3.3. Chương 5. Pin Và Điện Cực - 5T - RR

CHNG 5
PIN IN CC
Ni dung
5.1. Pin in ha
5.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc
5.3. Cc loi in cc v Mch in ha
5.4. ng dng ca sc in ng
5.5. Ngun in ha hc
5.6. Bi tp
Quan st m hnh sau
(nguyn t Gavanic Cu Zn)
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.1. Khi nim pin in ha
Cu to
Hai dung dch sunfat c cha trong nhng dng c ring
bit v tip xc vi nhau bng mt cu mui l ng thy
tinh cha y dung dch cht dn in Na
2
SO
4
. Hai thanh
km v ng c ni vi nhau bng dy dn kim loi.
Nguyn t gm hai in cc
in cc km in cc ng
Zn/ZnSO
4
Cu/ CuSO
4
5.1. Pin in ha
Hin tng
Kim in k G ch dng in i t Cu sang Zn.
Khi lng Zn gim, khi lng Cu tng.
[ZnSO
4
] tng, [CuSO
4
] gim.
5.1. Pin in ha
Qu trnh lm vic
Zn Zn
+2
+ 2e
in cc km (cc m): xy ra qu trnh oxy ha, s kh
in cc ng (cc dng): xy ra qu trnh kh, s oxy ha
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
5.1. Pin in ha
Tng phn ng
Cu
+2
+ Zn = Cu + Zn
2+
Khi nim PIN
5.1. Pin in ha
Pin l mt h bin i ho nng thnh
in nng nh phn ng oxy ha kh
xy ra trn in cc.
K hiu
K hiu nguyn t Gavanic ng - km bng s sau:
(-) Zn/ ZnSO
4
// CuSO
4
/ Cu (+)
hay (-) Zn/ Zn
+2
// Cu
2+
/ Cu (+)
5.1. Pin in ha
Quy c vit k hiu Pin
in cc m vit bn tri, cc dng vit bn phi.
Ngn cch in cc v dung dch in ly bng 1 du gch cho.
(khc pha). in cc gm nhiu thnh phn th ngn cch gia
cc thnh phn bng du phy.
Ngn cch 2 dung dch in ly bng 2 du gch cho (//) hoc
mt vch 3 chm nu ti ranh gii c in th khuch tn
5.1. Pin in ha
(-) Zn/ ZnSO
4
//CuSO
4
/Cu (+); (-) Zn/ ZnSO
4
: CuSO
4
/Cu (+);
(-) Pt/Fe
2+
(0.10 M),Fe
3+
(0.20 M)//Ag
+
(1.0 M)/Ag(+)
.
Mt vi m hnh v Pin in ha
5.1. Pin in ha
Zn(s) | Zn
2+
(aq) || Cu
2+
(aq) | Cu(s) E
cell
= 1.103 V
5.1. Pin in ha
Pin c in cc kh
5.1. Pin in ha
(-)Pt|Fe
2+
(0.10 M),Fe
3+
(0.20 M)||Ag
+
(1.0 M)|Ag(+)
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
Kho st qu trnh nhng thanh kim loi vo dung dch
S hnh thnh lp in tch kp ti ranh gii in cc
+
+
+
+
+
+
Kim loi
Dung dch
dd kl

+ +
>
+
+
+
+
+
+
Kim loi
Dung dch
dd kl

+ +
<
Kt qu
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
Hnh thnh lp in tch kp
Ti ranh gii in cc dung dch
Bc nhy th (Hiu in th)
Sc in ng = E bc nhy th
Th in
cc
nh ngha
Th in cc ca mt in cc l i lng biu
din bng s khc bit th ca in cc so vi
in cc chun. K hiu: .
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
in cc chun
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
in cc hydro: tm Pt
trng mui Pt nhng vo
dung dch axt v c bo
ha kh hydro.
Khi hot = 1; P
H2
= 1atm
th tr thnh in cc
hydro chun = 0.
0
H / H
2
+

o in cc ng:
+ Lp pin: (-) Pt,H
2
|H
+
||Cu
2+
|Cu (+)
+ a
Cu
2+
= 1; 25
0
C; o S pin = 0,337V
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
V
d
V 337 , 0
0
Cu / Cu
2
+ =
+
o in cc km:
+ Lp pin: (-) Pt,H
2
|H
+
||Zn
2+
|Zn (+)
+ a
Zn
2+
= 1; 25
0
C; o S pin = -0,7628V
7628 , 0
0
Cu / Cu
2
=
+
Phng trnh Nernst
Phng trnh trn c gi l phng trnh Nernst vit cho th in cc
oxh + ne Kh
Tng qut ha i vi qu trnh in cc vit theo chiu oxy ha:
Chng ta c:
n : s electron trao i
F : hng s Faraday
R : hng s kh
T : nhit tuyt i (K)
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
oxh
kh
0
a
a
ln
nF
RT
=
Phng trnh Nernst
Khi T = 298K, R = 8,314 J/mol.K; F = 96500 Culng v ln = 2,3lg
ta c dng c th ca phng trnh Nernst cho php tnh th
in cc ca mt in cc bt k 25
0
C:
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
oxy
kh
0
a
a
ln
nF
RT
=
oxh
kh
0
a
a
lg
n
059 , 0
=
Chng ta xt nguyn t ganvanic ng - km:
(-) Zn/ Zn
2+
// Cu
2+
/ Cu (+)
Xc nh th in cc ca ng v km??
V d
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
(-) Zn/ Zn
2+
// Cu
2+
/ Cu (+)
Phn ng in cc:
+ Cc (-): Zn = Zn
2+
+ 2e
+ Cc (+): Cu
2+
+ 2e = Cu
2
2 2
Cu
0
Cu / Cu Cu / Cu
C
1
ln
F 2
RT

+
+ +
=
2
2 2
Zn
0
Zn / Zn Zn / Zn
C
1
ln
F 2
RT

+
+ +
=
5.1. Pin in ha
5.1.2. Th in cc
Khi lm vic, pin sinh dng in to ra t cng hu ch A ca phn
ng oxy ha kh.
Khi pin lm vic thun nghch nhit ng ca cng chnh l cng hu
ch cc i A
max
. Theo nguyn l 2:
G = A
max
Cng in chuyn ho 1 mol cht:
A
max
= q.E = nFE
Vy:
n : s electron trao i trong qu trnh in cc.
G = -nFE
Phng trnh nhit
ng c bn ca pin
5.2. Nhit ng hc ca Pin v in cc
5.2.1. Cng in ca pin
Vy:
E =
+
-
-
5.2.2. Sc in ng ca pin
Ch :
[1] v E > 0 nn
+
>
-
[2] Cho th in cc cc dng m ca PIN
iu kin chun:
0 0 0
E
+
=
Sc in ng = (th in cc dng) (th in cc m)
Xt nguyn t ganvanic ng - km:
(-) Zn/ Zn
2+
// Cu
2+
/ Cu (+)
Xc nh sc in ng ca PIN trn???
V d
Sc in ng ca nguyn t ganvanic ng - km l:
2
2
Cu
Zn
0
C
C
ln
F 2
RT
E E
+
+
=
2
2
Cu
Zn
0
Zn
0
Cu
C
C
ln
F 2
RT
) ( E
+
+
=
E =
+
-
-
=
Cu
-
Zn
Gi s phn ng xy ra trong pin:
aA + bB = cC + dD
Phng trnh Nernst:

sc in ng tiu chun
th in cc tiu chun ca in cc (+) v (-)
0 0 0
E
+
=
0 0
,
+

5.2.3. nh hng nng n E - ; PT Nernst
Trong :
b
B
a
A
d
D
c
C
0
a . a
a . a
ln
nF
RT
- E = E
b
B
a
A
d
D
c
C
0
a . a
a . a
lg
n
059 , 0
- E = E
25
0
C
Trong khong nhit hp, xem khng i v gn 25
0
C ta c
phng trnh quan h:
i vi sc in ng:
i vi th in cc:
nF
S
nF
S S
T
E
oxh kh
A
=
=
c
c
5.2.4. nh hng ca nhit
nF
S
nF
S S
T
oxh kh
A
=
=
c
c
H s nhit

Vy h s nhit t l vi s bin thin entropy.
( ) 25
25
+ = t
dT
d
o o
t

- Nu E > 0 G < 0: phn ng xy ra theo chiu thun.
- Nu E < 0 G > 0: phn ng xy ra theo chiu ngc li.
- Nu E = 0 G = 0: phn ng cn bng.
Kho st chiu phn ng
5.2.5. Kho st phn ng
C s:
G = - n.F.E
Quan h gia E Thng s nhit ng
Khi kho st mt phn ng, thnh lp PIN cua phn ng
, tin hnh o SC iN NG E.
Da vo quan h E dE/dt vi cc thng s nhit ng t
ta tnh c chng!
AG = -nFE
AG = AH TAS
dT
dE
nF S = A
5.2.4. nh hng ca nhit
Cho pin: Cd/CdCl
2
.2H
2
Odd bo ha / AgCl/Ag. Bit sc
in ng ca pin 25
0
C bng 0,67533V v h s nhit
ca sc in ng bng -6,5.10
-4
V/K. Hy xc nh
AG, AS, AH ca phn ng xy ra trong pin 25
0
C?
V d
p n:
AG = - 31150cal
AS = - 30 cal/K
AH = - 40090 cal
Kho st phn ng clo ha bc:
Ag + Cl
2
= AgCl
Ta lp Pin: (-) Ag,AgCl/HCl/Cl
2
,Pt (+)
+ Cc m: Ag + Cl
-
- e = AgCl (r)
+ Cc dng: Cl
2
+ e = Cl
-
o sc in ng pin ny: E = 1,132V ( 25
0
C)
o h s nhit : dE/dT = -0,000477V/K
Tnh:
AG = -nFE = 26.100 cal
AS = nF.dE/dT = -11 cal/K
AH = -29.380 cal
V d
Xt phn ng:
M
h+
+ he = M (1) AG
1
= -hF
h
M
n+
+ ne = M (2) AG
2
= -nF
n
M
h+
+ (h-n)e = M
n+
(3) AG
3
= -(h-n)F
h/n
Ta c : (3) = (1) - (2)
Do : AG
3
= AG
1
- AG
2

Hay:

(h-n)
h/n
= h
h
- n
n (H thc Luther)
5.2.6. H thc Luther
Tnh th in cc chun ca cc in cc Fe
3+
/Fe;
Cr
2+
/Cr v Cu
2+
/Cu
+
nu bit th in cc chun ca
cc in cc Fe
2+
/Fe v Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ln lt l -0,4402V
v 0,771V; Cr
3+
/Cr
2+
v Cr
3+
/Cr ln lt l -0,4082V v
-0,744V; in cc Cu+/Cu v Cu
2+
/Cu ln lt l
0,520V v 0,337V?
V d
p n:
5.2.6. H thc Luther
in cc
5.3. Cc loi in cc Mch in ha
5.3.1. Phn loi in cc
in cc loi 1
in cc loi 2
in cc loi 3
in cc kh
in cc oxh-kh
in cc hn hng
in cc calomel
in cc Ag - AgCl
nh ngha in cc
K hiu in cc
Phn ng xy ra trn in cc
Phng trnh Nernst p dng tnh th
Ni dung cn nm i vi mt in cc
M
n+
+ ne = M; A + ne = A
n-
Kim loi ( kim) nhng dung dch cha ion ca kim loi ( kim)
in cc loi 1
nh ngha
K hiu
M
n+
/ M hoc A
n-
/ A
Phn ng in cc:
PT Nernst:
+ +
+
+ +
+ = =
n n
n
n n
M
0
/M M
M
M
0
/M M /M M
lna
nF
RT
a
a
ln
nF
RT

- n - n
- n
- n - n
A
0
/A A
A
A
0
/A A /A A
lna
nF
RT
a
a
ln
nF
RT
= =
in cc ng: Cu
2+
/Cu
Phn ng in cc: Cu
2+
+ 2e = Cu
Phng trnh Nernst 25
0
C:
+ +
+
+ +
+ = =
2 2
n
2 2
u C
0
/Cu u C
u C
0
/Cu u C /Cu u C
lga
2
0,059
a
1
lg
nF
RT

in cc loi 1
V d:
Cu
2+
/Cu
in cc loi 1
MA + ne = M + A
n-
Kim loi M c ph mt hp cht kh tan (mui, oxit hay
hydroxit) ca kim loi v nhng vo dung dch cha anion
ca hp cht kh tan .
in cc loi 2
nh ngha
K hiu
Phn ng in cc:
A
n-
/ MA/ M
PT Nernst:

=
n n n
A
0
A MA/M, A MA/M,
lna
nF
RT

[1] in cc Calomel : Pt, Hg/ Hg
2
Cl
2
/ Cl
-
[2] in cc bc clorua bc : Ag/ AgCl/ Cl
-

Bao gm
in cc loi 2
in cc loi 2
in cc Calomel
Pt, Hg/ Hg
2
Cl
2
/ Cl

K hiu
Phn ng in cc:
PT Nernst:
Hg
2
Cl
2
+ 2e = 2Hg + 2Cl

+ = =
Cl Cl
0
Cal Cal
lga 059 , 0 2678 , 0 lga 059 , 0
in cc loi 2
in cc Bc Bc clorua
Cl

/ AgCl / Ag K hiu
Phn ng in cc:
PT Nernst:
AgCl + e = Ag + Cl

= =
Cl Cl
0
Cl AgCl/Ag, Cl AgCl/Ag,
lga 059 , 0 2224 , 0 lga 059 , 0
- -
in cc bc iodua bc
Ag/ AgI/ I
-

in cc loi 2
in cc antimoine: OH
-
/ Sb
2
O
3
/ Sb
Phn ng in cc: Sb
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O + 6e = 2Sb + 6OH

Phng trnh Nernst 25
0
C:
- -
3 2
-
3 2
OH
0
OH /Sb, O Sb OH /Sb, O Sb
ga l 059 , 0 =
in cc loi 2
V d:
+
+ =
H
O H
0
OH /Sb, O Sb
ga l 059 , 0 gK l 059 , 0
2
-
3 2
pH 059 , 0 145 , 0 =
o pH
(Mui MA c tan nh hn MA)
Kim loi tip xc vi hai mui kh tan c chung anion, c
nhng vo dung dch cha cation ca mui kh tan th hai.
in cc loi 3
nh ngha
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
M
n+
/ MA, MA/ M
Tu loi phn ng
in cc: Ca
2+
/ CaCO
3
, PbCO
3
/ Pb
Phn ng in cc: PbCO
3
+ Ca
2+
+ 2e = Pb + CaCO
3
PbCO
3
c tan nh hn CaCO
3
(T
PbCO3
< T
CaCO3
)
Phng trnh th in cc:
in cc loi 3
V d:
+ +
+ =
2 2
Pb
0
Pb/Pb
a ln
nF
RT

+ +
+ + =
2
3 3
2
Ca
CaCO PbCO
0
Pb/Pb
a ln
F 2
RT
T ln
F 2
RT
T ln
F 2
RT

+
+ =
2
Ca
0
a ln
F 2
RT

Kim loi tr tip xc ng thi vi kh v dung dch cha ion
kh ny (Kim loi tr thng l Pt).
in cc kh
nh ngha
[1] in cc hydro : H
+
/ H
2
, Pt
[2] in cc oxy : OH
/ O
2
, Pt
[3] in cc clo : Cl
/Cl
2
, Pt
Bao gm
Pt, H
2
/ H
+

P
H2
= 1atm
2
2 2
2
H
0
/H H /H H
a
ln
H
P nF
RT +
+ +
+ =
2
2
H
/H H
P lg
2
059 , 0
pH 059 , 0 =
+
in cc kh
in cc kh hydro
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
2H
+
+ 2e = H
2
pH 059 , 0
2
/H H
=
+
OH
/O
2
, Pt
in cc kh
in cc kh oxy
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
O
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4e = 4OH

4
H O
O
0
/O OH /O OH
a
P
ln
F 4
RT

2
2 2

+ =
Cl

/ Cl
2
, Pt
in cc kh
in cc kh Clo
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
Cl
2
+ 2e = 2Cl

2
l C
Cl
0
/Cl Cl /Cl Cl
a
P
ln
F 2
RT

2
2 2

+ =
in cc kh
M
n+
+ ne = M (Hg)
H gm hn hng ca kim loi tip xc vi dung dch cha ion
kim li .
in cc hn hng (amalgam)
nh ngha
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
M
n+
/ M (Hg)
+
+ +
=
n
n n
M
) Hg ( M
0
(Hg) /M, M (Hg) /M, M
a
a
ln
nF
RT

in cc hn hng cadimi:
K hiu in cc: Cd
2+
/ Cd (Hg)
Phn ng in cc: Cd
2+
+ 2e = Cd (Hg)
Th:
+
+ +
=
2
2 2
d C
) Hg ( Cd
0
Hg /Cd, d C Hg /Cd, d C
a
a
ln
nF
RT

in cc hn hng
V d:
ng dng
in cc ny (12,5% Cd) ch to pin Weston Sc in ng
khng i.
H gm kim loi tr (Pt) nhng vo dung dch cha ng thi
hai dng oxy ha kh.
Oxh + ne = Kh
in cc oxy ha kh - Redox
nh ngha
K hiu
Phn ng in cc
PT Nernst
Oxh / kh,Pt
oxh
kh
0
oxh/kh oxh/kh
a
a
ln
nF
RT
=
Mt s in cc thng dng:
+ in cc n gin: Pt, Fe
2+
/ Fe
3+

+ in cc phc tp: Pt, Mn
2+
/ MnO
4
-
, H
+

+ in cc quinhidron: Pt, C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
/ C
6
H
4
O
2

in cc n gin: khng thay i thnh phn cc ion

K hiu: Fe
3+
/ Fe
2+
, Pt
Phn ng in cc: Fe
3+
+ e = Fe
2+
Th:
+
+
+ +
+ +
=
3
2
Pt ,
2
/Fe
3
Fe
2 3
Fe
Fe
0
Pt , /Fe Fe
a
a
ln
F 1
RT

in cc phc tp: c thay i thnh phn cc cht
K hiu: MnO
4
-
,H
+
/ Mn
2+
, Pt

Phn ng in cc: MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
+ 5e = Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O

Th:
2
H MnO
Mn
0
Pt , /Mn H , nO M
a . a
a
ln
F 5
RT

4
2
Pt ,
2
/Mn H ,
4
nO M
2
4
+
+
+ +
+ +
=
in cc quinhidron:
in cc: Pt, C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
/C
6
H
4
O
2

Phn ng in cc:
C
6
H
4
O
2
+ 2H
+
+ 2e = C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
Quinhidron C
6
H
4
O
2
.C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
l hn hp ng phn t ca
quinon C
6
H
4
O
2
(Q) v hidroquinon C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
(QH
2
)
in cc quinhidron:
C
6
H
4
O
2
+ 2H
+
+ 2e = C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
O
O
+ 2H
+
+ 2e
OH
OH
Quinon (Q)
Hidronquinon (QH
2
)
Khi a
Q
/a
QH2
= 1 th:
pH 059 , 0 69976 , 0
quinh
=
in cc ny dng nh in cc ch th o pH dung dch
Q
QH
H
0
quinh
2
H
Q
QH
0
quinh quinh
a
a
ln
F 2
RT
lna
F
RT
.a a
a
ln
F 2
RT

2 2
+ = =
+
+
in cc quinhidron:
PT Nernst
pH
F
RT
303 , 2
0
quinh quinh
=
25
0
C:
Trong mch ny, pin c hnh thnh t cc in cc khc
nhau v bn cht ha hc, gy ra dng in trong mch.
V d:
Pin Jacobi Daniell: (-) Zn / Zn
2+
(C
1
) // Cu
2+
(C
2
) / Cu (+)
Mch vi dd in phn: (-) Zn / ZnCl
2
//Hg
2
Cl
2
/ Hg, Pt (+)
5.3.2. Mch in ha
Mch Ho hc
V d:
Pin Jacobi Daniell: (-) Zn/ Zn
2+
(a
1
) // Cu
2+
(a
2
) / Cu (+)
Phn ng cc m: Zn - 2e = Zn
2+
Phn ng cc dng: Cu
2+
+ 2e = Cu
Phn ng mch: Zn + Cu
2+
= Cu + Zn
2+
Sc in ng (25
0
C):
2
1
0
Cu/Zn
a
a
lg
2
059 , 0
E E =
Mch Ho hc
5.3.2. Mch in ha
V d: Mch vi dd in phn: (-) Zn / ZnCl
2
// Hg
2
Cl
2
/ Hg, Pt (+)
Phn ng cc m: Zn - 2e = Zn
2+
Phn ng cc dng: Hg
2
Cl
2
+ 2e = 2Hg + 2Cl
-

Phn ng mch: Zn + Hg
2
Cl
2
= 2Hg + ZnCl
2
Sc in ng:
2
ZnCl
0
lga
2
059 , 0
E E =
Mch Ho hc
5.3.2. Mch in ha
Trong mch ny, hai in cc ging nhau v bn cht ha hc
nhng khc nhau v hot ca dung dch in cc.
V d:
Mch nng
5.3.2. Mch in ha
Mch cha pin: (-) Ag / AgNO
3
(a
) // AgNO
3
(a
) / Ag (+)
Mch cha pin : (-) (Hg) Cd (a
1
) / CdSO
4
/ Cd (a
2
) (Hg) (+)
Mch cha pin: (-) Pt, H
2
(P
1
) / HCl / H
2
(P
2
), Pt (+) (P
1
> P
2
)
Mch cha pin: (-) Ag/ AgNO
3
(a) // AgNO
3
(a) / Ag (+)
V d:
= =
' a
" a
lg 059 , 0
" a
' a
lg
1
059 , 0
E E
0
Mch nng
5.3.2. Mch in ha
Mch cha pin : (-) (Hg) Cd (a
1
) / CdSO
4
/ Cd (a
2
) (Hg) (+)
Mch cha pin: (-) Pt, H
2
(P
1
) / HCl / H
2
(P
2
), Pt (+) (P
1
> P
2
)
2
1
1
2
0
a
a
lg
2
059 , 0
a
a
lg
2
059 , 0
E E = =
2
1
1
2
0
P
P
lg
2
059 , 0
P
P
lg
2
059 , 0
E E = =
Mch c ti l mch m hai in cc c hai dung dch tip
xc vi nhau qua mng ngn.
Ti ranh gii (k hiu du 3 chm), cc ion di chuyn l xut
hin th khuch tn.
V d:
(-) Zn/ ZnSO
4
CuSO
4
/ Cu (+)
(-) Ag/ AgNO
3
AgNO
3
/ Ag (+)
Mch c ti
5.3.2. Mch in ha
L mch trong c 2 in cc cng c nhng vo trong mt
dung dch hay 2 dung dch c tch ra khi nhau.
(-) Pt, H
2
/ HCl / Cl
2
, Pt (+)
V d:
Mch khng ti
5.3.2. Mch in ha
Chun in th
o pH thng qua sc in ng ca pin
Xc nh cc i lng ha l: s ti,
tch s tan, h s hot
Nguyn tc
o sc in ng ca pin
gm hai in cc
in cc so snh c th
in cc bit
in cc ch th: in cc c th
ph thuc vo pH ca dung dch
in cc Calomen
in cc bc - clorua bc
in cc hydro
in cc quinhidron
5.4.1. o pH ca dung dch
0,059
E
pH
cal

=
0,059
E
pH
cal
0
Quinh

=
PIN: (-) Pt, H
2
/ H
+
// KCl / Hg
2
Cl
2
, Hg (+)
PIN: (-) Hg, Hg
2
Cl
2
/ KCl // H
+
(x), C
6
H
4
O
2
, C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
/ Pt
(+)
in cc ch th l in cc hydro
in cc ch th l in cc quinhydron
5.4.1. o pH ca dung dch
E =
Cal
-
hydro
E =
quinh
-
cal
Nguyn tc
5.4.2. Chun in th
Xt phn ng chun
Lp pin trn c s phn ng chun
Lp cng thc sc in ng
Tnh c nng im tng ng
Suy ra kt qu chun
Kho st chun HCl bng NaOH, ta c phn ng sau:
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H
2
O
Lp Pin: (-) Pt, H
2
/ HCl (x) // KCl / Hg
2
Cl
2
, Hg (+)
Sc in ng:
+
= =
H
cal hydro cal
0,059lga - E
5.4.2. Chun in th
Phn ng trung ha
5.4.2. Chun in th
Phn ng trung ha
Trong sut qu trnh chun , ta o
sc in ng E.
Xy dng ng cong:
E = ](V
NaOH
); AE/AV = ](V
NaOH
);
Ti im tng ng, ta quan st
bc th.
E = ](V)
V
t
AE/AV = ](V)
E; AE/AV
V
Kho st chun KCl bng AgNO
3
, ta c phn ng sau:
KCl + AgNO
3
= AgCl + KNO
3
Lp Pin: (-) Hg, Hg
2
Cl
2
/ KCl // KCl (x) / AgCl, Ag (+)
Sc in ng:

= =
Cl
cal
o
Cl , Ag / AgCl
cal
Cl , Ag / AgCl
0,059lga - E
5.4.2. Chun in th
Phn ng kt ta
Ngc li, chun AgNO
3
bng KCl, ta c phn ng sau:
AgNO
3
+ KCl = AgCl + KNO
3
Lp pin: (-) Ag, AgNO
3
// KCl / Hg
2
Cl
2
, Hg (+)
Sc in ng:
+ +
= =
+
Ag
o
Ag / Ag
cal Ag / Ag cal
0,059lga E
5.4.2. Chun in th
Phn ng kt ta
Lp pin: (-)Ag, AgCl / HCl / Cl
2
, Pt (+)
Phn ng trong pin:
Cl
2
+ Ag = AgCl
Sc in ng ca pin:
5.4.3. Xc nh tch s tan ca mui kh tan
Xc nh T
AgCl
( )
-
2
Cl AgCl/Ag, /Cl Cl
E =

( )
AgCl
o
Cl AgCl/Ag,
0
/Cl Cl
T lg 059 , 0
-
2
=

BI TP

3.3. Chương 5. Pin Và Điện Cực - 5T - RR

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