4 From the study by Held and Hein (kitten carousel):
(a) Describe the visual cliff results for the active and passive kittens. [2] (b) What did Held and Hein conclude from these results? [2] MAY/JUNE 2013/12 17 Discuss the relative strengths of using animals versus human participants to investigate development. Use one of the studies listed below as an example. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) [10] MAY/JUNE 2013/13 3 From the study by Held and Hein (kitten carousel): (a) What was already known about adult human visual adaptation prior to this study? [2] (b) Explain whether the results for baby animals (neonates) were the same as those for human adults or different. [2] MAY/JUNE 2012/11 4 Held and Hein (kitten carousel) used three main tests to assess visual-spatial discrimination. They also did several additional tests to check the status of peripheral receptors and responses. Describe two of these additional tests. [4] MAY/JUNE 2012/12 16 Evaluate one of the studies listed below in terms of its contribution to the nature-nurture debate. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) [10] MAY/JUNE 2012/13 4 Held and Hein (kitten carousel) used three main tests to assess visual-spatial discrimination. They also did several additional tests to check the status of peripheral receptors and responses. Describe two of these additional tests. [4]
MAY/JUNE 2011/11,12,13 No Question MAY/JUNE 2010/11,12,13 No Question OCT/NOV 2013/11 16. Evaluate one of the studies listed below in terms of its ecological validity. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) [10] OCT/NOV 2013/12 17. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of observations as a research method using one of the studies listed below as an example. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) [10] OCT/NOV 2013/13 4. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) used observations to record the behaviour of the kittens. (a) Describe one behaviour they assessed using observation. [2] (b) Outline one disadvantage of observations as a research method. [2] OCT/NOV 2012/11 4. Held and Hein (kitten carousel) designed their study to solve some problems in earlier research. Describe two ways in which the visual-spatial experience of animals in this earlier research was restricted. [4] OCT/NOV 2012/12 4. The study by Held and Hein (kitten carousel) used an independent groups design. (a) What is meant by the term experimental design? *2+ (b) Explain one disadvantage for Held and Hein of using an independent groups design. [2] OCT/NOV 2012/13 3. The Held and Hein (kitten carousel) study was a laboratory experiment. Describe two features of a laboratory experiment. [4] OCT/NOV 2011/11,12,13 No Question OCT/NOV 2010/11,12,13 No Question