Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang1

TM TT NI DUNG CC DNG BI TP CN NM.

Chng I: TNH TON V MNG NNG
Mun gii c cc bi ton v mng nng, trc ht ta phi di cc lc M, N, H v ti
trng tm mng, sau tu theo yu cu bi m c cc dng sau:
1. Bi ton I: Kim tra cng t nn di y mng (max R).
a. Xc nh max:
- Trng hp1:

e=

M
W b
=
=
N
F 6

min 0 max=
- Trng hp 2:

e=

( )

N M N 6.M
+
=
+
= ?. T 2 kg 2
m
cm
F W a.b a.b 2

M
W b
>=
=
N
F 6

min < 0 max=

2.N

3. b e .a
2

( m ) kg cm

= ?. T

Trong :

a l cnh ca mng vung gc vi trc cu (m)

b l cnh ca mng song song vi trc cu (m)
b. Xc nh R ca t nn bng t dnh hoc t ct:

R = 1,2.{R/.[1 + k1.(b - 2)]+ k2..(h - 3)}

kg

2
cm

Trong :
- R' la cng quy c cua t di ay mong (kg/cm2) tra bang 2-1 hoc bang 2-2.
- k1, k2 la h s tra bang 2-5
- la dung trong trung bnh cua t t ay mong tr ln:

. i . h i
(T/m3)
h i

- b la chiu rng hoc ng knh ay mong (m). (nu b > 6m, ly b = 6m)
- h la chiu su chn mong (m).
Chu y: Cng thc tnh R, n v khng thng nht trong cac ai lng.
2. Bi ton II: Kim tra cng lp t yu cch di y mng mt on z (Z RZ).
a. xc nh z:

( m ) kg cm

z = tb.(h + z) + .(p - tb.h) = ?. T

Trong o:
- tb la trong lng th tch (tnh trung bnh) cua
cac lp t trn mt tng t yu (T/m3).
- h la chiu su chn ay mong (m)
h
- z la khoang cach t ay mong n mt lp t z
yu (m)
- la h s tnh ng sut tm cua ay mong tra
bang 2-7 phu thuc vao

m=

Zi
b

; n=

a
.
b

- p la ng sut trung bnh ay mong p =

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

b
h
300

z
bz

S tnh cng
N
F

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

b. xac nh RZ:

Trang2

RZ= 1,2{R'[1+ k1.(bz- 2)]+ k2.tb.(hz- 3)} kg

cm 2

Trong o:
- R/; k1; k2; tb c xac nh nh trn a c trnh bay, cac ai lng trong cng thc
khng cung n v.
Chu y: bz= b + 2.z tg 300 nhng 6m
hZ = h + z (m)
3. Bai toan III.
a. Kim tra n nh lt:
iu kin:

Ml
0,7.(nendat)
M
=
m=
b
Mg
0,8.(nenda)
N.
2

b. Kim tra n nh trt:

iu kin:

Ttr
H
=
m = 0,8
Tg N.f

(f la h s ma sat tra bang 2-6)

4. Bai toan IV: Kim tra kha nng lun lch cua mong.
e0
=1

M
Trong o: e 0 = t.c la lch tm cua hp lc tiu chun:
N t.c

iu kin:

MT S BAI TP THAM KHAO

M = M / + N.0,3 = 420 + 800.0,3 = 660.(Tm )

a. iu kin cng :
- Xac nh max:
M ' 660
=
= 0,825.(m)
N 800
e > Vy min< 0.
b 4,5
= =
= 0,75.(m)
6
6
e=

ng sut ln nht di ay mong.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

0,3m

3,8m

Bai tp 1: Kim toan theo TTG H.I t nn di

ay mt mong tru cu, tit din ch nht kch
thc ab=104,5m. Cac tai trong tnh toan theo
t hp tai trong chnh, tac dung tai ay mong gm
N = 800 (T) M/ = 420 (Tm) H = 220 (T) (
hnh ve). Nn t gm: Lp trn cung day 3m la
set pha co 1 = 1,8 (T/m3) . Lp th 2 day 3,8m la
cat trung bnh trang thai cht va co 2 =
1,7(T/m3), m t. Lp di cung la cat ln cui soi.
Giai:
- Chuyn cac lc v trong tm ay mong: N = 800 (T),

4,5m

H=220(T)

H
A

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

max =

Trang3

( )

2.N
2.800
=
= 37,427 T 2 = 3,7427 kg 2
m
cm
b

4,5

0,825 .10
3. e .a 3
2

- Xac nh R cua t nn
+ Tr s trung bnh cua trong lng ring cua t t nhin nm trn ay mong:
=

1,8.3,0 + 1,7.0,8
= 1,779 (T 3 ) .
m
3,8

+ Cng quy c cua t di ay mong: Tra bang 2-2, ta co:

R ' = 3,0 kg 2
cm

+ t di ay mong la cat hat trung, tra bang 2-5 ta c k1= 0,1 m-1,
+ Cng tnh toan cua t ay mong:
R = 1,2.{R ' [1 + k 1 (b 2 )] + k 2 . .(h - 3)}
= 1,2.{3.[1 + 0,1.(4,5 2 )] + 0,3.1,779.(3,8 3)} = 5,012 kg 2
cm
- So sanh: max = 3,7427. kg 2 < R = 5,012 kg 2 .
cm
cm

Vy mong am bao iu kin cng .

b. iu kin chng lt:
- M men gy lt quanh mep mong A: M l = M = 660.(Tm )
- M men gi:

b
4,5
= 800.
= 1800.(Tm )
2
2
Ml
660
=
= 0,367 < m = 0,7 .
M g 1800

M g = N.

- Lp t s va so sanh:

Vy mong am bao iu kin chng lt.

c. iu kin chng trt:
- H s ma sat gia mong va nn (la t cat), tra bang 2-6 co f = 0,4
- Tng lc gy trt:
H = 220 (T)
- Tng lc chng trt:
T= N.f = 800.0,4 = 320 (T)
- Lp t s va so sanh:

H 220
=
= 0,6875 < m = 0,8
T 320

Vy mong am bao khng b trt.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

k2= 0,3.

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang4

4,5m

Bai tp 2. Kim toan theo iu kin cng cua

0,8m
t nn tai ay mong va lp t yu cua 1 mong m
cu tit din hnh ch nht vi kch thc ab =
9,45m. Tai trong tac dung tai ay mong (theo t
N
hp tai trong chnh) gm:
H
- T hp tnh toan: N = 1000 (T)
A
- T hp tiu chun: Ntc = 500 (T) Mtc = 420 (Tm)
5m
Nn gm: Lp trn cung day 5m la cat hat trung
bnh co 1= 1,75 (T/m3), ch tiu cht Ic= 0,6, cat
rt m. Lp th 2 la cat pha co chiu dai 4m. 2= 1,65(T/m3). Lp di cung la set co
st IL = 0,55 va = 0,6. Mong b lun lch qua quy nh khng?. Bit = 1.
Giai
- Chuyn cac lc v trong tm ay mong
N = 1000 (T)
M = N. e = 1000.0,8 = 800 (Tm)
a. iu kin cng tai ay mong:
- Xac nh max:
e = 0,8.(m)

e<
b 5
= = 0,833.(m)
6 6

ng sut ln nht di ay mong.

max =

Vy min> 0.

( )

N M 1000 6.800
+
=
+
= 41,7. T 2 4,17. kg 2
m
cm
F W 9,4.5 9,4.5 2

- Xac nh R:
+ t di ay mong la cat co Ic = 0,6. Tra bang 2-4 ta c cat trang thai cht va.
Cng quy c cua t di ay mong: Tra bang 2-2, ta co R ' = 2,5. kg

+ Tra bang 2-5 vi cat hat trung bnh k1 = 0,1 m-1

+ Cng tnh toan cua t di ay mong:
R = 1,2.{R ' [1 + k 1 (b 2 )] + k 2 . .(h - 3)}

.
cm 2

k2 = 0,3.

= 1,2.{2,5.[1 + 0,1.(5 2 )] + 0,3.1,75.(4,5 3)} = 4,845. kg 2

cm
- So sanh: max = 4,17. kg 2 < R = 4,845 kg 2
cm
cm

Vy mong am bao iu kin cng .

b. iu kin cng tai mt lp t yu: Lp t set co IL = 0,55 trang thai deo mm
nn co kha nng b pha hoai v vy phai kim tra:
- Xac nh Z:
+ Trong lng ring trung bnh cua t trang thai t nhin:
tb =

1 .5 + 2 .4 1,75.5 + 1,65.4
=
= 1,7056(T 3 )
m
5+4
5+4

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang5

( )

N 1000
=
= 21,277. T 2
m
F 9,4.5
a 9,4
z 5 + 4 4,5
+ Tra bang 2-7 vi n = =
= 1,88 va m = =
= 0,9 . Ni suy t bang 2-7 ta
b
5
b
5

+ ng sut trung bnh di ay mong:

co = 0,5273
ng sut trn mt lp t set:
z = tb .(h + z ) + .( .h ) = 1,7056. (4,5 + 4,5 ) + 0,5273. (21,277 1,75.4,5 )

( m ) = 2,252. kg cm

= 22,523. T

- Xac nh RZ:
+ Cng quy c cua lp set deo mm, co h s rng = 0,6. Tra bang 2-1, ni suy
ta co: R ' = 1,25. kg

cm 2

+ Set deo mm tra bang 2-5 co k1=0,02m-1 va k2=0,15

+
bz= b + 2.z. tg300= 5 + 2.4,5.0,557= 10,2 (m) va bz 6m nn chon bz= 6m
hz= 5+4 = 9,0 (m)
Cng chu tai cua t set deo:

R z = 1,2. R ' [1 + k 1 (b z 2 )] + k 2 . tb .(h z 3)

R z = 1,2.{1,25.[1 + 0,02.(6 2)] + 0,15.1,705 6.(9 3)} = 3,462. kg 2

cm
- So sanh: z = 2,252. kg 2 < R z = 3,462. kg 2 . Lp t set am bao iu kin cng
cm
cm

.
c. Kim tra lun lch cua mong.
- lch tm cua hp lc tiu chun tac dung ln ay mong. e 0 =
b 5
= = 0,83.(m )
6 6
e 0 0,84
=
= 1,012 > = 1 .
0,83

- Ban knh loi cua ay mong: =

- Lp t s va so sanh:

lun lch cua mong khng am bao.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

M tc 420
=
= 0,84.(m )
N tc 500

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang6

Bai tp 3. Mt m cu chu tac dung cac lc

tnh toan (nh hnh ve). Mong m tit din
hnh ch nht co kch thc ab = 95m. Nn
E
0
t gm: Lp trn cung la cat trung bnh
trang thai cht va co chiu dai 2,2m, 1=
1,8(T/m3). Lp th 2 la cat pha day 5m co = 4,5m
Ea
3
0,55 va IL = 0,12 2= 1,75 (T/m ). Lp th 3
la cat cui soi.
3m
Kim tra s chu lc cua t nn di ay
mong, kim tra n nh lt, kim tra s lun
lch cua mong. Bit:
5m
E0 = 38 (T) Ea = 70 (T) N =700 (T)
E0tc = 25 (T) Eatc = 50 (T) Ntc = 480 (T)
Giai
- Di cac lc v trong tm cua ay mong:
N = 700 (T),
H = E0 + Ea = 38+ 70 = 108 (T)
M = N.0,2 + E0.4,5+ Ea.3 = 700.0,2 + 38.4,5 + 70.3 = 521 (Tm)

0,2m

4m
N
H
A

M tc = N tc .0,2 + E 0tc .4,5 + E atc .3 = 480.0,2 + 25.4,5 + 50.3 = 358,5.(Tm)

N tc = 480.(T )

a. iu kin v cng :
- Xac nh max:
M 521
=
. = 0,7443(m)
N 700
e < Vy min> 0
b 5
= = = 0,833(m)
6 6
e=

ng sut ln nht di ay mong.

max =

( )

N M 700 6.521
+
=
+
= 29,45 T 2 = 2,945. kg 2
m
cm
F W 9.5 9.5 2

- Xac nh RZ:
+ Cng quy c t di ay mong(cat pha co = 0,55 va B = 0,12): Tra bang 2-1
ni suy c:

R ' = 2,775. kg 2
cm

+ Trong lng ring trung bnh cua t trn ay mong:

tb =

1,8.2,2 + 1,75.1,8
= 1,7775(T 3 )
m
2,2 + 1,8

+ Tra bang 2-3 t ay mong la cat pha trang thai deo. Tra bang 2-5, h s k1= 0,06m-1
va k2 = 0,2.
Cng tnh toan cua t ay mong

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang7

R = 1,2.{R ' [1 + k 1 (b 2 )] + k 2 . tb .(h - 3)}

= 1,2.{2,775.[1 + 0,06.(5 2 )] + 0,2.1,7775.(4 3)} = 4,356. kg 2
cm
- So sanh max = 2,945 kg 2 < R = 4,356 kg 2 .
cm
cm

Vy mong am bao iu kin cng .

b. Kim tra iu kin chng lt:
- M men lt:
Ml = M = 521 (Tm)
- M men chng lt.
- Lp t s va so sanh:

b
5
= 700. = 1750.(Tm )
2
2
Ml
521
=
= 0,298 < m = 0,7 .
M g 1750

M g = N.

Vy am bao iu kin chng lt.

c. Kim tra lun lch:

- Lp t s va so sanh:

M tc 358,5
=
= 0,747.(m)
480
N tc
e 0 0,747
=
= 0,897 < = 1 . Vy mong am bao.
0,833

e0 =

0,2m

4,5m

Bai tp 4. Mt m cu chu tac dung cac lc tnh

toan (nh hnh ve). Mong m tit din hnh ch nht
E0
co kch thc ab = 8,54m. Nn t gm: Lp trn
cung la cat trung bnh trang thai cht va co chiu
dai 2,8m, 1= 1,8(T/m3). Lp th 2 la cat pha day
Ea
3
5m co = 0,5 va IL = 0,12 2= 1,76 (T/m ). Lp th
3 la cat cui soi.
Kim tra s chu lc cua t nn di ay mong,
kim tra n nh lt, kim tra s lun lch cua mong.
Bit:
E0 = 32 (T) Ea = 65 (T) N = 680 (T)
E0tc = 19 (T) Eatc = 44 (T) Ntc = 430 (T)
Giai
- Di cac lc v trong tm cua ay mong:
N = 680 (T), H = E0 + Ea = 32+65 = 97 (T)
M = N.0,2 + E0.4,5+ Ea.3= 680.0,2 + 32.4,5 + 65.3 = 475 (Tm)
3m

M tc = N tc .0,2 + E 0tc .4,5 + E atc .3 = 430.0,2 + 19.4,5 + 44.3 = 303,5.(Tm)

N tc = 430.(T)

a. iu kin v cng :
- Xac nh max:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

4m

4m

- lch tm hp lc:

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang8

M 475
=
. = 0,6985(m)
N 680
e > Vy min< 0 ng sut ln nht di ay mong.
b 4
= = = 0,667(m)
6 6
2.N
2.680
max =
=
= 40,98 T 2 = 4,098 kg 2
m
b
4
cm

3. e .a 3 0,6985 .8,5
2

e=

( )

- Xac nh RZ:
+ Cng quy c t di ay mong (cat pha co = 0,5 va B = 0,12): Tra bang 2-1
ni suy c:

R ' = 2,9 kg 2
cm

+ Trong lng ring trung bnh cua t trn ay mong: tb =

1,8.2,8 + 1,76.1,2
= 1,788(T 3 )
m
2,8 + 1,2

+ Tra bang 2-3 t ay mong la cat pha trang thai deo. Tra bang 2-5, h s k1= 0,06 m-1
va k2 = 0,2.
Cng tnh toan cua t ay mong
R = 1,2.{R ' [1 + k 1 (b 2 )] + k 2 . tb .(h - 3)}

= 1,2.{2,9.[1 + 0,06.(4 2 )] + 0,2.1,788.(4 3)} = 4,327. kg 2

cm
- So sanh max = 4,098 kg 2 < R = 4,327 kg 2 .
cm
cm

Vy mong am bao iu kin cng .

b. Kim tra iu kin chng lt:
- M men lt:
Ml = M = 475 (Tm)
- M men gi.
- Lp t s va so sanh:

b
4
= 680. = 1360.(Tm )
2
2
Ml
475
=
= 0,349 < m = 0,7 .
M g 1360

M g = N.

Vy am bao iu kin chng lt.

c. Kim tra lun lch:
- lch tm hp lc:
- Lp t s va so sanh:
Vy mong khng am bao.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

M tc 303,5
=
= 0,706.(m)
N tc
430
e0 0,706
=
= 1,058 > = 1 .
0,667

e0 =

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang9

Chng II: TNH TON V KT CU CHNG VCH.

- Nu t h mong gm cac lp co , khac nhau nhng 20% th co th coi la t ng
1 2
nht co ngha:
.100% 20%
min = min{ 1 ; 2 }
min
1 2
.100% 20%
min

Th

= tb =

ihi
hi

min = min{ 1 ; 2 }

= tb =

i h i
hi

- Nu khac nhau > 20% th tnh ring cho tng lp.

1. Bai toan I: Kt cu chng vach bng van lat ngang.
A NA

B NB

PE=Pmax

h2

PD

C NC
D ND

h3

PC

h1
qBC
h2

PB

lv

qAB
h1

PA

lv

qv

lv

Ve c biu ap lc ngang cua t nn tac dung ln kt cu chng vach mt su z

bt ky so vi mt t t nhin.
PZ = q.a + na..a.z = ? (T/m2) = ? (kg/cm2)

Trong o:
a = tg2 (450 - ) la h s ap lc chu ng
2
na la h s tai trong cua t nn.
q la tai trong thng ng rai u tac dung trn kt cu chng vach.
a. Kim tra kha nng chu lc van lat ngang.
iu kin bn: =

tt
M max
6.Pmax .l 2v 6.Pmax .l 2v
=
=
Ru
Wv
10.b v . 2v
10. 2v

Chu y: Pmax la n v (kg/cm2)

b. Kim tra kha nng chu lc thanh p ng.
- Tnh toan lc rai u tng ng, phn b trn tng oan thanh p ng:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang10

PA + PB
.l v = ?. kg
cm
2
P + PC
= B
.l v = ?. kg
cm
2
P + PD
= C
.l v = ?. kg
cm
2

+ oan AB: q AB =
+ oan BC: q BC
+ oan CD: q CD

Chu y: lv la khoang cach gia 2 thanh g p ng (cm)

- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng. (hi c tnh bng n v cm)
q AB .h 12
= ? .(kg.cm)
10
q BC .h 22
=
= ? .(kg.cm )
10
q .h 2
= CD 3 = ? .(kg.cm)
10

+ oan AB: M AB =
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD}

iu kin bn.

u =

M max
Ru
W0

c. Kim tra kha nng chu lc thanh chng:

- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.
q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2
= ?.(kg )
2
q .h + q CD .h 3
N C = BC 2
= ?.(kg )
2

+ Thanh chng tai B: N B =

+ Thanh chng tai C:

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC}

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
0,25.d.(thanh chong hinh tron)
=
F
0.289.b.(thanh chong hinh vuong hoac chu nhat)
l
= 0
rmin

rmin =

- manh ln nht:

max

Khi
+ max 75 th = 1- 0,8. max
100
+ max > 75 th = 3100 2
max
N
iu kin bn: n = max R n
.F

2. Bai toan II: Kt cu chng vach bng coc van co 1 tng thanh chng
a. Kim tra n nh cua coc van:
- H s ap lc chu ng: = tg 2 45 0

b = tg 2 45 0 +
2

- H s ap lc b ng:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Trang11

qn = 0,167.PH.H

t/2

0,423.H

Mmax = 0,064.PH .H2

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

PH = na..H.a
Pa = na..(h+t).a

Pb = nb..t.b

- Ap lc chu ng:

Pa = n a .. a .(h + t ) = ?(T/m )

- Ap lc b ng:

Pb = n b .. b .t = ?(T/m )

Pa .(h + t )
= ?(T.m )
3
P .t
2
- M men do ap lc b ng: M b = b . h + .t = ?(T.m )
2
3
M
- iu kin n nh lt: a m = 0,8 .
Mb
2

- M men do ap lc chu ng: M a =

b. Kim tra kha nng lam vic coc van:

Xem coc van lam vic nh mt dm gian n, 1 u k tai v tr thanh chng u con lai
k trong t nn su t/2 di ay h mong. t H = h + t/2 su nay ap lc t
tac dung ln kt cu la: PH = n a .. a .H = ?(T/m 2 )
- M men un ln nht phat sinh trong coc van (tnh cho 1 n v chiu rng coc van)
M = 0,064.PH .H 2 = ?(T.m )
M
6.M
- iu kin bn:
u =
=
= ? T 2 = ? kg 2 R u .
m
cm
W b v . 2v

( )

Chu y: bv la b rng c ly bng 1m, v phai i sang n v (m)

c. Kim tra kha nng lam vic thanh p:
- Tai trong phn b u do ap lc t tac dung ln thanh p:

( m) = ? kg cm

q n = 0,167.PH .H = T

- M men phat sinh trong thanh p:

- iu kin bn:

u =

Mn = qn.

l 2n
= ?.(kg.cm )
10

Mn
Ru
Wn

d. Kim tra kha nng lam vic thanh chng

- Lc nen trong thanh chng:
Nc = qn.ln = ? (kg)

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

- iu kin bn:

n =

Trang12

Nc
Rn
.F

Chu y: H s un doc c xac nh nh trn.

MT S BAI TP THAM KHAO

h1=1,3m

Bai tp 5: Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh

B
g p ng cua kt cu chng vach h mong bng
van lat ngang (nh hnh ve). Chiu rng h mong
h2=1,1m
C
la 4,8m, van lat co tit din 620cm, g p ng
co tit din 1313cm. Thanh chng co tit din
h3=0,9m
tron vi ng knh 16cm. Cng chu un cua
D
2
2
g Ru= 145 (Kg/cm ), chu nen Rn= 120 (Kg/cm ).
0,2m
Nn t c xem la ng nht n ay h mong
co = 1,8 (T/m3) va = 280. Bit h s tai trong na=1.
Giai
- H s ap lc chu ng: a = tg 2 45 0 2 = tg 2 45 0 2 = 0,361

- Tnh ap lc t tac dung ln vach chng tai cac im c trng:

+ Tai A: PA= 0
+ Tai B: PB = PA+ na..h1.a = 1.1,8.1,3.0,361
= 0,845 (T/m2) = 0,0845 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai C: PC = PB + na..h2.a = 0,845 + 1.1,8.1,1.0,361= 1,56 (T/m2) = 0,156 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai D: PD = PC + na..h3.a = 1,56 + 1.1,8.0,9.0,361 = 2,14 (T/m2) = 0,214 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai E:

( m ) 0,2275. kg cm .

PE = Pmax = n a . h. a = 1.1,8.3,5.0,361 = 2,275. T

a. Tnh khoang cach g p ng (chnh la nhp tnh toan cua van lat)
T iu kin cng cua van:
lv

M ttmax
6.q v .l 2v
6.Pmax .l 2v
=
=
Ru
Wv
10.b v . 2v
10. 2v

10. 2v .R u
10.145
= 6.
= 195,6.(cm )
6.Pmax
6.0,2275

b. Tnh khoang cach g p ng t iu kin cng cua no:

- Tnh toan lc tng ng phn b trn tng oan g p ng:
PA + PB
0 + 0,0845
.l v =
.l v = 0,0423.l v kg
cm
2
2
P +P
0,0845 + 0,156
+ oan BC: q BC = B C .l v =
.l v = 0,12.l v kg
cm
2
2
P + PD
0,156 + 0,214
.l v =
l v = 0,185.l v kg
+ oan CD: q CD = C
cm
2
2

+ oan AB: q AB =

- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang13

q AB .h 12 0,0423.130 2.l v
=
= 71,49.l v
10
10
q .h 2 0,12.110 2 .l v
= BC 2 =
= 145,2.l v
10
10
q .h 2 0,185.90 2 .l v
= CD 3 =
= 149,85.l v
10
10

+ oan AB: M AB =
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD}= MCD= 149,85.lv

- T iu kin bn thanh p ng.

u =

M max
6.149,85.l v
Ru
145
W0
13.13 2

lv

145.133
= 354,3(cm )
6.149,85

c. Tnh khoang cach g p t iu kin thanh chng:

- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.
q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2 0,0423.130 + 0,12.110
=
.l v = 9,35.l v
2
2
q .h + q CD .h 3 0,12.110 + 0,185.90
N C = BC 2
=
.l v = 14,925l v
2
2

+ Thanh chng tai B: N B =

+ Thanh chng tai C:

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC} = NC = 14,925.lv

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4.(cm)
F
l
480
- manh ln nht:
max = 0 =
= 120 > 75
rmin
4
3100 3100
= 2 =
= 0,2153
- H s un doc:
max 120 2
N
4.14,925.l v
- T iu kin bn cua thanh chng:
n = max R n
120
.F
0,2153.3,14.16 2
120.0,2153.3,14.16 2
lv
= 347,9.(cm)
4.14,925
rmin =

Vy theo kt qua tnh c cho 3 iu kin trn ta chon khoang cach gia cac thanh
g p ng la lv=190 (cm).
Bai tp 6. Mt kt cu chng vach bng van lat
ngang co cu tao (nh hnh ve). Chiu rng h
mong bng 5m. Van lat co tit din 522cm,
2,4m
thanh chng tit din tron vi ng knh la
16cm. Cng tnh toan chu un cua g Ru=
150 (Kg/cm2), chu nen Rn= 120 (Kg/cm2).
Khoang cach gia cac thanh g p ng la 150
cm. Nn t gm 2 lp (n ay h mong). Lp
trn la cat pha co 1 = 1,8(T/m3), lp di la cat
co 2 = 1,6 (T/m3). Bit h s tai trong
na=1.
Ging Vin: Trn Vang

q=1 T/m2
A
1= 300
1= 1,8

h1=1,4m
B

C
2= 260
2= 1,6

h2=1,2m
h3=1m
0,2m

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang14

Kim toan van lat, thanh chng, chon kch thc g p ng vi tit din vung.
Giai
- Nn gm 2 lp, song no chnh nhau va la
1 2 30 0 26 0
1 1,8 1,6
=
= 15,4% va 2
=
= 12,5(%) .
0
2
1,6
2
26
Nn c tnh theo tr s trung bnh
.h + 2 .h 2 30.2,4 + 26.1,4
= 1 1
=
= 28 0 32 '
h1 + h 2
= 1,726.(T 3 )
m

2,4 + 1,4

- H s ap lc chu ng:
0
'
a = tg 2 45 0 = tg 2 . 45 0 28 32

1 .h 1 + 2 .h 2 1,8.2,4 + 1,6.1,4
=
h1 + h 2
2,4 + 1,4

) = 0,35353

- Tnh ap lc t tai cac im c trng.

+ Tai A: PA= q. a = 1.0,3535 = 0,3535 (T/m2) = 0,03535 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai B: PB = PA+ na..h1.a = 0,3535 + 1.1,726.1,4.0,3535 = 1,208 (T/m2) = 0,1208
(kg/cm2)
+ Tai C: PC = PB + na..h2.a = 1,208 + 1.1,726.1,2.0,3535 = 1,94 (T/m2) = 0,194 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai D: PD = PC + na..h3.a = 1,94 + 1.1,726.1,0.0,3535 = 2,55 (T/m2) = 0,255 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai E:
PE = Pmax = q. a + n a .. h. a = (1 + 1.1,726.3,8 ).0,35353 = 2,672(T

m2

) = 0,2672. kg 2
cm

a. Kim toan van lat:

- Kim tra iu kin bn cua van lat
u =

M max 6.Pmax .l 2v 6.0,2672.150 2

=
=
= 144,3. kg 2 < R u = 150. kg 2
2
2
cm
cm
Wv
10. v
10.5

Vy am bao c iu kin bn.

b. Chon kch thc g p ng:
- Tnh ap lc tng ng phn b u trn tng oan
PA + PB
0,03535 + 0,1208
.l v =
.150 = 17,711. kg
cm
2
2
P + PC
0,1208 + 0,194
= B
.l v =
.150 = 23,61. kg
cm
2
2
P + PD
0,194 + 0,255
= C
.l v =
.150 = 33,675. kg
cm
2
2

+ oan AB: q AB =
+ oan BC: q BC
+ oan CD: q CD

- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng.

+ oan AB: M AB
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

q AB .h 12 17,711.140 2
=
=
= 34713.(kg.cm )
10
10
q .h 2 23,61.120 2
= BC 2 =
= 33998,4.(kg.cm)
10
10
q .h 2 33,675.100 2
= CD 3 =
= 33675.(kg.cm )
10
10

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang15

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD}= MAB= 34713 (kg.cm)

- T iu kin bn: (kch thc tit din g p ng aa):
6.M max
a.a

Ru a3

6.M max
6.34713
a 3
= 11,16.(cm )
Ru
150

Vy chon a= 12 cm
c. Kim tra thanh chng:
- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.
+ Thanh chng tai B:
NB =

q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2
2

=
v

17,711.140 + 23,61.120
= 2656,4.(kg )
2

+ Thanh chng tai C:

NC =

q BC .h 2 + q CD .h 3 23,61.120 + 33,675.100
=
= 3100(kg )
2
2

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC}= NC = 3100 (kg)

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4.(cm)
F
l
500
- manh ln nht:
max = 0 =
= 125 > 75
rmin
4
3100 3100
- H s un doc:
= 2 =
= 0,1984
max 125 2
rmin =

- Kim tra iu kin bn:

n =

N max
4.3100
=
= 77,57. kg 2 < R n = 120. kg 2 .
cm
cm
.F 0,1984.3,14.16 2

Vy thanh chng am bao iu kin chu lc.

Bai tp 7. Kim tra iu kin chu lc cac
b phn cua 1 kt cu chng vach h mong
bng van lat ngang (nh hnh ve). Bit van co
chiu day 7cm, khoang cach g p ng la
1,6 m, tit din g p ng la 1414 cm,
thanh chng tron co ng knh 17 cm. H
mong rng 5,2m. Cng cua g: Chu un
Ru= 160 (Kg/cm2), chu nen Rn=120
(Kg/cm2). Bit h s tai trong na=1,2.
Giai
- H s ap lc chu ng cua t:
0
= tg 2 . 45 0 = tg 2 . 45 0 26
= 0,39
a

q=1,5 T/m2
A

= 260
= 1,8

B
C

h2=1,1m

h3=1m

h3=0,9m

)
2

- Tnh ap lc t tai cac im c trng.

+ Tai A:
PA= q. a = 1,5. 0,39 = 0,585 (T/m2) = 0,0585 (kg/cm2)

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

h1=1,2m

0,2m

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

+ Tai B:
+ Tai C:
+ Tai D:
+ Tai E:
+ Tai F:

Trang16

PB = PA+ na..h1.a = 1,596 (T/m2) = 0,1596 (kg/cm2)

PC = PB + na..h2.a = 2,523 (T/m2) = 0,2523 (kg/cm2)
PD = PC + na..h3.a = 3,365 (T/m2) = 0,3365 (kg/cm2)
PE= PD + na..h4.a = 4,123 (T/m2) = 0,4123 (kg/cm2)

PF= Pmax= q. a + n a .. h. a = (1,5 + 1,2.1,8.4,4 ).0,39 == 4,2916(T

) = 0,42916. kg 2
m
cm
2

a. Kim tra van lat:

- iu kin bn:
u =

M max
6.Pmax .l 2v 6.0,42916.160 2
==
=
= 134,53 kg 2 < R u = 160. kg 2
2
2
cm
cm
Wv
10. v
10.7

Van am bao chu lc.

b. Kim tra thanh p ng
- Tnh ap lc tng ng phn b u trn tng oan g p:
PA + PB
.l v
2
P + PC
= B
.l v
2
P + PD
= C
.l v
2
P + PE
= D
.l v
2

+ oan AB: q AB =
+ oan BC: q BC
+ oan CD: q CD
+ oan DE: q DE

0,0585 + 0,1596
.160 = 17,448. kg
cm
2
0,1596 + 0,2523
=
.160 = 32,96 kg
cm
2
0,2523 + 0,3365
.160 = 47,104. kg
=
cm
2
0,3365 + 0,4123
.160 = 59,904. kg
=
cm
2
=

- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng.

+ oan AB: M AB
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD
+ oan DE: M DE

q AB .h 12
=
10
q BC .h 22
=
10
q .h 2
= CD 3
10
q DE .h 24
=
10

17,448.120 2
= 25113,6.(kg.cm )
10
32,96.110 2
=
= 39881,6.(kg.cm)
10
47,104.100 2
=
= 47104.(kg.cm )
10
59,904.90 2
=
= 48522,2(kg.cm )
10
=

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD;MDE}= MDE = 48522,2 (kg.cm)

- iu kin bn g p:
u =

M max 6.48552,2
=
= 106,1 kg 2 R u = 160 kg 2 .
2
cm
cm
W
14.14

Vy am bao iu kin lam vic bnh thng.

c. Kim toan thanh chng:
- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.
+ Thanh chng tai B:
+ Thanh chng tai C:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2
= 2859,2.(kg )
2
q .h + q CD .h 3
N C = BC 2
= 4168.(kg )
2
NB =

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

+ Thanh chng tai D:

Trang17

ND =

q CD .h 3 + q DE .h 4
= 5050,1.(kg )
2

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC}= ND = 5050,1 (kg)

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.17 = 4,25.(cm)
F
l
520
- manh ln nht: max = 0 =
= 122,4 > 75
rmin 4,25
3100
3100
- H s un doc:
= 2 =
= 0,207
max 122,4 2
rmin =

- iu kin bn:
n =

N max
4.5050,1
=
= 107,5. kg 2 R n = 120. kg 2 .
cm
cm
.F 0,207.3,14.17 2

Vy thanh chng am bao iu kin chu lc.

Bai tp 8. Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh p ng cua 1 kt cu chng vach, bng
van lat ngang (nh hnh ve). Vi cac s liu cho nh sau:
- t trong pham vi chiu su h mong gm 2 lp:
+ Lp 1 co 1=1,7(T/m3) 1=250
A
+ Lp 2 co 2=2,1(T/m3) 2=260
- Van day 6cm, g p ng co tit din 12x14
1,4m =1,70
h1=1,4m
=25
cm. Thanh chng co ng knh 16cm. Chiu
B
rng h mong la 4,8m.
- G chng vach co Ru= 150 (kg/cm2); Rn= 120
h2=1,2m
=2,1
(kg/cm2). H s tai trong cua t nn na=1,0.
C
0
2,4m =26
Giai
h3=1,0m
- iu kin:
D
2 1 2,1 1,7
=
= 0.235 = 23,5% > 20% .
min1
1,7

Vy phai tnh cho tng lp t.

Mt khac co:
1 2 26 0 25 0
=
= 0,04 = 4(%) <20%.
min
25 0

0,2m
14

Vy cho phep tnh chung thanh 1 lp.

.h + 2 .h 2 25.1,4 + 26.2,4
= 1 1
=
= 25,63 = 25 0 38 '
h1 + h 2

1,4 + 2,4

- H s ap lc chu ng:
0
'
= tg 2 450 = tg 2 . 450 25 38
a

) = 0,4

- Tnh ap lc t tac dung ln vach chng tai cac im c trng:

+ Tai A: PA= 0
Ging Vin: Trn Vang

12

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang18

+ Tai B: PB = PA+ na.1.h1.a = 1.1,7.1,4.0,4 = 0,952 (T/m2) = 0,0952 (kg/cm2)

+ Tai C: PC = PB + na.2.h2.a = 0,952 + 1.2,1.1,2.0,4 = 1,96 (T/m2) = 0,196 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai D: PD = PC + na.2.h3.a = 1,96 + 1.2,1.1.0,4 = 2,8 (T/m2) = 0,28 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai E: PE= Pmax= PD + na.2.h..a = 2,8 +1.2,1.0,2.0,4 = 2,968 (T/m2) = 0,2968 (kg/cm2)
a. Xac nh khoang cach thanh p ng t diu kin chu lc cua van.
T iu kin cng ta co:
u =

M max 6.Pmax .l 2v
5.R u
5.150
=
R u lv v .
= 6.
= 174,14(cm)
2
Wv
3.Pmax
3.0,2968
10. v

b, Tnh khoang cach g p ng t iu kin cng cua no:

- Tnh toan lc tng ng phn b trn tng oan g p ng:
PA + PB
0 + 0,0952
.l v =
.l v = 0,0467.l v kg
cm
2
2
P + PC
0,0952 + 0,196
= B
.l v =
.l v = 0,1456.l v kg 2
cm
2
2
P + PD
0,196 + 0,28
= C
.l v =
.l v = 0,238.l v kg 2
cm
2
2

+ oan AB: q AB =
+ oan BC: q BC
+ oan CD: q CD

- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng.

q AB .h 12 0,0467.140 2.l v
=
= 93,3.l v
10
10
q .h 2 0,1456.120 2.l v
= BC 2 =
= 209,66.l v
10
10
q .h 2 0,238.100 2 .l v
= CD 3 =
= 238.l v
10
10

+ oan AB: M AB =
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD}= MCD= 238.lv

- T iu kin bn:

M max
6.238.l v
Ru
150
W
12.14 2
150.12.142
lv
= 247,06.(cm )
6.238
u =

c. Tnh khoang cach g p t iu kin thanh chng:

- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.
+ Thanh chng tai B:
NB =

q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2 0,0476.140 + 0,1456.120
=
.l v = 12,07.l v (kg)
2
2

+ Thanh chng tai C:

NC =

q BC .h 2 + q CD .h 3 0,1456.120 + 0,238.100
.l v = 20,64.l v (kg)
=
2
2

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC} = NC = 20,64.lv (kg)

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4.(cm)
F
l
480
= 0 =
= 120 > 75
rmin
4

rmin =

- manh ln nht:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

max

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang19

3100 3100
=
= 0,2153
2max 120 2
N
4.20,64.l v
- T iu kin bn:
n = max R n
120
.F
0,2153.3,14.16 2
120.0,2153.3,14.162
lv
= 251,6.(cm)
4.20,64

- H s un doc:

Vy theo kt qua tnh c cho 3 iu kin trn ta chon khoang cach gia cac thanh
g p ng la lv 174,14 (cm).
Bai tp 9: Cho mt kt cu chng vach h mong
bng van lat ngang nh hnh ve. t nn co =
1,7 (T/m3); =260. H s tai trong na=1,2. G
chng vach co Ru= 150 (kg/cm2); Rn= 130
(kg/cm2). Thanh chng co ng knh 16cm.
Chiu rng h mong 5,2 m.
Tnh chon chiu day van lat va kch thc tit din
thanh p ng hp ly, cho cac b phn kt cu
am bao chu lc c, (bit thanh p ng co tit
din vung).
Giai
- H s ap lc chu ng:
0
= tg 2 450 = tg 2 . 450 26
= 0,39
a

q= 0,9 T/m2
A

= 26
= 1,7

h1=1,3m
B
C
D

h2=1,1m
h3=0,9m
0,1m

- Tnh ap lc t tac dung ln vach chng tai cac im c trng:

+ Tai A: PA = q.a= 0,9.039 = 0,3514 (T/m2) = 0,03514 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai B: PB = PA+ na..h1.a= 0,3514 + 1,2.1,7.1,3.0,39 = 1,387 (T/m2) = 0,1387 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai C: PC = PB + na..h2.a = 1,387+ 1,2.1,7.1,1.0,39 = 2,263 (T/m2) = 0,2263 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai D: PD = PC + na..h3.a = 2,263 + 1,2.1,7.0,9.0,39 = 2,98 (T/m2) = 0,298 (kg/cm2)
+ Tai E: PE = Pmax= PD + na..a.0,1= 2,98 +1,2.1,8.0,39.0,1= 3,06 (T/m2)= 0,306 (kg/cm2)
a. Xac nh khoang cach cac thanh p ng t iu kin chu lc cua thanh chng:
- Tnh toan lc tng ng phn b trn tng oan g p ng:
PA + PB
0,03514 + 0,1387
.l v =
.l v = 0,087.l v kg
cm
2
2
P + PC
0,1387 + 0,2263
= B
.l v =
.l v = 0,1825.l v kg
cm
2
2
P + PD
0,2263 + 0,298
= C
.l v =
.l v = 0,2622..l v kg
cm
2
2

+ oan AB: q AB =
+ oan BC: q BC
+ oan CD: q CD

- Lc nen trong cac thanh chng.

+ Thanh chng tai B:
NB =

q AB .h 1 + q BC .h 2 0,087.130 + 0,1825.110
=
.l v = 15,69.l v (kg)
2
2

+ Thanh chng tai C:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

NC =

Trang20

q BC .h 2 + q CD .h 3 0,1825.110 + 0,2622.90
=
.l v = 21,84.l v (kg)
2
2

- Lc nen ln nht: Nmax= max {NB, NC} = NC = 21,84.lv (kg)

- Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4.(cm)
F
l
520
max = 0 =
= 130 > 75
rmin
4
3100 3100
= 2 =
= 0,1834
max 130 2
N
4.21,84.l v
n = max R n
130
.F
0,1834.3,14.16 2
130.0,1834.3,14.162
lv
= 219,4.(cm)
4.21,84
rmin =

- manh ln nht:
- H s un doc:
- T iu kin bn:

Vy ta chon khoang cach gia cac thanh g p ng la lv= 215 (cm).

b. Tnh chon chiu day cua van lat:
- T iu kin cng ta co:
u =

M max 6.Pmax .l 2v
3.Pmax
3.0,306
=
R u v lv .
= 215.
= 7,52.(cm)
2
Wv
5.R u
5.150
10. v

Chon van co chiu day v= 8cm

c. Tnh chon kch thc tit din thanh g p ng:
- M men un ln nht trn tng oan g p ng.
q AB .h 12 0,087.215.130 2
=
= 31611(kg.cm )
10
10
q .h 2 0,1825.215.110 2
= BC 2 =
= 47477(kg.cm)
10
10
q CD .h 32 0,2622.215.90 2
=
=
= 45622(kg.cm )
10
10

+ oan AB: M AB =
+ oan BC: M BC
+ oan CD: M CD

Chon Mmax= max {MAB; MBC; MCD}= MBC = 47477 (kg.cm)

- T iu kin cng :
M max 6.M max
=
Ru
W
a3
.
6.M max
6.47477
3
a 3
=
= 12,38.(cm )
Ru
150

u =

Chon a = 13cm

15
13

=300
h = 4,0m
=1,75

Bai tp 10: Dung coc van g chng vach (nh hnh ve).
t nn xem la ng nht co = 1,75 (T/m3) = 300.
t = 2,4m
- Kim tra s n nh cua coc van.
- Chon chiu day coc van.
- Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh chng bit thanh

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang21

p ngang co tit din 1315 cm va thanh g chng co ng knh 16 cm, chiu rng h
mong la 4,5 m. G co Ru= 150 (Kg/cm2), Rn= 100 (Kg/cm2). Bit h s an toan na = 1,1;
nb = 0,9.
Giai
a. Kim tra n nh cua coc van:
0
- H s ap lc chu ng: = tg 2 45 0 = tg 2 45 0 30
= 0,333

(
(

)
)

- H s ap lc b ng:

2
2

0
b = tg 2 45 0 + = tg 2 45 0 + 30
= 3,00
2
2

- Ap lc chu ng:

Pa = n a .. a .(h + t ) = 1,1.1,75.0,333.(4,0 + 2,4 ) = 4,103.(T/m )

- Ap lc b ng:

Pb = n b .. b .t = 0,9.1,75.3,0.2,4 = 11,34.(T/m )

2
Pa .(h + t )
4,103.(4,0 + 2,4 )
=
= 56,014.(T.m )
3
3
P .t
2 11,34.2,4
2

- M men do ap lc b ng: M b = b . h + .t =
. 4,0 + .2,4 = 76,205.(T.m )
2
3
2
3

M a 56,014
- iu kin n nh lt:
=
= 0,735 < m = 0,8 .
M b 76,205
2

- M men do ap lc chu ng: M a =

am bao iu kin n nh lt.

b. Chon chiu day coc van:
Xem coc van lam vic nh mt dm gian n, 1 u k tai v tr thanh chng u con lai
k trong t nn su t/2 di ay h mong. t H = h + t/2 = 4,0+ 2,4/2 = 5,2(m)
su nay ap lc t tac dung ln kt cu la:

PH = n a .. a .H = 1,1.1,75.0,333.5,2 = 3,333. T/m 2

- M men un ln nht phat sinh trong coc van (tnh cho 1 n v chiu rng coc van)
M = 0,064.PH .H 2 = 0,064.3,333.5,2 2 = 5,768.(T.m )

- Chiu day cn thit cua coc van:

u =

M 6.5,768
6.5,768
6.5,768
=
R u v
=
= 0,152.(m ) = 15,2.(cm ) .
2
W
R u .b v
1500.1
b v . v

Chon van day v= 16 cm.

c. Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh chng:
*. Tnh theo kha nng chu lc cua thanh p ngang.
- Tai trong phn b u do ap lc t tac dung ln thanh p:

( m ) = 28,94. kg cm

q n = 0,167.PH .H = 0,167.3,333.5,2 = 2,894. T

- M men phat sinh trong thanh p:

Mn = qn.

l 2n
l2
= 28,94. n = 2,894.l 2n .(kg.cm )
10
10

- Khoang cach gia cac thanh chng (chnh la khu cua thanh p)
T iu kin bn:

u =

M n 6.2,894.l 2n
150.13.15 2
=

R
=
150

= 159.(cm )
u
n
Wn
6.2,894
13.15 2

* Tnh theo s chu lc cua thanh chng:

- Lc nen trong thanh chng:
Nc = qn.ln = 28,94.ln (kg)
Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang22

-Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:

J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4.(cm)
F
l
450
- manh ln nht: max = 0 =
= 112,5 > 75
rmin
4
3100
3100
- H s un doc:
= 2 =
= 0,245
max 112,5 2
rmin =

- Khoang cach cua thanh chng xac nh t iu kin cng chnh no.
n =

Nc
4.28,94.l n
=
R n = 100. kg 2 l n 170,1.(cm )
2
cm
.F 0,245.3,14.16

Chon khoang cach gia cac thanh chng ln=159 cm

14x14

t =2,2m

h= 4,5m

Bai tp 11. Cho mt kt cu chng vach h mong bng coc

van g nh hnh ve. G chng vach co Ru= 150 (kg/cm2);
Rn= 120 (kg/cm2). t nn h mong co = 1,7 (T/m3);
=1,7
=300. H s tai trong cua t nn na = nb = 1,0.
=300
- Kim tra s n nh cua h thng coc van.
- Xac nh b day cn thit cua coc van.
- Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh chng. Bit b rng
h mong la 4,5 m, thanh p ngang tit din 14x14cm va
thanh chng co ng knh la 16cm.
Giai
a. Kim tra n nh cua coc van (tnh cho 1 n v chiu rng):
0
- H s ap lc chu ng: a = tg 2 45 0 2 = tg 2 45 0 30 2 = 0,333

(
(

)
)

- H s ap lc b ng:

2
0
= tg 2 45 0 + 30 0 = 3,00
b = tg 45 +
2
2

- Ap lc chu ng:

Pa = n a .. a .(h + t ) = 1.1,7.0,333.(4,5 + 2,2 ) = 3,793.(T/m )

- Ap lc b ng:

Pb = n b .. b .t = 1.1,7.3,0.2,2 = 11,22.(T/m )

2
P .(h + t )
3,793.(4,5 + 2,2 )
- M men do ap lc chu ng: M a = a
=
= 56,76.(T.m )
3
3
P .t
2 11,22.2,2
2

- M men do ap lc b ng: M b = b . h + .t =
. 4,5 + .2,2 = 73,64.(T.m )
2
3
2
3

M
56,76
- iu kin n nh lt: a =
= 0,771 < m = 0,8 .
M b 73,64
2

am bao iu kin n nh lt.

b. Chon chiu day coc van:
Xem coc van lam vic nh mt dm gian n, 1 u k tai v tr thanh chng u con lai
k trong t nn su t/2 di ay h mong. t H = h + t/2 = 4,5+ 2,2/2 = 5,6(m)
su nay ap lc t tac dung ln kt cu la:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang23

PH = n a .. a .H = 1.1,7.0,333.5,6 = 3,17. T/m 2

- M men un ln nht phat sinh trong coc van (tnh cho 1 n v chiu rng coc van)
M = 0,064.PH .H 2 = 0,064.3,17.5,6 2 = 6,362(T.m )

- Chiu day cn thit cua coc van:

u =

M 6.6,362
6.6,362
6.6,362
=
R u v
=
= 0,1595.(m ) = 15,95.(cm ) .
2
W
R u .b v
1500.1
b v . v

Chon van day v= 16 cm.

c. Xac nh khoang cach gia cac thanh chng:
*. Tnh theo kha nng chu lc cua thanh p ngang.
- Tai trong phn b u do ap lc t tac dung ln thanh p:

( m) = 29,65. kg cm

q n = 0,167.PH .H = 0,167.3,17.5,6 = 2,965. T

- M men phat sinh trong thanh p:

Mn = qn.

l 2n
l2
= 29,65. n = 2,965.l 2n .(kg.cm )
10
10

- Khoang cach gia cac thanh chng (chnh la khu cua thanh p)
T iu kin bn:

M n 6.2,965.l 2n
150.14 3
u =
=

R
=
150

= 152,1.(cm )
u
n
Wn
6.2,965
14 3

* Tnh theo s chu lc cua thanh chng:

- Lc nen trong thanh chng:
Nc = qn.ln = 29,65.ln (kg)
-Ban knh quan tnh cua thanh chng:
J min
= 0,25.d = 0,25.16 = 4(cm)
F
l
450
- manh ln nht: max = 0 =
= 112,5 > 75
rmin
4
3100
3100
- H s un doc:
= 2 =
= 0,245
max 112,52
rmin =

- Khoang cach cua thanh chng xac nh t iu kin cng chnh no.
n =

Nc
4.29,65.l n
=
R n = 120. kg 2 l n 199,3.(cm )
cm
.F 0,245.3,14.16 2

Chon khoang cach gia cac thanh chng ln= 150 cm

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang24

Chng III: TNH TOAN V MONG COC

Bai tp 12: Mt mong coc b thp cua 1 tru cu chu tai trong tnh toan N = 1170 (T)
My= 130 (Tm)
Hx = 100 (T). ay mong co kch thc 73m, coc b tng ct thep
co tit din 3030 cm, ong su 12 m (tnh t ay h mong), mong ch gm coc ong
thng ng. Nn t gm: Trn cung la lp cat hat trung bnh day 5 m co 1= 1,7 (T/m3),
1= 280. Lp th 2 la lp set pha co st IL = 0,25 co 2 = 1,65 (T/m3), 2 = 300, chiu
dai 6 m, di cung la cat hat nho 3= 1,8 (T/m3). Hay:
- Xac nh chiu su chn mong.
- Xac nh sc chu tai tnh toan cua coc.
- Tnh s lng coc cn b tr trong mong, bit h s phn b ng sut khng u =
1,2.
- B tr coc theo 2 phng va kim tra s chu lc cua coc theo t nn. Bit BTCT= 2600
(Kg/m3).
Giai
a. Xac nh chiu su chn mong.

0
2.H x
2.100
h m 0,7.tg 45 0
= 0,7.tg 45 0 28 .
= 1,724.(m ) .
2 a.
2 7.1,7

Chon hm= 1,8 (m).

b. Xac nh sc chu tai cua coc theo t nn.
- Tra bang 3-3 va ni suy xac nh c lc ma sat n v tiu chun
+ Lp 1:
f1tc = 50. KN 2 . su trung bnh h1= 3,4m

m
= 52,835. KN

+ Lp 2:

f 2tc

+ Lp 3:

f 3tc = 48,4. KN

m2

m2

). su trung bnh h = 8m
2

). su trung bnh h =12,4m

1

- Tra bang 3-4, ni suy xac nh c sc khang tiu chun cua t di mui coc:

R tc = 2704. KN

m2

- Sc chu tai tnh toan cua coc:

Ptt = k 1 .m 2 . U. i .f itc .l i + F.R tc

= 0,7.1.[4.0,3.(50.3,2 + 52,835.6 + 48,4.2,8) + 0,09.2704] = 684,9.(KN ) = 68.49.(T )

c. S lng coc b tr trong mong.

3m

N
1170
= 1,2.
= 20,5 . Chon k = 21 coc
Ptt
68,49

d B tr coc theo 2 phng, kim tra s chu lc cua coc

- B tr:
+ Theo phng canh a gm 7 coc cach khoang 1m, tim coc
n mep b la 0,5m (ka=7)
+ Theo phng canh b gm 3 coc cach khoang 1,0m, tim
coc n mep b la 0,5m (kb=3)
- Ni lc doc truc trong coc do tai trong ngoai gy ra:

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

7m

k .

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Nn =
=

Trang25

N M y .x max
+
k k a . x i2

1170 130.1
+
= 65.(T)
21
7. 2.12

- Trong lng ban thn coc:

N = BTCT .F.l c = 2600.0,09.12 = 2808.(kg ) = 2,81.(T )

- Tng lc nen trong coc:

Nmax= Nn+ N = 65+ 2,81= 67,81 (T)
- So sanh: Nmax= 67,81 < Ptt= 68,49 (T).
Vy coc am bao chu lc theo iu kin t nn
- Kim toan coc khi chu lc ngang Hx:
Tra bang 3-6 ta c Ptc= 60 (KN) = 6 (T). Tra bang 3-1 ta c m2 = 1
Lp t s va so sanh: A =

Hx
100
=
= 0,794 < m 2 = 1 .
k.P + Tx 21.6
tc

+ Lp 2:

f 2tc

+ Lp 3:

f 3tc

m
= 57,8 KN 2 . su trung bnh h2= 5,9m
m
= 29,95. KN 2 . su trung bnh h1= 9,9m
m

m2

- Sc chu tai tnh toan cua coc:

Ptt = k 1 .m 2 .(U. i .f itc .l i + F.R tc )

= 0,7.1. 4.0,35.(31.2,0 + 57,8.5,4 + 29,95.2,6 ) + 0,352.2010

= 615,3.(KN ) = 61,53.(T )

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

3,2m
2,6m

0,5m

I
0,5 1,7 1,3 0,5m

- Tra bang 3-4, ni suy xac nh c sc khang tiu chun cua t di mui coc:
R tc = 2010. KN

Hx

5,4m

My

1x7m

0,5m

Bai tp 13: Cho 1 mong m cu b thp co kch thc tit din

ay b coc la 84m, chu tai trong t tai tm ay b mong gm:
N = 810 (T) Mx= 460 (Tm) Hx=130(T). Mong c chn
su 1,2 m so vi mt t. t nn gm cac lp: Trn la cat pha
hat nho day 3,2m co 2= 1,68 (T/m3). Lp th 2 la cat hat trung
day 5,4 m co 1= 1,75 (T/m3), 1= 300. Lp di cung la set pha
trang thai deo co ch s st la IL = 0,45 ; 3= 1,8 (T/m3)
Coc b tr trong mong (nh hnh ve). Kim toan sc chu tai cua
coc theo t nn, do lc doc truc cua coc va lc ngang truc coc
gy nn. Bit coc co tit din 3535 cm. BTCT= 2600 (Kg/m3).
Giai
a. Xac nh sc chu tai cua coc theo t nn.
- Tra bang 3-3 va ni suy xac nh c lc ma sat n v tiu
chun:
+ Lp 1:
f1tc = 31. KN 2 . su trung bnh h1= 2,2 m

1,2m

Vy mong am bao chu lc ngang.

Bi tp tham kho mn Nn mng

Trang26

b. Tnh ni lc doc truc ln nht phat sinh trong coc.

- xac nh trong tm am coc (Khoang cach t trong tm n hang coc I-I nh hnh ve)
x0 =

S I x i 1,3 + 3
=
=
= 1,43.(m )
F
kb
3

- Di lc v trong tm am coc ta c:
N 0 = N = 810.(T )

M 0 = M y N 1,43 = 460 810. 1,43 = 403,3.(Tm )

2
2

- Ni lc doc truc trong coc do tai trong ngoai.

Nn =

N0
M 0 .x 0i
810
403,3.1,43
+
=
+
= 49,68.(T )
2
2
k
24
k a . x oi
8.(1,43 + 0,13 2 + 1,57 2 )

c. Kim toan coc:

- Do trong lng ban thn:

N = BTCT .F.lc = 2600.0,352.10 = 3185(kg ) = 3,185.(T )

- Tng lc nen trong coc: Nmax= Nn+ N = 49,68 + 3,185 = 52,865 (T)
- So sanh: Nmax=52,865 < Ptt= 61,53. Vy coc am bao chu lc theo iu kin t nn
- Kim toan coc khi chu lc ngang Hx:
Tra bang 3-6 ta c Ptc= 25 (KN) = 2,5 (T). Tra bang 3-1 ta c m2 = 1
- Lp t s va so sanh: A =
bao chu lc ngang.

Ging Vin: Trn Vang

Hx
130
=
= 2,17 > m 2 = 1 . Vy mong khng am
k.P + Tx 24.2,5
tc