CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T

DNG 1: BI TP V THNH PHN CA NGUYN T

Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v n!tron ". electron v n!tron
#. proton v n!tron $. electron v proton
Cu 2: %&t nguyn t '()c '*c tr(ng c! +,n +-ng
A. ./ proton v 'i0n t1ch ht nhn ". ./ proton v s/ electron
#. ./ 2h/i A v s/ n!tron $. ./ 2h/i A v 'i0n t1ch ht nhn
Cu 3: 3guyn t/ h4a h5c +ao g67 cc nguyn t8
A. #4 c9ng s/ 2h/i A ". #4 c9ng s/ proton
#. #4 c9ng s/ n!tron $. #4 c9ng s/ proton v s/ n!tron
Cu : :i;u 2h<ng '=nh no sau 'y l sai >
A. Ht nhn nguyn t '()c cu to nn +?i cc ht proton, electron, n!tron.
". @rong nguyn t s/ ht proton +-ng s/ ht electron.
#. ./ 2h/i A l tAng s/ proton BCD v tAng s/ n!tron B3D.
$. 3guyn t '()c cu to nn +?i cc ht proton, electron, n!tron.
Cu !: Eht +iFu no sau 'y 2hGng 'Hng>
A. 3guyn t '()c cu to tI cc ht c! +,n l p, n, e.
". 3guyn t c4 cu trHc '*c 2h1t, g67 vJ nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
#. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to +?i cc ht proton v ht n!tron.
$. KJ nguyn t '()c cu to tI cc ht electron.
Cu ": %0nh '; no sau 'y 2hGng 'Hng >
BLD ./ 'i0n t1ch ht nhn '*c tr(ng cho L nguyn t/. BMD #hN c4 ht nhn nguyn t oOi 7Pi c4 Q proton.
BRD #hN c4 ht nhn nguyn t oOi 7Pi c4 Q n!tron. BSD #hN c4 trong nguyn t oOi 7Pi c4 Q electron.
A. R v S ". L v R #. S $. R
Cu #: #h5n cu pht +iFu sai 8
L. @rong 7&t nguyn t luGn luGn c4 s/ prGtGn T s/ electron T s/ 'i0n t1ch ht nhn
M. @Ang s/ prGton v s/ electron trong 7&t ht nhn g5i l s/ 2h/i
R. ./ 2h/i A l 2h/i l()ng tuy0t '/i ca nguyn t
S. ./ prGton T'i0n t1ch ht nhn
U. :6ng v= l cc nguyn t c4 c9ng s/ prGton nh(ng 2hc nhau v; s/ n!tron
A. M,S,U ". M,R #. R,S $. M,R,S
Cu $: #ho +a nguyn t c4 21 hi0u l %g
MS
LM
, %g
MU
LM
, %g
MV
LM
. Eht +iFu no sau 'y l sai >
A../ ht electron ca cc nguyn t ln l()t l8 LM, LR, LS ".:y l R '6ng v=.
#."a nguyn t trn ';u thu&c nguyn t/ %g. $.Ht nhn ca 7Wi ngt ';u c4 LM proton.
Cu %: #h5n cu pht +iFu sai8
A. ./ 2h/i +-ng tAng s/ ht p v n ". @Ang s/ p v s/ e '()c g5i l s/ 2h/i
#. @rong L nguyn t s/ p T s/ e T 'i0n t1ch ht nhn $. ./ p +-ng s/ e
Cu 1&: 3guyn t Al
MX
LR

c4 8
A. LRp, LRe, LSn. ". LRp, LSe, LSn.
#. LRp, LSe, LRn. $. LSp, LSe, LRn.
Cu 11: 3guyn t canOi c4 21 hi0u l #a
SY
MY
. Eht +iFu no sau 'y sai >
A. 3guyn t #a c4 Melectron lPp ngoi c9ng. ". ./ hi0u nguyn t ca #a l MY.
#. #anOi ? G thZ MY trong +,ng tun hon. $. @Ang s/ ht c! +,n ca canOi l SY.
Cu 12: nh ngha v ng v no sau y ng:
A. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c c!ng s" n#t$on% &hc nhau s" p$'ton.
(. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t" c c!ng s" n#t$on% &hc nhau s" p$'ton
). ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c c!ng s" p$'ton% &hc nhau s" n#t$on
*. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t" c c!ng s" p$oton% &hc nhau s" n#t$on
Cu 13: @rong d[y 21 hi0u cc nguyn t sau, d[y no chN c9ng 7&t nguyn t/ h4a h5c8
A. VA
LS
\ X"
LU
". Q#
LV
\ Q$
LX
\ Q]
LQ
#. MV^
UV
\ MX_
UV
$. LYH
MY
\ LL`
MM
Cu 2%: aOi c4 R '6ng v=
LV
Q
a,
LX
Q
a,
LQ
Q
a s/ 2iu phn t aM c4 thF to thnh l8
A. R ". S #. U $. V
Cu 31: 3it! trong thin nhin l hWn h)p g67 hai '6ng v= l 3
LS
X
Bbb,VRcD v 3
LU
X
BY,RXcD. 3guyn t 2h/i
trung +dnh ca nit! l
A. LS,X ". LS,Y #. LS,S $. LR,X
Cu 32: @1nh ngt 2h/i trung +dnh ca %g +it %g c4 R '6ng v= Mg
MS
LM
B XbcD, Mg
MU
LM
B LYcD, cen li l Mg
MV
LM
>
Cu 33: 3guyn t/ #u c4 hai '6ng v= +;n l #u
VR
Mb
v #u
VU
Mb
. 3guyn t 2h/i trung +dnh ca #u l VR,US. @N l0 c
'6ng v= #u
VR
Mb
, #u
VU
Mb
ln l()t l
Cu 3: +h", lng nguyn t t$ung -.nh c/a ($'0 l 12%23. ($'0 c ha, ng v% t$ong
ng v 45($
12
ch,60 57%58. +h", lng nguyn t c/a ng v th9 ha, s: l:
Cu 2: %&t nguyn t f c4 s/ hi0u nguyn t C TLb. ./ lPp electron trong nguyn t f l
A. S ". U #. R $. V
Cu 3: 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ nhG7 c4 LRe v cu hdnh electron l Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
L
. gt luhn no sau 'y 'Hng >
A. iPp electron ngoi c9ng ca nhG7 c4 Re.
". iPp electron ngoi c9ng ca nhG7 c4 Le.
#. iPp i BlPp thZ MD ca nhG7 c4 Re.
$. iPp i BlPp thZ MD ca nhG7 c4 Re hay n4i cch 2hc l lPp electron ngoi c9ng ca nhG7 c4 Re.
Cu : j trng thi c! +,n, nguyn t ca nguyn t/ c4 s/ hi0u +-ng X c4 7y electron '&c thn >
A. R ". U #. M $. L
Cu !: %Zc nkng l()ng ca cc electron trn cc phn lPp s, p, d thu&c c9ng 7&t lPp '()c Op theo thZ tl 8
A. d m s m p. ". p m s m d. #. s m p m d. $. s m d m p.
Cu ": #c nguyn t c4 CMY, tho, 7[n 'i;u 2i0n c4 Me '&c thn lPp ngoi c9ng l
A. #a, %g, 3a, g ". #a, %g, #, .i #. #, .i, a, . $. a, ., #l, _
Cu #: 3guyn t % c4 cu hdnh electron ca phn lPp ngoi c9ng l Rd
X
. @Ang s/ electron ca nguyn t % l8
A. MS ". MU #. MX $. Mb
Cu $: ]lectron cu/i c9ng ca 7&t nguyn t/ % 'i;n vo phn lPp Rd
R
. ./ electron h4a tr= ca % l
A. R ". M #. U $.S
Cu %: %&t nguyn t f c4 tAng s/ electron ? cc phn lPp s l V v tAng s/ electron lPp ngoi c9ng l V. #ho +it
f thu&c v; nguyn t/ ho h5c no sau 'y>
A. aOi BC T QD ". i(u hunnh BC T LVD #. _lo BC T bD $. #lo BC T LXD
Cu !&: %&t ngt f c4 tAng s/ e ? cc phn lPp p l LL. H[y cho +it f thu&c v; nguyn t/ ho h5c no sau 'y>
A. nguyn t/ s. ". nguyn t/ p. #. nguyn t/ d. $. nguyn t/ o.
Cu !1: 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 tAng s/ electron trong cc phn lPp p l X. 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ p c4
tAng s/ ht 7ang 'i0n nhi;u h!n tAng s/ ht 7ang 'i0n ca f l Q. f v p l cc nguyn t/8
A. Al v "r ". Al v #l #. %g v #l $. .i v "r.
Cu !2: ;guyn t nguyn t" < c = cu", c!ng ,n vo phn l>p 4p
3
. ;guyn t nguyn t" ? c
= cu", c!ng ,n vo phn l>p 4p
4
. @" p$oton c/a <% ? lAn lt l:
A. 34 v 35 (. 3B v 37 ). 34 v 37 *. 3B v 35
Cu !3: Cl=ct$on cu", c!ng c/a nguyn t nguyn t" < phn -" vo phn l>p 4D
E
. < l
A. Fn (. G= ). ;, *. @
Cu !: %&t nguyn t f c4 R lPp. j trng thi c! +,n, s/ electron t/i 'a trong lPp % l8
A. M ". Q #. LQ $. RM
Cu !!: HoIt nguy=Jn tK coL F la9 37 thM nguy=Jn tK /oL coL /aNc /,=0 sau:
A. @oO o-,tan co9n t$oOng t$ong lPLp voK la9 3. ). @oO o-,tan t$oOng la9 E.
(. @oO =l=ct$on /oIc thaJn la9 B. *. A% ( /=Qu /uLng.
Cu !": Ehn t fMpR c4 tAng s/ ht electron l UY, s/ e trong ngt f nhi;u h!n trong ngt p l U. fc '=nh s/ hi0u
ngt, vit cu hdnh e ca f, p v sl phn +/ theo o+itan >
DNG 2: VI'T CU H(NH ) CA ION * +,C -NH T.NH CHT CA NGUYN T/

10 T1 23u 4564 7 289 6:u;<6 => C3u 4564 7 289 ?@6 =AB6: C6:0
- Cu hnh e ca ion dng : bt i s e phn lp ngoi c!ng ca ngt" b#ng $ng i%n t&ch ion '(
- Cu hnh e ca ion ) : nh*n th+) s e b#ng $ng i%n t&ch ion ' ,o phn lp ngoi c!ng ca ngt"(
20 DD9 EF@ 23u 4564 7G HI2 JK64 23u =L@ 6:u;<6 =>G =M64 243= 289 6:u;<6 =N0
- -p ngoi c!ng c' . e ngt /h& hi0)
- -p ngoi c!ng c' 12 32 4 e ngt /i) lo5i
- -p ngoi c!ng c' 62 72 8 ngt phi /i)
- -p ngoi c!ng c' 9 e c' th: l /i) lo5i2 ha; phi /i)(
Cu !#: H[y vit cu hdnh electron 8 _e , _e
Mq
, _e
Rq
, . , .
Mr
, s+ v s+
q
. "it 8 C_e T MV \ C.

T LV \ Cs+

T RX.
Cu !$: Kit cu hdnh electron ca cc ngt, ion sau 8 Al B C T LRD\ Al
Rq
\ _e B CT MVD\ _e
Mq
\ "r B CT RUD\ "r
r
>
Cu !%: #ho +it stt c4 s/ hi0u nguyn t l MV. #u hdnh electron ca ion _e
Mq
l8
A. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Ss
M
". Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
V
#. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
U
$. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
S
Cu "&: #u trHc electron no sau 'y l ca ion #u
q
.
A. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
b
Ss
L
. ". Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
LY
. #. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
b
. $. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
LY
Ss
L
Cu "1: #u
Mq
c4 cu hdnh electron l8
A. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
b
Ss
M
". Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
LY
Ss
L
#. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
b
$. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
Q
Cu "2: `on f
Mr
v %
Rq
';u c4 cu hdnh electron l Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
. f, % l nhung nguyn t no sau 'y >
A. _, #a ". a, Al #. ., Al $. a, %g
Cu "3: $[y g67 nguyn t f, cc ion p
Mq
v C
r
';u c4 cu hdnh electron 8 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
l8
A. 3e, %g
Mq
, _
r
". Ar, %g
Mq
, _
r
#. 3e, #a
Mq
, #l
r
$. Ar,#a
Mq
, #l
r
Cu ": #ation s
q
c4 cu hdnh electron ? phn lPp ngoi c9ng l Mp
V
. Khy cu hdnh electron ca nguyn t s l
A.Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
U
".Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
#.Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
L
$.Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
L
Cu "!: `on %
Rq
c4 cu hdnh electron phn lPp ngoi c9ng l Rd
U
. Khy cu hdnh electron ca % l
A. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Ss
M
Rd
Q
". Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
V
Ss
M
#. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
Q
$. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
U
Ss
M
Sp
L
Cu "": #u hdnh e ca ion %n
Mq
l 8 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
U
. #u hdnh e ca %n l 8
A.Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
X
#.

Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
U
Ss
M
".

Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Ss
M
Sp
U
$.

Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
R
Ss
M
Sp
M
Cu "#: #ho +it cu hdnh electron ca cc nguyn t/ f 8 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
S
\ p 8 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Ss
M
\ C 8 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
.
3guyn t/ no l 2i7 loi >
A. f ". p #. C $. f v p
Cu "$: #ho cc nguyn t c4 s/ hi0u t(!ng Zng l f BCL T LLD, p BCM T LSD, C BCR T LXD, @ BCS T MYD, s BCU T LYD.
#c nguyn t l 2i7 loi g67 8
A. p, C, @. ". p, @, s. #. f, p, @. $. f, @.
Cu "%: #u trHc electron no sau 'y l ca phi 2i78
BLD. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
S
. BSD. vArwRd
U
Ss
L
.
BMD. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
M
Ss
M
. BUD. v3ewRs
M
Rp
R
.
BRD. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
LY
Ss
M
Sp
R
. BVD. v3ewRs
M
Rp
V
Ss
M
.
A. BLD, BMD, BRD. ". BLD, BRD, BUD. #. BMD, BRD, BSD. $. BMD, BSD, BVD.
Cu #&: #ho cc cu hdnh electron sau8
a. Ls
M
Ms
L
. +. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Ss
L
. c. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
L
d. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
S
. e. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
S
Ss
M
o. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
U
Ss
M
g. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
U
. h. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
LY
Ss
M
Sp
U
i. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
M

x. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
L
. 2. Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
R
. l. Ls
M
.
a, #c nguyn t/ c4 t1nh cht phi 2i7 g678
A. B c, d, o, g, 2D ". B d, o, g, x, 2D #. B d, g, h, 2 D $. B d, g, h, i, 2D.
A +, #c nguyn t/ c4 t1nh 2i7 loi 8
A. B a, +, e, o, x, lD. ". B a, o, x, lD #. B a, +,c, e, o, xD $. B a, +, x, lD.
CHUYN 2: BONG TUN HON V -NH PUT TUN HON
DNG 1: TQ CU H(NH )P)CTRON CA NGUYN T S VK TR. TRONG BTH
PAu T: - <= cu hnh ion >? cu hnh elect@on ca ngu;+n t" >? ,A t@& t@ong B<C
( khng dng cu hnh ion => v tr nguyn t )
- <= ,A t@& t@ong B<C cu hnh elect@on ca ngu;+n t"
D <= s thE tF chu / >? s lp elect@on >? lp ngoi c!ng l lp thE );
D <= s thE tF nh') >? s elect@on ca lp ngoi c!ng G ,i nh') AH cu hnh elect@on(
I0u cu hnh e ngoi c!ng : Gn-1Hd
a
ns
b
th ngu;+n t thuJc nh') B , :
D n0u a D b K . L << nh') > a D b(
D n0u a D b > .2 M2 1N L << nh') > .(
D n0u a D b ? 1N L << nh') > a D b O 1N(
Cu #1: 3guyn t/ A c4 C T LQ,v= tr1 ca A trong +,ng tun hon l8
A. chu 2d R, phn nh47 K`" ". chu 2d R, phn nh47 K```A
#. chu 2d R, phn nh47 K`A $. chu 2d R, phn nh47 K```"
Cu #2: 3guyn t/ s c4 C T MU,v= tr1 ca s trong +,ng tun hon l8
A. chu 2d S, phn nh47 K``A ". chu 2d S, phn nh47 K"
#. chu 2d S, phn nh47 ``A $. chu 2d S, phn nh47 K``"
Cu #3: 3guyn t A c4 7Zc nkng l()ng ngoi c9ng l Rp
U
. 3gt " c4 7Zc nkng l()ng ngoi c9ng Ss
M
. fc '=nh v= tr1
ca A, " trong "@H >
Cu #: fc '=nh v= tr1 ca cc ngt/ c4 7Zc nkng l()ng ngoi c9ng l 8
A. Rs
M
Rp
U
". Rd
LY
Sp
V
#. Ss
M
Rd
R
$. Ss
M
Rd
LY
]. Ss
M
Rd
Q
Cu #!: #ho R nguyn t/ A, %, f c4 cu hdnh electron ? lPp ngoi c9ng Bn T RD t(!ng Zng l ns
L
, ns
M
np
L
, ns
M
np
U
.
Eht +iFu no sau 'y U9? >
A. A, %, f ln l()t l ? cc G thZ LL, LR v LX ca +,ng tun hon.
". A, %, f ';u thu&c chu 2d R ca +,ng tun hon.
#. A, %, f thu&c nh47 `A, ```A v K``A ca +,ng tun hon.
$. @rong +a nguyn t/, chN c4 f to '()c h)p cht vPi hi'ro.
Cu #": Anion f
Rr
c4 cu hdnh electron lPp ngoi c9ng l Rs
M
Rp
V
. K= tr1 ca f trong "@H l8
A. G thZ LU, chu 2d R, phn nh47 KA ".G thZ LV, chu 2d M, phn nh47 KA
#. G thZ LX, chu 2d R, phn nh47 K``A $. G thZ ML, chu 2d S, phn nh47 ```"
Cu ##: `on f
Mq
c4 cu hdnh electron Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
. K= tr1 ca f trong +,ng tun hon Bchu 2d, nh47D l
A. #hu 2d R, nh47 ``A ". #hu 2d M, nh47 K`A
#. #hu 2d M, nh47 K``A $. #hu 2d R, nh47 `A
Cu #$: `on p

c4 cu hdnh electron Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
. K= tr1 ca p trong +,ng tun hon Bchu 2d, nh47D l
A. #hu 2d R, nh47 K``A ". #hu 2d R, nh47 K`A
#. #hu 2d S, nh47 `A $. #hu 2d S, nh47 ``A
Cu #%: #ation f
q
v anion p
Mr
';u c4 cu hdnh electron lPp ngoi c9ng l Rs
M
Rp
V
. K= tr1 ca cc nguyn t/ trong "@H l8
A. f c4 .@@ Lb, chu 2d S, nh47 `A\ p c4 .@@ LX, chu 2d R, nh47 K``A
". f c4 .@@ LQ, chu 2d R, nh47 K```A\ p c4 .@@ LX, chu 2d R, nh47 K``A
#. f c4 .@@ Lb, chu 2d S, nh47 `A\ p c4 .@@ LV, chu 2d R, nh47 K`A
$. f c4 .@@ LQ, chu 2d R, nh47 K```A\ p c4 .@@ LV, chu 2d R, nh47 K`A
Cu $&: 3guyn t p c4 C T MM.
a. Kit cu hdnh electron ngt p, Oc '=nh v= tr1 ca p trong "@H >
+. Kit cu hdnh electron ca p
Mq
\ p
Sq
>
Cu $1: 3gt/ A ? chu 2d U, nh47 `A, nguyn t/ " c4 cu hdnh electron lPp ngoi c9ng l Sp
U
.
a. Kit cu hdnh electron ca A, " >
+. fc '=nh cu to ngt, v= tr1 ca ngt/ " >
c. ^5i tn A, " v cho +it A, " l 2i7 loi, phi 2i7 hay 2h1 hi7 >
DNG 2: +,C -NH 2 NGUYN T/ V' TI'P TRONG CWNG 1 CHU V( HOXC CWNG NHYZ
- I0u A2 B l 3 ngu;+n t n#) /0 ti0p nhau t@ong 1 chu / ZB ZA = 1
- I0u A2 B l 3 ngu;+n t thuJc 1 nh') A , 3 chu / li+n ti0p th giPa A2 B c' th: cQch nhau .2 1. hoRc 43
ngu;+n t( -$c n; cSn TUt bi toQn 4 t@Vng hWp:
D <@Vng hWp 1: A2 B cQch nhau . ngu;+n t : ZB ZA = (
D <@Vng hWp 3: A2 B cQch nhau 1. ngu;+n t : ZB ZA = 1(
D <@Vng hWp 4: A2 B cQch nhau 43 ngu;+n t : ZB ZA = !"(
#h$%ng &h'& ( -*p h% phng t@nh theo 3 Xn YB2 YA YB2 YA
Cu $2: A, " l M nguyn t/ thu&c c9ng L phn nh47 v thu&c M chu 2d lin tip trong "@H. "it CA q C" T RM. ./
proton trong nguyn t ca A, " ln l()t l8
A. X, MU ". LM, MY #. LU, LX $. Q, LS
Cu $3: A, " l M nguyn t/ thu&c c9ng L phn nh47 v thu&c M chu 2d lin tip trong "@H. @Ang s/ proton trong ht
nhn M nguyn t l RY. A, " l nguyn t/ no sau 'y>
A. ii v 3a ". 3a v g #. %g v #a $. "e v %g
Cu $: A va9 ( la9 ha, nguy=Jn toO thuoIc cu9ng 0oIt phaJn nhoL0 ch>nh va9 PK ha, chu
&y9 nhoK l,=Jn t,=Op t$ong h=I thoOng tuaQn hoa9n. Rong soO p cuKa chuLng la9 4B. <aLc
/Snh soO h,=Iu nguy=Jn tK va9 v,=Ot caOu hMnh = cuKa A% (.
Cu $!: A va9 ( la9 ha, nguy=Jn toO thuoIc cu9ng 0oIt phaJn nhoL0 ch>nh va9 PK ha, chu
&y9 l,=Jn t,=Op t$ong h=I thoOng tuaQn hoa9n. Rong soO /,=In t>ch ha!t nhaJn cuKa chuLng
la9 B7. RM0 soO h,=Iu nguy=Jn tK va9 v,=Ot caOu hMnh = cuKa A% (.
Cu $": A va9 ( la9 ha, nguy=Jn toO /Lng &=O t,=Op nhau PK 0oIt chu &y9 t$ong h=I thoOng
tuaQn hoa9n. Rong soO p cuKa chuLng la9 B5. <aLc /Snh soO h,=Iu nguy=Jn tK va9 v,=Ot
caOu hMnh = cuKa A% (.
Cu $#: ) va9 * la9 ha, nguy=Jn toO /Lng &=O t,=Op nhau PK 0oIt chu &y9 t$ong h=I thoOng
tuaQn hoa9n. Rong soO &hoO, cuKa chuLng la9 53. @oO nPt$on cuKa * lPLn hPn ) la9 B ha!t.
R$ong nguy=Jn tK )% soO =l=ct$on -a"ng vPL, soO nPt$on. <aLc /Snh vS t$> va9 v,=Ot caOu
hMnh = cuKa )% *.
DNG 3: +,C -NH NGUYN T/ D[A VO PHN TR\Z VH/I P]^NG
PAu T : Zi ,i phi /i) : ho' tr c)o nht v*i +,i - ho' tr v*i .idro =
- [Qc Anh nh') ca ngt \ GL << nh') > s elect@on lp ngoi c!ng > hoQ t@A ca ngt t@ong oTit cao nht H
- -*p h% thEc theo ] /hi lWng M\ (
^i_ s" c`ng thEc \Ca cho ]C ]\ >1NN-]C , ngWc l5i AaC< :
\
M
C
M a
\ C
c c
.
= gi_i @a M\(
^i_ s" c`ng thEc \Tb; cho ]b ]\ >1NN-]b , ngWc l5i AaC< :
\
M T
b
M ;
\ b
c
.
c
.
= gi_i @a M\(
Cu $$: 3gt/ f c4 ho tr= L trong h)p cht 2h1 vPi hi'ro. @rong h)p cht oOit cao nht f chi7 RQ,Qc 2h/i l()ng.
#Gng thZc oOit cao nht, hi'roOit t(!ng Znga ca f l 8
A. _MaX, H_ ". #lMaX, H#laS #. "rMaX, H"raS $. #lMaX, H#l
Cu $%: H)p cht 2h1 vPi hidro ca ngt/ c4 cGng thZc sHS, oOit cao nht c4 XM,XRc oOi theo 2h/i l()ng, s l 8
A. # ". .i #. ^e $. .n
Cu %&: aOit cao nht ca ngt/ s l saR. H)p cht 2h1 ca s vPi hi'ro c4 U,QQ c hi'ro v; 2h/i l()ng. @d7 s.
Cu %1: aOit cao nht ca s l sMaU. @rong h)p cht 2h1 vPi hi'ro, s chi7 QM,RU c v; 2h/i l()ng. @d7 s.
Cu %2: H)p cht 2h1 vPi hi'ro ca ngt/ s l sHS. @rong oOit cao nht ca s c4 UR,R c oOi v; 2h/i l()ng. @d7 s.
Cu %3: H)p cht 2h1 vPi hi'ro ca ngt/ s l sHM. @rong oOit cao nht, tN l0 2h/i l()ng giua s v oOi l M 8 R. @d7 s.
DNG : +,C -NH NGUYN T/ D[A VO PHON _NG HYA H`C
a T5b 2 c?b d@L? AG B ce =?ef 649u =g@6: 2h6: f46 64ib 24M640
<)
hhc-
hhc-
n
)
A =
MA K
A
K MB dFa ,o B<C su; @a 3 ngu;+n t A2 B(
Cu %: #ho S,S g hWn h)p M 2i7 loi 2i;7 thA 2; chn nhau td vPi dd H#l d( cho R,RV l1t 2h1 HMB'2tcD. Hai 2i7 loi l8
A. #a, .r ". "e, %g #. %g, #a $. .r, "a
Cu %!: #ho RS,MU ga7 7&t 2i7 loi %B h4a tr= ``D tc dyng vPi dd H#l d( thu '()c V,LV l1t HM B? MX,R
o
#, Lat7D. % l8
A. "e ". #a #. %g $. "a
Cu %": Ho tan hWn h)p g67 M 2i7 loi 2i;7 2 tip nhau vo n(Pc '()c dd f v RRV 7l 2h1 HMB'2tcD. #ho H#l d( vo
dd f v cG cn thu '()c M,YXU g 7u/i 2han. Hai 2i7 loi 2i;7 l8
A. ii, 3a ". 3a, g #. g, s+ $. s+, #s
Cu %#: Ho tan hon ton V,bYQL g hWn h)p 7u/i cac+onat ca M 2i7 loi 2 tip nhau trong nh47 ``A vo dd H#l thu
'()c L,VQ l1t #aM B'2tcD. Hai 2i7 loi l8
A. #a, .r ". "e, %g #. %g, #a $. .r, "a
Cu %$: #ho LY,QY g hWn h)p M 7u/i cac+onat ca M 2i7 loi 2 tip nhau trong nh47 ``A tc dyng vPi dd HM.aS lo[ng
d(. #ht 2h1 thu '()c cho hp thy hon ton vo dd "aBaHDM d( thd thu '()c MR,VS g 2t ta. #Gng thZc M 7u/i l8
A. "e#aR v %g#aR ". %g#aR v #a#aR #. #a#aR v .r#aR $. .r#aR v "a#aR
Cu %%: #ho LY BgD 7&t 2i7 loi A h4a tr= `` tc dyng ht vPi n(Pc thu '()c U,V BlD 2h1 HM B'2cD. @d7 tn 2i7 loi '4.
Cu 1&&: #ho LX g 7&t oOit 2i7 loi A B nh47 ```D vo dd HM.aS vIa ', thu '()c UX g 7u/i. fc '=nh 2i7 loi A> @1nh
2h/i l()ng dd HM.aS LYc '[ d9ng >
Cu 1&1: #ho Y,XM BgD 7&t 2i7 loi % h4a tr= `` tc dyng ht vPi dung d=ch H#l d( thd thu '()c VXM B7lD 2h1 HM
B'2cD. fc '=nh tn 2i7 loi '4.
Cu 1&2: Hea tan hon ton V,QU BgD 7&t 2i7 loi 2i;7 thA s +-ng MYY B7lD dung d=ch H#l M B%D. 3u trung hea l()ng
aOit '4 cn LYY B7lD dung d=ch 3aaH R B%D. fc '=nh tn 2i7 loi trn.
Cu 1&3: #ho Y,QQ g hWn h)p M 2i7 loi f, p B nh47 ``A D, ? M chu 2d lin tip tc dyng vPi dd HM.aS lo[ng thu '()c
VXM 7l 2h1 B'2tcD v 7 ga7 7u/i 2han.
a. fc '=nh M 2i7 loi f, p >
+. @1nh 7 ga7 7u/i 2han thu '()c >
Cu 1&: #ho LL,M g hWn h)p M 2loi 2i;7 A, " ? M chu 2d lin tip vo dd MYY 7l HMa '()c S,SQ l1t 2h1 B'2tcD v dd ].
a. fc '=nh A, " >
+. @1nh #c cc cht trong dd ] >
c. :F trung ho dd ] trn cn +ao nhiu 7l dd HM.aS L% >
Cu 1&!: 3u hea tan hon ton L,LV BgD 7&t hi'roOit 2i7 loi s h4a tr= `` cn d9ng L,SV BgD H#l.
a. fc '=nh tn 2i7 loi s, cGng thZc hi'roOit.
+. Kit cu hdnh e ca s +it s c4 s/ p +-ng s/ n.
Cu 1&": Hea tan MY,M BgD hWn h)p M 2i7 loi n-7 ? hai chu 2n lin tip thu&c phn nh47 ch1nh nh47 ` vo n(Pc
thu '()c V,XM BlD 2h1 B'2cD vo dung d=ch A.
a. @d7 tn hai 2i7 loi.
+. @1nh thF t1ch dung d=ch HM.aS M B%D cn d9ng 'F trung hea dung d=ch A.
DNG !: jO j,NH T.NH CHT CA 1 NGUYN T/ VkI C,C NGT/ PlN CN
CN NHk
#c 'i l()ng v t1nh
cht so snh
zuy luht +in 'Ai trong L chu 2d zuy luht +in 'Ai trong L nh47 A
"n 21nh nguyn t ^i,7 dn @kng dn
3kng l()ng ion ho B `LD @kng dn ^i,7 dn
:& 7 'i0n @kng dn ^i,7 dn
@1nh 2i7 loi ^i,7 dn @kng dn
@1nh phi 2i7 @kng dn ^i,7 dn
Ho tr= ca L ngt/ trong
aOit cao nht
@kng tI ` m K`` T ch1nh s/ thZ tl nh47 T s/ e
lPp ngoi c9ng
@1nh aOit ca oOit v hi'roOit@kng dn ^i,7 dn
@1nh +a{! ca oOit v hi'roOit^i,7 dn @kng dn
<@c ti+n : [Qc Anh ,A t@& cQc ngt so sQnh cQc ngt t@ong c!ng chu /2 t@ong 1 nh') /0t du_
PAu T: Bi0t @#ng bQn /&nh cQc ion c' c!ng cu hnh elect@on te l% nghAch ,i Y
Cu 1&#: @rong chu 2d, tI tri sang ph,i, theo chi;u 'i0n t1ch ht nhn tkng dn8
A.@1nh gi tkng, t1nh Eg gi,7 ". @1nh gi gi,7, t1nh Eg tkng
#.@1nh gi tkng, t1nh Eg tkng $.@1nh gi gi,7, t1nh Eg gi,7
Cu 1&$: @rong L chu 2d, 'i tI tri sang ph,i, theo chi;u C tkng dn, +n 21nh nguyn t8
A.@kng dn ". ^i,7 dn #. ghGng 'Ai $. ghGng Oc '=nh
Cu 1&%: "n 21nh nguyn t cc nguyn t/ 8 3a, ii, "e, ". fp theo chi;u tkng dn l8
A. " m "e m ii m 3a ". 3a m ii m "e m " #. ii m "e m " m 3a $. "e m ii m 3a m "
Cu 11&: :& 7 'i0n ca cc nguyn t/ 8 3a, %g, Al, .i. fp theo chi;u tkng dn l8
A. 3a m %g m Al m .i ". .i m Al m %g m 3a #. .i m %g m Al m 3a $. Al m 3a m .i m %g
Cu 111: :& 7 'i0n ca cc nguyn t/ 8 _, #l, "r, ` .fp theo chi;u gi,7 dn l8
A. _ | #l | "r | ` ". `| "r | #l| _ #. #l| _ | ` | "r $. ` | "r| _ | #l
Cu 112: #c nguyn t/ #, .i, 3a, %g '()c Op theo thZ tl nkng l()ng ion ho thZ nht gi,7 dn l 8
A. #, %g, .i, 3a ". .i, #, 3a, %g #. .i, #, %g, 3a $. #, .i, %g, 3a
Cu 113: @1nh 2i7 loi gi,7 dn trong d[y 8
A. Al, ", %g, # ". %g, Al, ", # #. ", %g, Al, # $. %g, ", Al, #
Cu 11: @1nh phi 2i7 tkng dn trong d[y 8
A. E, ., a, _ ". a, ., E, _ #. a, _, E, . $. _, a, ., E
Cu 11!: @1nh 2i7 loi tkng dn trong d[y 8
A. #a, g, Al, %g ". Al, %g, #a, g #. g, %g, Al, #a $. Al, %g, g, #a
Cu 11": @1nh phi 2i7 gi,7 dn trong d[y 8
A. #, a, .i, 3 ". .i, #, a, 3 #. a, 3, #, .i $. #, .i, 3, a
Cu 11#: @1nh +a{! tkng dn trong d[y 8
A. AlBaHDR \ "aBaHDM\ %gBaHDM ". "aBaHDM\ %gBaHDM\ AlBaHDR
#. %gBaHDM\ "aBaHDM\ AlBaHDR $. AlBaHDR\ %gBaHDM\ "aBaHDM
Cu 11$: @1nh aOit tkng dn trong d[y 8
A. HREaS\ HM.aS\ HRAsaS ". HM.aS\ HRAsaS\ HREaS
#. HREaS\ HRAsaS\ HM.aS $. HRAsaS\ HREaS \HM.aS
Cu 11%: @1nh +a{! tkng dn trong d[y 8
A. gMa\ AlMaR\ %ga\ #aa ". AlMaR\ %ga\ #aa\ gMa
#. %ga\ #aa\ AlMaR\ gMa $. #aa\ AlMaR\ gMa\ %ga
Cu 12&: `on no c4 +n 21nh nhJ nht trong cc ion sau8
A. ii
q
". g
q
#. "e
Mq
$. %g
Mq
Cu 121: "n 21nh ion no lPn nht trong cc ion sau 8
A. .
Mr
". #l
r
#. g
q
$. #a
Mq
Cu 122: #c ion c4 +n 21nh gi,7 dn l 8
A. 3a
q
\ %g
Mq
\ _
r
\ a
Mr
". _
r
\ a
Mr
\ %g
Mq
\ 3a
q
#. %g
Mq
\ 3a
q
\ a
Mr
\ _
r
$. a
Mr
\ _
r
\ 3a
q
\ %g
Mq
Cu 123: $[y ion c4 +n 21nh nguyn t tkng dn l 8
A. #l
r
\ g
q
\ #a
Mq
\ .
Mr
". .
Mr
\#l
r
\ #a
Mq
\ g
q
#. #a
Mq
\ g
q
\ #l
r
\ .
Mr
$. g
q
\ #a
Mq
\ .
Mr
\#l
r
BI TP TnNG H^P TRONG C,C THI I H`CG CAO oNG
Cu 12: pH A 2&&#q $[y g67 cc ion f
q
, p
r
v nguyn t C ';u c4 cu hdnh electron Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
l8
A. 3a
q
, #l
r
, Ar. B0 ii
q
, _
r
, 3e. C0 3a
q
, _
r
, 3e. D0 g
q
, #l
r
, Ar.
Cu 12!: pH A 2&&#q Anion f
r
v cation p
Mq

';u c4 cu hdnh electron lPp ngoi c9ng l Rs
M
Rp
V
. K= tr1 ca
cc nguyn t/ trong +,ng tun hon cc nguyn t/ h4a h5c l8
A0 f c4 s/ thZ tl LX, chu 2n S, nh47 K``A Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 K``D\ p c4 s/ thZ tl MY, chu 2n S, nh47 ``A
Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 ``D.
B0 f c4 s/ thZ tl LQ, chu 2n R, nh47 K`A Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 K`D\ p c4 s/ thZ tl MY, chu 2n S, nh47 ``A
Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 ``D.
C0 f c4 s/ thZ tl LX, chu 2n R, nh47 K``A Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 K``D\ p c4 s/ thZ tl MY, chu 2n S, nh47 ``A
Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 ``D.
D0 f c4 s/ thZ tl LQ, chu 2n R, nh47 K``A Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 K``D\ p c4 s/ thZ tl MY, chu 2n R, nh47 ``A
Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 ``D.
Cu 12": pH B 2&&#q @rong 7&t nh47 A Bphn nh47 ch1nhD, trI nh47 K```A Bphn nh47 ch1nh nh47 K```D, theo
chi;u tkng ca 'i0n t1ch ht nhn nguyn t thd
A0 t1nh phi 2i7 gi,7 dn, +n 21nh nguyn t tkng dn. B0 t1nh 2i7 loi tkng dn, '& 7 'i0n tkng dn.
C0 '& 7 'i0n gi,7 dn, t1nh phi 2i7 tkng dn. D0 t1nh 2i7 loi tkng dn, +n 21nh ngt gi,7 dn.
Cu 12#: pC 2&&#q @rong tl nhin, nguyn t/ '6ng c4 hai '6ng v= l
VR
Mb#uv
VU
Mb#u. 3guyn t 2h/i trung +dnh ca
'6ng l VR,US. @hnh phn phn trk7 tAng s/ nguyn t ca '6ng v=
VR
Mb#u l
A0 MXc. B0 UYc. C0 USc. D0 XRc.
Cu 12$: pC 2&&#q #ho cc nguyn t/ % BC T LLD, f BC T LXD, p BC T bD v s BC T LbD. :& 7 'i0n ca cc
nguyn t/ tkng dn theo thZ tl
A0 % m f m p m s. B0 s m % m f m p. C0 p m % m f m s. D0 % m f m s m p.
Cu 12%: pC 2&&$q 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 tAng s/ ht electron trong cc phn lPp p l X. ./ ht 7ang 'i0n
ca 7&t nguyn t p nhi;u h!n s/ ht 7ang 'i0n ca 7&t nguyn t f l Q ht. #c nguyn t/ f v p ln l()t l
A0 _e v #l. B0 3a v #l. C0 Al v #l. D0 Al v E.
Cu 13&: pH A 2&&$q "n 21nh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t/8 Rii, Qa, b_, LL3a '()c Op theo thZ tl tkng dn tI tri
sang ph,i l
A0 _, a, ii, 3a. B0 _, 3a, a, ii. C0 _, ii, a, 3a. D0 ii, 3a, a, _.
Cu 131: pH B 2&&$q $[y cc nguyn t/ stp Op theo chi;u tkng dn t1nh phi 2i7 tI tri sang ph,i l8
A0 E, 3, _, a. B0 3, E, _, a. C0 E, 3, a, _. D0 3, E, a, _.
Cu 132: pH B 2&&$q #Gng thZc phn t ca h)p cht 2h1 to +?i nguyn t/ s v hi'ro l sHR. @rong oOit 7 s
c4 ho tr= cao nht thd oOi chi7 XS,YXc v; 2h/i l()ng. 3guyn t/ s l
A0 .. B0 As. C0 3. D0 E.
Cu 133: pC 2&&%q %&t nguyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 tAng s/ ht proton, n!tron, electron l UM v c4 s/ 2h/i l RU.
./ hi0u nguyn t ca nguyn t/ f l
A0 LQ. B0 MR. C0 LX. D0 LU.
Cu 13: pH A 2&&%q 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 cu hdnh electron lPp ngoi c9ng l ns
M
np
S
. @rong h)p cht
2h1 ca nguyn t/ f vPi hi'ro, f chi7 bS,LMc 2h/i l()ng. Ehn trk7 2h/i l()ng ca ngt/ f trong oOit cao nht l
A0 UY,YYc. B0 MX,MXc. C0 VY,YYc. D0 SY,YYc.
Cu 13!: pH A 2&&%q #u hdnh electron ca ion f
Mq

l Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
Rp
V
Rd
V
. @rong +,ng tun hon cc nguyn t/
ho h5c, nguyn t/ f thu&c
A0 chu 2d S, nh47 K```A. B0 chu 2d S, nh47 ``A.
C0 chu 2d R, nh47 K`". D0 chu 2d S, nh47 K```".
Cu 13": pH B 2&&%q #ho cc nguyn t/8 g BC T LbD, 3 BC T XD, .i BC T LSD, %g BC T LMD. $[y g67 cc nguyn t/
'()c stp Op theo chi;u gi,7 dn +n 21nh nguyn t tI tri sang ph,i l8
A0 3, .i, %g, g. B0 g, %g, .i, 3. C0 g, %g, 3, .i. D0 %g, g, .i, 3.
Cu 13#: pC 2&1&q #ho b,LMU ga7 7u/i hi'rocac+onat ph,n Zng ht vPi dung d=ch HM.aS
Bd(D, thu '()c dung
d=ch chZa X,U ga7 7u/i sunoat trung ho. #Gng thZc ca 7u/i hi'rocac+onat l
A0 3aH#aR. B0 #aBH#aRDM. C0 "aBH#aRDM. D0 %gBH#aRDM.
Cu 13$: pH A 2&1&q #c nguyn t/ tI ii 'n _, theo chi;u tkng ca 'i0n t1ch ht nhn thd
A0 +n 21nh nguyn t tkng, '& 7 'i0n gi,7. B0 +n 21nh nguyn t v '& 7 'i0n ';u tkng.
C0 +n 21nh nguyn t gi,7, '& 7 'i0n tkng. D0 +n 21nh nguyn t v '& 7 'i0n ';u gi,7.
Cu 13%: pH A 2&1&q 3hhn '=nh no sau 'y 'Hng 2hi n4i v; R nguyn t8
MV
LRf,
UU
MVp,
MV
LMC>
A0 f v C c4 c9ng s/ 2h/i. B0 f, C l M '6ng v= ca c9ng 7&t nguyn t/ ho h5c.
C0 f, p thu&c c9ng 7&t nguyn t/ ho h5c. D0 f v p c4 c9ng s/ n!tron.
Cu 1&: pH B 2&1&q%&t ion %
Rq
c4 tAng s/ ht proton, n!tron, electron l Xb, trong '4 s/ ht 7ang 'i0n nhi;u
h!n s/ ht 2hGng 7ang 'i0n l Lb. #u hdnh electron ca nguyn t % l
A0 vArwRd
U
Ss
L
. B0 vArwRd
V
Ss
M
. C0 vArwRd
V
Ss
L
. D0 vArwRd
R
Ss
M
.
Cu 11: pC 2&11q :F ho tan hon ton V,S ga7 hWn h)p g67 2i7 loi s BchN c4 h4a tr= ``D v oOit ca n4 cn
vIa ' SYY 7l dung d=ch H#l L%. gi7 loi s l
A0 "a. B0 "e. C0 %g. D0 #a.
Cu 12: pH A 2&11q gh/i l()ng ring ca canOi 2i7 loi l L,UU g}c7
R
. ^i, thit r-ng, trong tinh thF canOi cc
nguyn t l nhung hdnh cu chi7 XSc thF t1ch tinh thF, phn cen li l 2he rWng. "n 21nh nguyn t canOi t1nh
theo l1 thuyt l
A0 Y,LQU n7. B0 Y,LbV n7. C0 Y,LUU n7. D0 Y,LVQ n7.
Cu 13: pC 2&12q 3guyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 tAng s/ ht proton, n!tron, electron l UM. @rong ht nhn nguyn
t f c4 s/ ht 2hGng 7ang 'i0n nhi;u h!n s/ ht 7ang 'i0n l L. K= tr1 Bchu 2n, nh47D ca f trong +,ng tun hon
cc nguyn t/ h4a h5c l
A0 chu 2n R, nh47 KA. B0 chu 2n R, nh47 K``A.
C0 chu 2n M, nh47 K``A. D0 chu 2n M, nh47 KA.
Cu 1: pH A 2&12q 3guyn t s to '()c cation s
q
. #u hdnh electron ? phn lPp ngoi c9ng ca s
q

B?
trng thi c! +,nD l Mp
V
. @Ang s/ ht 7ang 'i0n trong nguyn t s l
A0 LY. B0 LL. C0 MM. D0 MR.
Cu 1!: pH A 2&12q f v p l hai nguyn t/ thu&c c9ng 7&t chu 2n, hai nh47 A lin tip. ./ proton ca
nguyn t p nhi;u h!n s/ proton ca nguyn t f. @Ang s/ ht proton trong nguyn t f v p l RR. 3hhn O~t
no sau 'y v; f, p l 'Hng>
A0 :!n cht f l cht 2h1 ? 'i;u 2i0n th(ng.
B0 :& 7 'i0n ca f lPn h!n '& 7 'i0n ca p.
C0 iPp ngoi c9ng ca nguyn t p B? trng thi c! +,nD c4 U electron.
D0 Ehn lPp ngoi c9ng ca nguyn t f B? trng thi c! +,nD c4 S electron.
Cu 1": pH B 2&12q 3guyn t/ p l phi 2i7 thu&c chu 2n R, c4 cGng thZc oOit cao nht l paR. 3guyn t/ p
to vPi 2i7 loi % h)p cht c4 cGng thZc %p, trong '4 % chi7 VR,VSc v; 2h/i l()ng. gi7 loi % l
A0 Cn. B0 #u. C0 %g. D0 _e.
Cu 1#: pC 2&13q j trng thi c! +,n, nguyn t ca nguyn t/ f c4 S electron ? lPp i BlPp thZ haiD. ./
proton c4 trong nguyn t f l
A0 X. B0 V. C0 Q. D0 U.
Cu 1$: pH A 2&13q j trng thi c! +,n, cu hdnh electron ca nguyn t 3a BC T LLD l
A0 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
U
Rs
M
. B0 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
L
. C0 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
V
Rs
M
. D0 Ls
M
Ms
M
Mp
S
Rs
L
.
Cu 1%: pH B 2&13q ./ proton v s/ n!tron c4 trong 7&t nguyn t nhG7 B
MX
LRAlD ln l()t l
A. LR v LS ". LR v LU #. LM v LS $. LR v LR