Abstract: The definition of BER compensative power

(P
BER
) was given by [1] to satisfy BER on demand.
However, the results were calculated approximately with
thermal noise (for PIN receivers) and avalanche noise (for
APD receivers). This paper proposes a method of
calculating P
BER
in optical fiber transmission systems
(with or without using EDFAs), including the effect of noise
sources from EDFAs and photo-detectors.
I. T VN
Vic thit k cc h thng thng tin quang c bit
l h thng thng tin quang SDH da vo cc chun
c khuyn ngh bi ITU-T. Tuy nhin, tham s
BER- tham s th hin cht lng ca h thng th
cha c quy chun v cc nh thit k c th chn
BER=10
-10
hoc BER=10
-12
tu theo h thng.
Trong cng trnh [1] a ra khi nim v phng
php tnh ton cng sut b BER (P
BER
). Vi
phng php ta c th tnh ton thit k h thng
truyn dn quang bo m cc gi tr BER theo yu
cu. Tuy nhin, cc kt qu mi ch tnh ton gn
ng vi tp m nhit l tp m tri (khi dng b tch
sng PIN) v tp m thc l l tp m tri (khi dng
tch b sng APD).
Bi bo a ra phng php tnh ton cng sut b
BER trong h thng thng tin cp si quang c tnh
n nh hng ca mi ngun tp m trong b tch
sng quang, khi h thng s dng v khng s dng
EDFA. T kt qu thu c s gip cc nh thit k
h thng truyn dn quang xc nh chnh xc qu
cng sut khi mun nng cp h thng.
II. TNH TON CNG SUT B BER TRONG
H THNG TRUYN DN QUANG KHNG
S DNG EDFA
1. Tnh t s tn hiu trn tp m SNR
tnh cng sut b trc ht ta thit lp t s tn
hiu trn tp m in eSNR u ra ca b tch sng
quang. Cng sut tp m sau tch sng quang khi h
thng dng APD l [4,5]:
R kTB I eB FB M I I e
e L e e d ph total
/ 4 2 ) ( 2
2 2
+ + + = (1)
ng vi cng sut quang P
S
ti b tch sng, theo
lut bnh phng cng sut cng sut tn hiu l [3,4]:

2
) (
S
pP S = (2)
Trong :
k l hng s Boltzman,
T: nhit tuyt i [
o
K],
B
e
: Bng tn in b thu,
M: H s nhn thc ca APD;
I
d,
I
L
ln lt l dng ti v dng r b mt ca b tch
sng quang,
R: in tr ti;
S S ph
P
h
e
pP I = = , vi
I
ph
,

p l dng photo, p ng quang ca b tch sng; e
l in tch electron, h: hng s Planck, F=M
X
h s nhiu
tri ca APD v x ph thuc vo vt liu ch to: x=0,4
vi Si, x=0,6 vi InGaAs v x=1 vi Ge.
T eSNR sau b tch sng quang s c xc
Phng php tnh ton cng sut b BER
trong h thng truyn dn quang
A Method of BER Compensative Power Calculation for
Designing Optical Fiber Transmission Systems
Trn c Hn, Trn Quc Dng, L Trung Thnh, o Ngc Nam



nh bi:
R
kTB
4 I eB 2 F M ) I pP ( eB 2
M ) pP (
eSNR
e
L e
2
d s e
2 2
s
+ + +
=
vi APD (3)
R
kTB
4 I eB 2 ) I pP ( eB 2
) pP (
eSNR
e
L e d s e
2
s
+ + +
=
, vi PIN (4)
2. Tnh P
BER

Cng sut b P
BER
l gi tr cng sut cn thit
nng cao t s li bit BER t mt gi tr ban u no
ln gi tr mi nhm m bo cho h thng c
tin cy cao hn, v d t BER=10
-10
ln BER=10
-12

hoc BER=10
-14
[1]:
] [ ) lg( 10
R
dB
P
P
P
New
BE
= (5)
Trong P v P
New
l cng sut thu c cc tiu
ca b tch sng ng vi gi tr ban u BER=10
-10
v
gi tr mi BER
new
ca BER.
Theo (3), (4), eSNR u c dng:

C BP
AP
eSNR
s
s
+
=
2
(6)
Trong cc h s A, B, C c tnh nh sau:
H thng dng tch sng quang PIN:

R
kTB
I eB I eB C
p eB B
p A
e
L e d e
e
4
+ 2 + 2 =
2 =
=
2

H thng dng tch sng quang APD:

R
kTB
I eB F M I eB C
F pM eB B
M p A
e
L e d e
e
4
+ 2 + . 2 =
. 2 =
=
2
2
2 2

T phng trnh (6) ta c:
0 . . .
2
= C eSNR BP eSNR P A
s s
(7)
Gii phng trnh (7) theo P
S
, ta tm ra:

A
eSNR AC B eSNR B eSNR
P
S
2
. 4 + ) . ( + .
=
2

Do cng sut b BER cho h thng quang c
tnh nh sau:
eSNR AC eSNRB eSNRB
eSNR AC B eSNR B eSNR
P
P
P
New New New
New
BER
. 4 ) (
. 4 ) (
lg . 10
) lg( 10
2
2
+ +
+ +
=
=
(8)
III. TNH TON CNG SUT B BER TRONG
H THNG TRUYN DN QUANG S DNG
EDFA
Trong h thng thng tin cp si quang, b khuch
i quang si EDFA c s dng ch yu lm [3,5]:
khuch i cng sut BA(Booster Amplifier), khuch
i ng truyn LA (In-line Amplifer) v tin
khuch i PA (Preamplifier) (Hnh 1)

EDFA
EDFA
EDFA
L,
L,
L
1
,
1
L
2
,
2

Pht
Pht
Pht
Thu
Thu
Thu
tx
P
in
P
out
P
s
P
in
P
out
P
s
P
tx
P
tx
P
in
P
out
P
s
P
(b)
(a)
(c)

Hnh 1. Cc phng n s dng EDFA trn tuyn thng tin
cp si quang (a) Tin khuch i, (b) Khuch i cng
sut, (c) Khuch i ng truyn.
1. Tnh eSNR cho ba trng hp s dng EDFA
trong h thng
T s tn hiu trn tp m trong ba trng hp c
tnh nh cng thc (9), (10), (11) [3].
Ta thy c ba trng hp trn eSNR u c dng:

( )
C BP
AP
eSNR
tx
tx
+
=
2
(12)
trong G l h s khuch i ca EDFA,
m
t
l s mode ngang,
B
0
l bng tn quang ca b lc quang,
P
sp
l cng sut tp m bc x t pht ti pha thu,
h s suy hao trung bnh ca si [dB/km].



Cc h s A, B, C c xc nh cho tng trng
hp nh sau:
Trng hp EDFA c s dng lm BA:
2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
2
sp t
2
e
sp
0
e 2 e
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P m
pG
eB 2
C
P
GB
B
4
pG
eB 2
B
A
+ + =
+ =
=

Trng hp EDFA c s dng lm LA:
sp
0
e 2
2 1
2 1 e
2 1
P
GB
B
4
pG
eB 2
B
A
+

=
=

2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
2
2
sp t
2
2 e
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P m
pG
eB 2
C +

=

Trng hp EDFA c s dng lm PA:
2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
sp t
2
e
sp
0
e e
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P m
pG
eB 2
C
P
GB
B
4
pG
eB 2
B
A
+ + =
+ =
=

3.2. Tnh ton cng sut b P
BER

Ta s s dng cng thc chung v eSNR (12)
tnh ton
BER
P ri t s suy ra cho tng trng
hp BA, LA v PA.
Coi eSNR l t s tn hiu trn tp m ng vi
10
10

= BER v eSNR
New
cho trng hp BER bng
gi tr theo yu cu thit k BER
New
th:

C BP
AP
eSNR
txNew
txNew
New
+
=
2
) (
(13)

C BP
AP
eSNR
tx
tx
+
=
2
) (
(14)
t
tx
txNew
P
p
k = , t (13) v (14) suy ra:
0 ) ( ) (
2
= +
tx
New New
tx
P
C
eSNR k B eSNR k
P
C
B eSNR
(15)
Gii phng trnh (15) trn theo k>0 ta c:
(16)
T cng sut b BER trong h thng quang s
dng khuch i quang si EDFA c tnh nh sau:
k P P dB P
tx txNew BER
log 10 log 10 log 10 ] [ = =
]
)
P
C
B ( eSNR 2
P
C
)
P
C
B ( eSNR . eSNR 4 ) B eSNR ( B eSNR
lg[ 10 P
tx
tx tx
New
2
New New
BER
+
+ + +
=
,(17)
trong cc h s A, B, C c tnh cho tng
trng hp nh trn.
IV. KT QU M PHNG
Bi bo a ra phng php tnh ton cng sut
- Cho trng hp BA:
2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
2
sp tx
0
e 2
sp t tx
2
e
2
tx
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P P
GB
B
4 ) P m GP (
pG
eB 2
) P (
eSNR
+ + + +
=

(9)
- Cho trng hp LA:
2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
2
2
sp tx
0
e
1
2
2 sp t tx 1
2
2 e
2
tx 2 1
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P P
GB
B
4 ) P m P G (
pG
eB 2
) P (
eSNR
+ + + +
=

(10)
- Cho trng hp PA:
2
e 2
sp
e
0
2
0
e
t
2
sp tx
0
e
sp t tx
2
e
2
tx
) pG ( R
kTB
4 P )
2
B
B (
B
B
m
G
2
P P
GB
B
4 ) P m P G (
pG
eB 2
) P (
eSNR
+ + + +
=


(11)

) ( 2
) ( . 4 ) (
2
tx
tx tx
New New New
P
C
B eSNR
P
C
P
C
B eSNR eSNR B eSNR B eSNR
k
+
+ + +
=



b BER (P
BER
) trong h thng truyn dn quang c
v khng s dng khuch i quang EDFA, c tnh
n nh hng ca mi ngun tp m trong b tch
sng quang v khuch i quang.
Kt qu tnh ton thy rng cng cng sut b BER
khng nhng ch ph thuc vo eSNR nh trng hp
ch c tp m nhit [1] m cn ph thuc vo nhiu
tham s khc nh cng sut pht v cc tham s ca
b tch sng quang. Ngoi ra cng sut b BER khi
tuyn c s dng EDFA cn ph thuc vo cc ngun
tp m trong EDFA v cch s dng EDFA trn
tuyn.
T kt qu trn, sau y bi bo s m phng tnh
ton vi cc tham s h thng: Bc sng hot ng
= 1550nm, T = 300
O
K, bng tn in B
e
= 7.5GHz,
p ng quang p==0,85 A/W, BER=10
-10
, NF=4
1. Khi trn tuyn truyn dn cha s dng
EDFA:
Hnh 2 ch ra mi quan h gia cng sut b BER
v gi tr BER ca h thng s dng tch sng PIN
ng vi cng sut pht P
tx
=-1,5 dBm. Kt qu m
phng cho hai trng hp tnh ton gn ng vi tp
m nhit v tnh n nh hng ca mi ngun tp m
trong PIN. T kt qu thy rng gi tr cng sut
b BER khi tnh ton gn ng vi tp m nhit c gi
tr gn bng vi gi tr thc t.

Hnh 2. Quan h gia BER v P
BER
cho h thng dng PIN
T kt qu cho thy khi thit k cc h thng
quang s dng tch sng PIN ta ch cn tnh nh
hng ca tp m nhit.

Hnh 3. Quan h gia BER v P
BER
cho h thng dng APD
Hnh 3 m phng cho trng hp h thng s dng
tch sng quang APD. Tng t ta cng c kt lun
vi h thng s dng APD th ch cn tnh n nh
hng ca tp m thc l.
2. Khi tuyn s dng EDFA lm PA, BA v LA:
Phn ny m phng v so snh s ph thuc ca
P
BER
vo khong cch tuyn L, h s khuch i G
v BER trong ba phng n s dng EDFA trn
tuyn.
Hnh 4 m phng cho trng hp cng sut b BER
ph thuc vo L[km]. T hnh v thy rng: Khi
EDFA c dng lm tin khuch i PA th cng
sut b khng thay i ln khi L thay i v c gi tr
nh nht. Khi L cn nh hn 200 km th cng sut b
trong ba phng n l nh nhau. Khi L>200 km th
cng sut b tng nhanh i vi BA v LA. T c
th tm c mt gi tr L ti u (L
opt
) l khong cch
truyn dn ca tuyn c gi tr ln nht v cng sut
b c gi tr nh nht.
Hnh 5 m phng gi tr ca cng sut b BER khi
EDFA c t cc v tr khc nhau trn tuyn vi
G = 25dB. T hnh v ta thy rng cng sut b BER
gim dn khi EDFA dch chuyn cng gn v pha thu
v tng dn khi dch chuyn gn v pha pht. ng
thi ta cng thy rng gi tr ca cng sut b t thay
i khi EDFA cn gn pha ngun pht v thu (gim
nhanh khi L1 thay i t 80- 200km). Mt khc, cng
sut b t gi tr nh nht khi EDFA c lm tin



khuch i PA, theo tnh ton gim 3 ln so vi
trng hp EDFA c dng lm khuch i cng
sut BA.

Hnh 4. Quan h gia
BER
P v khong cch tuyn L.

Hnh 5. Quan h gia
BER
P v v tr t EDFA.
Hnh 6 m phng mi quan h gia cng sut b
BER v G cho ba phng n s dng EDFA. T hnh
v thy rng khi G cn nh (G< 20dB) th cng sut
b t thay i trong c ba phng n. Khi G tng ln
(G>30dB) th cng sut b tng nhanh vi phng n
LA (t gia ng truyn), cng sut b trong
phng n BA v PA thay i khng ng k khi G
tng. Trong c ba phng n, cng sut b < 1dB khi
G thay i. Do vy trong thit k tnh ton tuyn
thng tin quang v mt s thay i cng sut b theo
G th c th b qua.

Hnh 6. Quan h gia cng sut b v G.

Hnh 7. Mi quan h gia cng sut b v BER.
Hnh 7 so snh gi tr cng sut b BER theo BER
trong 3 phng n s dng EDFA trn tuyn vi h s
khuch i G = 25dB. T hnh v thy rng cng sut
b tng khi cn tng tin cy ca h thng. Cng
sut b BER cho c ba phng n l gn nh nhau khi
G cn nh (nh c ch ra trong hnh 6).
V. KT LUN
T cc kt qu trn, cho ta kt qu quan trng l s
dng EDFA lm PA l c li nht v mt cng sut b
v khong cch truyn dn.
Vi phng php tnh ton cng sut b BER
cho php cc nh thit k h thng truyn dn quang
tnh ton khng nhng bo m mi gi tr BER yu
cu ca bi ton thit k m cn cho php tnh ton
thit k nng cp h thng truyn dn quang hin c



p ng c mi yu cu ca cc dch v mi bng
rng ngy nay.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] TRN QUC DNG, L VN HI, A method of
BER calculation for designing optical
telecommunication systems, Tp ch Bu chnh Vin
thng, chuyn san Cc cng trnh nghin cu- trin
khai vin thng v cng ngh thng tin, s 4/10-2000,
pp. 20-23.
[2] TRN QUC DNG, L VN HI, Design of the
SDH optical fiber transmission system software, Tp
ch Bu chnh Vin thng, chuyn san Cc cng trnh
nghin cu- trin khai vin thng v cng ngh thng
tin, 5/2001, pp. 54- 59.
[3] TRN C HN, DNG QUC HONG, TRN
QUC DNG, TRN CNH DNG, Ti u ho
vic s dng cc b khuch i quang si trong truyn
dn quang, Tuyn tp hi ngh 45 nm i hc Bch
khoa H Ni, 10/2001, tr.91-96.
[4] JOHN POWERS PACIFIC, An introduction to fiber
optic systems, California, Irwin Mc Graw Hill, 1999
[5] MAX- MING- KANG- LIU, Principles and
applications of optical communications, Irwin, 1996.
[6] TRAN QUOC DUNG, TRAN DUC HAN, NGUYEN
MINH HIEN, DO XUAN THU, BUI VIET KHOI, An
Approach of automatical optical fiber subsystem
design, Asia- Pacific Symposium, On Information and
Telecommunication Technology (APSIT97), Section
13, pp.13.15-13.54
[7] TRAN QUOC DUNG, VU VAN SAN, LE VAN HAI,
Design calculation for optical communication
systems, The 25th Asian- Information-
communications conference, Shangai, Apr. 2001, pp.
369- 375.
Ngy nhn bi: 17/02/2003




S LC TC GI
TRN C HN
Sinh nm 1935.
Tt nghip i hc Nng
lng Moskva nm 1963. Bo
v lun n Tin s ti i hc
Nng lng Moskva nm 1974
v chuyn ngnh K thut in
t.
c phong Ph Gio s nm
1984 v Gio s nm 2001.
TRN QUC DNG
Sinh nm 1970.
Tt nghip i hc Bch khoa H Ni nm 1992.
Bo v lun vn Thc s nm 1998 ti i hc Bch
khoa H Ni. Hin l nghin cu sinh ti i hc
Bch khoa H Ni.
Hin cng tc ti cng ty VITECO.
Hng nghin cu: Thng tin cp si quang,
L TRUNG THNH
Sinh nm 1980.
Tt nghip i hc Bch
khoa H Ni chuyn ngnh
in t- Vin thng nm 2003.
Hin l cng tc ti Khoa
in- in t, Trng i hc
Giao thng Vn ti H Ni.

O NGC NAM
Sinh nm 1980.
Tt nghip i hc Bch khoa H Ni chuyn
ngnh in t- Vin thng nm 2003.
Hin cng tc ti cng ty FPT.