THIT K LUN N TT NGHIP BNG L

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Dr Nicola Talbot
Vietnamese Translation by: Thi Ph Khnh Ha
Ha Hc Vit Nam
School of Computing Sciences
University of East Anglia
Ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2005
Tm tt ni dung
Ti liu c bin son nhm gip cc nghin cu sinh nhng ngi mun s dng L
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X son tho lun n Tt
Nghip ca h. Nu bn cha lmquen vi L
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Xti khuyn bn trc ht nn c L
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Xfor Complete Novices [5].
Cc v d c nu ra trong ti liu ny bn c th download t th mc examples trn website ca tc gi.
Nu mun xem cc v d bng ting Vit, hy tra cu VNOSS chng ti s hi kin ca anh Nguyn i Qu
nhm gip vic upload cc v d mu bng ting Vit, sau khi thit k xong lun n ca bn ng qun gi file
L
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X ngun ln VNOSS mi ngi tham kho nh. Ti liu ny cng c tm thy nh dng kh chuyn
(PDF) di dng kh giy A4 in n hoc di dng slide trnh chiu trn mn hnh.
Bn dch c nhm H2VN duyt vo: Ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2005.
Ti liu gc bng ting Anh v cc file nh km bn c th ti v t: http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/
~nlct/latex/thesis/thesis.html. Bn dch ting Vit c th ti v t: H2VN
1
, VietTUG
2
, VNOSS
3
hoc VnT
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X
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.
1
Ha Hc Vit Nam
2
Nhm nhng ngi Vit Nam s dng T
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X (Vietnamese TeX Users Group)
3
Cng ng m ngun m Vit Nam
4
D n VnT
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X tc gi Hn Th Thnh
Mc lc
1 Gii thiu 1
2 Bt u nh th no 2
3 Chia nh mt ti liu ln ra nhiu file 4
4 Thay i phong cch ti liu 6
4.1 Ci bin i tng vn bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 Thay i u trang ca cc mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 Thay i tiu chng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4 Thm vo phn mc lc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5 nh ngha mt phong cch dn trang mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 To danh mc cho ti liu tham kho 11
5.1 Cc tham chiu ngc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 Cc li thng gp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6 nh dng 24
6.1 Khong trng kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.2 Thay i trang tiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.3 Trch dn vn bn u vo ca L
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6.4 Mi trng tabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.5 Cc nh l v thut ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7 To ch mc v danh sch cc thut ng 32
7.1 To ch mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7.1.1 Nhng vng mc thng gp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.2 To mt bng ch gii thut ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2.1 Gi lnh makeglos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2.2 Gi lnh glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8 Nhiu float khng c x l 39
Ti liu tham kho 40
Ch mc 41
i
Chng 1
Gii thiu
Trong cc trng i Hc nc ta hin nay qui nh v cch trnh by lun n tt nghip c th khc vi phong
cch ca cc trng trn th gii. Nhn chung lun n ca cc sinh vin trong nc trng rt thiu chuyn nghip
v cn mang nng tnh hnh thc nhiu, v d nh khi bn lm lun n bn phi tn gio vin hng dn pha
trn ca ngi thc hin thay v ch cp n tn ca h vo phn Cm n. Thm ch phong cch trnh by
lun n l do mi trng t ra m khng c mt nh dng chun no trong c nc, c i khi mt vi ngi
phn bin h ci nhau v cch trnh by ti liu ca sinh vin. Hu ht ngi ta khi lm lun n thng s dng
MS Word hay vit tay ri thu cc dch v vn phng nh my li, v cng vic chnh sa rt mt nhiu thi gian.
Gn y mt s sinh vin cc trng i Hc Quc Gia quan tm n L
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liu khoa hc, y l mt du hiu rt ng mng.
Hin nay cc nghin cu sinh khoa hc cng nh sinh vin cc trng i hc thng c khuyn co s
dng L
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X son tho lun n tt nghip, c bit l khi lun n ca h c lin quan n nhiu biu thc ton
hc. Ti liu c bin son vi mc ch l mt bi gii thiu ngn v cch thit k v nh dng ti liu ca bn
v cch nh ngha cc kiu trang, u ca chng, khc vi phong cch trnh by c in . . . Nu bn bn cha
bao gi ng n L
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X th bn nn tm c L
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X for Complete Novices [5] v mt s ti liu Vit Ng lin quan
c th tm thy VietTUG hoc tham vn cc chuyn gia v T
E
X trn VNOSS. Ti liu ny vit cho nhng ngi
c nhng kin thc c bn v L
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X.
Xuyn sut ti liu ny, m ngun s c minh ha di dng nh sau:
y l mt \textbf{v d}.
V kt qu tng ng s c minh ha di dng sau:
y l mt v d.
Cc nh ngha v lnh s c dng font ch nh my di dng nh sau:
\documentclass[ty chn]{file vit ring cho tng lp ti liu}
nh ngha
1
Chng 2
Bt u nh th no
Nu bn c ai ch bo dng mt class (lp ti liu) file no , th hy c lm theo nh nhng g m ngi
c kinh nghim hng dn bn, cn nu khng ti khuyn bn nn dng file ca lp report. Trc khi bn tin
hnh son tho ti liu nn ch rng kiu cu trc ti liu no bn nn chn. Tr khi gio vin hng dn ca
bn yu cu, nu khng ti khuyn bn trc ht nn lp ra sn ca ti liu m t nhiu trng ging nh di y:
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam}
\usepackage{urwvn}
\begin{document}
\title{V D MU V LUN N TT NGHIP}
\author{Tn ca bn}
\date{Thng 10 nm 2005}
\maketitle
\pagenumbering{roman}
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\chapter*{Li cm n}
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\chapter{Gii thiu}
\label{ch:gioithieu}
\chapter{Vo }
\label{ch:vaode}
\chapter{Phng php nghin cu}
\label{ch:phuongphap}
\chapter{Kt qu thu c}
\label{ch:ketqua}
\chapter{Kt lun}
\label{ch:ketluan}
2
CHNG 2. BT U NH TH NO 3
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
\end{document}
Nu bn download file ngun ca v d ny, n s gip bn xc nh rng ti liu ca bn c nh dng ng
trc khi bn bt u nhp ni dung ca ti liu.
Chng 3
Chia nh mt ti liu ln ra nhiu file
Mt s ngi thch t mi chng trong mt ti liu ln thnh mt file ring bit. Bn c th lm vic ny bng
cch s dng dng lnh sau:
\include{tn ca file}
nh ngha
Nu bn ch mun lm vic vi mt hay hai chng, bn c th bo cho L
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X bit nh km nhng file ny vi
lnh:
\includeonly{lit k tn file}
nh ngha
phn khai bo ni m tn ca cc file m bn mun nh vo cch nhau bng du phy. L
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X s c tt c cc
thng tin v tham chiu cho i vi nhng chng khng c nh vo danh sch, nhng s khng cp nht
chng vo file DVI. C mt li im vi vic ny l nu c mt s lng ln hnh nh trong chng kt qu ca
bn, m bn khng mun nh km theo khi lm vic, v thi gian bin dch s lu hn, y l mt mo nh. Tuy
nhin bn vn c th tham chiu n cc hnh nh trong nhng chng bn khng nh km theo khi m bn bin
dch ti liu vi L
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X sau khi b lnh \includeonly.
V d c nu ra trong Chng 2 by gi c th chia nh ra lm nhiu file:
File thesis.tex:
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam}
\usepackage{urwvn}
\begin{document}
\title{V D MU V LUN N TT NGHIP}
\author{Tn ca bn}
\date{Thng 10 nm 2005}
\maketitle
\pagenumbering{roman}
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\chapter*{Li cm n}
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
4
CHNG 3. CHIA NH MT TI LIU LN RA NHIU FILE 5
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\include{gioithieu}
\include{vaode}
\include{phuongphap}
\include{ketqua}
\include{ketluan}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
\end{document}
File gioithieu.tex:
\chapter{Gii thiu}
\label{ch:gioithieu}
File vaode.tex:
\chapter{Vo }
\label{ch:vaode}
File phuongphap.tex:
\chapter{Phng php}
\label{ch:phuongphap}
File ketqua.tex:
\chapter{Kt qu}
\label{ch:ketqua}
File ketluan.tex:
\chapter{Kt lun}
\label{ch:ketluan}
Nu bn ch mun lm vic vi chng Phng Php v chng Kt Qu bn ch cn t nhng lnh sau vo
phn khai bo.
\includeonly{phuongphap,ketqua}
Chng 4
Thay i phong cch ti liu
Bn c th nh ngha li \Chng, \mc thay i u ca trang trong ti liu. Nu bn mun thay i th
ti khuyn rng bn to mt file ring cho lp ti (class file) liu mi. lm vic ny c hai l do chnh: trc
ht, mt s lnh c lin quan s dng mt k t @ m n s thay i tnh nng ca n ty thuc vo vic n c
c dng trong mt lp hay gi lnh hay trong mt file vn bn thng thng, v th hai l nu bn t tt c cc
lnh trong ti liu gc ca bn, iu ny s quy ri b my kim tra chnh t hay b m t
1
.
Nh vy bn c nn to ra mt gi lnh hay mt class file hay khng? Cc gi lnh nn c thit k c
lp vi class file. Chng hn nh, gi lnh graphicx lm vic khng ph thuc vo vic bn c ang dng
report, article, slide class file hay khng. Nu lnh hay mi trng m bn mun nh ngha theo phong
cch ring ca mnh, khc so vi cc class file sn c th bn nn to mt class file mi da trn phong cch ti
liu m bn mun hng n. Cn nu bn mun nh ngha kiu trnh by chng mc mi v phong cch mi,
m n s c lp vi tt c cc phn cn li ca ti liu, th c ngha l n ph thuc vo class file. Do vy bn
nn to mt class file mi bng vic chnh sa file c, s tit kim c nhiu cng sc hn l to ra mt gi
lnh mi.
Hy xem v d di y. Nu bn mun to mt lp mi gi l mythesis bn cn to mt file gi l
mythesis.cls, v phn m u trong file ca bn s trng ging nh th ny:
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{mythesis}
K n bn phi xc nh c bn s lm g vi cc la chn trong file report. Khi m chng ta khng cn
nh ngha li bt c la chn no c sn trong file c nh ngha trc th n gin hy b qua cc la
chn trong report class file:
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}}
Sau khi tt c cc la chn c khai bo chng cn c x l:
\ProcessOptions
By gi lp report cn c np li:
\LoadClass{report}
dng cui cng trong file ca bn cn c lnh:
\endinput
Ni dung ca class file mi ny s c chn vo gia cc lnh \LoadClass{report} v \endinput. Sau
bn cn chnh sa li m ngun ca bn, file thesis.tex s dng class file mi c to ny.
\documentclass[a4paper]{mythesis}
6
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 7
Bng 4.1: Tn mc nh c in ra vi cc lnh tng ng
\contentsname Mc lc
\listfigurename Danh sch hnh nh
\listtablename Danh sch cc bng
\bibname Ti liu tham kho
\indexname Ch mc
\figurename Hnh
\tablename Bng
\partname Phn
\chaptername Chng
\appendixname Ph lc
\abstractname Tm tt ni dung
4.1 Ci bin i tng vn bn
Tp tin report nh ngha nhiu lnh m chng dng in ra cc t nh:Mc Lc,Chng,Ti liu tham
kho. Cc lnh ny v nhng gi tr mc nh ca chng c lit k trong Bng 4.1.
Gi s rng bn mun cc hnh nh v bng biu c gn nhn l H. v B. thay cho Hnh v Bng th bn c
th thm cc dng sau vo mythesis.cls:
\renewcommand{\figurename}{H.}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{B.}
4.2 Thay i u trang ca cc mc
Bn c th ty bin phong cch trnh by cho tiu trang trong tng chng mc bng cch nh ngha li cc
lnh tng ng \section, \subsection . . . dng lnh:
\@startsection{type}{level }{indent }{beforeskip}{afterskip}{style}
nh ngha
Su argument c ngha nh sau:
type Kiu sp xp cc mc trong ti liu. Mt trong s l: Mc chnh, mc ph th nht, mc ph
th 2, on vn chnh hoc on vn ph. (Ch khng c gch xin \)
level y l th t cc mc, c m t trong Bng 4.2.
indent y l di mt khong trng m ch u tin ca hng cch l tri ca trang.
beforeskip L gi tr tuyt i ca beforeskip xc nh khong cch theo chiu dc c cha ra trc tiu trang.
Nu beforeskip l m th on vn u tin theo sau tiu trang s khng di vo mt ch hng u tin.
afterskip Gi tr tuyt i ca afterskip xc nh khong cch theo chiu dc cha ra sau phn tiu trang. Nu
afterskip c gi tr m th vn bn theo sau lnh t tiu xut hin thng hng vi phn tiu trang.
style Argument style l cc khai bo c yu cu thit lp phong cch ca tiu trang. (v d \itshape tiu
trang s c in ch nghing.)
Gi s bn mun thay i tiu trang in ra font ch nghing bn c th lm nh sau:
\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection
{section}% % tn
{1}% % th t
{0mm}% % tht u dng
{-\baselineskip}% % trc khi cch
{0.5\baselineskip}% % sau khi cch
{\normalfont\large\itshape}} % kiu font
1
bit thm thng tin v b m t vn bn hy c ti liu hng dn ca class file cmpreprt
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 8
Bng 4.2: Th t cc mc
phn -1
chng 0
mc 1
mc con th nht 2
mc con th 2 3
on vn 4
on vn con 5
Tham kho A Guide to L
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X [2] c thm thng tin.
C mt b m gi l secnumdepth iu khin th t ca cc mc c nh s. Th t s tng ng vi
nhng g nu trong Bng 4.2. Theo mc nh th gi tr ny l 2, nn ch c cc phn, chng, mc v mc con
th nht c cc s lin i. Bn c th dng \setcounter thay i gi tr ca secnumdepth. V d nh
nu bn mun lnh \paragraph in ra mt s lm nh sau:
\settocounter{secnumdepth}{4}
4.3 Thay i tiu chng
Nu bn mun thay i phong cch ca tiu cho cc phn hay cc chng bn khng th dng lnh \@startsection.
Thay vo bn dng lnh \secdef. Nu bn np file report.cls vo trong editor ca bn, bn s thy rng
c hai lnh \part v \chapter dng \secdef. nh ngha v \chapter c dng sau:
\secdef\@chapter\@schapter
v \part c dng sau:
\secdef\@part\@spart
Argument u tin trong \secdef thng bo cho L
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X cn thc hin nhng g nu phin bn cha c nh
du sao c dng, v argument th hai thng bo cho L
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X cn lm g nu nh phin bn nh du sao c
s dng. Do vy lnh
\chapter{Gii thiu}
s dng lnh \@chapter, tri li lnh
\chapter*{Li cm n}
s dng lnh \@schapter. Lnh \@chapter v \@schapter dng ln lt cc lnh \@makechapterhead
v \@makeschapterhead, nh dng tiu chng, v nu bn mun thay i nh dng chng, bn cn
nh ngha li cc lnh \@makechapterhead v \@makeschapterhead. Cch d nht lm iu ny l
tm m ca nhng lnh ny trong report.cls v copy chng vo trong class file ca bn, mythesis,
cp trn, v chnh sa cc lnh nh dng thch hp.
V d, gi s rng bn mun c mt hng xut hin trn v di tiu chng v tiu s xut hin dng
ch in hoa nh (thng thng trn tiu trang, tn ca mc xut hin trang bn tri v tn chng xut hin
trang bn phi) bn lm nh sau:
\renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1]{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
\hrule % ng k ngang
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch theo chiu dc
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\huge\scshape \@chapapp\space \thechapter % nh s chng
\par\nobreak
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 9
\vskip 20\p@
\fi
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Huge \scshape #1\par % tiu chng
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\hrule % ng k ngang
\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\renewcommand{\@makeschapterhead}[1]{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright
\normalfont
\hrule % ng k ngang
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Huge \scshape #1\par % tiu chng
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\hrule % ng k ngang
\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
Bn c th download file mythesis.cls c nh km tt c cc v d trong chng ny.
4.4 Thm vo phn mc lc
Cc phin bn ca cc lnh nh s cc mc khng c thm phn mc lc iu ny c mc nh trc,
nhng bn vn c th thm vo, s dng:
\addcontentsline{file}{type}{vn bn}
nh ngha
file y l phn m rng ca file trong ni dung c ghi ln. Do vy y s l toc (table of contents) cho
phn mc lc cn lof (list of figures) l danh sch hnh nh v lot (list of tables) l danh sch cc bng.
type y l loi i tng bn a vo phn ni dung nh chng, mc, hnh nh.
text y l phn vn bn trong ni dung ti liu
Chng hn nh, mc ti liu tham kho c to ra bng vic dng cc phin bn nh du sao ca lnh
\chapter nn n khng cn thm vo phn mc lc na, bn c th tin hnh.
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}
B m tocdepth iu khin mc tht vo ca cc mc trong bng mc lc. Th t tng ng ca cc mc
c lit k Bng 4.2.
Class file report thit lp cho tocdepth nm th t s 2, c ngha l ch c cc phn, cc chng, mc v
mc nh s c thmvo bng mc lc. Bn c th dng lnh \setcounter thay i gi tr ca tocdepth.
Chng hn nh gn c mc con th 2, on vn v on vn con vo bng mc lc lm nh sau:
\setocounter{tocdepth}{5}
4.5 nh ngha mt phong cch dn trang mi
C hai phong cch dn trang c L
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nh ngha sn l empty v plain. Cc cch dn trang ny c th
c la chn bng cch dng mt trong hai lnh sau:
2
hu ht cc lass file chun bao gm report v nh ngha phong cch trang headings v myheadings
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 10
\pagestyle{style}
nh ngha
thay i phong cch trang t im ny cho n ht ti liu, hoc
\thispagestyle{style}
nh ngha
thay i cho mt trang xc nh no .
C hai lnh ny u gi lnh \ps@style thc hin cng vic, v cng chnh lnh ny nh ngha li cch hin
th ca header v footer
3
. Do \pagestyle{plain} gi lnh \ps@plain n lt gi cc lnh nh ngha
li header v footer, v \pagestyle{empty} gi lnh \ps@empty . . .
nh ngha mt phong cch trang mi m y chng ta gi l thesis, trc ht bn cn nh ngha mt
lnh c gi l \ps@thesis. K t khi tn lnh cha mt k t @, nh ngha cn nhp vo file phong cch
hay file lp ti liu.
Header v footer cho trang l v trang chn c th c xc nh bng vic nh ngha li cc lnh sau:
\@oddhead, \@evenhead, \@oddfoot v \@evenfoot.
Gi s rng bn mun trang mi c header rng v footer c cha s trang vi hai du gch ngang hai bn (v d
-10- ) chnh gia chn trang bn c th lm nh sau:
\newcommand{\ps@thesis}{
\renewcommand{\@oddhead}{}% header trng
\renewcommand{\@evenhead}{}% header trng
\renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}%
\renewcommand{\@evenfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}%
}
Ch rng khi bn dng mc nh la chn oneside cho class file report th ch c cc lnh \@oddhead v
\@oddfoot s c kch hot. Cn nu bn mun nh s trang chn v l khc nhau th bn phi nh l dng
la chn twoside
4
.
Bn cng c th ty bin phong cch trang bng cch s dng gi lnh fancyhdr ca Piet van Oostrum.
Tham kho thm A Guide to L
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X [2]. Tr khi bn c yu cu, cn khng ti khuyn bn dng phong cch
headings.
3
khi phi bn chc ai cng bit header v footer l g ri
4
nhng la chn k cc ny khng thch hp trong mt lun n
Chng 5
To danh mc cho ti liu tham kho
Khi bn son mt ti liu ln ging nh l lun n Tin S chng hn, ti tht s mun khuyn bn rng bn
dng BIBT
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X tt hn l nh danh sch ti liu tham kho trong mi trng thebibliography. Nu bn dng
BIBT
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X:
1. Ch nhng tham kho m bn trch dn c php cho vo trong danh sch thao kho. (Nhng ngi phn
bin hay bt li nhng ti liu tham kho khng c lit k.)
2. Cc ti liu tham kho c hin th theo phong cch nht qun.
3. Danh mc c th c t theo th t trch dn hay theo th t ca bng ch ci.
4. Phong cch trnh by c th d dng thay i bng cch dng cc file phong cch (sty file) khc nhau cho
mc ti liu tham kho.
C th bn xem qua v d Chng 2 c cc dng sau:
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
V lnh
\bibliographystyle{style}
nh ngha
xc nh rng trong trong file phong cch no ca BIBT
E
X (.bst) dng khng m khng m rng. V
d trn dng plain.bst v lnh
\bibliography{database}
nh ngha
xc nh c s d liu no c s dng. V d trn dng c s d liu trong file thesis.bib, y l file m
chng ta cn to. T khi ti liu hin ti khng c bt k mt lnh trch dn no \cite, v file thesis.bib
cha c to, do file DVI s khng c danh mc tham kho. C nhiu kiu trnh by danh mc ti liu tham
kho nhng nhng cch c bn l:
abbrv Danh mc c lu theo th t alphabe v tn ca tc gi c vit tt, k l ngy thng v tn tp
ch. Bn c th so snh qua nhng hnh nh nhng trang sau.
alpha Danh mc c lu tr theo th t alphabe vi trch dn l tn v h ca tc gi, v nm xut bn thay v
l s.
plain Danh mc c lu theo th t alphabe v trch dn theo s.
unsrt Danh mc c lu theo s trch dn m s trch dn th hin bng mt s.
11
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 12
Xem thm trong A Guide to L
A
T
E
X [2] hoc The L
A
T
E
X Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng phong cch
trnh by khc v Ti liu tham kho, hy tho lun vi gio vin hng dn ca bn v mt phong cch trnh by
c th no m bn nn dng.
Danh mc trong c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho nn c dng nh sau:
@Th loi danh mc{t kha,
vng in tn = "vn bn",
.
.
.
vng in tn = "vn bn"
}
trong loi danh mc xc nh th loi ca danh mc (v d book hoc article). Cc kiu danh mc chun c
lit k trang Bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1: Cc kiu danh mc BibTeX chun
article Bi bo t cc tp ch
book Sch xut bn
booklet Cc ti c in khng c xut bn
conference Tng t nh inproceedings
inbook Phn, chng, mc trong mt quyn sch
incollection Mt chng trong mt quyn sch c tc gi v tiu ring
inproceedings Mt bi bo co c lu trong bin bn ca mt hi ngh
manual Ti liu k thut
mastersthesis Lun n Thc S
misc Cng vic khng theo qui nh chun
phdthesis Lun n Tin S
proceedings Bin bn hi ngh
techreport Bo co c xut bn bi trung tm nghin cu
unpublished Ti liu khng xut bn nhng c tc gi v tiu
Trong mt danh mc, t kha l mt ci nhn ngn c dng trch dn vi lnh \cite. Nu bn vit cc
ti liu tham kho vi mi trng thebibliography v n c cng argument vi \bibitem. Sau c mt
du phy phn cch cc tn trong vng in tn, vng in tn = vn bn. Vng in tn xc nh tn ca
vn bn v d nh tiu , tc gi. Bng 5.2 lit k cc dng chun. Ch rng mt s kiu danh mc ti
liu tham kho c th nh ngha thm mt s mc khng chun nh email hay url. Xem A Guide to L
A
T
E
X [2]
hoc The L
A
T
E
X Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng kiu khng c lit k trong Bng 5.2.
Cc vng yu cu hay la chn cho cc kiu danh mc chun c lit k trong Bng 5.3. Nu danh mc c
mt mc va l mc la chn va l mc bt buc th BIBT
E
X s b qua. iu ny c ngha l bn c th c mt
phn gi l tm tt ni dung ti liu, v phn ny s c b qua bi phong cch ln danh sch ti
liu tham kho chun, nhng n cng s c ln danh sch nu bn dng kiu trnh by danh sch ti liu tham
kho c mc cho phn tm tt ni dung ti liu. Do bn c th lu tr thm thng tin trong phn
c s d liu m n s khng xut hin trong danh mc ti liu tham kho.
Tn ca cc tc gi thng c nhp vo theo cc nh dng sau:
tn thnh von h
von h, tn thnh
von h, jr, tn thnh
V d:
Danh mc Output ( kiu vit tt )
"Alex Thomas von Neumann" A.T. von Neumann
"John Chris {Smith Jones}" J.C. Smith Jones
"van de Klee, Mary-Jane" M.-J. van de Klee
"Smith, Jr, Fred John" F.J. Smith, Jr
"Maria {\uppercase{d}e La} Cruz" M. De La Cruz
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 13
Bng 5.2: Cc mc chun trong BiBTeX
address a ch ca nh xut bn hay trung tm nghin cu
author Tn ca cc tc gi
booktitle Tiu ca sch, y l phn trch dn vo trong danh sc cc ti liu tham kho
chapter Chng hay cc mc c nh s
edition n bn ca sch
howpublished Nhng ti liu khng chun c xut bn nh th no
institution n v ti tr cho vic nghin cu
journal Tn ca tp ch
month Thng m ti liu c xut bn
note Cc thng tin b sung
number S pht hnh ca tp ch, cc bo co khoa hc
organization T chc ti tr cho hi ngh
pages S trang hay khong trang
publisher Tn ca nh xut bn
school Trung tm hay khoa nghin cu ni m ti c thc hin
series Tn ca cc lnh vc kho st
title Tn ti nghin cu
type Th loi ca bo co khoa hc
volume S ra ca ti liu
Bng 5.3: Cc mc yu cu v la chn
Loi danh mc Cc mc yu cu Cc mc la chn
article tc gi, tiu , tp ch, nm tp, thng, ch thch, s ra, trang
book tc gi hoc ngi hiu nh,
tiu , nh xut bn, nm
a ch, n bn, tp hay s ra,
thng, ch thch, trang, th loi
booklet tiu tc gi, a ch, xut bn th
no, thng, ch gii, nm
inbook tc gi hoc ngi bin tp,
chng hoc trang, tiu , nh
xut bn, nm
a ch, n bn, tp hay s ra,
thng, ch gii, th loi, kiu
incollection tc gi, tiu , tiu sch,
nh xut bn, nm
a ch, chng, ngi bin tp,
n bn, tp hoc s ra, thng, ch
thch, trang, th loi, kiu
inproceedings tc gi, tiu , tn sch, nm a ch, ngi bin tp, tp hoc
s ra, thng, ch thch, tn t
chc, trang, nh xut bn, th
loi, kiu
manual tiu tc gi, a ch, n bn, thng,
ch thch, tn t chc, nm
mastersthesis tc gi, tiu , trng, nm a ch, thng, ch thch, kiu
misc tc gi, xut bn th no, thng,
ch thch, tiu , nm
phdthesis tc gi, tiu , trng, nm a ch, thng, ch thch, loi
proceedings tiu , nm ngi bin tp, tn t chc,
a ch, tp hoc s ra, th loi,
thng, nh xut bn, ch thch
techreport tc gi, tiu , trung tm
nghin cu, nm
kiu, s ra, a ch, thng, ch
thch
unpublished tc gi, tiu , ch thch thng, nm
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 14
So snh v d trc vi: "Maria De La Cruz" m n s in ra: M. D. L. Cruz, l khng ng.
Cc tc gi nn tch ring bng t kha and (v). Di y l mt v d dng danh mc book:
@book{goossens97,
author (tc gi) = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian v
Mittelbach, Frank",
title (tiu ) = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion:
Cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}",
publisher (nh xut bn) = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc",
year (nm) = 1997
}
Trong v d ny th t kha l goossens97, do bn c th trch dn danh mc vi lnh \cite{goossens97}.
Phong cch trnh by danh sch ti liu tham kho thng chuyn tiu sang ch thng v tn PostScript th
c t trong ngoc mc v n s khng b chuyn sang ch thng.
Ch rng ngoc mc {} c th dng thay cho du trch dn i . V d trn c vit li n gin hn:
@book{goossens97,
author (tc gi) = {Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and
Mittelbach, Frank},
title (tiu ) = {The \LaTeX\ graphics companion:
cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}},
year (nh xut bn) = {Addison Wesley Longman, Inc},
year (nm) = 1997
}
Cc s nh nm 1997 khng cn t trong gii hn vi du trch dn hay ngoc mc. Do bn c
pages (trang) = 10
nhng khong trang cng cn c vit ra:
pages = "10--45"
Cc kiu trnh by ti liu tham kho lun dng ba ch ci vit tt dng cho thng: jan = thng1, feb
= thng2, mar = thng3 . . . Cc ch vit tt nn c dng thay v g y tn ca chng, v cc nh
dng ca chng ph thuc vo mi phong cch nh dng danh sch ti liu tham kho. Cc ch vit tt nn c
in vo m khng c du trch dn:
@inproceedings{talbot97,
author = "Talbot, Nicola and Cawley, Gavin",
title = " Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh v
d liu hnh nh cho vector robust lng t ha",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh
Quc t v x l hnh nh",
address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA",
month = oct,
year = 1997
}
Sau y l mt v d v mt c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho ( bn c th download v d ny trong cc
file m ti nh km vi file ngun ca ti liu Vit Ng, nu mun bn mun xem:
@book{goossens97,
author = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and
Mittelbach, Frank",
title = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion: Ti liu
minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}",
publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc",
year = 1997
}
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 15
@inproceedings{talbot97,
author = "Talbot, Nicola L. C. and Cawley, Gavin C.",
title = "Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v
d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh
Quc t v x l hnh nh",
address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA",
month = oct,
year = 1997
}
@article{cawley96,
author = "Cawley, Gavin C. and Talbot, Nicola L. C.",
title = "Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector
lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu",
journal = "I.E.E. Electronic Letters",
number = 15,
volume = 32,
pages = "1343--1344",
month = jul,
year = 1996
}
@incollection{wainwright93,
author = "Wainwright, Robert B.",
title = "c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam",
booktitle = "\emph{Clostridium botulinum}: Sinh thi
v kim sot thc phm",
chapter = 12,
pages = "305--322",
editor = "Hauschild, Andreas H. W. and Dodds,
Karen L.",
publisher = "Marcel Dekker, Inc",
year = 1993
}
Khi bn son c s d liu cho danh sch cc ti liu tham kho, trc bn cn bin dch ti liu ca bn
sau pht lnh gi BIBT
E
X ri bin dch li ti liu hai ln cp nht cc tham chiu cho. Nu bn dng
T
E
XnicCenter,T
E
Xmaker hoc LaTeX editor version 1.2.1 Builde 20050116 Shu Shen (c) 2004-2005 sau khi bin
dch ti liu bn c th click vo menu con BiBTeX gi BIBT
E
X. Trong T
E
XnicCenter khi to project mi
bn c th click ln la chn Uses BiBTeX th chng trnh s t gi BIBT
E
X khi bn click ln icon Build. Nu
bn dng ch dng lnh bn cn g vo nh sau:
latex thesis % bin dch ln 1
bibtex thesis % chy BiBTeX
latex thesis % bin dch ln 2
latex thesis % bin dch ln 3
Ch rng lc ny bn ang ch nh file ph tr trong khi gi BIBT
E
X. Bn c th c mt c s d liu v danh
sch tham kho m n c mt ci tn khc vi file L
A
T
E
X khi gi chng trnh BIBT
E
X. V d, nu lun vn ca
bn c lu trong file thesis.tex, v c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho c lu trong file ref.bib th
bn vn cn cng vic lm.
latex thesis % bin dch ln mt
bibtex thesis % chy BiBTeX
latex thesis % bin dch ln 2
latex thesis % bin dch ln 3
Tht ra bn c th nhn c s d liu tam kho ln. Gi s rng ti liu tham kho c nh ngha trong cc file
ref1.bib v ref2.bib, sau bn cn hai lnh \bibliography trong file thesis.tex:
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 16
\bibliography{ref1}
\bibliography{ref2}
M t v s khc bit v phong cnh trnh by danh sch cc ti liu tham kho c th hin trong cc
Hnh 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 v 5.7. Ch rng kiu trnh by ti liu tham kho apalike cn c gi lnh
apalike. bin dch ch tiu Biolography sang ting Vit bn phi dng Notepad++ t ch encode
l Encode in UTF8 chuyn Biolography sang ting vit trong file apalike.sty, khi chnh sa xong, lu
file ri bin dch li ti liu.
5.1 Cc tham chiu ngc
Gi lnh backref c cung cp vi gi hyperref s t mt du phy ngn cch cc mc, s trang trn
nhng trang m ti trch dn ra cui mi mc trong danh sch tham kho. Mi ti liu tham kho trong mi
trng thebibliography phi c ngn cch bng mt hng trng, nhng thng thng th BIBT
E
X t ng
thc hin iu ny, bn ch phi lo lng v iu ny nu bn to mi trng thebibliography m khng c s
h tr ca BIBT
E
X. Cc s s c mc nh cho vic nh s cc mc ni m cc lnh \cite tng ng c p
dng, nhng iu ny c th thay i s trang bi vic b qua chn la pagebackref cho gi lnh backref
(hoc gi lnh hyperref nu bn dng n).
Gi lnh backrefx m rng gi backref v cung cp vn bn b sung chng hn nh: (Trch dn trn trang
1, 4 v 10). Cc lnh ny lun sn c chnh sa vn bn c to ra. Phong cch ca danh sch ti liu tham
kho output c minh ha trong phn dnh cho ti liu tham kho ca ti liu ny.
5.2 Cc li thng gp
BIBT
E
X vit mi trng thebibliography cho mt file .bbl. Nu bn gy mt li trong file .bib,
th li ny s c copy vo file .bbl. Cn nu bn sa li trong file .bib, nhng bn vn gp li
trong khi bin dch ti liu, th xa file .bbl i.
Hy nh dng du trch dn kp hoc ngoc mc gii hn ni in tn trong file .bib.
Hy nh t mt du phy cui mi vng in tn ngoi tr l dng cui cng.
Phi chc rng bn ch dng ch ci v cc ch s trong phn t kha.
K hiu ch thch (%) trong L
A
T
E
X khng cn l mt k hiu ch thch trong file .bib file.
Nu bn in tn vo cc khu vc in tn trong file .bib nhng n khng xut hin trong danh mc tham
kho, th phi kim tra li vng in tn l yu cu hay la chn cho kiu danh mc ang s dng.
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 17
Ti liu tham kho
[1] G. C. Cawley and N. L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng t
ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters, 32(15):13431344,
July 1996.
[2] M. Goossens, S. Rahtz, and F. Mittelbach. The L
A
T
E
X graphics companion: Ti
liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
[3] N. L. C. Talbot and G. C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d
liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E.
Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA, Oct.
1997.
[4] R. B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam.
In A. H. W. Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh
thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc,
1993.
Hnh 5.1: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu abbrv
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 18
Ti liu tham kho
[1] CAWLEY, G. C., AND TALBOT, N. L. C. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector
lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters 32, 15 (July
1996), 13431344.
[2] GOOSSENS, M., RAHTZ, S., AND MITTELBACH, F. The L
A
T
E
X graphics com-
panion: Ti liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc, 1997.
[3] TALBOT, N. L. C., AND CAWLEY, G. C. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch
s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the
I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh (Santa Barbara, California, USA,
Oct. 1997).
[4] WAINWRIGHT, R. B. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min
nam. In Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, A. H. W.
Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993, ch. 12, pp. 305
322.
Hnh 5.2: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu acm
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 19
Ti liu tham kho
[CT96] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh
cho vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic
Letters, 32(15):13431344, July 1996.
[GRM97] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The L
A
T
E
X
graphics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
[TC97] Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh
ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceed-
ings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara,
California, USA, October 1997.
[Wai93] Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng
min nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors,
Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12,
pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
Hnh 5.3: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu alpha
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 20
Ti liu tham kho
[1] M. Goossens, S. Rahtz, and F. Mittelbach, The L
A
T
E
X graphics companion: Ti
liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
[2] N. L. C. Talbot and G. C. Cawley, Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d
liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha, in Proceedings of the I.E.E.E.
Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, (Santa Barbara, California, USA), Oct.
1997.
[3] G. C. Cawley and N. L. C. Talbot, Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng
t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu, I.E.E. Electronic Letters, vol. 32, pp. 1343
1344, July 1996.
[4] R. B. Wainwright, c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min
nam, in Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm (A. H. W.
Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, eds.), ch. 12, pp. 305322, Marcel Dekker, Inc,
1993.
Hnh 5.4: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu ieeetr
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 21
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho
vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters,
32(15):13431344, July 1996.
[2] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The L
A
T
E
X graphics
companion: Ti liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley Long-
man, Inc, 1997.
[3] Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch
s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the
I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA,
October 1997.
[4] Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min
nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium
botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322.
Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
Hnh 5.5: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu plain
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 22
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The L
A
T
E
X graph-
ics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc, 1997.
[2] Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch
s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the
I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA,
October 1997.
[3] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho
vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters,
32(15):13431344, July 1996.
[4] Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min
nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium
botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322.
Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
Hnh 5.6: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu unsrt
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAMKHO 23
Ti liu tham kho
Cawley, G. C. and Talbot, N. L. C. (1996). Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vec-
tor lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters,
32(15):13431344.
Goossens, M., Rahtz, S., and Mittelbach, F. (1997). The L
A
T
E
X graphics compan-
ion: Ti liu minh ha vi T
E
X v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc.
Talbot, N. L. C. and Cawley, G. C. (1997). Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s
v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the
I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Wainwright, R. B. (1993). c t t nhng thc phmkmcht lng min nam.
In Hauschild, A. H. W. and Dodds, K. L., editors, Clostridium botulinum:
Sinh thi v kimsot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker,
Inc.
Hnh 5.7: Trnh by ti liu tham kho kiu apalike; yu cu gi apalike
Chng 6
nh dng
6.1 Khong trng kp
Khong trng kp thng khng c chp nhn trong th gii ca phng php sp ch hin i, tuy nhin
n thng l mt yu cu khi bn vit mt lun n Tin S v n cho php ngi chm c ch ghi nhn xt.
Khong trng kp c th thu c bng cch dng mt trong hai mi trng spacing c nh ngha trong gi
doublespace hoc bng cch nh ngha li gi tr ca \baselinestretch. Gi tr ny ph thuc vo kch
c font ch (xem bng Table 6.1). tr v li ch khong trng n, t cho \baselinestretch gi tr
l 1.
Bng 6.1: Gi tr khong trng kp cho \baselinestretch
Kch c font 10pt 11pt 12pt
\baselinestretch 1.67 1.62 1.66
Do vy nu bn dng c ch l 12pt, th bn s cn dng sau y:
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.66}
6.2 Thay i trang tiu
Phong cch trang tiu c to bi lnh \maketitle c th khng ph hp vi qui nh ca cc trng i
Hc, nu gp phi vn ny th bn nn chuyn qua dng mi trng titlepage.
V d:
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
\vspace*{1in}
{\LARGE Mt V D Mu v Lun n Tin S}
\par
\vspace{1.5in}
{\large Tn ca Bn}
\par
\vfill
Lun n Tin S Ha Hc
\par
\vspace{0.5in}
Trung Tm Tnh Ton Ha Hc L Thuyt
\par
\vspace{0.5in}
i Hc Quc Gia, Tp. HCM
\par
\vspace{0.5in}
24
CHNG 6. NH DNG 25
Thng 10 nm 2005
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
Kt qu output c minh ha trong Hnh 6.1.
Tham vn gio vin hng dn ca bn v nh dng ca trang tiu c yu cu nh th no.
6.3 Trch dn vn bn u vo ca L
A
T
E
X
C i khi bn mun trch dn vn bn m n gi nguyn dng th nh khi bn nhp ngun vo editor. V d bn
mun gn mt on m ca my tnh vo ti liu. iu ny c th thc hin bng mi trng verbatim.
\begin{verbatim}
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"};
return 1;
}
\end{verbatim}
cho ra dng output nh sau:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"};
return 1;
}
Ni dung ca mt file cng c th c trch dn nguyn bn s dng lnh
\verbatiminput{tn file}
nh ngha
c nh ngha trong gi lnh verbatim . V d:
\verbatiminput{chem.tex}
th trong chem.tex l tn ca file (nh dng gch xin sau / lm phn cch cc th mc).
Ch : Khng thch hp c nhiu vn bn kiu ny trong lun n ca bn. iu c th lm cho nhng
ngi chm bc mnh, nu nh bn nh km tng trang ca cc on m ca lun n lm cho ti liu giy hn
(bn tham lam qu) th cng khng la c my ngi chm u. Nu bn mun nh km cc on m cn thit
hy tham vn vi gio vin ca bn (cng ng cu x my trang c cha cc on m ngun y, chng s khng
thng cm vi bn cht no u) xem c thch hp nh km chng hay khng.
6.4 Mi trng tabbing
Tab l g? Xin tha Tab tn ca mt phm trn bn phm. Trong cc ng dng nh x l bng tnh nh Excel,
Quarto Pro, Statgraphic Plus, Multisimplex . . . Phm ny c tc dng di chuyn con tr t ny sang khc. Hay
trong cc chng trnh x l vn bn nh Ms Word, Open Office, Word perfect, AbiWord v thm ch phm ny
cng c hiu lc trong cc editor m bn ang dng nhp ngun cho lun n . . . . Phm ny c tc dng di
chuyn con tr theo mt khong cch xc nh v bn phi, v khong cch ny c mc nh hay do ngi dng
CHNG 6. NH DNG 26
V D Mu v Lun n Tin S
Tn ca Bn
Lun n Tin S Ha Hc
Trung Tm Tnh Ton Ha Hc L Thuyt
i Hc Quc Gia, Tp. H Ch Minh
Thng 10 nm 2005
Hnh 6.1: V d v trang Tiu
CHNG 6. NH DNG 27
thit lp sn. Mi trng tabbing cho php bn to cc im dng tab do bn c th tab n mt khong
cch mc nh no t l tri. Trong mi trng tabbing bn c th dng lnh \= mc nh im dng tab,
v lnh \> nhy n im dng k tip, v lnh \< di chuyn ngc li im dng trc , \+ di l tri
sang phi mt tab v lnh \- di l tri sang tri mt tab, lnh \\ s bt u mt dng mi v \kill dng
thit lp bt c im dng tab trong dng hin ti nhng n khng t ng sp hng.
V d:
1. y l v d u tin t ra ba im dng tab:
\begin{tabbing}
Zero \=Mt \=Hai \=Ba\\
\>im dng tab u tin\\
\>A\>\>B\\
\>\>im dng tab th 2
\end{tabbing}
N cho ra output nh sau:
Zero Mt Hai Ba
im dng tab th nht
A B
im dng tab th 2
2. y l v d th 2 thit lp 4 im dng tab, nhng n b qua dng u tin:
\begin{tabbing}
AAA \=BBBB \=XX \=YYYYYY \=Z \kill
\>\>\>im dng tab th 3\\
\>a \>\>b \>c
\end{tabbing}
Cho ra output nh sau:
im dng tab th 3
a b c
6.5 Cc nh l v thut ton
Mt lun n Tin S thng cha cc nh l, b v cc nh ngha . . . Nhng cu trc ny thng c to ra
nh lnh
\newtheorem{type}{tiu }[b m vng ngoi]
nh ngha
trong type l kiu cu trc ti liu ca bn (v d nh l), tiu l t c in m dng u ca cu trc
(v d: nh l) v nu c mt argument la chn b m vng ngoi, th b m ca cu trc s da trn b
m vng ngoi (nh trong b argument la chn \newcounter).
Bn nn nh ngha nh l mi ca ca bn trong phn preamble hay trong mt gi lnh hoc trong class file.
Khi bn nh ngha nh l mi ca bn, mt mi trng mi c to ra theo tn ca kiu cu trc. Mi trng
ny c mt argument la chn m bn c th dng nh r mt u cho cu trc.
V d:
CHNG 6. NH DNG 28
1. nh ngha mt cu trc nh l. B m ca cu trc ny khng ph thuc vo b m ca cu trc khc:
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}
\begin{theorem}
Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi
vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt
gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector
ring $\vec{\xi}$.
\end{theorem}
Cho ra output nh sau:
nh l 1 Nu l mt gi tr ring ca B vi vector ring , th
n
l mt gi tr ring ca B
n
vi vector ring
.
(Xem thm L
A
T
E
X for Complete Novices [5] nu bn khng bit nh ngha li lnh \vec vector xut
hin di dng in m).
2. Trong v d ny, nh l c nh ngha ph thuc trn b m ca chng. B m nh l s c xc
lp li mi ln bt u mt chng mi:
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter]
\begin{theorem}
Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi
vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt
gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$.
\end{theorem}
s cho ra output:
nh l 6.1 Nu l mt gi tr ring Bvi vector ring , th
n
l mt gi tr ring ca B
n
vi vector ring .
3. Trong v d ny, nh l c gn cho mt nhn:
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter]
\begin{theorem}[Cc ly tha vector ring]
Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi
vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt
gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$.
\end{theorem}
s cho ra output:
nh l 6.1 (Cc ly tha vector ring) Nu l mt gi tr ring ca B vi vector ring , th
n
l mt gi
tr ring ca B
n
vi vector ring .
CHNG 6. NH DNG 29
4. Trong v d ny, mt cu trc thut ton c to ra. Lnh \hfill\par c dng ngn chn mi
trng tabbing t vic nhy vo trong tiu ca thut ton.
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton}
\begin{algorithm}[Thut ton Gauss-Seidel ]
\hfill\par
\begin{tabbing}
1. \=Cho $k=1$ n s ln nht ca cc vng lp\\
\>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\
\>\>Set
\begin{math}
x_i^{(k)} =
\frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)}
-\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}%
{a_{ii}}
\end{math}
\\
\>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$,
trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
\end{tabbing}
\end{algorithm}
S cho ra output sau:
Gii thut 1 ( Gii thut Gauss-Seidel )
1. Cho k = 1 n s ln nht ca cc vng lp
2. Cho i = 1 n n
Set x
(k)
i
=
b
i

P
i1
j=1
a
ij
x
(k)
j

P
n
j=i+1
a
ij
x
(k1)
j
a
ii
3. Nu x
(k)
x
(k1)
< , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
V d trn trong khng ng, cc thut gii c xu hng hin th kiu font ch thng ng ch khng phi l
ch in nghing. Gi lnh asmthm m rng chc nng ca lnh \newtheorem v cung cp ba kiu nh
l:
plain Tiu v s dng in m, thn vn bn c in nghing (mc nh).
definition Tiu v s dng in m, thn vn bn dng font thng thng.
remark Tiu v s dng in nghing, thn vn bn dng font thng thng.
V v d trn c th chuyn qua:
CHNG 6. NH DNG 30
\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton}
\begin{algorithm}[Thut Ton Gauss-Seidel ]
\hfill\par
\begin{tabbing}
1. \=Cho $k=1$ n s ln nht ca cc vng lp\\
\>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\
\>\>Set
\begin{math}
x_i^{(k)} =
\frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)}
-\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}%
{a_{ii}}
\end{math}
\\
\>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$,
trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
\end{tabbing}
\end{algorithm}
S cho output nh sau:
Thut ton 1 (Thut ton Gauss-Seidel )
1. Cho k = 1 n s ln nht ca cc vng lp
2. Cho i = 1 n n
Set x
(k)
i
=
b
i

P
i1
j=1
a
ij
x
(k)
j

P
n
j=i+1
a
ij
x
(k1)
j
a
ii
3. Nu x
(k)
x
(k1)
< , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
(Bn c th download thesis7.tex lm v d.)
Mt la chn khc l nu bn mun cc gii thut hin th nh cc hnh v cc bng bn c th dng lnh
\newfloat c nh ngha trong gi lnh float (ca Anselm Lingnau):
\newfloat{type}{placement }{ext }[outer counter ]
nh ngha
trong type l tn mi ca float ca bn, placement l b sp xp mc nh (t, b, p v h), ext l phn m
rng cho danh sch ca type v nh cp, s c mt ca b m xc nh rng b m c lin quan n float
mi ph thuc vo b m vng ngoi.
Bn cng c th nh r phong cch mi cho cc float mi ca bn bng lnh:
\floatstyle{style}
nh ngha
trc khi nh ngha float mi ca bn, trong style c th l mt trong nhng:
plain Ging nh cc mi trng chun figure v table float, ngoi tr nhn t cui mi float.
boxed Thn ca float c t trong hp, v u th c in ra di ci hp y.
ruled u c in bn trn vi hai ng k trn v di n v c thm mt ng k na cui float.
Tn lin quan n mt float c nh ngha bng lnh sau:
\tn ca float{type}{tn}
nh ngha
trong type l tn ca mi trng float (c nh ngha trong \newfloat) v tn l tn nh vi float .
CHNG 6. NH DNG 31
danh sch ca type c th c to ra bng lnh sau:
\danh sch{type}{tiu }
nh ngha
Do vy thay v nh ngha mi trng algorithm dng \newtheorem, chng ta c th nh ngha n dng
\newfloat nh di y:
\floatstyle{ruled}
\newfloat{algorithm}{htbp}{loa}
\floatname{algorithm}{Thut ton}
\begin{algorithm}
\caption{ Thut ton Gauss-Seidel }
\label{alg:GS}
\begin{tabbing}
1. \=Cho $k=1$ n cc vng lp ln nht\\
\>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\
\>\>Set
\begin{math}
x_i^{(k)} =
\frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)}
-\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}{a_{ii}}
\end{math}
\\
\>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$,
trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
\end{tabbing}
\end{algorithm}
S cho ra output nh sau:
Thut ton 1 Thut ton Gauss-Seidel
1. Cho k = 1 n cc vng lp ln nht
2. Cho i = 1 n n
Set x
(k)
i
=
b
i

P
i1
j=1
a
ij
x
(k)
j

P
n
j=i+1
a
ij
x
(k1)
j
a
ii
3. Nu x
(k)
x
(k1)
< , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
Dng sau y c th i sau cc hnh nh v cc bng:
\listof{algorithm}{Danh sch cc thut ton}
(Bn c th download thesis8.tex lm mt v d.)
Chng 7
To ch mc v danh sch cc thut ng
Chng ta c th d dng to mt Ch mc hoc bng tra cu thut ng (danh sch cc thut ng) bng L
A
T
E
X v
bng chng trnh ng dng makeindex. Mt tng rt hay nu bn a danh sch cc thut ng vo trong
mt lun n, c bit l nu c cc cng thc ton hc trong ti liu ca bn, v cc k hiu c th c gii thch
bng nhiu cch khc nhau. V d, x

c th c ngha l
dx
dt
hoc n c th c ngha l mt gi tr cp nht ca
x, (hoc n c th l hon v ca x, nhng trong trng hp ny x nn c nh dng nh mt vector). Khng c
g khn ngoan gi s rng ngi c dng k hiu nh bn. Do vy nn nh km mt bng ch mc vo trong
mt lun n, tuy nhin, the L
A
T
E
X users guide [3] pht biu rng bt c ti khng h cu no di hn hai mi
trang phi c mt bng ch mc. Nu bn ch quan tm n vic to ra mt bng danh sch cc thut ng, ti ngh
rng bn vn cn mun c cch lm th no to mt bng ch mc, danh sch cc thut ng v ch mc chng
c dng tng t sau:
7.1 To ch mc
Nu bn mun to mt ch mc, bn s cn n lnh \makeindex trong phn khai bo (preamble). Lnh
\index{entry (danh mc)}
nh ngha
c dng lp bng ch dn entry mt im no trong ti liu. V d, on m sau:
Cc vector ring\index{vector ring} c nh ngha \ldots
s cho ra output
Cc vector ring c nh ngha . . .
v t danh mc vector ring trong file .idx file vi s trang lin kt.
Gi lnh makeidx cung cp lnh \printindex m n c t trong ti liu ni m bn mun in ra ch mc.
Lnh \makeindex s lm cho mi lnh \index ghi mt thng tin xc thc ln file .idx. File ny s c
x l bi chng trnh makeindex to ra mt file .ind cha mt mi trng theindex. Sau file ny
c c bi lnh \printindex vo ln bin dch ti liu ti. Nu bn dng TeXnicCenter bn s cn chn
uses makeindex khi bn to mt project mi, cn nu bn dng ch dng lnh bn cn lm nh sau:
latex filename.tex
makeindex filename.idx
latex filename.tex
(trong filename tn file ca ti liu bn ang son, v d thesis) Nu bn cng ang dng BIBT
E
X, bn
cn tin hnh:
32
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 33
latex filename.tex
bibtex filename
makeindex filename.idx
latex filename.tex
latex filename.tex
Tht l mt tng hay to cc sub-entries (danh mc con) trong bng ch mc, nhm gip ngi c d
dng tra cu. V d, bn mun lp danh mc thut ng matrix (ma trn), nhng ti liu ca bn li cp n
nhiu loi ma trn khc nhau nh, ma trn cho, khi v ma trn cng tuyn. Trong trng hp ny th tt nht ch
lp danh mc t matrix lm t tng qut, v c mt danh mc con cho cc loi ma trn ring bit do vy danh
mc cho t matrix c to ra s nhn ging nh th ny.
ma trn, 4, 10, 2224
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Mt danh mc con c th c to ra dng k t !. Nn danh mc nu trn c to ra dng cc lnh sau:
Preamble (phn khai bo u ti liu): \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn}
Trang 23: \index{ma trn}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc vn bn: \printindex
Ch rng cng cc danh mc trn cc trang 22, 23 v 24 c chuyn thnh mt khong 2224. i vi cc
khong ln hn bn c th ch nh trang bt u ca khong bng cch gn |( vo ch cui ca danh mc trong
ch mc, gn vo trang cui ca khong trang bng |) vi phn cui ca ch mc. V d:
Phn khai bo: \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn|(}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 30: \index{ma trn|)}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc ti liu: \printindex
s cho ra trong output ca index nh sau:
ma trn, 4, 10, 2230
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Mt danh sch ch mc c th truy vn n mt danh mc khc dng |see{reference}. V d,
\index{Ma trn cng tuyn|xem{ma trn, cng tuyn}}
s to ra danh mc
ma trn cng tuyn, xem ma trn, cng tuyn
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 34
nh dng ca s trang c th thay i s dng |style trong style l tn ca lnh nh dng m khng c gch
xin backslash. Gi nh rng trong v d trn, nh ngha ca mt ma trn c xc nh trn trang 10, v do
bn c th mun s trang xut hin dng in m xc nh rng y l phn tham kho s cp. Lnh \textbf
s in ra ch in m, nn bn cn gn lnh \textbf vo danh mc trong ch mc. V d, on m sau:
Khai bo: \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn|textbf}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn|(}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 30: \index{ma trn|)}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc ti liu: \printindex
s in ra output trong index (ch mc) nh sau:
ma trn, 4, 10, 2230
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Chng trnh makeindex sp xp ch mc theo danh mc c xc nh, do t matrix (ma trn) s
ng trc t modulus, nhng $mud$ s c sp xp trn cc k t $, \, m, u v sau l $, nn s ng
trc matrix. iu ny c th khng thch hp, do vy c th xc nh cch sp xp ch mc ring bit dng k
t @:
\index{mu@$\mu$}
Trong trng hp ny vic sp xp c thc hin trn chui mu, nn n s xut hin sau t modulus, nhng n
s xut hin trong ch mc l . bit thm thng tin v cch to ch mc bn hy c the L
A
T
E
X users guide [3],
The L
A
T
E
X Companion [1] hoc A Guide to L
A
T
E
X [2].
7.1.1 Nhng vng mc thng gp
Ch mc ca ti khng xut hin.
1. Phi chc chn rng bn dng lnh \printindex v tr m bn mun ch mc c in ra (lnh
ny c nh ngha trong gi makeidx).
2. Phi chc chn rng bn dng lnh \makeindex trong preamble.
3. Bn phi bin dch ti liu bng L
A
T
E
X ri sau chy makeindex, ri bin dch li ti liu ca bn
mt ln na.
Ti mun a k t @, ! hoc | vo trong ch mc nhng khng thy u c.
Nu bn mun a nhng k t ny vo ch mc bn cn b cc k t ny vo du trch dn kp . V d:
\index{"@}
s a k t @ vo ch mc.
Ti c nhiu danh mc trong mt mc. V d:
matrix, 10, 22-30
matrix, 4
Kim tra xem argument bn dng cho mi lnh \index tng ng phi cng mt argument, ch khong
trng v lnh makeindex s x l cc danh mc sau theo nhng cch khc nhau:
\index{matrix}
\index{ matrix}
\index{matrix }
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 35
7.2 To mt bng ch gii thut ng
C sn mt s gi lnh h tr vic to mt bng ch gii thut ng (glossary), l cc gi makeglos (tng
t nh cc gi lnh makeidx), glossary, glosstex v gloss. Hai gi u dng L
A
T
E
X dng kt hp vi
makeindex, gi th 3 (glosstex) dng L
A
T
E
X kt hp vi makeindex v glosstex trong khi gi th
t (gloss) dng L
A
T
E
X kt hp vi BIBT
E
X. Ti liu ny ch m t v makeglos v glossary, chng c dng
tng t nh makeidx. Nu bn quan tm n cc gi lnh khc bn nn c cc ti liu nh km.
Mt bng ch gii thut ng cng c to ra ging nh cch to ra mt ch mc, ngoi tr bn dng lnh
\makeglossary thay v dng \makeindex v dng lnh \glossary thay cho \index. C hai gi lnh
makeglos v glossary cung cp lnh \printglossary, tng t nh \printindex.
7.2.1 Gi lnh makeglos
Xem xt v d sau:
Khai bo : \makeglossary
Trang 2 : \glossary{tp hp: mt b su tp cc i tng}
Trang 3 : \glossary{phn t: s i tng trong mt tp hp}
Trang 4 : \glossary{tp hp hn tp: cha mi th}
Bin dch ti liu ny s to ra mt file vi tn m rng .glo cha thng tin chi tit v bng ch gii thut ng.
Bn c th dng chng trnh makeindex x l nhng danh mc trong bng ny, nhng bn cn iu chnh
mt cht.
1. Bn cn to mt makeindex style file (file phong cch) mi m n thng bo cho makeindex tm kim
\danh mc thut ng thay v \danh mc trong ch mc, v to mi trng theglossary
thay cho mi trng theindex. Hy gi makeindex style file mi ny l thesisglo.ist. u tin
chng ta cn t t kha "\\glossaryentry":
t ka "\\glossaryentry"
by gi chng ta cn thay i khai bo sang "\\begin{theglossary}\n" v phn khai bo ph tr
"\n\n\\end{theglossary}\n":
khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n"
khai bo ph tr "\n\n\\end{theglossary}\n"
By gi chng ta cn thng bo cho makeindex dng phong cch ny s dng chn la -s, v bn cng
cn nh r file output, n nn c dng m rng l .gls, s dng chn la -s:
makeindex -o thesis.gls -s thesisglo.ist thesis.glo
(Gi s rng ti liu chnh c cha filethesis.tex v bn chy L
A
T
E
X trc khi gi chng trnh
makeindex.) Ch rng bn ang dng thesis.glo ( c to ra bi cc lnh \glossary) m
khng phi l file thesis.idx (c to ra bi cc lnh \index)
2. Theo mc nh, makeindex s dng file vi phn m rng l .ilg nh log file, c th bn mun i
file ny trnh xung t vi index log file. V d, bn mun gi log file ca bng ch gii thut ng
thesis.glg:
makeindex -t thesis.glg -o thesis.gls -s thesisglo.ist thesis.glo
y l mt v d dng gi makeglos:
File sample.tex:
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{makeglos}
\makeglossary
\begin{document}
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 36
\printglossary
\chapter{Gii thiu}
Mt tp hp\glossary{tp hp: B su tp cc i tng}
thng c biu th trong mt font th php,
v d $\mathcal{S}$.
Phn t ca tp hp\glossary{phn t ca tp hp:
S cc i tng trong tp hp} ca $\mathcal{S}$
c k hiu l $|\mathcal{S}|$.
Tp hp hn tp\glossary{tp hp hn tp:
Cha mi th} th thng c k hiu l $\mathcal{U}$
\end{document}
File ca makeindex l style file, sample.ist, s ging nh th ny:
t kha "\\glossaryentry"
khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n"
khai bo b tr "\\end{theglossary}\n"
Sau bn cn thc hin
latex sample.tex % bin dch file sample.tex
makeindex -t sample.glg -o sample.gls -s sample.ist sample.glo
% to ch mc, bng tra cu thut ng theo cc la chn.
latex sample.tex % bin dch li file sample.tex
Tiu ca bng tra cu thut ng (tn mc nh l: Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh
\glossaryname. Nu bn mun bt c on vn bn no xut hin u bng tra cu thut ng bn ch cn
nh ngha li lnh \glossaryintro. nh dng ca argument cho lnh \glossary command th tng t
nh vi \index, do bn c th dng @ ch cch sp xp danh mc, dng | ch nh lm cch no
nh dng s trang lin i v ! dng xc nh cc danh mc con (mc d iu ny khng thch hp cho mt
bng tra cu thut ng). Nu bn gp rc ri, hy tham kho mc 7.1.1 tm bin php tho g trn trang 34.
Bn cng c th download file sau: thesis9.tex v thesisglo.ist s minh ha cho v d ny.
7.2.2 Gi lnh glossary
Gi lnh glossary cng nh ngha lnh \printglossary, nhng n nh ngha li lnh \glossary
bn c th tch tn ca danh mc v m t tng ng ca n, dng mt tp hp ca t kha= cp gi tr. Nhng
key sau y lun sn c:
tn Tn ca danh mc
m t Mt m t ca danh mc
sp xp Lm sao sp xp danh mc. (Danh mc thng c t tn theo mc nh)
nh dng Cch nh dng s trang
V d phn trn c th thay i thnh:
Khai bo : \makeglossary
Trang 2 : \glossary{tn = tp hp,m t = mt b
su tp cc i tng}
Trang 3 : \glossary{tn = phn t ca tp hp, m t = s
i tng trong mt tp hp}
Trang 4 : \glossary{tn = tp hp hn tp, m t =
tp hp cha mi th}
Gi lnh glossary to style file makeindex .ist style file ty bin cho ti liu ca bn, nn bn khng
cn lo lng to n na. Theo mc nh tn ca file .ist s c cng tn gc vi tn ti liu ca bn, do nu
ti liu ca bn c tn l sample.tex th file ny s c tn l sample.ist tn ny s c to ra khi bn bin
dch file gc sample.tex. Nh trn bn cn lm:
latex sample.tex % bin dch file sample.tex
makeindex -t sample.glg -o sample.gls -s sample.ist sample.glo
% to ch mc, bng tra cu thut ng theo cc la chn.
latex sample.tex % bin dch li file sample.tex
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 37
Bn c th dng Perl script makeglos c cung cp trong version 2.0 ca gi lnh glossary:
latex sample.tex
makeglos sample.glo
latex sample.tex
Phong cch ca bng tra cu thut ng c th ty bin. Nh trn tiu ca bng tra cu cc thut ng (tn
mc nh l Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh \glossaryname. Phong cch ca bng tra
cu thut ng c th thay i dng cc la chn ca gi lnh m cc la chn ny c dng t kha=gi tr :
style Phong cch ca mi trng theglossary. Cc gi tr:
list dng mi trng m t trong bng tra cu thut ng
super dng mi trng supertabular (bn l ngi s dng T
E
X chc bn bit tabular ngha l g ri) trong
bng tra cu thut ng
long dng mi trng bng di trong bng tra cu thut ng (mc nh)
header header ca bng tra cu thut ng. Cc gi tr:
none bng tra cu thut ng khng c tiu trang (Mc nh)
plain bng tra cu thut ng c tiu trang
border ng vin ca Bng tra cu thut ng. Cc gi tr:
none Bng tra cu thut ng khng c ng vin (Mc nh)
plain ng vin xung quanh ca Bng tra cu thut ng
cols S ct. Cc gi tr:
2 Tn ca danh mc v ch gii nm hai ct ring bit, vi s trang lin i nm cng ct vi ch gii
(Mc nh).
3 Tn danh mc, ch gii v cc trang lin i nm trong ba ct ring bit.
number S trang lin i tng ng vi mi gi tr ca danh mc
1
. Cc gi tr :
page Mi danh mc mt trang tng ng ni m danh mc c t. (Mc nh)
section Mi danh mc c nh s mt mc tng ng ni m danh mc c nh ngha.
none Cc con s tng ng c lc bt.
toc Bin boolean
2
true In Bng tra cu thut ng vo mc lc
false Khng in Bng tra cu thut ng vo mc lc (mc nh)
Ch rng nu bn nh r la chn ny bn cn bin dch li ti liu thm hai ln na sau khi to Bng tra
cu thut ng.
hyper Bin boolean
3
true To cc s lin i vi mt lin kt siu vn bn
false Khng to cc s lin i vi mt lin kt siu vn bn
Nu gi lnh hyperref c ti trc khi ti gi glossary th hyper=true c t, nu khng n
s c t mc nh hyper=false.
Cc la chn border, header and cols khng nn dng trong vic lin kt vi style=list, chng ch c
ngha vi la chn kiu bng. V d:
\usepackage[style=long,cols=3,border=plain]{glossary}
1
la chn ny ch c trong version 1.1 v cc version sau ny
2
la chn ny sn c trong version 2.0 v cc version sau ny
3
la chn ny sn c trong version 2.0511 v cc phin bn sau ny
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 38
Nu bn mun chn thm thng tin u hay cui bng tra cu thut ng bn c th nh ngha li cc lnh
\glossarypreamble v \glossarypostamble. Bn cng c th nh ngha thm cc i tng phong
cch cho bng tra cu thut ng, nn bn s c thm la chn cho cch trnh by bng tra cu thut ng trong ti
liu ca bn. V d, mt bng tra cu ca mt s thut ng v mt ch mc ca cc hm ton hoc ca cc k
hiu. Bn c th download version mi nht ca gi lnh glossary ti http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.
uk/~nlct/latex/packages/index.html#glossary.
Download download thesis10.tex lm v d.
Chng 8
Nhiu float khng c x l
Mt vn chung m cc nghin cu sinh thng gp khi vit lun n l c bo li Nhiu Float Khng c X
L. Li ny pht sinh do c qu nhiu hnh nh v bng trong Chng kt qu nghin cu v khng c nhiu
dng ch c nhp vo xung quanh chng. Nu iu ny xy ra th c mt s bin php m bn c th th:
1. Kim tra xem bn cha gii hn chnh xc v tr m bn mun t float. Nu bn xc nh chnh xc v tr
th hy cho L
A
T
E
X nhiu la chn nu c th. V d:
\begin{figure}[htbp]
iu ny c th xc nh rng bn c th chn hnh nh vo ti im bn ang lm vic h=here, hay
trn u trang t=top, pha di ca trang b=bottom, hoc trn mt trang ch cha hnh nh thun ty
p=page
2. Hy c gng tng s lng vn bn trong mt chng. Nh rng bn khng nn cho hin th tt c cc hnh
nh v bng biu trong chng Kt qu kho st m khng tham vn vi ngi hng dn.
3. Nu tt c cc bin php m bn p dng khng thay i c tnh th, th c gng dng lnh \clearpage.
Lnh ny buc tt c cc float cha x l c th s c x l li tc thi, v bt u mt trang mi. Nhng
c th lmtrang b ngt t ngt, trnh iu ny bn c th dng gi lnh afterpage ca David Carlisle
v s dng lnh:
\afterpage{\clearpage}
Nu cn nhng vng mc cha gii quyt c, tham kho phn FAQ trn T
E
X Archive [4].
39
Ti liu tham kho
[1] The L
A
T
E
X Companion, Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin, Addison-Wesley
(1994). (Cited on pages 12 and 34.)
[2] A Guide to L
A
T
E
X2: document preparation for beginners and advanced users, Helmut Kopka and Patrick
W. Daly, Addison-Wesley (1995). (Cited on pages 8, 10, 12 and 34.)
[3] L
A
T
E
X: a document preparation system, Leslie Lamport, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley (1994). (Cited on pages 32
and 34.)
[4] The T
E
X Archive. http://www.tex.ac.uk/ (Cited on page 39.)
[5] LaTeX for Complete Novices, Nicola Talbot. http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/
novices/ (2004). (Cited on pages b, 1 and 28.)
40
Ch mc
!, 33
, 34
\+, 27
\-, 27
\<, 27
\=, 27
\>, 27
\@chapter, 8
\@evenfoot, 10
\@evenhead, 10
\@makechapterhead, 8
\@makeschapterhead, 8
\@oddfoot, 10
\@oddhead, 10
\@schapter, 8
\@startsection, 7, 8
\abstractname, 7
\addcontentsline, 9
algorithm mi trng, 31
\appendixname, 7
bng tra cu thut ng, 32
\baselinestretch, 24
\bibitem, 12
\bibliography, 11, 15
\bibliographystyle, 11
\bibname, 7
cc gi lnh (.sty)
afterpage, 39
apalike, 16, 23
asmthm, 29
backref, 16
backrefx, 16
doublespace, 24
fancyhdr, 10
float, 30
gloss, 35
glossary, 3538
glosstex, 35
graphicx, 6
hyperref, 16, 37
makeglos, 35
makeidx, 32, 34, 35
verbatim, 25
Cc la chn cho class file
oneside, 10
twoside, 10
Ch mc, 32
\Chng, 6
\chapter, 8, 9
\chaptername, 7
\cite, 11, 12, 16
class file (.cls)
article, 6
cmpreprt, 7
mythesis, 6
report, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10
slide, 6
\clearpage, 39
\contentsname, 7
\danh mc thut ng, 35
\danh mc trong ch mc, 35
\danh sch, 31
\endinput, 6
figure mi trng, 30
\figurename, 7
\floatstyle, 30
\glossary, 35, 36
\glossaryintro, 36
\glossaryname, 36, 37
\glossarypostamble, 38
\glossarypreamble, 38
H2VN, b
\include, 4
\includeonly, 4
\index, 32, 3436
\indexname, 7
\itshape, 7
kiu in tn cho ti liu tham kho
n bn, 13
a ch, 13
address, 13
author, 13
booktitle, 13
ch gii, 13
ch thch, 13
chng, 13
chapter, 13
edition, 13
howpublished, 13
institution, 13
41
CH MC 42
journal, 13
kiu, 13
loi, 13
month, 13
nm, 13
ngi bin tp, 13
ngi hiu nh, 13
nh xut bn, 13
note, 13
number, 13
organization, 13
pages, 13
publisher, 13
s ra, 13
school, 13
series, 13
tc gi, 12, 13
tm tt ni dung ti liu, 12
tn sch, 13
tn t chc, 13
tp, 13
tp ch, 13
thng, 13
th loi, 13
tiu , 12, 13
tiu sch, 13
title, 13
trng, 13
trang, 13
trung tm nghin cu, 13
type, 13
volume, 13
xut bn th no, 13
kiu danh mc trong ti liu tham kho
article, 12, 13
book, 12, 13
booklet, 12, 13
conference, 12
inbook, 12, 13
incollection, 12, 13
inproceedings, 12, 13
manual, 12, 13
mastersthesis, 12, 13
misc, 12, 13
phdthesis, 12, 13
proceedings, 12, 13
techreport, 12, 13
unpublished, 12, 13
\kill, 27
\listfigurename, 7
\listtablename, 7
\LoadClass, 6
lof, 9
lot, 9
\mc, 6
ma trn, 33
\makeglossary, 35
\makeindex, 32, 34, 35
makeindex, 32
\maketitle, 24
\newcounter, 27
\newfloat, 30, 31
\newtheorem, 27, 29, 31
\pagestyle, 10
\paragraph, 8
\part, 8
\partname, 7
phong cch ti liu tham kho(.bst)
abbrv, 11, 17
acm, 18
alpha, 11, 19
apalike, 16, 23
ieeetr, 20
plain, 11, 21
unsrt, 11, 22
vit tt, 12
phong cch trang
empty, 9
headings, 9, 10
myheadings, 9
plain, 9
thesis, 10
\printglossary, 35, 36
\printindex, 32, 34, 35
\ps@empty, 10
\ps@plain, 10
\ps@thesis, 10
\secdef, 8
secnumdepth, 8
\section, 7
\setcounter, 8, 9
spacing mi trng, 24
\subsection, 7
\tn ca float, 30
tabbing mi trng, 27, 29
table mi trng, 30
\tablename, 7
thebibliography mi trng, 11, 12, 16
theglossary mi trng, 35, 37
theindex mi trng, 32, 35
\thispagestyle, 10
titlepage mi trng, 24
toc, 9
tocdepth, 9
\vec, 28
vector ring, 32
verbatim mi trng, 25
\verbatiminput, 25
VietTUG, b
VnT
E
X, b
VNOSS, b