Trng THPT ng Thy Anh

2007

thi Hc Sinh Gii Ho 10 - Nm hc 2006-

(Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht)

Cu 1: (4 im): Nguyn t R c tng s cc ht (p, n, e) l 46. S ht khng mang in
bng 8/15 s ht mang in. Q l ng v ca R, c t hn 1 ntron. Q chim 4 % v s
nguyn t trong t nhin. Vit k hiu nguyn t R v Q. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca nguyn t gm 2 ng v R v Q.
Cu 2: (3 im): C mt bnh kn cha hn hp kh oxi v ozon, sau thi gian ozon b
phn hu ht ta c mt cht kh duy nht, p sut kh trong bnh tng 10% so vi ban
u cng nhit . Tnh t khi hn hp kh trong bnh ban u so vi hidro.
Cu 3: (3 im): Cho 1 dm 3 hn hp cc kh oxi, clo, hidroclorua i qua dd KI d thu c
3,175 gam cht rn v cn li mt th tch kh l 400 cm 3 (th tch kh u o ktc).
Tnh thnh phn % hn hp kh ban u.
Cu 4: (3 im):
1. Cho 2 ion XY32- v XY42-. Tng s proton trong XY 32- v XY43- ln lt l 40 v 48. Xc nh
2 ion .
2. Cho 2 oxit ca kim loi l MO v MO 2 (peoxit). Tng s electron trong MO v MO 2 ln lt
l 64 v 72. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 oxit v cho bit cc oxit c cc loi lin kt g?
Cu 5: (3 im): Chia mt lng kim loi R thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c V1 (lt) kh H2.
- Phn 2 cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c V2 (lt) kh SO2.
Cc kh u o cng mt iu kin v nhit v p sut. Hy so snh V 1 v V2.
Cu 6: (4 im): Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi l Fe v M (ho tr II). Cho 14,52 gam A tc
dng vi lng va dung dch HCl thu c 5,376 lt kh ktc v dung dch B cha 2
mui tan.
1. Tnh tng khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch B.
2. Nu cho 14,52 gam A tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 c, nng th th tch
kh SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht thu c l bao nhiu? Bit trong hn hp A s mol 2 kim
loa bng nhau.
...................................//...................................
Cho: Fe = 56; H = 1; Cl = 35,5; O = 16; I = 127; Ba = 137; Zn = 65
C
u
1
(4
)

2
(3
)

3
(3
)

4
(3
)

Tm tt biu im chm ho 10 ( thi HSG )

Din gii
R c p + n + e = 2p + n = 46, n / 2p = 8 / 15. Vy p = 15; n = 16 [1 ]
31
K hiu nguyn t R l 15 P [1 ]
30
P
Q c n = 15. K hiu nguyn t Q l 15 [1 ]
Q chim 4 % cn R chim 96%. Vy KLNTTB ca P l: A=( 31x96 + 30x4 ):100 =
30,96 [1 ]
Gi s mol O2 l a; s mol O 3 l b. O3 b phn hu theo phng trnh: 2O3 3O2 [1
]
Tng s mol hh ban u l (a+ b), sau phn ng l (a+ 1,5b). [1 ]
p sut tng 10% tng ng s mol hh tng 10% ta c: (a+ 1,5b) = (a+b) + (a+b). 0,1
Vy a = 4b. T khi hh ban u so vi hidro l: d = ( 32x4 + 48 ):5x2 = 17,6 [1 ]
Hn hp kh qua dd KI, HCl b hp th, Cl 2 phn ng vi KI theo phng trnh:
Cl2 + KI KCl + I2. Cht rn l iot. [1 ]. S mol Cl2 = s mol I2 = 3,175 : 254 =
0,0125 mol.
%Cl2 = (0,0125x22,4 )x100% = 28% [1 ]; O2 khng phn ng c V = 400 cm 3. V y
%O2 = 40% [0.5 ]; cn li %HCl = 32% [0.5 ]
S p = z. ZX + 3ZY = 40, ZX + 4ZY = 48. V y ZX = 16; ZY = 8. X l S, Y l O. CT 2 oxit l
SO32-, SO42- [1 ]
S e = z . ZM + ZO = 64, ZM + 2 ZO =72. V y ZM = 56; ZO = 8. M l Ba . CT 2 oxit l
BaO v BaO2 [1 ]
BaO l lin kt ion; cn BaO2 gm lin kt Ba-O l lin kt ion; O-O l lin kt CHT
khng phn cc [1 ]

5
(3
)

6
(4
)

C 2 trng hp vi R
TH1: R c ho tr khng i. Vit 2 phng trnh ho hc
2R + nH2SO4 long R2(SO4)n + nH2 [0.5 ]
2R + 2nH 2SO4 c R2(SO4)n +
nSO2 + 2nH2O [0.5 ]
Ta thy s mol H2 = s mol SO2. V y V1 = V2 [0.5 ]
TH2: R c ho tr thay i. R c ho tr l n, m. n < m
2 R + nH2SO4 long R2(SO4)n + nH2 [0.5 ]
2R + 2mH 2SO4 c R2(SO4)m +
mSO2 + 2mH2O [0.5 ]
a l s mol R th s mol H2 = n.a / 2; cn s mol SO2 = m.a / 2; m.a/2 > n.a/2 . Vy V1
< V2 [0.5 ]
Khi tc dng HCl, Fe ho tr II. K hiu chung 2 kim loi l X. PT: X + HCl XCl2 + H2 [1
]
S mol H2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 mol. S mol HCl phn ng = 0,48 mol, s mol Cl - to
mui = 0,48 mol. Tng khi lng cc mui = 14,52 + 0,48x35,5 = 31,56 gam [1 ]
S mol Fe = s mol M = 0,12 mol. M l Zn. Vit 2 phng trnh
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O [0.5 ]
Zn + 2 H 2SO4 ZnSO4
+ SO2 + H2O [0.5 ]
T tnh c s mol SO2 = 3/2 . 0,12 + 0,12 = 0,3 mol V = 0,3 .22,4 = 6,72 lt.
[1 ]