 5 nhn t (bng 10), cc bin quan st
a vo phn tch hnh thnh 5 nhn t (bng 11). Nh vy s dng phn tch
khm ph nhn t l ph hp vi d liu nghin cu v c ngha.
4.4.2 Phn tch khm ph nhn t vi bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic
T d liu nghin cu thu thp c ta tin hnh phn tch khm ph nhn
t vi bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 12. KMO and Bartlett's Test bin ph thuc
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
.706
Approx. Chi-Square
173.493
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
df
3
Sig.
.000
Bng 13. Total Variance Explained bin ph thc
Component
Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %
1
2.126
70.860
70.860 2.126
70.860
70.860
2
.472
15.743
86.603
3
.402
13.397
100.000
Bng 14. Component Matrixa
Component
1
JS2
JS3
.856
.843
JS1
.826
Kt qu phn tch cho thy h s KMO = 0.706 ln hn 0.5, kim nh

Bartlett c p-value = 0.000 nh hn 0.05, gi tr eigenvalue bng 2.126 ln hn 1,
phng sai trch bng 70.860% ln hn 50%, ba bin quan st ch hnh thnh mt
nhn duy nht. Nh vy s dng phn tch khm ph nhn t l ph hp, thang
o bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic l mt thang o n hng.
4.5
Xy dng phng trnh hi quy v kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu

4.5.1 c lng m hnh hi quy bi t d liu nghin cu
kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu t ra v mi quan h nhn qu
gia cc yu t cng vic v s hi lng cng vic ta s dng k thut phn tch
hi quy. Trong bin JS_hi lng cng vic l bin ph thuc, cc bin
WO_cng vic, OP_c hi thng tin, SA_tin lng, SU_lnh o v CO_ng
nghip l cc bin c lp. Cc bin c s dng cho phn tch hi quy l cc
bin chun ha s dng s nhn nhn t (factor score) t kt qu phn tch khm
ph nhn t trong phn 4.3. Kt qu phn tch d liu vi s h tr ca phn mm
SPSS thu c nh sau:
Bng 15. Tm tt thng s m hnh

Model
R
R Square Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Durbin-Watson
Square
Estimate
a
1
.785
.616
.606
.62786456
2.060
a. Predictors: (Constant), CO, SU, SA, OP, WO
b. Dependent Variable: JS
Model
Table 16. Phn tch phng sai (ANOVAa)

Sum of
df
Mean
F
Squares
Square
Regression
118.888
5
23.778 60.316
Residual
74.112
188
.394
Total
193.000
193
Sig.
.000b
a. Dependent Variable: JS
b. Predictors: (Constant), CO, SU, SA, OP, WO
Bng 17. Cc h s m hnh (Coefficientsa)
Model
Unstandardized
Standardized
t
Sig.
Collinearity
Coefficients
Coefficients
Statistics
B
Std. Error
Beta
Tolerance VIF
(Constant) -1.227E-016
.045
.000 1.000
WO
.230
.045
.230 5.085
.000
1.000 1.000
OP
.412
.045
.412 9.109
.000
1.000 1.000
1
SA
-.056
.045
-.056 -1.233
.219
1.000 1.000
SU
.117
.045
.117 2.599
.010
1.000 1.000
CO
.614
.045
.614 13.582
.000
1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: JS
Phng trnh hi quy c xc nh bng nh sau: JS = 0.230WO +
0.412OP 0.056SA + 0.117SU + 0.614CO, phn tch phng sai cho thy kim
nh F c p-value = 0.000 iu chng t c t nht mt bin c lp trong m
hnh c h s Beta khc khng. H s Adjusted R square = 0.606 chng t cc
bin c lp gii thch c 60.6% s thay i ca bin ph thuc JS_hi lng
cng vic.V s dng bin chun ha nn m hnh c lng c khng b vi
phm cc gi thuyt ca phng php OLS.
4.5.2 Kim nh gi thuyt nghin cu
Kim nh gi thuyt H1: Nhn t cng vic c tc ng tch cc n s hi
lng cng vic. T d liu nghin cu ta thy h s Beta ca bin WO l = 0.230 ln
hn 0, p-value = 0.000 nh hn 0.05. Nh vy vi h s tin cy 95% ta c th cho rng
nhn t cng vic c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Hay ni cch khc ta
chp nhn gi thuyt H1. Kt qu nghin cu ny cho thy nhn t cng vic ph hp
cng l mt yu t c nh hng kh ln n cm nhn chung v cng vic. Nu Cng
ty tm cc gii php tng mc hi lng v yu t cng vic ln 1 n v th mc

hi lng tng th s thng ln 0.230 n v.
Kim nh gi thuyt H2: Nhn t c hi thng tin c tc ng tch cc n
s hi lng cng vic. T d liu nghin cu ta thy h s Beta ca bin OP l = 0.412
ln hn 0, p value = 0.000 nh hn 0.05. Nh vy vi h s tin cy 95% c th cho
rng nhn t c hi thng tin c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Hay ni
cch khc ta chp nhn gi thuyt H2. Kt qu ny mt ln na kim chng mi quan
h tch cc gia c hi thng tin v s hi lng cng vic. Nu c hi thng tin cng
c nh gi cao th mc hi lng cng cao. Theo kt qu ny th Cng ty ci thin
c 1 im nh gi v c hi thng tin s lm tng mc hi lng ln 0.412 im.
Kim nh gi thuyt H3: Nhn t tin lng c tc ng tch cc n s hi
lng cng vic. T d liu nghin cu ta thy thng k t tng ng ca n c p value
= 0.219 ln hn 0.05. Nh vy vi h s tin cy 95% c th cho rng nhn t tin lng
khng c nh hng n s hi lng cng vic. Hay ni cch khc ta bc b gi thuyt
H3. iu ny c gii thch l hin nay mc thu nhp bng lng ca nhn vin lm
trong ngnh in ti Vit Nam ni chung v Hi Dng ni ring c mc thu nhp kh
tt. Khi so snh vi cc ngnh khc ngnh in c thu nhp mc kh hn so vi nhiu
ngnh. Vi mc lng hin ti ca Cng ty in lc Hi Dng so vi mc thu nhp
ca cc doanh nghip khc trn a bn hin ti l kh tt. Ngi lao ng c th d
dng so snh cng mc yu cu v k nng lm vic v cng cng vic nu
lm cc n v khc th h c thu nhp tt hn. Mt khc vi mc thu nhp hin ti
ca ngi lao ng so snh vi cc chi ph sinh hot th mc thu nhp l tng i kh.
Mc thu nhp hin ti to ra cho h mt cuc sng kh thoi mi so vi cc ngnh khc

trong iu kin kinh t kh khn hin nay.Do mc k vng v tin lng i vi
ngi lao ng l khng cao. C th xem n nh mt nhn t t c nhng k
vng c bn ca ngi lao ng nn n khng cn l ngun kch thch s hi lng trong
cng vic ca h na.
Kim nh gi thuyt H4: Nhn t lnh o c tc ng tch vc n s hi
lng cng vic. T d liu nghin cu ta thy h s Beta ca bin SU l = 0.117 ln
hn 0, p value = 0.010 nh hn 0.05 Nh vy vi h s tin cy 95% c th cho rng
nhn t lnh o c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Hay ni cch khc ta
chp nhn gi thuyt H4. iu ny cho thy nu cng ty ci thin cm nhn ca ngi
lao ng v nhn t lnh o (thay i phong cch lnh o, ci thin quan h lnh o
nhn vin) tng thm 1 im th mc hi lng cng vic tng ln 0.117 im.
Kim nh gi thuyt H5: Nhn t ng nghip c tc ng tch cc n s
hi lng cng vic. T d liu nghin cu ta thy h s Beta ca bin CO l = 0.614
ln hn 0, p-value = 0.000 nh hn 0.05. Nh vy vi h s tin cy 95% c th cho
rng nhn t ng nghip c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic. Hay ni cch
khc ta chp nhn gi thuyt H5. Kt qu ny mt ln na cho thy yu t ng nghip
cng l nhn t nh hng rt ln n s hi lng cng vic. Nu ngi lao ng hi
lng vi mi quan h ng nghip (v d xy dng vn ha doanh nghip) th h cng
c xu hng hi lng hn vi cng vic ni chung. Theo kt qu nghin cu ny nu ci
thin nhn t ng nghip tng thm 1 im nh gi th mc hi lng cng vic
tng thm 0.612 im.
4.6
Kim nh s khc nhau v cm nhn vi cc bin theo cc nhm lao ng

phn loi theo nhn khu hc
kim nh c s khc nhau hay khng gia cc nhm lao ng phn loi theo
nhn khu hc ta s dng cc k thut phn thch bng T-test v ANOVA. Tuy nhin cc
bin trong phn phn tch hi quy l cc bin chun ha s dng s nhn nhn t (factor
score) khi phn tch khm ph nhn t s khng ph hp phn tch bng T-test v
ANOVA v cc bin chun ha c phng sai v trung bnh bng nhau, v vy cc bin
ny s c m ha ha li theo quy tc ly trung bnh gin n nh sau:
ReWO = Mean(WO2,WO3,WO4,WO5,WO6) (bin cng vic)
ReOP = Mean(OP1, OP2,OP3,OP4,OP5) (bin c hi thng tin)
ReSA = Mean(SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5) (bin tin lng)
ReSU = Mean(SU1, SU2, SU3, SU4) (bin lnh o)
ReCO = Mean(CO1, CO2, CO3, CO4) (bin ng nghip)
ReJS = Mean(JS1, JS2, JS3) (bin hi lng cng vic)
Kt qu kim nh s khc nhau vi cc bin nh sau ( y ta khng xem xt
phn tch vi bin ReSA v bin tin lng khng c ngha thng k phn tch hi
quy).
4.6.1 Kim nh s khc nhau gia cc bin theo gii tnh
kim nh s khc nhau theo gii tnh gia hai nhm lao ng nam v
n ta s dng phn tch bng Independent T-test, kim tra hin tng ng
phng sai trc bng kim nh Levene. Kt qu phn tch t d liu thu c
nh sau:
ReWO
ReOP
ReSU
Gender
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Bng 18. Thng k nhm theo gii tnh

N
Mean
Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
132 3.7773
.70922
.06173
62 3.9161
.68477
.08697
132 3.7061
.55172
.04802
62 3.6871
.59464
.07552
132 3.4716
.61054
.05314
ReCO
ReJS
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
62
132
62
132
62
3.4718
3.6932
3.6774
3.5000
3.5269
.71875
.62821
.62297
.65835
.69751
.09128
.05468
.07912
.05730
.08858
Bng 19. Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
F
Equal variances
assumed
ReWO
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
ReOP
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
ReSU
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
ReCO
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
ReJS
Equal variances
not assumed
Sig.
.577
1.022
4.112
.108
.529
.448
.313
.044
.743
.468
t-test for Equality of Means
t
-1.286
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Difference
192
.200
-.13886
-1.302 123.369
.195
-.13886
192
.828
.01896
.212 111.790
.833
.01896
192
.999
-.00018
-.002 103.801
.999
-.00018
192
.870
.01576
.164 120.398
.870
.01576
192
.795
-.02688
-.255 113.478
.799
-.02688
.218
-.002
.163
-.260
Kt qu phn tch cho thy:

i vi bin cng vic (ReWO) kim nh Levene c p-value = 0.448 ln
hn 0.05 chng t phng sai gia hai nhm lao ng nam v n v bin cng
vic l khng khc nhau. Do ta s s dng kt qu dng Equal variances
assumed cho thy T-test c p-value = 0.200 ln hn 0.05. iu chng t

khng c s khc bit c ngha gia hai nhm lao ng nam v n vi nhn t
cng vic. Kt qu im nh gi trung bnh theo nhm i vi bin cng vic
cng cho thy im nh gi gia nam v na c chnh lch rt nh.
i vi bin c hi thng tin (ReOP) kim nh Levene c p-value =
0.313 ln hn 0.05 chng t phng sai gia hai nhm lao ng nam v na v
bin c hi thng tin l khng khc nhau. Do ta s dng kt qu dng
Equal variances assumed cho thy T test c p-value = 0.828 ln hn 0.05.
iu chng t khng c s khc bit gia nhm lao ng nam v n vi nhn
t c hi thng tin. Kt qu nh gi trung bnh theo nhm cng cho thy im
nh gi gia hai nhm c chnh lch rt nh.
i vi bin lnh o (ReSU) kim nh Levene c p-value = 0.044 nh
hn 0.05, iu chng t vi bin lnh o phng sai theo hai nhm nam v
n l khc nhau. Do ta s s dng kt qu kim nh T-test dng Equal
variances not assumed, kt qu cho thy p-value = 0.999 ln hn 0.05. iu
chng t l gia hai nhm lao ng nam v n khng c s khc bit v mc
nh gi vi bin lnh o. Kt qu nh gi trung bnh theo nhm cng cho thy
im nh gi gia hai nhm c chnh lch rt nh.
i vi bin ng nghip (ReCO) kim nh Levene c p value = 0.743,
iu chng t gia hai nhm lao ng nam v n c phng sai nh gi bng
nhau. Do ta s s dng kt qu kim nh T-test dng Equal variances
assumed c p value = 0.870 ln hn 0.05. iu chng t l gia hai nhm
lao ng nam v n khng c s khc bit v mc nh gi vi bin ng
nghip. Kt qu nh gi trung bnh theo nhm cng cho thy im nh gi gia
hai nhm c chnh lch rt nh.
i vi bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic (ReJS) kim nh Levene c pvalue = 0.468 ln hn 0.05, iu chng t phng sai gia hai nhm lao ng
l khng khc nhau. Do ta s s dng kt qu kim nh T-test dng Equal
variances assumed c p-value = 0.795 l hn 0.05. iu chng t rng khng
c s khc bit v mc hi lng cng vic gia nhm lao ng nam v n. Kt
qu nh gi trung bnh theo nhm cng cho thy im nh gi gia hai nhm c
chnh lch rt nh.
4.6.2 Kim nh s khc nhau theo nhm tui
nh gi s khc bit theo nhm tui ta s dng k thut phn tch
phng sai (ANOVA) tm ra s khc bit c xy ra gia cc nhm hay khng.
Nu c s khc nhau trong cc nhm ta tip tc s dng phn tch su (Post Hoc
Test) bng gi tr Tukey tm ra s khc bit gia nhng nhm no. Kt qu
phn tch t d liu nh sau:
Bng 20. Phn tch phng sai theo nhm tui
Sum of
df
Mean
F
Squares
Square
Between
Groups
ReWO
Within Groups
Total
Between
Groups
ReOP
Within Groups
Total
Between
Groups
ReSU
Within Groups
Total
Between
Groups
ReCO
Within Groups
Total
Between
Groups
ReJS
Within Groups
Total
5.258
1.314
90.052
95.309
189
193
.476
2.408
.602
59.052
61.460
189
193
.312
3.808
.952
76.536
80.344
189
193
.405
5.496
1.374
69.886
75.383
189
193
.370
4.801
1.200
81.685
86.486
189
193
.432
Sig.
2.759
.029
1.927
.108
2.351
.056
3.716
.006
2.777
.028
Kt qu phn tch cho thy:

i vi bin cng vic kim nh F gia cc nhm c p-value = 0.029
nh hn 0.05. Nh vy chng t c s khc bit gia cc nhm lao ng khc
nhau theo tui vi bin cng vic. Kim tra bng gi tr Tukey ca phn tch so
snh a nhm cho thy c s khc bit gia nhm lao ng di 24 tui vi nhm
t 25 30 v nhm 36 40 , theo xu hng cho thy nhm lao ng di 24
tui c mc hi lng vi cng vic cao hn (bng 21)
i vi bin ng nghip kim nh F gia cc nhm cng c p-value =
0.006 nh hn 0.05. Nh vy chng t c s khc bit gia nhm lao ng theo
tui khc nhau v yu t ng nghip. Kim tra bng gi tr Tukey khi phn
tch so snh a nhm cho thy khc bit xy ra gia nhm lao ng c tui di
24 v cc nhm cn li, theo xu hng cho thy nhm lao ng c tui di 24
c mc hi lng vi nhn t ng nghip hn cc nhm khc (bng 21)
i vi bin ph thuc hi lng cng vic kim nh F gia cc nhm
cng c p value = 0.028 nh hn 0.05. iu chng t c s khc bit gia
nhm lao ng theo tui v mc hi lng cng vic tng th. Kim tra bng
gi tr Tukey khi phn tch so snh a nhm cho thy c s khc bit xy ra
nhm di 24 tui vi nhm 31 35 v nhm 36 40, theo xu hng cho thy
nhm lao ng di 24 tui c mc hi lng cng vic cao hn (bng 21)
i vi cc bin c hi thng tin v lnh o phn tch phng sai
cho thy kim nh F gia cc nhm c p-value ln hn 0.05, iu chng t
khng c s khc bit c ngha gia cc nhm lao ng theo tui v cc yu
t ny.
Bng 21. Kt qu phn tch so snh a nhm bng gi trTukey
Dependent
Variable
ReWO
(I) IP2
(J) IP2
Mean
Std. Error
Difference (IJ)
25 30
.50508*
.16949
31- 35
.37249
.15878
Below 24
*
36 40
.49033
.17108
Higher 40
.47741
.20364
*
25 - 30
Below 24
-.50508
.16949
31- 35
-.13260
.13654
Sig.
.027
.135
.037
.136
.027
.868
95% Confidence Interval

Lower
Upper Bound
Bound
.0383
.9719
-.0648
.8098
.0191
.9615
-.0835
1.0383
-.9719
-.0383
-.5087
.2435
31- 35
36 - 40
Higher 40
Below 24
25 - 30
ReCO
31- 35
36 - 40
Higher 40
ReJS
Below 24
36 40
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
36 40
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
31- 35
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
31- 35
36 40
25 30
31- 35
36 40
Higher 40
Below 24
31- 35
36 40
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
36 40
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
31- 35
Higher 40
Below 24
25 30
31- 35
36 40
25 30
31- 35
36 40
-.01475
-.02767
-.37249
.13260
.11785
.10492
-.49033*
.01475
-.11785
-.01293
-.47741
.02767
-.10492
.01293
.44035*
.37169
.54359*
.51157*
-.44035*
-.06866
.10323
.07122
-.37169
.06866
.17189
.13988
-.54359*
-.10323
-.17189
-.03201
-.51157*
-.07122
-.13988
.03201
.35716
.43739*
.51069*
.15067
.18683
.15878
.13654
.13851
.17716
.17108
.15067
.13851
.18827
.20364
.18683
.17716
.18827
.14931
.13987
.15071
.17940
.14931
.12029
.13273
.16458
.13987
.12029
.12202
.15607
.15071
.13273
.12202
.16585
.17940
.16458
.15607
.16585
.16143
.15122
.16294
1.000
1.000
.135
.868
.914
.976
.037
1.000
.914
1.000
.136
1.000
.976
1.000
.029
.064
.004
.038
.029
.979
.937
.993
.064
.979
.623
.898
.004
.937
.623
1.000
.038
.993
.898
1.000
.180
.034
.017
-.4297
-.5422
-.8098
-.2435
-.2636
-.3830
-.9615
-.4002
-.4993
-.5315
-1.0383
-.4869
-.5929
-.5056
.0291
-.0136
.1285
.0175
-.8516
-.4000
-.2624
-.3821
-.7569
-.2626
-.1642
-.2900
-.9587
-.4688
-.5080
-.4888
-1.0057
-.5245
-.5697
-.4248
-.0874
.0209
.0619
.4002
.4869
.0648
.5087
.4993
.5929
-.0191
.4297
.2636
.5056
.0835
.5422
.3830
.5315
.8516
.7569
.9587
1.0057
-.0291
.2626
.4688
.5245
.0136
.4000
.5080
.5697
-.1285
.2624
.1642
.4248
-.0175
.3821
.2900
.4888
.8018
.8539
.9595
Higher 40
.37654
.19395
.299
-.1577
Below 24
-.35716
.16143
.180
-.8018
31- 35
.08023
.13004
.972
-.2780
25 - 30
36 40
.15353
.14350
.822
-.2417
Higher 40
.01938
.17793
1.000
-.4707
*
Below 24
-.43739
.15122
.034
-.8539
25 30
-.08023
.13004
.972
-.4384
31- 35
36 40
.07330
.13191
.981
-.2900
Higher 40
-.06085
.16873
.996
-.5256
*
Below 24
-.51069
.16294
.017
-.9595
25 30
-.15353
.14350
.822
-.5488
36 - 40
31- 35
-.07330
.13191
.981
-.4366
Higher 40
-.13415
.17931
.945
-.6280
Below 24
-.37654
.19395
.299
-.9107
25 30
-.01938
.17793
1.000
-.5095
Higher 40
31- 35
.06085
.16873
.996
-.4039
36 40
.13415
.17931
.945
-.3597
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
.9107
.0874
.4384
.5488
.5095
-.0209
.2780
.4366
.4039
-.0619
.2417
.2900
.3597
.1577
.4707
.5256
.6280
4.6.3 Kim nh s khc nhau theo trnh hc vn

kim tra s khc nhau gia cc nhm theo trnh hc vn ta cng s
dng k thut phn tch phng sai, kt qu phn tch t d liu nghin cu thu
c nh sau:
Bng 22. Phn tch phng sai theo trnh hc vn
Sum of
df
Mean
F
Squares
Square
Between Groups
.116
2
.058
.116
ReWO Within Groups
95.194
191
.498
Total
95.309
193
Between Groups
.664
2
.332
1.043
ReOP Within Groups
60.796
191
.318
Total
61.460
193
Between Groups
1.185
2
.592
1.429
ReSU Within Groups
79.159
191
.414
Total
80.344
193
ReCO Between Groups
.098
2
.049
.124
Sig.
.891
.354
.242
.883
ReJS
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
75.285
75.383
1.131
85.354
86.486
191
193
2
191
193
.394
.566
.447
1.266
.284
Kt qu phn tch cho thy kim nh F gia cc nhm ca tt c cc bin

u c p-value ln hn 0.05 (nh nht vi bin ReSU l 0.242), iu chng t
khng c s khc bit gia cc nhm lao ng theo trnh hc vn.
4.6.4 Kim nh s khc nhau theo s nm cng tc
kim tra s khc nhau theo s nm cng tc ca ngi lao ng ta cng
s dng k thut phn tch phng sai, t d liu nghin cu khi phn tch thu
c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 23. Phn tch phng sai theo nm cng tc
Sum of
df
Mean
F
Squares
Square
Between Groups
.413
3
.138
.276
ReWO Within Groups
94.896
190
.499
Total
95.309
193
Between Groups
1.369
3
.456
1.443
ReOP Within Groups
60.091
190
.316
Total
61.460
193
Between Groups
.665
3
.222
.528
ReSU Within Groups
79.679
190
.419
Total
80.344
193
Between Groups
2.297
3
.766
1.991
ReCO Within Groups
73.085
190
.385
Total
75.383
193
Between Groups
2.983
3
.994
2.262
ReJS Within Groups
83.503
190
.439
Total
86.486
193
Sig.
.843
.232
.663
.117
.083
Kt qu phn tch cho thy kim nh F gia cc nhm trong tt c cc bin

em ra phn tch u c p-value ln hn 0.05 (nh nht l bin ReJS c p value
= 0.083). Nh vy ta c th cho rng khng c s khc bit c ngha gia cc

nhm lao ng phn loi theo s nm cng tc vi tt c cc bin em ra kho st.
4.7
Tho lun
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy c mi quan h kh cht ch gia cc yu t thuc
thang o JDI (tr bin tin lng) vi s hi lng cng vic tng th. Trong nghin cu
ny nhn t nh hng ln nht l nhn t ng nghip, kt qu ny tng ng vi
kt lun t nghin cu ca Madison (2000 dn theo Luddy, 2005) cho thy yu t ng
nghip l mt trong nhng nhn t nh hng ln n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng.
Tuy nhin n li c s khc bit vi nghin cu ca H Nam Khnh Giao (2011) trong
lnh vc sn xut nc ung (Tp on Tn Hip Pht), nghin cu ca H Nam Khnh
Giao cho thy nhn t ng nghip khng c ngha thng k khi xem xt nh hng
ca n n s hi lng cng vic. Khi xem xt c im ca hai n v nghin cu cho
thy c s khc bit kh ln gia nghin cu ca H Nam Khnh Giao v nghin cu
ny. Nghin cu ca H Nam Khnh Giao c thc hin ti mt doanh nghip c
ngun vn t nhn,i vi cng nhn sn xut, cng vic h da trn dy chuyn sn
xut c s phn cng rt c th. Do cc quan h v ng nghip v mt chuyn mn
s mang tnh bt buc v n c xem nh mt thuc tnh bt buc phi c. Trong khi
nghin cu ny ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng l doanh nghip c ngun vn nh
nc, mc chi tit trong cng vic hn ch hn v vy ngi lao ng nh gi nhn
t ng nghip c th cng cao hn, n c nh hng ln hn trong vic to ra s hi
lng cng vic chung ca ngi lao ng. Yu t quan trng th hai theo kt qu nghin
cu l c hi thng tin, kt qu ny cng cho thy s tng ng vi nhiu kt qu
nghin cu khc (H Nam Khnh Giao, 2011; Chu Vn Ton, 2009; Luddy, 2005;
Ellickson and Logsdon, 2002). Kt qu ny mt ln na khng nh mi quan h gia
vic thng tin trong t chc v s hi lng cng vic. Yu t c nh hng th ba n
s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng l nhn t cng vic kt qu ny cng ph
hp vi mi quan h k vng gia cc bin t m hnh. Mt ln na n kim chng mi
quan h tch cc gia bn cht cng vic ph hp vi s hi lng cng vic tng th.
Nhn t ngha thng k cui cng trong m hnh l nhn t lnh o, kt qu cng
cho thy c s hi lng cng vic chu nh hng t cc yu t lnh o. Kt qu
nghin cu ny cng ph hp vi nhiu nghin cu khc nh nghin cu ca Robbin et

al (2002), Luddy (2005), Trn Kim Dung (2005), Chu Vn Ton (2009) u cho thy
mi quan h tch cc gia s hi lng cng vic vi nhn t lnh o. Trong nghin
cu ny cng cho thy nhn t tin lng khng phi l nhn t c nh hng n s
hi lng cng vic. Kt qu ny kim nghim li kin ca Bassett (1999 dn theo
Luddy, 2005) cho rng yu t tin lng hay thu nhp khng c nhiu bng chng cho
thy c nh hng n s hi lng cng vic nu cng vic ca ngi lao ng khng
ph hp vi h.
i vi cc yu t c nhn ca ngi lao ng c nh hng n mc hi lng
cng vic hay khng? Kt qu nghin cu cho thy:
i vi yu t gii tnh, tt c cc bin nghin cu trong m hnh u khng cho
thy c s khc bit gia ngi lao ng nam v n v mc hi lng tng th cng
nh mc hi lng vi tng thnh phn cng vic. iu ny cho thy mc cm
nhn ca ngi lao ng nam v n l kh ging nhau. Nguyn nhn c th do hin nay
ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng cc ch i vi ngi lao ng ang c thc hin
tt, khng c hin tng phn bit i vi lao ng nam v n.
i vi yu t tui ca ngi lao ng: Kt qu nghin cu cho thy i vi
cc bin hi lng cng vic, c hi thng tin, lnh o cm nhn ca ngi lao
ng gia cc nhm tui l kh ging nhau. Tuy nhin i vi nhn t cng vic v
ng nghip c s khc bit gia nhm lao ng c tui tr di 24 tui, xu hng
cho thy nhng ngi lao ng ny c mc hi lng cao hn. Nguyn nhn l do
nhng lao ng tr thng c xu hng ha nhp nhanh hn vi cc mi trng mi,
ng thi mi trng lm vic vi cc nhn vin hin kh thn thin nn h c xu
hng hi lng hn vi yu t ng nghip. Bn cnh ngi lao ng tr hin nay vn
c xu hng mun lm vic trong cc doanh nghip nh nc, c bit trong thi im
kinh t c nhiu kh khn nh hin nay. V vy vic lm ti nhng ni lm vic ph hp
vi chuyn mn c o to nh ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng s lm h hi lng
hn so vi nhng nhm lao ng c tui ln hn.
i vi yu t hc vn, kt qu cng khng cho thy s khc bit qu ln gia
cc nhm c trnh hc vn khc nhau v tt c cc bin nghin cu. iu ny c th
do trnh ngi lao ng c s tng ng nhau kh ln. Lao ng ti n v ch yu

c trnh cao ng v i hc. i vi yu t thm nin cng tc, kt qu cng cho
thy khng c s khc bit gia cc nhm lao ng theo s nm cng tc.
Chng 5: Kt lun v kin ngh

5.1
Kt lun
Mc ch chnh ca nghin cu ny kim nghim mi quan h gia cc yu t
cng vic vi s hi lng tng th ca ngi lao ng v cng vic. Kt qu nghin cu

cho thy c bn trong nm nhn t thuc m hnh JDI c nh hng n s hi lng
cng vic l (1) cng vic, (2) c hi thng tin, (3) lnh o v (4) ng nghip nhn t
tin lng khng c nh hng r rng n mc hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao
ng. Trong cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic th nhn t ng nghip
c nh hng ln nht, tip n l cc nhn t c hi thng tin, cng vic v cui
cng l nhn t lnh o. i vi cc bin nhn khu hc kt qu cng cho thy

khng c s khc bit gia cc nhm lao ng v cc bin nghin cu i vi yu t
gii tnh, hc vn v thu nhp. Nhn t c hi thng tin v cng vic nghin cu
cho thy c s khc bit gia nhm lao ng c tui tr hn so vi cc nhm khc.
V mc hi lng vi cng vic hin ti nghin cu cng cho thy im nh gi qua
kho st thc nghim t mc kh tt trn tt c cc ch tiu kho st. iu cho
thy hin ti ngi lao ng kh hi lng vi cng vic ang lm ca mnh ti Cng ty
in lc Hi Dng.
5.2
Kin ngh t kt qu nghin cu

Kt qu nghin cu cho thy c bn trong nm nhn t nh hng n s hi lng
cng vic ca ngi lao ng c ngha thng k. Kt qu ny cng a ra mt s hm

cho cc nh qun l c th ci thin mc hi lng cng vic bng cch ci thin
nh gi i vi tng ch tiu. Mt s gi t kt qu nghin cu ny nh sau:
nng cao mc hi lng vi cng vic u tin cn quan tm n yu t
cng vic. Cch b tr lao ng phi ph hp vi nng lc chuyn mn ca ngi lao
ng, cng vic phi to ra tnh thch thc va phi nhng c tnh cht kch thch.
nng cao mc hi lng cng vic cn nng cao mc nh gi ca
ngi lao ng i vi nhn t ng nghip. Vic ny i hi cn xy dng vn ha
doanh nghip, xy dng tinh thn hp tc trong cc b phn ca cng ty. Ngi lao
ng phi to ra s thn thin v tin cy ln nhau trong quan h ng nghip trong cng
vic. Vic to ra mi trng lm vic c s hp tc ln nhau cn xy dng nhng quy
trnh lm vic ngy mt hon thin, c s phn cng cng vic r rng v i hi tnh
hp tc gia nhng ngi lao ng vi nhau, gia nhng b phn trong cng ty vi
nhau.
nng cao mc hi lng cng vic cn nng cao mc hi lng vi nhn
t c hi thng tin. C ch thng tin trong cng ty cn da trn thnh tch thc t
ca ngi lao ng, phi to ra ng lc cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc nhn vin vi
nhau. C hi to ra gia cc c nhn vi nhau phi m bo yu t cng bng.
nng cao mc hi lng cng vic Cng ty cn ch n yu t lnh o,
cc lnh o ti cc b phn cn c nh hng vi phong cch lnh o dn ch thay
cho phong cch c on. Ngi lnh o to ra s tin tng v h tr nhn vin trong
cng vic, i x cng bng vi cc nhn vin khc nhau.
5.3
ngha ca nghin cu
V mt hc thut, nghin cu ny tip tc khng nh m hnh JDI l mt m hnh
ng tin cy trong vic nh gi s hi lng cng vic ca ngi lao ng. Trong nm
yu t thuc m hnh JDI bng thc nghim cho thy c bn nhn t c ngha thng
k cho thy mi quan h vi s hi lng cng vic.V mt thc tin nghin cu cng
a ra nhng hm cho nh qun l tm cc gii php nng cao mc hi lng ca
nhn vin trong cng ty.
5.4
Hn ch ca nghin cu
Th nht do thi gian nghin cu hn ch v c bit l kinh ph cho nghin cu
hn hp nn tc gi cha thc hin c vic phng vn su sau nghin cu nh lng

tm hiu cc thng tin bn trong, bn cht su hn t cc kt lun nghin cu bng
bng cu hi ng.
Th hai v phng php ly mu theo quy tc kinh nghim, phi xc sut c th
khng nh gi ht c cc sai s o lng t phng php ly mu. Do cc kt
lun c th c nhng hn ch nht nh.
Th ba nghin cu c thc hin trong mt thi im v vy cha c nhiu c s
nh gi cc xu hng thay i i vi vn nghin cu.
5.5
Hng nghin cu tip theo

Th nht nn m rng c mu iu tra, phng php ly mu theo cc quy tc xc
sut s a ra cc kt lun chnh xc hn v i din hn cho tng th nghin cu

Th hai nn thc hin cc nghin cu trong nhng khong thi gian di v lp
li nh gi cc xu hng thay i c tt hn.
Th ba thc hin phi hp cc phng php nghin cu nh lng v nh tnh
bng cc k thut nh phng vn su sau nghin cu nh lng tm hiu su hn
cc thng tin bn trong t ngi lao ng
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Ph lc
Ph lc 01: Bng hi iu tra
Bng hi ny nhm mc ch nh gi v phn tch mc hi lng trong cng vic v
cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng trong cng vic ti cng ty in lc Hi Dng,
mong anh/ch in thng tin y vo phiu sau.
Xin mi anh/ch bt u in!
Part I: Thng tin c nhn
Tn:
Ngy:
2013
1.
Gii tnh ca nh/ch

Nam
2.
Tui
3.
Di 24
25-30
3640
Trn 40
31-35
Trnh hc vn
Cao ng
Thc s
2
3
4
5
6
II
8
9
10
11
12
III
13
Trn 15 nm
Ni dung cu hi
Bn cht cng vic

WO1 Cng vic ph hp vi nng lc v chuyn mn
WO2 Hiu r rng v cng vic
Hon ton ng
6 15 nm
ng
1 5 nm
Bnh thng
No.
Di 1 nm
Khng ng
S nm cng tc
Hon ton khng ng
4.
i hc
WO3 Cng vic cho php pht huy kh nng c nhn.

WO4 C ng lc sng to trong cng vic
WO5 Cng vic th v v c th thch

WO6 Khi lng cng vic hp l
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
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5
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5
C hi thng tin
OP1 c o to chuyn mn y
OP2 C hi nng cao cc k nng chuyn mn
OP3 To c hi cho nhng ngi c kh nng
OP4 C c hi pht trin c nhn
OP5 Chnh sch o to v pht trin rt cng bng
Lng
SA1 Lng ph hp vi kh nng v ng gp
14
16
17
18
IV
19
20
Phn thng cng bng cho cng vic hiu qu cng

SA2 vic
Phn phi cng bng tin lng, thng v ph cp cho
SA3 theo ng gp.
SA4 C th sng vi mc thu nhp hin ti
SA5 Mc lng ngang bng vi cc n v khc
H tr ca cp trn
SU1 Cp trn lun quan tm n cp di
SU2 Nhn vin nhn c nhiu h tr t cp trn
Cp trn i x vi mi ngi cng bng
Cp trn c nng lc, tm nhn v kh nng lnh o tt
21
SU3
22
SU4
V
23
24
25
26
VII
1
2
3
Quan h vi ng nghip
CO1 ng nghip thng xuyn sn sng gip ln nhau
CO2 ng nghip lm vic hiu qu vi nhau
CO3 ng nghip thn thin
CO4 ng nghip ng tin cy
Mc hi lng chung
JS1
Cm thy hi lng khi lm vic ti y
JS2
Cm thy vui mng khi c chn vo lm vic y
JS5
Coi c quan nh ngi nh th 2
Xin chn thnh cm n!
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Nghiên C U M C Đ Hài Lòng C A Nhân Viên

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Copyright:

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Nghiên C U M C Đ Hài Lòng C A Nhân Viên

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Shu - Te University

Nghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng

Mghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng ty

Phm Tun Ngc

Nghin cu mc s hi lng ca nhn vin ti Cng ty

Sinh vin: Pham Tuan Ngoc

3.2 Cng c o lng............................................................................................18

4.5.1 c lng m hnh hi quy bi t d liu nghin cu.........................37

Danh sch cc bng

Danh sch cc hnh

Hnh 1. Quy trnh nghin cu............................................................................................5

Chn 1: Gii thiu chung

Cn c theo iu l t chc hot ng Cng ty TNHH MTV in lc Hi Dng

khn, nht l vn qun l ngun nhn lc.

vin HDPC v iu tra s hi lng ca cng vic trong HDPC.

Quy trnh nghin cu

Hnh 1. Quy trnh nghin cu

Chng 2: Tng quan l thuyt

nh ngha v hi lng cng vic

Cc l thuyt v hi lng cng vic

2.2.1 Thuyt nhu cu ca Maslow

Hnh 2. M hnh Maslow

vic tt hn. H mun vt qua cc kh khn, tr ngi. H mun cm thy rng

Lng mong mun thc hin cc trch nhim c nhn.

Xu hng t ra cc mc tiu cao cho chnh h.

Nhu cu cao v s phn hi c th, ngay lp tc.

Nhanh chng, sm lm ch cng vic ca h

Nhu cu lin minh

yu, bn b, etc. Ngi lao ng c nhu cu ny mnh s lm vic tt nhng cng

ca h. Cc nh nghin cu ch ra rng ngi c nhu cu quyn lc mnh v nhu

nh qun tr thnh cng l ngi c nhu cu quyn lc mnh nht, k n l nhu

i vi s tng thng) s dn n s tho mn. Nh vy s tho mn l kt qu

Hnh 3. M hnh thc y ng c ca Porter and Lawler

Li ch t vic lm hi lng nhn vin

2002). to ra s trung thnh v gn b vi t chc cn to ra s hi lng ca ngi

Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng cng vic

ch s JDI. Cc nhn t ny bao gm: cng vic, c hi thng tin, lnh o, ng

lm vic vn phng ti TP. H Ch Minh cng cho thy c hi thng tin c nh

hnh JDI vi s hi lng cng vic tng th. C th y l s xem xt nh hng

Nhng nh hng ca s hi lng cng vic

lm vic, ngh vic v s vng mt:

Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu

ng ti Cng ty in lc Hi Dng. V vy tng th nghin cu c xc nh l ton

trong nghin cu ny.

3.2.3 L do chn JDI

c c gi tr v ng tin cy c chng minh nh gi s hi lng ca cng

Vorster (1992) trch dn trong Cockcroft (2001) kt lun rng JDI c

chun ha v tm thy l ph hp vi iu kin trong cc nghin cu khc nhau.

JDI c coi l thit k cn thn v l cng c pht trin nht o lng

JDI c s dng trong cc cuc iu tra trc trong khu vc cng

JDI l d s dng v khng i hi mt mc cao v kh nng c

hon thnh (Heneman, Schwab, Fossum v Dyer, 1983).

M hnh nghin cu v cc gi thuyt nghin cu

nghin cu thit lp cc cu hi c iu chnh vi nhiu mc hn dng cu hi tr

Hnh 4. M hnh nghin cu

thuyt ca Herzberg. Cc bng chng thc nghim gn y trong cc nghin cu ti

H4: Nhn t lnh o c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng cng vic.

Pht trin thang o lng cc bin nghin cu v thit lp bng hi iu tra

(1969) vi 5 nhn t chnh c s dng l cc bin c lp, bin ph thuc hi lng

Cc bin quan st c xy dng da trn nn tng l thuyt JDI ng thi tc gi

Cng vic ph hp vi nng lc v chuyn mn

Hiu r rng v cng vic

Cng vic cho php pht huy kh nng c nhn.