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TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

B mn My v Thit b Cng nghip Ha cht
C KH NG DNG
Khi lng 3(3-1-0-6)
M hc phn: CH3456
NI DUNG MN HC
BI M U
CHNG 1: VT LIU V C TNH CA VT LIU
CHNG 2: C HC VT LIU
CHNG 3: GIA CNG C KH
CHNG 4: NGUYN L MY
CHNG 5: CHI TIT MY
CHNG 6: THIT B V MNG
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BI M U
A. Gii thiu v c kh ng dng trong CN ha cht.
B. Cc c th ca c kh ha cht
C. Cc khi nim v chung my mc va chi tit c khi
D. Qu trnh sn xut c khi
E. chnh xc gia cng
A1. MC TIU V NI DUNG MN HC
Mc tiu hc phn v kt qu mong i
Kt thc hc phn sinh vin c c cc khi nim c bn v vt
liu, gia cng c kh, chi tit c kh, dn ng c kh v thit b chu
p lc c th t tm hiu c nguyn l hot ng v kh nng
ch to cc loi my mc, thit b dng trong cng ngh ha hc.
Ni dung vn tt hc phn
Cung cp cc kin thc c bn v vt liu c kh, c tnh v kh
nng ng dng trong c th ca ngnh ha cht; nguyn l chuyn
ng ca cc c cu, cc chi tit c kh in hnh, nguyn l ca cc
phng php gia cng c kh, nguyn l truyn ng c kh, kt cu
v qui trnh ch to, th nghim ca thit b v mng chu p sut
cao.
A. GII THIU V C KH NG DNG TRONG CNHC
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Cc vt liu
ch to xe?
Nguyn ly
truyn ng?
Xe cu to t
chi tit no?
Cc chi tit lp
ghp nh th no?
Cc chi tit c ch
to nh th no?
Cc chi tit c lp ln
c khng?
b ca xe va
cc chi tit?
A2. C KH V C KH TRONG CNG NGHIP HO HC
C KH TRONG CC NH MY HO CHT
Bn b
cha?
Cc thit b
cng ngh?
Bm, my
nn, qut?
ng ng
cng ngh?
Cc thit b gia
cng ch bin?
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A3. TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Hong Tng, Nguyn Tin o, Nguyn thc H,
C kh i cng, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006
2. Nguyn Trng Hip,
Chi tit my, Tp 1 & 2, NXB Gio dc, 2006
3. Trnh Cht, L Vn Uyn,
Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh, NXB Gio dc, 2006
4. Nghim Hng,
Vt liu hc c s, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2007
5. L Quang Minh, Nguyn Vn Vng,
Sc bn vt liu, Tp 1, 2 & 3, NXB Gio dc, 1999
6. inh Gia Tng, T Khnh Lm,
Nguyn L My, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006
1. Cc my v thit b ha cht thng lm vic trong
nhng iu kin c bit v p sut v nhit . T
chn khng tuyt i cho n p sut cao hng ngn
atmosphere, v nhit t gn im khng tuyt i n
hng ngn .
2. Lm vic vi cc cht c tnh mi mn, hoc n mn
ha hc v n mn in ha cc k mnh. V vy cc thit
b phi c thit k vi kt cu ph hp, c ch to t
cc vt liu c bit hoc c cc bin php chng n mn
v mi mn.
B. CC C IM C BN CA TB HA CHT
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3. Cc ha cht thng c tnh c v tnh chy n cao, v
vy c cc i hi nghim ngt v thit k, ch to v vn
hnh m bo an ton v phng chng nhim mi
trng.
4. Cc thit b thng nm trong dy truyn sn xut hot
ng lin tc, vic ngng hot ng ca mt thit b dn
n nhng tc hi to ln cho qu trnh sn xut v cc
thit b khc trong dy truyn.
5. Cc thit b trong cng nghip hoa cht rt a dng v
chng loi va nguyn ly lm vic.
6. Nhiu thit b c kch thc siu trng siu trng, nn
vic thit k phi tnh n phng n gia cng, vn
chuyn v lp t ph hp.
SIU TRNG SIU TRNG
Mt thp cng ngh ca NM Dung Qut
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TNH A DNG CA THIT B HO CHT
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TNH A DNG CA THIT B HO CHT
TNH A DNG CA THIT B HO CHT
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C1. PHN BIT MY V THIT B
My (machinery) c cc c cu chuyn ng
Thit b (equipment) khng c c cu chuyn ng
Hai thut ng ny khng c ranh gii c th m an xen vo
nhau.
V d my p, my bm, my nghin, my khuy trn, my
sng... thit b phn ng, thit b chng ct, thit b trch ly,
thit b c c....
C. CC KHI NIM CHUNG TRONG SX C KH
C2. CHI TIT MY
y l n v nh nht v hon chnh ca my, c trng
ca n l khng th tch ra c v t mi yu cu k
thut. V d: bnh rng, trc xe p, bulng, ai c...
C th xp cc chi tit my thnh hai nhm:
- Chi tit my c cng dng chung: l cc chi tit my dng
c trong nhiu my khc nhau.V d: bulng, bnh rng,
trc...
- Chi tit my c cng dng ring: l cc chi tit my ch
c dng trong mt s my nht nh. V d: trc khuu,
trc cam, van...
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C2. CHI TIT MY
C3. B PHN MY
y l mt phn ca my, bao gm hai hay nhiu chi tit my
c lin kt vi nhau theo nhng nguyn l my nht nh c
th l lin kt ng hay lin kt c nh. V d: moay trc,
moay sau ca xe p, hp gim tc...
C rt nhiu loi my khc nhau v tnh nng, hnh dng, kch
thc... Tuy nhin bt k my no cng u cu to bi nhiu
b phn my. V d: my tin gm cc b phn my nh bn
my, ng, ng, hp tc , bn dao...
C4. C CU MY
y l mt phn ca my hoc ca b phn my c chc nng
nht nh trong my. V d: a, xch, lp ca xe p to thnh
c cu chuyn ng xch trong xe p.
Mt c cu c th l mt b phn my, nhng cc chi tit trong
mt c cu c th nm nhiu b phn my khc nhau.
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C3. B PHN MY
C4. C CU MY
C5. PHI
l mt t k thut c tnh cht quy c dng ch mt
vt phm c to ra t mt qu trnh sn xut ny chuyn
sang mt qu trnh sn xut khc.
V d: kt thc qu trnh c, ta nhn c mt vt c c
hnh dng, kch thc theo yu cu, nhng vt c ny c
th l:
- Sn phm ca qu trnh c.
- Chi tit c, nu nh khng cn gia cng g thm.
- Phi c, nu vt c phi qua gia cng ct gt nh tin,
phay, bo... Nh vy trong trng hp ny, sn phm ca
qu trnh c c gi l phi c.
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C5. PHI
D1. THIT K K THUT
Thng qua cc kin thc v khoa hc va cng ngh, hin
thc hoa tng thnh h thng cc bn ve (bn ve h
thng, bn ve lp thit b, bn ve bc tch cm chi tit, bn
ve chi tit) km theo h s thit k (thuyt minh, yu cu ky
thut, yu cu th nghim)
D. QU TRNH SN XUT C KH
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BN V LP
BN V TCH CM CHI TIT
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BN V TCH CHI TIT
D2. THIT K QUI TRNH GIA CNG
Trn c s bn ve ch to chi tit va kha nng thit b gia
cng sn c, ky s c khi thit k qui trnh cng ngh gia
cng gm cc nguyn cng, bc, ng tc no, theo th t
no.
- Qui trnh gia cng s gm nhiu nguyn cng (v d nguyn
cng c, nguyn cng tin, nguyn cng phay.).
- Mi nguyn cng s gm nhiu bc
- Mi bc s gm nhiu ng tc.
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D3. QUI TRNH SN XUT
Trn c s thit k qui trnh gia cng, cng nhn s thc hin
cc nguyn cng, cc bc gia cng, va ng tc trn cc
my cng c bin phi ban u thnh sn phm hon
chnh. Cc dng sn xut bao gm:
- Sn xut n chic
- Sn xut hng khi (theo m)
- Sn xut hng lot
Tuy theo s lng va yu cu, c th c gii hoa va t ng
hoa qu trnh sn
chnh xc gia cng ca chi tit l c tnh c bn ca
ngnh ch to my nhm p ng yu cu ca my mc l
cn chnh xc chu c ti trng ln, tc cao, p
lc v nhit ln ...
chnh xc gia cng l mc t c chnh xc thit
k ra khi gia cng chi tit. chnh xc gia cng c
biu th bng:
- Sai lch v kch thc (Dung sai)
- Sai lch v hnh dng hoc sai lch v v tr tng quan.
- chnh xc ca hnh dng hnh hc t vi
(Cht lng b mt)
E. CHNH XC GIA CNG
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E1. DUNG SAI LP GHP
Cc chi tit cng loi phi c kh nng thay th nhau. V d:
- Cc ai c cng c ren phi vn c vi bulng cng c.
- Nhng vng bi cng s hiu phi lp va vo trc vo ca
my nht nh.
iu c ngha rng cc chi tit cng loi mun thay th
c cn t hai yu cu sau (Tnh lp ln):
+ Khi thay th cho nhau khng cn la chn m ly mt chi
tit bt k trong cc chi tit cng loi.
+ Khi thay th khng cn sa cha hoc gia cng g thm.
m bo yu cu lm vic, kch thc ca chi tit phi
nm gia hai kch thc gii hn cho php, hiu hai kch
thc ny l dung sai: = D
max
- D
min
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Dung sai c tr s ph
thuc vo kch thc danh
ngha, cp chnh xc v
c k hiu bng cc
ch s. TCVN quy nh 19
cp chnh xc theo th t
chnh xc gim dn: 01,
0, 1, 2,..., 17.
Min dung sai theo TCVN
v ISO c k hiu bi
mt ch (k hiu sai lch
c bn v mt s (k hiu
dung sai). V d: i vi l
H7, H11, D6... cn i vi
trc g6, f5, e6.....
E2. CHNH XC GIA CNG
chnh xc gia cng khng ch c nh gia thng qua sai
lch v kch thc (dung sai) m cn nh gia thng qua cc
dng sai lch hnh dng sau:
* Sai lch hnh dng hnh hc l s sai lch v hnh dng
thc ca chi tit gia cng so vi hnh dng chi tit thit k. V
d: phng, cn, van.
* Sai lch v v tr tng quan gia cc yu t hnh hc ca
chi tit. V d: khng song song gia cc ng tm ca
cc b mt hnh tr, khng vung gc gia mt u v
ng tm, v.v...
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chnh xc gia cng khng ch c nh gia thng qua sai
lch v kch thc (dung sai) m cn nh gia thng qua cc
dng sai lch hnh dng sau:
* Sai lch hnh dng hnh hc l s sai lch v hnh dng
thc ca chi tit gia cng so vi hnh dng chi tit thit k. V
d: phng, cn, van.
* Sai lch v v tr tng quan gia cc yu t hnh hc ca
chi tit. V d: khng song song gia cc ng tm ca
cc b mt hnh tr, khng vung gc gia mt u v
ng tm, v.v...
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19
E3. CHT LNG B MT
* Chiu di chun L l chiu di phn b mt c chn
nh gia nhp nh b mt.
* ng trung bnh ca profin l ng chia profin o
c sao cho tng bnh phng khong cch t cc im
ca profin n ng o (y1, y2,..., yn) l nh nht trong gii
hn chiu di chun. ng trung bnh ca profin c
dng lm chun xc nh cc tr s ca nhp nh b mt.
* Sai lch trung bnh s hc R
a
l ch s trung bnh cc khong
cch t nhng im ca prfin n ng trung bnh ca n trong
gii hn chiu di chun.
hoc tnh gn ng:
* Chiu cao nhp nh trung bnh R
z
l tr s trung bnh ca nhng
khong cch t 5 nh cao nht n 5 y thp nht ca prfin o
c trong gii hn chiu di chun.
Trong h
1
, h
3
,..., h
9
v h
2
, h
4
,..., h
10
l khong cch t cc nh cao
nht v cc y thp nht ca prfin n mt ng bt k song
song vi ng trung bnh.
5
) ... ( ) ... (
10 4 2 9 3 1
h h h h h h
R
z

n
i
i a
y
n
R
1
1
dx y
L
R
L
a

0
1
20
21