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TNG QUAN V CNG NGH M NHNG NNG

1. M nhng nng l g?
- M nhng nng l mt trong nhng cng ngh b mt bng phng php ph ln b
mt kim loi mt lp km mng bng cch nhng kim loi bo v qua x l b
mt vo mt b cha km nng chy. M nhng nng cn c gi l m km.
- Trong tt c cc k thut to b mt ph bin cho thp th m km l phng php to
b mt chng g tt nht. Trong qu trnh m km kim loi c nu thnh hp kim
vi cht nn. V th lp km m s khng b trc ra nh khi dng sn to ra lp bo
v vnh cu cho cht nn.

2. Lch s hnh thnh cng ngh m nhng nng:
- Nm 1742 khi mt nh ho hc ngi Php tn l Melouin, trong mt ln trnh by ti
Vin hn lm Php, miu t phng n bo v b mt chi tit st thp bng cch
nhng n vo b km nng chy.
- Nm 1836, Sorel l mt nh ho hc ngi Php nhn bng sng ch v phng
php bo v b mt st thp bi lp ph km bng cch nhng chi tit vo b km
nng chy sau khi x l b mt chi tit bi axit sulfuric 9% v nhng qua
Amonium Chloride. Mt bng sng ch khc ca nc Anh cng c cng nhn
vo nm 1837.
- T nm 1850, mi nm nn cng nghip m nhng km nng Anh dng 10.000 tn
km cho vic bo v st thp. M nhng km nng bo v b mt st thp
c ng dng rng ri hu ht trong mi nghnh ca nn kinh t nh truyn
ti in, giao thng vn ti, nh my giy, nh my ho cht...
- Hn 150 nm qua, m nhng km nng chng t c mt lch s thnh cng trong
thng mi nh mt phng php chng n mn trong v s cc ng dng khp th
gii.

3. Gi tr ca M nhng nng:
- Dng lp ph bo v (hay gi l bo v ro chn) cch ly b mt kim loi tip xc
vi cht in dung trong mi trng ngoi l phng php c xa nht v c ng
dng rng ri nht trong vic bo v chng n mn. Hai thuc tch quan trng nht
ca lp bo v ro chn l s bm dnh vo b mt kim loi nn v bn ca lp
2
ph. Sn l mt v d in hnh v lp bo v ro chn. Bo v cathode l mt phng
php quan trng trnh n mn, bn cht ca bo v cathode l lm thay i phn t
ca mch n mn, to nn mt phn t ca mch n mn mi v m bo rng kim
loi nn tr thnh phn t cathode ca mch ny. M nhng km nng l phng
php ng thi cung cp c hai phng php bo v chng n mn l bo v ro
chn v bo v cathode.
- T lu, Km c s dng to lp bo v do tnh cht ca kim loi ny (tc
n mn ca Zn t 40-50g/m
2
/nm so vi 400-500g/m
2
/nm ca thp, vi li Zn mang
n th + so vi Fe trong qu trnh n mn in ho), v nguyn tc d c to
bng phng php no: M in phn, m nhng nng, m phun th yu t quyt nh
n tui th lp Zn bo v l dy lp Zn c ph.
- Vi nhng c tnh u vit v lp ph b mt bo v, M nhng nng ang cho thy
nng gi tr hu dng. Cng ngh nhng km nng chy m cht lng kt cu cc
cng trnh thp xy dng trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc
To lp bo v cc kt cu kim loi trong cc mi trng khng kh, bin, kh cng
nghip
Lp ph km sau khi kh c hai chc nng bo v:
Th nht l chc nng bo v th ng (passive protection) vi lp mng chn bo
v kim loi nh cc loi sn truyn thng;
Chc nng th hai l bo v ch ng (active protection) tc chc nng chng n
mn catt (Cathodic protection), chc nng ny c lp ph bo v bng m km
nhng nng (hot-dip galvanizing).
Phc hi cc chi tit b mi mn: lm mi b mt sn phm khi b tc ng ca cc
yu t mi trng.
To lp bn chng mi mn trn cc chi tit mi.
To lp trang tr trn lp nha, g
Ph bin nht vn l to lp km, nhm chng n mn trong cc iu kin khc nhau

4. ng dng ca cng ngh M nhng nng:
- Cng ngh nhng km nng chy chng n mn kim loi cho cc kt cu thp c
ng dng kh ph bin ti cc nc cng nghip pht trin, nhng nc ta n 1989
mi c bt u nghin cu trin khai vi quy m sn xut v c thc y mnh
3
m khi trin khai xy dng ng dy ti in 500kV Bc Nam phc cho s nghip
cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc. Vt liu tng ng v cng ngh nhng km
c trin khai ng lc, p ng c cc yu cu chng n mn, nng cao cht
lng v tui th cng nh an ton ca cc cng trnh kt cu thp v c
nhn gii 3 VIFOTEC nm u 1995.
- i tng p dng ch yu l cc cng trnh c kt cu thp ln nh: Dn khoan du
kh, dm cu, dm nh thp, kt cu ct thp cao, h thng ca p thu in, ca van
cng, v tuc th:
Lnh vc vin thng: h thng cc sn phm trong ngnh bu chnh vin thng
truyn hnh nh: trm BTS, ct anten, tr anten,..
Lnh vic in lc: ct in
Hin cc sn phm ca m km nhng nng ti Vit Nam ch yu l cc ph kin
ng dy ti in c lm bng thp, cc thp truyn hnh, cc h lan can mm bo
v ng giao thng, cc ct n chiu sng th.
M km chng minh tnh nng bo v u vit cho cc cng trnh nn hu nh tt c
cng trnh ca ngnh in hin nay u s dng st thp c m km nhng nng.

5. Tui th ca lp m:
- Tui th phc v mong i c nh ngha l tui th cho ti khi 5% b mt xut
hin lp g st. Thc t s dng nhiu nm trc y mt s nc cho thy vi
dy 100 - 150m ni chung lp m phun cho tui th 15 - 20 nm, nu c mt lp sn
ph h tr thng t 25 - 30 nm.