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S GIO DC V O TO

HI DNG
-------------------------
THI CHN HC SINH GII
LP 10 THPT - NM HC 01-01!
M"N THI# H$% HC
T&'( )(*+# 1,0 -&./
N)01 /&(# 2 /&3+) 4 +56 01!
7 /&( )86# 0 /9*+)
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; P=31; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39;
Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; B = !0; Ba = 137, "=127#
Cho bit m in ca cc nguyn t:
H = 2,20; C = 2,55; N = 3,04; O = 3,44; Na = 0,93; Mg = 1,31; Al = 1,61; S = 2,5!; Cl = 3,16;
B = 2,96; "=2,66#
C:; 1# <=(>6?
1. Mt ion M
3+
c t!ng " h#t $%&%ct'on( n)t'on( *'oton+ b,ng -.( t'ong " h#t mang in
nhi/u h)n " h#t kh0ng mang in &1 1..
a. 2c 3nh 43 t'5 $" th6 t7 0 nguyn t( chu k8( nhm+ ca M t'ong b9ng tu:n ho1n.
b. ;it c<u h8nh %&%ct'on ca cc ion =o M t#o 'a.
>. ?h:n t'@m khi &ABng ca nguyn t C t'ong hB* ch<t kh5 4Di hi'o $t'ong C c " oEi
ha th<* nh<t+ &1 aF( cGn t'ong oEit cao nh<t &1 bF.
a. 2c 3nh C bit a:bH11:I.
b. ;it c0ng th6c *hn t( c0ng th6c %&%ct'on( c0ng th6c c<u t#o ca hai hB* ch<t t'n.
c. 2c 3nh &o#i &in kt ha hJc ca C 4Di hi'o 41 ca C 4Di oEi t'ong hai hB* ch<t t'n.
C:; # <=(>6?
1. KL* *hA)ng t'8nh ha hJc ca cc *h9n 6ng oEi ha M kh "au y th%o *hA)ng *h*
th@ng b,ng %&%ct'on:
a. N%
E
O
y
+ P
>
QO
I

R
$

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+QO
>
+ P
>
O
b. Mg + PSO
3

Mg$SO
3
+
>
+ SP
I
SO
3
+ P
>
O
c. N%Q
>
+ P
>
QO
I

%
$

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+QO
>
+ P
>
O
=. T& + PSO
3

T&$SO
3
+
3
+ SO + S
>
O + P
>
O
$Uit V *h9n 6ng = th8 tW khi ca hXn hB* kh5 SO 41 S
>
O "o 4Di hi'o b,ng 1Y(-Z+.
>. Su hin tABng 41 4it *hA)ng t'8nh *h9n 6ng E9y 'a t'ong cc th5 nghim "au:
a. Q[c t\ t\ kh5 "un]u') n =A 41o cc ch6a =ung =3ch b'om.
b. ^_n kh5 o`on 41o =ung =3ch ab( chia =ung =3ch "au *h9n 6ng th1nh hai *h:n: *h:n
1 nhc 41i giJt =ung =3ch hd tinh bte *h:n > nhc 41i giJt =ung =3ch *h%no&*hta&%in.
C:; !# <=(>6?
PXn hB* bt T ch6a Mg 41 N%. Cho 3(1Y gam hXn hB* T tc =[ng 4Di >ZRm& =ung
=3ch CuC&
>
ndng ` $mo&f&5t+. ahu<y /u hXn hB*( &Jc 'a kt ta( thu ABc =ung =3ch U 41
3(gI gam ch<t 'hn ^. ihm 41o =ung =3ch U mt &ABng =A =ung =3ch SaOP &ojng( &Jc kt
ta t#o th1nh( 'di nung kt ta t'ong kh0ng kh5 V nhit cao n khi &ABng kh0ng !i thu
ABc 1(I gam ch<t 'hn k gdm hai oEit kim &o#i. Uit cc *h9n 6ng E9y 'a ho1n to1n.
a. ;it *hA)ng t'8nh ha hJc ca cc *h9n 6ng E9y 'a.
b. i5nh th1nh *h:n *h:n t'@m khi &ABng ca mXi kim &o#i t'ong hXn hB* T 41 gi t'3 `.
THI CH@NH THAC
C:; 4# <=(>6?
1. Po1n th1nh cc *hA)ng t'8nh *h9n 6ng "au 41 cho bit cc ch<t 6ng 4Di cc chl ci T( U(
^( k( m( 2( n( i( o:
a. T + P
>
QO
I

%
$

U+ ^ + k
b. k + m + ^

2 + P
>
QO
I
c. T + 2

n + i
=. T + U

o
%. m + i 2
>. i'8nh b1y *hA)ng *h* ha hJc tch 'ing t\ng ch<t 'a khci hXn hB* ch6a UaO( MgO 41
CuO.
C:; 2# <=(>6?
PGa tan ho1n to1n m gam hXn hB* 2 gdm N%O( N%
>
O
3
41 N%
3
O
I
b,ng &ABng 4\a =ung
=3ch P
>
QO
I
&ojng thu ABc ZRRm& =ung =3ch n. Chia n th1nh > *h:n b,ng nhau:
C0 c#n *h:n 1 thu ABc 31(Y gam hXn hB* mui khan.
Q[c kh5 c&o =A 41o *h:n >( "au khi *h9n 6ng E9y 'a ho1n to1n( c0 c#n =ung =3ch th8
thu ABc 33(3-Z gam hXn hB* mui khan.
a. ;it *hA)ng t'8nh ha hJc cc *h9n 6ng E9y 'a.
b. i5nh m 41 ndng mo&f&5t cc ch<t c t'ong =ung =3ch n.
----------------------------HB/----------------------------
PJ 41 tn th5 "inh ...................................................................Q bo =anh................
Chl k5 gim th3 1.............................................. Chl k5 gim th3 >.............................
Ghi ch: Hc sinh khng dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc
P N V HNG DCN CHDM THI HC SINH GII M"N H$% HC
LP 10 NM HC 01 -01!
IE HNG DCN CHFNG
M PJc "inh &1m th%o cch khc nhAng &L* &uLn png 4_n cho iqm.
M Su hJc "inh gi9i th%o *hA)ng t'8nh *h9n 6ng m1 kh0ng cn b,ng th8 kh0ng cho iqm *h:n
t5nh ton( nu cn b,ng b3 "ai h " ch<t kh0ng " =[ng n ru t'8nh &L* h th8 kh0ng cho iqm
*hA)ng t'8nh nhAng 4_n ch<m kt ru9 gi9i.
C:; 1#
>. Su kh0ng =sng

th8 kh0ng ch<m kt ru9
C:; #
1. ah0ng c:n 4it &#i *hA)ng t'8nh
>. ?h9i nh#t m1u =ung =3ch b'om mDi n m<t m1u
C:; 4#
>. Su hJc "inh " =[ng *hA)ng t'8nh Ua$OP+
>

R
1RRR
%
$ C

UaO + P
>
O th8 4_n ch<*
nhLn nhAng nu Ua$OP+
>

%
$

UaO + P
>
O th8 kh0ng cho iqm *hA)ng t'8nh n1y.
IIE P N-GIHF IHM CHI TIIT
CJF P N
GIHF
IHM
C:; 1# <=(>6?
1E tut v( S &:n &ABt &1 " h#t *( n c t'ong nguyn t M
ta c h *hA)ng t'8nh
> -. 3 >Y
> 1. 3 3R
Z N Z
Z N N
+ = + =


= + =

0K=
*E C<u h8nh %&%ct'on nguyn t ca M &1: 1"
>
>"
>
>*
Y
3"
>
3*
Y
3=
Y
I"
>
M V 0 th6 >Y( chu k8 I nhm ;bbbU t'ong b9ng tu:n ho1n.
0K=
0K=
LE C<u h8nh %&%ct'on ca ion N%
>+
&1: 1"
>
>"
>
>*
Y
3"
>
3*
Y
3=
Y
C<u h8nh %&%ct'on ca ion N%
3+
&1: 1"
>
>"
>
>*
Y
3"
>
3*
Y
3=
Z
0K=
0K=
E ;8 C t#o ABc hB* ch<t kh5 4Di P nn C &1 *hi kim.
mi9 " C thuc nhm E $EI+.
ih%o gi9 thit
c0ng th6c ca C 4Di P &1 CP
gME

aH .1RR
g E
&
& +
c0ng th6c oEit cao nh<t ca C &1 C
>
O
E

bH
>
.1RR .1RR
> 1YE gE
& &
'
& &
=
+ +
"uy 'a
gE 11
C+gME I
a &
'
+
= =

I3E gg
-
&

=
2wt b9ng
E I Z Y -
C 1> c C 1g(1I &o#i >I(>g &o#i 3R(I> &o#i
0K1=
0K1 =
0K1=
*E VM1 N O0 C 0K1=
LE C0ng th6c ca C 4Di P &1 CP
I
C0ng th6c %&%ct'on
P
..
P:C:P
..
P
e C0ng th6c c<u t#o
&
&
P
PMCMP
P
OEti cao nh<t ca C &1

CO
>
C0ng th6c %&%ct'on O:: C ::Oe C0ng th6c c<u t#o OHCHO
0K=
0K=
PE
i'ong hB* ch<t CP
I
c
C H
=
H>(ZZMR(>>HR(3ZxR(I nn &in kt gila
CMP &1 &in kt cng ha t'3 kh0ng c7c
i'ong hB* ch<t CO
>
c R(
O C
=
H3(IIM>(ZZHR(g.

R(Ix
R( g. =
x1(- nn &in kt gila CHO &1 &in kt cng ha t'3 *hn
c7c
0K1=
0K1=
C:; # <=(>6?
1E*E
>N%
E
O
y
+$YEM>y+P
>
QO
I

R
$

EN%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+$3EM>y+QO
>
+$YEM>y+P
>
O
0K12=
0K12=
1ELE IMg + 1RPSO
3

IMg$SO
3
+
>
+ SP
I
SO
3
+ 3P
>
O
IE Mg

Mg
+>
+ >%
1E S
+Z
+ g%

S
M3
0K12=
0K12=
1EPE
>N%Q
>
+ 1IP
>
QO
I

%
$

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+ 1ZQO
>
+ 1IP
>
O
1E >N%Q
>

>N%
+3
+ IQ
+I
+>>%
11E Q
+Y
+>%

Q
+I
0K12=
0K12=
1EQE 1-T& + YYPSO
3

1-T&$SO
3
+
3
+ .SO + 3S
>
O + 33P
>
O
=o
3R II 3
33( Z
1
a ' a
a ' '
+
= =
+
1-E T&

T&
+3
+ 3%
3E ZS
+Z
+1-%

3S
+>
+ >S
+1
0K12=
0K12=
E*E ?hA)ng t'8nh: QO
>
+ P
>
O + U'
>

P
>
QO
I
+ >PU'
M M1u 41ng nu ca =ung =3ch b'om nh#t =:n( cui csng m<t m1u ho1n to1n.
0K2=
0K2=
ELE ?hA)ng t'8nh: O
3
+ P
>
O + >ab

O
>
+ >aOP + b
>
M ?h:n 1 =ung =3ch chuyqn "ang m1u Eanh .
M ?h:n > =ung =3ch chuyqn "ang hdng.
0K2=
0K12=
0K12=
C:; !# <=(>6?
*E DR S )86 &*( RT(/ +U+ M)K C;CO

&B/K VW =X -&Y+ Z+)


?hA)ng t'8nh
Mg + CuC&
>

MgC&
>
+ Cu $1+
N% + CuC&
>

N%C&
>
+ Cu $>+
ahi cho SaOP =A 41o
>SaOP + MgC&
>

Mg$OP+
>
+ >SaC& $3+
>SaOP + N%C&
>

N%$OP+
>
+ >SaC& $I+
ahi nung
Mg$OP+
>
%
$

MgO + P
>
O $Z+
IN%$OP+
>
+O
>
%
$

IN%
>
O
3
+ IP
>
O $Y+
0K12=
0K12=
0K12=
0K12=
0K12=
0K12=
LE [/ \] 6RO P^* VWK M) P_ L*+ =`; O`+ Oab/ O0 TK 1K \] 6RO VW Qa O0 / <TK
1c0K / 0?
C h
>I ZY R 3(1Y R( R1Z
IR YI g 3( gI R( RZ
IR gR gR 1( I R( RI
( ) $ ( *%l
( ) $ ) *%l
( ) $ $ *%l
+ + = =

+ = =


+ = =

VM1 /9R+) &d+ &b- =`; Fm
Mg
e
R( R1Z.>I
.1RR
3(1Y
e11(3.>F
Fm
N%
H1RRFM11(3.>F H gg(YRgF
N8+) =f P^* C;CO

# ` HR(R>Z:R(>ZHR(1M
0K2=
0K2=
0K2=
C:; 4# <=(>6?
1E*E
>N% + YP
>
QO
I

R
$

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+ 3QO
>
+ YP
>
O
T U k ^
0K=
1ELE QO
>
+ P
>
O + C&
>

P
>
QO
I
+ >PC&
S D G g
0K=
1EPE N% + PC&

N%C&
>
+ P
>
T 2 n i
0K=
1EQE N% + N%
>
$QO
I
+
3

3N%QO
I

% G h
0K=
1EWE
C&
>
+ P
>

TQ
>PC&
G T g
0K=
E M PGa hXn hB* UaO( MgO( CuO 41o nADc
+ ?h:n kh0ng tan &1 MgO( CuO
+ ?h:n tan c UaO
UaO + P
>
O

Ua$OP+
>
0K2=
M Cho Sa
>
CO
3
=A 41o =ung =3ch &Jc kt ta nung V nhit cao n khi *h9n
6ng E9y 'a ho1n to1n thu ch<t 'hn &1 UaO
Ua$OP+
>
+ Sa
>
CO
3

UaCO
3
+ >SaOP
UaCO
3

R
$

UaO + CO
>

0K2=
M ?h:n kh0ng tan &1 MgO( CuO
+ ^_n P
>
=A rua hXn hB* MgO( CuO nung nng
CuO + P
>

R
$

Cu + P
>
O
+ PGa tan ch<t '@n "au nung b,ng PC& =A( ch<t 'hn kh0ng tan &1 Cu.
MgO + >PC&

MgC&
>
+ P
>
O
0K2=
M Cho SaOP =A 41o =ung =3ch "au khi hGa tan b,ng PC&
PC& + SaOP

SaC& + P
>
O
MgC&
>
+ >SaOP

Mg$OP+
>
+ >SaC&
nung kt ta
Mg$OP+
>
R
$

MgO+ P
>
O
0K2=
C:; 2# <=(>6?
*E P&ai+) /9j+&
+ ahi hGa T b,ng aEit P
>
QO
I
&ojng
N%O + P
>
QO
I

N%QO
I
+ P
>
O $1+
N%
>
O
3
+ 3P
>
QO
I

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+ 3P
>
O $>+
N%
3
O
I
+ IP
>
QO
I

N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+ N%QO
I
+ 3P
>
O $3+
Qau *h9n 6ng =ung =3ch chW c > mui $E+`+mo& N%QO
I
41 $y+`+ mo&
N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
+ ahi "[c kh5 C&
>
41o =ung =3ch "au *h9n 6ng chW c N%QO
I
*h9n 6ng
0K12=
0K12=
0K12=
YN%QO
I
+ 3C&
>

>N%C&
3
+ >N%
>
$QO
I
+
3
$I+
0K12=
LE T&WR L0( /* P_ &k -&ai+) /9j+&
->E+1YRy+>3>`Hmf> $b+
1Z>$E+`++IRR$y+`+H31(Y $bb+
1g-(Z$E+`++IRR$y+`+H33(3-Z $bbb+

i\ bb( bbb ta c E+`H R(RZe y+`HR(RY


Mut khc t\ b ta c mH>.y ->$E+`+ + 1YR$y+`+zH>Y(I gam
;Ly mH >Y(Ig
I
N%QO
C
HR(>Me
> I 3
N% $QO +
C
HR(>IM
0K2=
0K2=
0K2=

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMPtMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

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