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TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.

CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895


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LI NI U 2
Phn A: 10 PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM HA HC

Phng php 1: p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ................................... 3
Phng php 2: Bo ton mol nguyn t .......................................................... 10
Phng php 3: Bo ton mol electron ............................................................. 18
Phng php 4: S dng phng trnh ion - electron ....................................... 28
Phng php 5: S dng cc gi tr trung bnh ................................................. 37
Phng php 6: Tng gim khi lng ............................................................. 43
Phng php 7: Qui i hn hp nhiu cht v s lng cht t hn ............... 56
Phng php 8: S ng cho ................................................................... 64
Phng php 9: Cc i lng dng khi qut ............................................... 69
Phng php 10: T chn lng cht ............................................................... 80
Cc cng thc gii nhanh .................................................................................... 89

Phn B: CC CHUYN TRONG HA HU C ............................................

Chuyn 01 i cng ha hu c ................................................................ 96
Chuyn 02 Hydrocacbon no .......................................................................... 103
Chuyn 03 Hydrocacbon khng no ............................................................... 110
Chuyn 04 Dn xut Halogen, Phenol, Ancol .............................................. 122
Chuyn 05 Anehyt, Xeton, Axitcacboxilic ................................................ 131
Chuyn 06 Este-Cht bo ........................................................................... 140
Chuyn 07 Cacbonhydrat ............................................................................. 148
Chuyn 08 Amin-Amino axit-Petit-Protein ................................................. 157
Chuyn 09 Polime-Vt liu polime ............................................................ 169
Tng hp thi i hc-cao ng ha hu c ................................................... 178

Phn C: CC CHUYN TRONG HA HC V C

Chuyn 01 Nguyn t-H thng tun hon, Lin kt ha hc ...................... 210
Chuyn 02 Kim loi .................................................................................... 239
Chuyn 03 Phi kim ........................................................................................ 341
Chuyn 04 Mui ............................................................................................ 354
Chuyn 05 Oxit ............................................................................................. 371
Chuyn 06 Axit ............................................................................................. 377
Chuyn 07 Baz ............................................................................................. 391
Tng hp thi i hc-cao ng ha v c ...................................................... 395
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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LI NI U
gip cho Gio vin v hc sinh n tp, luyn tp v vn dng cc kin thc cng nh gii
cc bi tp trc nghim mn ha hc v c bit khi gii nhng bi tp cn phi tnh ton mt cch
nhanh nht, thun li nht ng thi p ng cho k thi tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng.
Xin trn trng gii thiu cun : Ti liu luyn thi i hc
Cu trc ca ti liu gm 3 phn:
Phn A : Gii thiu 10 phng php gii nhanh trc nghim ha hc.
Phn B : H thng cc chuyn trong ha hc hu c.
Phn C : H thng cc chuyn trong ha hc v c.
Ti liu ny c tng hp t nhiu ngun khc nhau, hy vng s gip t cho bn c. Cui li
xin chn thnh cm n nhng kin ng gp xy dng ca Qu Thy,C gio, cc ng nghip
v bn c.

Trn trng knh cho !




TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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PHN A
PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM
Phng php 1
P DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht to thnh trong
phn ng.
V d 1 : (TSH Khi A 2013) Hn hp X gm H
2
, C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
c t khi so vi H
2
l 9,25.
Cho 22,4 lt X (ktc) vo bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn
hp kh Y c t khi so vi H
2
bng 10. Tng s mol H
2
phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol B. 0,015 mol C. 0,075 mol D. 0,050 mol
HNG DN GII
S mol gim bng s mol H
2
phn ng.
18, 5
1 0, 075
20
=
V d 2: (TSC Khi A 2008) Cho 0,1 mol este to bi 2 ln axit v ru mt ln ru tc dng
hon ton vi NaOH thu c 6,4 gam ru v mt lng mi c khi lng nhiu hn
lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng este). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este.
A. CH
3
COO CH
3
.
B. CH
3
OOCCOOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCOOCH
3
.
D. CH
3
COOCH
2
COOCH
3
.
Hng dn gii
R(COOR')
2
+ 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ 2R'OH
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 mol

R OH
6,4
M 32
0,2
'
= = Ru CH
3
OH.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
este
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
ru

m
mui
m
este
= 0,240 64 = 1,6 gam.
m m
mui
m
este
=
13,56
100
m
este
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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m
este
=
1,6 100
11,8 gam
13,56

= M
este
= 118 vC
R + (44 + 15)2 = 118 R = 0.
Vy cng thc cu to ca este l CH
3
OCOCOOCH
3
. (p n B)
V d 3: (TSH Khi A 2007) Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng
phn ca nhau bng dung dch NaOH thu c 11,08 gam hn hp mui v 5,56 gam hn
hp ru. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 este.
A. HCOOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
,
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
D. C B, C u ng.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc trung bnh tng qut ca hai este n chc ng phn l RCOOR' .
RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH
11,44 11,08 5,56 gam
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
M
NaOH
= 11,08 + 5,56 11,44 = 5,2 gam

NaOH
5,2
n 0,13 mol
40
= =

RCOONa
11,08
M 85,23
0,13
= = R 18,23 =

R OH
5,56
M 42,77
0,13
'
= = R 25,77 ' =

RCOOR
11,44
M 88
0,13
'
= =
CTPT ca este l C
4
H
8
O
2

Vy cng thc cu to 2 este ng phn l:
HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

hoc C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. (p n D)
V d 4: (TSC Khi B 2010) Chia hn hp gm hai anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng
nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam H
2
O.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em t chy hon ton th
th tch kh CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Phn 1: V anehit no n chc nn
2 2
CO H O
n n = = 0,06 mol.

2
CO C
n n 0,06
(phn2) (phn2)
= = mol.
Theo bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng ta c:

C C (A)
n n 0,06
(phn2)
= = mol.

2
CO (A)
n = 0,06 mol

2
CO
V = 22,40,06 = 1,344 lt. (p n C)
V d 5: (TSH Khi B 2009) Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm
FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng 4,784
gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 9,062
gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp A l
A. 86,96%. B. 16,04%. C. 13,04%. D.6,01%.
Hng dn gii
0,04 mol hn hp A (FeO v Fe
2
O
3
) + CO 4,784 gam hn hp B + CO
2
.
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2 d
BaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O

2 3
CO BaCO
n n 0,046 mol = =
v
2
CO( ) CO
n n 0,046 mol
p.
= =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
A
+ m
CO
= m
B
+
2
CO
m
m
A
= 4,784 + 0,04644 0,04628 = 5,52 gam.
t n
FeO
= x mol,
2
Fe O
3
n y mol = trong hn hp B ta c:

x y 0,04
72x 160y 5,52
+ =

+ =


x 0,01 mol
y 0,03 mol
=


%m
FeO
=
0,01 72 101
13,04%
5,52

=
%Fe
2
O
3
= 86,96%. (p n A)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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V d 6: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn
hp X nung nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s
v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam. B. 35,2 gam. C. 70,4 gam. D. 140,8
gam.
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
o
t
2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
(1)
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
o
t
3FeO + CO
2
(2)
FeO + CO
o
t
Fe + CO
2
(3)
Nh vy cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
hoc t hn, iu khng quan trng
v vic cn bng cc phng trnh trn cng khng cn thit, quan trng l s mol CO phn ng
bao gi cng bng s mol CO
2
to thnh.

B
11,2
n 0,5
22,5
= = mol.
Gi x l s mol ca CO
2
ta c phng trnh v khi lng ca B:
44x + 28(0,5 x) = 0,5 20,4 2 = 20,4
nhn c x = 0,4 mol v cng chnh l s mol CO tham gia phn ng.
Theo LBTKL ta c:
m
X
+ m
CO
= m
A
+
2
CO
m
m = 64 + 0,4 44 0,4 28 = 70,4 gam. (p n C)
V d 7: (TSH Khi B 2007) un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c
140
o
C thu c hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S
mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l bao nhiu?
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,4 mol. D. 0,2
mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ru tch nc iu kin H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C th to thnh 6 loi ete v
tch ra 6 phn t H
2
O.
Theo LBTKL ta c

2
H O ete
m m m 132,8 11,2 21,6 = = =
ru
gam

2
H O
21,6
n 1, 2
18
= = mol.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Mt khc c hai phn t ru th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H
2
O do s mol H
2
O
lun bng s mol ete, suy ra s mol mi ete l
1, 2
0, 2
6
= mol. (p n D)
V d 8: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
63%. Sau
phn ng thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO
2
duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc
cht c trong dung dch A.
A. 36,66% v 28,48%. B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%. D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Hng dn gii
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
Cu + 4HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O

2
NO
n 0,5 = mol
3 2
HNO NO
n 2n 1 = = mol.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

2
2
3
NO
d HNO
m m m m
1 63 100
12 46 0,5 89 gam.
63
= +

= + =
2 2
d mui h k.loi

t n
Fe
= x mol, n
Cu
= y mol ta c:

56x 64y 12
3x 2y 0,5
+ =

+ =


x 0,1
y 0,1
=



3 3
Fe( NO )
0,1 242 100
%m 27,19%
89

= =

3 2
Cu( NO )
0,1 188 100
%m 21,12%.
89

= = (p n B)
V d 9:( TSH Khi A 2013) Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit
Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong
c 30 gam glyxin v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,6 B. 83,2 C. 87,4 D. 73,4

HNG DN GII
Goi x l s mol Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val; y l s mol Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu
2x+2y=30:75=0,4 v 2x+y=28,48:89=0,32
x=0,12 v y=0,08
m=0,12(752+892+1172-185)+0,08(752+89+147318)=83,2
V d 10: Hn hp A gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
2
)
2
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit
phn hon ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm CaCl
2
, KCl v 17,472 lt kh ( ktc). Cho
cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K
2
CO
3
0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. %
khi lng KClO
3
c trong A l
A. 47,83%. B. 56,72%. C. 54,67%. D. 58,55%.
Hng dn gii

o
o
o
2
t
3 2
t
3 2 2 2
t
2 2 2 2
2 2
( A) ( A)
h B
3
KClO KCl O (1)
2
Ca(ClO ) CaCl 3O (2)
83,68 gam A Ca(ClO ) CaCl 2O (3)
CaCl CaCl
KCl KCl




2
O
n 0,78 mol. =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
A
= m
B
+
2
O
m
m
B
= 83,68 320,78 = 58,72 gam.
Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 0,18 mol K
2
CO
3

Hn hp B
2 2 3 3
(B) (B)
CaCl K CO CaCO 2KCl (4)
0,18 0,18 0,36 mol
KCl KCl
+
+ +


`

)
hn hp D

( B) 2
KCl B CaCl ( B)
m m m
58,72 0,18 111 38,74 gam
=
= =


( D)
KCl KCl ( B) KCl ( pt 4)
m m m
38,74 0,36 74,5 65,56 gam
= +
= + =


( A) ( D)
KCl KCl
3 3
m m 65,56 8,94 gam
22 22
= = =

(B) (A)
KCl pt (1) KCl KCl
m = m m 38,74 8,94 29,8 gam. = =
Theo phn ng (1):

3
KClO
29,8
m 122,5 49 gam.
74,5
= =

3
KClO ( A)
49 100
%m 58,55%.
83,68

= = (p n D)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S DNG NH
LUT BO TON KHI LNG
01. (TSH Khi A 2008) : un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,04 mol H
2
vi xc tc
Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh
ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O
2

l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,32 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,20 gam.
02. (TSH Khi A 2009 ) : Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu
c 15 gam mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A.4. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
03. (TSH Khi A 2007): Aminoaxit X cha mt nhm -NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit
HCl (d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l :
A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
04. (TSH Khi B 2008): t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh
ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
. C. C
2
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
.
05. (TSH Khi B 2010): t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, hai
ch c, mch h) c n v a u V li t khi O
2
, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
v 12,6 gam H
2
O (cc th tch
kh o ktc). Tnh V.
A. 14,56 . B. 15,46. C. 16,8. D. 8,96.
06. Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi nhm I
A
hai chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl
d thu c 4,48 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui tan. Tn hai kim loi v khi
lng m l
A. 11 gam; Li v Na. B. 18,6 gam; Li v Na.
C. 18,6 gam; Na v K. D. 12,7 gam; Na v K.
07. (TSH Khi A 2012): Hn hp X gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl nng 82,3 gam. Nhit
phn hon ton X ta thu c cht rn Y gm CaCl
2
, KCl v 13,44 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Cho
cht rn Y tc dng vi 0,3 lt dung dch K
2
CO
3
1 M (va ) dung dch Z. Lng KCl
trong dung dch Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl c trong X. % khi lng KCl c trong X l
A. 47,83%. B. 18,10%. C. 54,67%. D. 58,55%.
08 . (TSH Khi A 2011) un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3
vi mt lng dung dch HNO
3
. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung
dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v NO
2
(khng c sn phm kh khc ca N
+5
). Bit
lng HNO
3
phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.50,4. B. 40,5. C. 44,8. D. 33,6.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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09. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
thu
c 6,72 lt kh NO v dung dch X. em c cn dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan?
A. 77,1 gam. B. 71,7 gam. C. 17,7 gam. D. 53,1 gam.
10. (TSH Khi A 2010): t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hai hirocacbon X v Y
(MY > MX), thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H4. B. CH4. C. C2H6. D. C2H2.
11. (TSH Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3
nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn
hp ban u l
A.0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
12. t chy hon ton 18 gam FeS
2
v cho ton b lng SO
2
vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2

0,125M. Khi lng mui to thnh l
A. 57,40 gam. B. 56,35 gam. C. 59,17 gam. D.58,35 gam.
13. (TSH Khi A 2008): t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu
c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Thnh phn phn trm v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp
M ln lt l
A . 50% v 50%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 35% v 65%.
14. (TSH Khi A 2012) Cho 2,43 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg, Zn tc dng vi lng d dung
dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 1,12 lt
kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,83 . B. 5,83. C. 7,23. D. 7,33.
15. (TSH Khi A 2009) Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn
ng l
A.101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.

Phng php 2
BO TON MOL NGUYN T
V d 1 : (TSH Khi A 2013) Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C2H2; 0,65 mol H2 v mt t
bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 bng 8. Sc X
vo lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v
24 gam kt ta. Hn hp kh Y phn ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br2 trong dung dch?
A. 0,10 mol. B. 0,20 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,15 mol

HNG DN GII
Bo ton s mol lin kt t
0,35 26 0,65 2 24
0,35 2 (0,35 0,65 ) 2 0,15
16 240
+
+ =

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V d 2: (TSH Khi A 2009) Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H
2
i qua mt ng
ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit: CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, Al
2
O
3
nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau
phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp kh v hi nng hn khi lng ca
hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m.
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam. B. 0,448 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam. D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit trn l
CO + O CO
2

H
2
+ O H
2
O.
Khi lng hn hp kh to thnh nng hn hn hp kh ban u chnh l khi lng ca
nguyn t Oxi trong cc oxit tham gia phn ng. Do vy:
m
O
= 0,32 gam.

O
0,32
n 0,02 mol
16
= =

( )
2
CO H
n n 0,02 mol + = .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
oxit
= m
cht rn
+ 0,32
16,8 = m + 0,32
m = 16,48 gam.

2
hh(CO H )
V 0,02 22,4 0,448
+
= = lt. (p n D)
V d 3: (TSH Khi B 2013) Hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th. Ha
tan hon ton 1,788 gam X vo nc, thu c dung dch Y v 537,6 ml kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch
Z gm H
2
SO
4
v HCl, trong s mol ca HCl gp hai ln s mol ca H
2
SO
4
. Trung ha dung
dch Y bng dung dch Z to ra m gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,656 B. 4,460 C. 2,790 D. 3,792
Li gii
C nH
2
SO
4
= x mol; n HCl = 2x mol
4x = 0,024.2 => x = 0,012 mol => m mui = 1,788 + 0,024.35,5 + 0,012.96 = 3,792 gam
V d 4: (TSH Khi B 2007) Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO
(d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32
gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,92 gam. B. 0,32 gam. C. 0,64 gam. D. 0,46 gam.
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Hng dn gii
C
n
H
2n+1
CH
2
OH + CuO
o
t
C
n
H
2n+1
CHO + Cu
+
+ H
2
O
Khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim chnh l s gam nguyn t O trong CuO phn ng. Do
nhn c:
m
O
= 0,32 gam
O
0,32
n 0,02 mol
16
= =
Hn hp hi gm:
n 2n 1
2
C H CHO : 0,02 mol
H O : 0,02 mol.
+


Vy hn hp hi c tng s mol l 0,04 mol.
C M= 31
m
hh hi
= 31 0,04 = 1,24 gam.
m
ancol
+ 0,32 = m
hh hi

m
ancol
= 1,24 0,32 = 0,92 gam. (p n A)
Ch : Vi ru bc (I) hoc ru bc (II) u tha mn u bi.
V d 5: (TSH Khi A 2008) t chy hon ton 4,04 gam mt hn hp bt kim loi gm Al, Fe,
Cu trong khng kh thu c 5,96 gam hn hp 3 oxit. Ha tan ht hn hp 3 oxit bng
dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng.
A. 0,5 lt. B. 0,7 lt. C. 0,12 lt. D. 1 lt.
Hng dn gii
m
O
= m
oxit
m
kl
= 5,96 4,04 = 1,92 gam.

O
1,92
n 0,12 mol
16
= = .
Ha tan ht hn hp ba oxit bng dung dch HCl to thnh H
2
O nh sau:
2H
+
+ O
2
H
2
O
0,24 0,12 mol

HCl
0, 24
V 0,12
2
= = lt. (p n C)
V d 6: (TSC Khi A 2010) t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacbonxylic n chc cn va
V lt O
2
( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96 lt. B. 11,2 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
Axit cacbonxylic n chc c 2 nguyn t Oxi nn c th t l RO
2
. Vy:
2 2 2 2
O (RO ) O (CO ) O (CO ) O (H O)
n n n n + = +
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0,12 + n
O (p.)
= 0,32 + 0,21
n
O (p.)
= 0,6 mol

2
O
n 0,3 mol =

2
O
V 6,72 = lt. (p n C)
V d 7: (TSC Khi A 2007) Cho 4,48 lt CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam
mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so
vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn
hp kh sau phn ng l
A. FeO; 75%. B. Fe
2
O
3
; 75%.
C. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%. D. Fe
3
O
4
; 65%.
Hng dn gii
Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2

Kh thu c c M 40 = gm 2 kh CO
2
v CO d




2
CO
CO
n
3
n 1
=
2
CO
%V 75% = .
Mt khc:
2
CO ( ) CO
75
n n 0,2 0,15
100
p.
= = = mol n
CO d
= 0,05 mol.
Thc cht phn ng kh oxit st l do
CO + O
(trong oxit st)
CO
2

n
CO
= n
O
= 0,15 mol m
O
= 0,1516 = 2,4 gam
m
Fe
= 8 2,4 = 5,6 gam n
Fe
= 0,1 mol.
Theo phng trnh phn ng ta c:

2
Fe
CO
n x 0,1 2
n y 0,15 3
= = = Fe
2
O
3
. (p n B)
V d 8: Cho hn hp A gm Al, Zn, Mg. em oxi ho hon ton 28,6 gam A bng oxi d thu
c 44,6 gam hn hp oxit B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch D.
C cn dung dch D c hn hp mui khan l
A. 99,6 gam. B. 49,8 gam.
C. 74,7 gam. D. 100,8 gam.
2
CO
CO
n 44 12
40
n 28 4
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Hng dn gii
Gi M l kim loi i din cho ba kim loi trn vi ho tr l n.
M +
n
2
O
2
M
2
O
n
(1)
M
2
O
n
+ 2nHCl 2MCl
n
+ nH
2
O (2)
Theo phng trnh (1) (2)
2
HCl O
n 4.n = .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
2
O
m 44,6 28,6 16 = = gam

2
O
n 0,5 = mol n
HCl
= 40,5 = 2 mol

Cl
n 2 mol

=
m
mui
= m
hhkl
+
Cl
m

= 28,6 + 235,5 = 99,6 gam. (p n A)
V d 9: (TSC Khi A 2010) Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03 mol
Fe
2
O
3
(hn hp A) t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 4,784 gam cht rn B
gm 4 cht. Ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H
2
( ktc).
Tnh s mol oxit st t trong hn hp B. Bit rng trong B s mol oxit st t bng 1/3 tng
s mol st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit.
A. 0,006. B. 0,008. C. 0,01. D. 0,012.
Hng dn gii
Hn hp A
2 3
FeO : 0,01 mol
Fe O : 0,03 mol

+ CO 4,784 gam B (Fe, Fe


2
O
3
, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
) tng ng vi
s mol l: a, b, c, d (mol).
Ho tan B bng dung dch HCl d thu c
2
H
n 0,028 = mol.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

a = 0,028 mol. (1)
Theo u bi:
( )
3 4 2 3
Fe O FeO Fe O
1
n n n
3
= + ( )
1
d b c
3
= + (2)
Tng m
B
l: (56.a + 160.b + 72.c + 232.d) = 4,78 gam. (3)
S mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp A bng s mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp B. Ta c:
n
Fe (A)
= 0,01 + 0,032 = 0,07 mol
n
Fe (B)
= a + 2b + c + 3d
a + 2b + c + 3d = 0,07 (4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4) b = 0,006 mol
c = 0,012 mol
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d = 0,006 mol. (p n A)
V d 10: (TSH Khi B 2013) Ha tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg bng dung
dch
2 4
H SO long (d), thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y thu c kt ta Z.
Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c m gam cht rn. Bit cc phn ng
u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24 B. 20 C. 36 D. 18

m = m Fe
2
O
3
+ m MgO = 0,1.160 + 0,1.40 = 20 gam
V d 11: (TSH Khi A 2011) Hn hp M gm mt anken v hai amin no, n chc, mch h X
v Y l ng ng k tip (M
X
< M
Y
). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 4,536 lt O
2

(ktc) thu c H
2
O, N
2
v 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cht Y l
A. etylmetylamin. B. butylamin. C. etylamin. D. propylamin.
HD 1: bi ny cng kh cht thi,
2
2 2
n 2n O
2m+3 1
m 2m+3 2 2 2 2 2
nCO + nH O
C H
C H N
mCO + H O + N


Bo ton nguyn t:
2 2 2
H O O CO
n 2.n 2.n 2.0, 2025 2.0,1 0, 205 = = =
2 2
amin H O CO amin
3
n n n 0, 205 0,1 0,105 n 0, 07
2
= = = = mol m <
2
CO
amin
n
0,1
1, 43
n 0, 07
= =
Hai amin l CH
3
NH
2
(X) v C
2
H
5
NH
2
(Y). Vy Y l etylamin.
HD 2: AD bo ton oxi ta c 0,205 mol H
2
O (O pu = O nc + O
CO2
)
C
m
H
2m
+ 3m/2 O
2

chay
mCO
2
+ m H
2
O

2C
n
H
2n+3
N
chay
2nCO
2
+ (2n+3) H
2
O + N
2
Do anken s mol H
2
O = CO
2
nn: Ta c :
2n (2n+3)
= => n = 1,4
0,1 0,205
Hai amin l CH
3
NH
2

(X) v C
2
H
5
NH
2
(Y). Vy Y l etylamin.
V d 12: (TSH Khi A 2007) un hai ru n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C c hn hp ba
ete. Ly 0,72 gam mt trong ba ete em t chy hon ton thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
v
0,72 gam H
2
O. Hai ru l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
5
OH.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca mt trong ba ete l C
x
H
y
O, ta c:

C
0,72
m 12 0,48
44
= = gam ;
H
0,72
m 2 0,08
18
= = gam
m
O
= 0,72 0,48 0,08 = 0,16 gam.
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0,48 0,08 0,16
x : y :1 : :
12 1 16
= = 4 : 8 : 1.
Cng thc phn t ca mt trong ba ete l C
4
H
8
O.
Cng thc cu to l CH
3
OCH
2
CH=CH
2
.
Vy hai ancol l CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH. (p n D)

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP BO TON MOL
NGUYN T
01. (Khi A 2011) Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh
(gm 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c mt cht rn duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14%
SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l
A.59,46%. B. 42,31%. C. 26,83%. D. 19,64%
02. (TSH Khi A 2008) Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp
250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4
chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 224,0.
03. (TSH - Khi A 2009) Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch
HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi
14,6 gam hn hp X l
A.2,80 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
04. (Khi A 2011) Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H2 l
17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung
dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,3. B. 6,6. C. 3,39. D. 5,85.
05. (TSC - Khi A 2010)Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu
c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng
ng l 4 : 1. Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A.13,70 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 18,46 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
06. (TSC - Khi A 2009) Hn hp X gm Mg v Al
2
O
3
. Cho 3 gam X tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d gii phng V lt kh (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH
3
d, lc
v nung kt ta c 4,12 gam bt oxit. V c gi tr l:
A. 1,12 lt. B. 1,344 lt. C. 1,568 lt. D. 2,016 lt.
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07. (TSC - Khi A 2011) Hn hp A gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d gii phng 0,1 gam kh. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi kh clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn
hp mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong A l
A. 8,4%. B. 16,8%. C. 19,2%. D. 22,4%.
08. ( TSC - Khi A 2007) t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan,
propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh Oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) v 9,9 gam H
2
O. Th tch khng kh (ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon
ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
09. (TSH - Khi A 2009) Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc
dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung
dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A.57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
10.(TSC - Khi A 2010) : Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin
tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp
Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh
(cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A.CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H4 v C3H6.
C. C2H6 v C3H8. D C3H6 v C4H8.
11.(TSC - Khi A 2008) Ha tan hon ton13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe vi lng
d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v
7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
12. t chy hn hp hirocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. Th tch O
2

tham gia phn ng chy (ktc) l
A. 5,6 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt
13 :(TSC - Khi A 2007)Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam
mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro
bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng
l
A.FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 75%
14:(TSH - Khi A 2012) : t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no,
n chc, mch h v mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc
nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v
0,4 mol H
2
O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu c m
gam
este. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,16. B. 4,08. C. 2,04. D. 6,12.
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15:Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe
2
O
3
trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh
H
2
ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 13,6 gam. B. 17,6 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 29,6 gam.
16 :(TSH - Khi A 2010) Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng
nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C
cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi
O2 (d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A.2,016 lt. B. 1,008 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,344 lt
Phng php 3
BO TON MOL ELECTRON
Trc ht cn nhn mnh y khng phi l phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh,
mc d phng php thng bng electron dng cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh cng da trn
s bo ton electron.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: khi c nhiu cht oxi ha, cht kh trong mt hn hp
phn ng (nhiu phn ng hoc phn ng qua nhiu giai on) th tng s electron ca cc cht
kh cho phi bng tng s electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn. Ta ch cn nhn nh ng trng thi
u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha hoc cht kh, thm ch khng cn quan tm n vic
cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng. Phng php ny c bit l th i vi cc bi ton cn phi
bin lun nhiu trng hp c th xy ra.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh.
V d 1 : (TSH-KHI B-2007) Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn
X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
(d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn
phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,52 gam. B. 2,22 gam. C. 2,62 gam. D. 2,32 gam.
Hng dn gii
m gam Fe + O
2
3 gam hn hp cht rn X
3
HNO d
0,56 lt NO.
Thc cht cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh trn l:
Cho e: Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e

m
56

3m
56
mol e
Nhn e: O
2
+ 4e 2O
2
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2


3 m
32


4(3 m)
32

mol e 0,075 mol 0,025 mol


TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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3m
56
=
4(3 m)
32

+ 0,075
m = 2,52 gam. (p n A)

V d 2:(TSH-KHI A-2013) Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H2SO4 v HNO3,
thu c dung dch X v 1,12 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H2SO4 d vo bnh thu c 0,448
lt kh NO v dung dch Y. Bit trong c hai trng hp NO l sn phn kh duy nht, o iu
kin tiu chun. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 2,08 gam Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca
N+5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,40 B. 4,20 C. 4,06 D. 3,92

HNG DN GII
Bo ton electron :
m 2, 08 1,12 0, 448
2 2 3
56 64 22, 4
+
+ =

V d 3: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (n
Al
= n
Fe
) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
v
AgNO
3
. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton
cht rn A vo dung dch HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht
rn khng tan B. Nng C
M
ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v ca AgNO
3
ln lt l
A. 2M v 1M. B. 1M v 2M.
C. 0,2M v 0,1M. D. kt qu khc.
Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
Al
= n
Fe
=
8,3
0,1 mol.
83
=
t
3
AgNO
n x mol = v
3 2
Cu( NO )
n y mol =
X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi.
Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui ht.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
Al Al
3+
+ 3e Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2
Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol.
Qu trnh kh:
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu 2H
+
+ 2e H
2

x x x y 2y y 0,1 0,05
Tng s e mol nhn bng (x + 2y + 0,1).
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Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh:
x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4 (1)
Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l: Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol.
108x + 64y = 28 (2)
Gii h (1), (2) ta c:
x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol.

3
MAgNO
0,2
C
0,1
= = 2M;
3 2
MCu( NO )
0,1
C
0,1
= = 1M. (p n B)
V d 4: (TSH-KHI B-2013) Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 1,6 gam Cu trong
500 ml dung dch hn hp HNO
3
0,1M v HCl 0,4M, thu c kh NO (kh duy nht) v dung dch
X. Cho X vo dung dch AgNO
3
d, thu c m gam cht rn, Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon
ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N
+5
trong cc phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,24 B. 30,05 C. 28,70 D. 34,10

Li gii
Bo ton e trn ton b qu trnh (s thy e nhng ht, e nhn tnh theo H
+
v NO
3
-
trn ton b
qu trnh d)
3n
Fe
+ 2n
Cu
= n H
+
+ n Ag
+
( to Ag) => n
Ag
= 0,05.3 + 0,025.2 - 0,25.3 : 4 = 0,0125 mol
m = 0,2.143,5 + 0,0125.108 = 30,05 gam (c Ag v AgCl)
Chn B.
V d 5: (TSH-KHI B-2013) Cho m gam mt oxit st phn ng va vi 0,75 mol H
2
SO
4
,
thu c dung dch ch cha mt mui duy nht v 1,68 lt kh SO
2
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht
ca S
+6
). Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,0. B. 34,8. C. 10,8. D. 46,4.
Li gii
Bo ton S c: nFe
2
(SO
4
)
3
= (0,75 0,075) : 3 = 0,225 mol => n Fe = 0,45 mol
Bo ton e c: nO = (0,45.3 0,075.2 ) : 2 = 0,6 mol => m = 0,45.56 + 0,6.16 = 34,8 gam
V d 6: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R
1
, R
2
c ho tr x, y khng i (R
1
, R
2
khng tc dng vi
nc v ng trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn
ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc.
Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c bao
nhiu lt N
2
. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Trong bi ton ny c 2 th nghim:
TN1: R
1
v R
2
nhng e cho Cu
2+
chuyn thnh Cu sau Cu li nhng e cho
5
N
+
thnh
2
N
+
(NO). S mol e do R
1
v R
2
nhng ra l
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5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

0,15 05 , 0
4 , 22
12 , 1
=
TN2: R
1
v R
2
trc tip nhng e cho
5
N
+
to ra N
2
. Gi x l s mol N
2
, th s mol e thu vo
l
2
5
N
+
+ 10e
0
2
N
10x x mol
Ta c: 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015

2
N
V = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. (p n B)
V d 7: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c hn
hp kh gm 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO
2
. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
A. 10,08 gam. B. 6,59 gam. C. 5,69 gam. D. 5,96 gam.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al.
Nhng e: Cu =
2
Cu
+
+ 2e Mg =
2
Mg
+
+ 2e Al =
3
Al
+
+ 3e
x x 2x y y 2y z z 3z
Thu e:
5
N
+
+ 3e =
2
N
+
(NO)
5
N
+
+ 1e =
4
N
+
(NO
2
)
0,03 0,01 0,04 0,04
Ta c: 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07
v 0,07 cng chnh l s mol NO
3


Khi lng mui nitrat l:
1,35 + 620,07 = 5,69 gam. (p n C)
Cch 2:
Nhn nh mi: Khi cho kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO
3
to
hn hp 2 kh NO v NO
2
th

3 2
HNO NO NO
n 2n 4n = +

3
HNO
n 2 0,04 4 0,01 0,12 = + = mol

2
H O
n 0, 06 = mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

3 2 2
KL HNO mui NO NO H O
m m m m m m + = + + +
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1,35 + 0,1263 = m
mui
+ 0,0130 + 0,0446 + 0,0618
m
mui
= 5,69 gam.
V d 8: ( Khi A - TSH - 2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng
axit HNO
3
, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO
2
) v dung dch Y (ch
cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Hng dn gii
t n
Fe
= n
Cu
= a mol 56a + 64a = 12 a = 0,1 mol.
Cho e: Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2
Nhn e: N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4

3x x y y
Tng n
e
cho bng tng n
e
nhn.
3x + y = 0,5
Mt khc: 30x + 46y = 192(x + y).
x = 0,125 ; y = 0,125.
V
hh kh (ktc)
= 0,125222,4 = 5,6 lt. (p n C)
V d 9: (TSH - Khi A 2013) Hn hp X gm 3,92 gam Fe, 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
v m gam Al. Nung
X nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh
hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu c 4a mol kh H
2
.
Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c a mol kh H
2
. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,40 B. 3,51 C. 7,02 D. 4,05
HNG DN GII
S mol electron trao i :
16 16 3, 92 16
( 2) 3 2 2 2 4 ( 2) 3
27 160 160 56 27 160
+ + =
m m

m=7,02
Cach khc :
Al d--> khng cn Fe2O3
S mol Al trong mi phn =0,2a:3 s mol Fe trong mi phn =4aa=(3,92:56+16:1602):2--
>a=0,045
m=(0,2a:32+16:1602)27=7,02
V d 10: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr
khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau:
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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- Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long to ra 3,36 lt
kh H
2
.
- Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht).
Bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
t hai kim loi A, B l M.
- Phn 1: M + nH
+
M
n+
+
2
n
H
2
(1)
- Phn 2: 3M + 4nH
+
+ nNO
3

3M
n+
+ nNO + 2nH
2
O (2)
Theo (1): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca 2H
+
nhn;
Theo (2): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca N
+5
nhn.
Vy s mol e nhn ca 2H
+
bng s mol e nhn ca N
+5
.
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
v N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

0,3 0,15 mol 0,3 0,1 mol
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt. (p n A)
V d 11: Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
ly d, ta c hn hp gm hai kh NO
2
v NO
c V
X
= 8,96 lt (ktc) v t khi i vi O
2
bng 1,3125. Xc nh %NO v %NO
2
theo
th tch trong hn hp X v khi lng m ca Fe dng?
A. 25% v 75%; 1,12 gam. B. 25% v 75%; 11,2 gam.
C. 35% v 65%; 11,2 gam. D. 45% v 55%; 1,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
X
= 0,4 mol; M
X
= 42.
S ng cho:




2
2
NO NO
NO NO
n : n 12: 4 3
n n 0,4 mol
= =

+ =



2
NO
NO
n 0,1 mol
n 0,3 mol
=


2
NO
NO
%V 25%
%V 75%
=


2
NO : 46 42 30 12
42
NO : 30 46 42 4
=
=
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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v Fe 3e Fe
3+
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4
3x x 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,3
Theo nh lut bo ton electron:
3x = 0,6 mol x = 0,2 mol
m
Fe
= 0,256 = 11,2 gam. (p p B).
V d 12: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO
3
phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt
kh X (ktc) gm N
2
v NO
2
c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO
3

trong dung dch u l
A. 0,28M. B. 1,4M. C. 1,7M. D. 1,2M.
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
( )
2 2
N NO
X
M M
M 9,25 4 37
2
+
= = =
l trung bnh cng khi lng phn t ca hai kh N
2
v NO
2
nn:

2 2
X
N NO
n
n n 0,04 mol
2
= = =
v NO
3

+ 10e N
2
NO
3

+ 1e NO
2

0,08 0,4 0,04 mol 0,04 0,04 0,04 mol
M M
n+
+ n.e
0,04 mol

3
HNO (b kh)
n 0,12 mol. =
Nhn nh mi: Kim loi nhng bao nhiu electron th cng nhn by nhiu gc NO
3

to
mui.

3
HNO ( ) ( ) ( )
n n.e n.e 0,04 0,4 0,44 mol.
to mui nhng nhn
= = = + =
Do :
3
HNO ( )
n 0,44 0,12 0,56 mol
phn ng
= + =
| |
3
0,56
HNO 0,28M.
2
= = (p n A)
V d 13: Khi cho 9,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c, thy c 49 gam H
2
SO
4

tham gia phn ng, to mui MgSO
4
, H
2
O v sn phm kh X. X l
A. SO
2
B. S C. H
2
S D. SO
2
, H
2
S
Hng dn gii
Dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c va l cht oxi ha va l mi trng.
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Gi a l s oxi ha ca S trong X.
Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e S
+6
+ (6-a)e S
a
0,4 mol 0,8 mol 0,1 mol 0,1(6-a) mol
Tng s mol H
2
SO
4
dng l :
49
0,5
98
= (mol)
S mol H
2
SO
4
dng to mui bng s mol Mg = 9,6 : 24 = 0,4 mol.
S mol H
2
SO
4
dng oxi ha Mg l:
0,5 0,4 = 0,1 mol.
Ta c: 0,1(6 a) = 0,8 x = 2. Vy X l H
2
S. (p n C)
V d 14: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi
lng l 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung
dch H
2
SO
4
m c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Khi lng a gam l:
A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,3 gam.
Hng dn gii
S mol Fe ban u trong a gam:
Fe
a
n
56
= mol.
S mol O
2
tham gia phn ng:
2
O
75,2 a
n
32

= mol.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
3
Fe Fe 3e
a 3a
mol mol
56 56
+
+ (1)
S mol e nhng:
e
3a
n mol
56
=
Qu trnh kh: O
2
+ 4e 2O
2
(2)
SO
4
2
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O (3)
T (2), (3)
cho 2 2
e O SO
n 4n 2n = +

75,2 a 3a
4 2 0,3
32 56

= + =
a = 56 gam. (p n A)
V d 15: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 1,12 lt NO v
NO
2
(ktc) c khi lng mol trung bnh l 42,8. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l:
A. 9,65 gam B. 7,28 gam C. 4,24 gam D. 5,69 gam
Hng dn gii
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Da vo s ng cho tnh c s mol NO v NO
2
ln lt l 0,01 v 0,04 mol. Ta c
cc bn phn ng:
NO
3

+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
NO
3

+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O
Nh vy, tng electron nhn l 0,07 mol.
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al c trong 1,35 gam hn hp kim loi. Ta c cc bn
phn ng:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e Al Al
3+
+ 3e
2x + 2y + 3z = 0,07.
Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l:
m =
3 2
Cu( NO )
m +
3 2
Mg( NO )
m +
3 3
Al( NO )
m
= 1,35 + 62(2x + 2y + 3z)
= 1,35 + 62 0,07 = 5,69 gam.
V d 16: (Khi A - TSH - 2013) Ha tan hon ton m gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long, thu
c 5,376 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm N
2
, N
2
O v dung dch cha 8m gam mui. T khi ca X
so vi H
2
bng 18. Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,28 B. 19,44 C. 18,90 D. 21,60
V d 17: (Khi A - TSH - 2011) Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO
3
0,1M v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5M; khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,72. B. 4,08. C. 4,48. D. 3,20.
HD 1: Ag
+
+ 1e Ag. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu.
0,02 0,02 0,02mol 0,04 0,08 0,04 mol
Fe - 2e Fe
2+
Fe - 2e Fe
2+

0,01 0,02 mol 0,04 0,08 mol
Vy Fe v AgNO
3
ht, Cu(NO
3
)
2
d=> m = 0,02.108 + 0,04.64 = 4,72 (gam).
HD 2: S mol Fe =0,05; s mol Ag
+
= 0,02; Cu
2+
= 0,1. Th t p:
Fe + 2Ag
+
2Ag
0,01 0,02 0,02 cn 0,04mol Fe
Fe+ Cu
2+
= Cu
0,04 d 0,04. Klg m= 0,02.108 + 0,04.64= 4,72(gam).

MT S BI TP VN DNG GIAI THEO PHNG PHP BO TON MOL
ELECTRON
01. (Khi B - TSH - 2011) Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung
dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75 . D. 32,50.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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02. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau
khi kt thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s
hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO
trong hn hp A l
A. 68,03%. B. 13,03%. C. 31,03%. D. 68,97%.
03. (Khi B - TSH - 2007) Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi
thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4
04. (Khi B - TSH - 2008) Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan
thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
05. (Khi B - TSH - 2008) Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon
ton mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
06. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO
3
long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt
(ktc) hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha
thnh mu nu trong khng kh. Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
A. 0,51 mol. B. A. 0,45 mol. C. 0,55 mol. D. 0,49 mol.
07. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 1,12 lt hn
hp kh D (ktc) gm NO
2
v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti
thiu dung dch HNO
3
37,8% (d = 1,242g/ml) cn dng.
A. 20,18 ml. B. 11,12 ml. C. 21,47 ml. D. 36,7 ml.
08. (Khi B - TSH - 2008) Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi
kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d
axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
09. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O
2
thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4

v Fe. Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt hn hp kh B
gm NO v NO
2
. T khi ca B so vi H
2
bng 19. Th tch V ktc l
A. 672 ml. B. 336 ml. C. 448 ml. D. 896 ml.
10. (Khi B - TSH 2012 ) Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht
vi HNO3 (c nng,d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung
dch Y. Cho ton b Yvo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta; cn khi cho
ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 38,08. B. 24,64. C. 16,8. D. 11,2.

Phng php 4
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S DNG CC GI TR TRUNG BNH
y l mt trong mt s phng php hin i nht cho php gii nhanh chng v n gin
nhiu bi ton ha hc v hn hp cc cht rn, lng cng nh kh.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: Khi lng phn t trung bnh (KLPTTB) (k hiu M)
cng nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh (KLNTTB) chnh l khi lng ca mt mol hn hp,
nn n c tnh theo cng thc:

i i
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 i
M n
M n M n M n ...
M
n n n ... n
+ + +
= =
+ + +

(1)
trong M
1
, M
2
,... l KLPT (hoc KLNT) ca cc cht trong hn hp; n
1
, n
2
,... l s mol tng
ng ca cc cht.
Cng thc (1) c th vit thnh:

1 2 3
1 2 3
i i i
n n n
M M . M . M . ...
n n n
= + + +



1 1 2 2 3 3
M M x M x M x ... = + + + (2)
trong x
1
, x
2
,... l % s mol tng ng (cng chnh l % khi lng) ca cc cht. c bit i
vi cht kh th x
1
, x
2
, ... cng chnh l % th tch nn cng thc (2) c th vit thnh:

i i
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 i
MV
M V M V M V ...
M
V V V ... V
+ + +
= =
+ + +

(3)
trong V
1
, V
2
,... l th tch ca cc cht kh. Nu hn hp ch c 2 cht th cc cng thc (1), (2),
(3) tng ng tr thnh (1), (2), (3) nh sau:

1 1 2 1
M n M (n n )
M
n
+
= (1)
trong n l tng s s mol ca cc cht trong hn hp,

1 1 2 1
M Mx M (1 x ) = + (2)
trong con s 1 ng vi 100% v

1 1 2 1
M V M (V V )
M
V
+
= (3)
trong V
1
l th tch kh th nht v V l tng th tch hn hp.
T cng thc tnh KLPTTB ta suy ra cc cng thc tnh KLNTTB.
Vi cc cng thc:

x y z 1
x y z 2
C H O ; n mol
C H O ; n mol
' ' '

ta c:
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- Nguyn t cacbon trung bnh:

1 1 2 2
1 2
x n x n ...
x
n n ...
+ +
=
+ +

- Nguyn t hiro trung bnh:

1 1 2 2
1 2
y n y n ...
y
n n ...
+ +
=
+ +

v i khi tnh c c s lin kt t, s nhm chc trung bnh theo cng thc trn.
V d 1: (Khi A - TSH nm 2007) Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h
li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2

gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2
hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
.
C. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
.
Hng dn gii

hh X
4,48
n 0,2
22,4
= = mol
n 1,4 0,5 0,7
2
Br ban u
= = mol

0,7
n
2
2
Br p.ng
= = 0,35 mol.
Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng 6,7 gam l s gam ca hirocabon khng no. t CTTB ca hai
hirocacbon mch h l
n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
( a l s lin kt t trung bnh).
Phng trnh phn ng:

n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
+
2
aBr
n 2n 2 2a 2a
C H Br
+

0,2 mol 0,35 mol

0,35
a
0,2
= = 1,75

6,7
14n 2 2a
0,2
+ = n = 2,5.
Do hai hirocacbon mch h phn ng hon ton vi dung dch Br
2
nn chng u l
hirocacbon khng no. Vy hai hirocacbon l C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. (p n B)
V d 2: (TSC - Khi B 2010) Trong t nhin, ng (Cu) tn ti di hai dng ng v
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu . KLNT (xp x khi lng trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca
mi loi ng v.
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A.
65
Cu: 27,5% ;
63
Cu: 72,5%.
B.
65
Cu: 70% ;
63
Cu: 30%.
C.
65
Cu: 72,5% ;
63
Cu: 27,5%.
D.
65
Cu: 30% ;
63
Cu: 70%.
Hng dn gii
Gi x l % ca ng v
65
29
Cu ta c phng trnh:
M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 x)
x = 0,275
Vy: ng v
65
Cu chim 27,5% v ng v
63
Cu chim 72,5%. (p n C)
V d 3:(TSH - Khi A 2009) C 100 gam dung dch 23% ca mt axit n chc (dung dch A).
Thm 30 gam mt axit ng ng lin tip vo dung dch ta c dung dch B. Trung ha
1/10 dung dch B bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M (va ) ta c dung dch C.
1. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cc axit.
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH.
B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH.
D. C
3
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
2. C cn dung dch C th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 5,7 gam. B. 7,5 gam. C. 5,75 gam. D. 7,55
gam.
Hng dn gii
1. Theo phng php KLPTTB:

RCOOH
1 23
m 2,3
10 10
= = gam,

2
RCH COOH
1 30
m 3
10 10
= = gam.

2,3 3
M 53
0,1
+
= = .
Axit duy nht c KLPT < 53 l HCOOH (M = 46) v axit ng ng lin tip phi l
CH
3
COOH (M = 60). (p n A)
2. Theo phng php KLPTTB:
V M
axit
= 53 nn M = 53+23 1 75 =
mui
. V s mol mui bng s mol axit bng 0,1 nn tng khi
lng mui bng 750,1 = 7,5 gam. (p n B)
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V d 4: Hn hp kh SO
2
v O
2
c t khi so vi CH
4
bng 3. Cn thm bao nhiu lt O
2
vo 20 lt
hn hp kh cho t khi so vi CH
4
gim i 1/6, tc bng 2,5. Cc hn hp kh
cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
A. 10 lt. B. 20 lt. C. 30 lt. D. 40 lt.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Gi x l % th tch ca SO
2
trong hn hp ban u, ta c:
M = 163 = 48 = 64.x + 32(1 x)
x = 0,5
Vy: mi kh chim 50%. Nh vy trong 20 lt, mi kh chim 10 lt.
Gi V l s lt O
2
cn thm vo, ta c:

64 10 32(10 V)
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+ +
' = = =
+
.
Gii ra c V = 20 lt. (p n B)
Cch 2:
Ghi ch: C th coi hn hp kh nh mt kh c KLPT chnh bng KLPT trung bnh ca hn
hp, v d, c th xem khng kh nh mt kh vi KLPT l 29.
Hn hp kh ban u coi nh kh th nht (20 lt c M = 163 = 48), cn O
2
thm vo coi nh
kh th hai, ta c phng trnh:

48 20 32V
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+
= = =
+
Rt ra V = 20 lt. (p n B)
V d 5:(TSH - Khi A 2010) C V lt kh A gm H
2
v hai olefin l ng ng lin tip, trong
H
2
chim 60% v th tch. Dn hn hp A qua bt Ni nung nng c hn hp kh B.
t chy hon ton kh B c 19,8 gam CO
2
v 13,5 gam H
2
O. Cng thc ca hai olefin
l
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
.
C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. C
5
H
10
v C
6
H
12
.
Hng dn gii
t CTTB ca hai olefin l
n 2n
C H .
cng iu kin nhit v p sut th th tch t l vi s mol kh.
Hn hp kh A c:

n 2n
2
C H
H
n
0,4 2
n 0,6 3
= = .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nh lut bo ton nguyn t t chy hn hp
kh B cng chnh l t chy hn hp kh A. Ta c:
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n 2n
C H +
2
3n
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (1)
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O (2)
Theo phng trnh (1) ta c:

2 2
CO H O
n n = = 0,45 mol.

n 2n
C H
0, 45
n
n
= mol.
Tng:
2
H O
13,5
n
18
= = 0,75 mol

2
H O ( pt 2)
n = 0,75 0,45 = 0,3 mol

2
H
n = 0,3 mol.
Ta c:
n 2n
2
C H
H
n
0,45 2
n 0,3 n 3
= =


n = 2,25
Hai olefin ng ng lin tip l C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. (p n B)
V d 6. (TSC - Khi B 2007) t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ru no, n chc lin tip
trong dy ng ng thu c 3,584 lt CO
2
ktc v 3,96 gam H
2
O. Tnh a v xc nh
CTPT ca cc ru.
A. 3,32 gam ; CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
B. 4,32 gam ; C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. 2,32 gam ; C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
D. 3,32 gam ; C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
Hng dn gii
Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh v x l tng s mol ca hai ru.
C
n
H
2n+1
OH +
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO
|
+
2
(n 1) H O +
x mol n x mol (n 1) + x mol

2
CO
3,584
n n.x 0,16
22,4
= = = mol (1)

2
H O
3,96
n (n 1)x 0,22
18
= + = = mol (2)
T (1) v (2) gii ra x = 0,06 v n = 2,67.
Ta c: a = (14 n + 18).x = (142,67) + 180,06 = 3,32 gam.
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n = 2,67
2 5
3 7
C H OH
C H OH
(p n D)
V d 7 (TSH- Khi A 2013) Cho X v Y l hai axit cacboxylic mch h, c cng s nguyn t
cacbon, trong X n chc, Y hai chc. Chia hn hp X v Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn
mt tc dng ht vi Na, thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, thu c
13,44 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp l
A. 28,57% B. 57,14% C. 85,71% D. 42,86%

HNG DN GII
Gi x l s mol X, y l s mol Y
0,5x+y=0,2
0,6 0,6 0,6
1,5 So C 3
x 2y x y 0,5x y
= < = < =
+ + +
X : CH3COOH va Y : HOOCCOOH
2x+2y=0,6
x=0,2 v y=0,1
%Y=0,190100:( 0,190+0,260)=42,86
V d 8: Cho 2,84 gam hn hp 2 ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt
lng Na va to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H
2
ktc. Tnh V.
A. 0,896 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
Hng dn gii
t R l gc hirocacbon trung bnh v x l tng s mol ca 2 ru.
ROH + Na RONa +
2
1
H
2

x mol x
x
2
.
Ta c:
( )
( )
R 17 x 2,84
R 39 x 4,6

+ =

+ =

Gii ra c x = 0,08.
Vy :
2
H
0,08
V 22,4 0,896
2
= = lt. (p n A)
V d 9: Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm II
A

v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung
dch X v 672 ml CO
2
( ktc).
1. Hy xc nh tn cc kim loi.
A. Be, Mg. B. Mg, Ca. C. Ca, Ba. D. Ca, Sr.
2. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 2 gam. B. 2,54 gam. C. 3,17 gam. D. 2,95 gam.
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Hng dn gii
1. Gi A, B l cc kim loi cn tm. Cc phng trnh phn ng l
ACO
3
+ 2HCl ACl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
(1)
BCO
3
+ 2HCl BCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
(2)
Theo cc phn ng (1), (2) tng s mol cc mui cacbonat bng:

2
CO
0,672
n 0,03
22,4
= = mol.
Vy KLPTTB ca cc mui cacbonat l

2,84
M 94,67
0,03
= = v A,B M 94,67 60 34,67 = =
V thuc 2 chu k lin tip nn hai kim loi l Mg (M = 24) v Ca (M = 40). (p n B)
2. KLPTTB ca cc mui clorua:
M 34,67 71 105,67 = + =
mui clorua
.
Khi lng mui clorua khan l 105,670,03 = 3,17 gam. (p n C)
V d 10: (TSH- Khi B 2010) Tch nc hon ton t hn hp X gm 2 ancol A v B ta c hn
hp Y gm cc olefin. Nu t chy hon ton X th thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
. Khi t chy
hon ton Y th tng khi lng H
2
O v CO
2
to ra l
A. 2,94 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 1,76 gam. D. 2,76
gam.
Hng dn gii
Hn hp X gm hai ancol A v B tch nc c olefin (Y) hai ancol l ru no, n
chc.
t CTTB ca hai ancol A, B l
n 2n 1
C H OH
+
ta c cc phng trnh phn ng sau:

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
+
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO +
2
(n 1)H O +

n 2n 1
C H OH
+

2
o
H SO
170 C
4

n 2n
C H + H
2
O
(Y)

n 2n
C H +
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO +
2
n H O
Nhn xt:
- Khi t chy X v t chy Y cng cho s mol CO
2
nh nhau.
- t chy Y cho
2 2
CO H O
n n = .
Vy t chy Y cho tng
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( )
2 2
CO H O
m m 0,04 (44 18) 2,48 + = + = gam. (p n B)
V d 11: (TSH- Khi A 2013) Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm
mt axit no v hai axit khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi
150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X,
hp th ton b sn phm chy bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08
gam. Tng khi lng ca hai axit cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l
A. 15,36 gam B. 9,96 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 12,06 gam

HNG DN GII
CnH2nO2 (x mol);
CmH2m-2O2 (y mol)
x+y=0,3
14(nx+my)+32x+30y=25,560,322
62(nx+my)18y=40,08
x=0,15; y=0,15; nx+my=0,69
0,15n+0,15m=0,69
S C trung bnh =0,69:0,3=2,3-->Axit no n chc mch h : HCOOH hoc CH3COOH
HCOOH-->m=3,6
CH3COOH-->m=2,6 (loi)
Khi lng axit khng no =0,15(143,6+30)=12,06

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEP PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
01 (Khi A - TSH nm 2008) Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v
propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l
A. 20,40 gam. B. 18,60 gam. C. 18,96 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
02. C 3 ancol bn khng phi l ng phn ca nhau. t chy mi cht u c s mol CO
2
bng
0,75 ln s mol H
2
O. 3 ancol l
A. C
2
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O; C
4
H
10
O. B. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O
2
; C
4
H
10
O.
C. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
8
O
2
; C
3
H
8
O
3
. D. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O
2
.
03. (Khi A - TSH nm 2010) Cho axit oxalic HOOCCOOH tc dng vi hn hp hai ancol no,
n chc, ng ng lin tip thu c 5,28 gam hn hp 3 este trung tnh. Thy phn lng
este trn bng dung dch NaOH thu c 5,36 gam mui. Hai ru c cng thc
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH
04. Nitro ha benzen c 14,1 gam hn hp hai cht nitro c khi lng phn t hn km nhau
45 vC. t chy hon ton hn hp hai cht nitro ny c 0,07 mol N
2
. Hai cht nitro l
A. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
. B C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
v C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
.
C. C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
v C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
. D C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
v C
6
H(NO
2
)
5
.
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05. (Khi A - TSH nm 2011) Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t
khi so vi H2 l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,3. B. 6,6. C. 3,39. D. 5,85.
06. Chia hn hp gm 2 anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam nc.
- Phn 2: tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em A t chy hon ton th th
tch kh CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,444 lt.
07. Tch nc hon ton t hn hp Y gm hai ru A, B ta c hn hp X gm cc olefin. Nu
t chy hon ton Y th thu c 0,66 gam CO
2
. Vy khi t chy hon ton X th tng khi
lng H
2
O v CO
2
to ra l
A. 0,903 gam. B. 0,39 gam. C. 0,94 gam. D. 0,93 gam.
08. (Khi A - TSH nm 2010) t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn
va V lt O
2
( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.
09. Cho 4,2 gam hn hp gm ru etylic, phenol, axit fomic tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra
0,672 lt kh (ktc) v mt dung dch. C cn dung dch thu c hn hp X. Khi lng ca X
l
A. 2,55 gam. B. 5,52 gam. C. 5,25 gam. D. 5,05 gam.
10. (Khi A TSH nm 2009) Hn hp X gm 2 este A, B ng phn vi nhau v u c to
thnh t axit n chc v ru n chc. Cho 2,2 gam hn hp X bay hi 136,5
o
C v 1 atm
th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em thu phn hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp X bng 100
ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 g/ml) ri em c cn th thu c 33,8 gam cht rn khan.
Vy cng thc phn t ca este l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
5
H
10
O
2
.
11. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt
CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l
A. 0,05 mol v 0,05 mol. B. 0,045 mol v 0,055 mol.
C. 0,04 mol v 0,06 mol. D. 0,06 mol v 0,04 mol.
12. (Khi B- TSH nm 2009 ) Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu
c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca
axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l
A. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat. C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat.
13. (Khi A TSH nm 2008) Mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng c khi
lng 30,4 gam. Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau.
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- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi Na d, kt thc phn ng thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Phn 2: tch nc hon ton 180
o
C, xc tc H
2
SO
4
c thu c mt anken cho hp th vo
bnh ng dung dch Brom d thy c 32 gam Br
2
b mt mu. CTPT hai ancol trn l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
14 (Khi B - TSH nm 2009 ) Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H
2
v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X
mt thi gian vi xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton
b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A.16,0. B. 3,2. C. 8,0. D. 32,
Phng php 5
S NG CHO
Bi ton trn ln cc cht vi nhau l mt dng bi tp hay gp trong chng trnh ha hc
ph thng cng nh trong cc thi kim tra v thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng. Ta c th gii
bi tp dng ny theo nhiu cch khc nhau, song vic gii loi dng bi tp ny theo phng php
s ng cho theo tc gi l tt nht.
Nguyn tc: Trn ln hai dung dch:
Dung dch 1: c khi lng m
1
, th tch V
1
, nng C
1
(nng phn trm hoc nng
mol), khi lng ring d
1
.
Dung dch 2: c khi lng m
2
, th tch V
2
, nng C
2
(C
2
> C
1
), khi lng ring d
2
.
Dung dch thu c: c khi lng m = m
1
+ m
2
, th tch V = V
1
+ V
2
, nng C (C
1
< C <
C
2
) v khi lng ring d.
S ng cho v cng thc tng ng vi mi trng hp l:
a. i vi nng % v khi lng:

2 1
2 1
C C m
m C C

(1)
b. i vi nng mol/lt:

2 1
2 1
C C V
V C C

(2)
c. i vi khi lng ring:

2 1
2 1
C C V
V C C

(3)
Khi s dng s ng cho cn ch :
C
1
C
2
C
| C
2
- C |
| C
1
- C |
C
| C
2
- C |
| C
1
- C |
`
C
M1
C
M2
d
1
d
2
| d
2
- d |
| d
1
- d |
d
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- Cht rn coi nh dung dch c C = 100%
- Dung mi coi nh dung dch c C = 0%
- Khi lng ring ca H
2
O l d = 1g/ml.
Sau y l mt s v d s dng phng php s ng cho trong tnh ton cc bi tp.
V d 1: (TSC Khi B 2007) thu c dung dch HCl 25% cn ly m
1
gam dung dch HCl
45% pha vi m
2
gam dung dch HCl 15%. T l m
1
/m
2
l
A. 1:2. B. 1:3. C. 2:1. D. 3:1.
Hng dn gii
p dng cng thc (1):

1
2
45 25 m 20 2
m 15 25 10 1

= = =

. (p n C)
V d 2: pha c 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh l (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml dung dch
NaCl 3% pha vi nc ct. Gi tr ca V l
A. 150 ml. B. 214,3 ml. C. 285,7 ml. D. 350 ml.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s :


V
1
=
0,9
500
2,1 0,9

+
= 150 ml. (p n A)
V d 3: (Khi B- TSH nm 2010) Ha tan 200 gam SO
3
vo m
2
gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% ta
c dung dch H
2
SO
4
78,4%. Gi tr ca m
2
l
A. 133,3 gam. B. 146,9 gam. C. 272,2 gam. D.300 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng:
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

100 gam SO
3

98 100
80

= 122,5 gam H
2
SO
4
.
Nng dung dch H
2
SO
4
tng ng 122,5%.
Gi m
1
, m
2
ln lt l khi lng ca SO
3
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% cn ly. Theo (1) ta c:

1
2
49 78,4 m 29,4
m 122,5 78,4 44,1

= =


V
1
(NaCl)
V
2
(H
2
O)
0,9
3
0
| 0,9 - 0 |
| 3 - 0,9 |
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39

2
44,1
m 200
29,4
= = 300 gam. (p n D)
V d 4: (TSC - Khi A 2009) Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,319. Brom c hai ng
v bn:
79
35
Br v
81
35
Br . Thnh phn % s nguyn t ca
81
35
Br l
A. 84,05. B. 81,02. C. 18,98. D. 15,95.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s ng cho:




81
35
79
35
% Br 0,319
% Br 1,681
=

81
35
0,319
% Br
1,681 0,319
=
+
100% = 15,95%. (p n D)
V d 5: Mt hn hp gm O
2
, O
3
iu kin tiu chun c t khi hi vi hiro l 18. Thnh phn
% v th tch ca O
3
trong hn hp l
A. 15%. B. 25%. C. 35%. D. 45%.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho:




3
2
O
O
V
4 1
V 12 3
= =

3
O
1
%V
3 1
=
+
100% = 25%. (p n B)
V d 6.(TSC - Khi A 2010) Cn trn hai th tch metan vi mt th tch ng ng X ca metan
thu c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 15. X l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
4
H
10
. C. C
5
H
12
. D. C
6
H
14
.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho:

81
35
79
35
Br (M 81) 79,319 79 0,319
A 79,319
Br (M 79) 81 79,319 1,681
= =
=
= =
3
2
O
O
V M 48 32 36
M 18 2 36
V M 32 48 36
=
= =
=
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TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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4
2
CH 2
M
V M 30 2
V 14 1

= = M
2
30 = 28
M
2
= 58 14n + 2 = 58 n = 4.
Vy: X l C
4
H
10
. (p n B)
V d 7: (TSH Khi A 2009) Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4

1,5M. Mui to thnh v khi lng tng ng l
A. 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 32,8 gam Na
3
PO
4
.
B. 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 16,4 gam Na
3
PO
4
.
C. 12 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
.
D. 24 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
.
Hng dn gii
C:
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n 0,25 2 5
1 2
n 0,2 1,5 3

< = = <


to ra hn hp 2 mui: NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
.
S ng cho:





2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n
2
n 1
=
2 4 2 4
Na HPO NaH PO
n 2n =
M:
2 4 2 4 3 4
Na HPO NaH PO H PO
n n n 0,3 + = = mol

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n 0,2 mol
n 0,1 mol
=



2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
m 0,2 142 28,4 gam
n 0,1 120 12 gam
= =

= =

(p n C)
V d 8: (Khi A - TSH nm 2013) Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai
cht u mch h, c cng s nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y
(trong s mol ca X ln hn s mol ca Y) cn va 30,24 lt kh O2, thu c 26,88 lt kh
4
2
CH 2
M 2
V M 16 M 30
M 15 2 30
V M M 16 30
=
= =
=
2 4 1
2 4 2
5 2
Na HPO n 2 1
3 3
5
n
3
5 1
NaH PO n 1 2
3 3
= =
=
= =
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CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Bit th tch cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng Y trong 0,4 mol
hn hp trn l
A. 17,7 gam B. 9,0 gam C. 11,4 gam D. 19,0 gam

HNG DN GII
S C=26,88:22,4:0,4=3
S H trung bnh=(19,8:18):0,42=5,5
X : C
3
H
82k
O
2
(k>1) 8-2k 2,5
5,5
Y : C
3
H
8
O
m
8 2k2,5
n
X
>n
Y-
-->2,5 >2k2,5 -->k< 2,5

S mol CO2>s mol H2O
-->k=2
mY=(26,88:22,444+19,830,24:22,432) 2,5:(2k)0,472=11,4
V d 9:(Khi A - TSH nm 2009) Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v bao nhiu
gam dung dch CuSO
4
8% pha thnh 280 gam dung dch CuSO
4
16%?
A. 180 gam v 100 gam. B. 330 gam v 250 gam.
C. 60 gam v 220 gam. D. 40 gam v 240 gam.
Hng dn gii
4 2
160
250
CuSO .5H O

Ta coi CuSO
4
.5H
2
O nh l dung dch CuSO
4
c: C% =
160 100
250

=64%.
Gi m
1
l khi lng ca CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v m
2
l khi lng ca dung dch CuSO
4
8%.
Theo s ng cho:



1
2
m 8 1
m 48 6
= = .
Mt khc m
1
+ m
2
= 280 gam.
Vy khi lng CuSO
4
.5H
2
O l:
m
1
=
280
1
1 6

+
= 40 gam
v khi lng dung dch CuSO
4
8% l:
m
2
= 280 40 = 240 gam. (p n D)
V d 10: (TSC - Khi A 2009) Cn bao nhiu lt axit H
2
SO
4
(D = 1,84) v bao nhiu lt nc ct
pha thnh 9 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
c D = 1,28 gam/ml?
1
2
(m ) 64 8 16 8
16
(m ) 8 64 16 48
=
=
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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A. 2 lt v 7 lt. B. 3 lt v 6 lt.
C. 4 lt v 5 lt. D. 6 lt v 3 lt.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s ng cho:




2
2 4
H O
H SO
V
0,56 2
V 0,28 1
= = .
Cn phi ly
1
9 3
1 2
=
+
lt H
2
SO
4
(d = 1,84 g/ml) v 6 lt H
2
O. (p n B)
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S NG
CHO
01. (TSH Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu
c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn
hp kh Y so vi kh H
2
l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
02. (TSH Khi A 2008) Th tch nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% (d =
1,84 g/ml) c dung dch mi c nng 10% l
A. 14,192 l. B. 15,192 l. C. 16,192 l. D. 17,192 l.
03. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng 63,54. ng c hai ng v bn:
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu Thnh phn
% s nguyn t ca
65
29
Cu l
A. 73,0%. B. 34,2%. C.32,3%. D. 27,0%.
04. Cn ly V
1
lt CO
2
v V
2
lt CO c c 24 lt hn hp CO
2
v CO c t khi hi i vi
metan bng 2. Gi tr ca V
1
(lt) l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8.
05. (TSH Khi B 2009) Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1M.
Khi lng cc mui thu c trong dung dch l
A. 10,44 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 8,5 gam K
3
PO
4
.
B. 10,44 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 12,72 gam K
3
PO
4
.
C. 10,44 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
.
D. 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam K
3
PO
4
.
06. (TSC Khi B 2009) T 1 tn qung hematit A iu ch c 420 kg Fe. T 1 tn qung
manhetit B iu ch c 504 kg Fe. Hi phi trn hai qung trn vi t l khi lng (m
A
: m
B
)
2
2 4
H O: 1 | 1,84 1,28| 0,56
1,28
H SO : 1,84 | 1,28 1| 0,28
=
=
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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l bao nhiu c 1 tn qung hn hp m t 1 tn qung hn hp ny iu ch c 480 kg
Fe.
A. 1 : 3. B. 2 : 5. C. 2 : 3. D. 1 : 1.
07. (TSH Khi A 2009): Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, thu
c 940,8 ml kh N
x
O
y
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
bng 22. Kh N
x
O
y
v kim loi M l
A.NO v Mg. B. NO
2
v Al. C. N
2
O v Al. D. N
2
O v Fe.
08. Dung dch ru etylic 13,8
o
c d (g/ml) =?. Bit
2 5
C H OH(ng.cht)
d = 0,8 g/ml ;
2
H O
d 1 g ml = .
A. 0,805. B. 0,8 55. C. 0,972. D. 0,915.
09. (TSC Khi B 2007) Ha tan m gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long thu c hn hp kh
NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi H
2
bng 16,75. T l th tch kh trong hn hp l
A. 2 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 1 : 3. D. 3 : 1.
10. (TSH Khi A 2013 ): Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam photpho trong kh oxi d. Cho ton b sn
phm vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X.
Khi lng mui trong X l
A. 14,2 gam B. 11,1 gam C. 16,4 gam D. 12,0 gam

Phng php 6
S DNG PHNG TRNH ION - ELETRON
lm tt cc bi ton bng phng php ion iu u tin cc bn phi nm chc phng
trnh phn ng di dng cc phn t t suy ra cc phng trnh ion, i khi c mt s bi tp
khng th gii theo cc phng trnh phn t c m phi gii da theo phng trnh ion. Vic
gii bi ton ha hc bng phng php ion gip chng ta hiu k hn v bn cht ca cc phng
trnh ha hc. T mt phng trnh ion c th ng vi rt nhiu phng trnh phn t. V d phn
ng gia hn hp dung dch axit vi dung dch baz u c chung mt phng trnh ion l
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
hoc phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO
3
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
l
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O...
Sau y l mt s v d:
V d 1: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo
dung dch Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch
Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch
Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe
3
O
4
0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,4 mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
|

0,1 0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe
2+
: 0,3 mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
3Fe
2+
+ NO
3

+ 4H
+
3Fe
3+
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O
0,3 0,1 0,1 mol
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n 0,05
2

= = mol

3 2
dd Cu( NO )
0,05
V 0,05
1
= = lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
V d 2: Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 1,49 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii

3
HNO
n 0,12 = mol ;
2 4
H SO
n 0,06 = mol
Tng:
H
n 0,24
+
= mol v
3
NO
n 0,12

= mol.
Phng trnh ion:
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,1 0,24 0,12 mol
Phn ng: 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,06 mol
Sau phn ng: 0,01 (d) (ht) 0,06 (d)
V
NO
= 0,0622,4 = 1,344 lt. (p n A)
V d 3: Dung dch X cha dung dch NaOH 0,2M v dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Sc 7,84 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l
A. 15 gam. B. 5 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 0 gam.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Hng dn gii

2
CO
n = 0,35 mol ; n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol;
2
Ca(OH)
n = 0,1 mol.
Tng:
OH
n

= 0,2 + 0,12 = 0,4 mol v
2
Ca
n
+
= 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
CO
2
+ 2OH

CO
3
2
+ H
2
O
0,35 0,4
0,2 0,4 0,2 mol

2
CO ( )
n
d
= 0,35 0,2 = 0,15 mol
tip tc xy ra phn ng:
CO
3
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O 2HCO
3


Ban u: 0,2 0,15 mol
Phn ng: 0,15 0,15 mol

2
3
CO
n

cn li bng 0,15 mol

3
CaCO
n
+
= 0,05 mol

3
CaCO
m = 0,05100 = 5 gam. (p n B)
V d 4: Ha tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th trong nc c
dung dch A v c 1,12 lt H
2
bay ra ( ktc). Cho dung dch cha 0,03 mol AlCl
3
vo dung
dch A. khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 0,78 gam. B. 1,56 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 2,34 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca kim loi kim v kim loi kim th vi H
2
O:
M + nH
2
O M(OH)
n
+
2
n
H
2

T phng trnh ta c:

2
H
OH
n 2n

= = 0,1mol.
Dung dch A tc dng vi 0,03 mol dung dch AlCl
3
:
Al
3+
+ 3OH

Al(OH)
3+

Ban u: 0,03 0,1 mol
Phn ng: 0,03 0,09 0,03 mol

OH ( )
n
d

= 0,01mol
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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tip tc ha tan kt ta theo phng trnh:
Al(OH)
3
+ OH

AlO
2

+ 2H
2
O
0,01 0,01 mol
Vy:
3
Al(OH)
m = 780,02 = 1,56 gam. (p n B)
V d 5: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu
gam Cu kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
A. 2,88 gam. B. 3,92 gam. C. 3,2 gam. D. 5,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
Cu + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+

0,005 0,01 mol
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,15 0,03 mol H
+
d
Phn ng: 0,045 0,12 0,03 mol
m
Cu ti a
= (0,045 + 0,005) 64 = 3,2 gam. (p n C)
V d 6: Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d thu c kt ta c
khi lng ng bng khi lng AgNO
3
phn ng. Tnh phn trm khi lng NaCl
trong hn hp u.
A. 23,3% B. 27,84%. C. 43,23%. D. 31,3%.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
Ag
+
+ Cl

AgCl
+

Ag
+
+ Br

AgBr
+

t: n
NaCl
= x mol ; n
NaBr
= y mol
m
AgCl
+ m
AgBr
=
3( )
AgNO
m
p.


3
Cl Br NO
m m m

+ =
35,5x + 80y = 62(x + y)
x : y = 36 : 53
Chn x = 36, y = 53
NaCl
58,5 36 100
%m
58,5 36 103 53

=
+
= 27,84%. (p n B)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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V d 7: Trn 100 ml dung dch A (gm KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M) vo 100 ml dung dch B (gm
NaHCO
3
1M v Na
2
CO
3
1M) thu c dung dch C.
Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D (gm H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch C thu c V
lt CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ti d vo dung dch E th thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt. B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.
Hng dn gii
Dung dch C cha: HCO
3

: 0,2 mol ; CO
3
2
: 0,2 mol.
Dung dch D c tng:
H
n
+
= 0,3 mol.
Nh t t dung dch C v dung dch D:
CO
3
2
+ H
+
HCO
3


0,2 0,2 0,2 mol
HCO
3

+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2

Ban u: 0,4 0,1 mol
Phn ng: 0,1 0,1 0,1 mol

D: 0,3 mol
Tip tc cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch E:
Ba
2+
+ HCO
3

+ OH

BaCO
3+
+ H
2
O
0,3 0,3 mol
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4

0,1 0,1 mol

2
CO
V = 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.
Tng khi lng kt ta:
m = 0,3197 + 0,1233 = 82,4 gam. (p n A)
V d 8: Ha tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4

0,28M v HCl 1M thu c 8,736 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X.
Thm V lt dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,5M vo dung dch X thu
c lng kt ta ln nht.
a) S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l
A. 38,93 gam. B. 38,95 gam.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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48
C. 38,97 gam. D. 38,91 gam.
b) Th tch V l
A. 0,39 lt. B. 0,4 lt.
C. 0,41 lt. D. 0,42 lt.
c) Lng kt ta l
A. 54,02 gam. B. 53,98 gam.
C. 53,62 gam. D. 53,94 gam.
Hng dn gii
a) Xc nh khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch X:

2 4
H SO
n = 0,280,5 = 0,14 mol

2
4
SO
n

= 0,14 mol v
H
n
+
= 0,28 mol.
n
HCl
= 0,5 mol

H
n
+
= 0,5 mol v
Cl
n

= 0,5 mol.
Vy tng
H
n
+
= 0,28 + 0,5 = 0,78 mol.
M
2
H
n = 0,39 mol. Theo phng trnh ion rt gn:
Mg
0
+ 2H
+
Mg
2+
+ H
2
|
(1)
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+
3
2
H
2
|
(2)
Ta thy
2
H
H (p-)
n 2n
+
= H
+
ht.
m
hh mui
= m
hh k.loi
+
2
4
SO Cl
m m

+
= 7,74 + 0,1496 + 0,535,5 = 38,93gam. (p n A)
b) Xc nh th tch V:

2
NaOH
Ba(OH)
n 1V mol
n 0, 5V mol
=

`
=

)

Tng
OH
n

= 2V mol v
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,5V mol.
Phng trnh to kt ta:
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4+
(3)
0,5V mol 0,14 mol
Mg
2+
+ 2OH

Mg(OH)
2+
(4)
Al
3+
+ 3OH

Al(OH)
3+
(5)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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kt ta t ln nht th s mol OH

kt ta ht cc ion Mg
2+
v Al
3+
. Theo cc phng
trnh phn ng (1), (2), (4), (5) ta c:

H
n
+
=
OH
n

= 0,78 mol
2V = 0,78 V = 0,39 lt. (p n A)
c) Xc nh lng kt ta:

2
Ba
n
+
= 0,5V = 0,50,39 = 0,195 mol > 0,14 mol Ba
2+
d.

4
BaSO
m = 0,14233 = 32,62 gam.
Vy m
kt ta
=
4
BaSO
m + m
2 k.loi
+
OH
m


= 32,62 + 7,74 + 0,78 17 = 53,62 gam. (p n C)
V d 9: (TSDH - Khi A 2007) Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp
axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th
tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Hng dn gii
n
HCl
= 0,25 mol ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,125.
Tng:
H
n
+
= 0,5 mol ;

2
H ( )
n
tothnh
= 0,2375 mol.
Bit rng: c 2 mol ion H
+
1 mol H
2

vy 0,475 mol H
+
0,2375 mol H
2


H ( )
n
d
+
= 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol

0,025
H
0,25
+
( =

= 0,1 = 10
1
M pH = 1. (p n A)
V d 10: (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M
thot ra V
2
lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1

v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
=
1,5V
1
.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Hng dn gii
TN1:
3
Cu
HNO
3,84
n 0,06 mol
64
n 0,08 mol

= =


3
H
NO
n 0,08 mol
n 0,08 mol
+


3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,08 0,08 mol H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02 mol
V
1
tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.
TN2: n
Cu
= 0,06 mol ;
3
HNO
n = 0,08 mol ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,04 mol.
Tng:
H
n
+
= 0,16 mol ;

3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol.
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,16 0,08 mol Cu v H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04 mol
V
2
tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.
Nh vy V
2
= 2V
1
. (p n B)
V d 11: (Cu 33 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007) Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M
v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c
dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Hng dn gii

2
Ba(OH)
NaOH
n 0,01 mol
n 0,01 mol
=
`
=
)
Tng
OH
n

= 0,03 mol.

2 4
H SO
HCl
n 0,015 mol
n 0,005 mol
=
`
=
)
Tng
H
n
+
= 0,035 mol.
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh ion rt gn:
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
Bt u 0,035 0,03 mol
Phn ng: 0,03 0,03
Sau phn ng:
H ( )
n
d
+
= 0,035 0,03 = 0,005 mol.
Tng: V
dd (sau trn)
= 500 ml (0,5 lt).
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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0,005
H
0,5
+
( =

= 0,01 = 10
2
pH = 2. (p n B)
V d 12: (Cu 18 - M 231 - TS Cao ng - Khi A 2007) Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng
vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit
H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Hng dn gii
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2

Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2

2
H
n = 0,15 mol, theo phng trnh tng s
2
2
H
OH (d X)
n 2n

= = 0,3 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn ca dung dch axit vi dung dch baz l
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O

H
n
+
=
OH
n

= 0,3 mol
2 4
H SO
n = 0,15 mol

2 4
H SO
0,15
V
2
= = 0,075 lt (75 ml). (p n B)
V d 13: Ha tan hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch HNO
3
long. Kt thc phn
ng thu c hn hp kh Y (gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol N
2
O). Bit
rng khng c phn ng to mui NH
4
NO
3
. S mol HNO
3
phn ng l:
A. 0,75 mol. B. 0,9 mol. C. 1,05 mol. D. 1,2 mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
NO
3

+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
2 0,15 0,15
NO
3

+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O (2)
4 0,1 0,1
2NO
3

+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O (3)
10 0,05 0,05
T (1), (2), (3) nhn c:

3
HNO
H
n n
p
+
=

= 2 0,15 4 0,1 10 0,05 + + = 1,2 mol. (p n D)


TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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V d 14: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al v Mg phn ng vi dung dch hn hp hai axit HNO
3
v
H
2
SO
4
(c nng) thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO
2
, NO, NO
2
. C cn dung dch sau phn
ng khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 31,5 gam. B. 37,7 gam. C. 47,3 gam. D. 34,9 gam.
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
2NO
3

+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O + NO
3

(1)
0,1 0,1
4NO
3

+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O + 3NO
3

(2)
0,1 3 0,1
2SO
4
2
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ H
2
O + SO
4
2
(3)
0,1 0,1
T (1), (2), (3) s mol NO
3

to mui bng 0,1 + 3 0,1 = 0,4 mol;


s mol SO
4
2
to mui bng 0,1 mol.
m
mui
= m
k.loi
+
3
NO
m

+
2
4
SO
m


= 12,9 + 62 0,4 + 96 0,1 = 47,3. (p n C)
V d 15: Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe trong 4 lt dung dch HNO
3
aM va thu
c dung dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N
2
v N
2
O c t l mol 1:1. C cn dung
dch A thu c m (gam.) mui khan. gi tr ca m, a l:
A. 55,35 gam. v 2,2M B. 55,35 gam. v 0,22M
C. 53,55 gam. v 2,2M D. 53,55 gam. v 0,22M
Hng dn gii

2 2
N O N
1,792
n n 0,04
2 22,4
= = =

mol.
Ta c bn phn ng:
2NO
3

+ 12H
+
+ 10e N
2
+ 6H
2
O
0,08 0,48 0,04
2NO
3

+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O
0,08 0,4 0,04

3
HNO
H
n n 0,88
+
= = mol.

0,88
a 0,22
4
= = M.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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S mol NO
3

to mui bng 0,88 (0,08 + 0,08) = 0,72 mol.


Khi lng mui bng 10,71 + 0,72 62 = 55,35 gam. (p n B)
V d 16: Ha tan 5,95 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol l 1:2 bng dung dch HNO
3
long d thu
c 0,896 lt mt sn shm kh X duy nht cha nit. X l:
A. N
2
O B. N
2
C. NO D. NH
4
+

Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
Zn
= 0,05 mol; n
Al
= 0,1 mol.
Gi a l s mol ca N
x
O
y
, ta c:
Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e Al Al
3+
+ 3e
0,05 0,1 0,1 0,3
xNO
3

+ (6x 2y)H
+
+ (5x 2y)e N
x
O
y
+ (3x 2y)H
2
O
0,04(5x 2y) 0,04
0,04(5x 2y) = 0,4 5x 2y = 10
Vy X l N
2
. (p n B)
V d 17: Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS
2
v 0,09 mol Cu
2
FeS
2
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3

d thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO
2.
Thm BaCl
2
d vo dung
dch X thu c m gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch X, ly
kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g A. 112,84g v 167,44g
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
CuFeS
2
+ 8H
2
O 17e Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2
+ 16
+

0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
Cu
2
FeS
2
+ 8H
2
O 19e 2Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2
+ 16
+

0,09 0,18 0,09 0,18

2
4
SO
n 0,48

= mol;
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4

0,48 0,48
m = 0,48 233 = 111,84 gam.
n
Cu
= 0,33 mol; n
Fe
= 0,24 mol.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
54
Cu CuO 2Fe Fe
2
O
3

0,33 0,33 0,24 0,12
a = 0,33 80 + 0,12 160 + 111,84 = 157,44 gam. (p n A).
V d 18: Ha tan 4,76 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol 1:2 trong 400ml dung dch HNO
3
1M va
, dc dung dch X cha m gam mui khan v khng thy c kh thot ra. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 25.8 gam. B. 26,9 gam. C. 27,8 gam. D.28,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
n
Zn
= 0,04 mol; n
Al
= 0,08 mol.
- Do phn ng khng to kh nn trong dung dch to NH
4
NO
3
. Trong dung dch c:
0,04 mol Zn(NO
3
)
2
v 0,08 mol Al(NO
3
)
3
Vy s mol NO
3

cn li to NH
4
NO
3
l:
0,4 0,04 2 0,08 3 = 0,08 mol
- Do trong dung dch to 0,04 mol NH
4
NO
3

m = 0,04 189 + 0,08 213 + 0,04 80 = 27,8 gam. (p n C)

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S DNG PHNG
TRNH ION - ELETRON
1.(KhiA - TSH 2009) Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t
tng git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh
( ktc). Gi tr ca V
A.4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
2. (Khi A - TSC 2007) Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch
X v 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung
dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
3.(Khi B - TSH 2010) Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 v Cl, trong s mol
ca ion Cl l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ngvi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2
gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c
3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47
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4.(Khi B - TSH 2007) Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi
400 ml dung dch (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr
pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
5. (Khi A - TSC 2012) Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l
2 : 1). Cho X tc dng vi H2O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch H2SO4 long (d) thu c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn
ng u xy ra hon ton. T l s mol ca Fe v Al trong X tng ng l
A. 1 : 2. B. 5 : 8. C. 5 : 16. D. 16 : 5.
6. (Khi A - TSH 2010) Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4
: 1. Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A.13,70 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 18,46 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
7. (Khi A - TSH 2010) Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu
c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82
gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt
thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A.0,08 v 4,8. B. 0,04 v 4,8
C. 0,14 v 2,4. D. 0,07 v 3,2.
8. (Khi A - TSH 2010) Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+; 0,006 mol Cl;
0,006 mol HCO3 v 0,001 mol NO3. loi b ht Ca2+ trong X cn mt lng va dung
dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,180. B. 0,120.
C. 0,444. D. 0,222.
9. (Khi A - TSH 2010) Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung
dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A.0,020. B. 0,030.
C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
10. (Khi A - TSH 2009) Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha
hn hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,182. B. 3,940.
C. 1,970. D. 2,364.
11. (Khi B - TSH 2011) Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm
K2CO3 0,2M v KOH x mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho
ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A.1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 1,4.
12. (Khi A - TSH 2011) Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton
b dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A.19,76 gam. B. 22,56 gam. C. 20,16 gam. D. 19,20 gam.
Phng php 7 : TNG GIM KHI LNG
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Nguyn tc ca phng php l xem khi chuyn t cht A thnh cht B (khng nht thit trc
tip, c th b qua nhiu giai on trung gian) khi lng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam thng
tnh theo 1 mol) v da vo khi lng thay i ta d dng tnh c s mol cht tham gia phn
ng hoc ngc li. V d trong phn ng:
MCO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|

Ta thy rng khi chuyn 1 mol MCO
3
thnh MCl
2
th khi lng tng
(M + 235,5) (M + 60) = 11 gam
v c 1 mol CO
2
bay ra. Nh vy khi bit lng mui tng, ta c th tnh lng CO
2
bay ra.
Trong phn ng este ha:
CH
3
COOH + R'OH CH
3
COOR' + H
2
O
th t 1 mol ROH chuyn thnh 1 mol este khi lng tng
(R' + 59) (R' + 17) = 42 gam.
Nh vy nu bit khi lng ca ru v khi lng ca este ta d dng tnh c s mol ru
hoc ngc li.
Vi bi tp cho kim loi A y kim loi B ra khi dung dch mui di dng t do:
- Khi lng kim loi tng bng
m
B (bm)
m
A (tan)
.
- Khi lng kim loi gim bng
m
A (tan)
m
B (bm)
.
Sau y l cc v d in hnh:
V d 1: (Khi B - TSH 2013) Cho 0,76 gam hn hp X gm hai amin n chc, c s mol bng
nhau, phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,49 gam mui. Khi lng ca amin c
phn t khi nh hn trong 0,76 gam X l
A. 0,45 gam. B. 0,38 gam. C. 0,58 gam. D. 0,31 gam.
Li gii
C n HCl = (1,49 0,76) : 36,5 = 0,2 mol => M
tb
= 0,76 : 0,2 = 38 => c CH
3
NH
2
(0,1 mol)
m
amin b
= 3,1 gam
V d 2: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (I) v mt
mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO
2

(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l bao
nhiu?
A. 26,0 gam. B. 28,0 gam. C. 26,8 gam. D. 28,6 gam.
Hng dn gii
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C 1 mol mui cacbonat to thnh 1 mol mui clorua cho nn khi lng mui khan tng (71
60) = 11 gam, m

2
CO
n = n
mui cacbonat
= 0,2 mol.
Suy ra khi lng mui khan tng sau phn ng l 0,211 = 2,2 gam.
Vy tng khi lng mui khan thu c l 23,8 + 2,2 = 26 gam. (p n A)
V d 3: Cho 3,0 gam mt axit no, n chc A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan. CTPT ca A l
A. HCOOH B. C
3
H
7
COOH
C. CH
3
COOH D. C
2
H
5
COOH.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol axit n chc to thnh 1 mol mui th khi lng tng (23 1) = 22 gam, m theo
u bi khi lng mui tng (4,1 3) = 1,1 gam nn s mol axit l
n
axit
=
1,1
22
= 0,05 mol. M
axit
=
3
0,05
= 60 gam.
t CTTQ ca axit no, n chc A l C
n
H
2n+1
COOH nn ta c:
14n + 46 = 60 n = 1.
Vy CTPT ca A l CH
3
COOH. (p n C)
V d 4: Cho dung dch AgNO
3
d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 6,25 gam hai mui
KCl v KBr thu c 10,39 gam hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol hn hp
u.
A. 0,08 mol. B. 0,06 mol. C. 0,03 mol. D. 0,055 mol.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol mui halogen to thnh 1 mol kt ta
khi lng tng: 108 39 = 69 gam;
0,06 mol khi lng tng: 10,39 6,25 = 4,14 gam.
Vy tng s mol hn hp u l 0,06 mol. (p n B)
V d 5: Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr (II) vo dung dch CuSO
4
d.
Sau phn ng khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit ny nu
c nhng vo dung dch AgNO
3
th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit
tng ln 0,52 gam. Kim loi ha tr (II) l kim loi no sau y?
A. Pb. B. Cd. C. Al. D. Sn.
Hng dn gii
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t kim loi ha tr (II) l M vi s gam l x (gam).
M + CuSO
4 d
MSO
4
+ Cu
C M gam kim loi tan ra th s c 64 gam Cu bm vo. Vy khi lng kim loi gim (M
64) gam;
Vy: x (gam) =
0, 24. M
M 64
khi lng kim loi gim 0,24 gam.
Mt khc: M + 2AgNO
3
M(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
C M gam kim loi tan ra th s c 216 gam Ag bm vo. Vy khi lng kim loi tng (216
M) gam;
Vy: x (gam) =
0,52.M
216 M
khi lng kim loi tng 0,52 gam.
Ta c:
0, 24. M
M 64
=
0,52.M
216 M
M = 112 (kim loi Cd). (p n B)
V d 6: Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A.
Sc kh Cl
2
d vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5 gam
mui khan. Khi lng NaCl c trong hn hp X l
A. 29,25 gam. B. 58,5 gam.
C. 17,55 gam. D. 23,4 gam.
Hng dn gii
Kh Cl
2
d ch kh c mui NaI theo phng trnh
2NaI + Cl
2
2NaCl + I
2

C 1 mol NaI to thnh 1 mol NaCl
Khi lng mui gim 127 35,5 = 91,5 gam.
Vy: 0,5 mol Khi lng mui gim 104,25 58,5 = 45,75 gam.
m
NaI
= 1500,5 = 75 gam
m
NaCl
= 104,25 75 = 29,25 gam. (p n A)
V d 7: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam trong 340 gam dung dch AgNO
3
6%. Sau
mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO
3
trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng
ca vt sau phn ng l
A. 3,24 gam. B. 2,28 gam. C. 17,28 gam. D. 24,12 gam.
Hng dn gii

3
AgNO ( )
340 6
n =
170 100
ban u

= 0,12 mol;
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3
AgNO ( )
25
n = 0,12
100
ph.ng
= 0,03 mol.
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
+

0,015 0,03 0,03 mol
m
vt sau phn ng
= m
vt ban u
+ m
Ag (bm)
m
Cu (tan)

= 15 + (1080,03) (640,015) = 17,28 g
V d 8: Nhng mt thanh km v mt thanh st vo cng mt dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau mt thi
gian ly hai thanh kim loi ra thy trong dung dch cn li c nng mol ZnSO
4
bng 2,5
ln nng mol FeSO
4
. Mt khc, khi lng dung dch gim 2,2 gam.
Khi lng ng bm ln thanh km v bm ln thanh st ln lt l
A. 12,8 gam; 32 gam. B. 64 gam; 25,6 gam.
C. 32 gam; 12,8 gam. D. 25,6 gam; 64 gam.
Hng dn gii
V trong cng dung dch cn li (cng th tch) nn:
[ZnSO
4
] = 2,5 [FeSO
4
]

4 4
ZnSO FeSO
n 2, 5n =
Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
+
(1)
2,5x 2,5x 2,5x mol
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
+
(2)
x x x x mol
T (1), (2) nhn c gim khi lng ca dung dch l
m
Cu (bm)
m
Zn (tan)
m
Fe (tan)

2,2 = 64(2,5x + x) 652,5x 56x
x = 0,4 mol.
Vy: m
Cu (bm ln thanh km)
= 642,50,4 = 64 gam;
m
Cu (bm ln thanh st)
= 640,4 = 25,6 gam. (p n B)
V d 9: (Cu 15 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28
gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. HCCCOOH. D. CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
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Hng dn gii
t CTTQ ca axit hu c X n chc l RCOOH.
2RCOOH + CaCO
3
(RCOO)
2
Ca + CO
2
|
+ H
2
O
C 2 mol axit phn ng to mui th khi lng tng (40 2) = 38 gam.
x mol axit (7,28 5,76) = 1,52 gam.
x = 0,08 mol
RCOOH
5,76
M 72
0,08
= = R = 27
Axit X: CH
2
=CHCOOH. (p n A)
V d 10: Nhng thanh km vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO
4
. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd
2+

khi lng thanh km tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh km ban u.
A. 60 gam. B. 70 gam. C. 80 gam. D. 90 gam.
Hng dn gii
Gi khi lng thanh km ban u l a gam th khi lng tng thm l
2,35a
100
gam.
Zn + CdSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cd
65 1 mol 112, tng (112 65) = 47 gam

8,32
208
(=0,04 mol)
2,35a
100
gam
Ta c t l:
1 47
2,35a
0,04
100
= a = 80 gam. (p n C)
V d 11: Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO
4
, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim
loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch
Pb(NO
3
)
2
, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%. Xc nh M, bit rng s mol
CuSO
4
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Hng dn gii
Gi m l khi lng thanh kim loi, M l nguyn t khi ca kim loi, x l s mol mui phn
ng.
M + CuSO
4
MSO
4
+ Cu+
M (gam) 1 mol 64 gam, gim (M 64)gam.
x mol gim
0,05. m
100
gam.
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x =
0,05. m
100
M 64
(1)
M + Pb(NO
3
)
2
M(NO
3
)
2
+ Pb+
M (gam) 1 mol 207, tng (207 M) gam
x mol tng
7,1.m
100
gam
x =
7,1.m
100
207 M
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
0,05. m
100
M 64
=
7,1.m
100
207 M
(3)
T (3) gii ra M = 65. Vy kim loi M l km. (p n B)
V d 12: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl
3
to thnh dung dch Y.
Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl
3
. xc nh
cng thc ca mui XCl
3
.
A. FeCl
3
. B. AlCl
3
. C. CrCl
3
. D. Khng xc nh.
Hng dn gii
Gi A l nguyn t khi ca kim loi X.
Al + XCl
3
AlCl
3
+ X

3,78
27
= (0,14 mol) 0,14 0,14 mol.
Ta c : (A + 35,53)0,14 (133,50,14) = 4,06
Gii ra c: A = 56. Vy kim loi X l Fe v mui FeCl
3
. (p n A)
V d 13: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng
i c 69 gam cht rn. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn
hp ban u.
A. 15,4% v 84,6%. B. 22,4% v 77,6%.
C. 16% v 84%. D. 24% v 76%.
Hng dn gii
Ch c NaHCO
3
b phn hy. t x l s gam NaHCO
3
.
2NaHCO
3

o
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
|
+ H
2
O
C nung 168 gam khi lng gim: 44 + 18 = 62 gam
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62
x khi lng gim: 100 69 = 31 gam
Ta c:
168 62
x 31
= x = 84 gam.
Vy NaHCO
3
chim 84% v Na
2
CO
3
chim 16%. (p n C)
V d 14: Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui CuCl
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng
Mg vo dung dch A cho n khi mt mu xanh ca dung dch. Ly thanh Mg ra cn li
thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan.
Tnh m?
A. 1.28 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 3,1 gam. D. 0,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
m
tng
= m
Cu
m
Mg phn ng
=
( ) 2 2 2
Cu Mg Mg
m m 3,28 m m 0,8
gc axit
+ + +
= + =
m = 3,28 0,8 = 2,48 gam. (p n B)
V d 15: Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui MgCl
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo nc c dung dch A.
Nhng vo dung dch A mt thanh st. Sau mt khong thi gian ly thanh st ra cn li
thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr m l
A. 4,24 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 4,13 gam. D. 1,49 gam.
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: Sau mt khong thi gian tng khi lng ca
thanh Fe bng gim khi lng ca dung dch mui. Do :
m = 3,28 0,8 = 2,48 gam. (p n B)
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP TNG GIM
KHI LNG
01. Cho 115 gam hn hp gm ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra
22,4 lt CO
2
(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l
A. 142 gam. B. 126 gam. C. 141 gam. D. 132 gam.
02. (TSH - Khi B 2011) Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng
dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75 D. 32,50.
3. Cho hai thanh st c khi lng bng nhau.
- Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol AgNO
3
.
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- Thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Sau phn ng, ly thanh st ra, sy kh v cn li thy s cho kt qu no sau y?
A. Khi lng hai thanh sau nhng vn bng nhau nhng khc ban u.
B. Khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng.
C. Khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng.
D. Khi lng hai thanh khng i vn nh trc khi nhng.
04 . (TSH - Khi B 2010 )Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch
CuSO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp
kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A.56,37%. B. 64,42%. C. 43,62%. D. 37,58%.
05. Cho lung kh CO i qua 16 gam oxit st nguyn cht c nung nng trong mt ci ng. Khi
phn ng thc hin hon ton v kt thc, thy khi lng ng gim 4,8 gam.
Xc nh cng thc v tn oxit st em dng.
06. (TSH - Khi A-2009 ) Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c
m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam
mui Z. Bit m2 - m1 = 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.C5H9O4N. B. C4H10O2N2. C. C5H11O2N. D. C4H8O4N2.
07. .(TSH - Khi B 2010 ) Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng
dung dch HCl (d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh
hon ton 22 gam X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch
Ba(OH)2 (d) th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
08. (TSH - Khi A-2011 )Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam
hn hp X gm cc amino axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl
trong phn t). Nu cho 110 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung
dch, th lng mui khan thu c l
A.8,15 gam. B. 7,09 gam. C. 7,82 gam. D. 16,30 gam.
09. (H B/09): Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy
hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8.
10. (TSH - Khi B-2010) in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x
mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi
dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A.2,25. B. 1,50. C. 1,25. D. 3,25
Phng php 8
QUI I HN HP NHIU CHT V S LNG CHT T HN
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Mt s bi ton ha hc c th gii nhanh bng cc phng php bo ton electron, bo ton
nguyn t, bo ton khi lng song phng php quy i cng tm ra p s rt nhanh v l
phng php tng i u vit, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp trc nghim phn loi hc sinh.
Cc ch khi p dng phng php quy i:
1. Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (hn hp X) (t ba cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht hay
ch cn mt cht ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi lng hn hp.
2. C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta
nn chn cp cht no n gin c t phn ng oxi ha kh nht n gin vic tnh ton.
3. Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s m l do s b tr
khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp. Trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt
qu cui cng vn tha mn.
4. Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
th oxit Fe
x
O
y
tm c ch l oxit gi nh
khng c thc.
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe,
Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,24 lt
kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,2 gam. B. 10,2 gam. C. 7,2 gam. D. 6,9 gam.
Hng dn gii
- Quy hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ha tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d ta c
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O

0,1
3
0,1 mol
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l

Fe
8,4 0,1 0,35
n
56 3 3
= =
2 3
Fe O
0,35
n
3 2
=


Vy:
2 3
X Fe Fe O
m m m = +

X
0,1 0,35
m 56 160
3 3
= + = 11,2 gam.
- Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
:
FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,1 0,1 mol
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ta c:
2
2 2 3
2Fe O 2FeO
0,1 0,1 mol
0,15 mol
4Fe 3O 2Fe O
0,05 0,025 mol
+



2
h X
m = 0,172 + 0,025160 = 11,2 gam. (p n A)
Ch : Vn c th quy hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe v FeO), hoc (Fe v
Fe
3
O
4
) nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn (c th l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h
phng trnh, gii h phng trnh hai n s).
- Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x2y)HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x2y) NO
2
+ (3xy)H
2
O

0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1 mol.

Fe
8,4 0,1.x
n
56 3x 2y
= =


x 6
y 7
= mol.
Vy cng thc quy i l Fe
6
O
7
(M = 448) v

6 7
Fe O
0,1
n
3 6 2 7
=

= 0,025 mol.
m
X
= 0,025448 = 11,2 gam.
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v hn hp hai cht l FeO, Fe
2
O
3
l
n gin nht.
V d 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
c nng thu c
4,48 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi
tr ca m l
A. 35,7 gam. B. 46,4 gam. C. 15,8 gam. D. 77,7 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c
FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,4 mol

3 3
Fe( NO )
145,2
n
242
= = 0,6 mol.
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66
m
X
= 0,2(72 + 160) = 46,4 gam. (p n B)
V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c nng
thu c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc).
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng oxi trong hn hp X.
A. 40,24%. B. 30,7%. C. 20,97%. D. 37,5%.
b) Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Y.
A. 160 gam. B.140 gam. C. 120 gam. D. 100 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, ta c:

2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2FeO 4H SO Fe (SO ) SO 4H O
0,8 0,4 0, 4 mol
49,6 gam
Fe O 3H SO Fe (SO ) 3H O
0,05 0,05 mol
+ + +

+ +



2 3
Fe O
m = 49,6 0,872 = 8 gam (0,05 mol)
n
O (X)
= 0,8 + 3(0,05) = 0,65 mol.
Vy: a)
O
0,65 16 100
%m
49,9

= = 20,97%. (p n C)
b)
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m = [0,4 + (-0,05)]400 = 140 gam. (p n B)
V d 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
th cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt
khc ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c
th tch kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc) l.
A. 224 ml. B. 448 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x, y, ta c:
FeO + H
2

o
t
Fe + H
2
O
x y
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2

o
t
2Fe + 3H
2
O
x 3y

x 3y 0,05
72x 160y 3,04
+ =

+ =


x 0,02 mol
y 0,01 mol
=


TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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2FeO + 4H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
0,02 0,01 mol
Vy:
2
SO
V = 0,0122,4 = 0,224 lt (hay 224 ml). (p n A)
V d 5: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X
trong dung dch HNO
3
(d) thot ra 0,56 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi
tr ca m l
A. 2,52 gam. B. 2,22 gam. C. 2,62 gam. D. 2,32 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe
2
O
3
:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,025 0,025 0,025 mol

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 560,025 = 1,6 gam

2 3
Fe ( trong Fe O )
1,6
m 2
160
= = 0,02 mol
m
Fe
= 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam. (p n A)
V d 6: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo
dung dch Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch
Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch
Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
.
Hn hp X gm: Fe
3
O
4
0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol + dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,4 mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
|

0,1 0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe
2+
: 0,3 mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
3Fe
2+
+ NO
3

+ 4H
+
3Fe
3+
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O
0,3 0,1 0,1 mol
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n
2

= = 0,05 mol.

2
3 2
d Cu( NO )
0,05
V
1
= = 0,05 lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
V d 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. A ha tan
va vn trong dung dch cha 0,5 mol HNO
3
, bay ra kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. S
mol NO bay ra l.
A. 0,01. B. 0,04. C. 0,03. D. 0,02.
Hng dn gii

Fe
8, 96
n 0,16
56
= = mol
Quy hn hp A gm (FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
) thnh hn hp (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
) ta c phng trnh:
2Fe + O
2
2FeO
x x
4Fe + 3O
2
2Fe
2
O
3

y y/2
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
x 10x/3 x/3
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
y/2 3y
H phng trnh:

x y 0,16
10x
3y 0,5
3
+ =

+ =


x 0,06 mol
y 0,1 mol
=


V d 8:( TSH Khi A - 2013) Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O v BaO. Ha tan hon ton 21,9
gam X vo nc, thu c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, trong c 20,52 gam Ba(OH)2.
Hp th hon ton 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,64 B. 15,76 C. 21,92 D. 39,40
HNG DN GII
Cch 1 :
Gi x l s mol NaOH trong dung dch Y
Qui i v Na2O v BaO :
1,12 20,52 x
29,12 16 153 : 2 62
22, 4 171 40
+ = +

x=0,14; s mol Ba(OH)2=20,52:171=0,12; s mol CO2=0,3
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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S mol OH=0,38-->S mol CO32=0,08<0,12-->m=0,08197=15,76
Cch 2 :
Qui i hn hp X v 3 nguyn t : Na(x mol), Ba(y mol); O(z mol)
23x+137y+16z=21,9
x+2y-2z=1,12:22,4*2=0,1
y=20,52:171=0,12
-->x=0,14;z=0,12
S mol OH-=0,12*2+0,14=0,38
1<S mol OH-:s mol CO2<2-->S mol CO32-=0,38-0,3=0,08<0,12
Khi lng kt ta=0,08*197=15,76
Phng php 9
CC I LNG DNG KHI QUT
Trong cc kim tra v thi tuyn sinh theo phng php trc nghim chng ta thy rng s
lng cu hi v bi tp kh nhiu v a dng bao trm ton b chng trnh ha hc ph thng.
Rt nhiu cc phng php, cc dng bi c bn c bit n. Sau y l mt s v d v
dng bi tm mi lin h khi qut gia cc i lng thng xut hin trong trong cc thi tuyn
sinh i hc.
V d 1: (Cu 11 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy
u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch
X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b). B. V = 11,2(a b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Hng dn gii
Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c phng trnh:
HCl + Na
2
CO
3
NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (1)
b b b mol
HCl + NaHCO
3
NaCl + CO
2
|
+ H
2
O (2)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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(a b) (a b) mol
Dung dch X cha NaHCO
3
d do HCl tham gia phn ng ht,
NaHCO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2 d
CaCO
3+
+ NaOH + H
2
O
Vy: V = 22,4(a b). (p n A)
V d 2: (Cu 13 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t
clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Hng dn gii
Mt phn t Clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC theo phng trnh:
2
n
CH CH
|
Cl
| |
|
|
\ .
+ kCl
2
o
xt
t

2
k n k
CH CH CH CH
| | |
Cl Cl Cl

| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .

Do: %m
Cl
= 63,96%
%m
C,H cn li
= 36,04%.
Vy
35,5 (n k) 35,5 2 k
27 (n k) 26 k
+
+
=
63,96
36,04


n
k
= 3. (p n A).
V d 3: (Cu 21 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta
th cn c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Hng dn gii
Trn a mol AlCl
3
vi b mol NaOH thu c kt ta th

3
3 2 2
3
2 2
Al3 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) OH AlO 2H O
Al 4OH AlO 2H O
a 4 mol
+
+

+
+

+ +

+ +

kt ta tan hon ton th
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
71

3
OH
Al
n
n

+
> 4
b
a
> 4.
Vy c kt ta th
b
a
< 4
a : b > 1 : 4. (p n D)
V d 4: (Cu 37 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a mol
Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l
A. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH. D. HOOCCOOH.
Hng dn gii
- t a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
axit hu c Y c hai nguyn t C trong phn
t.
- Trung ha a mol axit hu c Y cn dng 2a mol NaOH axit hu c Y c 2 nhm chc
cacboxyl (COOH).
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l HOOCCOOH. (p n D)
V d 5: (Cu 39 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch
tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1
phn t in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x 2. D. y = x + 2.
Hng dn gii
pH
HCl
= x [H
+
]
HCl
= 10
x


3
CH COOH
pH y =
3
y
CH COOH
[H ] 10
+
=
Ta c: HCl H
+
+ Cl


10
x
10
x
(M)
CH
3
COOH

H
+
+ CH
3
COO


100.10
y
10
y
(M).
Mt khc: [HCl] = [CH
3
COOH]
10
x
= 100.10
y
y = x + 2. (p n D)
V d 6: (Cu 53 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al
2
O
3
, b mol CuO, c mol Ag
2
O), ngi
ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO
3
c dung dch Y, sau thm
(gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y. B. c mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Hng dn gii
Ha tan hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3

Al
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
a 6a 2a mol
CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
b 2b b mol
Ag
2
O + 2HNO
3
2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O
c 2c 2c mol
Dung dch HNO
3
va . Dung dch Y gm 2a mol Al(NO
3
)
3
, b mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
, 2c mol
AgNO
3
. thu Ag tinh khit cn cho thm kim loi Cu vo phng trnh
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
c mol 2c
Vy cn c mol bt Cu vo dung dch Y. (p n B)
V d 7: (Cu 32 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO
4
v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn
xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin
ca a v b l (bit ion SO
4
2
khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh in phn dung dch
CuSO
4
+ 2NaCl
pdd
Cu
+
+ Cl
2
|
+ Na
2
SO
4
(1)
a 2a mol
Dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng sau phn ng (1) th
dung dch NaCl cn d v tip tc b in phn theo phng trnh
2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pdd
mng ngn
2NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2
(2)
Vy: b > 2a. (p n A)
Ch : Tng t cng cu hi trn chng ta c th hi:
+ dung dch sau in phn c mi trng axit th iu kin ca a v b l.
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A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. a = 2b.
+ dung dch sau in phn c kh nng ha tan kt ta Al(OH)
3
th iu kin ca a, b l
A. b > 2a. B. b < 2a. C. b = 2a. D. b > 2a.
V d 8: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O (bit b
= a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy
ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Hng dn gii
Trong phn ng trng gng mt anehit X ch cho 2e X l anehit n chc bi v:

1
RCHO
+

3
4
RCOONH
+

trong : C
+1
2e C
+3
.
t cng thc phn t ca anehit n chc X l C
x
H
y
O ta c phng trnh
C
x
H
y
O +
2
y 1
x O
4 2
| |
+
|
\ .
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
a a.x
a.y
2
mol
(b mol) (c mol)
Ta c: b = a + c ax = a +
a.y
2
y = 2x 2.
Cng thc tng qut ca anehit n chc X l C
x
H
2x2
O c dng C
x1
H
2(x1)1
CHO l anehit
khng no c mt lin kt i, n chc. (p n C)
V d 9: Cng thc phn t ca mt ancol A l C
n
H
m
O
x
. cho A l ancol no th m phi c gi tr
A. m = 2n. B. m = 2n + 2.
C. m = 2n 1. D. m = 2n + 1.
Hng dn gii
Theo phng php ng nht h s: Cng thc tng qut ca ancol no l C
n
H
2n+2-x
(OH)
x
hay
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
. Vy m = 2n+2. (p n B)
V d 10: Hi t l th tch CO
2
v hi nc (T) bin i trong khong no khi t chy hon ton
cc ankin.
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A. 1 < T s 2. B. 1 s T < 1,5.
C. 0,5 < T s 1. D. 1 < T < 1,5.
Hng dn gii
C
n
H
2n-2
nCO
2
+ (n 1)H
2
O
iu kin: n > 2 v n e N.
T =
2
2
CO
H O
n
n
=
n 1
.
1
n 1
1
n
=



Vi mi n > 2 T > 1; mt khc n tng T gim.
n = 2 T = 2 l gi tr ln nht.
Vy: 1 < T s 2. (p n A)
V d 11: (TSH-KHIA 2013) Ha tan hon ton m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu
c 5,376 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm N2, N2O v dung dch cha 8m gam mui. T khi ca X
so vi H2 bng 18. Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,28 B. 19,44 C. 18,90 D. 21,60

HNG DN GII
Khi lng Al(NO3)3+khi lng NH4NO3=khi lng mui thu c
m m 5,376 44 36 36 28
213 ( 3 ( 10 8)) : 8 80 8m
27 27 22, 4 16 16

+ + =

m=21,6
V d 12: Mt dung dch hn hp cha a mol NaAlO2 v a mol NaOH tc dng vi mt dung dch
cha b mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l
A. a = b. B. a = 2b. C. b = 5a. D. a < b < 5a.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (1)
a mol a mol
NaAlO
2
+ HCl + H
2
O Al(OH)
3+
+ NaCl (2)
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
NaAlO
2
+ 4HCl AlCl
3
+ NaCl + 2H
2
O (4)
a mol 4a mol
iu kin khng c kt ta khi n
HCl
>
2
NaAlO
4n + n
NaOH
= 5a. Vy suy ra iu kin c kt
ta:
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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n
NaOH
< n
HCl
<
2
NaAlO
4n + n
NaOH

a < b < 5a. (p n D)
V d 13: Dung dch cha a mol NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol H
3
PO
4
sinh ra hn hp
Na
2
HPO
4
+ Na
3
PO
4
. T s
a
b
l
A. 1 <
a
b
< 2. B.
a
b
> 3.
C. 2 <
a
b
< 3. D.
a
b
> 1.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + H
3
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O (1)
2NaOH + H
3
PO
4
Na
2
HPO
4
+ 2H
2
O (2)
3NaOH + H
3
PO
4
Na
3
PO
4
+ 3H
2
O (3)
Ta c: n
NaOH
= a mol ;
3 4
H PO
n = b mol.
thu c hn hp mui Na
2
HPO
4
+ Na
3
PO
4
th phn ng xy ra c hai phng trnh (2
v 3), do :
2 <
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n
n
< 3, tc l 2 <
a
b
< 3. (p n C)
V d 14: Hn hp X gm Na v Al.
- Th nghim 1: Nu cho m gam X tc dng vi H
2
O d th thu c V
1
lt H
2
.
- Th nghim 2: nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c V
2
lt
H
2
.
Cc kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
> V
2
. C. V
1
< V
2
. D. V
1
s V
2
.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng khi ha tan hn hp Na v Al vi H
2
O v vi dung dch NaOH d:
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2
(1)
2Al + 6H
2
O + 2NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
] + 3H
2
(2)
t s mol Na v Al ban u ln lt l x v y (mol).
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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TN1: x > y n
NaOH
va hoc d khi ha tan Al c hai th nghim cng to thnh
x 3x
2 2
| |
+
|
\ .
mol H
2
.
V
1
= V
2
.
TN2: x < y trong TN1 (1) Al d, TN2 (2) Al tan ht
2 2
H (TN2) H (TN2)
n n . >
V
2
> V
1
.
Nh vy (x,y > 0) th V
2
> V
1
. (p n D)
V d 15: Mt bnh kn cha V lt NH
3
v V'

lt O
2
cng iu kin. Nung nng bnh c xc tc
NH
3
chuyn ht thnh NO, sau NO chuyn ht thnh NO
2
. NO
2
v lng O
2
cn li
trong bnh hp th va vn ht trong nc thnh dung dch HNO
3
. T s
V
V
'
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
4NH
3
+ 5O
2
o
xt
t
4NO + 6H
2
O
V 5V/4 V
2NO + O
2

2NO
2

V V/2 V
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

V
5V V
V
4 2
| |
'
|
\ .

V = 4
5V V
V
4 2
| |
'
|
\ .

V
V
'
= 2. (p n B)
V d 16: (TSH KHI A 2013 ) Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v
NaCl (hiu sut 100%, in cc tr, mng ngn xp), n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai
in cc th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha
tan ti a 20,4 gam Al2O3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,6. B. 23,5 C. 51,1. D. 50,4.

HNG DN GII
CuSO4+2NaCl-->Cu+Cl2+Na2SO4 (1)
x 2x x
*Nu CuSO4 d sau (1)
CuSO4+H2O-->Cu+(1/2)O2+H2SO4
y 0,5 y y
Al2O3+3H2SO4-->Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
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0,2-->0,6
y=0,6-->0,5y=0,3(loi)
*Nu NaCl d sau (1)
2NaCl+2H2O-->2NaOH+H2+Cl2
y y 0,5y 0,5y
Al2O3+2NaOH-->2NaAlO2+H2O
0,2 0,4
y=0,4-->x=0,1
m=160x+(2x+y)58,5= 0,1160+(0,1 2+0,4)58,5=51,1
V d 17: Hn hp X c mt s ankan. t chy 0,05 mol hn hp X thu c a mol CO
2
v b mol
H
2
O. Kt lun no sau y l ng?
A. a = b. B. a = b 0,02.
C. a = b 0,05. D. a = b 0,07.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca 1 s ankan l
x 2x 2
C H
+


x 2x 2
C H
+
+
2
3x 1
O
2
+
x CO
2
+ (x 1) + H
2
O
0,5 0,05 x 0,05(x 1) + mol

0,05x a
0,05(x 1) b
=

+ =

a = b 0,05. (p n C)
V d 18: (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M
thot ra V
2
lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1

v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
=
1,5V
1
.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
3
Cu
HNO
3,84
n 0,06 mol
64
n 0,08 mol

= =


3
H
NO
n 0,08 mol
n 0,08 mol
+


3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
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u bi: 0,06 0,08 0,08 H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02 mol
V
1
tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.
TN2: n
Cu
= 0,06 mol ;
3
HNO
n 0,08 mol = ;
2 4
H SO
n 0,04 mol. =
Tng
H
n
+
= 0,16 mol ;
3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol.
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
u bi: 0,06 0,16 0,08 Cu v H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04 mol
V
2
tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.
Nh vy V
2
= 2V
1
. (p n B)
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP CC I
LNG DNG TNG QUT
01. (H_A_11): t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v
u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v y mol H
2
O. Biu thc
lin h gia cc gi tr x, y v V l
A. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y . B. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y C. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y + . D. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y + .
2. Cho a mol Fe vo dung dch cha b mol dung dch AgNO
3
. a v b c quan h nh th no
thu c dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
duy nht sau phn ng?
A. b =2a. B. b>a. C. b=3a. D. b >a.
03. (H_A_09): Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu
c V lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v a gam H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A. m = 2a - V/22,4 B. m = 2a - V/11,2 C. m = a + V/5,6 D. m = a - V/5,6
04. Dung dch X cha a mol NaAlO
2
. Khi thm vo dung dch X b mol hoc 2b mol dung dch HCl
th lng kt ta sinh ra u nh nhau. T s
a
b
c gi tr bng
A. 1. B. 1,25. C. 1,5. D. 1,75.
05 : (Khi A- TSH 2009) Cho phng trnh ho hc:
Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th
h s ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
06.(H_A_09): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
) th
0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
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A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n 0). B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n 0).
C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2). D. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n 2).
07. A l axit cha ba nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Cho 0,015 mol A tc dng vi dung dch
cha a mol Ba(OH)
2
thu c dung dch B. Ngi ta nhn thy:
Nu a = 0,01 mol th dung dch B lm qu tm.
Nu a = 0,02 mol th dung dch B lm xanh qu tm. B c cng thc cu to:
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOH. B. CH
2
=CHCOOH.
C. CHCCOOH. D. HOOCCH
2
COOH.
08. C 2 axit hu c no: (A) l axit n chc v (B) l axit a chc. Hn hp (X) cha x mol (A)
v y mol (B). t chy hon ton (X) th thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cho x + y = 0,3 v M
A
<
M
B
. Vy cng thc phn t ca (A) l:
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
09. (H_A_08): Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc
th tch o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Cng thc phn
t ca X l
A. C
6
H
14
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
5
H
12

10. (Khi A- TSH 2008) Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong
khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm
kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho H =
1, C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40)
A. 30. B. 10. C. 20. D. 40.
11: (Khi A- TSH 2012) Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R
c s oxi ha thp nht) v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu
no sau y l ng?
A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
12: (Khi A- TSC 2008) Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi
lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch
HNO3 long, sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sn phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A.x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
13: (Khi A- TSH 2010) Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x
: y = 2 : 5), thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol
electron do lng Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A.2x. B. 3x. C. 2y. D. y.
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14 : Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
: a mol; HCO
3

: b mol; CO
3
2
: c mol; SO
4
2
: d mol. to ra
kt ta ln nht ngi ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x
theo a v b.
A. x = a + b. B. x = a b. C. x =
a b
0, 2
+
. D. x =
a b
0,1
+
.
15 : (Khi A- TSC 2010) Cho phn ng :
Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31

Phng php 10
T CHN LNG CHT
Trong mt s cu hi v bi tp trc nghim chng ta c th gp mt s trng hp c bit
sau:
- C mt s bi ton tng nh thiu d kin gy b tc cho vic tnh ton.
- C mt s bi ton ngi ta cho di dng gi tr tng qut nh a gam, V lt, n mol hoc
cho t l th tch hoc t l s mol cc cht...
Nh vy kt qu gii bi ton khng ph thuc vo cht cho. Trong cc trng hp trn tt
nht ta t chn mt gi tr nh th no cho vic gii bi ton tr thnh n gin nht.
Cch 1: Chn mt mol nguyn t, phn t hoc mt mol hn hp cc cht phn ng.
Cch 2: Chn ng t l lng cht trong u bi cho.
Cch 3: Chn cho thng s mt gi tr ph hp chuyn phn s phc tp v s n gin
tnh ton.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh:
Cch 1: CHN 1 MOL CHT HOC HN HP CHT PHN NG
V d 1: Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M ha tr n bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4

9,8% ta thu c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. M l kim loi g?
A. Cu. B. Fe. C. Al. D. Zn.
Hng dn gii
Chn 1 mol mui M
2
(CO
3
)
n
.
M
2
(CO
3
)
n
+ nH
2
SO
4
M
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nCO
2
|
+ nH
2
O
C (2M + 60n) gam 98n gam (2M + 96n) gam
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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2 4
dd H SO
98n 100
m 1000n gam
9,8

= =

2 3 n 2 4 2
M (CO ) dd H SO CO
m m m m = +
dd mui

= 2M + 60n + 1000.n 44.n = (2M + 1016.n) gam.

( ) +
= =
+
dd mui
2M 96 100
C% 14,18
2M 1016n

M = 28.n n = 2 ; M = 56 l ph hp vy M l Fe. (p n B)
V d 2: Cho dung dch axit axetic c nng x% tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 10% th
thu c dung dch mui c nng 10,25%. Vy x c gi tr no sau y?
A. 20%. B. 16%. C. 15%. D.13%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol CH
3
COOH:
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
60 gam 40 gam 82 gam

3
dd CH COOH
60 100
m gam
x

=

ddNaOH
40 100
m 400 gam
10

= =

60 100 82 100
m 400
x 10,25

= + =
dd mui
gam.
x = 15%. (p n C).
V d 3: (Cu 1 - M 231 - Khi A - TSC 2007)
Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)
2
bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% thu
c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol M(OH)
2
tham gia phn ng
M(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
C (M + 34) gam 98 gam (M + 96) gam

2 4
dd H SO
98 100
m 490 gam
20

= =
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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( )
( )
4
dd MSO
M 96 100
m M 34 490
27,21
+
= + + =
M = 64 M l Cu. (p n A)
V d 4: Hn hp X gm N
2
v c H
2
c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 3,6. Sau khi tin hnh phn ng
tng hp c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 4. Hiu sut phn ng tng hp l
A. 10%. B. 15%. C. 20%. D. 25%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp X, ta c:
m
x
=
X
M = 7,2 gam.
t
2
N
n a mol = , ta c:
28a + 2(1 a) = 7,2
a = 0,2

2
N
n 0,2 mol = v
2
H
n 0,8 mol = H
2
d.
N
2
+ 3H
2

o
xt , t
p

2NH
3

Ban u: 0,2 0,8
Phn ng: x 3x 2x
Sau phn ng: (0,2 x) (0,8 3x) 2x
n
Y
= (1 2x) mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c m
X
= m
Y


Y
Y
Y
m
n
M
=
( )
7,2
1 2x
8
= x = 0,05.
Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N
2
l
0,05 100
25%
0,2

= . (p n D)
V d 5: Hn hp A gm mt Anken v hiro c t khi so vi H
2
bng 6,4. Cho A i qua niken
nung nng c hn hp B c t khi so vi H
2
bng 8 (gi thit hiu sut phn ng xy ra
l 100%). Cng thc phn t ca anken l
A. C
2
H
4
.

B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
.

D. C
5
H
10
.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp A gm (a mol C
n
H
2n
v (1a) mol H
2
)
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Ta c: 14.n.a + 2(1 a) = 12,8 (1)
Hn hp B c M 16 14n = < (vi n > 2) trong hn hp B c H
2
d
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

o
Ni, t
C
n
H
2n+2

Ban u: a mol (1a) mol
Phn ng: a a a mol
Sau phn ng hn hp B gm (1 2a) mol H
2
d v a mol C
n
H
2n+2
. tng n
B
= 1 2a.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c m
A
= m
B


B
B
B
m
n
M
= ( )
12,8
1 2a
16
= a = 0,2 mol.
Thay a = 0,2 vo (1) ta c 140,2n + 2(1 0,2) = 12,8
n = 4 anken l C
4
H
8
. (p n C)
V d 6: Oxi ha C
2
H
5
OH bng CuO nung nng, thu c hn hp cht lng gm CH
3
CHO,
C
2
H
5
OH d v H
2
O c M = 40 vC. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ha l
A. 25%. B. 35%. C. 45%. D. 55%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH. t a mol C
2
H
5
OH b oxi ha. Vy a l hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha
ru.
C
2
H
5
OH + CuO
o
t
CH
3
CHO + H
2
O + Cu
+

Ban u: 1 mol
Oxi ha: a mol a mol a mol
Sau phn ng: (1 a) mol C
2
H
5
OH d a mol a mol

46(1 a) 44a 18a
M 40
1 a
+ +
= =
+

a = 0,25 hay hiu sut l 25%. (p n A)
V d 7: Hn hp X gm N
2
v H
2
c
X
M 12,4 = . Dn X i qua bnh ng bt Fe ri nung nng
bit rng hiu sut tng hp NH
3
t 40% th thu c hn hp Y.
Y
M c gi tr l
A. 15,12. B. 18,23. C. 14,76. D. 13,48.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp X m
X
= 12,4 gam gm a mol N
2
v (1 a) mol H
2
.
28a + 2(1 a) = 12,4 a = 0,4 mol
2
H
n 0,6 mol =
N
2
+ 3H
2

o
xt , t
p

2NH
3
(vi hiu sut 40%)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Ban u: 0,4 0,6
Phn ng: 0,08 0,60,4 0,16 mol
Sau phn ng: 0,32 0,36 0,16 mol
Tng: n
Y
= 0,32 + 0,36 + 0,16 = 0,84 mol;
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: m
X
= m
Y
.

Y
12,4
M 14,76 gam
0,84
= = . (p n C)
V d 8: Phng in qua O
2
c hn hp kh O
2
, O
3
c M 33 = gam. Hiu sut phn ng l
A. 7,09%. B. 9,09%. C. 11,09%. D.13,09%.
Hng dn gii
3O
2

TL
2O
3
Chn 1 mol hn hp O
2
, O
3
ta c:

2
O
n a mol = ( )
3
O
n 1 a mol = .
( ) 32a 48 1 a 33 + =
2
15
a mol O
16
=

3
O
15 1
n 1 mol
16 16
= =

2
O
1 3 3
n
16 2 32
= =
b oxi ho
mol
Hiu sut phn ng l:
3
100
32
9,09%
3 15
32 16

=
+
. (p n B)
V d 9: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long ri c cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi
lng kim loi R ban u em ho tan. Kim loi R l
A. Al. B. Ba. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol kim loi ng vi R (gam) tham gia phn ng.
2R + nH
2
SO
4
R
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nH
2

C R (gam)
2R 96n
gam mui
2
+ | |
|
\ .


( ) 2R 96n
5R
2
+
= R = 12n tha mn vi n = 2.
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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85
Vy: R = 24 (Mg). (p n D)

Cch 2: CHN NG T L LNG CHT TRONG U BI CHO
V d 10: (Cu 48 - M 182 - khi A - TSH 2007)
Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton
hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp
kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
3
H
4
.
Hng dn gii
t hn hp gm hirocacbon X gm C
x
H
y
(1 mol) v O
2
(10 mol ).
C
x
H
y
+
y
x
4
| |
+
|
\ .
O
2
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
1 mol
y
x
4
| |
+
|
\ .
mol x mol
y
2
mol
Hn hp kh Z gm x mol CO
2
v
y
10 x
4
( | |
+
| (
\ .
mol O
2
d.

Z
M 19 2 38 = =


2
2
co
o
n
1
n 1
=
Vy:
y
x 10 x
4
= 8x = 40 y.
x = 4, y = 8 tho mn p n C.
V d 11: A l hn hp gm mt s hirocacbon th kh, B l khng kh. Trn A vi B cng
nhit p sut theo t l th tch (1:15) c hn hp kh D. Cho D vo bnh kn dung
tch khng i V. Nhit v p sut trong bnh l t
o
C v p atm. Sau khi t chy A
trong bnh ch c N
2
, CO
2
v hi nc vi
2 2
CO H O
V : V 7: 4 = a bnh v t
o
C.
p sut trong bnh sau khi t l p
1
c gi tr l
A.
1
47
p p.
48
= B. p
1
= p.
C.
1
16
p p.
17
= D.
1
3
p p.
5
=
Hng dn gii
2
2
CO
O
(n ) 44 6
38
(n ) 32 6
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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t A: C
x
H
y
+
2
y
x O
4
| |
+
|
\ .
xCO
2
+
2
y
H O
2

V phn ng ch c N
2
, H
2
O, CO
2
cc hirocacbon b chy ht v O
2
va .
Chn
x y
C H
n 1 = n
B
= 15 mol
2
O
y 15
n x 3
4 5
= + = =
p.
mol.

2 2
N O
n 4n 12 mol = =

y
x 3
4
x : y 2 7: 4

+ =

x =
7
3
; y =
8
3

V nhit v th tch khng i nn p sut t l vi s mol kh, ta c:

1
p 7 3 4 3 12 47
p 1 15 48
+ +
= =
+

1
47
p p.
48
= (p n A)
Cch 3: CHN GI TR CHO THNG S
V d 12: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp X hai hirocacbon A, B thu c
132.a
41
gam CO
2
v
2
45a
gam H O
41
. Nu thm vo hn hp X mt na lng A c trong hn hp X ri t
chy hon ton th thu c
2
165a
gam CO
41
v
2
60,75a
gam H O
41
. Bit A, B khng lm
mt mu nc Br
2
.
a) Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
2
H
2
.

B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
6
H
12
. D. C
6
H
14
.
b) Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C
2
H
2
.

B. C
6
H
6
. C. C
4
H
4
.

D. C
8
H
8
.
c) Phn trm s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X l.
A. 60%; 40%. B. 25%; 75%.
C. 50%; 50%. D. 30%; 70%.
Hng dn gii
a) Chn a = 41 gam.
t X
2
CO
132
n 3 mol
44
= = v
2
H O
45
n 2,5 mol
18
= = .
t
1
X A
2
| |
+
|
\ .

2
CO
165
n 3,75 mol
44
= = v
2
H O
60,75
n 3,375 mol
18
= = .
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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87
t
1
A
2
thu c (3,75 3) = 0,75 mol CO
2
v (3,375 2,5) = 0,875 mol H
2
O.
t chy A thu c
2
CO
n 1,5 mol = v
2
H O
n 1,75 mol = .
v
2 2
H O CO
n n > A thuc loi ankan, do :
( )
n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n 1
C H O nCO n 1 H O
2
+
+
+ + +

2
2
CO
H O
n
n 1,5
n n 1 1,75
= =
+
n = 6 A l C
6
H
14
. (p n D)
b) t B thu c (3 1,5) = 1,5 mol CO
2
v (2,5 1,75) = 0,75 mol H
2
O
Nh vy
C
H
n 1,5 1
n 0,75 2 1
= =

cng thc tng qut ca B l (CH)


n
v X khng lm mt mu
nc Brom nn B thuc aren B l C
6
H
6
. (p n B)
c) V A, B c cng s nguyn t C (6C) m lng CO
2
do A, B to ra bng nhau (1,5 mol)
n
A
= n
B
.
%n
A
= %n
B
= 50%. (p n C)
V d 13: Trn a gam hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon C
6
H
14
v C
6
H
6
theo t l s mol (1:1) vi m
gam mt hirocacbon D ri t chy hon ton th thu c
2
275a
gam CO
82
v
94,5a
82

gam H
2
O.
a) D thuc loi hirocacbon no
A. C
n
H
2n+2
.

B. C
m
H
2m2
. C. C
n
H
2n
.

D. C
n
H
n
.
b) Gi tr m l
A. 2,75 gam. B. 3,75 gam. C. 5 gam. D. 3,5 gam.
Hng dn gii
a) Chn a = 82 gam
t X v m gam D (C
x
H
y
) ta c:

2
2
CO
H O
275
n 6,25 mol
44
94,5
n 5,25 mol
18

= =

= =


C
6
H
14
+
19
2
O
2
6CO
2
+ 7H
2
O
C
6
H
6
+
15
2
O
2
6CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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t D:
x y 2 2 2
y y
C H x O xCO H O
4 2
| |
+ + +
|
\ .

t
6 14 6 6
C H C H
n n b mol = = ta c:
86b + 78b = 82
b = 0,5 mol.
t 82 gam hn hp X thu c:
( )
2
CO
n 0,5 6 6 6 mol = + =
( )
2
H O
n 0,5 7 3 5 mol = + =
t chy m gam D thu c:

2
CO
n 6,25 6 0,25 mol = =

2
H O
n 5,25 5 0,25 mol = =
Do
2 2
CO H O
n n = D thuc C
n
H
2n
. (p n C)
b) m
D
= m
C
+ m
H
= 0,25(12 + 2) = 3,5 gam. (p n D)
V d 14: X l hp kim gm (Fe, C, Fe
3
C), trong hm lng tng cng ca Fe l 96%, hm
lng C n cht l 3,1%, hm lng Fe
3
C l a%. Gi tr a l
A. 10,5. B. 13,5. C. 14,5. D. 16.
Hng dn gii
Xt 100 gam hn hp X ta c m
C
= 3,1 gam,
3
Fe C
m = a gam v s gam Fe tng cng l 96 gam.

( )
3
C trong Fe C
12a
m 100 96 3,1
180
= =
a = 13,5. (p n B)
V d 15: Nung m gam X cha 80% khi lng gam CaCO
3
(phn cn li l tp cht tr) mt
thi gian thu c cht rn Y cha 45,65 % CaO. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO
3
.
A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 70%.
Hng dn gii
Chn m
X
= 100 gam
3
CaCO
m 80 gam = v khi lng tp cht bng 20 gam.
CaCO
3

o
t
CaO + CO
2
(hiu sut = h)
Phng trnh: 100 gam 56 gam 44 gam
Phn ng: 80 gam
56.80
.h
100

44.80
. h
100

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
TI LIU LUYN THI I HC MN HA HC NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC
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Khi lng cht rn cn li sau khi nung l

2
X CO
44.80.h
m m 100
100
= .

56 80 45,65 44 80 h
h 100
100 100 100
| |
=
|
\ .

h = 0,75 hiu sut phn ng bng 75%. (p n B)
NO
0,06
n 0,02
3
= = mol. (p n D)

CC CNG THC GII NHANH TRC NGHIM HO HC

I.PHN V C:

1. Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht lng CO
2
vo dd Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
:
(k:n
kta
<n
CO2
)
V D (TSH KHI A 2010) Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch
Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht
tan trong dung dch X l
A.0,6M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,4M.

2. Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht lng CO
2
vo dd cha hn hp NaOH v
Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
:
(k:n
CO3
-
<n
CO2
)

V D (TSH KHI A 2009) Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch
cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,182. B. 3,940.
C. 1,970. D. 2,364.

3. Tnh V
CO2
cn hp th ht vo dd Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu:
+) n
CO2
= n
kta
+) n
CO2
= n
OH
-
n
kta

4. Tnh V
dd NaOH
cn cho vo dd Al
3+
xut hin lng kt ta theo yu cu:
+) n
OH
-
= 3n
kta
+) n
OH
-
= 4n
Al
3+
n
kta
V D (TSH KHI A 2007) Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH.
thu c kt ta th cn c t l
A.a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
n
kt ta
=n
OH
-
n
CO2

n
CO3
-
= n
OH
-
n
CO2

So snh vi n
Ba
2+
hoc n
Ca
2+
xem cht no phn ng ht
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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V D (TSH KHI B 2013) Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,25M cn cho vo 15 ml dung dch
Al2(SO4)3 0,5M thu c lng kt ta ln nht l
A. 210 ml B. 90 ml C. 180 ml D. 60 ml

5. Tnh V
dd HCl
cn cho vo dd Na[Al(OH)]
4
(hoc NaAlO
2
) xut hin lng kt ta theo yu
cu:
+) n
H
+
= n
kta

+) n
H
+
= 4n
Na[Al(OH)]4
-
3n
kta

V D (TSH KHI A 2008) Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol
Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln
nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l
A.0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05
6.Tnh V
dd NaOH
cn cho vo dd Zn
2+
xut hin lng kt ta theo yu cu:
+) n
OH
-
= 2n
kta
+) n
OH
-
= 4n
Zn
2+
2n
kta

7. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kim loi bng H
2
SO
4
long gii
phng H
2
:
m
sunfat
= m
h
2
+ 96n
H2

V D (TSH Khi A 2012) Cho 2,43 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg, Zn tc dng vi lng d
dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 1,12
lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,83 . B. 5,83. C. 7,23. D. 7,33.

8. Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kim loi bng dd HCl gii
phng H
2
:
m
clorua
= m
h
2
+71n
H2


9. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp oxit kim loi bng H
2
SO
4
long:
m
sunfat
= m
h
2
+ 80n
H2SO4

10.Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp oxit kim loi bng dd HCl:
m
clorua
= m
h
2
+27,5n
HCl

11. Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kim loi bng dd HCl va :
m
clorua
= m
h
2
+35,5n
HCl

12. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp cc kim loi bng H
2
SO
4

c,nng gii phng kh SO
2
:
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m
Mui
= m
kl
+96n
SO2
13. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp cc kim loi bng H
2
SO
4

c,nng gii phng kh SO
2
, S, H
2
S:
m
Mui
= m
kl
+ 96(n
SO2
+ 3n
S
+4n
H2S
)
14. Tnh s mol HNO
3
cn dng ha tan hn hp cc kim loi:
n
HNO3
= 4n
NO
+ 2n
NO2
+ 10n
N2O
+12n
N2
+10n
NH4NO3

Lu : +) Khng to ra kh no th s mol kh bng 0.
+) Gi tr n
HNO3
khng ph thuc vo s kim loi trong hn hp.
+)Ch khi tc dng vi Fe
3+
v Fe kh Fe
3+
v Fe
2+
nn s mol HNO
3
dng
ho tan hn hp kim loi nh hn so vi tnh theo cng thc trn. V th phi ni r HNO
3 d
bao
nhiu %.
15. Tnh s mol H
2
SO
4
c,nng cn dng ho tan 1 hn hp kim loi da theo SO
2
duy nht:
n
H2SO4
= 2n
SO2

16. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat kim loi thu c khi cho hn hp

cc kim loi tc dng HNO
3
(
khng c s to thnh NH
4
NO
3
):
m
mui
= m
kl
+ 62( 3n
NO
+ n
NO2
+ 8n
N2O
+10n
N2
)
Lu : +) Khng to ra kh no th s mol kh bng 0.
+) Nu c s to thnh NH
4
NO
3
th cng thm vo m
NH4NO3
c trong dd sau phn
ng. Khi nn gii theo cch cho nhn electron.
+) Ch khi tc dng vi Fe
3+
,HNO
3
phi d.
V D (TSH Khi A 2008) Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan
thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.

17.

Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v cc oxit st tc dng vi HNO
3
d gii
phng kh NO:
m
Mui
=
242
80
(m
h
2
+ 24n
NO
)
18.

Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe,FeO, Fe
2
O
3
,Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3

c,nng,d gii phng kh NO
2
:
m
Mui
=
242
80
(m
h
2
+ 8n
NO2
)
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Lu : Dng ton ny, HNO
3
phi d mui thu c l Fe(III).Khng c ni HNO
3
v
Fe d s kh Fe
3+
v Fe
2+
:
Nu gii phng hn hp NO v NO
2
th cng thc l:
m
Mui
=
242
80
(m
h
2
+ 8n
NO2
+24n
NO
)
19.

Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe,FeO, Fe
2
O
3
,Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4

c,nng,d gii phng kh SO
2
:

20. Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X.
Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO
3
long d c NO:
m
Fe
=
56
80
(m
h
2
+ 24n
NO
)
21. Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X.
Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO
3
long d c NO
2
:
m
Fe
=
56
80
(m
h
2
+ 8n
NO2
)
22.Tnh V
NO
( hoc NO
2
) thu c khi cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm(hon ton
hoc khng hon ton) tc dng vi HNO
3
:
n
NO
=
1
3
[3n
Al
+ (3x -2y)n
FexOy

n
NO2
= 3n
Al
+ (3x -2y)n
FexOy

23. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH
3
:
(Tng hp NH
3
t hn hp gm N
2
v H
2
vi t l mol tng ng l 1:3)
H% = 2 2
Mx
My


(Vi X l t khi ban u v Y l t khi sau)
Lu : % V
NH3
trong Y c tnh:
%V
NH3
=
M
y
M
x

1
Nu cho hn hp X gm a mol N
2
v b mol H
2
vi b = ka ( k > 3 ) th:
M
x
M
y
= 1 H%(
2
k +1
)
m
Mui
=
400
160
(m
h
2
+ 16n
SO2
)
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V D (TSH Khi A 2010) Hn hp kh X gm N
2
v H
2
c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng
X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi
He bng 2. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH
3
.
A. 25% B. 15% C.20% D. 45%
24. Xc nh kim loi M c hiroxit lng tnh da vo phn ng dd M
n+
vi dd kim.
D M l kim loi no trong cc kim loi c hiroxit lng tnh (Zn,Cr,Sn,Pb, Be) th s mol OH
-

dng M
n+
kt ta ton b sau tan va ht cng c tnh l :
n
OH
-
= 4n
M
n+
= 4n
M

25. Xc nh kim loi M c hiroxit lng tnh da vo phn ng dd M
n+
vi dd MO
2
n-4
(hay
[M(OH)4]
n-4
) vi dd axit:
D M l kim loi no trong cc kim loi c hiroxit lng tnh (Zn,Cr,Sn,Pb, Be) th s mol H
+

dng kt ta M(OH)
n
xut hin ti a sau tan va ht cng c tnh l :
n
H
+
= 4n
MO2
n-4
= 4n
[M(OH)4]

n-4

26.Tnh m gam Fe
3
O
4
khi dn kh CO qua,nung nng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn sau
phn ng bng HNO
3
long d c kh NO l duy nht:
m =
232
240
( m
x
+ 24n
NO
)
Lu : Khi lng Fe
2
O
3
khi dn kh CO qua,nung nng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp
rn sau phn ng bng HNO
3
long d c kh NO l duy nht:
m =
160
160
( m
x
+ 24n
NO
)
27. Tnh m gam Fe
3
O
4
khi dn kh CO qua,nung nng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn
sau phn ng bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d c kh SO
2
l duy nht:
m =
232
240
( m
x
+ 16n
SO2
)
Lu : Khi lng Fe
2
O
3
khi dn kh CO qua,nung nng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp
rn sau phn ng bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d c kh SO
2
l duy nht:
m =
160
160
( m
x
+ 16n
SO2
)
II.PHN HU C:

28. Tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ho nken:
Tin hnh phn ng hiro ha anken C
n
H
2n
t hn hp X gm anken C
n
H
2n
v H
2
(t l 1:1) c
hn hp Y th hiu sut hiro ho l:
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H% = 2 2
M
x
M
y

29. Tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit n chc no:
Tin hnh phn ng hiro ha anehit n chc no C
n
H
2n
O t hn hp hi X gm anehit C
n
H
2n
O
v H
2
(t l 1:1) c hn hp hi Y th hiu sut hiro ho l:
H% = 2 2
M
x
M
y

30. Tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ng tch(bao gm phn ng hiro ho ankan v phn ng
cracking ankan:
Tin hnh phn ng tch ankan A,cng thc C
2
H
2n+2
c hn hp X gm H
2
v cc hirocacbon
th % ankan A phn ng l:
A% =
M
A
M
X
1
31. Xc nh cng thc phn t ankan A da vo phn ng tch ca A:
Tin hnh phn ng tch V(l) hi ankan A,cng thc C
2
H
2n+2
c V

hi hn hp X gm H
2
v
cc hirocacbon th ta c:
M
A
=
V

V
M
X

32.Tnh s ng phn ancol n chc no:
(1<n < 6)

V D (HA 2013): ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O c bao nhiu ancol l ng phn cu to
ca nhau?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2

33.Tnh s ng phn anehit n chc no:
(2< n < 7)

34.Tnh s ng phn axit cacboxylic n chc no:
(2 <n < 7)

35.Tnh s ng phn este n chc no:
(1 <n < 5)

36. Tnh s ete n chc no:
(2 <n < 6)

37. Tnh s ng phn xeton n chc no:
S ng phn ancol C
n
H
2n+2
O = 2
n-2

S ng phn anehit C
n
H
2n
O = 2
n-3

S ng phn axit C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 2
n-3

S ng phn este C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 2
n-2

S ng phn ete C
n
H
2n
O =
1
2
(n 1)( n 2)
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(2 <n < 7)


38. Tnh s ng phn amin n chc no:
(n < 5)

V D (H A 2009): Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c
15 gam mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A.4. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.

39. Tnh s C ca ancol no hoc ankan da vo phn ng chy:
s C ca ancol no hoc ankan =
n
CO2
n
H2O
n
CO2


40.Tm cng thc phn t ancol no, mch h da vo t l mol gia ancol v O
2
trong phn ng
chy:
Gi s t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no, mch h A, cng thc C
n
H
2n +2
O
x
cn k mol th ta c:
( x
s
n )



41. Tnh khi lng ancol n chc no( hoc hn hp ancol n chc no )theo khi lng CO
2
v
khi lng H
2
O:

Lu : Khi lng ancol n chc( hoc hn hp ancol n chc no ) cn c tnh:
m
ancol
= 18n
H2O
4n
CO2

42. Tnh s i, tri, tetra , n peptit ti a to bi hn hp gm x amino axit khc nhau:


V D (H B 2009)S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
43. Tnh s trigilxerit to bi gilxerol vi cc axit cacboxylic bo:

V D (CA 2007): Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm
C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
44. Tnh s ete to bi hn hp n ancol n chc:


V D (H B 2009) S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn
S ng phn xeton C
n
H
2n
O =
1
2
(n 2)( n 3)
S ng phn amin C
n
H
2n +3
N =2
n -1
n =
2k 1 + x
3

m
ancol
= m
H2O

m
CO2
11

S n peptit
max
= x
n

S trieste =
n
2
(n + 1)
2

S ete =
n(n +1 )
2

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hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.

PHN B
H THNG KIN THC V BI TP HA HU C
CHUYN 1 : I CNG V HA HU C
A. PHN L THUYT
I. M U V HA HC HU C
1. Khi nim v hp cht hu c v ha hc hu c
- Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat).
- Ha hc hu c l nghnh ha hc nghin cu cc hp cht hu c.
2. Phn loi hp cht hu c
- Thng chia thnh hai loi
+ Hirocacbon
+ Dn xut hirocacbon
3. c im chung ca hp cht hu c
- c im cu to: Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
- Tnh cht vt l:
+ Nhit nng chy, nhit si thp.
+ Phn ln khng tan trong nc, nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c.
- Tnh cht ha hc:
+ Cc hp cht hu c thng km bn vi nhit v d chy.
+ Phn ng ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm v theo nhiu hng khc nhau,
nn to ra hn hp nhiu sn phm.
4. S lc v phn tch nguyn t
a. Phn tch nh tnh
* Mc ch: Xc nh nguyn t no c trong hp cht hu c.
* Nguyn tc: Chuyn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c thnh cc cht v c n gin ri nhn
bit chng bng cc phn ng c trng.
b. Phn tch nh lng
* Mc ch: Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t c trong phn t hp cht hu c.
* Nguyn tc: Cn chnh xc khi lng hp cht hu c, sau chuyn nguyn t C CO
2
, H
H
2
O, N N
2
, sau xc nh chnh xc khi lng hoc th tch ca cc cht to thnh, t
tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t.
* Biu thc tnh ton:
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2
CO
C
m .12
m = (g)
44
;
2
H O
H
m .2
m = (g)
18
;
2
N
N
V .28
m = (g)
22, 4

- Tnh c:
C
m .100
%C =
a
;
H
m .100
%H =
a
;
N
m .100
%N =
a
; %O = 100-%C-%H-%N
II. CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C
1. Cng thc n gin nht
a. nh ngha
- Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l ti gin v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
trong phn t.
b. Cch thit lp cng thc n gin nht
- Thit lp cng thc n gin nht ca hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
O
z
l thit lp t l

C O H
C H O
m m m
x : y: z = n : n : n = : :
12 1 16
;
%C %H %O
x : y: z = : :
12 1 16

2. Cng thc phn t
a. nh ngha
- Cng thc phn t l cng thc biu th s lng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t.
b. Cch thit lp cng thc phn t
- C ba cch thit lp cng thc phn t
* Da vo thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t (t dng)
- Cho CTPT C
x
H
y
O
z
: ta c t l

M 12.x 1.y 16.z
= = =
100 %C %H %O

T ta c:
M.%C
x =
12.100
;
M.%H
y =
1.100
;
M.%O
z =
16.100

* Da vo cng thc n gin nht (thng dng)
* Tnh trc tip theo khi lng sn phm chy (t dng)

B. HNG DN GII BI TP

Phn bi tp chng ny ch yu l lp CT n gin nht v CTPT. Mt s cng thc sau
yu cu chng ta phi nm vn dng trong vic gii bi tp chng ny.
Cho hp cht X c CT: C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
.
*
2 2 2
C CO H H O N N
n = n ; n = 2n ; n = 2n ; m
O
= m
X
- (m
C
+ m
H
+ m
N
)
O
O
m
n =
16

x : y : z : t = n
C
: n
H
: n
O
: n
N
.
*
A
A/B A A/B B
B
M
d = M = d *M
M

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V d: t chy hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c (A) thu c 5,28 gam CO
2
, 0,9 gam H
2
O v
224ml N
2
(o ktc). T khi hi ca (A) so vi khng kh l 4, 24. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca
(A).
Gii
t CT n gin nht ca A l C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
2
C CO
5.28
n = n = = 0.12 (mol)
44
;
2
H H O
0.9
n = 2*n = 2* = 0.1 (mol)
18
;
2
N N
0.224
n = 2n = 2* = 0.02 (mol)
22.4

m
O
= m
A
- (m
C
+ m
H
+ m
N
) = 2.46 (0.12*12+0.1*1+0.02*14) = 0.64 (gam)

O
O
m 0.64
n = = = 0.04 (mol)
16 16

x : y : z : t = n
C
: n
H
: n
O
: n
N
= 0.12 : 0.1 : 0.04 : 0.02 = 6 : 5 : 2 : 1
CT n gin nht ca A l: C
6
H
5
O
2
N
A
A/ kk A A/B
M
d = M = d *29 = 123
29
t ta suy ra: CT n gin nht chnh l CTPT.
CTPT ca A l: C
6
H
5
O
2
N
C. BI TP VN DNG

Cu 1. Oxi ha hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 0,672 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 0,72 gam
H
2
O. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Cu 2. Oxi ha hon ton 0,67 gam -caroten ri dn sn phm oxi ha qua bnh 1 ng dd H
2
SO
4

c, sau qua bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)
2
d. Kt qu cho thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,63 gam; bnh
2 c 5 gam kt ta. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong phn t -caroten.
Cu 3. Tnh khi lng mol phn t ca cc cht sau:
a. Cht A c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 2,07.
b. Th tch hi ca 3,3 gam cht X bng th tch ca 1,76 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin).
Cu 4. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t cho thy limonen c cu to t hai nguyn t C v H, trong
C chim 88,235% v khi lng. T khi hi ca limonen so vi khng kh gn bng 4,69. Lp
cng thc phn t ca limonen.
Cu 5. t chy hon ton 0,3 gam cht A (phn t ch cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 gam kh CO
2

v 0,18 gam nc. Th tch hi ca 0,3 gam cht A bng th tch ca 0,16 gam kh oxi (o cng
iu kin). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht A.
Cu 6. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy anetol c
%C=81,08%; %H=8,1%, cn li l oxi. Lp cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca
anetol.
Cu 7. Hp cht X c % khi lng C, H v O ln lt l 54,54%, 8,1% v 36,36%. Khi lng
phn t ca X l 88g/mol. Lp cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 8. Hp cht Z c cng thc n gin nht l CH
3
O v c t khi hi so vi hidro l 31. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca Z.
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Cu 9. t chy hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c (A) thu c 5,28 gam CO
2
, 0,9 gam H
2
O v
224ml N
2
(o ktc). T khi hi ca (A) so vi khng kh l 4, 24. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca
(A).
Cu 10. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt cht kh hu c, th thu c 16,8lt CO
2
v 13,5 gam H
2
O. Cc
cht kh (o ktc). Lp cng thc phn t, bit rng 1 lt kh cht hu c ktc nng 1,875 gam.
Cu 11. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht hu c (D) cn va 14,4 gam oxi, thy sinh ra
13,2 gam CO
2
v 7,2 gam nc.
a. Tm phn t khi cu (D).
b. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (D).
Cu 12. t a gam cht (X) cn 0,3 mol O
2
thu c 0,2 mol CO
2
, 0,3 mol H
2
O. Hy xc nh a
gam, cng thc n gin ca (X)?
Cu 13. t chy hon ton 9,9 gam cht hu c (A) gm 3 nguyn t C, H v Cl. Sn phm to
thnh cho qua bnh ng H
2
SO
4
m c v Ca(OH)
2
th thy khi lng cc bnh ny tng ln
lt l 3,6 gam v 8,8 gam.
a. Tm cng thc nguyn (A).
b. Xc nh CTPT, bit (A) ch cha 2 nguyn t Clo.
Cu 14. t chy hon ton 112 cm
3
mt hydrocacbon (A) l cht kh (ktc) ri dn sn phm
ln lt qua bnh (I) ng H
2
SO
4
m c v bnh (II) cha KOH d ngi ta thy khi lng bnh
(I) tng 0,18 gam v khi lng bnh (II) tng 0,44 gam.
Xc nh CTPT (A).
Cu 15. t chy hon ton hp cht hu c gm C, H, Cl, sinh ra 112 cm
3
CO
2
(o ktc) v 0,09
gam H
2
O. Cng t hp cht h c cho tc dng AgNO
3
th thu c 1,435 AgCl. Lp CTPT
cht hu c. Bit rng t khi hi cht so vi He l 21,25.
Cu 16. Mt cht hu c c t l khi lng m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 12 : 2,5 : 4. Bit rng c 0,1 mol cht
hu c c khi lng 7,4 gam.
a. Lp CTPT cht hu c.
b. Vit CTCT cc ng phn.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 1,608 gam Cht (A), thu c 1,272 gam Na
2
CO
3
, 0,528gam CO
2
.
Lp CTPT (A). Bit rng trong phn t ch cha 2 nguyn t Na.
Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT
ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.
Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht
dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H =
7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol.
Bi 20: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:
a. Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H;
2
A/H
d = 28

b. 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035
S: C4H8; C5H11O2N
Bi 21: Tm CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:
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a. t chy 0,6g cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,36g H2O v
2
A/H
d = 30

b. t chy 7g cht hu c B th thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Khi lng ring
ca B kc l 1,25g/l
c. t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c C thu c 33,85g CO2 v 6,94g H2O. T khi hi
ca C so vi khng kh l 2,69.
S: C2H4O2; C2H4; C6H6
Bi 22: t chy hon ton m(g) mt Hydrocacbon A th thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 3,6g
H2O.
a. Tnh m v % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?
b. Xc nh CTN; CTPT ca A bit
2
A/H
d = 8

S: 1,6g; 75%; 25%; CH4
Bi 23: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:
a. t chy 0,176g hp cht A sinh ra 0,352g CO2 v 0,144g H2O. Bit dA/KK = 1,52.
b. Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c B (C; H; N) th thu c 0,12g C v 0,05g H. Bit
2
B/H
d = 15,5

c. Phn tch cht hu c D th thy c 3 phn khi lng C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4
phn khi lng O. Bit
2
D/H
d = 30

S: C2H4O; CH5N; C2H4O2
Bi 24: t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi
ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180vC. Hy xc nh
CTPT ca cht hu c ni trn
S: C6H12O6
Bi 25: t chy hon ton 5,2g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh H2SO4
th khi lng bnh tng 1,8g v qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta. Xc nh
CTPT ca A bit
2
A/O
d = 3,25

S: C3H4O4
Bi 26: t chy hon ton mt lng Hydrocacbon A ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh
mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh
mt tng 0,36g v bnh hai c 2g kt ta trng.
a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?
b. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 0,965 ?
c. Nu ta thay i th t hai bnh trn th tng khi lng mi bnh ra sao sau th nghim ?
S: 85,71%; 14,29%; C2H4; tng 1,24g v khng i
Bi 27: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh
mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh
mt tng 3,6g v bnh hai c 30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g (A) thu c mt th tch
ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca
(A) ?
S: C3H4O4
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Bi 28: t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d
th c 112 cm3 N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng.
a. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit rng 0,225g A khi th kh chim mt th tch ng
bng th tch chim bi 0,16g O2 o cng iu kin ?
b. Tnh khi lng Oxy cn cho phn ng chy ni trn ?
S: C2H7N; 1,2g
Bi 29: t chy hon ton 3,2g mt cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong
d thy khi lng bnh tng 13,44g v c 24g kt ta. Bit dA/KK = 1,38. Xc nh CTPT
ca A ?
S: C3H4
Bi 30: t chy hon ton 0,6g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d
thy c 2g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24g.
a. Tm CTN ca A ?
b. Tm CTPT ca A bit 3g A c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g O2 trong cng iu kin ?
S: C2H4O2
Bi 31: t chy hon ton 2,46g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh mt cha H2SO4
v bnh hai cha Ca(OH)2 d thy thot ra 224ml N2 (kc) v khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g
v khi lng bnh hai tng 5,28g.
a. Tm CTN ca A ?
b. Tm CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 4,242 ?
S: C6H5O2N
Bi 32: t chy hon ton 0,369g hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,2706g CO2 v 0,2214g H2O. un
nng cng lng cht A ni trn vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong A thnh NH3 ri dn
kh NH3 ny vo 10ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. trung ha lng H2SO4 cn d ta cn dng
15,4ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit phn t lng ca n l 60vC ?
S: CH4ON2
Bi 33: t chy 0,282g hp cht hu c v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2
khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,8g. Mt khc t
0,186g cht hu c thu c 22,4ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit rng
trong phn t cht hu c ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ?
S: C6H7N
Bi 34: t chy hon ton 0,4524g hp cht hu c (A) sinh ra 0,3318g CO2 v 0,2714g H2O.
un nng 0,3682g cht (A) vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong (A) thnh NH3 ri dn
NH3 vo 20ml dd H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng
7,7ml dd NaOH 1M. Hy
a. Tnh % cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c (A) ?
b. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit rng (A) c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC ?
S: 20%; 6,67%; 46,77%; 26,56%; CH4ON2
Bi 35: Khi t 1 lt kh (A) cn 5 lt Oxy, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc
nh CTPT ca (A) bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut
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S: C3H8
Bi 36: t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht (A) cn 250ml Oxy to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi
nc. Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ?
S: C2H4O
Bi 37: Trn 10ml Hydrocacbon A vi 60ml O2 (d) ri t. Sau phn ng lm lnh thu c
40ml hn hp kh, tip tc cho hn hp kh qua nc vi trong d th cn 10ml kh. Tm CTPT
ca A ? Bit rng tt c cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
S: C3H8
Bi 38: t 200cm3 hi mt cht hu c cha C; H; O trong 900cm3 O2 (d). Th tch sau phn
ng l 1,3 lt sau cho nc ngng t cn 700cm3 v sau khi cho qua dung dch KOH cn
100cm3. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ? Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit ,
p sut.
S: C3H6O
Bi 39: Trn 400ml hn hp kh gm N2 v mt Hydrocacbon A vi 700ml O2 (d) ri t chy.
Th tch hn hp kh v hi sau khi t chy l 1,4 lt. Lm ngng t hi nc th cn li
800ml kh. Cho kh ny li qua dung dch KOH d th cn 400ml. Cc kh o trong cng iu
kin nhit , p sut. Tm CTPT ca A ?
S: C2H6
Bi 40: Trn 10ml mt Hydrocacbon kh vi mt lng O2 d ri lm n hn hp ny bng tia la
in. Lm cho hi nc ngng t th th tch ca hn hp sau phn ng thua th tch ban u
30ml. Phn kh cn li cho qua dung dch KOH th th tch hn hp gim i 40ml na. Xc
nh CTPT ca Hydrocacbon bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
S: C4H6
Bi 41: t chy 5,8g cht hu c A th thu c 2,65g Na2CO3 v 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2.
Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng trong phn t A ch cha mt nguyn t Natri ?
S: C6H5ONa
Bi 42: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C; H; Cl sinh ra 0,44g CO2 v 0,18g H2O.
Mt khc khi phn tch cng lng cht c mt ca AgNO3 thu c 2,87g AgCl.
a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c ?
b. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c bit
2
CHC/H
d = 42,5
?
S: CH2Cl2
Bi 43: t chy hon ton 1,5g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng
CaCl2 v bnh hai ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh
hai tng 1,76g. Mt khc khi nh lng 3g A bng phng php uyma th thu c 448ml
N2 (kc). Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 2,59 ?
S: C2H5O2N
Bi 44: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:
a. Phn tch A th thy: mC : mH : mO = 4,5 : 0,75 : 4 v 10 lt hi A kc nng 33g.
b. Oxy ha hon ton mt Hydrocacbon B bng CuO un nng. Khi phn ng xong thu c
1,44g H2O v nhn thy khi lng ca CuO gim 3,84g v
2
B/N
d = 2
.
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S: C3H6O2; C4H8
Bi 45: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: Bit rng cc kh o trong cng
iu kin nhit , p sut.
a. Khi t 1 lt kh A th cn 5 lt O2 v sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc.
b. t chy 100ml hi cht B cn 250ml O2 to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc.
S: C3H8; C2H4O

CHUYN 2: HIDROCACBON NO
A. PHN L THUYT
I. ANKAN
1. Khi nim - ng ng - ng phn - Danh php
a. Khi nim
- Ankan l hidrocacbon no mch h c CTTQ C
n
H
2n+2
(n1). Hay cn gi l Parafin
- Cc cht CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
. C
n
H
2n+2
hp thnh dy ng ng ca ankan.
b. ng phn
- T C
4
H
10
tr i c ng phn cu to (ng phn mch C).
- Th d: C
5
H
10
c ba ng phn:
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-C(CH
3
)
2
-CH
3

c. Danh php
- Nm tn cc ankan mch khng nhnh t C
1
C
10
- Danh php thng.
- n - tn ankan tng ng (n- ng vi mch C khng phn nhnh)
- iso - tn ankan tng ng (iso- C th hai c nhnh -CH
3
).
- neo - tn ankan tng ng (neo- C th hai c hai nhnh -CH
3
).
- Danh php quc t: S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + an
Th d:
1 2 3 4
3 3 2 3
CH - CH(CH ) - CH - CH (2-metylbutan)
- Bcca nguyn t C trong hirocacbon no c tnh bng s lin kt ca n vi cc nguyn t C
khc.
Th d:
I IV III II I
3 3 2 3 2 3
CH - C(CH ) - CH(CH ) - CH - CH
2. Tnh cht vt l
- T CH
4
C
4
H
10
l cht kh.
- T C
5
H
12
C
17
H
36
l cht lng.
- T C
18
H
38
tr i l cht rn.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th bi halogen (c trng cho hidrocacbon no)
- Clo c th th ln lt tng nguyn t H trong phn t metan
CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt
CH
3
Cl + HCl
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CH
3
Cl + Cl
2

askt
CH
2
Cl
2
+ HCl
CH
2
Cl
2
+ Cl
2

askt
CHCl
3
+ HCl
CHCl
3
+ Cl
2

askt
CCl
4
+ HCl
- Cc ng ng ca metan cng tham gia phn ng th tng t metan
Th d




- Nhn xt: Nguyn t H lin kt vi nguyn t C bc cao hn d b th hn nguyn t H lin kt
vi nguyn t C bc thp hn.
b. Phn ng tch.

0
t , xt
n 2n+2 n 2n 2
C H C H +H

0
t , xt
n 2n+2 n' 2n' m 2m+2
C H C H +C H (n = n' +m)
- Th d
CH
3
-CH
3

0
500 C, xt
CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2





- Phn ng oxi ha.
C
n
H
2n+2
+
3n +1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O (
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n )
4. iu ch:
a. Phng th nghim:
- CH
3
COONa + NaOH
0
CaO, t
CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3

- Al
4
C
3
+ 12H
2
O 3CH
4
+ 4Al(OH)
3

b. Trong cng nghip: i t kh thin nhin, kh m du v t du m.
II. XICLOANKAN
1. Khi nim - Danh php
a. Khi nim
- Xicloankan l mt loi hirocacbon no m trong phn t ch gm lin kt n v c mt vng
khp kn. C CTTQ l C
n
H
2n
(n3).

- Th d:

(xiclopropan) (xiclobutan)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3

CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl
1-clopropan (43%)
CH
3
-CHCl-CH
3

2-clopropan (57%)
as

25
0
C
C
4
H
10

CH
4
+ C
3
H
6

C
2
H
4
+ C
2
H
6

C
4
H
8
+ H
2

t
0
C, xt
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b. Danh php: S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + xicol + tn mch C chnh (vng) + an

- Th d: (metylxiclopropan)

2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th
b. Phn ng cng m vng
- Cng H
2
: Ch c Xiclopropan v xiclobutan
- Cng Br
2
v HX (X: Cl, Br): Ch c xicolpropan
c. Phn ng tch
- Thng ch c xiclohexan v metylxiclohexan.
d. Phn ng oxi ha:
C
n
H
2n
+
3n
2
O
2

0
t
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
3. iu ch:
- c iu ch t vic chng ct du m. Ngoi ra cn c iu ch t ankan tng ng.

B. BI TP C HNG DN GII
Phn bi tp ankan l phn bi tp c bn, lm nn tng ta gii cc bi tp ha hc sau
ny. Do vy yu cu chng ta cn phi nm chc vn dng khi ta gp cc dy ng ng khc.
chng ny ch yu ta gii quyt dng bi tp lp cng thc phn t ca ankan.
CTPT ca ankan l: C
n
H
2n+2
. lp CTPT ca ankan ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau (ty
bi ra m ta s c cc cch gii ph hp):
* Cch 1: M = 14n + 2. M ta c th tnh bng nhiu cch khc nhau ty vo d kin bi ra.
* Cch 2:
2
CO
ankan
n
n =
n
. Lu : Cng thc ny ta c th p dng cho mi dy ng ng m ta s gp
sau ny.
2 2
ankan H O CO
n = n - n
2 2
2 2
CO CO
ankan H O CO
n n
n = =
n n n


* Cch 3: Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht mt n (n l n). T tnh
gii tr n.
* Lu : Nu l hn hp hai ankan ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh mt ankan c CT l
n 2n 2
C H
+
. T tnh gi tr n .
V d 1: t chy hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng k tip nhau ta thu c 11,7g H
2
O v
17,6g CO
2
. Xc nh CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon trn.
Gii

t CTPT ca 2 ankan l
n 2n 2
C H
+
.
-CH
3

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2 2
CO H O
17.6 11.7
n = = 0.4 (mol); n = 0.65 (mol)
44 18
=
2 2
2 2
CO CO
ankan H O CO
n n
0.4
n = = = = 1.6
n n n 0.65 0.4


. T suy ra CTPT ca hai ankan l: CH
4
v C
2
H
6
.
V d 2: t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hn hp kh metan v etan thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A.
Gii
2
hh CO
3.36 4.48
n = = 0.15 (mol); n = = 0.2 (mol)
22.4 22.4

t
4 2 6
CH C H
n = a, n = b
CH
4
CO
2

a a
C
2
H
6
2CO
2

b 2b
Ta c h PT:
a + b = 0.15 a = 0.1

a + 2b = 0.2 b = 0.05




4
2 6
0.1
%CH = *100 = 66.67 (%)
0.15
%C H = 100 - 66.67 = 33.33 (%)



C. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ankan ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
v
C
6
H
14
. Gi tn theo danh php thng v tn thay th.
Cu 2. Vit CTCT ca cc ankan c tn sau:
a. pentan, 2-metylbutan, isobutan v 2,2-imetylbutan.
b. iso-pentan, neo-pentan, 3-etylpentan, 2,3-imetylpentan.
Cu 3. Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thng v danh php thay th:
a. CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
3
; b. CH
3
-(CH
2
)
4
-CH
3

c. CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
; d. CH
3
-C(CH
3
)
2
-CH
3

Cu 4. Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thay th.
a. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
3
b. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(C
2
H
5
)-CH
2
-CH
3

c. CH
3
-CH
2
-C(CH
3
)
2
-CH
3
d. CH
3
-CH(C
2
H
5
)-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3

Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt

1 mol 1 mol
b. C
2
H
6
+ Cl
2

askt

1 mol 1 mol
c. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2

askt

1 mol 1 mol
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d. CH
4
+ O
2

0
t

e. CH
3
COONa + NaOH
0
CaO, t

f. Al
4
C
3
+ H
2
O
Cu 6. Vit PTHH iu ch cc ankan sau t cc cht tng ng.
Metan, 2-clobutan, iso-propyl clorua.
Cu 7 (A-08). Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl
2
(askt) theo t l s mol 1 : 1.
a. Xc nh s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c.
b. Vit PTHH to cc sn phm mono clo tng ng .
Cu 8. Khi clo ha C
5
H
12
vi t l mol 1:1 thu c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht.
a. Xc nh CTCT v danh php IUPAC ca ankan .
b. Vit PTHH ca phn ng xy ra.
Cu 9. Khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C
6
H
14
, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th
monoclo.
a. Xc nh CTCT v danh php IUPAC ca ankan .
b. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 10. Ankan Y mch khng nhnh c cng thc n gin nht l C
2
H
5
.
a. Tm cng thc phn t, vit CTCT v gi tn Y.
b. Vit PTHH phn ng ca Y vi Clo khi chiu sng (t l 1:1), ch r sn phm chnh.
Cu 11. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt C
3
H
8
(ktc) thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc) v m gam nc. Tnh m
v V.
Cu 12. t chy hon ton V lt kh C
4
H
10
(ktc). Ton b sn phm chy sc vo dung dch nc
vi trong d thu c 40 gam kt ta.
a. Tnh V.
b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c.
Cu 13. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9 gam nc.
Xc nh cng thc ca X.
Cu 14. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt ankan X (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v m gam
nc.
a. Tnh khi lng mui thu c.
b. Xc nh cng thc ca X.
Cu 15. Khi t chy hon ton mt ankan A th th tch Oxi phn ng bng 5/3 ln th tch ca
kh CO
2
sinh ra trong cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc ca ankan A.
Cu 16. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt ankan B (ktc) cn 11,2 lt O
2
(ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc ca B.
b. Tnh khi lng CO
2
v nc sinh ra.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hn hp kh metan v etan thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A.
Cu 18. Xicloankan n vng X c t khi hi so vi nit bng 2. Lp cng thc phn t ca X.
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Cu 19. Khi t chy hon ton 3.6 gam ankan X thu c 5.6 lt CO
2
(ktc). Xc nh cng thc
phn t ca X.
Cu 20. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp gm C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i
qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong c d thy khi
lng bnh 1 tng m g, bnh 2 tng 22 g.
a. Xc nh gi tr ca m.
b. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
Cu 21. t chy hon ton m g hn hp gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
v C
4
H
10
thu c 3,3g CO
2
v 4,5 g
H
2
O. Xc nh gi tr ca m.
Cu 22. Mt hn hp 2 ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8 gam c th tch tng ng l 11,2 lt (
ktc). Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan.
Cu 23. t chy hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng k tip nhau ta thu c 11,7g H
2
O v 17,6g
CO
2
. Xc nh CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon trn.
Cu 24. Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
(ktc) thu c 16,8 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc) v x gam H
2
O. Xc nh gi tr ca X.
Cu 25. t chy hon ton 11,2 lt hn hp propan v butan (ktc) ri cho tt c sn phm chy
thu c vo dung dch NaOH th thu c 95,4 gam Na
2
CO
3
v 84 gam NaHCO
3
.
a. Tnh thnh phn % v s mol ca hn hp.
b. Tm th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5 M cn thit dng trong trng hp trn.
Cu 26. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol ankan (A). Dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh Ca(OH)
2
d
ngi ta thu c 4 gam kt ta.
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca Ankan (A).
b. B l ng ng lin tip ca A. B tc dng vi clo (askt) theo t l mol 1:1. Ngi ta thu c 4
sn phm. Hy xc nh CTCT ng ca (B).
Cu 27. Mt hn hp gm 2 ankan X v Y l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 10,2 gam. t
chy hon ton hn hp cn 36,8 gam O
2
.
a. Tnh khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O to thnh.
b. Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan.
Cu 28. Khi tin hnh craking 22,4 lt kh C
4
H
10
(ktc) thu c hn hp A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
,
C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, H
2
v C
4
H
10
d. t chy hon ton A thu c x gam CO
2
v y gam H
2
O. Xc nh
gi tr ca x v y.
Cu 29. Hn hp (X) gm 2 ankan A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng c
X/He
d =16, 6. Xc
nh CTPT ca A, B v tnh % V ca hn hp.
Cu 30. Mt ankan c thnh phn % cc nguyn t: %C = 84,21; %H = 15,79. T khi hi ca
ankan i vi khng kh l 3,93. Xc nh CTPT ankan.
Cu 31. t chy hon ton 3,6 g mt ankan A thu c 11g CO
2
v 5,4g nc. Khi clo ha A
theo t l mol 1:1 to thnh dn xut monoclo duy nht. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A.
D. PHN BI TP NNG CAO
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Cu 1. Hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip. t chy X vi 64 gam O
2

(d) ri dn sn phm thu c qua bnh ng Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 100 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi
bnh c th tch 11,2 lt 0
O
C v 0,4 atm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B.
Cu 2 (A-2010). t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim
19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ban u. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 3. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO
2
v 0,132 mol H
2
O. Khi X
tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Xc nh tn
gi ca X.
Cu 4 (B-08). Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t
cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO
2
( cng
iu kin nhit , p sut). Cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(theo t l s mol 1:1).
a. Xc nh s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra.
b. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 5 (A-08). Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc
th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 6 (A-07). Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi
hi so vi hiro l 75,5. Xc nh tn ca ankan .
Cu 7. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2

(ktc) v 9,0 gam H
2
O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan.
Cu 8. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng cn
dng 6.16 lt O
2
(kc) v thu c 3.36 lt CO
2
(ktc). Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 9 H A 2013: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo
theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. isopentan. B. pentan. C. neopentan. D. butan.

CHUYN 3 : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM
A. PHN L THUYT
I. ANKEN
1. Khi nim - ng phn - Danh php
a. Khi nim:
- Anken l hidrocacbon khng no mch h c mt ni i trong phn t. C CTTQ l C
n
H
2n
(n 2 > )
- Cc cht C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
. . . C
n
H
2n
(n2) hp thnh dy ng ng ca anken.
b. ng phn: C hai loi ng phn
- ng phn cu to: (ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr lin kt i)
Th d: C
4
H
8
c ba ng phn cu to.
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
; CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH
3

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- ng phn hnh hc (cis - trans): Cho anken c CTCT: abC=Ccd. iu kin xut hin ng
phn hnh hc l: a b v c d.
Th d: CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
c hai ng phn hnh hc




trans - but-2-en cis - but-2-en
c. Danh php:
- Danh php thng: Tn ankan nhng thay ui an = ilen.
+ V d: C
2
H
4
(Etilen), C
3
H
6
(propilen)
- Danh php quc t (tn thay th):
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr lin kt i + en
+ V d:
4 3 2 1
3 3
CH - CH= CH- CH (C
4
H
8
) But-2-en

1 2 3
2 3 3
CH = C(CH ) - CH (C
4
H
8
) 2 - Metylprop-1-en
2. Tnh cht vt l
iu kin thng th
- T C
2
H
4
C
4
H
8
l cht kh.
- T C
5
H
10
tr i l cht lng hoc cht rn.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng cng (c trng)
* Cng H
2
: C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

0
Ni, t
C
n
H
2n+2
CH
2
=CH-CH
3
+ H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3

* Cng Halogen: C
n
H
2n
+ X
2
C
n
H
2n
X
2

CH
2
=CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br-CH
2
Br
Phn ng anken tc dng vi Br
2
dng nhn bit anken (dd Br
2
mt mu)
* Cng HX (X: Cl, Br, OH . . .)
Th d: CH
2
=CH
2
+ HOH
+
H
CH
3
-CH
2
OH
CH
2
=CH
2
+ HBr CH
3
-CH
2
Br
- Cc anken c cu to phn t khng i xng khi cng HX c th cho hn hp hai sn phm




- Quy tc Maccopnhicop: Trong phn ng cng HX vo lin kt i, nguyn t H (phn mang
in dng) ch yu cng vo nguyn t C bc thp hn (c nhiu H hn), cn nguyn hay
nhm nguyn t X (phn mang in m) cng vo nguyn t C bc cao hn (t H hn).

C=C
H
H
CH
3
H
3
C

C=C
H
3
C

H
CH
3
H
CH
3
-CH=CH
2
+ HBr
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
Br (spp)
1-brompropan
CH
3
-CHBr-CH
3
(spc)
2-brompropan
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b. Phn ng trng hp:
iu kin: Phn t phi c lin kt i C=C.


c. Phn ng oxi ha:
- Oxi ha hon ton: C
n
H
2n
+
3n
2
O
2

0
t
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O (
2
H O
n =
2
CO
n )
- Oxi ha khng hon ton: Anken c th lm mt mu dung dch B
2
v dung dch thuc tm. Phn
ng ny dng nhn bit anken v hp cht cha lin kt t .
4. iu ch
a. Phng th nghim: C
n
H
2n+1
OH
0
2 4
H SO , 170 C
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O
b. iu ch t ankan: C
n
H
2n+2

0
t , p, xt
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

II. ANKADIEN
1. nh ngha - Phn loi - Danh php
a. nh ngha: L hidrocacbon khng no mch h, trong phn t cha hai lin kt C=C, c CTTQ
C
n
H
2n-2
(n 3 > )
- V d: CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
. . .
b. Phn loi: C ba loi:
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i lin tip.
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau bi mt lin kt n (ankadien lin hp).
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau t hai lin kt n tr ln.
c. Danh php:
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn anka mch C chnh + s ch v tr lin kt i + ien.
CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
(buta-1,3-ien)
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng cng (H
2
, X
2
, HX)
* Cng H
2
: CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ 2H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3

* Cng brom:
Cng 1:2 CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2
(dd)
0
-80 C
CH
2
=CH-CHBr-CH
2
Br (spc)
Cng 1:4 CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2
(dd)
0
40 C
CH
2
Br-CH=CH-CH
2
Br (spc)
Cng ng thi vo hai lin kt i
CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ 2Br
2
(dd) CH
2
Br-CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
Br
* Cng HX
Cng 1:2 CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ HBr
0
-80 C
CH
2
=CH-CHBr-CH
3
(spc)
Cng 1:4 CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ HBr
0
40 C
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
Br (spc)

b. Phn ng trng hp:
nCH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2

0
p, xt, t
( CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
)
n

nCH
2
=CH
2

0
TH (t , xt)
( CH
2
-CH
2
)
n

Etilen Polietilen (P.E)
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- VD:
Cao su buna
c. Phn ng oxi ha:
- Oxi ha hon ton
2C
4
H
6
+ 11O
2

0
t
8CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
- Oxi ha khng hon ton: Tng t nh anken th ankadien c th lm mt mu dung dch thuc
tm. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankadien.
3. iu ch
- c iu ch t ankan tng ng bng phn ng tch H
2
.
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

0
xt, t
CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ 2H
2

CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3

0
xt, t
CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
+ 2H
2

III. ANKIN
1. Khi nim - ng phn - Danh php
a. Khi nim
- L hidrocacbon khng no mch h trong phn t c mt lin kt C C , c CTTQ l C
n
H
2n-2

(n>2).
- Cc cht C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
. . .C
n
H
2n-2
(n>2) hp thnh mt dy ng ng ca axetilen.
b. ng phn
- Ch c ng phn cu to (ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr lin kt C C ). Ankin khng
c ng phn hnh hc.
- Th d: C
4
H
6
c hai ng phn
CHC-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-CC-CH
3
.
c. Danh php:
- Danh php thng: Tn gc ankyl + axetilen
+ VD: C
2
H
2
(axetilen), CHC-CH
3
(metylaxetilen)
- Danh php thay th:
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr ni 3 + in
4 3 2 1
3 2
CH - CH - C CH But-1-in

4 3 2 1
3 3
CH - C C- CH But-2-in
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng cng (H
2
, X
2
, HX, phn ng ime ha v trime ha).
- Th d
+ Cng H
2

CHCH + H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
2
=CH
2

CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
-CH
3

Nu dng xc tc Pd/PbCO
3
hoc Pd/BaSO
4
, ankin ch cng mt phn t H
2
to anken
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CHCH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO , t
CH
2
=CH
2

+ Cng X
2

CHCH + Br
2
CHBr

=CHBr
CHBr=CHBr + Br
2
CHBr
2
-CHBr
2

+ Cng HX
CHCH + HCl
2
0
HgCl
150-200 C
CH
2
=CHCl
+ Phn ng ime ha - trime ha
2CHCH
0
xt, t
CH
2
=CH-CCH (vinyl axetilen)
3CHCH
0
600 C
xt
C
6
H
6

b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi:
- iu kin: Phi c lin kt 3 u mch.
R-CCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
R-CCAg + NH
4
NO
3

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit Ank-1-in
c. Phn ng oxi ha:
- Oxi ha hon ton:
C
n
H
2n-2
+
3n -1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n-1)H
2
O (
2 2
CO H O
n > n )
- Oxi ha khng hon ton: Tng t nh anken v ankadien, ankin cng c kh nng lm mt
mu dung dch thuc tm. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankin.
3. iu ch:
a. Phng th nghim: CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O C
2
H
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

b. Trong cng nghip: 2CH
4

0
1500 C
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2

IV. BENZEN V DY NG NG:
1. ng ng - ng phn - Danh php:
a. ng ng: Dy ng ng ca benzen c CTTQ l C
n
H
2n-6
.
b. ng phn: ng phn v v tr tng i ca cc nhm ankyl xung quanh vng benzen (o, m,
p).
- V d: C
8
H
10





c. Danh php: Gi tn theo danh php h thng.
S ch v tr nhm ankyl + tn ankyl + benzen.
- VD: C
6
H
5
CH
3
(metylbenzen).
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng th:
C
2
H
5
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3 CH
3
CH
3
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* Th nguyn t H vng benzen
- Tc dng vi halogen


Cho ankyl benzen phn ng vi brom c bt st th thu c hn hp sn phm th brom ch yu
vo v tr ortho v para.
- VD:



o-bromtoluen
p-bromtoluen

- Phn ng gia benzen v ng ng vi axit HNO
3
xy ra tng t nh phn ng vi halogen.
- Quy tc th H vng benzen: Cc ankyl benzen d tham gia phn ng th nguyn t H ca
vng benzen hn benzen v s th u tin v tr ortho v para so vi nhm ankyl.
* Th nguyn t H mch chnh
- C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ Br
2

0
t
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Br + HBr

b. Phn ng cng:
- Cng H
2
v cng Cl
2
.
c. Phn ng oxi ha:
- Oxi ha khng hon ton: Toluen c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm cn benzen th
khng. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit Toluen.
- Phn ng oxi ha hon ton:
C
n
H
2n-6
+
3n - 3
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n-3)H
2
O
V. STIREN:
1. Cu to: CTPT: C
8
H
8
; CTCT:
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng vi dung dch Br
2
. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit stiren.
b. Phn ng vi H
2
.
c. Tham gia phn ng trng hp lin kt i C=C.
VI. NAPTTALEN:
1. Cu to phn t:
- CTPT: C
10
H
8
. CTCT:
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
- Tham gia phn ng th v tham gia phn ng cng.
CH=CH
2
+ Br
2

bt Fe
Br
+ HBr
CH
3
+ Br
2

bt Fe

CH
3
-Br

+ HBr
+ HBr
CH
3
Br

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B. BI TP C HNG DN GII

1. Lp CTPT ca anken

CTPT ca anken l: C
n
H
2n
. lp CTPT ca anken ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau (ty
bi ra m ta s c cc cch gii ph hp):
* Cch 1: M = 14n. M ta c th tnh bng nhiu cch khc nhau ty vo d kin bi ra.
* Cch 2:
2
CO
anken
n
n =
n
.
* Cch 3: Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht mt n (n l n). T tnh
gii tr n.
* Lu : Nu l hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh mt anken c CT l
n 2n
C H . T tnh gi tr n .
2. Lp CTPT ca ankin
CTPT ca ankin l: C
n
H
2n-2
. lp CTPT ca ankin ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau (ty
bi ra m ta s c cc cch gii ph hp):
* Cch 1: M = 14n - 2. M ta c th tnh bng nhiu cch khc nhau ty vo d kin bi ra.
* Cch 2:
2
CO
ankin
n
n =
n
;
2 2
ankin CO H O
n = n - n
2 2
2 2
CO CO
ankin CO H O
n n
n = =
n n n


* Cch 3: Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht mt n (n l n). T tnh
gii tr n.
* Lu : Nu l hn hp hai ankin ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh mt ankin c CT l
n 2n 2
C H

. T tnh gi tr n .
V d 1: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(cc th tch kh
c o ktc). X tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
sinh ra kt ta Y. Xc nh CTCT ca X.
Gii
Do X tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
sinh ra kt ta Y t ta c th suy ra X l Ankin. t CTPT
ca X l: C
n
H
2n-2
.
2
X CO
2.24 6.72
n = = 0.1 (mol); n = = 0.3 (mol)
22.4 22.4

2
CO
ankin
n
0.3
n = = = 3
n 0.1
CTPT ca X l C
3
H
4
. CTCT ca X l: CHC-CH
3

V d 2: t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k tip nhau cn 26.88
lt kh oxi. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
Gii
t CTPT ca 2 anken l
n 2n
C H .
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2
anken O
6.72 26.88
n = = 0.3 (mol); n = = 1.2 (mol)
22.4 22.4

n 2n
C H +
3n
2
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O
0.3 1.2
1.2 = 0.3*
3n
2
n = 2.67. Vy CT ca hai anken l: C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
.
C. PHN BI TP C BN

Cu 1. Vit CTCT cc ng phn (cu to) anken ng vi CTPT l C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
v gi tn theo
tn thay th.
Cu 2. Vit CTCT cc anken c tn gi sau:
a. Butilen, 2-metylbut-2-en, pent-1-en, 2,3-imetylpent-2-en.
b. Propilen, hex-1-en, etilen, 2-metylpent-1-en, iso-butilen.
Cu 3. Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th
a. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
, CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
, CH
3
-C(CH
3
)=C(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
.
b. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH
2
.
Cu 4. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ H
2

0
Ni, t

b. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
+ Br
2


c. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH
3
+ HBr
d. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ H
2
O
+

H

e. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ HBr
f. C
2
H
4
+ O
2

0
t

g. nCH
2
=CH
2

0
p, xt, t

h. nCH
2
=CH-CH
3

0
p, xt, t

i. nCH
2
=CHCl
0
p, xt, t

Cu 5. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau i t cc cht hu c tng ng.
PE, PVC, etilen, propilen, 2-clopropan, ancol etylic.
Cu 6 (A-08). Cho cc cht sau: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
, CH
3
-
C(CH
3
)=CH-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
. Cht no c ng phn hnh hc. Vit CTCT cc ng
phn cis-trans ca n.
Cu 7. Vit CTCT cc ng phn ankin ng vi CTPT l C
4
H
6
v C
5
H
8
v gi tn theo tn thay
th.
Cu 8. Vit CTCT cc ankin c tn gi sau:
a. Metyl axetilen, etyl metyl axetilen, imetyl axetilen, 3-metylbut-1-in, pent-1-in.
b. Hex-2-in, axetilen, 3,4-imetylpent-1-in.
Cu 10. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
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a. CHC-CH
3
+ H
2

0
Ni, t

b. CHC-CH
3
+ H
2

0
3
Pd, PbCO , t

c. CHC-CH
3
+ Br
2

Cu 11. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc mono me tng ng.
Axetilen, vinyl clorua, benzen, vinyl axetilen.
Cu 12. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau:
a. CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
2
H
4
C
2
H
6
C
2
H
5
Cl C
2
H
4
.
b. CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
4
H
4
C
4
H
6
polibutadien
c. CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
6
H
6
C
6
H
5
Br
d. C
2
H
6
C
2
H
4
PE
e. CH
4
C
2
H
2
Vinyl clorua PVC

Cu 13. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc.
a. CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
v CO
2
. b. But-1-in v but-2-in
c. Benzen, hex-1-en v toluen d. Benzen, stiren v toluen
Cu 14. T CH
4
v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc, hy vit cc PTHH iu ch:
Cao su buna, benzen, PE v PVC.
Cu 15. Vit CTCT cc ng phn benzen ng vi CTPT C
8
H
10
v gi tn cc ng phn .
Cu 16. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ Br
2

0
t

b. C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ Br
2

0
Fe, t

c. C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ HNO
3
(c)
0
2 4
H SO (c), t

d. C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
+ Br
2

e. C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
+ HBr
f. nC
6
H
5
CH=CH
2

0
p, xt, t

Cu 17. t chy hon ton 3.36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen thu c 8.96 lt kh CO
2
v m
gam nc (cc kh u c o ktc).
a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 18. t chy hon ton hn hp kh C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
. Ton b sn phm chy thu c dn qua
bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
(c), bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 9
gam, bnh 2 tng m gam. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 19. t chy hon ton 2.24 lt hn hp kh propilen v butilen. Ton b sn phm chy thu
c sc qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 35 gam kt ta v thy khi lng
bnh tng ln m gam.
a. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
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Cu 20. Dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch brom thy dung dch
b nht mu v khng c kh thot ra. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng 4,9 gam.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 21. Dn t t 18,2 gam hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch brom d thy c
80 gam brom phn ng.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 22. t chy hon ton 0.672 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen cn 2.688 lt kh oxi. Ton b
sn phm chy thu c sc vo dung dch nc vi trong d thu c m gam kt ta.
a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 23. t chy hon ton 4.48 lt hn hp hai anken X (ktc) l ng ng k tip ca nhau thu
c 11.2 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b. Tnh % th tch mi anken trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 24. t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k tip nhau cn 26.88
lt kh oxi.
a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b. Cho hn hp X qua dung dch brom d, tnh khi lng brom tham gia phn ng.
Cu 25. Oxi ha hon ton 0,68 gam ankadien X thu c 1,12 lt CO
2
(ktc).
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
b. Vit CTCT c th c ca X.
Cu 26. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm metan v etilen i qua dung dch brom d, thy dung dch b
nht mu v c 1,12 lt kh thot ra. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Tnh % theo th tch
mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 27. Dn 3,36 lt hn hp A gm propin v etilen i vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
thy cn 0,84 lt kh thot ra v c m gam kt ta. Cc th tch kh c o iu kin tiu
chun.
a. Tnh % theo th tch etilen trong A.
b. Tnh m.
Cu 28. Dn 6,72 lt hn hp kh X gm propan, etilen v axetilen qua dung dch brom d, thy
cn 1,68 lt kh khng b hp th. Nu dn 6,72 lt kh X trn qua dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thy
c 24,24 gam kt ta. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun.
a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % theo th tch v theo khi lng mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 29. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(cc th tch kh c
o ktc). X tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
sinh ra kt ta Y. Xc nh CTCT ca X.
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Cu 30. Hidrocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,17. t chy hon ton X
thu c CO
2
c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng H
2
O. nhit thng X khng lm mt
mu dung dch brom. Khi un nng X lm mt mu dung dch KMnO
4
. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT
ca X.
Cu 31. Cho benzen tc dng vi lng d HNO
3
c c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c iu ch
nitrobenzen. Tnh khi lng nitrobenzen thu c khi dng 1 tn benzen vi hiu sut 78%.
Cu 32. Trng hp 5,6 lt C
2
H
4
(ktc) nu hiu sut phn ng t 90% th khi lng polime thu
c l bao nhiu?
Cu 33. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt C
3
H
6
( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh ng dung
dch nc vi trong c d thy khi lng bnh tng m(g). Xc nh gi tr ca m.
Cu 34. Hn hp X gm C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
. Dn 1,12 lt hn hp X i qua bnh ng dung dch
AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c 2,4 g kt ta vng. Xc nh th tch ca C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
o c iu kin
chun?
Cu 35. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp kh C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
(ktc) thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2

(ktc).
a. Xc nh % theo th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh khi lng nc sinh ra.
Cu 36. Mt hn hp gm hai anken c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc) k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Khi cho hn hp i qua dung dch brom th thy khi lng bnh brom tng ln 15,4 g.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anken.
b. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 37. Cho (A) v (B) l 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Cho 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 anken
(A) v (B) qua bnh ng dung dch Br
2
thy bnh Br
2
tng ln 28 gam.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B.
b. Cho hn hp 2 anken + HCl thu c 3 sn phm. Hy cho bit CTCT ca (A) v (B).
Cu 38. Dn 4,48 lt hn hp gm C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
4
(ktc) qua bnh ng dung dch Br
2
d thy khi
lng bnh tng 6,2 gam. Tnh phn trm th tch ca C
3
H
4
trong hn hp.
Cu 39. Cho 12,60 gam hn hp 2 anken l ng ng k tip tc dng va vi dung dch Br
2

thu c 44,60 gam hn hp sn phm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anken.
Cu 40. Chia 16,4 gam hn hp gm C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
4
thnh

2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng va
vi dung dch cha 56,0 gam Br
2
. Phn 2 cho tc dng ht vi H
2
(Ni, t
0
), ri ly 2 ankan to
thnh em t chy hon ton th thu c x gam CO
2
. Tnh gi tr ca x.
Cu 41. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp 2 ankin l ng ng k tip thu c 9,0 gam nc.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ankin.
Cu 42. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 anken thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Tnh th tch kh O
2

(ktc) tham gia phn ng chy.
Cu 43. t chy hon ton hn hp 3 anken ri dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng dung
dch H
2
SO
4
c v bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam
v khi lng bnh 2 tng (m + 5,2) gam. Tnh gi tr ca m.
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Cu 44. Khi cho 0,2 mol mt ankin tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
(d) thu c 29,4
gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankin.

D.PHN BI TP NNG CAO
Cu 1 (A-07). Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn
t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m.
Cu 2 (B-2008). t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh
CO
2
v 2 lt hi H
2
O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca X.
Cu 3 (B-2010). Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 11,25.
t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(cc th tch kh o ktc). Xc nh cng
thc ca ankan v anken.
Cu 4 (A-07). Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha
1,4 lt dung dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi
lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon.
Cu 5 (B-08). Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu
t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO
2
. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai
hirocacbon (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc).
Cu 6 (A-2010). un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,03 mol H
2
trong mt bnh kn
(xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc
cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca
Z so vi H
2
l 10,08. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 7 (B-09). Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c
duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng
13. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anken.
Cu 8 (C-09). Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung
nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho.
Cu 9 (C-2010). Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H
2
(xc tc Pd/PbCO
3
, t
0
), thu
c hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 10 H B 2013: Tn gi ca anken (sn phm chnh) thu c khi un nng ancol c cng
thc (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 vi dung dch H2SO4 c l
A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-metylbut-1-en.
C. 3-metylbut-1-en. D. 3-metylbut-2-en.
Cu 11 H B 2013: Cho 3,36 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C4H4. B. C2H2. C. C4H6. D. C3H4.
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Cu 12 H A 2013: Hn hp X gm H2, C2H4 v C3H6 c t khi so vi H2 l 9,25. Cho 22,4 lt
X (ktc) vo bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh Y
c t khi so vi H2 bng 10. Tng s mol H2 phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol B. 0,015 mol C. 0,075 mol D. 0,050 mol
Cu 13 H A 2013: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C2H2; 0,65 mol H2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung
nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 bng 8. Sc X vo lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta.
Hn hp kh Y phn ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br2 trong dung dch?
A. 0,10 mol. B. 0,20 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,15 mol
Cu 14 H A 2012: Hn hp X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi H2 l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung
nng, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 12,5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ha l
A. 70% B. 60% C. 50% D. 80%


CHUYN 4 : DN XUT HALOGEN - ANCOl - PHENOL
A. PHN L THUYT

I. DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON
1. Khi nim
- Khi thay th nguyn t hidro ca phn t hidrocacbon bng nguyn t halogen ta c dn xut
halogen c CTTQ: RCl
+ V d: CH
3
Cl, C
6
H
5
Cl
- Bc ca dn xut halogen: Chnh l bc ca nguyn t C lin kt trc tip vi C.
+ V d: Bc I: CH
3
CH
2
Cl (etyl clorua)
Bc II: CH
3
CHClCH
3
(isopropyl clorua)
Bc III: (CH
3
)C-Br (tert - butyl bromua)
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm OH:
RX + NaOH
0
t
ROH + NaX
CH
3
CH
2
Br + NaOH
0
t
CH
3
CH
2
OH + NaBr
b. Phn ng tch hidro halogenua:
- CH
3
-CH
2
Cl + KOH
2 5
0
C H OH
t
CH
2
=CH
2
+ KCl + H
2
O
- PTTQ: (i vi dn xut halogen no, n chc, mch h)
C
n
H
2n+1
X + KOH
2 5
0
C H OH
t
C
n
H
2n
+ KX + H
2
O
- Quy tc Zaixep: Nguyn t X tch vi nguyn t H C bc cao hn.
II. ANCOL
1. nh ngha - Phn loi
a. nh ngha
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- Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C no.
V d: C
2
H
5
OH
- Bc ancol l bc ca nguyn t C lin kt trc tip vi nhm OH.
Th d
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH: ancol bc I
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-OH: ancol bc II
CH
3
-C(CH
3
)
2
-OH: ancol bc III
b. Phn loi
- Ancol no, n chc, mch h (C
n
H
2n+1
OH): V d: CH
3
OH . . .
- Ancol khng no, n chc mch h: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH
- Ancol thm n chc: C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH

- Ancol vng no, n chc: xiclohexanol

- Ancol a chc: CH
2
OH-CH
2
OH (etilen glicol), CH
2
OH-CHOH-CH
2
OH (glixerol)
2. ng phn - Danh php
a. ng phn: Ch c ng phn cu to (gm ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr nhm OH).
- Th d C
4
H
10
O c 4 ng phn ancol
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH; CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
OH
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-OH; CH
3
-C(CH
3
)
2
-OH
b. Danh php:
- Danh php thng: Ancol + tn gc ankyl + ic
+ V d: C
2
H
5
OH (ancol etylic)
- Danh php thay th: Tn hidrocacbon tng ng vi mch chnh + s ch v tr nhm OH + ol
+ V d:
4 3 2 1
3 3 2 2
CH CH(CH )CH CH OH (3-metylbutan-1-ol)
3. Tnh cht vt l
- Tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt H vi nc. tan trong nc gim dn khi s nguyn
t C tng ln.
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th H ca nhm OH
* Tnh cht cung ca ancol
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2

* Tnh cht c trng ca ancol a chc c hai nhm OH lin k
- Ha tan c Cu(OH)
2
iu kin thng to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Phn ng ny
dng nhn bit ancol a chc c hai nhm OH lin k.
2C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ Cu(OH)
2
[C
3
H
5
(OH)
2
O]
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
b. Phn ng th nhm OH
* Phn ng vi axit v c
-OH
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C
2
H
5
- OH + H - Br
0
t
C
2
H
5
Br + H
2
O
* Phn ng vi ancol
2C
2
H
5
OH
0
2 4
H SO , 140 C
C
2
H
5
OC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
ietyl ete
- PTTQ: 2ROH
0
2 4
H SO , 140 C
R-O-R + H
2
O
c. Phn ng tch nc
C
2
H
5
OH
0
2 4
H SO , 170 C
C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
- PTTQ: C
n
H
2n+1
OH
0
2 4
H SO , 170 C
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O
d. Phn ng oxi ha:
- Oxi ha khng hon ton:
+ Ancol bc 1 khi b oxi ha bi CuO/t
o
cho ra sn phm l andehit
RCH
2
OH + CuO
0
t
RCHO + Cu + H
2
O
+ Ancol bc hai khi b oxi ha bi CuO/t
o
cho ra sn phm l xeton.
R-CH(OH)-R + CuO
0
t
R-CO-R + Cu + H
2
O
+ Ancol bc III kh b oxi ha.
- Oxi ha hon ton:
C
n
H
2n+1
OH +
3n
2
O
2

0
t
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
5. iu ch:
a. Phng php tng hp:
- iu ch t anken tng ng: C
n
H
2n

+ H
2
O
0
2 4
H SO , t
C
n
H
2n+1
OH
- iu ch Glixerol i t anken tng ng l CH
2
=CH-CH
3
.
b. Phng php sinh ha: iu ch C
2
H
5
OH t tinh bt.
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n

2
0
+H O
t , xt
C
6
H
12
O
6
C
6
H
12
O
6

enzim
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

II. PHENOL
1. nh ngha - Phn loi - Danh php
a. nh ngha: Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t C vng benzen.
- V d: C
6
H
5
OH (phenol) . . .
b. Phn loi:
- Phenol n chc: Phn t c mt nhm -OH phenol.
- Phenol a chc: Phn t cha hai hay nhiu nhm -OH phenol.
c. Danh php: S ch v tr nhm th + phenol
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH
- Tc dng vi kim loi kim

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2C
6
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2

- Tc dng vi dung dch baz
C
6
H
5
OH + NaOH C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
b. Phn ng th H ca vng benzen: Tc dng vi dung dch Brom (Phn ng ny dng nhn
bit phenol).
C
6
H
5
OH + 3Br
2
C
6
H
2
Br
3
OH + 3HBr
3. iu ch: iu ch phenol ta c s sau:
C
6
H
6
C
6
H
5
Br C
6
H
5
ONa C
6
H
5
OH

B. BI TP C HNG DN GII

1. Lp CTPT ca ancol
* CT ca ancol no a chc: C
n
H
2n+2-a
(OH)
a
hoc C
n
H
2n+2
O
a
.
* CT ca ancol no n chc: C
n
H
2n+1
OH.
lp cng thc phn t ca ancol chng ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau ( y ta ch
xt ancol no):
* Cch 1: M = 14n + 18 (n chc) hoc M = 14n + 2 + 16a. M ta c th tnh bng nhiu cch khc
nhau ty vo d kin bi ra.
* Cch 2:
2
CO
ancol
n
n =
n
. Lu : Cng thc ny ta c th p dng cho mi dy ng ng m ta s gp
sau ny.
2 2
ancol H O CO
n = n - n
2 2
2 2
CO CO
ancol H O CO
n n
n = =
n n n


* Cch 3: Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht. T tnh gii tr n.
* Lu : Nu l hn hp hai ancol ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh mt ancol c CT l
n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
. T tnh gi tr n .
V d 1: t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 3,6 gam H
2
O. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Gii

t CTPT ca X l C
n
H
2n+1
OH.
2 2
CO H O
4.4 3.6
n = = 0.1 (mol); n = 0.2 (mol)
44 18
=
2 2
2 2
CO CO
ancol H O CO
n n
0.1
n = = = = 1
n n n 0.2 0.1


. T suy ra CTPT ca ancol l: CH
3
OH.
2. Bi tp tch nc ca ancol to ete
i vi phn bi tp ny, ancol tch nc to ete thng l ancol no n chc. Do vy ta
ch xt i vi ancol no n chc.
2ROH ROR + H
2
O
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2
ancol ete H O
m = m + m v
2
ancol H O
n = 2n
* Lu :
- i vi phn ny a s ta vn dng nh lut bo ton khi lng gii bi tp.
- Nu bi cho hn hp nhiu ancol th ta quy v mt ancol gii v cch gii ta xem
nh l mt ancol vi PTHH nh sau

2
2ROH RORH O +
V d 2: un nng 12,90 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, bc 1, l ng ng k tip
trong H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c 10,65 gam hn hp Y gm 3 ete (h = 100%). Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca hai ancol.

Gii
t CT ca hai ancol l 2ROH.
2 2
H O ancol ete H O
2.25
m = m - m = 12.9 - 10.65 = 2.25 (gam) n = = 0.125 (mol)
18

2
ancol H O ROH
m 12.9
n = 2n = 0.25 (mol) M = = = 51.6
n 0.25

R + 17 = 51.6 R = 34.6 . Vy cng thc phn t hai ancol l: C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
3. Bi tp v oxi ha ancol bc 1 v 2
Ta ch xt ancol no n chc
C
n
H
2n+1
OH + CuO
0
t
C
n
H
2n
O + Cu + H
2
O
O (CuO) ancol andehit hoc xeton Cu
n = n = n = n
C. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT cc ng phn ancol ng vi CTPT C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
10
O, C
5
H
12
O v gi tn theo
danh php thay th.
Cu 2. Vit CTCT cc ancol c tn gi sau:
a. Ancol iso-propylic, ancol etylic, ancol n-propylic, etanol, propan-1-ol.
b. 3-metylbutan-1-ol, 2-metylbutan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol, 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 3. Gi tn cc ancol sau theo danh php thay th.
a. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH; CH
3
-C(CH
3
)
2
-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
.
b. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-OH; CH
3
OH, CH
3
-CH=CH-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
OH
Cu 4. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
3
Cl + NaOH
0
t

b. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl + KOH
0
t

c. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl + KOH
0
2 5
C H OH, t

d. CH
3
-CHCl-CH
2
CH
3
+ NaOH
0
2 5
C H OH, t

Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
3
OH + Na
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b. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ Na
c. ROH + HCl
d. C
2
H
5
OH
0
2 4
C H SO , 140

e. C
2
H
5
OH
0
2 4
C H SO , 170

f. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3

0
2 4
C H SO , 170

g. C
2
H
5
OH + CuO
0
t

h. iso-C
3
H
7
OH + CuO
0
t

i. n-C
3
H
7
OH + CuO
0
t

k. C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

0
t

l. C
n
H
2n+1
OH + O
2

0
t

Cu 6. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. C
6
H
5
OH + Na
b. C
6
H
5
OH + KOH
c. C
6
H
5
OH + Br
2

d. C
6
H
5
OH + HNO
3 (c)

0
2 4
H SO (c), t

Cu 7. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng:
Etanol, etilen, propan-2-ol, propilen
Cu 8. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau:
a. Metan axetilen etilen etanol axit axetic
b. Benzen brombenzen natri phenolat phenol 2,4,6-tribromphenol
Cu 9. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc:
a. Etanol, glixerol, nc v benzen.
b. Phenol, etanol, glixerol, nc.
c. Propan-1,2-iol; propan-1,3-iol.
d. Propan-1,2,3-triol; propan-1,3-iol; 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 10. T axetilen, vit PTHH ca cc phn ng iu ch: etyl bromua (1); 1,2-ibrometan (2);
vinyl clorua (3).
Cu 11. T propen v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c cc cht sau: propan-
2-ol (1); propan-1,2-iol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 12. T benzen v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c cc cht sau: 2,4,6-
tribromphenol (1); 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 13. Cho 12,2 gam hn hp X gm etanol v propan-1-ol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,8 lt
kh .
a. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
b. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 14. t chy hon ton 5,5 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH thu c 4,48
lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v m gam nc.
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a. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
c. un nng hn hp X vi xc tc H
2
SO
4
c nhit 140
0
C thu c hn hp 3 ete. Vit
PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 15. t chy hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol C
2
H
5
OH v n-C
3
H
7
OH. Ton b
sn phm chy thu c sc vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 50 gam kt ta
v khi lng bnh tng ln m gam.
a. Tnh khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp ban u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
c. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 16. Cu . Cho 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol.
b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 0.1 mol mt ancol no, n chc X cn V lt O
2
(ktc) thu c 6.72 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc) v gam nc.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
c. Tnh V bng cc phng php khc nhau.
Cu 18. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 3,6 gam H
2
O. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 19. un nng 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc, l ng ng k tip vi H
2
SO
4
c
140
O
C, thu c 12,5 gam hn hp 3 ete (h = 100%).
a. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 ancol.
b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
Cu 20. Cho 3,7 gam mt ancol no, n chc, mch h tc dng vi Na d thy c 0,56 lt kh
thot ra ( ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 21. Cho 14 gam hn hp A gm phenol v etanol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2

(ktc).
a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % mi cht trong hn hp A.
c. Cho 14 gam hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
() th thu c bao nhiu gam axit
picric (2,4,6-trinitrophenol).
Cu 22. Cho hn hp A gm etanol v phenol tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc). Nu
cho hn hp trn tc dng vi nc brom va thu c 19,86 gam kt ta trng.
a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 23. Cho natri tc dng hon ton vi 18,8 gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k
tip trong dy ng ng sinh ra 5,6 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
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a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ancol trn.
b. Tnh khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 24. Chia hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thnh hai phn bng nhau. t chy
ht phn (1) thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 6,3 g nc. Phn (2) tc dng ht vi natri th thy thot
ra V lt kh (ktc). Xc nh V.
Cu 25. t chy ht hn hp gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 6,3 g nc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ancol.
Cu26. Cho 0,1 mol ru X phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). S nhm chc -
OH ca ru X l bao nhiu?
Cu 27. Chia m gam hn hp hai ancol thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: t chy hon ton, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
Phn 2: ehirat ha hon ton thu c hn hp 2 anken. Nu t chy ht 2 anken th thu c
bao nhiu gam nc?
Cu 28. Oxi ho 4,96 gam X l mt ancol (ru) n chc bc 1 (h=100%), ri ly anehit thu
c cho tc dng ht vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, thu c 66,96 gam Ag. Xc
nh cng thc ca X .
Cu 29. Oxi ho hn hp X gm C
2
H
6
O v C
4
H
10
O thu c hn hp Y gm 2 anehit. Cho Y tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
(d) thu c m gam Ag. Cng lng X nh trn, nu cho
tc dng vi Na d th thu c 1,12 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 30. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 3,6 gam H
2
O. Nu
cho lng X trn tch nc to ete (h=100%). Tnh s gam ete thu c.
Cu 31. un nng 12,90 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, bc 1, l ng ng k tip
trong H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c 10,65 gam hn hp Y gm 3 ete (h = 100%). Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca hai ancol.
Cu 32. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc A v B thuc cng mt dy ng
ng, ngi ta thu c 70,4 gam CO
2
v 39,6 gam H
2
O. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 33. Chia 27,6 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht
vi Na, thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Phn 2 tch nc thu c m gam hn hp 6 ete (h=100%).
Tnh gi tr ca m.
D. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 1 (B-2010). t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a ch c, mch h,
c cng s nhm -OH) c n v a u V li t khi O
2
, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
va 12,6 gam H
2
O (cc th
tch kh o ktc). Tnh gia tri cu a V.
Cu 2 (C-08). t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) a chc, mch h X, thu c H
2
O v CO
2
vi t l s mol tng ng l 3:2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 3 (B-2007). X l ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi,
thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO
2
. Xc nh cng thc ca X.
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Cu 4 (B-2010). t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy
ng ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X
vi H
2
SO
4
c th thu c x gam hn hp cc ete. Tnh gi tr ca x.
Cu 5 (B-08). un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

c trong iu kin
nhit thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Xc nh cng thc
phn t ca X.
Cu 6 (A-2010). Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8
gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3,
thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol.
Cu 7 (CA-08). Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c
duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca
X.
Cu 8 (B-07). Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau
khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t
khi so vi hiro l 15,5. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 9. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Nu
cho lng X trn tch nc to ete (h=100%) th s gam ete thu c l bao nhiu?
Cu 10. Cho 15,6 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Nu cho 15,6 gam X tch nc to ete (h
= 100%) th s gam ete thu c l bao nhiu?
Cu 11 (A-2010). t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng
ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 12 (C-2010). Cho 10 ml dung dch ancol etylic 460 phn ng ht vi kim li Na (d), thu
c V lt kh H2 (ktc). Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml. Tnh
gi tr ca V.
Cu 13 (HA 2007): Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng) tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l:
A.
OH H C
5 3
v
OH H C
7 4
B.
OH H C
5 2
v
OH H C
7 3

C.
OH H C
7 3
v
OH H C
9 4
D.
OH CH
3
v
OH H C
5 2

Cu 14 (HA 2008): Khi phn tch thnh phnmt ancol n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng
khi lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ancol ca X l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 15 (HA 2008): Khi tch H2O t 3-metyl butan 2- ol, sn phm chnh thu c l:
A. 2- metyl but 3- en B. 2-metyl but-3-en
C. 3- metyl but 2- en D. 3- metyl but 1- en
Cu 16 (HA 2009): Cho hn hp X gm 2 ancol a chc, mch h thuc cng dy ng ng.
t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol 3:4. Hai ancol l:
A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3 B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH
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C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2 D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2
Cu 17 (HA 2009): un nng hon hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c
hn hp cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete t chy hon ton thu c 8,96 lit kh CO2
ktc v 7,2 gam H2O. hai ancol l:
A. C2H5OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 - OH
B. CH3OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 - OH
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH
D. C2H5OH v CH3OH
Cu 18 (HA 2009): t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lit
kh O2 ktc. Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung
dch mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l:
A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol
C. 4,9 v v propan-1,3-iol D. 4,9 v glixerol
Cu 19 (HB 2009): Hn hp X gm hai ancol no. n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch
hp, thu c hn hp sn phmr hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3, thu c
54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,1 B, 8,5 C. 13,5 D. 15,3
Cu 20 (HB 2013) Tin hnh ln men gim 460 ml ancol etylic 8
0
vi hiu sut bng 30%. Bit
khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml v ca nc bng 1 g/ml. Nng
phn trm ca axit axetic trong dung dch thu c l
A. 2,47%. B. 7,99%. C. 2,51%. D. 3,76%.
Cu 21 (HA 2013) Hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v glixerol. t chy hon ton m
gam X, thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 18 gam H2O. Mt khc, 80 gam X ha tan c ti a
29,4 gam Cu(OH)2. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol etylic trong X l
A. 46% B. 16% C. 23% D. 8%
Cu 22 (HA 2013): t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,07 mol mt ancol a chc v 0,03 mol
mt ancol khng no, c mt lin kt i, mch h, thu c 0,23 mol kh CO2 v m gam H2O. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 5,40 B. 2,34 C. 8,40 D. 2,70
Cu 23 (HA 2013): ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O c bao nhiu ancol l ng phn cu
to ca nhau?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2


CHUYN 5: ANDEHIT - XETON - AXIT CACBOXYLIC
A. PHN L THUYT

I. ANDEHIT
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1. nh ngha - Danh php
a. nh ngha: Andehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm -CH=O lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t C hoc nguyn t H.
- V d: HCHO, CH
3
CHO...
b. Danh php:
- Tn thay th ca cc andehit no n chc mch h nh sau:
Tn hidrocacbon no tng ng vi mch chnh + al
V d:
4 3 2 1
3 3 2
CH CH(CH )CH CHO (3-metylbutanal)
- Tn thng ca mt s anehit: Andehit + tn axit tng ng
V d: HCHO (andehit fomic), CH
3
CHO (andehit axetic) . . .
2. Tnh cht ha hc
- Va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh
a. Tnh oxi ha: Phn ng cng H
2
(to thnh ancol bc I):
RCHO + H
2

0
Ni, t
RCH
2
OH
b. Tnh kh: Tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha
R-CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O + 3NH
3

0
t
R-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

R-CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH
0
t
RCOONa + Cu
2
O + 3H
2
O
( gch)
Cc phn ng trn dng nhn bit andehit.
3. iu ch
- iu ch andehit ta i t ancol bng phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton.
CH
3
CH
2
OH + CuO
0
t
CH
3
CHO + Cu + H
2
O
- i t hidrocacbon.
2CH
2
=CH
2
+ O
2

0
xt, t
2CH
3
CHO
II. XETON
1. nh ngha
- L nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm lin kt trc tip vi hai nguyn t C.

-V d: CH
3
-CO-CH
3
(imetyl xeton), CH
3
-CO-C
6
H
5
(metyl phenyl xeton) . . .
2. Tnh cht ha hc
- Cng H
2
to thnh ancol bc II.
R-CO-R + H
2
0
Ni, t
RCH(OH)R
CH
3
-CO-CH
3
+ H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3

- Xeton khng tham gia phn ng trng gng.
3. iu ch
- Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc II.
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
+ CuO
0
t
CH
3
-CO-CH
3
+ Cu + H
2
O
C=O
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- i t hidrocacbon.
III. AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. nh ngha - Danh php
a. nh ngha
- L nhng phn t hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm -COOH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C
hoc nguyn t H.
- V d: HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, . . .
b. Danh php
- Tn thay th ca cc axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h nh sau:
Axit + tn hidrocacbon no tng ng vi mch chnh + oic
- V d:
5 4 3 2 1
3 3 2 2
CH CH(CH )CH CH COOH (Axit-4-metylpentanoic)
2. Tnh cht vt l
- Axit tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt H vi nc v tan gim dn khi s nguyn t C
tng ln.
- Nhit si cao hn ancol tng ng do lin kt H gia cc nguyn t bn hn lin kt H gia
cc phn t ancol.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Tnh axit: C y tnh cht ca mt axit.
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
2CH
3
COOH + ZnO (CH
3
COO)
2
Zn + H
2
O
2CH
3
COOH + CaCO
3
(CH
3
COO)
2
Ca + CO
2
+ H
2
O
2CH
3
COOH + Zn (CH
3
COO)
2
Zn + H
2

b. Phn ng th nhm -OH (phn ng este ha):
RCOOH + ROH
+ 0
H , t

RCOOR + H
2
O
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
+ 0
H , t

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
etyl axetat
4. iu ch axit axetic
a. Ln men gim
C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

men gim
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
b. Oxi ha andehit axetic
2CH
3
CHO + O
2

xt
2CH
3
COOH
c. Oxi ha ankan
d. T metanol
CH
3
OH + CO
0
t , xt
CH
3
COOH
y l phng php hin i sn xut axit axetic.
B. BI TP C HNG DN GII
V d 1: Cu 1 (C-08). Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng
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d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng Ag to thnh l bao nhiu?
Gii
HCHO 4Ag
0.1 0.4
HCOOH 2Ag
0.1 0.2
m
Ag
= 0.6*108 = 64.8 (gam)
V d 2: Trung ha hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm axit axetic v axit fomic cn 200 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp ban u.
Gii
n
NaOH
= 0.2*1 = 0.2 (mol)
t
3
HCOOH CH COOH
n = x; n = y
HCOOH + NaOH HCOONa + H
2
O
x x
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
y y
Ta c h PT:
3
HCOOH
CH COOH
m = 46*0.1 = 4.6 (gam)
x + y = 0.2 x = 0.1

m = 60*0.1 = 6 (gam) 46x + 60y = 10.6 y = 0.1








C. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT ca cc andehit c CTPT l C
4
H
8
O v gi tn chng theo tn thay th.
Cu 2. Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thng:
HCHO, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
CH
2
CHO, CH
2
=CHCHO.
Cu 3. Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thay th:
HCHO, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
CH
2
CHO, CH
3
CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CHO, CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH(CH
3
)-CHO.
Cu 4. Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau:
a. Andehit acrylic, andehit propionic, andehit axetic, 2-metylbutanal.
b. 2,2-imetylbutanal, andehit fomic, 3,4-imetylpentanal, andehit oxalic.
Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
3
CHO + AgNO
3
+ NH
3

b. RCHO + AgNO
3
+ NH
3

c. CH
3
CHO + H
2

0
Ni, t

d. RCHO + H
2

0
Ni, t

Cu 5. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng:
Ancol etylic, ancol iso-propylic, ancol n-propylic, andehit axetic, andehit fomic.
Cu 6. Vit CTCT, gi tn cc axit (theo danh php thay th) c CTPT C
4
H
8
O
2
.
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Cu 7. Gi tn cc axit sau theo danh php thng:
HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
COOH, CH
2
=CHCOOH, CH
2
=C(CH
3
) COOH, HOOC-COOH.
Cu 8. Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau:
a. Axit acrylic, axit propionic, axit axetic, axit -2-metylbutanoic.
b. Axit - 2,2-imetylbutanoic, axit fomic, axit - 3,4-imetylpentanoic, axit oxalic.
Cu 9. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH
3
COOH + Na
b. HCOOH + KOH
c. CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
0
3 4
H SO (c), t C


d. RCOOH + R

OH
0
3 4
H SO (c), t C


e. C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

men gim

Cu 10. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng:
Etyl axetat, axit axetic, axit fomic.
Cu 11. Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
a. Metan
(1)
metyl clorua
(2)
metanol
(3)
metanal
(4)
axit fomic.
b. Etanol
(1)
andehit axetic
(2)
axit axetic
(3)
etyl axetat.
c. Propen
(1)
propan-2-ol
(2)
axeton.
d. Etilen
(1)
andehit axetic
(2)
axit axetic
(3)
etyl axetat.
Cu 12. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc:
a. Andehit axetic, axit axetic, glixerol v etanol.
b. Axit fomic, andehit axetic, axit axetic, ancol etylic
c. Propan-1-ol, propan-1,2-iol, andehit axetic, axit axetic.
Cu 13. T metan v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c axit fomic v axit
axetic. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 14. Trung ha 16,6 gam hn hp axit axetic v axit fomic bng dung dch natri hiroxit thu
c 23,2 gam hn hp hai mui. Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng mi axit trong hn hp u.
Cu 15 (CA-09). Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng thu c
32,4 gam Ag. Xc nh CTPT ca anehit trong X.
Cu 16. Cho 0,94 g hn hp hai anehit n chc, no, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 3,24 gam Ag.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anehit.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi andehit trong hn hp u.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 4,4 gam mt andehit X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 3,6 gam
nc. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Cu 18. Cho hn hp X gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H
2
(Ni, t
0
), thu c hn
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hp Y. t chy hon ton Y thu c 6,6 gam CO
2
v 4,5 gam H
2
O.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit trong X.
b. Tnh khi lng ca mi andehit trong hn hp X.
Cu 19. Trung ha hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm axit axetic v axit fomic cn 200 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M.
a. Tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp ban u.
b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c.
Cu 20. trung ho 8,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic mch khng nhnh thuc dy ng ng ca
axit fomic cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn gi ca axit .
Cu 21. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36
lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mi axit.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi axit trong hn hp u.
Cu 22 (CA-08). un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc,
hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Tnh khi lng este to thnh.
Cu 23. Hn hp A gm X, Y l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Cho 10,6 gam hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y.
b. Tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp A.
Cu 24. t chy hon ton 6 gam mt axit X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 3,6 gam H
2
O.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 25. t chy hon ton 0,88 gam 2 axit l ng phn ca nhau thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
v 0,72
gam H
2
O.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 axit.
b. Vit CTCT ca 2 axit .
Cu 26. t chy hon ton 8,8 gam mt axit no, n chc X cn 11,2 lt kh O
2
(ktc). Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca axit.
Cu 27. Cho 90 gam axit axetic tc dng vi 69 gam ru etylic (H
2
SO
4
xc tc). Khi phn ng t
ti cn bng th 66% lng axit chuyn thnh ete, khi lng este sinh ra l bao nhiu gam?
Cu 28. Trung ha hon ton 3 gam mt axit cacboxilic no n chc X cn dng va 100ml
dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tn gi ca X l g?
Cu 29. Cho 1,74gam mt anehit no, n chc phn ng hon ton vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
sinh ra 6,48
gam bc kim loi. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anehit.
Cu 30. Cho 0,92 gam hn hp gm axetilen v anehit axetic phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 5,64gam hn hp rn. Xc nh thnh phn % cc cht trong hn hp
u.
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Cu 31. Cho 10,9 g hn hp gm axit acrylic v axit propionic phn ng hon ton vi Na thot ra
1,68 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tham gia phn ng cng H
2
hon ton th khi lng sn
phm cui cng l bao nhiu?
Cu 32. Hn hp X c khi lng 10g gm axit axetic v anehit axetic. Cho X tc dng vi lng
d dd AgNO
3
trong amoniac thy c 21,6g Ag kt ta. trung ha X cn Vml dd NaOH 0,2M.
Gi tr ca V bng bao nhiu?

D. PHN BI TP NNG CAO
Cu 1 (C-08). Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d
Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi
lng Ag to thnh l bao nhiu?
Cu 2 (A-08). Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag
2
O (hoc
AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng
dung dch HNO
3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Xc nh cng thc
ca X.
Cu 3 (B-07). Khi oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Xc nh
cng thc ca anehit.
Cu 4 (B-08). Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn
khan. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 5 (C-2010). Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c),
un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng este ho.
Cu 6 (C-08). un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc, hiu
sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Tnh khi lng este to thnh.
Cu 7 (A-2010). Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca
hai axit hu c. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Cu 8 (C-09). Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch
h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln
hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO
2
. Xc nh cng thc
v phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp M.
Cu 9 (A-08). Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag
2
O (hoc
AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng
dung dch HNO
3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Xc nh cng thc
ca X.
Cu 10 (A-08). Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600
ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m gam hn hp cht rn
khan. Tnh gi tr m.
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Cu 11 (B-07). trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam
dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Xc nh cng thc ca Y.
Cu 12 (B-07). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2

(ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Tnh gi tr ca V.
Cu 13 (HA 2007): Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 un nng thu
c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ha X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na.
Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCHO B. CH3CHO C. OHC-CHO D. CH3CH(OH)CHO
Cu 14 (HA 2007):Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit n chc X, mch h phn ng vi lng d
AgNO3/NH3 un nng . Lng Ag sinh ra phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long thy thot ra 2,24
lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. A. HCHO B. CH3CHO C. CH3CH2CHO D. C2H3CHO
Cu 15 (HA 2008):Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp rn Zv hn hp hi Y. Cho Y tc
dung vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, un nng thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr m l:
A. 7,4 gam B. 7,8 gam C. 8,8 gam D. 9,2 gam
Cu 16 (HA 2008):Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi lng d
AgNO3/NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lit NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l:
A. HCHO B. C2H5CHO C. C3H7CHO D. C4H9CHO
Cu 17 (HA 2009):Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y
thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm th tch H2 trong X l:
A. 35,00% B. 46,15% C. 53,85% D. 65,00%
Cu 18 (HA 2009):Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit
axetic l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4 B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2
C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC2H5, C2H2, CH3COOH
Cu 19 (HA 2009): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3/NH3thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th
0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l:
A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n
>
0) B. CnH2n+1 CHO (n
>
0)
C. CnH2n -1 CHO (n
>
2) D. CnH2n-3 CHO (n
>
2)
Cu 20 (HB 2009): Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch
h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m+1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t
chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,19 lit O2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l:
A. 8,8 B. 10,5 C. 17,8 D. 24,8
Cu 21 (HA 2013): Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc
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dng va vi dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng , thu c 43,2 gam Ag.
Cng thc cu to ca X l :
A.
3
CH C C CHO
B.
2
CH C CH CHO = =

C.
2
CH C CH CHO
D.
| |
2
2
CH C CH CHO

Cu 22 (HA 2013): Khi lng Ag thu c khi cho 0,1 mol CH3CHO phn ng hon ton vi
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng l
A. 10,8 gam B. 43,2 gam C. 16,2 gam D. 21,6 gam

BI TP AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Cu 1 (HA 2007): t chy hon ton a mol hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung
ho a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l:
A. HOOC- CH2 CH2 COOH B. C2H5COOH
C. CH3 COOH D. HOOC COOH
Cu 2 (HA 2007): Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn
hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xt H2SO4 c), thu c m gam hn hp hai este (h
= 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20
Cu 3 (HA 2007): Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai
dung dch tng ng l x v y. Gi thit c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t phn ly.
Quan h gia x v y l:
A. y = 100x B. y = 2x C. y = x 2 D. y = x + 2
Cu 4 (HA 2008): Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang
phi l:
A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.
C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. D. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
Cu 5 (HA 2008): Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol, axit benzoic cn dng
600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn c
khi lng l:
A. 4,9 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 8,64 gam D. 6,80 gam
Cu 6 (HA 2009): Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t
chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Nu trung ho 0,3 mol X cn dng
500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC COOH B. HCOOH, HOOC- CH2 COOH
C. HCOOH, HOOC C2H5 - COOH D. HCOOH, CH3COOH
Cu 7 (HB 2009): Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri qua
phi l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
Cu 8 (HB 2009): Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2 = CH COOH, CH3 COOH v
CH2 = CH CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc trung ho
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0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH2 = CH COOH
trong X l:
A. 0,56 gam B. 1,44 gam C. 0,72 gam D. 2,88 gam
Cu 10 (HB 2009): Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1
M. Bit 250C Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 v b qua s phn ly ca nc. pH ca dung dch
X 250C l:
A. 1,00 B. 4,24 C. 2,88 D. 4,76
Cu 11 (HB 2013) Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol
n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 21,7 gam X, thu c 20,16 lt kh
2
CO
(ktc) v 18,9
gam
2
H O
. Thc hin phn ng este ha X vi hiu sut 60%, thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m
l A. 15,30 B. 12,24 C. 10,80 D. 9,18
Cu 12 (HB 2013) Axit cacboxylic X hai chc (c phn trm khi lng ca oxi nh hn 70%),
Y v Z l hai ancol ng ng k tip (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp gm X,
Y, Z cn va 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 8,1 gam H2O. Phn
trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l
A. 15,9%. B. 12,6%. C. 29,9% D. 29,6%
Cu 29 (HB 2013) : Hai cht hu c X v Y, thnh phn nguyn t u gm C, H, O, c cng s
nguyn t cacbon (MX < MY). Khi t cht hon ton mi cht trong oxi d u thu c s mol
H2O bng s mol CO2. Cho 0,1 mol hn hp gm X v Y phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 28,08 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban
u l
A. 60,34% B. 78,16% C. 39,66% D 21,84%
Cu 30 (HB 2013) Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 4,02 gam X, thu c 2,34 gam H2O. Mt khc 10,05
gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c 12,8 gam mui. Cng thc ca hai axit l
A. C3H5COOH v C4H7COOH. B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
Cu 31 (HA 2013) Cho X v Y l hai axit cacboxylic mch h, c cng s nguyn t cacbon,
trong X n chc, Y hai chc. Chia hn hp X v Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc
dng ht vi Na, thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, thu c 13,44 lt
kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp l
A. 28,57% B. 57,14% C. 85,71% D. 42,86%
Cu 32 (HA 2013) Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai cht u mch h,
c cng s nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y (trong s mol
ca X ln hn s mol ca Y) cn va 30,24 lt kh O2, thu c 26,88 lt kh CO2 v 19,8 gam
H2O. Bit th tch cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng Y trong 0,4 mol hn hp trn l
A. 17,7 gam B. 9,0 gam C. 11,4 gam D. 19,0 gam
Cu 33 (HA 2013): Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit
no v hai axit khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml
dung dch NaOH 2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th
ton b sn phm chy bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam.
Tng khi lng ca hai axit cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l
A. 15,36 gam B. 9,96 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 12,06 gam

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CHUYN 6 : ESTE - CHT BO
A. L THUYT
I. CHNG 1 ESTE LIPIT
1. Khi nim
Este l g? c im cu to R - COO R.Cng thc chung este no, n chc C
n
H
2n
O
2
(n1).
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Phn ng thy phn, xc tc axit :

RCOOR' + H
2
O RCOOH + R'OH
Phn ng x phng ha :

RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH

(R-COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3R-COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3


Phn ng hidro ha cht bo lng :
(CH
3
[CH
2
]
7
CH=CH[CH
2
]
7
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3H
2
( CH
3
[CH
2
]
16
COO)
3
C
3
H
5


B. BI TP C BN

Cu 1: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 2: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 3: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 4: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 5: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
ln lt
tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO
3
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 6: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca
X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. HO-C
2
H
4
-CHO.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 7: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
. Tn gi ca X l:
A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat.
C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat.
Cu 8: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(c mt H
2
SO
4
long) thu c 2 sn phm
hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l:
A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat.
C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat.
Cu 9: Este etyl axetat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
CHO.
t
0

H
2
SO
4
, t
0

t
0

Ni, t
0

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Cu 10: un nng este HCOOCH
3
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l
A. CH
3
COONa v C
2
H
5
OH. B. HCOONa v CH
3
OH.
C. HCOONa v C
2
H
5
OH. D. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 11: Este etyl fomiat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
.
C. HCOOCH=CH
2
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 12: un nng este CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c
l
A. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
OH. B. CH
3
COONa v C
2
H
5
OH.
C. HCOONa v C
2
H
5
OH. D. C
2
H
5
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 13: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc
ca X l
A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3.
C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 14: Este metyl acrilat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 15: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 16: un nng este CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu
c l
A. CH
2
=CHCOONa v CH
3
OH. B. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
COONa v CH
2
=CHOH. D. C
2
H
5
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 17: un nng este CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu
c l
A. CH
2
=CHCOONa v CH
3
OH. B. CH
3
COONa v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
COONa v CH
2
=CHOH. D. C
2
H
5
COONa v CH
3
OH.
Cu 18: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2
phn ng. Tn gi ca este l
A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat.
C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.
Cu 19: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn
ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na.
Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. H-COO-CH
3
, CH
3
-COOH. D. CH
3
-COOH, H-COO-CH
3
.
Cu 20: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH. D. C
2
H
4
, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 21: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c
axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l
A. HCOO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
. B. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
.
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C. CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
.
Cu 22: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi
trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 23: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua,
ancol benzylic,
p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 24: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v
A. phenol. B. glixerol.
C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc.
Cu 25: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C
15
H
31
COONa v etanol. B. C
17
H
35
COOH v glixerol.
C. C
15
H
31
COOH v glixerol. D. C
17
H
35
COONa v glixerol.
Cu 26: Khi x phng ha tripanmitin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C
15
H
31
COONa v etanol. B. C
17
H
35
COOH v glixerol.
C. C
15
H
31
COONa v glixerol. D. C
17
H
35
COONa v glixerol.
Cu 27: Khi x phng ha triolein ta thu c sn phm l
A. C
15
H
31
COONa v etanol. B. C
17
H
35
COOH v glixerol.
C. C
15
H
31
COONa v glixerol. D. C
17
H
33
COONa v glixerol.
Cu 28: Khi thu phn trong mi trng axit tristearin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C
15
H
31
COONa v etanol. B. C
17
H
35
COOH v glixerol.
C. C
15
H
31
COOH v glixerol. D. C
17
H
35
COONa v glixerol.
Cu 29: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng
t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l
A. 50% B. 62,5% C. 55% D. 75%
Cu 30: Cho 6 gam mt este ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc phn ng va
ht vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tn gi ca este l
A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.
Cu 31: trung ha lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo cn 15ml dung dch
KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l
A. 4,8 B. 6,0 C. 5,5 D. 7,2
Cu 32: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
vCH
3
COOCH
3

bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
Cu 33: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam.
Cu 34: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,4 gam.
Cu 35: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOCH3. S
cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
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Cu 36: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
, cho cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra
mui v nc. Cht X thuc loi
A. ancol no a chc. B. axit khng no n chc.
C. este no n chc. D. axit no n chc.
Cu 37: t chy hon ton 7,8 gam este X thu c 11,44 gam CO
2
v 4,68 gam H
2
O. Cng thc
phn t ca este l
A. C
4
H
8
O
4
B. C
4
H
8
O
2
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
D. C
3
H
6
O
2

Cu 38: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch
NaOH 1,3M (va ) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l
A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat
Cu 39: Thu phn este X c CTPT C
4
H
8
O
2
trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht
hu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 16. X c cng thc l
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOC
3
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
Cu 40: Propyl fomat c iu ch t
A. axit fomic v ancol metylic. B. axit fomic v ancol propylic.
C. axit axetic v ancol propylic. D. axit propionic v ancol metylic.
Cu 41: trung ho 14 gam mt cht bo cn 1,5 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Ch s axit ca cht
bo l
A. 6 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8
Cu 42: C th gi tn este (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
l
A. triolein B. tristearin C. tripanmitin D. stearic
Cu 43: un nng cht bo cn va 40 kg dung dch NaOH 15%, gi s phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Khi lng (kg) glixerol thu c l
A. 13,8 B. 4,6 C. 6,975 D. 9,2
Cu 44: X phng ho hon ton 37,0 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
bng
dung dch NaOH, un nng. Khi lng NaOH cn dng l
A. 8,0g B. 20,0g C. 16,0g D. 12,0g
Cu 45: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh
ra cht Z c cng thc C
3
H
5
O
2
Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 46: X phng ho hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp 2 este l etyl axetat v metyl propionat

bng
lng va v (ml) dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Gi tr v dng l
A. 200 ml. B. 500 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 600 ml.

C. BI TP NNG CAO
ESTE TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

Cu 1: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch
gm 4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht
hu c Z. Tn ca X l
A. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat.
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C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat.
Cu 2: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu
c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch
NH
3
thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y.
Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3
.
Cu 3: S hp cht n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
,
u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 4: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng
x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to
ph hp vi X? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16)
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 5: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
) mch h v O
2
(s mol
O
2
gp i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9
o
C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy
hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. X c cng
thc phn t l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. CH
2
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C3H6O2.
Cu 6: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam
este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 7: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v
C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 8: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th
tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
(o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X v Y l
A. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3
.
B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3.

C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2.
D.HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5.
Cu 9: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm
hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic.
Cu 10: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300
ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn
khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
2
-CH
3
.
C. CH3 -COO-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COO-CH=CH
2
.
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Cu 11: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v
CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn
dng l
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
Cu 12: Hai cht hu c X
1
v X
2
u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X
1
c kh nng
phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. X
2
phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn
ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X
1
, X
2
ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. H-COO-CH
3
, CH
3
-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Cu 13: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un
nng) theo phng trnh phn ng:
C
4
H
6
O
4
+ 2NaOH 2Z + Y.

oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht

T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng phn t ca T l
A. 44 vC. B. 58 vC. C. 82 vC. D. 118 vC.
Cu 14: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml
dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v
mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36
lt H
2
( ktc). Hn hp X gm
A. mt axit v mt este. B. mt este v mt ru.
C. hai este. D. mt axit v mt ru.
Cu 15: un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc, hiu
sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l
A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam.
Cu 16: Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc
cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CHCH
3
.
C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D. CH
2
=CHCOOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 17: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi dung
dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X. Cho ton b
X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai cht hu c l
A. mt este v mt axit. B. hai axit.
C. hai este. D. mt este v mt ancol.
Cu 18: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
O
2
N tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c
1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH3COONH3CH3.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. D. HCOONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 19: Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit cacboxylic k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16
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lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 4,5 gam H
2
O. Cng thc este X v gi
tr ca m tng ng l
A. (HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
v 6,6. B. HCOOCH3 v 6,7.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
v 6,7. D. HCOOC
2
H
5
v 9,5.
Cu 20: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn
phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
Cl. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCH(Cl)CH
3
. D. ClCH2COOC2H5.
Cu 21: Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c), un
nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 31,25%. B. 40,00%. C. 62,50%. D. 50,00%.
Cu 22: trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng dung dch
cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,150. B. 0,200. C. 0,280. D. 0,075.
Cu 23: Mnh khng ng l:
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3.
B. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
.
D. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
c th trng hp to polime.
Cu 24: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi
axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH.
C. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH.
Cu 25: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este ln
nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1
mol CH
3
COOH cn s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit )
A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456
Cu 26: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c
axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l
A. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
. B. HCOO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
.
C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH3COO-CH=CH2.
Cu 27: Cho glixerin trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit:
Na, Cu(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng
xy ra l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 28: Este X c cc c im sau:
- t chy hon ton X to thnh CO
2
v H
2
O c s mol bng nhau;
- Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z
(c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).
Pht biu khng ng l:
A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO
2
v 2 mol H
2
O.
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B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.
D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken.
Cu 29: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
O
4
. Cho 0,1 mol X tc
dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp
mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
OOC(CH
2
)
2
COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COO(CH
2
)
2
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5. D. CH
3
OOCCH
2
COOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 30: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam.
Cu 31 HB 2103: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo.
B. Cc cht bo thng khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc.
C. Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni.
D. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dung dch kim.
Cu 32 HB 2103: Thy phn hon ton m1 gam este X mch h bng dung dch NaOH d, thu
c m2 gam ancol Y (khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2) v 15 gam hn hp mui ca
hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton m2 gam Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO2
v 0,4 mol H2O. Gi tr ca m1 l
A. 11,6. B. 16,2. C. 10,6. D. 14,6.
Cu 31 H A 2013 Cho 0,1 mol tristearin (C17H35COO)3C3H5) tc dng hon ton vi dung
dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,6. B. 4,6. C. 14,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 32 H A 2013: Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c
anehit?
A. CH3-COO-C(CH3)=CH2. B. CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3. D. CH3-COO-CH2-CH=CH2.

Cu 34 H A 2013: Cho s cc phn ng:
X + NaOH (dung dch) Y + Z; Y + NaOH (rn) T + P;
T Q + H2; Q + H2O Z.
Trong s trn, X v Z ln lt l
A. HCOOCH=CH2 v HCHO B. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3CHO
C. CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3CHO D. CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCHO
Cu 35 H A 2013: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam X
vo 360 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n phn ng hon ton,
thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9
gam X cn va 7,84 lt O2 (ktc), thu c 15,4 gam CO2. Bit X c cng thc phn t trng
vi cng thc n gin nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,2 B. 12,3 C. 11,1 D. 11,4


CHUYN 7 : GLUCOZ - SACCAROZ - TINH BT XENLULOZ
t
0

1500
0
C
t
0
, CaO
t
0
, xt
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A. L THUYT
1. Cu to
a) glucozo v fructozo (C
6
H
12
O
6
)
Glucozo dng mch h l monoanehit v poliancol : CH
2
OH[CHOH]
4
CHO
Fructozo dng mch h l monoxeton v poliancol , c th chuyn ha thnh glucozo trong
mi trng bazo.
CH
2
OH[CHOH]3 -CO-CH
2
OH CH
2
OH[CHOH]
4
CHO

b) Saccarozo (C
12
H
22
O
11
hay C
6
H
11
O
5
O- C
6
H
11
O
5
)
Phn t khng c nhm CHO, c chc poliancol
c) Tinh bt v xenlulozo (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n

Tinh bt : Cc mt xch glucozo lin kt vi nhau thnh mch xon l xo, phn t khng c
nhm CHO.
Xenlulozo : Cc mt xch glucozo lin kt vi nhau thnh mch ko di, phn t khng c
nhm CHO v mi mt xch c 3 nhm OH t do, nn c th vit : [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n

2. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Glucozo c phn ng ca chc anehit
CH
2
OH[CHOH]
4
CHO +2AgNO
3
+3NH
3
+H
2
O CH
2
OH[CHOH]
4
COONH
4
+2Ag +
2NH
4
NO
3

Fructozo cng c phn ng trng bc do trong mi trng kim, fructozo chuyn ha thnh
glucozo.
b) Glucozo, fructozo, saccarozo v xenlulozo c phn ng ca chc poliancol
Glucozo, fructozo, saccarozo phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
cho cc hp cht tan mu xanh lam
Xenlulozo tc dng vi axit nitric m c cho xenlulozo trinitrat:

[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+ 3nHNO
3
(c) [C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O
c) Saccarozo, tinh bt v xenlulozo c phn ng thy phn nh xc tc axit hay enzim thch hp

C
6
H
11
O
5
O- C
6
H
11
O
5
+ H
2
O C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6

Saccarozo glucozo fructozo
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ H
2
O

n C
6
H
12
O
6

Tinh bt hoc xenlulozo

glucozo
d) Phn ng ln men ru

C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2


B. BI TP C BN

Cu 1: Trong phn t ca cacbohyrat lun c
A. nhm chc axit. B. nhm chc xeton.
C. nhm chc ancol. D. nhm chc anehit.
Cu 2: Cht thuc loi isaccarit l
A. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. xenluloz. D. fructoz.
Cu 3: Hai cht ng phn ca nhau l
OH
-

t
0

H
2
SO
4(c)
, t
0

H
+
hoc enzim
H
+
hoc enzim
Enzim
30-35
0
C
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A. glucoz v mantoz. B. fructoz v glucoz.
C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz.
Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp glucoz ln men to thnh kh CO
2
v
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH
3
CHO.
Cu 5: Saccaroz v glucoz u c
A. phn ng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng.
B. phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.
C. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dung dch xanh lam.
D. phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit.
Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH.
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
.
Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. fructoz. D. saccaroz.
Cu 8: Cht khng phn ng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH3, un nng to thnh Ag l
A. C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz). B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCHO. D. HCOOH.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 l
A. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic.
B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat.
C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic.
D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat.
Cu 10: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch
glucoz phn ng vi
A. Cu(OH)
2
trong NaOH, un nng.
B. AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng.
C. Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng.
D. kim loi Na.
Cu 11: Khi ln men 360 gam glucoz vi hiu sut 100%, khi lng ancol etylic thu c l
A. 184 gam. B. 276 gam. C. 92 gam. D. 138 gam.
Cu 12: Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ru etylic vi hiu sut 80%. Hp th hon ton kh
CO2 sinh ra vo nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4 B. 45. C. 11,25 D. 22,5
Cu 13: un nng dung dch cha 27 gam glucoz vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
(d) th khi
lng Ag ti a thu c l
A. 16,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 32,4 gam.
Cu 14: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO
3
trong
dung dch NH
3
thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca dung dch glucoz
dng l
A. 0,20M B. 0,01M C. 0,02M D. 0,10M
Cu 15: Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l
A. 2,25 gam. B. 1,80 gam. C. 1,82 gam. D. 1,44 gam.
Cu 16: un nng xenluloz trong dung dch axit v c, thu c sn phm l
A. saccaroz. B. glucoz. C. fructoz. D. mantoz.
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Cu 17: Cho s chuyn ha sau: Tinh bt X Y axit axetic.
X v Y ln lt l
A. ancol etylic, anehit axetic. B. glucoz, ancol etylic.
C. glucoz, etyl axetat. D. glucoz, anehit axetic.
Cu 18: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
A. ho tan Cu(OH)
2
. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.
Cu 19: Mt cht khi thy phn trong mi trng axit, un nng khng to ra glucoz. Cht l
A. protit. B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz.
Cu 20: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dy
tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 21: Thy phn 324 gam tinh bt vi hiu sut ca phn ng l 75%, khi lng glucoz thu
c l
A. 250 gam. B. 300 gam. C. 360 gam. D. 270 gam.
Cu 22: T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sut
phn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 26,73. B. 33,00. C. 25,46. D. 29,70.
Cu 23: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng
c vi Cu(OH)2 l:
A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 24: Mun c 2610 gam glucoz th khi lng saccaroz cn em thu phn hon ton l
A. 4595 gam. B. 4468 gam. C. 4959 gam. D. 4995 gam.
Cu 25: Thuc th phn bit glucoz v fructoz l
A. Cu(OH)
2
B. dung dch brom. C. [Ag(NH
3
)
2
] NO
3
D. Na
Cu 26: un nng 37,5 gam dung dch glucoz vi lng AgNO
3
/dung dch NH
3
d, thu c
6,48 gam bc. Nng % ca dung dch glucoz l
A. 11,4 % B. 14,4 % C. 13,4 % D. 12,4 %
Cu 27: Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz l 1620 000. Gi tr n trong cng thc (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
l
A. 10000 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 7000
Cu 28: Trng bc hon ton m gam glucoz thu c 86,4 gam Ag. Nu ln men hon ton m
gam glucoz ri cho kh CO
2
thu c hp th vo nc vi trong d th lng kt ta thu c l
A. 60g. B. 20g. C. 40g. D. 80g.
Cu 29: Trong cc cht sau: axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz, ancol etylic, xenluloz. S cht ha tan
c Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 4
Cu 30: Ln men 41,4 gam glucoz vi hiu sut 80%, lng kh thu c cho hp th hon ton
vo dung dch nc vi trong d th lng kt ta thu c l
A. 18,4 B. 28,75g C. 36,8g D. 23g.
Cu 31: Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ancol etylic. Kh sinh ra cho vo nuc vi trong d thu
c 120 gam kt ta, bit hiu sut qu trnh ln men t 60%. Gi tr m l
A. 225 gam. B. 112,5 gam. C. 120 gam. D. 180 gam.
Cu 32: Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic, axetilen,
fructoz. S lng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l
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A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Cu 33: Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c
A. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz.
Cu 34: Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz?
A. [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
. B. [C
6
H
8
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
. C. [C
6
H
7
O
3
(OH)
3
]
n
. D. [C
6
H
5
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
.
Cu 35: Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit?
A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz.
C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz

C.BI TP NNG CAO
CACBONHIDDRAT TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.10a Cu 44: T 180 gam glucoz, ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%).
Oxi ho 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung
ho hn hp X cn 720 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A.90%. B. 10%. C. 80%. D. 20%.
2.09a Cu 28: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO
2
sinh ra hp th ht vo
dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4
gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,0. B. 30,0. C. 13,5. D. 15,0.
3.09a Cu 46: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca
A.ancol. B. xeton. C. amin. D. anehit.
4.08a Cu 53: Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l
A.2,25 gam. B. 1,80 gam. C. 1,82 gam. D. 1,44 gam.
5.Cd07Cu 12: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH.
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO
6.07a Cu 42: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho
dung dch glucoz phn ng vi
A. kim loi Na.
B. AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng.
C. Cu(OH)
2
trong NaOH, un nng
D. Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng.
7.Cd11Cu 32: Ln men dung dch cha 300 gam glucoz thu c 92 gam ancol etylic. Hiu
sut qu trnh ln men to thnh ancol etylic l
A.54%. B. 40%. C. 80%. D. 60%.
8.Cd07Cu 20: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO
3

(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3
thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca
dung dch glucoz dng l
A.0,20M. B. 0,10M. C. 0,01M. D. 0,02M.
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9.11b Cu 60: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz.
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ho ln nhau.
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ho tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng cho dung dch
mu xanh lam.
(e) Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h.
(g) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng vng 6 cnh (dng v ).
S pht biu ng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.
10.10b Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng l:
A. glixerol, axit axetic, glucoz. B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton.
C. anehit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic. D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic.
11.09b Cu 53: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
B. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH
3
OH.
C. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau.
12.09cd Cu 48: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO
2
sinh ra
trong qu trnh ny c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu
sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr ca m l
A.60. B. 58. C. 30. D. 48.
13.08b Cu 8: Cho cc cht: ru (ancol) etylic, glixerin (glixerol), glucoz, imetyl ete v axit
fomic. S cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
l
A.1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
14.10a Cu 19: Mt phn t saccaroz c
A. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
C. hai gc -glucoz.
D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
15.09a Cu 55: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l:
A. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic.
B. Fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
C. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic.
D. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz.
16.Cd11Cu 39: Cho cc cht: saccaroz, glucoz, fructoz, etyl fomat, axit fomic v anehit
axetic. Trong cc cht trn, s cht va c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc va c kh nng
phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
17.10cd Cu 9: Thu phn hon ton 3,42 gam saccaroz trong mi trng axit, thu c dung
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dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X phn ng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un
nng, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A.21,60. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 43,20.
18.11b Cu 59: Thu phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian
thu c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc
dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th lng Ag thu c l
A.0,090 mol. B. 0,12 mol. C. 0,095 mol. D. 0,06 mol.
19.08b Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht: KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H2O, C
2
H
5
OH, C
12
H
22
O
11
(saccaroz),
CH3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4. S cht in li l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
20.Cd07Cu 44: Ch dng Cu(OH)
2
c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit sau:
A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic.
B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerin (glixerol).
C. saccaroz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic, ru (ancol) etylic.
D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerin (glixerol), ru (ancol) etylic
21.11a Cu 48: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut
ton b qu trnh l 90%. Hp th ton b lng CO
2
sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo
nc vi trong, thu c 330 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi
lng nc vi trong ban u l 132 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.486. B. 297. C. 405. D. 324.
22.07a Cu 33: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b
lng CO
2
sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, thu c 550 gam kt ta v
dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.550. B. 810. C. 650. D. 750.
23.10cd Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht
hu c X. Cho X phn ng vi kh H
2
(xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln
lt l:
A.glucoz, sobitol. B. glucoz, saccaroz.
C. glucoz, etanol. D. glucoz, fructoz.
24.09cd Cu 46: Cho cc chuyn ho sau:
X + H
2
O
xt,t
o
Y ;Y + H
2

Ni,t
o
Sobitol ;
Y + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
t
o
Amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO
3

Y
xc tc
E + Z Z + H
2
O
X, Y v Z ln lt l:
A. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic. B. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
C. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit. D. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.
25.CD08Cu 50: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt PTPT):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Y, Z l:
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH. D. C
2
H
4
, CH
3
COOH.
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26.11b Cu 12: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit.
(c) Trong dd, glucoz v saccaroz u ho tan Cu(OH)
2
, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thu phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu
c mt loi monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dd AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol. S pht biu
ng l
A.5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.
27.08b Cu 10: Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru
(ancol) etylic 46 l (bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic
nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml)
A. 5,4 kg. B. 5,0 kg. C. 6,0 kg. D. 4,5 kg.
28.11a Cu 28: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu
sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz
trinitrat iu ch c l
A.2,20 tn. B. 1,10 tn. C. 2,97 tn. D. 3,67 tn.
29.10a Cu 25: Pht biu ng l:
A. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz.
B. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -aminoaxit.
C. Khi cho dd lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)
2
thy xut hin phc mu xanh m.
D. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
Cu 37: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
A.ho tan Cu(OH)
2
. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.
31.Cd11Cu 58: C mt s nhn xt v cacbohirat nh sau:
(1) Saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u c th b thu phn.
(2) Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz u tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
v c kh nng tham gia phn
ng trng bc.
(3) Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn cu to ca nhau.
(4) Phn t xenluloz c cu to bi nhiu gc -glucoz.
(5) Thu phn tinh bt trong mi trng axit sinh ra fructoz.
Trong cc nhn xt trn, s nhn xt ng l
A.2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.
32.10cd Cu 46: Cp cht no sau y khng phi l ng phn ca nhau?
A. Ancol etylic v imetyl ete. B. Saccaroz v xenluloz.
C. Glucoz v fructoz. D. 2-metylpropan-1-ol v butan-2-ol.
33.09cd Cu 27: Th tch ca dung dch axit nitric 63% (D = 1,4 g/ml) cn va sn xut
c 59,4 kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 80%) l
A.42,34 lt. B. 42,86 lt. C. 34,29 lt. D. 53,57 lt.
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34.CD08Cu 19: T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (hiu
sut P theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A.26,73. B. 33,00. C. 25,46. D. 29,70.
35.CD08Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, mantoz. S cht
trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A.3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
36.10b Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm -OH, c v ngt, ho tan
Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l
A.xenluloz. B. mantoz. C. glucoz . D. s accaroz.
37.09b Cu 31: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde
(3); phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5);
b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (2), (3), (4) v (5). B. (3), (4), (5) v (6).
C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (1), (3), (4) v (6).
38.08b Cu 25: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 g/ml) cn dng tc
dng vi xenluloz to thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO
3
b hao ht l 20 %)
A. 55 lt. B. 81 lt. C. 49 lt. D. 70 lt.
39.07b Cu 13: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit
sunfuric c,nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit nitric
(hiu sut phn ng t 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 42 kg. B. 10 kg. C. 30 kg. D. 21 kg
40.2013A Cu 53: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Glucoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
(b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz
(c) Mantoraz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
(d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc |-glucoz v o-fructoz
Trong cc pht biu trn , s pht biu ng l:
A.3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
41 2013 A Cc cht trong dy no sau y u to kt ta khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 d, un nng?
A. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, anehit axetic.
B. glucoz, imetylaxetilen, anehit axetic.
C. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, imetylaxetilen.
D. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, axit propionic.
42. 2013 A Cu 22: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
(a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4 long.
(b) Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng.
(c) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br2 trong CCl4.
(d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO3, trong NH3 d, un nng.
(e) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 5. B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
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43. 2013 A Cu 5: Ln men m gam glucoz to thnh ancol etylic (hiu sut phn ng bng
90%). Hp th hon ton lng kh CO2 sinh ra vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,0 B. 18,5 C. 45,0 D. 7,5

CHUYN 8: AMIN - AMINOAXIT - PEPTIT PROTEIN

A. L THUYT

Tc nhn Tnh cht ha hc
Amin bc I Amino axit Protein

RNH
2
C
6
H
5
NH
2

y
(H
2
N)-R-(COOH)
x
...NH-CH(R
1
)-CO-NH-CH(R
2
)-CO...
H
2
O To dung
dch bazo

Axit HCl To mui To mui To mui To mui hoc b thy phn khi un
nng
Bazo tan
(NaOH)
To mui Thy phn khi un nng
Ancol
ROH/HCl
To este
Br
2
/H
2
O To kt ta
trng

Xt , t
0
v amino axit
tham gia phn ng
trng ngng

Cu(OH)
2
To hp cht mu tm

B. BI TP C BN

AMIN ANILIN
Cu 1: S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C
2
H
7
N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 2: S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 3: S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A. 5. B. 7. C. 6. D. 8.
Cu 4: S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 5: S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
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Cu 6: C bao nhiu amin cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C
7
H
9
N ?
A. 3 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.
Cu 7: Anilin c cng thc l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
6
H
5
OH. C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. D. CH
3
OH.
Cu 8: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2?
A. H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
NH
2
B. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)NH
2

C. CH
3
NHCH
3
D. C
6
H
5
NH
2

Cu 9: C bao nhiu amin bc hai c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
13
N ?
A. 4 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.
Cu 10: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no ph hp vi cht CH
3
CH(CH
3
)NH
2
?
A. Metyletylamin. B. Etylmetylamin.
C. Isopropanamin. D. Isopropylamin.
Cu 11: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz mnh nht ?
A. NH
3
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
NH
2
C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
D. (CH
3
)
2
NH
Cu 12: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz yu nht ?
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
NH
2
C. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH D. NH
3

Cu 13: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no ph hp vi cht C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-NH
2
?
A. Phenylamin. B. Benzylamin.
C. Anilin. D. Phenylmetylamin.
Cu 14: Trong cc cht di y, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ?
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH C. p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-NH
2
. D. C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-NH
2
Cu 15: Cht khng c kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm l
A. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac.
Cu 16: Cht khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l
A. C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl. B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH. C. p-CH
3
C
6
H
4
OH. D. C
6
H
5
OH.
Cu 17: tch ring tng cht t hn hp benzen, anilin, phenol ta ch cn dng cc ho cht
(dng c,iu kin th nghim y ) l
A. dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl, kh CO
2
.
B. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch HCl, kh CO
2
.
C. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH, kh CO
2
.
D. dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl, kh CO
2
.
Cu 18: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:
A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.
C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.
Cu 19: Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom vo
A. ancol etylic. B. benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic.
Cu 20: Cht lm giy qu tm m chuyn thnh mu xanh l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
NH
2
. C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. D. NaCl.
Cu 21: Anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) phn ng vi dung dch
A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. NaCl.
Cu 22: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th
phn bit 3 cht lng trn l
A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom.
C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm.
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Cu 23: Anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) v phenol (C
6
H
5
OH) u c phn ng vi
A. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl.
C. nc Br
2
D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 24: Dung dch metylamin trong nc lm
A. qu tm khng i mu. B. qu tm ha xanh.
C. phenolphtalein ho xanh. D. phenolphtalein khng i mu.
Cu 25: Cht c tnh baz l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. CH
3
CHO. D. C
6
H
5
OH.
Cu 26: Cho 500 gam benzen phn ng vi HNO3 (c) c mt H2SO4 c, sn phm thu c
em kh thnh anilin. Nu hiu sut chung ca qu trnh l 78% th khi lng anilin thu c l
A. 456 gam. B. 564 gam. C. 465 gam. D. 546 gam.
Cu 27: Cho 9,3 gam anilin (C
6
H
5
NH
2
) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu c l
A. 11,95 gam. B. 12,95 gam. C. 12,59 gam. D. 11,85 gam.
Cu 28: Cho 5,9 gam etylamin (C
3
H
7
NH
2
) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui
(C
3
H
7
NH
3
Cl) thu c l (Cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14)
A. 8,15 gam . B. 9,65 gam. C. 8,10 gam. D. 9,55 gam.
Cu 29: Cho 4,5 gam etylamin (C2H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu
c l
A. 7,65 gam. B. 8,15 gam. C. 8,10 gam. D. 0,85 gam.
Cu 30: Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lng
anilin phn ng l
A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g.
Cu 31: Trung ha 11,8 gam mt amin n chc cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn
t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
N B. CH
5
N C. C
3
H
9
N D. C
3
H
7
N
Cu 32: Cho lng d anilin phn ng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,05 mol H
2
SO
4
long. Khi
lng mui thu c bng bao nhiu gam?
A. 7,1g. B. 14,2g. C. 19,1g. D. 28,4g.
Cu 33: trung ha 20 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 22,5% cn dng 100ml
dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l.
A. C
2
H
7
N B. CH
5
N C. C
3
H
5
N D. C
3
H
7
N
Cu 34: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui.
S ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 35: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol metylamin (CH
3
NH
2
), sinh ra V lt kh N
2

( ktc). Gi tr ca
V l
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam metylamin (CH
3
NH
2
), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh N
2

( ktc). Gi tr
ca m l
A. 3,1 gam. B. 6,2 gam. C. 5,4 gam. D. 2,6 gam.
Cu 37: Th tch nc brom 3% (d = 1,3g/ml) cn dng iu ch 4,4 gam kt ta 2,4,6 tribrom
anilin l
A. 164,1ml. B. 49,23ml. C 146,1ml. D. 16,41ml.
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Cu 38: t chy hon ton amin no n chc X, thu c 16,8 lt CO
2
; 2,8 lt N
2
(ktc) v 20,25
g H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
4
H
9
N. B. C
3
H
7
N. C. C
2
H
7
N. D. C
3
H
9
N.
Cu 39: Mt amin n chc c cha 31,111%N v khi lng. Cng thc phn t v s ng phn
ca amin tng ng l
A. CH
5
N; 1 ng phn. B. C
2
H
7
N; 2 ng phn.
C. C
3
H
9
N; 4 ng phn. D. C
4
H
11
N; 8 ng phn.
Cu 40: Cho 11,25 gam C
2
H
5
NH
2
tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x(M). Sau khi phn ng
xong thu c dung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5M

AMINOAXIT PEPTIT PROTEIN
Cu 1: Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn t
A. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino.
C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon.
Cu 2: C
4
H
9
O
2
N c my ng phn amino axit c nhm amino v tr ?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 3: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
O
2
N?
A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 5 cht. D. 6 cht.
Cu 4: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N?
A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 1 cht.
Cu 5: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit o-aminopropionic.
C. Anilin. D. Alanin.
Cu 6: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH(NH
2
)-
COOH?
A. Axit 3-metyl-2-aminobutanoic. B. Valin.
C. Axit 2-amino-3-metylbutanoic. D. Axit o-aminoisovaleric.
Cu 7: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glixin?
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
C. HOOC-CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH D. H
2
NCH
2
-CH
2
COOH
Cu 8: Dung dch ca cht no sau y khng lm i mu qu tm :
A. Glixin (CH
2
NH
2
-COOH)
B. Lizin (H
2
NCH
2
-[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
2
)-COOH)
C. Axit glutamic (HOOCCH
2
CHNH
2
COOH)
D. Natriphenolat (C
6
H
5
ONa)
Cu 9: Cht X va tc dng c vi axit, va tc dng c vi baz. Cht X l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. C. CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
NH
2
.
Cu 10: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H
2
NCH
2
COOH, va tc dng c vi CH
3
NH
2
?
A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH
3
OH. D. NaOH.
Cu 11: Cht rn khng mu, d tan trong nc, kt tinh iu kin thng l
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. D. CH
3
NH
2
.
Cu 12: Cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
2
= CHCOOH.
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C. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH.
Cu 13: Cho dy cc cht:
C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin), H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
OH .
S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 14: chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln
lt vi
A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH
3
.
C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na
2
SO
4
. D. dung dch KOH v CuO.
Cu 15: Cht phn ng c vi cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl l
A. C
2
H
6
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH. C. CH
3
COOH. D. C
2
H
5
OH.
Cu 16: Axit aminoaxetic (H
2
NCH
2
COOH) tc dng c vi dung dch
A. NaNO
3
. B. NaCl. C. NaOH. D. Na
2
SO
4
.
Cu 17: Dung dch ca cht no trong cc cht di y khng lm i mu qu tm
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. NH
2
CH
2
COOH
C. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH. D. CH
3
COONa.
Cu 18: phn bit 3 dung dch H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
NH
2
ch cn dng mt
thuc th l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. natri kim loi. D. qu tm.
Cu 19: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C
6
H
5
-NH
3
Cl , H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH, ClH
3
N-
CH
2
-COOH, HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c
pH < 7 l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 21: Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl. Sau
phn ng, khi lng mui thu c l .
A. 43,00 gam. B. 44,00 gam. C. 11,05 gam. D. 11,15 gam.
Cu 22: Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH. Sau
phn ng, khi lng mui thu c l
A. 9,9 gam. B. 9,8 gam. C. 7,9 gam. D. 9,7 gam.
Cu 23: Cho m gam alanin phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phn ng, khi lng mui thu
c 11,1 gam. Gi tr m dng l .
A. 9,9 gam. B. 9,8 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 7,5 gam.
Cu 24: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X
tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui
khan. Cng thc ca X l
A. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH.
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH. D. H
2
NC
4
H
8
COOH.
Cu 25: 1 mol o - amino axit X tc dng va ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l
28,287% Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)COOH B. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH D. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH
Cu 26: Khi trng ngng 13,1 g axit c - aminocaproic vi hiu sut 80%, ngoi aminoaxit cn d
ngi ta thu c m gam polime v 1,44 g nc. Gi tr m l
A. 10,41 B. 9,04 C. 11,02 D. 8,43
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Cu 27: Este A c iu ch t ancol metylic v amino axit no B(cha mt nhm amino v mt
nhm cacboxyl). T khi hi ca A so vi oxi l 2,78125. Amino axit B l
A. axit amino fomic. B. axit aminoaxetic.
C. axit glutamic. D. axit -amino propionic.
Cu 28: C 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) ph n ng v a v i 40 ml dung d ch NaOH 0,25M.
M t khc 1,5 gam aminoaxit (A) ph n ng v a v i 80 ml dung d ch NaOH 0,25M.
Kh i l ng phn t c a A l
A. 150. B. 75. C. 105. D. 89.
Cu 29: 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) tc d ng v a v i 50 ml dung d ch HCl 0,2M. C c n
dung d ch sau ph n ng c 1,835 gam mu i khan. Kh i l ng phn t c a A l
A. 89. B. 103. C. 117. D. 147.
Cu 30: Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc
dng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. glixin
Cu 31: Este A c iu ch to -amino axit v ancol metylic. T khi hi ca A so vi hidro
bng 44,5. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
CH
2
-COOH
C. H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
. D. H
2
NCH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
.
Cu 32: A l mt oaminoaxit. Cho bit 1 mol A phn ng va vi 1 mol HCl, hm lng clo
trong mui thu c l 19,346%. Cng thc ca A l :
A. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH B.HOOCCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
Cu 33: Tri peptit l hp cht
A. m mi phn t c 3 lin kt peptit.
B. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit ging nhau.
C. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit khc nhau.
D. c 2 lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc -amino axit.
Cu 34: C bao nhiu tripeptit m phn t cha 3 gc amino axit khc nhau?
A. 3 cht. B. 5 cht. C. 6 cht. D. 8 cht.
Cu 35: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l ipeptit ?
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH.
B. H
2
N-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH(CH
3
)-COOH.
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH(CH
3
)-CO-NH-CH
2
-COOH.
D. H
2
N-CH(CH
3
)-CO-NH-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH(CH
3
)-COOH
Cu 36: T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?
A. 1 cht. B. 2 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht.
Cu 37: S ng phn tripeptit to thnh t 1 phn t glyxin v 2 phn t alanin l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 38: S ng phn tripeptit c cha gc ca c glyxin v alanin l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 39: Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh thy phn cc protein n gin nh cht xc tc thch
hp l
A. -aminoaxit. B. -aminoaxit. C. axit cacboxylic. D. este.
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Cu 40: S ng phn ipeptit to thnh t 1 phn t glyxin v 1 phn t alanin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.

C-BI TP NNG CAO
AMIN TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 14: Thnh phn % m ca nit trong hp cht hu c CxHyN l 23,73%. S ng phn
amin bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A.3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
2.11a Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol,
ancol benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH
long, un nng l
A.5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
3.10a Cu 12: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy
hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v
hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch
kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A.CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6.

C. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8.
D. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
.
4.10a Cu 56: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt
hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin).
Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-NH
2
. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-NH
2
.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-NH-CH
3
. D. CH
2
=CH-NH-CH
3
.
5.09a Cu 18: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam
mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A.4. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
6.07a Cu 9: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO2, 1,4 lt kh
N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.C
3
H
7
N. B. C
2
H
7
N. C. C
3
H
9
N. D. C
4
H
9
N.
7.Cd11Cu 52: Amin X c phn t khi nh hn 80. Trong phn t X, nit chim 19,18% v khi
lng. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch hn hp gm KNO
2
v HCl thu c ancol Y. Oxi ha
khng hon ton Y thu c xeton Z. Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong phn t X c mt lin kt .
B. Phn t X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh.
C. Tn thay th ca Y l propan-2-ol.
D. Tch nc Y ch thu c mt anken duy nht.
8.10cd Cu 11: Cho 2,1 gam hn hp X gm 2 amin no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,925 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc ca 2
amin trong hn hp X l
A. C
3
H
7
NH
2
v C
4
H
9
NH
2
. B. CH
3
NH
2
v C
2
H
5
NH
2.

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C. CH
3
NH
2
v (CH
3
)
3
N. D. C
2
H
5
NH
2
v C
3
H
7
NH
2

9.10cd Cu 57: S amin thm bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C
7
H
9
N l
A.3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.
10.09cd Cu 6: S ng phn cu to ca amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A.4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
11.CD08Cu 6: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan.
S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A.5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
12.CD08Cu 23: Cho cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht
trong dy p vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A.3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
13.Cd07Cu 37: trung ha 25 gam dd ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn 100ml
dung dch HCl 1M. Ctpt ca X l
A.C
3
H
5
N. B. C
2
H
7
N. C. CH
5
N. D. C
3
H
7
N.
14.10b Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va , thu c
0,5 mol hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl
phn ng l
A.0,1. B. 0,4. C. 0,3. D. 0,2.
15.10b Cu 57: Trung ho h. ton 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh)
bng HCl, to ra 17,64 g mui. Amin c ct l
A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
C. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. D. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2.

16: H2013 Cho 0,76 gam hn hp X gm hai amin n chc, c s mol bng nhau, phn ng
hon ton vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,49 gam mui. Khi lng ca amin c phn t khi
nh hn trong 0,76 gam X l
A. 0,45 gam. B. 0,38 gam. C. 0,58 gam. D. 0,31 gam.
17: H2013 S amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C3H9N l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 1 D. 2

AMINOAXIT TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 11: S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N l
A.1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
2.10a Cu 29: Cho 0,15 mol H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
(axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M,
thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s
mol NaOH phn ng l
A.0,70. B. 0,50. C. 0,65. D. 0,55.
3.10a Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c
kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol
CO
2
, x mol H
2
O v y mol N
2
. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
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A.7 v 1,0. B. 8 v 1,5. C. 8 v 1,0. D. 7 v 1,5.
4.09a Cu 14: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui
Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit
m2 - m1 = 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.C
5
H
9
O
4
N. B. C
4
H
10
O
2
N
2
. C. C
5
H
11
O
2
N. D. C
4
H
8
O
4
N
2
.
5.09a Cu 23: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng
khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3.
Tn gi ca X l
A.anilin. B. phenol. C. axit acrylic. D. metyl axetat.
6.09a Cu 34: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht
lng: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc
th duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim?
A.5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
7.09a Cu 48: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
9
NO
2
. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng
va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh,
lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C
cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.10,8. B. 9,4. C. 8,2. D. 9,6.
8.09a Cu 54: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Cc ancol a chc u P vi Cu(OH)2 to dd mu xanh lam.
B. Etylamin p vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
D. Anilin p vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
9.08a Cu 9: C cc dung dch ring bit sau:
C
6
H
5
-NH
3
Cl , H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH, ClH
3
N-CH
2
-COOH, HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-
CH(NH
2
)-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa.
S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l
A.2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
10.08a Cu 13: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch
t capron l 17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt
l
A.113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.
11.08a Cu 15: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong dd, H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH cn tn ti dng ion lng cc H
3
N
+
-CH
2-
COO
-

B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH
3
N-CH
3
l este ca glixin.
C. Aminoaxit l hchc cha ng thi nhm amino v nhm cacboxyl.
D. Aminoaxit l cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt.
12.07a Cu 29: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Axit axetic phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly dung dch mui va to ra cho tc dng vi kh
CO
2
li thu c axit axetic.
B. Phenol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl li
thu c phenol.
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C. Anilin phn ng vi dung dch HCl, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li
thu c anilin.
D. Dung dch natri phenolat phn ng vi kh CO2, ly kt ta va to ra cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH li thu c natri phenolat.
13.07a Cu 31: -aminoaxit X cha mt nhm -NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d),
thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH. D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
14.07a Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z (
ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn
dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23)
A.16,5 gam. B. 14,3 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 15,7 gam.
15.07a Cu 50: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt
kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn
phm c mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
.
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. D. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5.

16.Cd11Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong tetrapeptit mch h c 4 lin kt peptit.
B. Trong mi trng kim, ipeptit mch h t/d vi Cu(OH)
2
cho hp cht mu tm.
C. Cc peptit km bn trong mi trng baz nhng bn trong mi trng axit.
D. Amino axit l hp cht c tnh lng tnh.
17.Cd11Cu 21: Amino axit X c dng H
2
NRCOOH (R l gc hirocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X phn
ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch cha 11,15 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l
A.glyxin . B. valin. C. alanin. D. phenylalanin.
18.Cd11Cu 42: Hai cht no sau y u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. CH
3
NH
3
Cl v CH
3
NH
2
.
B. CH
3
NH
3
Cl v H
2
NCH
2
COONa.
C. CH
3
NH
2
v H
2
NCH
2
COOH
D. ClH
3
NCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
v H
2
NCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
.
19.10cd Cu 22: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh?
A. Phenylamoni clorua. B. Anilin. C. Glyxin. D. Etylamin.
20.10cd Cu 31: ng vi cng thc phn t C
2
H7O2N c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi
dung dch NaOH, va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl?
A.4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
21.09cd Cu 15: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N.
Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O ; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
CTCT ca X v Z ln lt l
A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
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B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH.
22.09cd Cu 18: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn
gi ca X l
A. metyl aminoaxetat. B. axit -aminopropionic.
C. axit -aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat.
23.09cd Cu 55: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t
C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C
cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH3CH2CH3. B. CH3COONH3CH3.
C. CH3CH2COONH4. D. HCOONH2(CH3)2.
24.09cd Cu 58: Cho tng cht H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3 ln lt tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH (to) v vi dung dch HCl (to). S phn ng xy ra l
A.3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
25.CD08Cu 20: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho
15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4
gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A.H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH.
C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH.
26: H2013 Amino axit X c cng thc
2 X Y 2
H NC H (COOH)
. Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2 lt dung
dch
2 4
H SO
0,5M, thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi dung dch gm NaOH 1M
v KOH 3M, thu c dung dch cha 36,7 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l
A. 9,524% B. 10,687% C. 10,526% D. 11,966%
Cu 27 H 2013: Trong cc dung dch
CH3-CH2-NH2, H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH,
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, s dung dch lm xanh qu tm l
A.4 B.1 C. 2 D.3
Cu 28 H 2013 Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml
dung dch NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H6COOH B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2
C. (H2N)2C4H7COOH D. H2NC2H4COOH
Cu 22 H 2012 Dung dch cht no sau y lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu hng?
A. axit -aminoglutaric B. Axit , c -iaminocaproic
C. Axit -aminopropionic D. Axit aminoaxetic.

PROTEIN TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 18: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.
B. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt
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peptit.
C. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit.
D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
2.11a Cu 20: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala (mch h) thu c hn hp
gm 28,48 gam Ala, 32 gam Ala-Ala v 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m l
A.81,54. B. 66,44. C. 111,74. D. 90,6.
3.11a Cu 55: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X
gm cc amino axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl trong phn
t). Nu cho 1/10 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th
lng mui khan thu c l
A.8,15 gam. B. 7,09 gam. C. 7,82 gam. D. 16,30 gam.
4.10a Cu 40: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu
c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin?
A.6. B. 9. C. 4. D. 3.
5.09a Cu 20: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NaCl.
C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. dung dch HCl.
6.10cd Cu 45: Nu thu phn khng hon ton pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly th thu c ti
a bao nhiu ipeptit khc nhau?
A.1. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
7.09cd Cu 50: Thu phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca X
bng 100.000 vC th s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l
A.453. B. 382. C. 328. D. 479.
8.10b Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no,
mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol
Y, thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn
phm thu c cho li t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120. B. 60. C. 30. D. 45.
9.10b Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol
alanin (Ala), 1 mol valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu
c ipeptit Val-Phe v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X
c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val. B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe.
C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly. D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly.
10.09b Cu 18: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
11.07b Cu 16: Mt trong nhng im khc nhau ca protit so vi lipit v glucoz l
A. protit lun cha chc hiroxyl. B. protit lun cha nit.
C. protit lun l cht hu c no. D. protit c khi lng phn t ln hn.
12.2013B Cu 24: Tripeptit X v tetrapeptit Y u mch h. Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm
X v Y ch to ra mt amino axit duy nht c cng thc H2NCnH2nCOOH. t chy 0,05 mol Y
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trong oxi d, thu c N2 v 36,3 gam hn hp gm CO2, H2O. t chy 0,01 mol X trong oxi
d, cho sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u
xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,55. B. 17,73. C. 23,64. D. 11,82.
13.2013A Cu 55: Peptit X b thy phn theo phng trnh phn ng X + 2H2O 2Y + Z (trong
Y v Z l cc amino axit). Thy phn hon ton 4,06 gam X thu c m gam Z. t chy hon
ton m gam Z cn va 1,68 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 2,64 gam CO2; 1,26 gam H2O v 224 ml
kh N2 (ktc). Bit Z c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Tn gi ca Y l
A. glyxin B. lysin C. axit glutamic D. alanin
14.2013A Cu 13: Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-
Glu. Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong c 30 gam
glyxin v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,6 B. 83,2 C. 87,4 D. 73,4

CHUYN 9 : POLIME - VT LIU POLIME

A-BI TP C BN

1. Hp cht no sau y khng th tham gia phn ng trng hp ?
A. axit amino axetic B. caprolactam C. metyl metacrylat D. buta-
1,3-dien
2. Hp cht hoc cp hp cht no sau y khng th tham gia phn ng trng ngng?
A. Phenol v fomandehit B. buta-1,3-dien v stiren
C. Axit adipic v hexammetylen iamin D. Axit e- aminocaproic
3. Loi cao su no sau y l kt qu ca phn ng ng trng hp ?
A. Cao su buna B. Cao su buna N C. Cao su isopren D. Cao su clopen
4. Polime no sau y thc t khng s dng lm cht do ?
A. Poli(metyl metacrilat) B. Cao su buna
C. Poli(viny clorua ) D. Poli(phenol fomandehit)
5. Loi t no sau y thng dng dt vi may qun o m hoc bn thnh si len dt o rt
?
A. T capron B. T nilon 6 6 C. T lapsan D. T nitron
6. T nilon 6 6 l:
A. Hexancloxiclohexan B. Poliamit ca axit c -
aminocaproic
C. Poliamit ca axit adipic v hexametylendiamin D. Polieste ca axit adipic v etylen
glycol
7. Dng Polivinyl axetat c th lm c vt liu no sau y ?
A. cht do B. cao su C. T D. Keo dn
8. Trong cc Polime sau: t tm, si bng, len, t enang, t visco, t nilon 6 6, t axetat. Loi t
c ngun gc xenluloz l:
A. si bng, len, t axetat, t visco B. t tm, si bng, nilon 6-6
C. si bng, len, nilon 6-6 D. t visdo, nilon 6-6, t axetat
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9. Phn ng trng hp l phn ng:
A. Cng hp lin tip phn t nh (Monome) ging nhau thnh mt phn t ln (Polime)
B. Cng hp lin tip phn t nh (Monome) ging nhau thnh mt phn t ln (Polime) v gii
phng phn t nh
C. Cng hp lin tip phn t nh (Monome) thnh mt phn t ln (Polime) v gii phng phn
t nh
D. Cng hp lin tip phn t nh (Monome) ging nhau hoc gn ging nhau thnh mt
phn t ln (Polime)
10. Cht no sau y to phn ng trng ngng ?
A. Acol etylic v hexametylendiamin B. axit- amino enantoic
C. axit stearic v etylenglicol D. axit oleic v glixerol
11. T si axetat c sn xut t:
A. Visco B. Vinyl axetat C. Axeton D. Este ca xenluloz v axit axetic
12. S kt hp cc phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (Polime) ng thi c loi ra cc phn
t nh ( nh: nc, amoniac, hidro clorua,) c gi l:
A. S peptit ha B. S Polime ha C. S tng hp D. S trng
ngng
13. T enang c tng hp t nguyn liu no sau y ?
A.
2 2 3
( ) OO NH CH C H B.
2 2 4
( ) OO NH CH C H
C.
2 2 5
( ) OO NH CH C H D.
2 2 6
( ) OO NH CH C H
14. Khi phn tch polistiren ta c monome no sau y ?
A.
2 2
C H B.
3 2
CH CH CH =
C.
6 5 2
C H CH CH = D.
2 2
CH CH CH CH = =
15. Hp cht c CTCT : | |
2 5
( ) NH CH CO n c tn l:
A. t enang B. t capron C. t nilon D. t lapsan
16. Hp cht c cng thc cu to l: | |
2 6 2 4
( ) ( ) NH CH NHCO CH CO n c tn l:
A. t enang B. t nilon 6-6 C. t capron D. t lapsan
18. Hp cht c CTCT l: | |
2 2 6 4
( ) OO O CH C C H CO n c tn l:
A. t enang B. t nilon C. t capron D. t lapsan
19. T visco l thuc loi:
A. T thin nhin c ngun gc thc vt B. T tng hp
C. T thin nhin c ngun gc ng vt D. T nhn to
22. Cht no sau y khng l polime?
A. tinh bt B. thy tinh hu c C. isopren D. Xenluloz triaxetat
23. Polime no sau y c dng phn nhnh?
A. Polivnylclorua B. Amilo pectin C. Polietylen D. Polimetyl metacrylat
25. Polime no c th tham gia phn ng cng hidro?
A. Poli pripen B. Cao su buna C. Polivyl clorua D. Nilon 6-6
26. Polime no c th thy phn trong dd kim ?
A. T capron B. Poli stiren C. Teflon D. Poli phenolfomandehit
27. Polime no va c th cho phn ng cng vi
2
H , va c th b thy phn trong dd baz.
A. Xenluloz trinirat B. Cao su isopren C. Cao su clopren D. thy tinh hu c
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28. c im cu to ca monome tham gia p trng ngng l:
A. Phi c lin kt bi B. Phi c 2 nhm chc tr ln c th cho ngng t
C. Phi c nhm
2
NH D. Phi c nhm OH
29. Tm pht biu sai:
A. T visco l t thin nhin v xut x t si Xenluloz B. T nilon 6-6 l t tng hp
C. t ha hc gm 2 loi l t nhn to v t tng hp D. t tm l t thin nhin
30. Tm cu ng trong cc cu sau :
A. phn t polime do nhiu phn t nh (gi l mt xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn
B. monome vad mt xch trong phn t polime ch l mt
C. si Xenluloz c th b depolime ha khi b un nng
D. cao su lu ha l polime thin nhin ca isopren
31. Polime no c tnh cch in tt, bn c dng lm ng dn nc, vi che ma, vt liu
in,?
A. Cao su thin nhin B. polivinyl clorua C. polietylen D. thy tinh hu c
32. Ch ra u khng phi l polime?
A. Amiloz B. Xemluloz C. thy tinh hu c D. Lipit
33. Cho cc polime: cao su buna, amilopectin, xenluloz, cao su clopren, t nilon, teflon. C bao
nhiu polime thin nhin?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4
34. Loi cht no sau y khng phi l polime tng hp?
A. Teflon B. t capron C. t tm D. t nilon
35. Cho cc polime: poli(vinylclorua), xenluloz, amiloz, amilopectin. C bao nhiu polime c
cu trc mch thng
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4
36. Polime no c cu trc dng phn nhnh?
A. xenluloz B. amilopectin C. Cao su lu ha D. c A, B, C
37. Polime no khng tan trong mi dung mi v bn vng nht v mt ha hc?
A. PVC B. Cao su lu ha C. Teflon D. T nilon
38. Polime khng c nhit nng chy do?
A. Polime c phn t khi ln
B. Polime c lc lin kt gia cc phn t ln
C. Polime l hn hp nhiu phn t c phn t khi ln D. C A, B, C
39. Polime no c th tham gia phn ng cng?
A. Polietilen B. Cao su t nhin C. Teflon D. thy tinh hu c
40. Polime no c tng hp t phn ng trng hp?
A. cao su lu hoa B. Cao su buna C. T nilon D. C A, B, C
41. Polime c tng hp t phn ng trng hp?
A. T tm B. T capron C. T nilon D. C A, B, C
42. tit kim polime, ng thi tng thm mt s c tnh cho cht do, ngi ta cho vo
cht do thnh phn
A. Cht ha do B. Cht n C. Cht ph gia D. Polime thin nhin
44. Thnh phn chnh ca nha bakelit l:
A. Polistiren B. Poli(vinyl clorua)
C. Nha phenolfomandehit D. Poli(metylmetacrilat)
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46. Nhng polime thin nhin hoc tng hp c th ko thnh si Di v mnh gi l:
A. Cht do B. Cao su C. T D. Si
49. Polime c phn ng:
A. Phn ct mch polime B. Gia nguyn mch polime
C. Pht trin mch polime D. C A, B, C
50. T nitron thuc loi t:
A. Poliamit B. Polieste C. vinylic D. Thin nhin
52. Dy gm tt c cc polime u tc dng vi dd NaOH un nng:
A. Tinh bt, t tm, poli(vinyl axetat) B. T capron, poli(vinyl axetat)
C. Poli(vinyl axetat), xenluloz, t nilon 6-6 D. T clorin, poli(metyl metacrylat), polietilen
53. Polime X c cng thc ( | |
2
5
) NH CH CO n . Pht biu no sau y khng ng:
A. X thuc poliamit D. % khi lng C trong X khng thay i vi mi gi tr ca n
B. X c th ko si. C. X ch c to ra r phn ng trng ngng
54. Nhn nh no sau y khng ng?
A. T tm, bng, cao su, tinh bt l polime thin nhin
B. T capron, t enang, t clorin v nilon 6-6 l t tng hp
C. Cht do l nhng vt liu bi bin dng di tc dng ca nhit , p sut v gi nguyn s
bin dng y khi thi tc dng
D. T capron, t enang, t clorin v nilon 6-6 b phn hy c trong mi trng axit v baz
55. PS l sn phm ca phn ng trng hp monome no sau y
A.
2 2
CH CH = B.
2
CH CHCl = C.
6 5 2
C H CH CH = D.
2 2
CH CH CH CH = =
57. Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O (u l nhng dn xut ca benzen) c tnh
cht: tch nc to thnh sn phm c th trng hp to ra polime, khng tc dng vi NaOH. S
lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O, tho mn tnh cht trn l
A. 1. B. 2 C. 3. D. 4.
58. Nilon 6,6 l mt loi:
A. T axetat. B. T poliamit. C. Polieste. D. T visco.
59. Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon 6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang, nhng
loi t no thuc loi t nhn to?
A. T visco v t axetat. B. T nilon 6,6 v t capron.
C. T tm v t enang. D. T visco v t nilon 6,6
60. C mt s hp cht sau: (1) etilen, (2) vinyl clorua, (3) axit aipic, (4) phenol, (5) acrilonitrin,
(6) buta 1,3 ien. Nhng cht no c th tham gia phn ng trng hp:
A. (1), (2), (5), (6). B. (1), (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (4), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).
62. Hp cht no sau y khng th tham gia phn ng trng hp?
A. Isopren. B. Metyl metacrylat. C. Caprolactam. D. Axit - aminocaproic c .
63. Cp cht no sau y khng th tham gia phn ng trng ngng?
A. Phenol v fomanehit. B. Buta 1,3 ien v stiren.
C. Axit aipic v hexametylen iamin. D. Axit terephtalic v etylen glicol
64. Trong s cc polime sau: (1) t tm, (2) si bng, (3) len, (4) t enang, (5) t visco, (6) nilon 6,6,
(7) t axetat. Loi t c ngun gc xenluloz l
A. (1), (2), (6). B. (2), (3), (7). C. (2), (3), (5). D. (2), (5), (7).
65. Polime [HN (CH
2
)
5
CO]
n
c iu ch nh loi phn ng no sau y ?
A. Trng hp. B. Trng ngng. C. Cng hp. D. Trng hp hoc trng ngng.
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66. Cho s bin ha sau (mi mi tn l 1 phn ng):


E
X
Y
G T metan
axit metacrylic
F polimetyl metacrylic
+ HCl

Cng thc cu to ca E l
A. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
.
C. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)OOCC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
COOC(CH
3
) = CH
2
.
67. Trong cc polime sau: xenluloz, nha phenol fomanehit, xenluloz nitrat, cao su. Polime
tng hp l
A. Xenluloz. B. Cao su. C. Xenluloz nitrat. D. Nha phenol fomanehit.
69. Hp cht no khng th trng hp thnh polime.
A. Stiren. B. Axit acrylic C. Axit picric. D. Vinylclorua
70. Poli(metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l:
A. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH
2
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
D. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
71. Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-
terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng
ngng l:
A. (1), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (5).
72. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng?
A. poliacrilonitrin. B. poli(metyl metacrylat). C. polistiren. D. poli(etylen terephtalat)
73. Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. B. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
CH
2
OH v CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
.
74. Cao su buna c to thnh t buta-1,3-ien bng phn ng
A. trng hp B. trng ngng C. cng hp D. phn ng th
75. Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng ngng l :
A. glyxin. B. axit terephtaric. C. axit axetic. D. etylen glycol.
76. T nilon -6,6 thuc loi:
A. t nhn to. B. t bn tng hp C. t thin nhin. D. t tng hp
77. T monome na o sau y co th i u ch c poli (vinyl ancol)?
A. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH-OCOCH
3
.
C. CH
2
=CH-COOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
78. Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l:
A. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua.
B. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
C. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
D. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen
79.(C 2011) Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli (metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, (4)
polistiren, (5) poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6. Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b
thu phn trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim l:
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A. (2),(3),(6) B. (2),(5),(6) C. (1),(4),(5) D. (1),(2),(5)
80. (HKB-2011) Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6.
C bao nhiu t thuc loi t poliamit?
A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 D. 3
81.(HKA-2011) Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua. B. Trng ngng axit c-aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit
aipic.
82.(HKA-2011) Cho s phn ng:

CHCH X; X polime Y; X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
polime
Z
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A.T capron v cao su buna. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N. D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.
B. GII TON POLIME

- S mt xch = s phn t monome = h s polime ha (n) =
23
6, 02.10 . s mol mt xch
(Lu : s mt xch phi l s t nhin, nu l phi lm trn)
- H s polime ha (n) = h s trng hp
lim lim
ono ono
po e po e
m me m me
m M
m M
= =
- Loi polime (da vo phn t khi) v s lng polime (da vo nhm chc)
- LBT khi lng:
0
, ,
ono lim
xt p t
M me po e (cao su, nha, thy tinh, t, cht do) + monome d
- Cc loi polime thng gp:

Tn gi Cng thc Phn t khi (M)
Poli vinylclorua (PVC) (-CH
2
CHCl-)
n
62,5n
Poli etilen (PE) (-CH
2
CH
2
-)
n
28n
Cao su thin nhin [-CH
2
C(CH
3
)=CH-CH
2
-]
n
68n
Cao su clopren (-CH
2
-CCl=CH-CH
2
-)
n
88,5n
Cao su buna (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-)
n
54n
Poli propilen (PP) [-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-]
n
42n
Teflon (-CF
2
-CF
2
-)
n
100n

1. Phn t khi trung bnh ca polietilen X l 420000. H s polime ho ca PE l
A. 12.000 B. 13.000 C. 15.000 D. 17.000
2. Nu t chy ht m gam poli etilen cn dng 6720 lt O
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m v h s polime
ha l
A. 2,8kg v 100 B. 5,6kg v 50 C. 8,4kg v 50 D. 4,2kg v 200
3. Mt polime X c xc nh c phn t khi l 78125 vc vi h s trng hp to polime
ny l 1250. X l
A. PVC B. PP C. PE D. Teflon
+HCN
trng hp
ng trng hp
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4. Clo ha PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,9% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo phn
ng vi n mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca n l
A. 3 B. 6 C. 4 D. 5
5. tng hp 120 kg poli (metyl metacrylat) vi hiu sut ca qu trnh ho este l 60% v qu
trnh trng hp l 80% th cn cc lng axit v ancol ln lt l
A. 170 kg v 80 kg B. 85 kg v 40 kg C. 172 kg v 84 kg D. 86 kg v
42 kg
6. Da nhn to (PVC) c iu ch t kh thin nhin (CH
4
). Nu hiu sut ca ton b qu trnh
l 20% th iu ch 1 tn PVC phi cn mt th tch metan l:
A. 3500m
3
B. 3560m
3
C. 3584m
3
D. 5500m
3


Mun tng hp 1 tn PVC cn bao nhiu m
3
kh thin nhin ( ktc).
A. 5589. B. 5883. C. 2941. D. 5880.
8. Ly lng ancol v axit sn xut 1 tn thy tinh hu c. Bit hiu sut trng hp l 80% v
hiu sut este ha l 50%. Khi lng ancol v axit ln lt l:
A. 0,8 tn v 4,5 tn B. 0,8 tn v 1,15 tn
C. 0,8 tn v 1,25 tn D. 1,8 tn v 1,5 tn
9. T 4 tn C
2
H
4
c cha 30% tp cht c th iu ch bao nhiu tn PE ? (Bit hiu sut phn ng
l 90%)
A. 2,55 B. 2,8 C. 2,52 D.3,6
10 Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch t capron l
17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt l
A. 113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.


B-BI TP NNG CAO

1.11a Cu 29: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
B. Trng hp vinyl xianua
C. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.
D. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
2.11a Cu 52: Cho s phn ng:
X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
ng trng hp
Polime Z
;
CH CH
+HCN
X
trng hp
polime Y

Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
7. PVC c iu ch t kh thin nhin (CH
4
chim 95% th tch kh thin nhin) theo s
chuyn ha v hiu sut ca mi giai on nh sau:
hiu sut 15% hiu sut 95% hiu sut 90%
Metan axetilen vinylclorua PVC
.
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A. T olon v cao su buna-N. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. D. T capron v cao su buna.
3.10a Cu 52: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4)
poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat),
Cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
4.09a Cu 29: Poli(metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
C. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
D. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
5.08a Cu 43: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC.
tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
(bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A.358,4. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 224,0.
6.07a Cu 13: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1
phn t clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A.3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
7.Cd11Cu 1: Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli(metyl metacrylat),
(3) polibutaien, (4) polistiren, (5) poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6.
Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim l:
A.(1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (5). C. (2), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (6).
8.10cd Cu 35: Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng?
A. poli(metyl metacrylat). B. poli(etylen terephtalat).
C. polistiren. D. poliacrilonitrin.
9.09cd Cu 34: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT
10.CD08Cu 25: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH.
B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.
C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2.
D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.
11.Cd07Cu 49: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn
ng trng hp
A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.
C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
12.Cd07Cu 50: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t
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enang, nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to?
A. T tm v t enang. B. T visco v t nilon-6,6.
C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. T visco v t axetat.
13.11b Cu 36: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C
bao nhiu t thuc loi t poliamit?
A.1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
14.10b Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l:
A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen.
B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna.
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren.
D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren.
15.10b Cu 37: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
C2H2
t
o
,xt
X
+H
2
,t
o
Pd,PbCO
3
Y
+Z
t
o
,xt,p
Cao su buna-N.
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac.
B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien.
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren.
D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin.
16.10b Cu 40: Trong cc cht: xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl
ete, s cht p nc brom l
A.5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 3.
17.09b Cu 23: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l:
A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
B. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen.
C. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en
D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua
18.09b Cu 37: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. T visco l t tng hp.
B. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
C. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit).
D. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c /c bng p trng ngng cc monome tng ng.
19.09b Cu 44: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom
B. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
D. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
20.08b Cu 35: Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l
A. PE. B. amilopectin. C. PVC. D. nha bakelit.
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177
21.10a Cu 23: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6.
S t tng hp l
A.5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
22.07a Cu 28: Nilon6,6 l mt loi
A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t visco
23.2013B Cu 35: Trong cc polime: t tm, si bng, t visco, t nilon-6, t nitron, nhng polime
c ngun gc t xenluloz l
A. t tm, si bng v t nitron B. t visco v t nilon-6
C. si bng, t visco v t nilon-6 D. si bng v t visco
24. H A 2013Cu 18: T nilon-6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca
A. etylen glicol v hexametyleniamin
B. axit aipic v glixerol
C. axit aipic v etylen glicol.
D. axit aipic v hexametyleniamin
25. H A 20012: C cc cht sau : keo dn ure-fomanehit; t lapsan; t nilon-6,6; protein; si
bng; amoniaxetat; nha novolac. Trong cc cht trn, c bao nhiu cht m trong phn t ca
chng c cha nhm NH-CO-?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6
HD: t nilon-6,6 v t lapsan


Nha novolac:
- un nng hn hp fomanehit v phenol ly d vi xc tc axit c nha novolac mch khng
phn nhnh (cu ni metylen CH2 c th v tr ortho hoc para)
- Nha nhit do, d nng chy, tan trong mt s dung mi hu c, dng sn xut vecni, sn
Keo dn ure fomanehit

Poli(ure fomanehit)
Tm li: Ure-fomanehit: (-NH-CO-NH-CH2-)n; t nilon-6,6: (-NH-[CH2]6-NH-CO-[CH2]4-CO-
)n
Protein: l cc polipeptit nn c lk -CO-NH-


TNG HP THI I HC-CAO NG HA HU C

HIDROCACBON TRONG CC THI I HC CAO NG (2007-2012)
2007
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Cu 1: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn
khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5)
A. C3H4. B. C3H6. C. C2H4. D. C4H8.
Cu 2: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). B. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
C. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). D. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
Cu 3: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z
gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40)
C. 30. B. 10. C. 20. D. 40.
Cu 4: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton
hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z
c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C3H4. B. C3H8. C. C3H6. D. C4H8.
Cu 5: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
C. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. D. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
Cu 6: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
C. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. D. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
Cu 7: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2
gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. HOCH2C6H4COOH.
C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. C6H4(OH)2.
Cu 8: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i
vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan.
C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
Cu 9: Oxi ho 4,48 lt C2H4 ( ktc) bng O2 (xc tc PdCl2, CuCl2), thu c cht X n chc.
Ton b lng cht X trn cho tc dng vi HCN (d) th c 7,1 gam CH3CH(CN)OH
(xianohirin). Hiu sut qu trnh to CH3CH(CN)OH t C2H4 l
A. 70%. B. 50%. C. 60%. D. 80%.
2008
Cu 10: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi
gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d)
th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch
brom tng l
A 1,04 gam. B. 1,32 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,20 gam.
Cu 11: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 12: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
B. 20,40 gam. B. 18,60 gam. C. 18,96 gam. D. 16,80
gam.
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Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo
s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh
thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 224,0.
Cu 14: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch
kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. C6H14. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12.
Cu 15: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3,
CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 16: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu
cl
A.2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 17: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy
hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc
th tch kh u o ktc)
A.CH4 v C3H6. B. C2H6 v C3H6. C. CH4 v C3H4. D. CH4 v C2H4.

Cu 18: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen
+
o
2
t Fe, 1)/ : (1 Br
X
+
o
t p, (du)/ NaOH
Y
+ (du) HCl
Z

Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Cu 18: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc
ba
trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin nhit
,
p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A.4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 19: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi
lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken.
Cu 20: Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2 (anilin),
C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6 (benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 7. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8.
Cu 21: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v
2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca
X l
B. C2H4. B. CH4. C. C2H6. D. C3H8.
Cu 22: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy
ng ng ca
A. anken. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. ankin.
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Cu 23: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th
tch
CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca
X so vi kh hiro l
A . 11,1. B. 12,9. C. 22,2. D. 25,8.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO2
bng s mol H2O. Thnh phn phn trm v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l
A . 50% v 50%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 35% v 65%.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X
tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X
l
A. 2-Metylbutan. B. 2-Metylpropan. C. etan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan
2009
Cu 26: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l
A. xiclohexan. B. xiclopropan. C. stiren. D. etilen.
Cu 27: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn
hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N
ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
C. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Cu 28: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu
c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
Cu 29: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H
2
v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian vi xc
tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo
dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,0. B. 3,2. C. 8,0. D. 32,0.
Cu 30: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy
gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H
2
(d, xc tc Ni, t
o
), cho cng mt sn phm l:
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan.
Cu 31: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy
nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13.
Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH2=C(CH3)2. B. CH2=CH2.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. D. CH3-CH=CH-CH3.
Cu 32 Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l:
A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
B. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen.
C. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua.
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Cu 33 Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp
kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th
tch ca CH4 c trong X l
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%.
Cu 34 Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht
hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm
hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en. B. xiclopropan. C. but-2-en. D. propilen.
2010
Cu 37: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc
Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn
ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi
H2 l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,585. B. 0,620. C. 0,205. D. 0,328.
Cu 38: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon
ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi
nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v
hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H4 v C3H6. C. C2H6 v C3H8. D. C3H6 v C4H8.
Cu 39: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l
A. 3-etylpent-3-en. B. 2-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35
gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8. B. C2H6. C. C3H4. D. C3H6.
Cu 41: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35
gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8. B. C2H6. C. C3H4. D. C3H6.
Cu 43: Trong cc cht: xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s
cht c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 3.
Cu 44: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn
ng cng H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
o
)?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hai hirocacbon X v Y (MY > MX), thu
c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H4. B. CH4. C. C2H6. D. C2H2.
Cu 46: Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3, to), thu c hn
hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H2. B. C4H6. C. C5H8. D. C3H4.
Cu 47: Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?
A. 2-clopropen. B. But-2-en. C. 1,2-icloetan. D. But-2-in.
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2011
Cu 48: Hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc
tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
2
v H
2
. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d)
th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 8. Th tch O
2
(ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 22,4 lt. B. 26,88 lt. C. 44,8 lt. D. 33,6 lt.
Cu 49: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn
tnh cht trn?
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 50: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
(s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu
c 0,09 mol CO
2
. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca
C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
trong X ln lt l:
A. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CCH.
C. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CCH. D. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
.
Cu 51: Cho buta-1,3-ien phn ng cng vi Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng
phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu 52: Cho s phn ng:
CHCH X; X Y; X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
polime Z.
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A. T olon v cao su buna-N. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. D. T capron v cao su buna.
Cu 53: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
Benzen X Y Z(trong X, Y, Z l sn phm
chnh).
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. benzylbromua v toluen. B. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren.
C. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren. D. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren.
Cu 54: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon
ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit
trong hn hp M l
A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 50%. D. 20%.
Cu 55: Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H2 l 17. t
chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,3. B. 6,6. C. 3,39. D. 5,85.
Cu 56: S ng phn cu to ca C5H10 phn ng c vi dung dch brom l
A. 8. B. 7. C. 9. D. 5.
+HCN
Trng hp
+C2H4, to, xt +Br2, as, t l mol 1:1
+KOH/C2H5OH t
o

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Cu 57: Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8, C4H6 v
H2. T khi ca X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom
ti a phn ng l
A. 0,24 mol. B. 0,36 mol. C. 0,60 mol. D. 0,48 mol.
Cu 58: Sn phm ch yu trong hn hp thu c khi cho toluen phn ng vi brom theo t l s
mol 1:1 (c mt bt st) l
A. p-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen. B. benzyl bromua.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen.
Cu 59: Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?
A. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
. B. CH
3
-CH=C(CH
3
)
2
.
C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Cu 60: Cho s phn ng:
CH4 Y T CH3COOH
(X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng).
Cht T trong s trn l
A.C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
CHO. C. CH
3
OH. D. CH
3
COONa.
2012
Cu 63: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO
4
trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton
b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 44,16
gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l
A. 60%. B. 80%. C. 92%. D. 70%.
Cu 64: t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn
va 10,5 lt O
2
(cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ha hon ton
X trong iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong khi lng ancol bc hai bng
6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol bc mt (c s
nguyn t cacbon ln hn) trong Y l
A. 46,43%. B. 10,88%. C. 31,58%. D. 7,89%.
Cu 65: t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng) ri em
ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. Sau cc phn ng thu c
39,4 gam kt ta v khi lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. CH
4
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
2
H
4
.
Cu 66: Cho dy cc cht: stiren, ancol benzylic, anilin, toluen, phenol (C
6
H
5
OH). S cht trong
dy c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 67: Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c
th c ca X l
A. 6. B. 7. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 68: Hn hp X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi H
2
l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c
hn hp Y c t khi so vi H
2
l 12,5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 70%. B. 80%. C. 60%. D. 50%.
+ X (xt, to) + Z (xt, to) + M (xt, to)
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Cu 69: Cho dy cc cht: cumen, stiren, isopren, xiclohexan, axetilen, benzen. S cht trong dy
lm mt mu dung dch brom l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 70: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H
2
. Nung nng hn hp X (xc tc Ni)
mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H
2
bng 10. Dn hn hp Y qua dung dch
brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l
A. 0 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 8 gam. D. 16 gam.

ANEHYT-XETON TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG T 2007-2012

Cu 1 (H A/07): Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO
3
long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O
= 16)
A. CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. CH
2
= CHCHO
Cu 2 (H A/07): Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong
dung dch NH
3
, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn
ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108)
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)CHO
Cu 3 (H B/07): Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O)
trong dung dch NH
3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. CH
2
=CH-CHO. D. OHC-CHO.
Cu 4 (H B/07): Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln
lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO.
Cu 5 (H A/08): un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra
H
2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc.
C. no, n chc. D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n
chc.
Cu 6 (H A/08): Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp
hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag
2
O
(hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 7 (H A/08): Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag
2
O
(hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam
Ag bng dung dch HNO
3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc
ca X l
A. C
3
H
7
CHO. B. HCHO. C. C
4
H
9
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
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Cu 8 (H B/08) : Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH
3
OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c
hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H
2
O v CH
3
OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng
d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi
ho CH
3
OH l
A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.
Cu 9 (C 08): Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d
Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng Ag to thnh l
A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 43,2 gam. D. 64,8 gam.
Cu 10 (C 08): t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Nu
cho X tc dng vi lng d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, sinh ra s mol Ag gp
bn ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO. B. (CHO)
2
. C. CH
3
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Cu 11(C 08): Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH,
HCOOCH
3
. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 12(C 08): Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c
duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHOH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
.
Cu 13 (H A/09): Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H
2
i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung
nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t
chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H
2
O v 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca
H
2
trong X l
A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%.
Cu 14 (H A/09): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni,
t
o
) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung
l
A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n 0). B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n 0).
C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2). D. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n 2).
Cu 15 (C A/09): Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng
thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO. B. HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
C. C
2
H
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO.
Cu 16 (C A/09): Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc,
mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi
lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO
2
. Cng thc
v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH
3
CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH
3
CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%.
Cu 17 (H B/09): Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch
h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t
chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
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A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8.
Cu 18 (H B/09): Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp,
thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5.
Cu 19 (H A/10): Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8
gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3,
thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l:
A. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH. B. CH3OH, C2H5OH.
C. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH. D. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH.
Cu 20 (H A/10): Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni
ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,5. B. 10,9. C. 14,3. D. 10,2.
Cu 21 (C B/10): Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht
hu c X. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl phenyl xeton. B. metyl vinyl xeton. C. imetyl xeton. D. propanal.
Cu 22 (H B/10): Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y,
c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) v 7,2 gam H
2
O. Hirocacbon Y l
A. CH4. B. C2H2. C. C3H6. D. C2H4.
Cu 23 (H A/11): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng th tch hi nc
(trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l
A. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. B. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
C. anehit axetic. D. anehit fomic.
Cu 24 (H A/11): Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
A. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom.
B. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
C. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.
D. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H
2
O to thnh sn phm khng bn.
Cu 25 (H B/11): hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng
1,64 gam, cn1,12 lt H
2
(ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d
dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong
X l
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO v OHC-CHO. B. OHC-CH
2
-CHO v OHC-CHO.
C. H-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO. D. CH
2
=CH-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO.
Cu 26 (H B/11): Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh
hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi
dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO
2
(ktc). Tn ca Z l
A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit butiric. C. anehit propionic. D. anehit axetic.
Cu 27 (H B/11): X l hn hp gm H
2
v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h,
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phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc
tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri
cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 22,4. B. 13,44. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.
Cu 28 (H A/12): Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO
4
trong mi trng axit, un
nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l
A. 60%. B. 80%. C. 92%. D. 70%.
Cu 29 (H B/12): Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit
cacboxylic, mt anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai phn bng
nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Phn hai cho
phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ho l
A. 50,00%. B. 62,50%. C. 31,25%. D. 40,00%.
Cu 30 (H B/12): Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 27 gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va
0,5 mol H
2
. Dy ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l
A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n 0). B. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n 2).
C. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n 0). D. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2).

AXIT CABOXYLIC TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG T (2007-2012)

Cu 1: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28
gam
mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (
A. CH2=CH-COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCC-COOH. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH.
Cu 2: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng
t ti
trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.
Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
ln
lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO
3
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2
( ktc),
thu
c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V
l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.
Cu 5: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v imetyl ete
(T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z.
Cu 6: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung
dch
NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C
2
H
5
COOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Cu 7: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag
2
O
(hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi
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lng Ag to thnh l
A. 43,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 64,8 gam. D. 21,6 gam.
Cu 8: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic
l:
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO
B. CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz), CH
3
OH D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CHO
Cu 10: Cho cc cht HCl (X); C
2
H
5
OH (Y); CH
3
COOH (Z); C
6
H
5
OH (phenol) (T). Dy gm
cc cht c sp xp theo tnh axit tng dn (t tri sang phi) l:
A. (T), (Y), (X), (Z). C. (Y), (T), (Z), (X).
B. (X), (Z), (T), (Y). D.(Y),(T), (X),(Z).
Cu 11: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. C X v Y u tc dng
vi Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO
3
cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng
thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
COCH
3
.
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm C
x
H
y
COOH, C
x
H
y
COOCH
3
,
CH
3
OH thu c
2,688 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 1,8 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam X phn ng va vi 30
ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH
3
OH. Cng thc ca
C
x
H
y
COOH l
A. C
3
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. C2H3COOH. D. C
2
H
5
COOH.
Cu 13: Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng
hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung
dch Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
3
H
4
O
2
. B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2.
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2
. D. C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2
.
Cu 14: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
. Cht X phn ng c vi kim
loi Na v tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan
c CaCO
3
. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH
3
COOH, HOCH
2
CHO. B. HCOOCH
3
, HOCH
2
CHO.
C. HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
COOH. D. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH.
Cu 15: Axit cacboxylic X c cng thc n gin nht l C
3
H
5
O
2
. Khi cho 100 ml dung dch
axit X nng 0,1M phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO
3
(d), thu c V ml kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 448. B. 224. C. 112. D. 336.
Cu 16: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp
X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu
sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20.
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Cu 17: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a
mol Y
cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y
l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
-COOH.
C. CH
3
-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH.
Cu 18: Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch
tng
ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t
in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x - 2. D. y = x + 2.
Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH X + Y
X + H
2
SO
4
long Z + T
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:
A. HCHO, CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO, HCOOH.
C. CH3CHO, HCOOH. D. HCOONa, CH
3
CHO.
Cu 20: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml
dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi
lng l
A. 8,64 gam. B. 6,84 gam. C. 4,90 gam. D. 6,80 gam.
Cu 21: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
, vy cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C6H8O6. B. C
3
H
4
O
3
. C. C
12
H
16
O
12
. D. C
9
H
12
O
9
.
Cu 22: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch
gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn
khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Cu 23 Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3
mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 24: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi
l:
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO. B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH,
CH3COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH,
CH
3
CHO.
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t
cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh
H
2
( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn v
phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
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A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
Cu 26: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH
2
=CH-COOH, CH
3
COOH v CH
2
=CH-CHO
phn
ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng
va
40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH
2
=CH-COOH trong
X l
A. 0,56 gam. B. 1,44 gam. C. 0,72 gam. D. 2,88 gam.
Cu 27: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Bit
25
o
C, K
a
ca CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch
X 25
o
C l
A. 1,00. B. 4,24. C. 2,88. D. 4,76.
Cu 28: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi
kim loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit propanoic. B. axit etanoic. C. axit metanoic. D. axit butanoic.
Cu 29: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Nu un nng hn
hp X (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to
thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ho t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn
hp X l
A. C
3
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH.
Cu 30: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ho m gam X cn
40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232
lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005.
Cu 31: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C
3
H
7
NO
2
, u l cht rn
iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c
phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat.
D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic.
Cu 32: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M
X
> M
Y
) c tng khi lng l
8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam
mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu
c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C
3
H
5
COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%.
Cu 33: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
o
), to ra sn phm c kh nng
phn
ng vi Na l:
A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH. B. C
2
H
3
CHO, CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
,
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C
6
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH. D. CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
3
COOH.
Cu 34 Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol
Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha
0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
OH. B. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
OH.
C. HCOOH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. CH3COOH v C2H5OH.
Cu 35: Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi pha long 10 ln dung dch trn th thu c dung dch c pH = 4.
B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dung dch HCl.
C. Khi pha long dung dch trn th in li ca axit fomic tng.
D. in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch trn l 14,29%.
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng
vi NaHCO
3
(d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam
X cn 8,96 lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO
2
v y mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,2. B. 0,3. C. 0,6. D. 0,8.
Cu 37: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v
axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d). Sau phn ng thu
c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban
u thay i nh th no?
A. Gim 7,38 gam. B. Tng 2,70 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,74 gam.
Cu 40: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c
axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng
hon ton vi
43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca
V l
A. 0,72. B. 0,24. C. 0,48. D. 0,96.

2011
Cu 45: Cho m gam cht hu c n chc X tc dng va vi 50 gam dung dch NaOH
8%, sau
khi phn ng hon ton thu c 9,6 gam mui ca mt axit hu c v 3,2 gam mt ancol.
Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. . D. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
Cu 46: Dy gm cc cht xp theo chiu lc axit tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, CH
2
ClCOOH,
CHCl
2
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, (CH
3
)
2
CHCOOH. D. C
6
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
OH.

2012
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m gam X phn
ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO
3
thu c 1,344 lt CO
2
(ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X
cn 2,016 lt O
2
(ktc), thu c 4,84 gam CO
2
v a gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca a l
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A. 1,62. B. 1,44. C. 3,60. D. 1,80.
Cu 48: t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch
h v mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3
mol CO
2
v
0,4 mol H
2
O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu c m
gam
este. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,16. B. 4,08. C. 2,04. D. 6,12.
Cu 49: Ha hi 8,64 gam hn hp gm mt axit no, n chc, mch h X v mt axit no, a
chc Y (c mch cacbon h, khng phn nhnh) thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca
2,8 gam N
2
(o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). t chy hon ton 8,64 gam hn hp
hai axit trn thu c 11,44 gam CO
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l
A. 72,22%. B. 27,78%. C. 35,25%. D. 65,15%.
Cu 50: Cho 21 gam hn hp gm glyxin v axit axetic tc dng va vi dung dch KOH,
thu c dung dch X cha 32,4 gam mui. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c
dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,65. B. 50,65. C. 22,35. D. 33,50.

ESTE TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG T 2007-2012

Cu 1: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch
gm
4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu
c Z. Tn ca X l
A. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat. C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat.
Cu 2: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu
c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch
NH
3
thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y.
Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3
.
Cu 3: S hp cht n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
,
u
tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 4: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng
x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to
ph hp vi X?
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 5: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
) mch h v O
2
(s mol
O
2
gp i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9
o
C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy
hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. X c cng
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thc phn t l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. CH
2
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C3H6O2.
Cu 6: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam
este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 7: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v
C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 8: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th
tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
(o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X v Y
l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16)
A. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3
.
B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3.

C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2.
D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5.
Cu 9: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm
hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic.
Cu 10: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300
ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn
khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
2
-CH
3
.
C. CH3 -COO-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COO-CH=CH
2
.
Cu 11: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v
CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn
dng l
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
Cu 12: Hai cht hu c X
1
v X
2
u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X
1
c kh nng
phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. X
2
phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn
ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X
1
, X
2
ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. H-COO-CH
3
, CH
3
-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Cu 13: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v
c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca
X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2 gam H
2
O. Mt khc,
nu un nng M vi H
2
SO
4
c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam
este thu c l
A. 22,80. B. 34,20. C. 27,36. D. 18,24.
Cu 14: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml
dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v
mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36
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lt H
2
( ktc). Hn hp X gm
A. mt axit v mt este. B. mt este v mt ru.
C. hai este. D. mt axit v mt ru.
Cu 15: un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc, hiu
sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l
A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam.
Cu 16: Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung
dch NaOH
1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to
ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CHCH
3
.
C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D. CH
2
=CHCOOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 17: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi dung
dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X. Cho ton b
X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai cht hu c l
A. mt este v mt axit. B. hai axit.
C. hai este. D. mt este v mt ancol.
Cu 18: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
O
2
N tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c
1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH3COONH3CH3.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. D. HCOONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 19: Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit cacboxylic k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16
lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 4,5 gam H
2
O. Cng thc este X v gi
tr ca m tng ng l
A. (HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
v 6,6. B. HCOOCH3 v 6,7.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
v 6,7. D. HCOOC
2
H
5
v 9,5.
Cu 20: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn
phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
Cl. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCH(Cl)CH
3
. D. ClCH2COOC2H5.
Cu 21: Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c), un
nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 31,25%. B. 40,00%. C. 62,50%. D. 50,00%.
Cu 22: trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng dung dch
cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,150. B. 0,200. C. 0,280. D. 0,075.
Cu 23: Mnh khng ng l:
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3.
B. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
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C. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
.
D. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
c th trng hp to polime.
Cu 24: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi
axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH.
C. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH.
Cu 25: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este ln
nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1
mol CH
3
COOH cn s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit )
A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456
Cu 26: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c
axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l
A. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
. B. HCOO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
.
C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH3COO-CH=CH2.
Cu 27: Cho glixerin trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit:
Na, Cu(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng
xy ra l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 28: Este X c cc c im sau:
- t chy hon ton X to thnh CO
2
v H
2
O c s mol bng nhau;
- Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z
(c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).
Pht biu khng ng l:
A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO
2
v 2 mol H
2
O.
B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.
D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken.
Cu 29: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
O
4
. Cho 0,1 mol X tc
dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp
mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
OOC(CH
2
)
2
COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COO(CH
2
)
2
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5. D. CH
3
OOCCH
2
COOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 30: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam.
Cu 31: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO
2
sinh ra bng s mol O
2

phn
ng. Tn gi ca este l
A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat.
Cu 32: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c
2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip
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nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l
A. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. D. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 33: X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
bng
dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H
2
SO
4
c
140
o
C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 8,10. C. 18,00. D. 16,20.
Cu 34: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C
10
H
14
O
6
trong dung dch NaOH
(d), thu
c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui
l:
A. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa.
B. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa.
C. CH
2
=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa.
D. CH
3
-COONa, HCOONa v CH
3
-CH=CH-COONa.
Cu 35: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
O
2
. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung
dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui.
Cng thc ca X l
A. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. B. CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
.
C. HCOOCH
2
CH=CHCH
3
. D. HCOOCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
.
Cu 36: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn
dng va 3,976 lt kh O
2
( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Mt khc, X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca
hai este trong X l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
5
H
10
O
2
. B. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
3
H
6
O
2
.
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2
. D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml
dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon
ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5. B. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 39: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O
2
(cng
iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO
2
thu
c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. O=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
OH. B. HOOC-CHO.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC2H5.
Cu 40: Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c
t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml
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dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
A. 27,75. B. 24,25. C. 26,25. D. 29,75.

2011
Cu 41: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t
este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,5. B. 14,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
Cu 42: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn
ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu
c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tho mn cc tnh cht trn l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 43: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S
cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 44: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08
gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H
2
O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l
A. 75%. B. 72,08%. C. 27,92%. D. 25%.
Cu 45: Cht hu c X mch h c dng H
2
N-R-COOR' (R, R' l cc gc hirocacbon), phn
trm khi lng nit trong X l 15,73%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH, ton b lng ancol sinh ra cho tc dng ht vi CuO (un nng) c anehit Y (ancol
ch b oxi ho thnh anehit). Cho ton b Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 12,96 gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,56. B. 5,34. C. 2,67. D. 4,45.
Cu 52: x phng ho hon ton 52,8 gam hn hp hai este no, n chc, mch h l
ng phn ca nhau cn va 600 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Bit c hai este ny u khng
tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc ca hai este l
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
v C
3
H
7
COOCH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. HCOOC
4
H
9
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v HCOOC
3
H
7
.


CACBONHIDDRAT TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.10a Cu 44: T 180 gam glucoz, ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%).
Oxi ho 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung
ho hn hp X cn 720 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A.90%. B. 10%. C. 80%. D. 20%.
2.09a Cu 28: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo
dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4
gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,0. B. 30,0. C. 13,5. D. 15,0.
3.09a Cu 46: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca
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A.ancol. B. xeton. C. amin. D. anehit.
4.08a Cu 53: Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l
A.2,25 gam. B. 1,80 gam. C. 1,82 gam. D. 1,44 gam.
5.Cd07Cu 12: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt
l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. B. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO
6.07a Cu 42: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho
dung dch glucoz phn ng vi
A. kim loi Na. B. AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un
nng.
C. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. D. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng.
7.Cd11Cu 32: Ln men dung dch cha 300 gam glucoz thu c 92 gam ancol etylic. Hiu
sut qu trnh ln men to thnh ancol etylic l
A.54%. B. 40%. C. 80%. D. 60%.
8.Cd07Cu 20: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO3
(hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca
dung dch glucoz dng l
A.0,20M. B. 0,10M. C. 0,01M. D. 0,02M.
9.11b Cu 60: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz.
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ho ln nhau.
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung
dch mu xanh lam.
(e) Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h.
(g) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng vng 6 cnh (dng v ).
S pht biu ng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.
10.10b Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l:
A. glixerol, axit axetic, glucoz. B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton.
C. anehit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic. D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic.
11.09b Cu 53: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
B. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH3OH.
C. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau.
12.09cd Cu 48: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra
trong qu trnh ny c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu
sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr ca m l
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A.60. B. 58. C. 30. D. 48.
13.08b Cu 8: Cho cc cht: ru (ancol) etylic, glixerin (glixerol), glucoz, imetyl ete v axit
fomic. S cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 l
A.1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
14.10a Cu 19: Mt phn t saccaroz c
A. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
C. hai gc -glucoz.
D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
15.09a Cu 55: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l:
A. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic.
B. Fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
C. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic.
D. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz.
16.Cd11Cu 39: Cho cc cht: saccaroz, glucoz, fructoz, etyl fomat, axit fomic v anehit
axetic. Trong cc cht trn, s cht va c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc va c kh nng
phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
17.10cd Cu 9: Thu phn hon ton 3,42 gam saccaroz trong mi trng axit, thu c dung
dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X phn ng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un
nng, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A.21,60. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 43,20.
18.11b Cu 59: Thu phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian
thu c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc
dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th lng Ag thu c l
A.0,090 mol. B. 0,12 mol. C. 0,095 mol. D. 0,06 mol.
19.08b Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht:
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH, C12H22O11 (saccaroz), CH3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4.
S cht in li l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
20.Cd07Cu 44: Ch dng Cu(OH)2 c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit sau:
A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic.
B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerin (glixerol).
C. saccaroz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic, ru (ancol) etylic.
D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerin (glixerol), ru (ancol) etylic
21.11a Cu 48: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut
ton b qu trnh l 90%. Hp th ton b lng CO2 sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo
nc vi trong, thu c 330 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi
lng nc vi trong ban u l 132 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.486. B. 297. C. 405. D. 324.
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22.07a Cu 33: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b
lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, thu c 550 gam kt ta v
dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.550. B. 810. C. 650. D. 750.
23.10cd Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht
hu c X. Cho X phn ng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln
lt l:
A.glucoz, sobitol. B. glucoz, saccaroz. C. glucoz, etanol. D. glucoz,
fructoz.
24.09cd Cu 46: Cho cc chuyn ho sau: X + H2O
xt,t
o
Y ;Y + H2
Ni,t
o
Sobitol ;
Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O
t
o
Amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 ;
Y
xc tc
E + Z Z + H2O
nh sng
cht dip lc
X + G
X, Y v Z ln lt l:
A. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic. B. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
C. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit. D. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.
25.CD08Cu 50: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt PTPT):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Y, Z l:
A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.
26.11b Cu 12: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit.
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ho tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thu phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu
c mt loi monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l
A.5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.
27.08b Cu 10: Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru
(ancol) etylic 46 l (bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic
nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml)
A. 5,4 kg. B. 5,0 kg. C. 6,0 kg. D. 4,5 kg.
28.11a Cu 28: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu
sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz
trinitrat iu ch c l
A.2,20 tn. B. 1,10 tn. C. 2,97 tn. D. 3,67 tn.
29.10a Cu 25: Pht biu ng l:
A. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz.
B. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -aminoaxit.
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C. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh m.
D. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
30.08a Cu 37: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
A.ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.

AMIN TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 14: Thnh phn % m ca nit trong hp cht hu c CxHyN l 23,73%. S ng phn
amin bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A.3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
2.11a Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol,
ancol benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH
long, un nng l
A.5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
3.10a Cu 12: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy
hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v
hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch
kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A.CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H4 v C3H6. C. C2H6 v C3H8. D. C3H6 v
C4H8.
4.10a Cu 56: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt
hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin).
Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2. B. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2.
C. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3. D. CH2=CH-NH-CH3.
5.09a Cu 18: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam
mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A.4. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
6.07a Cu 9: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO2, 1,4 lt kh
N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.C3H7N. B. C2H7N. C. C3H9N. D. C4H9N.
7.Cd11Cu 52: Amin X c phn t khi nh hn 80. Trong phn t X, nit chim 19,18% v khi
lng. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch hn hp gm KNO2 v HCl thu c ancol Y. Oxi ha
khng hon ton Y thu c xeton Z. Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong phn t X c mt lin kt . B. Phn t X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh.
C. Tn thay th ca Y l propan-2-ol. D. Tch nc Y ch thu c mt anken duy nht.
8.10cd Cu 11: Cho 2,1 gam hn hp X gm 2 amin no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,925 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc ca 2
amin trong hn hp X l
A. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2. B. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2.
C. CH3NH2 v (CH3)3N. D. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2
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9.10cd Cu 57: S amin thm bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C7H9N l
A.3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.
10.09cd Cu 6: S ng phn cu to ca amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C4H11N l
A.4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
11.CD08Cu 6: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan.
S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A.5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
12.CD08Cu 23: Cho cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht
trong dy p vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A.3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
13.Cd07Cu 37: trung ha 25 gam dd ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn 100ml
dung dch HCl 1M. Ctpt ca X l
A.C3H5N. B. C2H7N. C. CH5N. D. C3H7N.
14.10b Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va , thu c
0,5 mol hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl
phn ng l
A.0,1. B. 0,4. C. 0,3. D. 0,2.
15.10b Cu 57: Trung ho h. ton 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh)
bng HCl, to ra 17,64 g mui. Amin c ct l
A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2. B. CH3CH2CH2NH2.
C. H2NCH2CH2NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2.

AMINOAXIT TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 11: S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N l
A.1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
2.10a Cu 29: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M,
thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s
mol NaOH phn ng l
A.0,70. B. 0,50. C. 0,65. D. 0,55.
3.10a Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c
kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol
CO2, x mol H2O v y mol N2. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
A.7 v 1,0. B. 8 v 1,5. C. 8 v 1,0. D. 7 v 1,5.
4.09a Cu 14: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui
Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit
m2 - m1 = 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A.C5H9O4N. B. C4H10O2N2. C. C5H11O2N. D. C4H8O4N2.
5.09a Cu 23: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng
khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l
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A.anilin. B. phenol. C. axit acrylic. D. metyl axetat.
6.09a Cu 34: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht
lng: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc
th duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim?
A.5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
7.09a Cu 48: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phn
ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng
kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom.
C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.10,8. B. 9,4. C. 8,2. D. 9,6.
8.09a Cu 54: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Cc ancol a chc u P vi Cu(OH)2 to dd mu xanh lam.
B. Etylamin p vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
D. Anilin p vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
9.08a Cu 9: C cc dung dch ring bit sau:
C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-
COOH,
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa.
S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l
A.2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
10.08a Cu 13: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch
t capron l 17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt
l
A.113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.
11.08a Cu 15: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong dd, H2N-CH2-COOH cn tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+-CH2-COO-.
B. H2N-CH2-COOH3N-CH3 l este ca glixin.
C. Aminoaxit l hchc cha ng thi nhm amino v nhm cacboxyl.
D. Aminoaxit l cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt.
12.07a Cu 29: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Axit axetic phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly dung dch mui va to ra cho tc dng
vi kh CO2 li thu c axit axetic.
B. Phenol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch
HCl li thu c phenol.
C. Anilin phn ng vi dung dch HCl, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH li thu c anilin.
D. Dung dch natri phenolat phn ng vi kh CO2, ly kt ta va to ra cho tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH li thu c natri phenolat.
13.07a Cu 31: -aminoaxit X cha mt nhm -NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d),
thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
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A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
14.07a Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H7NO2 tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z (
ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn
dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l
A.16,5 gam. B. 14,3 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 15,7 gam.
15.07a Cu 50: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt
kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn
phm c mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7. B. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3
C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5.
16.Cd11Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong tetrapeptit mch h c 4 lin kt peptit.
B. Trong mi trng kim, ipeptit mch h t/d vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm.
C. Cc peptit km bn trong mi trng baz nhng bn trong mi trng axit.
D. Amino axit l hp cht c tnh lng tnh.
17.Cd11Cu 21: Amino axit X c dng H2NRCOOH (R l gc hirocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X
phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch cha 11,15 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l
A.glyxin. B. valin. C. alanin. D. phenylalanin.
18.Cd11Cu 42: Hai cht no sau y u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. CH3NH3Cl v CH3NH2. B. CH3NH3Cl v H2NCH2COONa
C. CH3NH2 v H2NCH2COOH. D. ClH3NCH2COOC2H5 v
H2NCH2COOC2H5.
19.10cd Cu 22: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh?
A. Phenylamoni clorua. B. Anilin. C. Glyxin. D. Etylamin.
20.10cd Cu 31: ng vi cng thc phn t C2H7O2N c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi
dung dch NaOH, va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl?
A.4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
21.09cd Cu 15: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N.
Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O ; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
CTCT ca X v Z ln lt l
A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH.
22.09cd Cu 18: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn
gi ca X l
A. metyl aminoaxetat. B. axit -aminopropionic.
C. axit -aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat.
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23.09cd Cu 55: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t
C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C
cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH3CH2CH3. B. CH3COONH3CH3.
C. CH3CH2COONH4. D. HCOONH2(CH3)2.
24.09cd Cu 58: Cho tng cht H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3 ln lt tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH (to) v vi dung dch HCl (to). S phn ng xy ra l
A.3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
25.CD08Cu 20: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho
15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4
gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A.H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH
C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH.
26.CD08Cu 49: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH,
CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A.4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
27.Cd07Cu 10: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc
dng c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh
phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v
15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch
NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCOONH4. B. H2NCOO-CH2CH3.
C. H2NCH2COO-CH3. D. H2NC2H4COOH.
28.11b Cu 23: Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol: (1) H2NCH2COOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3)
CH3CH2NH2. Dy th t pH tng dn l:
A.(2), (1), (3). B. (3), (1), (2). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (2), (3), (1).
29.11b Cu 38: Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?
A. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2. B. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH.
C. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2. D. C6H5NHCH3 v C6H5CH(OH)CH3.
30.11b Cu 48: Cht hu c X mch h c dng H2N-R-COOR' (R, R' l cc gc hirocacbon),
% m ca nit trong X l 15,73%. Cho m gam X p hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b lng
ancol sinh ra cho tc dng ht vi CuO (un nng) c anehit Y (ancol ch b oxi ho thnh
anehit). Cho ton b Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 12,96
gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.3,56. B. 5,34. C. 2,67. D. 4,45
31.11b Cu 57: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. ipeptit glyxylalanin (mch h) c 2 lin kt peptit.
B. Etylamin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng to ra etanol.
C. Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c M t vi chc nghn n vi triu.
D. Metylamin tan trong nc cho dd c mi trng baz.
32.10b Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht
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rn iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn
ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat. B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat. D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-
aminopropionic.
33.10b Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch NaOH (d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m+30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam
X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m+36,5) gam mui. Gi tr
ca m l
A.112,2. B. 165,6. C. 123,8. D. 171,0.
34.09b Cu 14: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu
c 3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH
4%. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC2H3(COOH)2. B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
C. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. D. H2NC3H6COOH.
35.09b Cu 15: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn
ng vi dd NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v
kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l
A. CH3OH v NH3. B. CH3OH v CH3NH2.
C. CH3NH2 v NH3. D. C2H5OH v N2.
36.08b Cu 4: un nng cht H2N-CH2-CONH-CH(CH3)-CONH-CH2-COOH trong dd HCl
(d), sau khi cc p kt thc thu c sn phm l:
A. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH.
B. H3N+-CH2-COOHCl-, H3N+-CH2-CH2-COOHCl-.
C. H3N+-CH2-COOHCl-, H3N+-CH(CH3)-COOHCl-
D. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH.
37.08b Cu 20: Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N phn ng
vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c
11,7 gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOH3NCH=CH2. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
C. CH2=CHCOONH4. D. H2NCH2COOCH3
38.08b Cu 43: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH, thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y
l
A. 85. B. 68. C. 45. D. 46.
39.07b Cu 19: Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin
(Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v
u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T.
40.07b Cu 39: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol (ru) etylic, axit acrylic, phenol,
phenylamoni clorua, ancol (ru) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c
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vi dung dch NaOH l
A.4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.

PROTEIN TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 18: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.
B. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt
peptit.
C. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit.
D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
2.11a Cu 20: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala (mch h) thu c hn hp
gm 28,48 gam Ala, 32 gam Ala-Ala v 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m l
A.81,54. B. 66,44. C. 111,74. D. 90,6.
3.11a Cu 55: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X
gm cc amino axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl trong phn
t). Nu cho 110 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th
lng mui khan thu c l
A.8,15 gam. B. 7,09 gam. C. 7,82 gam. D. 16,30 gam.
4.10a Cu 40: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu
c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin?
A.6. B. 9. C. 4. D. 3.
5.09a Cu 20: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NaCl.
C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. dung dch HCl.
6.10cd Cu 45: Nu thu phn khng hon ton pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly th thu c ti
a bao nhiu ipeptit khc nhau?
A.1. B. 4. C. 2 . D. 3.
7.09cd Cu 50: Thu phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca X
bng 100.000 vC th s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l
A.453. B. 382. C. 328. D. 479.
8.10b Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no,
mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol
Y, thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn
phm thu c cho li t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120. B. 60. C. 30. D. 45.
9.10b Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol
alanin (Ala), 1 mol valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu
c ipeptit Val-Phe v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X
c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val. B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe.
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C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly. D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly.
10.09b Cu 18: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.

POLYME TRONG CC THI I HC- CAO NG

1.11a Cu 29: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp metyl metacrylat. B. Trng hp vinyl xianua
. C. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic. D. Trng ngng axit -
aminocaproic.
2.11a Cu 52: Cho s phn ng:
X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
ng trng hp
Polime Z
;
CH CH
+HCN
X
trng hp
polime Y

Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A. T olon v cao su buna-N. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. D. T capron v cao su buna.
3.10a Cu 52: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4)
poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng
trng ngng l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
4.09a Cu 29: Poli(metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
C. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
D. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
5.08a Cu 43: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC
theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th
tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A.358,4. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 224,0.
6.07a Cu 13: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1
phn t clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A.3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
7.Cd11Cu 1: Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli(metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, (4)
polistiren,
(5) poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6. Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn
trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim l:
A.(1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (5). C. (2), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (6).
8.10cd Cu 35: Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng?
A. poli(metyl metacrylat). B. poli(etylen terephtalat). C. polistiren. D. poliacrilonitrin.
9.09cd Cu 34: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
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B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT
10.CD08Cu 25: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH.
B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.
C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2.
D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.
11.Cd07Cu 49: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn
ng trng hp
A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.
C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
12.Cd07Cu 50: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t
enang, nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to?
A. T tm v t enang. B. T visco v t nilon-6,6
C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. T visco v t axetat.
13.11b Cu 36: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C
bao nhiu t thuc loi t poliamit?
A.1. B. 2. C. 3 . D. 4.
14.10b Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l:
A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen. B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su
buna.
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren. D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren.
15.10b Cu 37: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C2H2
t
o
,xt
X
+H
2
,t
o
Pd,PbCO
3
Y
+Z
t
o
,xt,p
Cao su
buna-N.
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac. B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien.
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren. D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin.



PHN C
CC CHUYN TRONG HA HC V C

CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T- BNG TUN HON CC
NGUYN T HO HC- LIN KT HO HC

Phn 1 TM TT L THUYT
I -CU TO NGUYN T
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- Nguyn t: + Ht nhn: proton (p, in tch +) m
p
= m
n
= 1,67.10
-27
kg = 1u
Notron (n, khng mang in)
+ Lp v: electron (e, in tch -) m
e
= 9,1.10
-31
kg
- iu kin bn ca nguyn t: (Z 82) => 1
N
P
1,5 ( tr H)
- ng v: l nhng loi nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t , c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v
s notron nn s khi khc nhau.
- Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh:

i i
A
i
A .a %
M
a %
=

(A
i
: S khi ca cc ng v, a
i
%: phn trm tng ng ca cc ng v)
- Lp electron: Gm cc e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lp ..
K L M N O P Q
Trt t nng lng tng dn
+ S el ti a lp th n l 2n
2
e
+ Lp th n c n phn lp
+ S el ti a phn lp l: s (2), p(6), d(10) , f(14)
- C s in electron vo nguyn t: Cc electron c sp xp trong nguyn t theo nguyn l
vng bn, nguyn l Pauli v quy tc Hund
+ Nguyn l vng bn:Cc electron phn b vo cc AO c mc nng lng t thp n cao
+ Nguyn l Pauli: Trn 1 AO ch c th c nhiu nht 2 electron v 2 el ny phi c chiu
t quay khc nhau
+ Quy tc Hund: Cc electron s c phn b trn cc AO sao cho s electron c thn l
ti a v cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay ging nhau
Trong mt phn lp, nu s e s AO th cc e u phi l c thn c s e oocj thn l ti
a
* Cc phn lp c s e ti a (s
2
, p
6
, d
10
, f
14
): Phn lp bo ha
* Cc phn lp cha s e ti a : Phn lp cha bo ha
* Cc phn lp c s e c thn = s AO (d
5
, f
7
): Phn lp bn bo ha
- Cu hnh electrron nguyn t: l s phn b cc e theo lp, phn lp v AO. Cc e thuc lp
ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ca cht:
+ Cc kh him, tr Heli, nguyn t c 8 e ngoi cng u rt bn vng kh tham gia
phn ng ha hc
+ Cc kim loi, nguyn t c t (1, 2, 3) e ngoi cng d cho e to thnh ion dng
c cu hnh e ging kh him
+ Cc phi kim, nguyn t c nhiu (5, 6, 7) e ngoi cng d nhn thm e to thnh
ion m c cu hnh e ging kh him
nhn
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+ Cc nguyn t cn c th dng chung e ngoi cng to ra cc hp cht trong cu hnh e
ca cc nguyn t cng ging cc kh him
- Bn knh nguyn t: V =
4
3
R
3
=> R =
3
3V
4t

Th tch 1 mol nguyn t =
4
3
R
3
.N ( N = 6,02.10
23
)
1 mol nng A gam => d =
3
A A
4
V
R N
3
=
t
(g/cm
3
) => R =
3
3A
4 Nd t
(cm)
AD CT trn khi coi nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 100% th tch nguyn t.
Thc t, nguyn t rng, phn tinh th ch chim a%. Nn cc bc tnh nh sau:
+ V mol nguyn t c khe rng: V
mol (c khe rng)
=
A
d
= V
o
.

+ V mol nguyn t c kht: V
mol (c c kht)
= V
o
.
a% =
A
d
.a%
+ V 1 nguyn t: V
(nguyn t)
=
dac
V A.a%
N d.N
=
+ Bn knh nguyn t: R =
3
3V
4t
=
3
3A.a%
4 Nd t
(cm)
I I -BNG TUN HON V NH LUT TUN HON
1. Bng tun hon
- : STT = p = e = z
- Chu k: STT chu k = s lp electron : + Chu k nh: 1, 2, 3
+ Chu k ln: 4, 5, 6, 7 (cha hon thin)
- Nhm: STT nhm = e ha tr
( Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau)
+ Nhm A: gm cc nguyn t s, p; STT nhm = e ngoi cng = e ha tr
+ Nhm B: e ha tr = e ngoi cng + e phn lp d st lp ngoi cng
Cu hnh dng (n 1)d
a
ns
2
e ha tr = 2 + a
* e ha tr < 8: STT nhm = e ha tr
* 8 s e ha tr s 10: STT nhm = VIII B
* e ha tr > 10: STT nhm = e ha tr - 10
Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t gm , chu k, nhm.
Ch : i vi cc nguyn t d hoc f theo trt t nng lng th cu hnh bn l cu hnh ng
vi cc phn lp d hoc f l bo ha hoc bn bo ha. Do vy, i vi nhng nguyn t ny cu
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hnh ca nguyn t hoc ion c xu hng t cu hnh bo ha hoc bn bo ha t trng thi
bn
C 2 trng hp c bit ca d:
a + 2 = 6: (n-1)d
4
ns
2
(n-1)d
5
ns
1
: Bn bo ha. VD: Cr (Z = 24)
a + 2 = 11: (n-1)d
9
ns
2
(n-1)d
10
ns
1
: Bo ha VD: Cu (Z = 29)
2. nh lut tun hon
C s bin i tun hon cc tnh cht l s bin i tun hon s e ngoi cng
- Bn knh nguyn t:
* Quy lut: Theo chiu tng THN, trong 1 CK, R nguyn t gim dn;
trong 1 nhm A, R nguyn t tng dn
* Gii thch: Trong cng 1 CK, theo chiu tng THN s e lp ngoi cng tng lc
ht gia ht nhn vi e ngoi cng tng R gim dn
Trong 1 nhm, theo chiu tng THN, s lp e tng R tng dn
- m in: i lng c trng cho kh nng ht e
* Quy lut: Theo chiu tng THN, trong 1 CK, tng;
trong 1 nhm A, gim
* Gii thch: Trong 1 CK, theo chiu tng THN R+ kh nng ht e| |
Trong 1 nhm, theo chiu tng THN R| kh nng ht e+ +
- Tnh kim loi, phi kim:
+ Trong 1 chu k: Kim loi gim, phi kim tng
+ Trong 1 nhm A: Kim loai tng, phi kim gim
- Nng lng ion ha th nht I
1
(nng lng cn thit tch 1e ra khi nguyn t trung
ha)
* Quy lut: Theo chiu tng THN, trong 1 CK, I
1
tng;
trong 1 nhm A, I
1
gim
* Gii thch: Trong 1 CK, theo chiu tng THN, R+ , | kh nng gi e| I |
Trong 1 nhm, theo chiu tng THN, R| , + kh nng gi e+ I +
- Tnh axit baz ca oxit v hiroxit:
+ Trong 1 chu k: Axit tng, baz gim
+ Trong mt nhm A: Axit gim, baz tng
- Ha tr cao nht vi oxi tng t 1 7(a), ha tr ca phi kim vi hiro gim t 4 1 (b).
Mi lin h l a + b = 8
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I I I - LIN KT HA HC
1. Lin kt kim loi
- L lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cation kim loi ti cc nt ca mng li
tinh th vi cc e ho tr
- Lin kt kim loi ph thuc vo s e ha tr ca kim loi
2. Lin kt ion.
- Khi nim: l lin kt c hnh thnh t 2 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t c m in rt khc
nhau.
thng l: - kim loi ( m in rt b )
- phi kim ( m in rt ln )
- V d: kim loi kim, kim th vi cc halogen hoc oxy.
- Khi to lin kt ion th kim loi nhmg hn e cho nguyn t phi kim to thnh cc cation v
anion; cc ion ngc du ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in.
VD: Na - 1e Na
+
; Cl + 1e Cl
-
. Sau : Na
+
+ Cl
-
NaCl
- Bn cht ca lin kt ion l lc ht tnh in gia 2 ion mang in tri du.
- c im:
+ Mi ion to ra nt in trng xung quanh n, lin kt vi ion xy ra theo mi hng suy
ra lin kt ion l lin kt v hng ( khng c hng )
+ Khng bo ha; mi ion c th lin kt vi nhiu ion xung quanh
+ L lin kt bn vng.
3. Lin kt cng ha tr.
- Khi nim: l lin kt c hnh thnh do nguyn t 2 nguyn t b ra nhng cp e dng chung
khi tham gia lin kt.
- Khi to lin kt cc e b ra s e cn thiu gp chung to thnh lin kt
VD: C c 4 e ngoi cng (thiu 4) b ra 4 e
O c 6 e ngoi cng (thiu 2) b ra 2 e
Vy phi c 2 O mi gp vi 1C, to thnh hp cht O::C::O c 4 cp e dng chung
- Bn cht: l s gp chung cc cp e
- Gm 2 loi:
+ Lin kt cng ha tr khng cc: cp e dng chung khng b lch v pha nguyn t ca
nguyn t no. c hnh thnh t nhng nguyn t phi kim c m in bng nhau.
VD: H
2
: H H , H : H ( 1 cp e dng chung, khng lch v pha no)
Cl
2
: Cl Cl , Cl : Cl hoc O
2
: O = O , O :: O ( 2 cp e dng chung)
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+ Lin kt cng ha tr c cc: cp e dng chung lch v pha nguyn t ca nguyn t c
ln hn. c hnh thnh t nhng nguyn t khc nhau pk pk, pk kl
VD: HCl: H :Cl, H Cl ( 1 cp e dng chung, lch v pha Cl c ln hn)
- Lin kt xichma ( o ): l nhng LK CHT c hnh thnh do s xen ph my e ha tr gia 2
nguyn t m cc i xen ph nm trn trc lin kt. (xen ph trc)
VD: H: 1s
1
|
Cl: 3s
2
3p
5

HCl:
- Lin kt pi ( t): l lin kt c hnh thnh bi s xen ph my e ha tr ca cc nguyn t tham
gia m cc i xen ph nm 2 bn ca trc lin kt. (xen ph bn)
VD: O
2
: Z = 8, 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
(c nh hng v bo ha)
4. Lin kt hiro
- Khi nim: L lin kt c hnh thnh bi lc ht tnh in gia nguyn t hiro trong lin kt
phn cc gia nguyn t c ln ca phn t ny vi nguyn t c ln ca phn t
khc.
(l LK gia nguyn t O ca OH ny vi nguyn t H ca OH kia). K hiu: ...
VD: - Gia H
2
O vi H
2
O: ...H O ... H O ... H O ... H O ...
H H H H
- Gia ru vi ru (ROH): ...H O ... H O ... H O ... H O ...
R R R R
- Gia ru vi nc: ...H O ... H O ... H O ... H O ...
R H R H
Gii thch tnh tan v hn trong nc ca ru
- c im: + L lin kt km bn
+ bn gim khi nhit tng v khi phn t khi tng
- Mt s hp cht c lin kt hiro: H
2
O, ru, axit cacboxylic, axit v c cha oxi, hp cht cha
nhm chc amino (NH
2
)
5. Lin kt cho nhn
- Khi nim: L lin kt c hnh thnh bi cp e ha tr cha tham gia lin kt ca nguyn t ny
vi AO trng ca nguyn t khc.
VD: HNO
3


7
N: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

8
O: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4

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6. C s phn loi lin kt
- Da vo ngun gc hnh thnh lin kt
+ Gia cc nguyn t kim loi lin kt kim loi
+ Gia nguyn t kim loi nguyn t phi kim lin kt ion
+ Gia cc nguyn t phi kim
- 2 nt PK cng 1 nguyn t, cng LKCHT khng cc
- 2 nt PK khc nhau LKCHT c cc (phn cc)
- Da vo hiu m in
Xt lin kt gia 2 nguyn t A, B :
A B
A_ = _ _
* 0 0, 4: < A_ < lin kt A B l lin kt CHT khng cc
* 0, 4 1, 7: s A_ < lin kt A B l lin kt CHT c cc
* 1, 7: A_ > lin kt A B l lin kt ion
Ch : Dng hiu m in ch c tnh cht tng i, 1 s trng hp ngoi l
Cch vit CTCT ca 1 cht:
- Xc nh bn cht lin kt: ion hay CHT
- Da vo cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t xc nh s e c thn, e ghp
i, s AO trng S lin kt
- L lin kt ion: dng in tch lin kt. l lin kt CHT: dng gch ni
- i vi axit c oxi bao gi cng c nhm H O lin kt PK trung tm
- i vi baz: Kim loi O H
- Mui: Thay H bi kim loi trong phn t axit tng ng (KL ha tr I: 1KL thay cho 1H,
KL ha tr II: 1KL thay cho 2H, KL ha tr III: 1KL thay cho 3H)
Phn 2 BI TP VN DNG
1-Nguyn t l phn t nh nht ca cht v
A. khng mang in. B. mang in tch m.
C. mang in tch dng. D. c th mang in hoc khng
2-Nguyn t ho hc l
A. nhng nguyn t c cng s khi. B. nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn.
C. nhng nguyn t c cng s ntron. D. nhng phn t c cng s proton.
3-ng v l nhng
A nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron.
B nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron.
C phn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron.
D cht c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron.
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4-Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v khng mang in l 34, trong s ht mang
in gp 1,833 ln s ht khng mang in. Cu hnh electron ca R l
A. 1s22s22p63s2. B. 1s22s22p63s1.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p1. D.1s22s22p63s23p2.
5-Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142, trong tng s
ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B
nhiu hn ca nguyn t A l 12. A v B ln lt l
A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Ca. C. Fe v Cu. D. Mg v Cu.
6-Tng s ht mang in trong anion AB32 l 82. S ht mang in ca nguyn t A nhiu hn
ca nguyn t B l 16. Anion l
A. CO32-. B. SiO32-. C. SO32. D. SeO32-.
7-Cation R+ c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron y ca R l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p6. B. 1s22s22p63s23p5.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. D. 1s22s22p63s23p
6
3d
1
.
1. ng v ca M tho mn iu kin s proton: s ntron = 13:15 l
A.
55
M. B.
56
M. C.
57
M. D.
58
M.
2. Hp cht X c cng thc RAB
3
. Trong ht nhn ca R, A, B u c s proton bng s ntron.
Tng s proton trong 1 phn t X l 50. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. CaCO
3
. B. CaSO
3
.
C. MgCO
3
. D. MgSO
3
.
3. Cho bit st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe
2+
l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
. B.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
4
.
C.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
.
4. Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. S khi ca nguyn t X l
A. 3. B. 4 C. 6. D. 7.
5. Trong t nhin oxi c 3 ng v l
16
8
O;
17
8
O;
18
8
O; cac bon c 2 ng v l
12
6
C;
13
6
C. S phn
t CO
2
c th c to thnh t cc ng v trn l
A. 6. B. 9 C. 12. D. 18.
6. Tng s ht trong 1 nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 40. Cu hnh e ca X l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
.
C. 1s
2
2s
2
3p
6
3s
2
3p
1
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
.
7. S proton, ntron v electron trong nguyn t ca mt ng v t nhin ph bin nht ca clo
tng ng l
A. 17, 18 v 17. B. 17, 19 v 17. C. 35, 10 v 17. D. 17, 20 v 17.
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8. Hp cht A c cng thc MX
a
trong M chim 140/3 % v khi lng, X l phi kim chu
k 3, trong ht nhn ca M c s proton t hn s ntron l 4; trong ht nhn ca X c s proton
bng s ntron. Tng s proton trong 1 phn t A l 58. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca M l.
A. 3s
2
3p
4
. B. 3d
6
4s
2
. C. 2s
2
2p
4
. D. 3d
10
4s
1
.
9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. Cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng ca Y l
A. 3s
2
3p
4
. B. 3s
2
3p
5
. C. 3s
2
3p
3
. D. 2s
2
2p
4
.
10. Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M v R c cng thc M
a
R
b
trong R chim 20/3 (%)
v khi lng. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84. Cng thc phn t ca Z l
A. Al
2
O
3
. B. Cu
2
O. C. AsCl
3
. D. Fe
3
C.
11. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca ion X
2+
l
A. 3s
2
3p
6
. B. 3d
6
4s
2
. C. 3d
6
. D. 3d
10
.
12. (A-07): Dy gm cc ion X
+
, Y
-
v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
l
A. K
+
, Cl
-
, Ar. B. Li
+
, F
-
, Ne. C. Na
+
, F
-
, Ne. D. Na
+
, Cl
-
, Ar.
13. (A-10)Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t:
26
13
X,
55
26
Y,
26
12
Z
A. X v Z c cng s khi.
B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
D. X v Y c cng s ntron.
(A-09):Cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
14. (B-10)Mt ion M
3+
c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. B. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
.
C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
3
4s
2
.
15. (B-07): Hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc
oxi ho duy nht. Cng thc XY l
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A. LiF. B. NaF. C. AlN. D. MgO.
16. (A-11):Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu
2+
v Cr
3+
ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
. B. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
3
.
C. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
3
. D. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
.
17. (B-11):Trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v bn l
37
17
Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn
t,cn li l
35
17
Cl.Phn trm ca
37
Cl trong HClO
4
l:
A. 8,43%. B. 8,79%. C. 8,92%. D. 8,56%.
18. Cc ion Na
+
, Mg
2+
, O
2-
, F
-
u c cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. Th t gim dn bn knh ca
cc ion trn l
A. Na
+
> Mg
2+
> F
-
> O
2-
. B. Mg
2+
> Na
+
> F
-
> O
2-
.
C. F
-
> Na
+
> Mg
2+
> O
2-
. D. O
2-
> F
-
> Na
+
> Mg
2+
.
19. X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau trong cng 1 phn nhm chnh ca bng
HTTH. Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca X v Y l 32. X v Y l
A. O v S. B. C v Si. C. Mg v Ca. D. N v P.
20. Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th bn knh nguyn t v
m in tng ng bin i l
A. tng, gim. B. tng, tng. C. gim, tng. D. gim, gim.
21. Trong dy: Mg Al Au Na K, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t
A. tng dn. B. mi u tng, sau gim.
C. gim dn. D. mi u gim, sau tng.
22. Trong dy N As Te Br Cl, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t
A. tng dn. B. mi u tng, sau gim.
C. gim dn. D. mi u gim, sau tng.
23. Anion X
2-
c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p
6
. V tr ca X trong bng HTTH l
A. 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA. B. 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA.
C. 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. 18, chu k 4, nhm VIA.
24. Lai ho sp
2
l s t hp tuyn tnh gia
1 orbital s vi 2 orbital p to thnh 3 orbital lai ho sp
2
.
2 orbital s vi 1 orbital p to thnh 3 orbital lai ho sp
2
.
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1 orbital s vi 3 orbital p to thnh 3 orbital lai ho sp
2
.
1 orbital s vi 1 orbital p to thnh 3 orbital lai ho sp
2
.
25. Nguyn t A trong phn t AB
2
c lai ho sp
2
. Gc lin kt BAB c gi tr l
A. 90
O
. B. 120
O
. C. 109
O
28
/
. D. 180
O
.
26. X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc hai nhm A k tip nhau trong bng HTTH, Y nhm V,
trng thi n cht X v Y phn ng c vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca
A v B l 23. X v Y ln lt l
A. O v P. B. S v N. C. Li v Ca. D. K v Be.
27. Cc ion O
2-
, F
-
v Na
+
c bn knh gim dn theo th t
A. F
-
> O
2-
> Na
+
. B. O
2-
> Na
+
> F
-
.
C. Na
+
>F
-
> O
2-
. D. O
2-
> F
-
> Na
+
.
28. Hp cht X c khi lng phn t l 76 v to bi 2 nguyn t A v B. A,B c s oxiho cao
nht l +a,+b v c s oxiho m l -x,-y; tho mn iu kin: a=x, b=3y. Bit rng trong X th A
c s oxiha l +a. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca B v cng thc phn t ca X tng ng
l
A. 2s
2
2p
4
v NiO. B. CS
2
v 3s
2
3p
4
. C. 3s
2
3p
4
v SO
3
. D. 3s
2
3p
4
v CS
2
.
29. (A-10):Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th
A. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim.
B. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng.
C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng.
D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.
30. (B-09) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc
nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.
31. (B-08):Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong
oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. N. B. S. C. As. D. P.
32. (B-08):Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, O, F. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, F, O.
33. (B-10) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
. B. Cl
2
, CO
2
, C
2
H
2
. C. NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4
. D. HCl, C
2
H
2
, Br
2

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A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 41: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht mang in l 128. Trong hp cht, s p ca nguyn t X
nhiu hn s p ca nguyn t M l 38. Cng thc ca hp cht trn l
A. FeCl3 B. AlCl3 C. FeF3 D. AlBr3
t s p ca M v X ln lt l a, b
2a + 2b.3 = 128 v 3b a = 38
a = 13 ( Al) ; b=17 ( Cl)
chn B
Cu 42:Tng s ht mang in trong ion
2-
3
AB bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t A
nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo th
t) l
A. 6 v 8 B. 13 v 9 C. 16 v 8 D. 14 v 8
Bi ny c mt ch khc bit c bn so vi nhng bi trn. Nu nh cc bi trn ta xt cc
nguyn t, phn t th y
2-
3
AB l ion. Do ta phi vit qu trnh nhng ( hoc nhn e ) :
AB
3
+ 2
e
AB
3
2-
s e trong
2-
3
AB = s e trong AB
3
+2
t s e ca A v B ln lt l x, y . Lp PT :
2x + 2y.3 + 2 = 82
x- y = 8
=> x = 16 v y =8
Cu 43: Tng s p, e, n trong hai nguyn t A v B l 142, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu
hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca B nhiu hn ca A l 12. S hiu
nguyn t ca A v B l
A. 17 v 29 B. 20 v 26 C. 43 v 49 D. 40 v 52
Hng lm kh quen thuc vi cc bi trn..
t s p ca A, B ln lt l x, y . S n ca A, B ln lt l z, t.
2x + 2y + z + t = 142
V 2x + 2y z- t = 42
2y 2x = 12
Li c: x z 1.33 x v y t 1.33 y
=> x = 20 , y =26 => chn B
Cu 44: ng c hai ng v 63Cu (chim 73%) v 65Cu (chin 27%). Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca Cu l
A. 63,45 B. 63,54 C. 64, 46 D. 64, 64
Cu 45: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l
A. 34X B. 37X C. 36X D.38X
Cu 46: Mg c 3 ng v 24Mg, 25Mg v 26Mg. Clo c 2 ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. C bao nhiu loi
phn t MgCl2 khc nhau to nn t cc ng v ca 2 nguyn t ?
A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D.10
Ci ny bn c th p dng ton t hp.
Phn t Mg Cl2 to ra t 3 nguyn t : 1 nguyn t Mg v 2 nguyn t Cl .
S loi phn t MgCl2 = 3 . 2 .2 = 12 => chn C
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Cu 47: Ion M2+ c s e l 18, in tch ht nhn l
A. 18 B. 20 C. 18+ D. 20+
M M2+ + 2
e
S p = s e = 18 +2 = 20

=> chn D.
Cu 48: Ion Mx+ c tng s ht l 57. Hiu s ht mang in v khng in l 17. Nguyn t M l
A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ni
M Mx+ + xe
s e = s p - x
s p + s e + s n = 2 s e + s n - x = 57 v 2 s e - x s n = 17
2 . s e - x =37
Chn s e = 19, x = 1
Cu 49: Tng s e trong ion
-
2
AB l 34. Chn cng thc ng
A.
-
2
AlO B.
-
2
NO C.
-
2
ClO D.
-
2
CrO
AB
2
+ 1
e
AB
2
-

a + 2b ......... a + 2b + 1
=> a + 2b = 33
( nhn qua cc p n u thy n c chung nguyn t O , nhanh nhy cht chn lun )
th hoc a = 8 , hoc b = 8 . => chn b = 8 th a = 17 ( Cl )
chn C
Cu 50: Hp cht AB2 c %A = 50% (v khi lng) v tng s proton l 32. Nguyn t A v B
u c s p bng s n. AB2 l
A. NO2 B. SO2 C. CO2 D. SiO2
M A = s p + s n = 2. s p = 2a
M B = s p + s n = 2. s p = 2b
=> a + 2b = 32
V 2a / ( 2a + 2b.2 ) = 50/100
Gii ra c a =16 ( S ) ; b =8 ( O)
chn B
Cu 51: Ion X2- c
A. s p s e = 2 B. s e s p = 2 C. s e s n = 2 D. s e (s p + s n)= 2
X + 2
e
X2-
=> s e trong X2- = s e trong X + 2 = s p +2
=> s e s p = 2
Cu 52: Ion X- c 10e, ht nhn c 10n. S khi ca X l
A. 19 B. 20 C. 18 D. 21
S p = s e -1 = 10-1 =9
A = p + n = 19
Cu 53: Ion A2+ c cu hnh e vi phn lp cui cng l 3d9. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t A l
A. [Ar]3d94s2 B. [Ar]3d104s1 C. [Ar]3d94p2 D.
[Ar]4s23d9
A, C, D khng ng v trong nguyn t, khi phn lp d, f ( nu c ) t gn trng thi bo ha th e
phn lp s c xu hng nhy vo phn lp d, f . t bn bo ha or bo ha.
VD nh phng n A : . [Ar]3d94s2 [Ar] 3d 10 4s1 ( 1 e t phn lp 4s nhy sang phn
lp 3d9 3d10 bo ha )
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Cu 54: Chn pht biu sai:
A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8p. B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c
8n.
C. Nguyn t oxi c s e bng s p. D. Lp e ngoi cng nguyn t oxi c 6e.
Nguyn t c trng bi s p ( hay cn l: s e , s in tch ht nhn, s hiu ) ch khng c
trng v s n trong ht nhn. B sai
Cu 55: Chn pht biu sai: Trong nguyn t (Tr nguyn t hiro)
A. s e = s p. B. s n < s p.
C. s khi = s p + s n. D. s p = s in tch ht nhn.
CT c cp nhiu bi TN trn: s p s n 1.33 s p ( tr nguyn t H)
B sai
Cu 56: Lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 4e, nguyn t tng ng l
A. kim loi. B. phi kim.
C. kim loi chuyn tip. D. kim loi hoc phi kim.
4 e lp ngoi cng cn ty vo tng nguyn t c m in khc nhau m quyt nh ti tnh
nhng e ( tnh kim loi ) hay nhn e ( tnh phi kim ) chn D
Cu 57: Nguyn t c cu hnh e vi phn ln p c cha e c thn l nguyn t no sau y ?
A. N (Z=7) B. Ne (Z=10) C. Na (Z=11) D. Mg (Z=12)
Phn lp p c 3 AO li ch cha 3 c thn s e phn lp p ny l 3. Xt th mt s
t/h ( nhn p n trc la chn xt phn lp p trong lp no - v s e lp v, trong cc p n
cho u tng i nh, c th nhm ming c ). Hoc 2p3 hoc 3p3
Tnh tng s e ca lp v , tng kh nng.. chn 2p3 tng ng vi phng n A .
Cu 58: Cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon do Mendeleev cng b c sp xp theo chiu tng
dn
A. khi lng nguyn t. B. bn knh nguyn t.
C. s hiu nguyn t. D. m in ca nguyn t.
Cu 59: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn s ht pronton l 1. Cho
bit nguyn t trn thuc loi nguyn t no?
A. nguyn t s B. nguyn t p C. nguyn t d D. nguyn t f
Cu 60: Chu k l dy nguyn t c cng
A. s lp e. B. s e ha tr. C. s p. D. s in tch ht nhn
Cu 61: Chn pht biu khng ng.
A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k u c s lp e bng nhau.
B. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong chu k khng hon ton ging nhau.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng phn nhm c s e lp ngoi cng bng nhau.
D. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm bao gi cng ging nhau.
Cu 62: C 3 nguyn t s p u l 12, s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Chn cu sai.
A. Cc nguyn t trn l nhng ng v. B. Cc nguyn t trn u cng 1 nguyn t.
C. Chng c s ntron ln lt: 12, 13, 14. D. S th t l 24, 25, 26 trong bng
HTTH.
S th t l xp xp theo s in tch ht nhn ch khng theo trnh t s khi.
Cu 63: Trong bng HTTH hin nay, s chu k nh (ngn) v chu k ln (di) l
A. 3 v 3 B. 3 v 4 C. 4 v 3 D. 3 v 6
Cu 64: Chu k cha nhiu nguyn t nht trong bng HTTH hin nay vi s lng nguyn t l
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A. 18 B. 28 C. 32 D. 24
Cu 65: Nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA) cn gi l
A. kim loi kim B. kim loi kim th C. halogen D. kh him
Nhm VII A c tn gi l nhm halogen, c trng bi tnh phi kim in hnh.
Cu 66: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t X: 1s22s22p63s23p5. Hp cht vi hiro v oxit cao nht ca X
c dng l
A. HX, X2O7 B. H2X, XO3 C. XH4, XO2 D. H3X, X2O5
Cu 67: Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t X c cng thc XH3. Bit % v khi lng ca oxi
trong oxit cao nht ca X l 56,34%. Nguyn t khi ca X l
A. 14 B. 31 C. 32 D. 52
Mt cch tng tn, th bi ny ta cn t CT oxit ca X l X2On
16n / ( 2X + 16n) = 56.34/100
TL X , n
Xt ln lt vi n = 2,3,...
Kt hp vi gt: Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t X c cng thc XH3 => chn X: 31 ( P )
=> B
Nhanh hn, ta nhn qua p n, thy p n C tng ng vi lu hunh , ko c hc no l SH3
loi
Tip ci D tng ng vi crom, cng ko c CrH3 loi
Ch c th l A( N NH3) , hoc B ( P- PH3 )
Cu 68: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t Y l YO3. Trong hp cht vi hiro ca Y, hiro chim
5,88% v khi lng. Y l nguyn t
A. O B. P C. S D. Se
Tng t cch lm ca bi 67. t hc : YHn
n/ ( Y + n ) = 5.88/100
Cu 69: Tnh cht hoc i lng vt l no sau y, bin thin tun hon theo chiu tng ca in
tch ht nhn nguyn t ?
(1) bn knh nguyn t; (2) tng s e; (3) tnh kim loi; (4) tnh ph kim; (5) m in; (6)
nguyn t khi
A. (1), (2), (5) B. (3), (4), (6) C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (3), (4), (5)
Cu 70: Trong chu k, nguyn t thuc nhm no c nng lng ion ha nh nht ?
A. Phn nhm chnh nhm I (IA). B. Phn nhm chnh nhm II (IIA).
C. Phn nhm chnh nhm III (IIIA). D. Phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA).
Nng lng ion ha l nng lng cn tch e ra khi nguyn t .
Cc nguyn t thuc nhm kim loi kim IA c m in tng i nh d dng tch e
nng lng ion ha nh nht.
Cu 71: Trong cng mt phn nhm chnh, khi s hiu nguyn t tng dn th
A. nng lng ion ha gim dn. B. nguyn t khi gim dn.
C. tnh kim loi gim dn. D. bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Trong cng mt phn nhm chnh, i t trn xung di, s hiu tng dn, m in gim dn
kh nng tch e gim dn nng lng ion ha gim dn.
Cu 72: m in l i lng c trng cho kh nng ca nguyn t
A. ht e khi to lin kt ha hc. B. y e khi to thnh lin kt ha hc.
C. tham gia cc phn ng ha hc. D. nhng hoc nhn e khi to lin kt.
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Cu 73: Halogen c m in ln nht l
A. flo B. clo C. brom D. Iot
Cu 74: Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp ng theo th t gim dn m in ?
A. F, O, P, N. B. O, F, N, P. C. F, O, N, P. D. F, N, O, P.
Xt 3 nguyn t N, O, F cng chu k 2 c m in tng dn t N F
Xt trong cng nhm VA c m in gim dn t N P
kt hp c chiu m in gim dn t F P
Cu 75: Chn oxit c tnh baz mnh nht
A. BeO B. CO2 C. BaO D. Al2O3
Tnh bazo ca oxit nh gi qua mnh ca bazo tng ng ca n . Ba(Oh)2 c tnh bazo mnh
hn cc bazo Be(OH)2; Al(OH)3 , cn CO2 l oxit axit ko c tnh bazo
Cu 76: Cho oxit cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7.
Theo trt t trn, cc oxit c
A. tnh axit tng dn. B. tnh baz tng dn.
C. % khi lng oxi gim dn. D. tnh cng ha tr gim dn.
Tnh axit nh gia qua mnh yu ca axit tng ng vi oxit .
Ch : Ch oxit axit mi c th to axit ( khi td vi H2O ) , cn oxit bazo ko c kh nng
ny.
C th thy ngay t Na2O MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 l cc oxit bazo n
oxit axit tnh axit tng dn
Cu 77: Cc ion A2- v B2- u c cu hnh bn ca kh him. S hiu nguyn t hn km nhau 8
n v, thuc 2 chu k lin tip. A v B l
A. C v Si B. N v P C. S v Se D. O v S
V A2- v B2- c Che ca kh him, s hiu hn km nhau 8 n v A, B cng thuc nhm VI
A .
Vy ch c th l p n C hoc D.
Nhng S v Se li hn km nhau 18 n v s hiu loi
Vy ch c th l O v S => D
Cu 78: Chn th t tng dn bn knh nguyn t ca cc kim loi kim
A. Li< Na< K< Rb< Cs B. Cs< Rb< K< Na< Li
C. Li< K< Na< Rb< Cs D. Li< Na< K< Cs< Rb
y u l cc nguyn t thuc nhm kim loi kim IA
i t trn xung di, bn kinh nguyn t tng dn Li< Na< K< Rb< Cs
Cu 79: Xp Al, Si, Na, K, Mg theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
A. K, Na, Mg, Al, Si B. Si, Al, Mg, Na, K
C. Na, K, Mg, Si, Al D. Si, Al, Na, Mg, K
Xt trong chu k 3, i t tri sang phi, bn kinh nguyn t gim dn chiu bn knh nguyn t
tng dn l t phi sang, tc l: Si, Al, Mg, Na, K
Cu 80: Cc ion hoc cc nguyn t sau Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ u c 18e. Xp chng theo chiu bn knh
gim dn.
A. Ar, Ca2+, Cl- B. Cl-, Ca2+, Ar
C. Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ D. Ca2+, Ar, Cl-
Cht cho e => bn knh gim
Cht nhn e => bn knh tng
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Trong mt chu k: Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn => R phi kim tng
Cl

+ e => Cl
-
; Ca 2e => Ca
2+
=> Cl- > Ar > Ca2+ => C
Cu 81: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh phi kim mnh nht ?
A. I B. Cl C. F D. Br
Cu 82: Tnh cht no sau y ca cc nguyn t gim dn t tri sang phi trong 1 chu k
A. m in B. tnh kim loi
C. tnh phi kim D. s oxi ha trong oxit
i t tri qua phi l cc kim loi, kim, phi kim v cui cng l kh tr.
Cu 83: Trong bng HTTH, cc nguyn t c tnh phi kim in hnh v tr
A. pha di bn tri B. pha trn bn tri
C. pha trn bn phi D. pha di bn phi
Cu 84: Cc nguyn t h d v f (phn nhm B) u l
A. kim loi in hnh B. kim loi C. phi kim D. phi kim in hnh
Cu 85: Tnh axit ca cc oxit axit thuc phn nhm chnh V (VA) theo trt t gim dn l
A. H3SbO4, H3AsO4, H3PO4, HNO3 B. HNO3, H3PO4, H3SbO4, H3AsO4
C. HNO3, H3PO4, H3AsO4, H3SbO4 D. H3AsO4, H3PO4, H3SbO4, HNO3
HNO3 l axit rt mnh, ch sau anh HClO4 thi.
H3PO4 ui hn nhiu. Ch td vi cc KL mnh, bazo mnh.
H3AsO4, H3SbO4 th cng yu, gn nh chng bao gi ngi ta dng axit ny.
Cu 86: Trong cc hidroxit sau, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ?
A. Be(OH)2 B. Ba(OH)2 C. Mg(OH)2 D. Ca(OH)2
Trong mt nhm : Theo chiu t trn xung => Tnh bazo tng dn => Be(OH)2 < Mg(OH)2 <
Ca(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2
Cu 87: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn ?
A. H2SiO3, HAlO2, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 B. HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HAlO2,
H2SiO3
C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 D. H2SO4, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3,
HAlO2
HClO4 l axit v c mnh nht ( tnh ti hin ti l vy )
H2SO4 tng i mnh
H3PO4 l axit trung bnh
H2SiO3 kt ta, ko to d d axit
HAlO2 yu qu khng tn ti trong d d .
Cu 88: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s1. Bit rng X c s khi l 24 th trong
ht nhn ca X c:
A. 24 proton B. 11 proton, 13 ntron
C. 11 proton, 11 s ntron D. 13 proton, 11 ntron
Cu 89: Mt nguyn t (X) c 13 proton trong ht nhn. Khi lng ca proton trong ht nhn
nguyn t X l:
A. 78,26.1023 g B. 21,71.10-24 g C. 27 vC D. 27 g
1 p nng 1,67 . 10
-27
kg 13 p nng : 13 . 1,67 . 10
-27 =
21,71.10
-27
kg = . 21,71.10-24 g
Cu 90: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t X l:
A. nguyn t s B. nguyn t p C. nguyn t d D. nguyn t f
Mi phn lp p cha ti a 6e ( c 3 AO m ) s phn lp p trong X = [ 11/6] + 1 = 2
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X : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 X : nguyn t p
Cu 91:Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt km cht ch vi ht nhn nht?
A. lp K B. lp L C. lp M D. lp N
Lp e ngoi cng lin kt vi ht nhn km nht ( th nn mi d tch e lp ngoi trong cc p ) .
Trong 4 p/a thy N l lp ngoi nht chn N
Cu 92:Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc
electron ca nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong
nguyn t lu hunh l:
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 2
th 16 c 16 e lp v 1s2/ 2s2 2p6/ 3s2 3p4 L tng ng vi lp th 2 c 8 e
Cu 93: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi
cng cng l 6, cho bit X l nguyn t ha hc no sau y?
A. oxi(Z = 8) B. lu hunh (z = 16) C. Fe (z = 26) D. Cr (z = 24)
Mi phn lp s cha ti a 2e ( 1 AO ) s phn lp s trong nguyn t X = 6/2 = 3
Cu 94: Mt anion Rn- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron
phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B c th l
A. 3p2 B. 3p3 C. 3p4 hoc 3p5 D. A, B, C u
ng
R + ne R
n-

s e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R = 6 n
Ty vo GT ca n m A, B, C u c th tha mn.
Cu 95: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht bng 82, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22 ht. in tch ht nhn ca R l:
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26
Xem li cu 38 c hng dn chi tit cch gii dng ny ri.
p dng th n:
2p + n = 82
2p n = 22
Cu 96: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht bng 115. Trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l:
A. X
80
35
B. X
90
35
C. X
45
35
D. X
115
35

Xem li cu 38 c hng dn chi tit cch gii dng ny ri.
p dng th n:
2p + n = 115
2p n = 25
Cu 97: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 180. Trong cc ht mang in
chim 58,89% tng s ht. Nguyn t X l nguyn t no?
A. flo B. clo C. brom D. iot
Cu 98:Trong anion
2
3
XY c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s
ntron. X v Y l nguyn t no sau y?
A. C v O B. S v O C. Si v O D. C v S
s p = s n ( gt) x + 3y = 30 ( s p trong anion
2
3
XY = s p trong XY3)
chn X, Y
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Cu 99: Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s
ht trong X- nhiu hn trong M+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l :
A. CrCl3 B. FeCl3 C. AlCl3 D. SnCl3
2 Xm + Zm + ( 2 Xx + Zx ) .3 = 196
2Xm + 2Xx.3 ( Zm + Zx.3 ) = 60
Xx + Zx (Xm + Zm )= 8
(2Xx + Zx + 1 ) ( 2Xm + Zm 1 ) = 16
Cu 100: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 B.
1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 D.
1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
Cu 101: Cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t:
9X: 1s22s22p5 ; 11Y: 1s22s22p63s1 ; 13Z: 1s22s22p63s23p1 ; 8T: 1s22s22p4. Ion ca 4
nguyn t trn l:
A. X+, Y+, Z+, T2+ B. X-, Y+, Z3+, T2-
C. X-, Y2-, Z3+, T+ D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T-
Xc nh s e ha tr xu hng to ion ca nguyn t .( s e ha tr <4 xu hng nhng
e to ion dng; s e ha tr > 4 xu hng nhn e to ion m )
9X: 1s2/ 2s22p5 ; s e ha tr : 7 >4 xu hng nhn thm : 8 -7 = 1 e X-
11Y: 1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s1 ; s e ha tr : 1 <4 xu hng nhng 1 e Y+
13Z: 1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s23p1 ; s e ha tr : 3 <4 xu hng nhng 3e Z3+
8T: 1s2/ 2s22p4. s e ha tr : 6 xu hng nhn thm : 8 -6= 2 e T2-
chn B
Cu 102: Tng s electron trong anion
2
3
AB l 40. Anion
2
3
AB l:
A.
2
3
SiO B.
2
3
CO C.
2
3
SO D.
2
2
ZnO


eA + 3. eB +2 = 40
c th lun ra eA, eB . Nhng lt qua cc p n thy chng u c O trong ion. chn lun
B l Oxi , eB =8
eA = 14 A : Si => Anion
2
3
AB l:
2
3
SiO
Cu 103: Mt cation Rn+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron
phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B c th l
A. 3s2 B. 3p1 C. 3s1 D. A, B, C u
ng
R Rn+ + ne
s e phn lp ngoi ca R = 0 + n = ne
Vi cc gi tr n = 1,2,3 ( < 4 ) ta c phn lp ngoi tng ng l 3s1 , 3s2. 3p1 => chn D
Cu 104: Oxi c 3 ng v O O O
18
18
11
18
16
18
, , . Cacbon c hai ng v l:
12 13
6 6
, C C . Hi c th c bao
nhiu loi phn t kh cacbonic c to thnh gia cacbon v oxi?
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
Phn t CO2 c to ra t 1 nguyn t C v 2 nguyn t O.
Dng php t hp c s loi phn t CO2 to ra l : 2. ( 3.3 3 ) = 12 => B
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Cch khc
T hp xc xut => Chn 1 trong 2 C nhn vi 2 Oxi trong 3 oxi => C1(2) . C2(3) = 2.6 = 12

Cu 105: Hiro c 3 ng v H H H
3
1
2
1
1
1
, , v oxi c ng v O O O
18
18
17
18
16
18
, , . C th c bao nhiu phn
t H2O c to thnh t hiro v oxi?
A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 20
Phn t H2O c to ra t 2 nguyn t H v 1 nguyn t O
s loi phn t H2O to ra l: ( 3.3 -3 ).3 = 18 => C
Cch khc: Chn 1 Oxi trong 3 oxit v 2 H trong 3 H => C1(3) . C2(3) = 3 . 6 = 18 => C
Cu 106: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5. Clo trong t nhin c 2 ng v l Cl
35
v Cl
37
.
Phn trm v khi lng ca
37
17
Cl cha trong HClO4 (vi hiro l ng v H
1
1
, oxi l ng v O
16
8
)
l gi tr no sau y?
A. 9,40% B. 8,95% C. 9,67% D. 9,20%
Gi % ng v
37
17
Cl l x % % ng v Cl
35
l (100 x ) %
Dng cng thc nguyn t khi TB ( c th xem SGK Ha 10 NC trang 13) => %
37
17
Cl = 25%
% m
37
17
Cl trong HclO4 = ( 25/100 .37 ) / ( 25/100. 37 + 75/100 . 35 + 1 + 16 .4 ) . 100% = 9.204
% => D
Cu 107: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u c 5 nguyn t ca 2
nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong X+ bng 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50.Bit
rng hai nguyn t trong Y2- cng phn nhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng
h thng tun hon. Cng thc phn t ca M l:
A. (NH4)2SO4 B. NH4HCO3 C. (NH4)3PO4 D. (NH4)2SO3
Cu 108: Trong nhng hp cht sau y, cp cht no l ng v ca nhau:
A. K
40
19
v Ar
40
18
B.
16
8
O v
17
8
O C.
2
O v
3
O D. kim cng v than ch
Nh li khi nim ng v mt cht nh: Cc nguyn t cng s p nhng khc nahu v s N ( hay
s khi A )
chn B
Cu 109: K hiu nguyn t X
A
Z
cho bit nhng iu g v nguyn t X?
A. S hiu nguyn t. B. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t.
C. S khi ca nguyn t. D. S hiu nguyn t v s khi.
X
A
Z
: s hiu ( =s p = s e = s Z ) l Z . S khi l A
Cu 110: Ta c 2 k hiu U
234
92
v U
235
92
, nhn xt no sau y l ng?
A. C hai cng thuc v nguyn t urani. B. Mi nhn nguyn t u c 92 proton.
C. Hai nguyn t khc nhau v s electron. D. A, B u ng.
D thy U
234
92
v U
235
92
l 2 ng v ca nguyn t Urani ( U ) nn c s p = s e = s Z = 92 => D
Cu 111: Trong k hiu X
A
Z
th:
A. A l s khi xem nh gn bng khi lng nguyn t X. B. Z l s proton trong nguyn
t X.
C. Z l s electron lp v. D. C A, B, C u ng.
X
A
Z
: s hiu ( =s p = s e = s Z ) l Z . S khi l A
Cu 112: Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a
A. 1 electron B. 2 electron C. 3 electron D. 4 electron
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Cu 113: Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron.
C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t.
D. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v s ht ntron.
S p = s e nhng cha chc s p = s n ( Chnh v l do ny nn mi c s phn bit ng v ca
nguyn t )
Cu 114: Mnh no sau y khng ng?
A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l 1 : 1.
B. Ch c trong nguyn t magi mi c 12 electron.
C. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c 12 proton.
D. Nguyn t magi c 3 lp electron.
Cu 115: Obitan nguyn t l
A. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh v tr electron ti tng
thi im.
B. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh c v tr ca 2 electron
cng mt lc.
C. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn trong kh nng c mt electron l ln nht.
D. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s tm ni
Cu 116: N.t M c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p4. Phn b electron trn cc obitan l:

A. B.

C. D.
Cu 117: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 1
eletron c thn
A. 6. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
Cu 118: Ht nhn ca ion X+ c in tch l 30,4.10-19 culng. Vy nguyn t l:
A. Ar B. K C. Ca D. Cl
Cu 119: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon c tng s
n v in tch ht nhn l 25. A, B l
A. Li, Be B. Mg, Al C. K, Ca D. Na, K
Cu 120: Trong cc nguyn t t Z =22 n Z = 30. Nguyn t no c nhiu electron c thn
nht:
A. Z =22 B. Z =24 C. Z =25 D. Z =26.
Cu 121: Hai nguyn t X, Y hai nhm A lin tip trong bng tun hon. X thuc nhm V.
trng
thi n cht X v Y khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca X v Y bng
23. Hai nguyn t X, Y l
A. N, O B. N, S C. P, O D. P, S
S p trung bnh = 23/2=11.5 , trong c nguyn t X thuc nhm V=> X c th l O ( Z = 8)
hoc S ( Z = 16 ) tng ng vi c Y l P ( Z = 15 ) hoc N ( Z =7 )
M X ko p vi Y cp X; Y = ( O; P ) b loi
(X;Y) = ( S ; N )
|+ |+ |+ |+
+

|+ |+ | |+ +
|+ || |+ | | |+ |+ |

|+ |

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B
Cu 122: A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun
hon. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn ca A v B l 32. Hai nguyn t l
A. Mg v Ca B. O v S C. N v Si D. C v Si
A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. => s
p chnh lch nhau 8 n v .
GS Z
A
< Z
B
=> Z
A
+ ( Z
A
+ 8 ) = 32 => Z
A
= 12 ( Mg ) => chn A
Cu 123: Trong c c nguy n t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 2
eletron c thn
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 124: Trong nguyn t, electron ha tr l cc electron
A. c thn. B. phn lp ngoi cng.
C. obitan ngoi cng. D. tham gia to lin kt ha hc.
Electron ha tr : electron linh ng d dng nhy t nguyn t ny sang nguyn t khc, l c s
hnh thnh llieen kt ha hc . S e ha tr = s e lp ngoi .
Cu 125: Bn cht ca lin kt ion l lc ht tnh in gia
A. 2 ion. B. 2 ion dng v m.
C. cc ht mang in tri du. D. nhn v cc e ha tr.
Cu 126: Lin kt ion to thnh gia hai nguyn t
A. kim loi in hnh. B. phi kim in hnh.
C. kim loi v phi kim. D. kim loi in hnh v phi kim in
hnh.
Do kim loi v phi kim in hnh d dng nhng, nhn e to ion + v ion - => hnh thnh LK ion
Cu 127: Nhm hp cht no sau y u l hp cht ion ?
A. H2S, Na2O. B. CH4, CO2. C. CaO, NaCl. D. SO2,
KCl.
Cu 128: in ha tr ca Mg v Cl trong MgCl2 theo th t l
A. 2 v 1. B. 2+ v 1-. C. +2 v -1. D. 2+ v 2-
Cch ghi in ha tr:
in ha tr = [ ha tr ] + [ du ca in tch ]
Cu 129: Hu ht cc hp cht ion
A. c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. B. d ha tan trong cc dung mi hu c.
C. trng thi nng chy khng dn in. D. tan trong nc thnh dung dch khng
in li.
A ng: Hu ht hp cht ion c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao do lin kt ion phn cc
mnh => thng hnh thnh mng tinh th bn vng.
B sai: do phn t LK ion phn cc mnh tan tt trong cc dung mi phn cc ( nh H2O ^^ ) v
t tan trong dung mi khng phn cc , m a s cc dung mi hu c u khng phn cc.
C sai do: Khi nng chy cc e dch chuyn hn n dn in tt
D sai do tnh phn cc ca cc hp cht LK ion nn khi ha tan vo H2O chng d dng phn li
thnh ion + v ion -
Cu 130: Cho m in: Be (1,5), Al (1,5), Mg (1,2), Cl (3,0), N (3,0), H (2,1), S (2,5), O (3,5).
Cht no sau y c lin kt ion ?
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A. H2S, NH3. B. BeCl2, BeS. C. MgO, Al2O3. D. MgCl2,
AlCl3.
Cu 131: Nguyn t c s hiu 20, khi to thnh lin kt ha hc s
A. mt 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2+. B. nhn 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2-.
C. gp chung 2e to thnh 2 cp e chung. D. gp chung 1e to thnh 1 cp e chung.
Cu 132: Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt gia 2 nguyn t
A. phi kim, c to thnh do s gp chung e. B. khc nhau, c to thnh do s gp
chung e.
C. c to thnh do s gp chung 1 hay nhiu e. D. c to thnh t s cho nhn e gia
chng.
Cu 133: Chn hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr.
A. NaCl, CaO. B. HCl, CO2. C. KCl, Al2O3. D. MgCl2, Na2O.
Cu 134: Lin kt cng ha tr c cc to thnh gia hai nguyn t
A. phi kim khc nhau. B. cng mt phi kim in hnh.
C. phi kim mnh v kim loi mnh. D. kim loi v kim loi.
Cu 135: Loi lin kt trong phn t kh hiroclorua l lin kt
A. cho nhn. B. cng ha tr c cc. C. cng ha tr khng cc. D. Ion
Cu 136: Cng ha tr ca Cl v O trong Cl2O7, theo th t l
A. 7 v 2. B. 2 v 7. C. 4 v 1. D. 1 v 2.
Xc nh cng ha tr chnh l xc nh s e m nguyn t gp chung hay l tr s ca s oxh
nguyn t trong phn t.
C th thy trong hc Cl2O7 : Cl c s oxh +7, O c s oxh -2 => tr s tng ng l 7,2
Cu 137: Cng ha tr ca N trong phn t HNO3 v NH4+ (theo th t) l
A. 5 v 4. B. 4 v 4. C. 3 v 4. D. 4 v 3
Cu 138: Cho cc phn t sau: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl lin kt trong phn t mang nhiu tnh
Ion nht l:
A. CsCl B. LiCl v NaCl C. KCl D. RbCl
cc phn t LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl u cu to t cc KL mnh IA v Cl. Do m in
t Li Cs gim dn nn phn cc ca phn t t LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl tng dn CsCl
phn cc nht tnh ion cao nht.
Cu 139: a s cc hp cht cng ha tr c c im l
A. c th ha tan trong dung mi hu c. B. nhit nng chy v nhit si cao.
C. c kh nng dn in khi th lng hoc nng chy. D. khi ha tan trong nc thnh dd in li.
a s cc hp cht cng ha tr phn cc km d dng ha tan trong dung mi hu c (
khng phn cc )
Cu 140: Chn cu sai:
A. in ha tr c trong hp cht ion. B. in ha tr bng s cp e dng
chung.
C. Cng ha tr c trong hp cht cng ha tr. D. Cng ha tr bng s cp e dng
chung.
in ha tr c trong hp cht ion . , m hc ion th ko c s gp chung e B sai
Cu 142: Chn cu sai: Lin kt cho nhn
A. l trng hp c bit ca lin kt cng ha tr.
B. vi cp e chung ch do 1 nguyn t ng gp.
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C. biu din bng mi tn t nguyn t cho n nguyn t nhn.
D. to thnh gia nguyn t kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh.
Thy D sai ngay. Do phan t to bi nguyn t kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh. thng l hc
LK ion
Cu 143: Lin kt no phn cc nht ?
A. H2O B. NH3 C. NCl3 D. CO2
Phn t NH3 v NCl3 c phn cc nhng tng i yu ( do m in gia 2 tn n chnh lch t
hiu m in nh )
Phn t CO2 c cu to ng thng O=C=O phn cc b trit tiu phn t khng
phn cc
H2O phn cc nht ( phn t c hnh dng ch V hp momen lng cc ln )
Cu 144: Cho cc oxit: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7. Dy cc hp cht trong
phn t ch gm lin kt cng ho tr l:
A. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 B. SiO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, Al2O3
C. Na2O, SiO2, MgO, SO3 D. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Al2O3
Dng ny dng pp loi tr cho nhanh . :
+ B, D sai do c Al2O3 : LK ion
+ C sai do c Na2O : LK ion => chn A
Cu 145: Xt oxit cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3, oxit c lin kt ion l
A. Na2O, MgO, Al2O3. B. SiO2, P2O5, SO3. C. SO3, Cl2O7, Cl2O D. Al2O3, SiO2,
SO2.
Na, Mg, Al u l cc Kim loi mnh in hnh
O l PK in hnh
=> Hp cht Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 u c LK ion
Cu 146: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t l ns2np5. Lin kt ca cc nguyn t
ny vi nguyn t hiro thuc loi lin kt no sau y?
A. Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc. B. Lin kt cng ho tr c cc.
C. Lin kt ion. D. Lin kt tinh th.
Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np5 nhm VII ( halogen ) . LK ca hidro vi halogen l LK
CHT . Li c hiu m in >0,4 CHT c cc.
Cu 147: Chn cu sai?
A. Kim cng thuc loi tinh th nguyn t.
B. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr.
C. Lin kt trong tinh th nguyn t rt bn.
D. Tinh th nguyn t c nhit nng chy v si thp.
Tnh th nguyn t c nhit nc, to si ln nht trong 4 loi mng tinh th. Do tinh th nguyn t
cu to t cc nguyn t, sp xp trt t to thnh mng bn vng , rt kh ph v ( VD in hnh
l mng TT nguyn t cacbonn Kim cng bn v i ^^ )
Cu 148: Chn cht c tinh th phn t.
A. iot, nc , kali clorua. B. iot, naphtalen, kim cng.
C. nc , naphtalen, iot. D. than ch, kim cng, silic.
TT phn t hnh thnh do tng tc yu gia cc phn t .
Dng pp loi tr .:
+ A sai do KCl l Lk ion mng TT ion
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+ B , D sai do kim cng l TT nguyn t
Cu 149: Chn cht c dng tinh th ion.
A. mui n. B. than ch. C. nc . D. iot.
Mui n hay NaCl c LK ion trong phn t TT ion
Gm c: LK nguyn t, LK ion, LK kim loi , LK phn t
Cu 150: Chn cu sai: Trong tinh th phn t
A. lc lin kt gia cc phn t yu. B. Lin kt gia cc phn t l lin kt cng ha
tr.
C. v tr nt mng l cc phn t. D. cc phn t sp xp theo mt trt t xc nh.
LK cng ha tr ch hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t cu thnh nn phn t trong TT ch khng hnh
thnh gia cc phn t trong TT =.> B sai
Cu 151: Cht no sau y c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t ?
A. H2O, HF B. H2S , HCl C. SiH4, CH4 D. PH3, NH3
LK hidro hnh thnh nu 2 K chnh:
+ phn t cha H
+ phn t phn cc mnh
p dng cho bi trn
+ A ng do c 2 phn t H2O, HF u cha H v phn cc mnh
+ B c H2S phn cc yu
+ C c SiH4 phn cc yu
+ D gm 2 phn t u phn cc yu ( hiu m in nh )
chn A
Cu 152: Nhit si ca H2O cao hn so vi H2S l do
A. phn t khi ca H2O nh hn. B. di lin kt trong H2O ngn hn trong H2S.
C. gia cc phn t nc c lin kt hidro. D. s phn cc lin kt trong H2O ln hn.
Ch : Vi cc hp cht v c , nh gi nhit si ngi ta da vo 3 tiu ch chnh: phn t
khi, lin kt hidro, lin kt vandervan.
p dng: H2O phn cc mnh hn H2S hnh thnh lin kt Hidro to si cao
Cu 153: So vi N2, kh NH3 tan c nhiu trong nc hn v
A. NH3 c lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. NH3 to c lin kt hiro vi nc.
C. NH3 c phn ng mt phn vi nc. D. trong phn t NH3 ch c lin kt n.






S phn cc ca phn t NH3 ( hp momen lng cc )
So vi N2, NH3 phn cc mnh hn LK H vi H2O tan tt hn
Cu 154: Ging nhau gia lin kt ion v lin kt kim loi l
A. u c to thnh do sc ht tnh in. B. u c s cho v nhn cc e ha tr.
C. u c s gp chung cc e ha tr. D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng
chy cao.
Cu 155: Ging nhau gia lin kt cng ha tr v lin kt kim loi l
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A. u c nhng cp e dng chung.
B. u to thnh t nhng e chung gia cc nguyn t.
C. u l nhng lin kt tng i km bn.
D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy thp.
Cu 156: Nu lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh do 2 electron ca mt nguyn t v 1 obitan
trng ca nguyn t khc th lin kt c gi l:
A. lin kt cng ha tr c cc B. lin kt cho nhn
C. lin kt t do - ph thuc D. lin kt pi
Cu 157: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c lin kt cng ho tr?
1. H2S 2. SO2 3. NaCl 4. CaO 5. NH3 6. HBr 7. H2SO4 8. CO2 9.
K2S
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 B. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9
C. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 D. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Dng pp loi tr : 3, 4 , 9 u l hc to bi KL mnh v PK in hnh => LK ion .
Ko c LK cho nhn.
vy cn li 1,2,5,6,,7,8 l LK CHT
Cu 158: Cc cht trong dy no sau y ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc?
A. HCl, KCl, HNO3, NO. B. NH3, KHSO4, SO2, SO3.
C. N2, H2S, H2SO4, CO2. D.CH4, C2H2, H3PO4, NO2
Tng t loi tr:
+ A sai do KCl l hc LK ion
+ B sai do SO2 l hc LK cho nhn

+ C sai do N2 l LK CHT ko phn cc.
=> chn D
Cu 159: Dy phn t no cho di y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc?
A. N2, CO2, Cl2, H2. B. N2, Cl2, H2, HCl.
C. N2, HI, Cl2, CH4. D. Cl2, O2. N2, F2
Lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t cng nguyn t.
chn D
Cu 160: a. C 2 nguyn t X (Z = 19); Y (X = 17) hp cht to bi X v Y c cng thc v kiu
lin kt l
A. XY, lin kt ion B. X
2
Y , lin kt ion
C. XY, lin kt cng ha tr c cc D. XY
2
, lin kt cng ha tr c cc
Cu 161:a. Ion X
2-
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s
2
2p
6
. Nguyn t X c v tr
A. th 10 chu k 2 nhm VIII B. th 8 , chu k 2 nhm VIA
C. th 12 chu k 3 nhm IIA D. th 9 chu k 2 nhm VIIA
Cu 162: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron:1s22s22p63s23p4. Cng thc oxit cao
nht v cng thc hp cht vi hidro ca X l:
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A. XO2 v XH4 B. XO3 v XH2 C. X2O5 v XH3 D. X2O7 v
XH
Cu 163: Nguyn t C trong hp cht CH4 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
Theo quy tc: Lai ha sp
n

n = 3 s AO trng s LK pi
p dng c: n = 3-0-0=3 => sp3

Phn t CH4 c dng t din nguyn t trung tm lai ha sp3 - hnh thnh 4 AO, xen ph
vi 4 AO ca 4 nguyn t H
Cu 164: Cc nguyn t P, N trong hp cht PH3, NH3 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2
C. sp D. khng lai ha.
N =3 0 0 = 3 sp3
Cu 165: Nguyn t C trong hp cht C2H2 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
Phn t C2H2 c 2 LK pi
n = 3 -0 2 = 1 sp
Cu 165: Nguyn t C trong hp cht C2H4 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
C2H4 c 1 lk pi
n = 3 0 1 =2 sp2
Cu 166: Nguyn t B trong hp cht BF3 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
n = 3 -1 -0 = 2 sp2
Cu 167: Nguyn t Be trong hp cht BeH2 c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
n = 3 -2 0 = 1 sp
Cu 168: Nguyn t C trong tinh th kim cng c kiu lai ha:
A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.
n = 3-0-0 = sp3
Cu 169: Hnh dng ca cc phn t metan, boflorua, nc, berihirua, amoniac tng ng l
A. t din, tam gic,thng, gp khc, chp. B. t din, gp khc, tam gic, thng,
chp.
C. tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp t din. D. t din, tam gic, gp khc, thng,
chp.
Do phn t CH4, BF3, H2O , BeH2 , NH3 c kiu lai ha ln lt l sp3, sp2, sp3 , sp, sp2
hnh dng tng ng ln lt l t din, tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp
Cu 170: Nguyn tc no sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon sau y l sai ?
A. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t.
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B. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
C. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
D. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct.
Sp xp theo khi lng nguyn t l khng hp l. Mendeleef tng sp xp theo cch ny, v ng
nhn ra l sp xp theo khi lng s c nhiu ch khng bin i theo quy lut , v sp xp theo
s p th quy lut th hin r rng cch sp xp theo p dng n hin nay.
A sai

BI TP V CN BNG HA HC V TC PHN NG

Cu 1: Cho cn bng ho hc: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k);H > 0. Cn bng khng b chuyn dch
khi
A. tng nhit ca h. B. gim nng HI.
C. tng nng H2. D. gim p sut chung ca h.
Cu 2: Cho cn bng: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh
so vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:
A. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit .
B. Phn ng nghch to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
D. Phn ng thun to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit .
Cu 3: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) 25oC. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng
mi nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2
A.tng 9 ln. B. tng 3 ln. C. tng 4,5 ln. D. gim 3 ln.
Cu 4: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2 (k) N2O4 (k).
(mu nu ) (khng mu) Bit khi h nhit
ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
A. H > 0, phn ng ta nhit. B. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
C. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit. D. H < 0, Pthu nhit.
Cu 5: Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng to
nhit. Pht biu ng l:
A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2.
C. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng.
D. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3.
Cu 6: Cho cn bng ha hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) ;H < 0 Cn bng trn chuyn dch
theo chiu thun khi
A. tng nhit ca h phn ng. B. gim p sut ca h phn ng.
C. tng p sut ca h phn ng. D. thm cht xc tc vo h phn ng.
Cu 7: Cho phn ng: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) nhit 430C, hng s cn bng KC ca phn
ng trn bng 53,96. un nng mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt cha 4,0 gam H2 v 406,4
gam I2. Khi h phn ng t trng thi cn bng 430C, nng ca HI l
A. 0,275M. B. 0,225M. C. 0,151M. D. 0,320M.
Cu 8: Cho cn bng ho hc: PCl5 (k) PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k); H >0. Cn bng chuyn dch
theo chiu thun khi
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A. thm PCl3 vo h phn ng. B. tng p sut ca h phn
ng.
C. tng nhit ca h phn ng. D. thm Cl2 vo h p
Cu 8: Cho cc cn bng sau:
(1) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
xt,t
o
2SO3 (k) (2) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
xt,t
o
2NH3 (k)
(3) CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
xt,t
o
CO (k) + H2O (k) (4) 2HI (k)
xt,t
o
H2 (k) + I2 (k)
Khi thay i p sut, nhm gm cc cn bng ho hc u khng b chuyn dch l
A.(1) v (2). B. (1) v (3). C. (3) v (4). D. (2) v (4).
Cu 9: Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau: CO (k) + H2O (k) CO2 (k) + H2 (k); H < 0 Trong
cc yu t: (1) tng nhit ; (2) thm mt lng hi nc; (3) thm mt lng H2; (4) tng p
sut chung ca h; (5) dng cht xc tc. Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng ca h l:
A.(1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 10: Cho cc cn bng sau: (1) H2 (k) +I2 (k) 2HI(k) (2) H2 (k) + I2(k) HI(k)
(3) HI(k) H2 (k) + I2 (k) (4) 2HI(k) H2 (k) + I2 (k) (5) H2 (k)+I2 (r)
2HI(k)
nhit xc nh, nu KC ca cn bng (1) bng 64 th KC bng 0,125 l ca cn bng
A. (4). B. (2). C. (3). D. (5).
Cu 11: Cho cc cn bng ho hc:
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) (1) H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) (2)
2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k) (3) 2NO2 (k) N2O4 (k) (4)
Khi thay i p sut nhng cn bng ha hc b chuyn dch l:
A.(1), (2), (3). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 12: Cho cn bng ho hc sau: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k); H < 0.
Cho cc bin php: (1) tng nhit , (2) tng p sut chung ca h phn ng, (3) h nhit
, (4) dng thm cht xc tc V2O5, (5) gim nng SO3, (6) gim p sut chung ca h phn
ng. Nhng bin php lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A.(1), (2), (4), (5). B. (2), (3), (5). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 13: Cho 5,6 gam CO v 5,4 gam H2O vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt. Nung nng
bnh mt thi gian 830oC h t n trng thi cn bng: CO (k) + H2O (k) CO2 (k) + H2
(k) (hng s cn bng KC = 1). Nng cn bng ca CO, H2O ln lt l
A. 0,08M v 0,18M. B. 0,018M v 0,008M.
C. 0,012M v 0,024M. D. 0,008M v 0,018M.
Cu 14: Cho cc cn bng sau: (I) 2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2 (k); (II) CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2
(k);
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO2 (k); (IV) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k).
Khi gim p sut ca h, s cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu nghch l
A.4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1
Cu 15: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O2
( ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l
A. 45,0.10mol/(l.s). B. 55,0.10mol/(l.s).
C. 31,0.10mol/(l.s). D. 42,5.10mol/(l.s).
Cu 16 Xt phn ng phn hy N2O5 trong dung mi CCl4 450C :N2O5 N2O4 + O2
Ban u nng ca N2O5 l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N2O5 l 2,08M. Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo N2O5 l
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A. 1,36.10-3 mol/(l.s). B. 6,80.10-4 mol/(l.s)
C. 6,80.10-3 mol/(l.s). D. 2,72.10-3 mol/(l.s).
Cu 17 Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); H = 92 kJ. Hai bin php u
lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun l
A. gim nhit v gim p sut. B. tng nhit v tng p sut.
C. gim nhit v tng p sut. D. tng nhit v gim p sut.
Cu 18 Cho cn bng ha hc : CaCO3 (rn) CaO (rn) + CO2(kh)Bit phn ng thun
l phn ng thu nhit. Tc ng no sau y vo h cn bng cn bng cho chuyn dch theo
chiu thun?
A. Gim nhit . B. Tng p sut. C. Tng nng t kh CO2. D. Tng nhit
.
Cu 19 Cho phn ng ha hc : Br2 + HCOOH 2HBr + CO2
Lc u nng ca HCOOH l 0,010 mol/l, sau 40 giy nng ca HCOOH l 0,008
mol/l. Tc trun g bnh ca phn ng trong khong thi gian sau 40 giy tnh theo HCOOH l
A. 5,0.10-5 mol/(l.s) B. 2,5.10-4 mol/(l.s)
C. 2,0.10-4 mol/(l.s) D. 2,5.10-5 mol/(l.s)

CHUYN 2 KIM LOI
Phn 1 TM TT L THUYT

A-I CNG KIM LOI - V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOI
I./ Tnh cht vt l:
Kim loi c nhng tnh cht vt l chung :Tnh do - Tnh dn in - Tnh dn nhit - nh kim
Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron t do trong mng tinh
th kim loi.
II./ Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh (d b oxi ha)
M ---> M
n+
+ ne (n=1,2 hoc 3e)
1./ Tc dng vi phi kim:
Th d: 2Fe + 3Cl
2

o
t
2FeCl
3

Cu + Cl
2

o
t
CuCl
2

4Al + 3O
2

o
t
2Al
2
O
3

Fe + S
o
t
FeS
Hg + S ------> HgS
2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
a./ Vi dung dch axit HCl , H
2
SO
4
long: (tr cc kim loi Cu , Ag , Hg , Au khng c
phn ng) sn phm l mui v kh H
2
.
Th d: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

b./ Vi dung dch HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c: (tr Pt , Au khng phn ng) sn phm l mui + sn
phm kh + nc.
Th d: 3Cu + 8HNO
3
(long)
o
t
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
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Fe + 4HNO
3
(long)
o
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Ch : HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c ngui khng phn ng vi cc kim loi Al , Fe, Cr
3./ Tc dng vi nc: cc kim loi Li , K , Ba , Ca , Na phn ng c vi nc nhit
thng to baz v kh H
2

Th d: 2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

4./ Tc dng vi dung dch mui: kim loi mnh hn kh ion ca kim loi yu hn trong dung dch
mui thnh kim loi t do.
Th d: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
iu kin kim loi A y kim loi B ra khi mui : A + B
n+

+ Kim loi A ng trc kim loi B trong dy hot ng ha hc
+Kim loi A khng tan trong nc
+Mui to thnh phi tan
III./ Dy in ha ca kim loi:
1./ Dy in ha ca kim loi:
K
+
Na
+
Ca
2+
Mg
2+
Al
3+
Zn
2+
Fe
2+
Ni
2+
Sn
2+
Pb
2+
H Cu
2+
Fe
3+
Hg
2+
Ag
+
Pt
2+
Au
3+

Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn
K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H
2
Cu Fe
2+
Hg Ag Pt Au

Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn
2./ ngha ca dy in ha:
D on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ha kh xy ra theo chiu: cht oxi ha mnh
hn s oxi ha cht kh mnh hn sinh ra cht oxi ha yu hn v cht kh yu hn.
Th d: phn ng gia 2 cp Fe
2+
/Fe v Cu
2+
/Cu l:
Cu
2+
+ Fe Fe
2+
+ Cu
Oxh mnh kh mnh oxh yu kh yu



Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu

X
x+
Y
y+
X Y
Phng trnh phn ng : Y
y+
+ X X
x+
+ Y

S N MN KIM LOI
I./ Khi nim:
S n mn kim loi l s ph hy kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi
trng xung quanh.
M ----> M
n+
+ ne
II./ Cc dng n mn kim loi:
Fe
2+
Cu
2+
Fe Cu
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1./ n mn ha hc: l qu trnh oxi ha - kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn
trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
2./ n mn in ha hc:
a./ Khi nim: n mn in ha l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do
tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.
b./ C ch:
+ Cc m: kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn b oxi ha.
+ Cc dng: kim loi c tnh kh yu hn.
III./ Chng n mn kim loi:
a./ Phng php bo v b mt:
b./ Phng php in ha:
Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn. Th d: bo v v tu
bin lm bng thp ngi ta gn vo nhng mt ngoi ca v tu (phn chm di nc) nhng l
km (Zn).

IU CH KIM LOI
I./Nguyn tc:
Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t.
M
n+
+ ne ----> M
II./ Phng php:
1./ Phng php nhit luyn: dng iu ch nhng kim loi (sau Al) nh: Zn , Fe , Sn , Pb , Cu ,
Hg
Dng cc cht kh mnh nh: C , CO , H
2
hoc Al kh cc ion kim loi trong oxit nhit
cao.
Th d: PbO + H
2

o
t
Pb + H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3CO
o
t
2Fe + 3CO
2

2./ phng php thy luyn: dng iu ch nhng kim loi Cu , Ag , Hg
Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi trong dung dch mui
Th d: Fe + CuSO
4
---> Cu + FeSO
4

3./ Phng php in phn:
a./ in phn nng chy: iu ch nhng kim loi K , Na , Ca , Mg , Al.
in phn nng chy cc hp cht (mui, oxit, baz) ca chng.
Th d: 2NaCl
pnc
2Na + Cl
2

MgCl
2

pnc
Mg + Cl
2

2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2

b./ in phn dung dch: iu ch kim loi ng sau Al.
Th d: CuCl
2

pdd
Cu + Cl
2

4AgNO
3
+ 2H
2
O
pdd
4Ag + O
2
+ 4HNO
3

CuSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
pdd
2Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
+ O
2


c./Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc
m=
n
AIt
96500

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m: Khi lng cht thu c cc in cc
A: Khi lng mol nguyn t (hay M)
I: Cng dng in (ampe0
t : Thi gian (giy)
n : s electron m nguyn t hay ion cho hoc nhn

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
A./ Kim loi kim th
I./ V tr cu hnh electron:
Thuc nhm IIA gm cc nguyn t sau: beri (Be) , magie (Mg) , canxi (Ca) , stronti (Sr) , bari
(Ba).
Cu hnh electron:
Be (Z=4) 1s
2
2s
2
hay [He]2s
2

Mg (Z=12) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
hay [Ne]3s
2

Ca (Z= 20) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
hay [Ar]4s
2

u c 2e lp ngoi cng
II./ Tnh cht vt l :
+ t
o
n/c
, t
o
si
, tng i thp (tr Ba)
+ Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm
+ cng cao hn kim loi kim nhng thp hn nhm
(t
o
n/c
, t
o
si
, khi lng ring bin i khng theo quy lut nh kim loi kim vi kiu mng tinh th
khng ging nhau)
III./ Tnh cht ha hc:
C tnh kh mnh (nhng yu hn kim loi kim)
M ---> M
2+
+ 2e
1./ Tc dng vi phi kim:
Th d: Ca + Cl
2
---> CaCl
2

2Mg + O
2
---> 2MgO
2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
a./ Vi axit HCl , H
2
SO
4
long: to mui v gii phng H
2

Th d: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl
2
+ H
2

Mg + H
2
SO
4
---> MgSO
4
+ H
2

b./ Vi axit HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c: to mui + sn phm kh + H
2
O
Th d: 4Mg + 10HNO
3
( long) ---> 4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ NH
4
NO
3
+ 3H
2
O
4Mg + 5H
2
SO
4
(c) ---> 4MgSO
4
+ H
2
S

+ 4H
2
O
3./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng: Ca , Sr , Ba phn ng to baz v H
2
.
Th d: Ca + 2H
2
O

---> Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
4./ iu ch: in phn mui clorua nng chy
pnc
RCl
2
---> R + Cl
2
B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi:
I./ Canxi hidroxit Ca(OH)
2
:
+ Tc dng vi axit: Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HCl ---> CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tc dng vi oxit axit: Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
---> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (nhn bit kh CO
2
)
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+ Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Ca(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ 2NaOH
II./ Canxi cacbonat CaCO
3
:
+ Phn ng phn hy: CaCO
3
o
t
CaO + CO
2

+ Phn ng vi axit mnh: CaCO
3
+ 2HCl ---> CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
+ Phn ng vi nc c CO
2
: CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
---> Ca(HCO
3
)
2

III./ Canxi sunfat:
Thch cao sng: CaSO
4
.2H
2
O
Thch cao nung: CaSO
4
.H
2
O
Thch cao khan: CaSO
4

C./ Nc cng:
1./ Khi nim: nc c cha nhiu ion Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
c gi l nc cng.
Phn loi:
a./ Tnh cng tm thi: gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v Mg(HCO
3
)
2

b./ Tnh cng vnh cu: gy nn bi cc mui CaSO
4
, MgSO
4
, CaCl
2
, MgCl
2

c./ Tnh cng ton phn: gm c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu.
2./ Cch lm mm nc cng:
Nguyn tc: l lm gim nng cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong nc cng.
a./ phng php kt ta:
* i vi nc c tnh cng tm thi:
+ un si , lc b kt ta.
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
o
t

CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
+ Dng Ca(OH)
2
, lc b kt ta:
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
---> 2CaCO
3
+ 2H
2
O
+ Dng Na
2
CO
3
( hoc Na
3
PO
4
):
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ 2NaHCO
3

* i vi nc c tnh cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng Na
2
CO
3
(hoc Na
3
PO
4
)
Th d: CaSO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

b./ Phng php trao i ion:
3./ Nhn bit ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong dung dch:
Thuc th: dung dch cha CO
3
2-
(nh Na
2
CO
3
)

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
A./ Kim loi kim th
I./ V tr cu hnh electron:
Thuc nhm IIA gm cc nguyn t sau: beri (Be) , magie (Mg) , canxi (Ca) , stronti (Sr) , bari
(Ba).
Cu hnh electron:
Be (Z=4) 1s
2
2s
2
hay [He]2s
2

Mg (Z=12) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
hay [Ne]3s
2

Ca (Z= 20) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
hay [Ar]4s
2

u c 2e lp ngoi cng
II./ Tnh cht vt l :
+ t
o
n/c
, t
o
si
, tng i thp (tr Ba)
+ Khi lng ring nh, nh hn nhm
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+ cng cao hn kim loi kim nhng thp hn nhm
(t
o
n/c
, t
o
si
, khi lng ring bin i khng theo quy lut nh kim loi kim vi kiu mng tinh th
khng ging nhau)
III./ Tnh cht ha hc:
C tnh kh mnh (nhng yu hn kim loi kim)
M ---> M
2+
+ 2e
1./ Tc dng vi phi kim:
Th d: Ca + Cl
2
---> CaCl
2

2Mg + O
2
---> 2MgO
2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
a./ Vi axit HCl , H
2
SO
4
long: to mui v gii phng H
2

Th d: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl
2
+ H
2

Mg + H
2
SO
4
---> MgSO
4
+ H
2

b./ Vi axit HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c: to mui + sn phm kh + H
2
O
Th d: 4Mg + 10HNO
3
( long) ---> 4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ NH
4
NO
3
+ 3H
2
O
4Mg + 5H
2
SO
4
(c) ---> 4MgSO
4
+ H
2
S

+ 4H
2
O
3./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng: Ca , Sr , Ba phn ng to baz v H
2
.
Th d: Ca + 2H
2
O

---> Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
4./ iu ch: in phn mui clorua nng chy
pnc
RCl
2
---> R + Cl
2
B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi:
I./ Canxi hidroxit Ca(OH)
2
:
+ Tc dng vi axit: Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HCl ---> CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tc dng vi oxit axit: Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
---> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (nhn bit kh CO
2
)
+ Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Ca(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ 2NaOH
II./ Canxi cacbonat CaCO
3
:
+ Phn ng phn hy: CaCO
3
o
t
CaO + CO
2

+ Phn ng vi axit mnh: CaCO
3
+ 2HCl ---> CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
+ Phn ng vi nc c CO
2
: CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
---> Ca(HCO
3
)
2

III./ Canxi sunfat:
Thch cao sng: CaSO
4
.2H
2
O
Thch cao nung: CaSO
4
.H
2
O
Thch cao khan: CaSO
4

C./ Nc cng:
1./ Khi nim: nc c cha nhiu ion Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
c gi l nc cng.
Phn loi:
a./ Tnh cng tm thi: gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v Mg(HCO
3
)
2

b./ Tnh cng vnh cu: gy nn bi cc mui CaSO
4
, MgSO
4
, CaCl
2
, MgCl
2

c./ Tnh cng ton phn: gm c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu.
2./ Cch lm mm nc cng:
Nguyn tc: l lm gim nng cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong nc cng.
a./ phng php kt ta:
* i vi nc c tnh cng tm thi:
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+ un si , lc b kt ta.
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
o
t

CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
+ Dng Ca(OH)
2
, lc b kt ta:
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
---> 2CaCO
3
+ 2H
2
O
+ Dng Na
2
CO
3
( hoc Na
3
PO
4
):
Th d: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ 2NaHCO
3

* i vi nc c tnh cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng Na
2
CO
3
(hoc Na
3
PO
4
)
Th d: CaSO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
---> CaCO
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

b./ Phng php trao i ion:
3./ Nhn bit ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong dung dch:
Thuc th: dung dch cha CO
3
2-
(nh Na
2
CO
3
)

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
A./ Nhm:
I./ V tr cu hnh electron:
Nhm IIIA , chu k 3 , th 13.
Cu hnh electron: Al (Z=13): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
hay [Ne]3s
2
3p
1
Al
3+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
II./ Tnh cht vt l:
+ Mu trng bc, nng chy 660
oc

+ Nh bng 1/3 Cu, do, d dt mng.
+ dn in bng 2/3 Cu, dn nhit gp 3 ln Fe
III./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh (yu hn kim loi kim, kim th)
Al --> Al
3+
+ 3e
1./ Tc dng vi phi kim:
Th d: 2Al + 3Cl
2
---> 2AlCl
3

4Al + 3O
2
---> 2Al
2
O
3

2./ Tc dng vi axit:
a./ Vi axit HCl , H
2
SO
4
long:
Th d: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
---> Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2

b./ Vi axit HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c:
Th d: Al + 4HNO
3
(long) ---> Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
2Al + 6H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Ch : Al khng tc dng vi HNO
3
c ngui v H
2
SO
4
c ngui
3./ Tc dng vi oxit kim loi:
Th d: 2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
4./ Tc dng vi nc:
Nhm khng tc dng vi nc d nhit cao v trn b mt ca Al ph kin mt lp
Al
2
O
3
rt mng, bn v mn khng cho nc v kh thm qua.
5./ Tc dng vi dung dch kim:
Th d: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O ---> 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2

IV./ Sn xut nhm:
1./ nguyn liu: qung boxit (Al
2
O
3
.2H
2
O)
2./ Phng php: in phn nhm oxit nng chy
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Th d: 2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2

B./ Mt s hp cht ca nhm
I./ Nhm oxit A
2
O
3
: Al
2
O
3
l oxit lng tnh
Tc dng vi axit: Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl ---> 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH ---> 2NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O
II./ Nhm hidroxit Al(OH)
3
: Al(OH)
3
l hidroxit lng tnh.
Tc dng vi axit: Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl ---> AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH ---> NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
km bn vi nhit: Al(OH)
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ H
2
O
Mui NaAlO
2
c th tc dng vi axit to kt ta nhm hiroxit
NaAlO
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O ---> Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3

iu ch Al(OH)
3
:
AlCl
3
+ 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O ---> Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
Hay: AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH ---> Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
- Mt s hp kim quan trng ca nhm: uyara, silumin, almelec, electron.
III./ Nhm sunfat:
Quan trng l phn chua, cng thc: K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O hay KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O
IV./ Cch nhn bit ion Al
3+
trong dung dch:
+ Thuc th: dung dch NaOH d
+ Hin tng: kt ta keo trng xut hin sau tan trong NaOH d
ST v HP CHT
I./ V tr cu hnh electron:
St th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4
Cu hnh electron: Fe (Z=26): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
hay [Ar]3d
6
4s
2

Fe
2+
: [Ar]3d
6

Fe
3+
: [Ar]3d
5

II./Tnh cht vt l :
St c tnh nhim t kh b nam chm ht.Dn in km v gim dn :Ag>Cu>Au>Al>Fe
III./ Tnh cht ha hc:
C tnh kh trung bnh
Fe ---> Fe
+2
+ 2e
Fe ---> Fe
+3
+ 3e
1./ Tc dng vi phi kim:
Th d: Fe + S
o
t
FeS
3Fe + 2O
2

o
t
Fe
3
O
4

2Fe + 3Cl
2

o
t
2FeCl
3

2./ Tc dng vi axit:
a./ Vi dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long: to mui Fe (II) v H
2

Th d: Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2

Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

b./ Vi dung dch HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c nng: to mui Fe (III)
Th d: Fe + 4 HNO
3
(long) Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
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Ch : Fe khng tc dng vi axit HNO
3
c ngui v H
2
SO
4
c ngui
3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Fe kh c ion ca cc kim loi ng sau n.
Th d: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
4./ Tc dng vi nc:
nhit thng st khng kh nc
nhit cao:
Th d: 3Fe + 4H
2
O
<
o o
t 570
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2

Fe + H
2
O


>
o o
t 570
FeO + H
2

HP CHT CA ST
I./Hp cht st (II)
Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh (d b oxi ha)
1./ St (II) oxit: FeO
Th d: 3FeO + 10HNO
3
(long)
o
t
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
o
t
2FeO + CO
2

2./ St (II) hidroxit: Fe(OH)
2

Th d: 4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O ---> 4Fe(OH)
3

3./ Mui st (II):
Th d: 2FeCl
2
+ Cl
2
---> 2FeCl
3

Ch : FeO , Fe(OH)
2
khi tc dng vi HCl hay H
2
SO
4
long to mui st (II)
Th d: FeO + 2HCl ---> FeCl
2
+ H
2

Fe(OH)
2
+ 2HCl ---> FeCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
II./ Hp cht st (III):
Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ha.
1./ St (III) oxit: Fe
2
O
3

L oxit baz: tc dng vi axit to mui st (III) v nc.
Th d: Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl ---> 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
---> 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 2H
2
O
B CO, H
2
, Al kh thnh Fe nhit cao:
Th d: Fe
2
O
3
+ 3CO
o
t
2Fe + 3CO
2
iu ch: phn hy Fe(OH)
3
nhit cao.
Th d: 2Fe(OH)
3

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
2./ St (III) hidroxit: Fe(OH)
3
Tc dng vi axit: to mui v nc
Th d: Fe(OH)
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
---> Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O
iu ch: cho dung dch kim tc dng vi mui st (III).
Th d: FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
3./ Mui st (III):
C tnh oxi ha (d b kh)
Th d: Fe + 2FeCl
3
---> 3FeCl
2

Cu + 2FeCl
3
---> 2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2


Phn 2 BI TP C HNG DN
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V d 1: Cho 22,2 gam hn hp gm Fe, Al tan hon ton trong HCl, ta thu c 13,44 lt H
2

(ktc). Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp v khi lng mui clorua khan thu
c.
Bi gii
V phn ng hon ton nn ta c th thay hn hp Fe, Al bng kim loi tng ng M c ho tr
n . Gi x l s mol Fe trong 1 mol hn hp.
M = 56.x + 27(1 - x)
n = 2.x + 3(1 - x)
PTHH: M + n HCl M Cl
n
+
2
n
H
2


M
2 , 22

M
2 , 22

M
2 , 22
.
2
n

Theo bi ra:
M
2 , 22
.
2
n
= n
H
2

=
4 , 22
44 , 13
= 0,6 (mol)

| |
| |2 . ) 1 ( 27 56
) 1 ( 3 2 2 , 22
x x
x x
+
+
= 0,6
x = 0,6 mol Fe v 0,4 mol Al
M = 0,6.56 + 27.0,4 = 44,4 (g/mol)
% Fe =
4 , 44
56 . 6 , 0
.100% = 75,67%
% Al = 100 - 75,67 = 24,33%
Ta c n = 0,6.2 + 0,4.3 = 2,4 (mol)
Khi lng mui clorua khan:
m =
M
2 , 22
( M + 35,5. n ) = 22,2 +
4 , 44
4 , 2 . 5 , 35
.22,2 = 64,8 gam.
Ch : C th p dng KLMTB ca mt hn hp vo bi ton xc nh tn kim loi. Thng
thng l bi ton hn hp hai kim loi thuc 2 chu k, hai phn nhm k tip, ...
V d 2: Khi cho 3,1 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi
nc ta thu c 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc). Xc nh hai kim loi v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng
ca hn hp.
Bi gii
V phn ng xy ra hon ton nn ta c th thay th hn hp hai kim loi kim bng mt kim loi
tng ng A c ho tr 1 (kim loi kim)
2 A + 2H
2
O 2 AOH + H
2

(1)

Theo (1) n
A
= 2n
H
2
= 2
4 , 22
12 , 1
= 0,1 (mol)
A =
1 , 0
1 , 3
= 31 g/mol
Na = 23 < A = 31 < K = 39
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Mt khc: A = 31 =
2
39 23+
s mol hai cht bng nhau ngha l trong 1 mol hn hp
mi kim loi c 0,5 mol. Thnh phn % khi lng:
% Na =
31
23 . 5 , 0
.100 = 37,1% v % K = (100 - 37,1)% = 62,9%.
Nhn xt: S dng cc i lng trung bnh s cho php chng ta gii quyt nhanh cc bi tp ho
hc.

Phn 3- BI TP VN DNG
1.11a Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S
cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
2.11a Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
3.11a Cu 58: Cho cc phn ng sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A.Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
4.10a Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c
nhit nng chy gim dn.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
5.10a Cu 47: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch
AgNO3 l:
A.MgO, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni, Sn. C. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg.
6.09aCu 1: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui ca chng l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
7.09a Cu 5: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v
Al2O3; Cu v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong
nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l
A.3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
8.09a Cu 7: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi
lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4. B. MnO2. C. CaOCl2. D. K2Cr2O7
9.09a Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
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10.09a Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi
cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
11.09a Cu 16: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u
l
A.0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
12.09a Cu 24: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc
vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A.I, II v IV. B. I, II v III. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
13.09a Cu 26: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c
c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l
A.7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
14.09a Cu 36: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
15.09a Cu 58: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ho: Zn-Cu l 1,1V; Cu-Ag l 0,46V.
Bit th in cc chun E oAg+/Ag=+0,8 Th in cc chun E o Zn2+/Zn v EoCu2+/Cuc gi
tr ln lt l
A.-0,76V v +0,34V. B. -1,46V v -0,34V.
C. +1,56V v +0,64V. D. -1,56V v +0,64V.
16.08a Cu 22: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp
rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
17.08a Cu 52: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO4 v in cc Cu
nhng trong dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian pin phng in th khi lng
A. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u tng.
B. in cc Zn gim cn khi lng in cc Cu tng.
C. in cc Zn tng cn khi lng in cc Cu gim.
D. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u gim.
18.07a Cu 7: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
19.07a Cu 41: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit
cao.Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
20.07a Cu 46: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in
phn hp cht nng chy ca chng, l:
A.Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al.
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21.07a Cu 49: Mnh khng ng l:
A. Fe2+ oxi ho c Cu.
B. Fe kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch.
C. Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+.
D. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe2+, H+, Cu2+, Ag+.
22.Cd11Cu 28: t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2
gam hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A.4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
23.Cd11Cu 29: Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Be. C. Li, Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, K, Rb.
24.Cd11Cu 30: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha. B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ha. D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
25.Cd11Cu 36: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A.FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K2O, SnO.
C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.
26.Cd11Cu 44: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l
A.Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
27.Cd11Cu 45: Cho phn ng:
6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O Trong
phn ng trn, cht oxi ha v cht kh ln lt l
K2Cr2O7 v FeSO4. B. K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4.
C. H2SO4 v FeSO4. D. FeSO4 v K2Cr2O7.
28.Cd11 Cu 51: Cho gi tr th in cc chun ca mt s cp oxi ha kh:

Cp oxi ha/kh M2+/M X2+/X Y2+/Y Z2+/Z
E (V) -2,37 -0,76 -0,13 +0,34

A.X + M2+ X2+ + M B.X + Z2+ X2+ + Z
C.Z + Y2+ Z2+ + Y D.Z + M2+ Z2+ + M
29.11a Cu 36: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th
canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn
knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A.0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
30.10a Cu 49: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl
ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
31.09a Cu 38: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
32.08a Cu 50: Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi
Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
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C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
33.07a Cu 15: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng) b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng)
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3 e) CH3CHO + H2 Ni, to
g) C2H4 + Br2
f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
h) glixerol (glixerin) + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
34.07a Cu 34: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
35.10cd Cu 5: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
H2O. Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
36.10cd Cu 18: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy
th in cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v
ion u phn ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:
A.Zn, Ag+. B. Ag, Cu2+. C. Ag, Fe3+. D. Zn, Cu2+.
37.10cd Cu 36: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
38.09cd Cu 37: Nguyn tc chung c dng iu ch kim loi l
A. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh.
B. oxi ho ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
C. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
D. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ho.
39.09cd Cu 38: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau
phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A.Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe3O4 v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe2O3 v
0,448.
40.09cd Cu 52: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Mg2+/Mg; Fe2+/Fe;
Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Dy ch gm cc cht, ion tc dng c vi ion Fe3+ trong dung
dch l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag+. B. Mg, Fe2+, Ag. C. Mg, Cu, Cu2+. D. Mg, Fe, Cu.
41.CD08Cu 10: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht
trong dy tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to thnh kt ta l
A.5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
42.CD08Cu 17: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn
ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A.1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
43.CD08Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht
trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
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A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
44.CD08Cu 47: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
45.CD08Cu 48: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A.Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.
46.CD08Cu 55: Cho bit phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra trong pin in ho
Fe Cu l: Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu ; E0 (Fe2+/Fe) = 0,44 V, E0 (Cu2+/Cu) = + 0,34 V.
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Fe - Cu l
A.1,66 V. B. 0,10 V. C. 0,78 V. D. 0,92 V.
47.Cd07Cu 4: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A.kim loi Mg. B. kim loi Cu. C. kim loi Ba. D. kim loi Ag.
48.Cd07Cu 7: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn;
Fe v Sn;Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe
b ph hu trc l
A.4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
49.Cd07Cu 8: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu;
Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Fe v dung dch CuCl2. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl3.
C. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2. D. Cu v dung dch FeCl3.
50.Cd07Cu 13: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO,
Fe3O4, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn
khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A.MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
51.Cd07Cu 23: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
A.Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
52.Cd07Cu 46: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit
st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20.
Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho
H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
A.FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 75%.
53.Cd07Cu 51: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn2+, Sn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Pb2+. Th t tnh oxi ho gim
dn l
A. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. B. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+.
C. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+. D. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.
54.11b Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) (b) FeS + H2SO4 (long)
(c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
t
o

(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
t
o
(e) Al + H2SO4 (long)
(g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 6.
55.11b Cu 7: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
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56.11b Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr.
57.11b Cu 32: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim
dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo
v.
58.11b Cu 58: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ho Zn Cu th
A. nng ca ion Zn2+ trong dung dch tng. B. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim.
C. nng ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch tng. D. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng.
59.09b Cu 12: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo
dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4
60.10b Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch:
FeCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh
l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
61.10b Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl
(d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam
X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
62.10b Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung dch
HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng.

Bi tp in phn
1.11a-273 Cu 1: in phn dd gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng
ngn xp) n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng
nc bay hi khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. B. KNO3, KCl v KOH.
C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. D. KNO3 v KOH.
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2.11a Cu 16: Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in
cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht
catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c
c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A.4,788. B. 4,480. C. 1,680. D. 3,920.
3.11a Cu 50: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng
ngn xp) th
A. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl.
B. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.
D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.
4.10a Cu 37: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in
ho xy ra khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
B. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ho Cl.
C. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
D. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
5.10a Cu 42: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol,
n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm
thu c anot l
A.kh Cl2 v H2. B. kh Cl2 v O2. C. ch c kh Cl2. D. kh H2 v O2.
6.10a Cu 54: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng
dng in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A.1,344 lt. B. 2,240 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 2,912 lt.
7.10cd Cu 59: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch
CuSO4 vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l
A. catot xy ra s kh: Cu2+ + 2e Cu.
B. catot xy ra s oxi ho: 2H2O + 2e 2OH + H2.
C. anot xy ra s kh: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e.
D. anot xy ra s oxi ho: Cu Cu2+ + 2e.
8.Cd07Cu 17: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
9.10b Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi
gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u.
Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi.
Gi tr ca x l
A.2,25. B. 1,50. C. 1,25. D. 3,25.
10.09bCu 2: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl
0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung
dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
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11.09b Cu 9: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c
m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.

KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI .

Cu 1. Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A. Al, Fe, Cu. B. Al, Fe, Ag. C. Al, Cu, Ag. D. Fe, Cu, Ag.
Cu 2. Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. D. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 3. Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy
th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag).
A. 54,0. B. 59,4. C. 64,8. D. 32,4.
Cu 4. Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc dng vi
lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt l
A. 1,08 v 5,43. B. 0,54 v 5,16. C. 1,08 v 5,16. D. 8,10 v 5,43.
Cu 5. Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M;.
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng
nhau. Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 l
A. V1 = V2. B. V1 = 2 V2. C. V1 = 5V2. D. V1 = 10 V2.
Cu 6. Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
A. 14,1 gam. B. 13,1 gam. C. 17,0 gam. D. 19,5 gam.
Cu 7. Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc
gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,8. B. 1,2. C. 2,0. D. 1,5.
Cu 8. Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l
A. 90,27%. B. 82,20%. C. 12,67%. D. 85,30%.
Cu 9. Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M
v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam
(gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 2,16 gam. B. 1,72 gam. C. 1,40 gam. D. 0,84 gam.
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Cu 10. Nhng mt l kim loi M (ch c ho tr hai trong hp cht) c khi lng 50 gam vo
200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc dung dch, em c cn
thu c 18,8 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Cu.

KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM, AXIT, BAZ .

Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4
0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi
lng l
A. 3,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 5,81 gam. D. 6,81 gam.
Cu 12. Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 75 ml. B. 57 ml. C. 50 ml. D. 90 ml.
Cu 13. Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O2, n khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng vi cht rn X l
A. 200 ml. B. 400 ml. C. 600 ml. D. 800 ml.
Cu 14. ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.
Cu 15. Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m
gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 6,50. D. 7,80.
Cu 16. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3
long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,50. B. 38,72. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr hai khng i trong hp cht) trong
hn hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh phn
ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Be. B. Cu. C. Ca . D. Mg.
Cu 18. Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c
khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn
hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O
2

(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 2,80. C. 3,08. D. 3,36.

- Phn ng nhit luyn.

Cu 19. Cho lung kh H
2
(d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao.
Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
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A. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
Cu 20. Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al
2
O
3
, MgO, Fe
3
O
4
,
CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan
Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm.
A. MgO, Fe
3
O
4
, Cu. B. MgO, Fe, Cu. C. Mg, Fe, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
Cu 21. Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe
2
O
3
( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X
trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)
2
th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,896. B. 1,120. C. 0,224. D. 0,448.
Cu 22. Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H
2
phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO v Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn
gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224. B. 0,560. C. 0,112. D. 0,448.
Cu 23. Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi
phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 4,0 gam. D. 2,0 gam.
Cu 24. Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng
thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp kh sau phn ng.
A. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%. B. Fe
3
O
4
; 75%. C. FeO; 75%. D. Fe2O3; 75%.

Bi tp kim loi kim v hp cht

1.09a Cu 22: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git
cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr
ca V l
A.4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
2.07a Cu 11: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi
khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X
thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A.V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
3.Cd11Cu 25: Ho tan hon ton 6,645 gam hn hp mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai
chu k k tip nhau vo nc c dung dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 18,655 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trn l
A.Rb v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. K v Rb.
4.10cd Cu 5: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
H2O. Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
5.10cd Cu 36: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
6.10cd Cu 37: Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l
A.AlCl3. B. CuSO4. C. Ca(HCO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.
7.10cd Cu 60: Thuc th dng phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit: NaCl, NaHSO4, HCl l
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A.NH4Cl. B. (NH4)2CO3. C. BaCO3. D. BaCl2.
8.CD08Cu 9: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn
hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u
l
A.8,60 gam. B. 20,50 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,40 gam.
9.Cd07Cu 17: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc. B. in phn dung dch
NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc. D. in phn NaCl nng
chy.
10.Cd07Cu 18: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
11.Cd07Cu 36: Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th
l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na2CO3 v NaClO.
C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3. D. NaOH v Na2CO3.
12.11b Cu 7: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
13.10b Cu 45: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 v Cl, trong s mol ca ion
Cl l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho
1/2 dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc,
nu un si n cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47
14.09b Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu
c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi
M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
15.08b Cu 24: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
16.07b Cu 25: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng
nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2. B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2. D. NaCl.
17.07b Cu 33: Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung
dch (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X
l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
18.11b Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lk CHT
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KIM LOI KIM, KIM TH, NHM, ST.

Cu 25. Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php.
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO
3
, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn NaCl nng chy.
D. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
Cu 26. Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaNO
3
. (V) Sc kh NH
3
vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, V v VI. B. I, II v III. C. II, III v VI. D. I, IV v V.
Cu 27. Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit
nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng.
Cu 28. thu c Al
2
O
3
t hn hp Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
, ngi ta ln lt:
A. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
B. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO2 (d), ri nung nng.
C. dng kh H
2
nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
D. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
Cu 29. Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l:
A. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO
3
kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Dng O
2
oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.

- Tnh cht ha hc, s phn ng.

Cu 30. Cho dy cc cht: NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaCl, MgCl
2
, FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
. S cht trong dy tc
dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)
2
to thnh kt ta l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu 31. Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. NaClO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
.
C. NaOH v Na2CO3. D. Na
2
CO
3
v NaClO.
Cu 32. T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X
o
t

X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2
.
X
2
+ Y X + Y
1
+ H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ 2H
2
O.
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO3, NaHCO3. B. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
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C. CaCO
3
, NaHSO
4
. D. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.

Nc cng.
Cu 33. Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
-
3
HCO , Cl
-
,
2-
4
SO . Cht c dng lm
mm mu nc cng trn l
A. H
2
SO
4
. B. NaHCO
3
. C. HCl. D. Na2CO3.
Cu 34. Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na
2
CO
3
v HCl. B. NaCl v Ca(OH)
2
. C. Na
2
CO
3
v Ca(OH)2. D. Na2CO3 v
Na3PO4.

- Kl tc dng vi nc, axit, baz, mui.

Cu 35. Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2

(ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 30ml. B. 60ml. C. 75ml. D. 150ml.
Cu 36. Khi cho 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c
cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l
A. 0,5M. B. 1M. C. 0,75M. D. 0,25M.
Cu 37. Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H
2
;.
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO
3
long, sinh ra y mol kh N
2
O (sn phm kh duy
nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 4y. B. x = y. C. x = 2y. D. y = 2x.
Cu 38. Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 5,4. B. 43,2. C. 7,8. D. 10,8.
Cu 39. Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh.
Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm
theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin).
A. 29,87%. B. 39,87%. C. 77,31%. D. 49,87%.
Cu 40. Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ba. B. Na. C. Ca. D. K.
Cu 41. Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al
4
C
3
vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a
mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l
46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,40. B. 0,45. C. 0,60. D. 0,55.

- CO
2
, SO
2
, P
2
O
5
td dung dch kim.
Cu 42. Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht
rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui
khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 6,5 gam. B. 5,8 gam. C. 6,3 gam. D. 4,2 gam.
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Cu 43. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH
0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82. B. 19,70. C. 9,85. D. 17,73.
Cu 44. Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 2,364. C. 3,940. D. 1,970.
Cu 45. Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng a mol/l,
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,048. B. 0,06. C. 0,04. D. 0,032.
Cu 46. Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung
dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. KH2PO4 v K3PO4. B. KH2PO4 v H3PO4.
C. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4. D. K3PO4 v KOH.
Cu 47. Cho 0,1 mol P
2
O
5
vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc cht:
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
. B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
.C. H
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
. D. K
3
PO
4
, KOH.

-
2-
3
CO Tc dng H
+
.
Cu 48. Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy
u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy
c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A. V = 11,2(a - b). B. V = 22,4(a - b). C. V = 22,4(a + b). D. V = 11,2(a + b).
Cu 49. Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho
n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V
l
A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12.
Cu 50. Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Li. B. Rb. C. Na. D. K.
Cu 51. Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn
l
A. 84%. B. 50%. C. 92%. D. 40%.

- Tnh lng tnh ca Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
.
Cu 52. Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
. Hin tng xy ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Cu 53. Nh t t 0,25 lt dung dch NaOH 1,04M vo dung dch gm 0,024 mol FeCl3; 0,016
mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,560. B. 5,064. C. 4,128. D. 2,568.
Cu 54. Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO4)2.12H2O vo nc, thu c dung dch
X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l
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A. 54,4. B. 62,2. C. 7,8. D. 46,6.
Cu 55. Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta
th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 4. D. a : b = 1 : 5.
Cu 56. Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt
ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,8. D. 2,4.
Cu 57. Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4

n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt
ta trn l
A. 0,35. B. 0,45. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
Cu 58. Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y.
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,95. B. 1,71. C. 1,59. D. 1,17.
Cu 59. Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M
vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu
c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,375. B. 22,540. C. 20,125. D. 17,710.
Cu 60. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo H2O thu c 200 ml
dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO2 (d) vo Y thu c a
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 8,2 v 7,8. B. 13,3 v 3,9. C. 8,3 v 7,2. D. 11,3 v 7,8.

- Phn ng nhit nhm.
Cu 61. iu ch c 78 gam Cr t Cr2O3 (d) bng phng php nhit nhm vi hiu sut
ca phn ng l 90% th khi lng bt nhm cn dng ti thiu l
A. 40,5 gam. B. 45,0 gam. C. 54,0 gam. D. 81,0 gam.
Cu 62. Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr
2
O
3
v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d)
thot ra V lt kh H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 10,08. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 7,84.
Cu 63. Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
v Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
c (d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X
bng phn ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca
Cr
2
O
3
trong hn hp X l
A. 50,67%. B. 20,33%. C. 66,67%. D. 36,71%.
Cu 64. Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H
2
(ktc);.
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,43. B. 22,75. C. 29,40. D. 21,40.
Cu 65. Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
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thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y,
thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 36,7. C. 48,3. D. 36,7.
Cu 66. t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung
dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 150. B. 300. C. 100. D. 200.
Cu 67. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X
trong dung dch HNO
3
(d), thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,32. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,52.
Cu 68. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3

long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,50. B. 34,36. C. 38,72. D. 49,09.
Cu 69. Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. D. HNO
3
.
Cu 70. Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y
l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
C. MgSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v FeSO
4
. D. MgSO
4
.
Cu 71. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H
2
SO
4
c, nng (gi thit SO
2
l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c.
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,08 mol FeSO
4
. D. 0,12 mol FeSO
4
.
Cu 72. Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO).
A. 0,6 lt. B. 1,0 lt. C. 1,2 lt. D. 0,8 lt.
Cu 73. Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
, thu c V lt
(ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO
2
) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca
X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 5,60. D. 4,48.
Cu 74. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m
gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,84. B. 3,20. C. 1,92. D. 0,64.
Cu 75. Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un
nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 97,5. B. 137,1. C. 108,9. D. 151,5.

- Hp cht ca Fe.
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Cu 76. Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit nu. B. hematit . C. xierit. D. manhetit.
Cu 77. Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
v FeCO
3
trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A. Fe2O3. B. Fe. C. FeO. D. Fe
3
O
4
.
Cu 78. Ha tan hon ton Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d) c dung dch X
1
. Cho
lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X
1
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X
2
cha cht tan l
A. FeSO4. B. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v H
2
SO
4
.
C. FeSO
4
v H
2
SO
4
. D. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Cu 79. Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, FeSO
4
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
. S cht trong dy b
oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c, nng l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3.
Cu 80. Trong cc cht: FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. S cht c c
tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 81. Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, FeSO
4
,
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeCO
3
ln lt phn ng vi HNO
3
c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi
ho - kh l
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 5.
Cu 82. Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch
X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO
4
0,5M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 80. B. 20. C. 40. D. 60.
Cu 83. ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,16. B. 0,23. C. 0,08. D. 0,18.
Cu 84. Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl
2
v m
gam FeCl
3
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,80. B. 8,75. C. 6,50. D. 9,75.
Cu 85. Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vo mt lng va dung dch HCl
2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe2+ v Fe3+ l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng
nhau. C cn phn mt thu c m1 gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai, c cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c m2 gam mui khan. Bit m2 - m1 = 0,71. Th tch dung dch HCl
dng l
A. 80 ml. B. 320 ml. C. 240 ml. D. 160 ml.
Cu 86. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3

long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,36. B. 35,50. C. 38,72. D. 49,09.
Cu 87. Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c
dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c
m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4.
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Cu 88. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thot ra 0,112
lt (ktc) kh SO
2
l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeO. B. FeCO
3
. C. FeS. D. FeS
2
.
Cu 89. Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau phn
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A. Fe3O4 v 0,448. B. FeO v 0,224. C. Fe2O3 v 0,448. D. Fe3O4 v 0,224.
Cu 90. Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng
thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l
A. Fe2O3; 75%. B. FeO; 75%. C. Fe
3
O
4
; 75%. D. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%.

BI TP LM THM KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA
KIM LOI KIM TH
Cu 1. Cho mt mu hp kim K-Ca tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
(
ktc). Th tch dung dch axit HCl 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
Cu 2. Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, SO
2
, SO
3 ,
NaHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. S cht trong
dy to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl
2
l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 3. X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm
kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc,
khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra
cha
n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Ba . B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Cu 4. Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
(d), sinh ra 0,672 lt kh X (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A. N
2
O. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
. D. NO.
Cu 5. Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H
2
SO
4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c
lng mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
Cu 6. Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam Ba(OH)
2
.
Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
Cu 7. Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO
3


long, thu c
dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu
trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un nng,
khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
Cu 8. Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO
4

)
2
.12H
2
O vo nc, thu c dung dch X.
Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
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Cu 9. Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng a
mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,048. B. 0,032. C. 0,04. D. 0,06.
Cu 10. Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy gm
cc cht
u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l:
A. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4.
B. HNO3, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.

Cu 11. Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm
chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi
l (cho Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Sr = 87, Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 12. Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+

, HCO
3
2-
, Cl
-
, SO
4
2-
.Cht c dng
lm mm mu nc cng trn l
A. Na
2
CO
3
.
B. HCl. C. H
2
SO
4
.
D. NaHCO
3
.
Cu 13. Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh
CO
2

( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3

trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Cu 14. T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2
X
2
+ Y X + Y1 +H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ H
2
O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO
3
,NaHSO
4
. B. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
Cu 15. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH
0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
Cu 16. Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,970 B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 3,940.
Cu 17 Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
; Cu
v
Fe
2
O
3
; BaCl
2
v CuSO
4
; Ba v NaHCO
3
. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to
ra dung dch l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 18. C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
, Cr(NO
3
)
3
,
K
2
CO
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
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Cu 19. Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Cu 20. Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu
2+
v 1 mol Ag
+

n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc
gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Cu 21 Hn hp X gm Mg v MgO c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl thu c 3,136 lt kh (ktc); c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 14,25g
cht rn khan A. Cho phn 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c 0,448 lt kh Y
(ktc), c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 23 gam cht rn khan B.
a. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp X l
A. 10,64%. B. 89,36%. C. 44,68%. D. 55,32%.
b. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. NO
2
. B. NO. C. N
2
O. D. N
2
.
Cu 22. Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
Cu 23. Cho 3,87gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4

0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H
2
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng Mg v Al trong X tng
ng l
A. 37,21% Mg v 62,79% Al. B. 62,79% Mg v 37,21% Al.
C. 45,24% Mg v 54,76% Al. D. 54,76% Mg v 45,24% Al.
Cu 24. Chia 2,290 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan hon ton
trong dung dch HCl va thu c 1,456 lt H
2
(ktc) v to ra x gam mui. Phn 2 cho tc
dng vi O
2
d, thu c y gam 3 oxit.
a. Gi tr ca x l
A. 6,955. B. 6,905. C. 5,890. D. 5,760.
b.Gi tr ca y l
A. 2,185. B. 3,225. C. 4,213. D. 3,33.
Cu 25. Ho tan ht hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%, thu
c dung dch D. Nng ca FeCl
2
trong dung dch D l 15,757%.
a. Nng phn trm ca MgCl
2
trong dung dch D l
A. 11,787%. B. 84,243%. C. 88,213%. D. 15,757%.
b.Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp X l
A. 30%. B. 70%. C. 20%. D. 80%.
Cu 26. Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y
A. Gy ng c nc ung
B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o
C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm
D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc
Cu 27. un nng 6,96 gam MnO
2
vi dung dch HCl d, c. Kh thot ra cho tc dng ht vi
kim loi kim th M to ra 7,6 gam mui. M l
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A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba
Cu 28. Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO
2
v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
7,4% thy tch ra m gam kt ta. tr s ca m bng
A. 10 gam B. 8 gam C. 6 gam D. 12 gam
Cu 29. Dung dch cha cc ion Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, H
+
, Cl
-
. phi dng dung dch cht no
sau y loi b ht cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, H
+
ra khi dung dch ban u
A. K
2
CO
3
B. NaOH C. Na
2
SO
4
D. AgNO
3

Cu 30. Thi kh CO
2
vo dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ba(OH)
2
. Gi tr khi lng kt ta bin thin
trong khong no khi CO
2
bin thin trong khong t 0,005 mol n 0,024 mol
A. 0 gam n 3,94 gam B. 0 gam n 0,985 gam
C. 0,985 gam n 3,94 gam D. 0,985 gam n 3,152 gam
Cu 31. Dn V lt ktc kh CO
2
qua 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Lc
b kt ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. V bng
A. 3,136 lt B. 1,344 lt
C. 1,344 lt hoc 3,136 lt D. 3,36 lt hoc 1,12 lt
Cu 32. Cho bit phn ng no khng xy ra nhit thng
A. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2Ca(OH)
2
Mg(OH)
2
+ 2CaCO
3
+ 2H
2
O
B. Ca(OH)
2
+ NaHCO
3
CaCO
3
+ NaOH + H
2
O
C. Ca(OH)
2
+ 2NH
4
Cl CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + 2NH
3

D. CaCl
2
+ NaHCO
3
CaCO
3
+ NaCl + HCl
Cu 33. Hy chn phn ng gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma vi vi v s to thnh
thch nh trong cc hang ng
A. Do phn ng ca CO
2
trong khng kh vi CaO thnh CaCO
3

B. Do CaO tc dng vi SO
2
v O
2
to thnh CaSO
4

C. Do s phn hu Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2

D. Do qu trnh phn ng thun nghch CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
xy ra trong 1
thi gian rt lu.
Cu 34. Dung dch X cha 0,025 mol CO
3
2-
; 0,1 mol Na
+
; 0,25 mol NH
4
+
; 0,3 mol Cl
-
. un nng
nh dung dch X v cho 270 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo. Hi tng khi lng dung dch X
v dung dch Ba(OH)
2
gim bao nhiu gam. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k
A. 4,215 gam B. 5,269 gam C. 6,761 gam D. 7,015 gam
Cu 35. Cho s bin ho Ca X Y Z T Ca. Hy chn th t ng ca cc cht X,
Y, Z, T
A. CaO; Ca(OH)
2
; Ca(HCO
3
)
2
; CaCO
3
B. CaO ; CaCO
3
; Ca(HCO
3
)
2
; CaCl
2

C. CaO ; CaCO
3
; CaCl
2
; Ca(HCO
3
)
2
D. CaCl
2
; CaCO
3
; CaO ; Ca(HCO
3
)
2

Cu 36. Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol Ca
2+
; 0,01 mol Mg
2+
; 0,05 mol HCO
3
-
;
0,02 mol Cl
-
. Hy chn cc cht c th dng lm mm nc trong cc
A. HCl, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
B. Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4

C. Ca(OH)
2
, HCl, Na
2
SO
4
D. Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3

Cu 37. Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol Ca
2+
; 0,01 mol Mg
2+
; 0,05 mol HCO
3
-
;
0,02 mol Cl
-
.Hi nc trong cc thuc loi nc cng g
A. Nc cng tm thi B. nc cng vnh cu
C. nc khng cng D. nc cng ton phn
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Cu 38. Cacnalit l 1 mui c cng thc KCl.MgCl
2
.6H
2
O ( M= 277,5). Ly 27,75 gam mui ,
ho tan vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi NaOH d ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao ti phn
ng hon ton thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn
A. 4 gam B. 6 gam C. 8 gam D. 10 gam
Cu 39. Cho 16,8 lt CO
2
ktc hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung
dch X. Nu cho 1 lng d dung dch BaCl
2
vo dung dch X th thu c lng kt ta l
A. 19,7 gam B. 88,65 gam C. 118,2 gam D. 147,75 gam
Cu 40. Dung dch X cha hn hp NaOH aM v Ba(OH)
2
bM. trung ho 50 ml dung dch X
cn 60 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Mt khc cho 1 lng d dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 ml dung dch
X thy to thnh 0,394 gam kt ta. Tnh a, b
A. a = 0,1 M; b = 0,01 M B. a = 0,1 M; b = 0,08 M
C. a = 0,08 M; b = 0,01 M D. a = 0,08 M; b = 0,02 M
Cu 41. Mt loi cha 80% CaCO
3
phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung ti phn ng hon ton
( ti khi lng khng i ) thu c cht rn R. Vy % khi lng CaO trong R bng
A. 62,5% B. 69,14% C. 70,22% D. 73,06%
Cu 42. Trn 50 ml dung dch HNO
3
xM vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2 M thu c dung
dch X. trung ho lng baz d trong X cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M. Tnh x
A. 0,5 M B. 0,75 M C. 1 M D. 1,5M
Cu 43. Cho phn ng ho hp: nMgO + mP
2
O
5

0
t
X. Trong X th Mg chim 21,6% khi
lng, cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Hy chn cng thc phn t ng
A. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
B. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
3
C. Mg
2
P
4
O
7
D. Mg
2
P
2
O
7

Cu 44. X l 1 loi vi cha 80% CaCO
3
, phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung 50 gam X mt thi
gian, thu c 39 gam cht rn. % CaCO
3
b phn hu l
A. 50,5% B. 60% C. 62,5% D. 65%
Cu 45. Nu quy nh rng hai ion gy ra phn ng trao i hay trung ha l mt cp ion i
khng th tp hp cc ion no sau y c cha ion i khng vi ion OH
-
:
A. Ca
2+
, K
+
, SO
4
2
, Cl
-
B. Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
, Cl
-

C. HCO
3
-
, HSO
3
-
, Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
D. Ba
2+
, Na
+
+, NO
3
-
Cu 46. C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc
loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, SO
4

2-
, Cl
-
, CO
3
2-
, NO
3
-
. l 4 dung
dch g?
A. BaCl
2
, MgSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B.BaCO
3
,MgSO
4
,NaCl,Pb(NO
3
)
2
.
C. BaCl
2
, PbSO
4
, MgCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
D.Mg(NO
3
)
2
, BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, PbSO
4

Cu 47. Cho dung dch cha cc ion sau (Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, H
+
, Cl
-
). Mun tch c nhiu
cation ra khi dung dch m khng a ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi
cht no trong cc cht sau:
A. Dung dch K
2
CO
3
va B. Dung dch Na
2
SO
4
va
C. Dung ch NaOH va D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va
Cu 48. Ha tan 3,4 gam hn hp kim loi A v Zn vo dung dch HCl th thu c 1,344 lt kh
iu kin tiu chun v dung dch B. Mt khc ha tan 0,95 gam kim loi A th cn khng ht
100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. M thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II.Kim loi M l:
A. Ca. B. Cu C. Mg D. Sr
Cu 49. A, B l cc kim loi hot ng ha tr II, ha tan hn hp gm 23,5 cacbonat ca A v 8,4
gam mui cacbonat ca B bng dung dch HCl d c cn v in phn nng chy hon ton cc
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mui th thu c 11,8 gam hn hp kim loi catot v V lt khi anot. Bit khi lng nguyn t
A bng khi lng oxit ca B. Hai kim loi A v B l:
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ba v Ra
Cu 50. Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B u c ha tr 2 v c khi lng nguyn t M
A
<
M
B
. Nu cho 10,4g hn hp X (c s mol bng nhau) vi HNO
3
c, d thu c 8,96 lt NO
2
(
ktc). Nu cho 12,8g hn hp X (c khi lng bng nhau) tc dng vi HNO
3
c, d thu c
11,648 lt NO
2
(ktc). Tm hai kim loi A v B?
A. Ca v Mg. B. Ca v Cu. C. Zn v Ca. D. Mg v Ba.
Cu 51. Cho 24,8 gam hn hp gm kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl
d thu c 55,5g mui khan. Tm kim loi M?
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Ba. D. Mg.
Cu 52. Ha tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch HCl th thu c
2,24 lt kh H
2
(o ktc). Nu ch dng 2,4 gam kim loi ha tr II cho vo dung dch HCl th
dng khng ht 500ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi ha tr II l:
A . Ca. B. Mg. C. Ba. D. Sr.
Cu 53. Ha tan 1 oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
10% thu c
dung dch mui c nng 11,8%. Kim loi l:
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Pb.
Cu 54. Ha tan 1,8 gam mui sunfat ca kim loi thuc nhm IIA trong nc, ri pha long cho
50ml dung dch. phn ng ht vi dung dch ny cn 20 ml dung dch BaCl
2
0,75M. Cng
thc phn t v nng mol/l ca mui sunfat l:
A. CaSO
4
. 0,2M. B. MgSO
4
. 0,3M.
C. MgSO
4
. 0,03M. D. SrSO
4
. 0,03M.
Cu 55. A, B l hai nguyn t cng phn nhm chnh nhm II v c tng s proton l 32. A, B c
th l :
A. Be v Ca B. Mg v Ca. C. Ba v Mg. D. Ba v Ca.
Cu 59. Cho 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0.009M vi 400 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,002M. pH dung
dch thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 10. B. 5,3. C. 5. D. 10,6.
Cu 60. Mt hn hp X gm M v oxit MO ca kim loi y. X tan va trong 0,2 lt dung dch
H
2
SO
4
0,5M cho ra 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc). Bit rng khi lng M trong hn hp X bng 0,6 ln khi
lng ca MO trong hn hp y. Khi lng ca M v MO trong hn hp X l:
A. 1,2 gam Mg v 2 gam MgO. B. 1,2 gam Ca v 2 gam CaO.
C. 1,2 gam Ba v 2 gam BaO. D. 1,2 gam Cu v 2 gam CuO.
Cu 61. Phn ng no sau y khng to ra hai mui ?
A. Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl d B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ NaOH d
C. CO
2
+ NaOH d D. NO
2
+ NaOH d
Cu 62. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim v 1 kim loi kim th tan ht trong nc to ra dung
dch Y v 0,12 mol H
2
.Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M cn trung ha dung dch Y l bao
nhiu ?
A. 240ml B. 1,20 lt C. 120ml D. 60ml
Cu 63. Cho cc phn ng m t cc phng php khc nhau lm mm nc cng
( dng M
2+
thay cho Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
)
(1) M
2+
+ 2HCO
3
-
MCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
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(2) M
2+
+ HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
MCO
3
+ H
2
O
(3) M
2+
+ CO
3
2-
MCO
3

(4) 3M
2+
+ 2PO
4
3-
M
3
(PO
4
)
2

Phng php no c th p dng vi nc c cng tm thi ?
A. (1) B. (2) C. (1) v (2) D. (1) ,(2) , (3) , v
(4)
Cu 64. Cho 9,6 gam mot kim loai thuoc PNC nhom II vao dung dch HNO
3
loang d,
thay khong co kh thoat ra. en phan ng hoan toan thu c dung dch A. Cho dung
dch NaOH vao dung dch A co un nong thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). M la: A. Ca. B.
Be. C. Ba. D. Mg.
Cu 65. Dy cc cht tc dng vi dung dch HCl l
A. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
, ZnS , Ag , Na
2
SO
3
, CuS B. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
, ZnS , Na
2
SO
3

C. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
, ZnS , CuS , NaHSO
4
D. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
3

Cu 66. Khi cho kim loi Ca vo cc cht di y , trng hp no khng c phn ng ca Ca
vi nc ?
A. dung dch CuSO
4
va B. dung dch HCl va
C. dung dch NaOH va D. H
2
O
Cu 67. M t no di y khng ph hp cc nguyn t nhm IIA
A. Cu hnh e ho tr l ns
2
B. Tinh th c cu trc lc phng
C. Gm cc nguyn t Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba D. Mc oxi ho c trng trong cc
hp cht l +2
Cu 68. Dy no di y ch gm cc cht tan tt trong nc ?
A. BeSO
4
, Mg SO
4
, CaSO
4
, SrSO
4
B. BeCO
3
, MgCO
3
, CaCO
3
, SrCO
3

C. BeCl
2
, MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
, SrCl
2
D. Mg(OH)
2
, Be(OH)
2
, Ca(OH)
2

Cu 69. Nhn xt no sau y khng ng
A. Cc kim loi kim th c tnh kh mnh
B. Tnh kh ca cc kim loi kim th tng dn t Be n Ba
C. Tnh kh ca cc kim loi kim th yu hn kim loi kim trong cng chu k
D. Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba u phn ng vi nc nhit thng nn gi l kim loi kim th
Cu70. Sc 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,5M v KOH 2M . Khi lng
kt ta thu c sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton l bao nhi u gam ?
A. 0,00g B. 3,00g C. 10,0g D. 5,00g
Cu 71. Cu no sau y v nc cng l khng ng ?
A. Nc cng c cha ng thi anion HCO
3
-
v SO
4
2-
hoc Cl
-
l nc cng ton phn
B. Nc c cha nhiu Ca
2+
; Mg
2+

C. Nc khng cha hoc cha rt t ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
l nc mm
D. Nc cng c cha 1 trong 2 ion Cl
-
v SO
4
2-
hoc c 2 l nc cng tm thi
Cu 72. Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO
2
vo 300ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M th thu c 0,2 g kt t a
.
Gi tr ca V l ?
A. 44,8ml hay 89,6ml B. 224ml C. 44,8 ml hay 224ml D. 44,8ml
Cu 73. Nu hm lng % ca kim loi R trong mui cacbonat l 40% th hm lng % kim loi
R trong mui photphat l bao nhiu %.
A. 40% B. 80% C. 52,7% D. 38,71%
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Cu74. Phng trnh ha hc no di y khng ng ?
A. Mg(OH)
2
MgO + H
2
O B. CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2

C. BaSO
4
Ba + SO
2
+ O
2
D. 2Mg(NO
3
)
2
2MgO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

Cu 75. iu no sau y khng ng vi canxi
A. Nguyn t Ca b oxi ha khi Ca tc dng vi H
2
O
B. Ion Ca
2
+

b kh khi in phn CaCl
2
nng chy
C. Nguyn t Ca b kh khi Ca tc dng vi H
2

D. Ion Ca
2
+

khng b oxi ha hay b kh khi Ca(OH)
2
tc dng vi HCl

NG, CROM, NIKEN, CH, KM, BC, VNG, THIC.

NG V HP CHT CA NG
Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .
A. NG
I. V tr v cu to:
Kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm I
B
, Chu k 4, S hiu NT l 29, K hiu Cu Cu
64
29
.
Cu hnh e: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1.
hoc: | | Ar 3d
10
4s
1
.
Trong cc hp cht ng c soh ph bin l: +1; +2.
Cu hnh e ca: Ion Cu
+
: | | Ar 3d
10
Ion Cu
2+
: | | Ar 3d
9
2. Cu to ca n cht:
- ng c BKNT nh hn kim loi nhm I
A
- Ion ng c in tch ln hn kim loi nhm I
A
- Kim loi ng c cu to kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din l tinh th c chc
lin kt trong n cht ng bn vng hn.
3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng:
- BKNT: 0,128 (nm).
- BK cc ion Cu
2+
: 0,076(nm); Cu
+
: 0,095 (nm)
- m in: 1,9
- Nng ln ion ha I
1
, I
2
: 744; 1956 (KJ/mol)
- Th in cc chun: E
0
Cu
2+
/
Cu
: +0,34(V).
II. Tnh cht vt l:
L kim loi mu , do, d ko si v trng mng.
Dn in v nhit rt cao (ch km hn bc). D = 8,98g/cm
3
; t
0
nc

= 1083
0
C
III. Ha tnh: Cu l KL km hot ng; c tnh kh yu.
1. P vi phi kim:
- Khi t nng 2Cu + O
2
2CuO (ng II oxit)
- Cu td Vi Cl
2
, Br
2
, S nhit thng hoc un nng.
PT: Cu + Cl
2
CuCl
2
(ng clorua) Cu + S CuS (ng sunfua).
2. Tc dng vi axit:
a. Vi HCl, H
2
SO
4
(l):
Khng phn ng nhng nu c mt O
2
ca khng kh th Cu b oh Cu
2+
(H 7.11)
PT: 2Cu + 4HCl + O
2
2CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
2Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
(l) + O
2
2CuSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
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b. Vi HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c nng:
0 4 2 ) 0 ( 3 ) ( 8 3
2
2
2 3
2 5
3
0
H NO N Cu l NO H Cu + | + +
+
+ +

0 2 0 2 ) 0 ( ) ( 4
2
4
2 2 3
2 5
3
0
H N N Cu NO H Cu + + +
+ + +

0 4 2 ) ( ) , ( 2
2 2
4
2 3
2
4
6
2
0
H O S SO Cu n SO H Cu + + +
+ + +

3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
- ng kh c ion ca nhng kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha trong dd mui
KL t do
TD: Cu + 2AgN0
3
Cu(N0
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+ Cu + 2Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2Ag+
B. Mt s hp cht ca ng:
1. ng (II) Oxit: CuO l cht rn, mu en
Tnh oxi ha: TD: | + +
+
2
0 2
0 0
0
C Cu C O Cu
t
0 3 3 2
2
2
0 0
3
3 2
0
H N Cu H N O Cu
t
+ | + +
+

Tnh oxit baz : CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
2. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)
2
Cht rn, mu xanh
Tnh baz: Phn ng vi axit M + H
2
O
TD: Cu(OH)
2
+ 2HCl CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
0
Cu(OH)
2
d b nhit phn: Cu(OH)
2

0
t
CuO + H
2
0
3. Mui ng II : CuS0
4
(khan) mu trng, cht rn. CuSO
4
hp th nc to thnh CuSO
4
.5H
2
O
mu xanh dng CuSO
4
khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc cht lng.

PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
A. L thuyt
I. Cu to nguyn t, v tr trong bng tun hon v tnh cht vt l
Cu 1:Chn cu sai
A. Cu thuc nhm IB B. Cu nm chu k 4
C. Cu c s hiu nguyn t bng 32 D. Cu l nguyn t kim loi chuyn
tip
Cu 2: Tng s p,e ca Cu l : A. 56 B. 58 C. 60 D. 64
Cu 3: ng c cu hnh e l [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
, vy cu hnh e ca Cu
+
v Cu
2+
ln lt l:
A. [Ar]3d
10
; [Ar]3d
9
B. [Ar]3d
9
4s
1
; [Ar]3d
8
4s
1

C. [Ar]3d
9
4s
1
; [Ar]3d
9
D. [Ar]3d
8
4s
2
; [Ar]3d
8
4s
1

Cu 4: ng l A. nguyn t s B. nguyn t d C. nguyn t p D.
nguyn t f
Cu 5: Chn cu sai
A. Nguyn t Cu c phn thnh 4 lp e, mi lp ln lt c: 2e, 8e, 18e, 2e
B. Trong cc hp cht, 1 trong nhng s oxh ph bin ca Cu l +1
C. ng c th kh FeCl3 thnh FeCl2
D. Cu hnh e ca ion ng l [Ar]3d
10

Cu 6: Chn cu tr li ng nht. So vi kim loi nhm IA
A. Cu c bn knh nguyn t ln hn, ion Cu
2+
c in tch ln hn
B. Cu c bn knh nguyn t ln hn, ion Cu
2+
c in tch nh hn
C. Cu c bn knh nguyn t nh hn, ion Cu
2+
c in tch nh hn
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D. Cu c bn knh nguyn t nh hn, ion Cu
2+
c in tch ln hn
Cu 7: V sao lin kt trong n cht, Cu bn vng hn nguyn t kim loi kim
A. V Cu khng tan trong H
2
O
B. V Cu c cu to kiu mnh lp phng tm khi
C. V Cu c M ln ( M
Cu
= 64 ) do cc nguyn t chng cht ln nhau to thnh 1 khi
vng chc.
D. V Cu c cu to kiu mng lp phng tm din
Cu 8: Cho s th t ca Cu l 29.pht biu no ng khi ni v Cu:
A. Thuc chu k 3,nhm IB B. Thuc chu k 4,nhm IB
C. Ion Cu
+
c cu hnh bo ha D. B,C ng
Cu 9:Tm cu sai: Tnh cht c trng ca kim loi chuyn tip l:
A. Khng c kh nng to phc
B. Th hin nhiu trng thi oxi ho
C. Cc nguyn t chuyn tip v hp cht thng c mu
D. C hot tnh xc tc
Cu 10: Tm cu sai
A. Cu do, d ko si
B. Tia X c th m xuyn qua l ng dy 3 5 cm
C. Cu c th dt mng hn giy t 5 n 6 ln
D. Cu dn nhit, in tt
Cu 11: Nguyn t c dn in tt nht l: A. Al B. Au C. Cu D. Ag
Cu 12: Trong cc kin loi sau :Cu,Al, Fe, Ag. Ngi ta thng dung nhng kim loi no lm cht
dn in,dn nhit:
A. Cu v Fe B. Fe v Ag C. Cu v Ag D. Al v Cu
II. Cu hi hin tng, nhn bit
Cu 13: Nu 1 thanh ng nm chm 1 phn trong dd H
2
SO
4 long
th:
A. Khng xy ra phn ng ha hc B. ng s b H
2
SO
4
oxh
C. S c kh H
2
thot ra D. Dung dch s c mu xanh lam
Cu 14: Chn cu ng
A. Cu b th ng ha trong HNO
3
c, ngui
B. Cu + HNO
3
c, nng to kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh
C. thanh Cu lu ngy ngoi khng kh, thanh Cu b ha en do hp cht CuO to ra trn
b mt
D. C A,B,C u sai
Cu 15: C hin tng g xy ra khi nh t t dd HCl vo K
2
Cr
2
O
7
un nng:
A. c kh mu vng thot ra
B. dd mu cam chuyn sang mu xanh lc
C. xut hin kt t xanh lam sau kt ta tan ra
D. xut hin kt ta xanh lam sau ha nu trong khng kh
Cu 16: C hin tng g xy ra khi nh t t metyl amin vo dd CuSO
4

A. khng c hin tng g
B. xut hin kt ta xanh lam
C. xut hin kt ta xanh lam sau kt ta tan ra
D. xut hin kt ta xanh lam sau kt ta ha nu trng khng kh
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Cu 17: Hin tng xy ra khi cho H
2
qua bnh ng CuO l
A. CuO chuyn t mu en sang mu B. CuO chuyn t mu sang mu en
C. C kh thot ra lm c nc vi trong D. Khng c hin tng g
Cu 18: Khi cho CO d vo bnh ng CuO nung nng th c hin tng:
A. Cht rn t mu chuyn sang mu en
B. Cht rn t mu en chuyn sang mu
C. Cht rn t mu trng chuyn sang mu en
D. Cht rn t mu trng chuyn sang mu
Cu 19: Gii php no nhn bit khng hp l.
A. Dng OH
-
nhn bit NH
4
+
v xut hin kh lm xanh giy qu m.
B. Dng Cu v H
2
SO
4
long nhn bit NO
3
-
v xut hin kh khng mu ha nu trong k.kh
C. Dng Ag
+
nhn bit PO
4
3-
v to kt ta vng.
D. Dng tn m cn nhn bit N
2
v tn m bng chy thnh ngn la.
Cu 20: Chn cu sai: Khi nung nng hn hp CuO, NH
4
Cl th hn hp sn phm kh
A. Lm i mu giy qu m B. Lm xanh CuSO
4
khan
C. Tc dng vi NaOH ch to 1 mui duy nht D. Lm mt mu dung dch nc
Brm
Cu 21: C mt cc ng dd HCl, nhng mt l Cu vo,quan st bng mt thng khng c
chuyn g xy ra.tuy nhin,nu lu ngy,dd trong cc dn chuyn sang mu xanh.l Cu c th b
t ch tip xc vi b mt thong ca cc axit.nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny l:
A. Cu tc dng chm vi axit HCl B. Cu tc dng vi HCl c mt ca O
2
trong khng
kh
C. Xy ra hin tng n mn in ha D. Cu b th ng trong mi trng axit
Cu 22: X l cht c mu xanh lc nht,tan tt trong nc c phn ng axit yu.Cho dd X phn
ng vi dd NH
3
d th mi u c kt ta sau kt ta tan v dung dch c mu xanh m.Cho
H
2
S li qua dung dch X c axit ha bng axit HCl thy c kt ta en xut hin.Mt khc cho
BaCl
2
v o dd X c kt ta trng khng tan trong axit d.Xc nh ca mui X:
A. NiSO
4
B. CuSO
4
C. CuSO
4
.5H
2
O D. CuCl
2

Cu 23: Hin tng g xy ra khi a 1 dy Cu mnh,c un l xo, nng vo l thy tinh
ng y kh clo,y c cha 1 lp nc mng
A. dy Cu khng chy
B. dy Cu chy mnh,c khi mu nu
C. dy Cu chy mnh,c khi mu nu,khi khi tan,lp nc y l c mu xanh nht
D. khng c hin tng xy ra
Cu 24: Dung dch X c mu da cam.Nu cho thm vi git KOH,mu da cam chuyn sang mu
vng chanh.Sau tip tc nh vi git axit H
2
SO
4
dd li chuyn dn v mu cam.Vy X l:
A. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
B. K
2
CrO
4
C. KMnO
4
D. Br
2

Cu 25: Dung dch A cha hn hp AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.Cho bt Fe vo A, sau khi p xong lc
tch c dung dch A
1
v cht rn B
1
.cho tip 1 lng Mg vo A
1
,kt thc pu, lc tch kt ta thu
c dd A
2
v cht rn B
2
gm 2 kim loi.Cho B
2
vo dd HCl thy khng c hin tng g.Dung
dch A
2
tc dng vi xt d thu c 3 hidroxit kt ta.cho bit thnh phn ca B
1
,B
2
,A
1
,A
2
tng
ng:
A. Ag; Cu,Ag; Fe
2+
,Cu
2+
,Ag
+
; Fe
2+
,Mg
2+
,Cu
2+

B. Ag; Cu,Ag; Fe
3+
,Cu
2+
,Ag
+
; Fe
2+
,Mg
2+
,Cu
2+

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C. Ag,Fe; Cu,Ag; Fe
2+
,Cu
2+
; Fe
2+
,Mg
2+
,Cu
2+

D.kt qu khc
III. Cu hi in ly, oxi ha kh, phn ng c trng
Cu 26: Tm cu ng nht
A. Cu khng b oxh bi Br
2
B. CuO tc dng vi Cu nhit cao to Cu
2
O
C. S c th oxh Cu ln Cu
+1
D. Khng tn ti hp cht CuCl
Cu 27: Tng h s cn bng ( ti gin ) ca PTHH khi cho Cu + HNO
3
c l:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 9
Cu 28: Trong phn ng : 2Cu + 4HCl + O
2
2CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O, nhn nh no sau y l ng
A. HCl va l cht kh, va l mi trng B. O
2
b HCl kh to thnh O
-2

C. HCl ch l mi trng D. O
2
va ng vai tr cht xc tc, va l cht
oxh
Cu 29: PTHH no sai:
A. Cu(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH

Na
2
CuO
2
+ 2H
2
O B. Na
2
S + CuCl
2
2NaCl + CuS
C. Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag D. CuS + HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
S
Cu 30: Cho cac phan ng sau:
1. Zn + Cu
2+

Zn
2+
+ Cu. 3. Cu + Fe
2+

Cu
2+
+ Fe.
2. Cu + Pt
2+

Cu
2+
+ Pt. 4. Pt + 2H
+

Pt
2+
+ H2.
Phan ng nao co the xay ra theo chieu thuan. A. (1), (2). B. (3), (4) C. (1),(2),(3). D.(2),
(3).
Cu 31: NH
3
c th tc dng vi cc cht no sau y (trong iu kin thch hp)
A. HCL, KOH, N
2,
O
2,
P
2
O
5
B. HCL, CuCl
2
, Cl
2
, CuO, O
2

C. H
2
S, Cl
2
, AgCl, H
2
, Ca(OH)
2
D. CuSO
4
, K
2
CO
3
, FeO, HNO
3
, CaO
Cu 32: Ion OH
-
c th phn ng vi ion no sau y:
A. H
+
, NH
4
+
, HCO
3
-
B. Cu
2+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
C. Fe
3+
,HSO
4
-
, Zn
2+
D. C A, B, C u ng
Cu 33: ddh cha ion H
+
c th phn ng vi dd cha cc ion hay phn ng vi cc cht rn no
sau y:
A. CaCO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, Cu(OH)
2
B. NaCl, CuO, Fe(OH)
2

C. KOH, KNO
3,
CaCl
2
D. NaHCO
3
, KCl, FeO
Cu 34: Cho 4 ion: Al
3+
, Cu
2+
, Zn
2+
, Pt
2+
. Chn ion c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Pb
2+

A. Al
3+
,Zn
2+
B. Al
3+
C. Cu
2+
,Pt
2+
D. Pt
2+

Cu 35: Cho 4 kim loi: Ni,Cu, Fe,Ag v 4dd mui :AgNO
3
, CuCl
2
, NiSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
kim loi
no c th kh c c 4 dd mui: A. Fe B. Cu C. Ni D. Ag
Cu 36:Trong qu trnh in phn dd CuCl
2
, nc c vai tr g sau y:
A. dn in B. phn li phn t CuCl
2
thnh ion C. xc tc D. kin khc
Cu 37: iu no sau y sai:
A. hn hp Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
c th tan trong nc
B. hn hp KNO
3
v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch NaHSO
4

C. hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl
D. hn hp FeS v CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl
Cu 38: Cho 4 kim loi Al,Fe,Cu,Mg vo 4 dung dch ZnSO
4
,AgNO
3
,CuCl
2
,Al
2
(SO4)
3
. Kim loi
no kh c c 4 dung dch mui : A. Fe B. Al C. Mg D. Cu
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Cu 39: Bc tip xc vi khng kh c mt H
2
S :Ag + H
2
S +O
2
-> Ag
2
S +H
2
O.pht biu no sau
y khng ng v cc phn ng:
A. Ag l cht kh,O
2
l cht oxi ha B. Ag b O
2
oxi ha khi c mt H
2
S
C. H
2
S l cht kh, O
2
l cht oxi ha D. H
2
S tham gia phn ng vi t cch l mi
trng
Cu 40: Khi in phn dd CuSO
4
anot xy ra qu trnh: H
2
O -> 2H
+
+1/2 O
2
+2e. nh vy anot
c lm bng:
A. Zn B. Cu C. Ni D. Pt
Cu 41: inphndd CuSO
4
vi anot Cu nhn thy mu xanh ca dd khng thay i.chn 1 trong
cc l do sau:
A. s in phn khng xy ra B. thc cht l in phn nc
C. Cu va to ra catot li tan ngay D. Lng Cu bm vo catot bng lng Cu tan ra
anot
Cu 42: Cho Cu
2
S tan trong dd HNO
3
long, sau phn ng khng d axit,kh sinh ra khng mu
ha nu trong khng kh, sau phn ng c:
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, NO, H
2
O B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, N
2
O, H
2
O
C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, NO
2
, H
2
O D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, CuSO
4
, NO, H
2
O
Cu 43: T cc cp oxi ha kh: Fe
2+
/Fe, Mg
2+
/Mg, Cu
2+
/Cu, Ag
+
/Ag, s pin in ha c th lp
c ti a l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu 44: Cho kh H
2
S li chm cho n d qua hn hp gm FeCl
3
,AlCl
3
,NH
4
Cl,CuCl
2
thu c
kt ta X.thnh phn ca X l:
A. FeS,CuS B. FeS, Al
2
S
3
, CuS C. CuS D. CuS, S
Cu 45: Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra:
A. FeS + 2HCl ->FeCl
2
+ H
2
S B. Ag
2
S +2HCl->2AgCl +H
2
S
C. H
2
S + Pb(NO
3
)
2
->PbS + 2HNO
3
D. Na
2
S +Pb(NO
3
)
2
-> PbS +2NaNO
3

Cu 46: Sc mt dng kh H
2
S vo dd CuSO
4
thy xut hin k.ta en khng nh no ng:
A. axit H
2
SO
4
yn hn axit H
2
S B. CuS khng tan trong axit H
2
SO
4

C. Xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh D. Nguyn nhn khc
Cu 47: C 4 ng nghim ng 4 l mt nhn: NaCl, KNO
3
, Pb(NO
3
), CuSO
4
.hy chn trnh t
tin hnh nhn bit 4dd trn:
A. dd Na
2
S v dd AgNO
3
B. dd Na
2
S v dd NaOH
C. kh H
2
S v dd AgNO
3
D. A v C
Cu 48: Nh t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch X thy b vn c,nh tip NaOH vo thy
dung dch tr li trong sut.Sau nh tip dd HCl li thy dung dch vn c ri trong sut.Vy
dd X l:
A. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
B. Pb(NO
3
)
2
C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
D. A hoc B
Cu 49: Mt hp kim gm: Ag,Zn,Fe,Cu.ha cht no ha tan hon ton hp kim trn:
A. dd NaOH B. dd HCl C. dd H
2
SO
4
c ngui D. dd HNO
3
c
Cu 50: C nhng cp kim loi sau y tip xc vi nhau :Al-Fe; Cu-Zn. kim loi no b n mn
in ha:
A. Al;Cu B. Al;Zn C. Fe;Zn D. Fe;Cu
Cu 51: Trong pin in ha Ag-Cu.kt lun no sai:
A. Ag l cc dng B. Dng e dch chuyn t Cu sang Ag
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C. Qu trnh kh ion xy ra cc Cu D. Qu trnh oxi ha xy ra cc Cu
Cu 52: Cho mt t bt Fe vo dd AgNO
3
d,kt thc TN thu c dung dch X gm:
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
B. AgNO
3
,Fe(NO
3
)
2
C. AgNO
3
,Fe(NO
3
)
3
D. AgNO
3
,Fe(NO
3
)
2
,Fe(NO
3
)
3

Cu 53: Khi nhit phn, dy mui nitrat no u cho sn phm l oxit kim loi,kh NO
2
v O
2
:
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
,LiNO
3
,KNO
3
,Mg(NO
3
)
2
B. Hg(NO
3
)
2
;AgNO
3
;NaNO
3
;Ca(NO
3
)
2

C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
;Fe(NO
3
)
2
;Mg(NO
3
)
2
;Fe(NO
3
)
3
D. Zn(NO
3
)
2
;KNO
3
;Pb(NO
3
)
2
;Fe(NO
3
)
2

Cu 54: Lc m gam bt Fe vi dd A gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
khi pu kt thc thu c cht rn B
v dung dch C,cho C tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c 2 hidroxit kim loi.Vy 2 hidroxit l:
A. AgOH v Cu(OH)
2
B. Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2
C. Fe(OH)
3
v Cu(OH)
2
D. B hoc C
Cu 55: Khi in phn hn hp dung dch NaCl v CuSO
4
, nu dung dch sau khi in phn ha
tan c Al
2
O
3,
thng xy ra trng hp no sau y:
A.NaCl d B. NaCl d hoc CuSO
4
d
C. CuSO
4
d D. NaCl va CuSO
4
b .phan ht.
Cu 56: Hon hp gom FeS
2
va CuS
2
. Cho hon hp tren phan ng vi d.d HNO
3
, sau
phan ng ch thu c 2 muoi sunfat va kh NO. Hoi phng trnh hoa hoc nao sau ay
bieu dien ung:
A. 2FeS
2
+ 10HNO
3
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ 10NO + H
2
O.
Cu
2
S + 4HNO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
2CuSO
4
+ 4NO + 3H
2
O.
B. 2FeS
2
+ 10HNO
3
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ 10NO + H
2
O.
3Cu
2
S + 10HNO
3
6CuSO
4
+ NO + 5H
2
O.
C. FeS
2
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ NO + H
2
O.
Cu
2
S + 4HNO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
2CuSO
4
+ 4NO + 3H
2
O.
D. FeS
2
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ NO + H
2
O.
3Cu
2
S + 10HNO
3
6CuSO
4
+ NO + 5H
2
O.
Cu 57: Cho hh Ag,Cu. o c khi lng Ag trong hn hp, ngi ta dng :
A. NaOH B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
C. AgNO
3
D. HCl
Cu 58: Vai tr ca nc khi in phn dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
A. dn in B. cht kh C. phn li ion D. c B,C
Cu 59: Khi nhit phn CuCO
3.
Cu(OH)
2
n khi lng khng i th sn phm rn to ra
A. CuCO
3
, Cu(OH)
2
B. CuO C. Cu D. CuCO
3
hoc Cu(OH)
2

Cu 60: Chn cu tr li ng: Cu(OH)
2
l:
A. Cht rn, mu trng B. Baz
C. Cht c tnh axit v tc dng c vi NH3 D. Cht to ra nc Svayde
IV. iu ch, tch cht v ng dng trong thc t
Cu 61: Qung CuFeS
2
l qung g
A. Qung Halcopirit B. Qung Boxit C. Qung Bonit D. Qung Malachit
Cu 62: Cht no dng pht hin vt nc trong du ha, benzen
A. NaOH khan B. CuSO4 khan C. CuSO4.5H2O D. C A v B
Cu 63: Hp kim no cha nhiu ng nht:
A. ng thau B. ng bch C. Vng 9 cara D. Lng ng nh
nhau
Cu 64: Nc swayde l sn phm khi cho:
A. CuO vo dd HNO3 B. Cu vo dd NH3
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C. Cu(OH)2 vo dd NH3 D. Cu(OH)2 vo dd NaOH
Cu 65: Chn cu sai:
A. 1 trong nhng phng php ph bin khi iu ch Cu l thy luyn
B. 1 trong nhng phng php ph bin khi iu ch Cu l nhit luyn
C. 1 trong nhng phng php ph bin khi iu ch Cu l in phn dung dch
D. Ngi ta khng dng in phn nng chy iu ch Cu
Cu 66: Cho hh Cu,Fe,Al. Dng 1 ha cht c th thu c Cu vi lng vn nh c
A. HCl B. CuSO4 C. NaOH D. Fe(NO3)3
Cu 67: ng bch l hp kim ca ng vi: A. Zn B. Sn C. Ni D. Au
Cu 68: Ngnh kinh t no s dng nhiu ng nht trn TG
A. Kin trc, xy dng B. Cng nghip in
C. My mc cng nghip D. Cc ngnh khc
Cu 69: Chn cu tr li ng nht. Vng ty l hp kim ca Au v
A .Cu B. Al C. Ag D. A v C
Cu 70: Hp kim Cu Zn ( Zn 45% ) gi l j`
A. ng thau B. ng bch C. ng thanh D. p n khc
Cu 71: bo v v tu bin ngi ta nn dng kim loi no trong cc kim loi sau:Cu, Mg, Zn,
Pb:
A. Cu B. Mg, Pb C. Mg, Cu D. Mg,Zn
Cu 72: Khi tch Au ra khi hh gm:Au, Cu, Fe ngi ta khng dng:
A. dd H
2
SO
4
c nng B. dd FeCl
3
C. dd AgNO
3
D. dd HNO
3

Cu 73: Xc nh phng php iu ch Cu tinh khit t CuCO
3
.Cu(OH)
2

+ (1) ha tan CuCO
3
trong axit(H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
,):
CuCO
3
.Cu(OH)
2
+2H
2
SO
4
-> 2CuSO
4
+CO
2
+ 3H
2
O.
Sau cho tc dng vi bt st: Fe + Cu
2+
-> Fe
2+
+Cu
+ (2) Nung CuCO
3
.Cu(OH)
2
-> 2CuO + CO
2
+ H
2
O.
Sau dng cht kh H
2
(CO, Al,) kh CuO ta c Cu
+ (3) Ha tan hn hp trong axit HCl ta thu c CuCl
2
, in phn CuCl
2
thu c Cu
A. 1,2 B. 2,3 C. 1 D. 1,2,3
Cu 74: Hn hp A gm 3 kim loi :Cu,X,Fe. tch ri kim loi X ra khi hn hp A, m khng
lm thay i khi lng X,dng 1 ha cht duy nht l mui nitrat st.Vy X l:
A. Ag B. Pb C. Zn D. Al
Cu 75: Cng nghip silicat l ngnh cng nghip ch bin cc hp cht ca silic.Ngnh sn xut
no sau y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat:
A. sn xut gm B. sn xut ximang
C. sn xut thy tinh pha l D. sn xut thy tinh plexiglat
Cu 76: Cc vt bng Cu b oxi ha,bn c th dng ha cht no sau y nh bng vt:
A. dd HCl B. dd HNO
3
C. dd NH
3
D. c A,B v C
Cu 77: Mt tm kim loi bng Au b bm 1 lp kim loi bng Fe b mt,ta c th dng dd no
sau y loi b tp cht ra khi Au:
A. dd CuSO
4
d B. dd FeSO
4
d C. dd Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
D. dd Zn(SO
4
)
2

Cu 78: Cng thc ha hc ca nc Svayde, dng ha tan xenlulozo l:
A. [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
B. [Zn(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
C. [Cu(NH
3
)
2
](OH) D. [Ag(NH
3
)
2
](OH)
Cu 79: iu ch mt t Cu trong phng th nghim ,ngi ta dng phng php no:
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1. cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4

2. kh CuO bng CO nhit cao
3. in phn dd CuSO
4

A. ch dng 1 B. ch dng 3 C. dng 1 v 2 D. dng 2 v 3
Cu 80: Bo v v tu bin,ngi ta gn tm Zn v tu,ngi ta s dng phng php bo v
kim loi khi b n mn bng cch:
A. cch li kim loi vi mi trng B. dng Zn l cht chng n mn
C. dng phng php in ha D. dng Zn l cht chng g

B. Bi tp
I. Bi tp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui
Cu 1: Cho 8g bt Cu vo 200ml dd AgNO
3
, sau 1 thi gian lc c dd A v 9,52g cht rn.Cho
tip bt Pb vo dd A. P xong lc tch c dd B ch cha 1 mui duy nht v 6,705g cht
rn.Nng C
M
ca AgNO
3
ban u l:
A. 0,2M B. 0,25M C. 0,35M D. 0,1M
Cu 2: S dng d kin ca cu 1. Cho 40g bt kim loi M d c ha tr 2 vo 1lit dd B, phn ng
hon ton,lc tch thu c 44.575 cht rn ko tan.kim loi M l: A. Cu B. Mg C. Fe
D. Ca
Cu 3: Cho m g Fe vo 100ml dd cha Cu(NO3)2 0,1M v AgNO3 0,2M thu c dd cha 2 ion
kim loi v cht rn c khi lng (m+1,6)g.Tnh m
A. 0,28g B. 2,8g C. 0,56g D. 0,59g
Cu 4: Cho 1 inh Fe vo 1lit dd cha Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3 0,12M.sau khi p kt thc thu
c dd A vi mu xanh nht 1 phn v 1 cht rn B c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca inh
Fe ban u l 10,4g.tnh khi lng ca inh Fe ban u.
A. 11,2g B. 5,6g C. 16,8g D. 8,96g
Cu 5: Trn 2 dd AgNO3 0,44M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36M vi V bng nhau thu c dd A.Thm 0,81
g bt Al vo 100ml dd A thu c cht rn B v dd C.Tnh khi lng ca B
A. 10,4g B. 9,8g C. 6,39g D. kt qu khc
Cu 6: S dng d kin ca cu 5. Cho cht rn B phn ng hon ton vi dd Cu(NO3)2 thu dc
5,982 g cht rn D. % khi lng cc cht trong D l:
A. Pb 34,6%,Ag 39,72%,Cu 25,68% B. Pb 22,6%,Ag 34,4%,Cu 43%
C. Ag 75,35%,cu 24,65% D. Kt qu khc
Cu 7: Nhng 1 tm Fe c khi lng 10g vo dd CuCl2 ,sau thi gian p khi lng tm kim loi
tng ln so vi ban u l 0,75g. Tnh hm lng Fe trong tm st sau p:
A. 100% B. 47,5 % C. 95,09% D. p n khc
Cu 8: Cho 2.24g bt Fe vo 100ml dd hh gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Khuy u n
khi p hon ton thu dc cht rn A v dd B. Tnh khi lng cht rn A
A. 3,32g B. 0.84g C. 4,48g D. 0,48g
Cu 9: S dng d kin cu 8. Tnh CM ca dd B: Fe(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2 ln lt l:
A. 0,2M v 0,35M B. 0,3M v 0,35M C. 0,2M v 0,4M D. 0,4M v 0,15M
Cu 10: Cho 5,6g gm Mg v Cu tc dng vi 400ml dd AgNO3 1M. Phn ng hon ton thu
c 32,4 g cht rn A v dd nc lc B. Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u (ln lt Mg
v Cu) l:
A. 2,6 v 3 B. 4,15 v 1,45 C. 3,52 v 2,08 D. p n khc
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Cu 11: Nhng 1 thanh Fe nng 100g vo 500 ml dd cha hn hp CuSO4 0,08M v Ag2SO4
0,004M.Gi s tt c Cu,Ag thot ra u bm vo thanh Fe. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh Fe ra cn li
c 100,48g. Khi lng kim loi bm vo thanh Fe l: A.1,768g B.1,712g C.1,809g
D.3g
Cu 12: Cho a gam bt Fe vo 200ml dd X cha 2 mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi p xong
thu c 3,44g cht rn B v dd C. Lc ly B ri cho C tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 3,68g kt
ta gm 2 hidroxit kim loi.Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 3,2g
cht rn.Tnh a va C
M
ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 ban u:
A. 1,68 g v 0,01M v 0,015M B. 1,68g v 0,1 v 0,15M
C. 3,36 g v 0,1M v 0,15M D. Kt qu khc
Cu 13: Cho 4,32g hn hp bt gm 2 kim loi tc dung vi H2SO4 long d c 2,688l kh
(ktc) v thy khi lng kim loi gim i 1 na. Phn kim loi cn li em ha tan trong dd
HNO3 c nng d thy to ra 224ml kh mi hc( 0 C v 2 atm).Hai kim loi l:
A. Al v Cu B. Al v Ag C. Fe v Cu D. Fe v Ag
Cu 14: 2 hc sinh cng lm TN vi dd X cha AgNO3 0,15M v Cu(NO3)2 0,01M.
Hs A cho m(g) Mg vo 200ml dd X thu c 5g cht rn v dd Y
Hs B cho vo 200ml dd X 0,78g kim loi T (ng trc Cu trong dy in ha) c ha tr 2 trong
hp cht thu c 2,592g cht rn v dd Z. m c gi tr l:
A. 2,2 B. 3,6 C. 2,04 D. 1,632
Cu 15: S dng d kin cu 14. M l:
A. Al B. Mg C. Zn D. .Ni
Cu 16: Nhng 1 thanh kim loi Zn(d) vo 1 dd cha hn hp 3,2g CuSO
4
v 6,24g CdSO
4
. Sau
khi Cu v Cd b y hon ton khi dd th khi lng Zn tng hoc gim bao nhiu:
A. tng 1,39g B. gim 1,39g C. tng 4g D. kt qu khc
Cu 17: Nhng 1 thanh graphit ph 1 kim loi A ha tr 2 vo dd CuSO
4
d.Sau phn ng thanh
graphit gim 0,04g. Tip tc nhng thanh ny vo dd AgNO
3
d. Khi phn ng kt thc khi lng
gim 6,08g (so vi sau khi nhng vo CuSO
4
). Kim loi A l:
A. Ca B. Cd C. Zn D. Cu
Cu 18: Cho 2thanh kim loi M c ha tr II v c khi lng bng nhau.Nhng thanh 1 vo dd
Cu(NO3)2 v thanh 2 vo dd Pb(NO3)2. Sau 1 thi gian khi lng thanh 1 gim 0,2% v thanh 2
tng 28,4 % so vi thanh kim loi u. S mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v Pb(NO3)2 trong 2 dd gim nh
nhau. Kim loi M l:
A. Zn B. Fe C. Mg D. Cd
Cu 19: S dng d kin cu 18. Nhng 19,5g thanh kim loi M vo dd cha 0,2mol Cu(NO3)2 v
0,2 mol Pb(NO3)2.Cht rn thu c sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c khi lng l:
A. 10,2g B. 12,5g C. 33,5 g D. 46.5g

II. Bi tp v kim loi tc dng vi HNO3

Cu 20: Cho 2,72g hh Cu v CuO ha tan hon ton vo dd HNO
3
long, thy thot ra 448 ml
(dktc) 1 kh khng tan trong nc. Cng 1 lng Cu v CuO nh vy ha tan trong V ml dd H
2
SO
4

98%(D=1,84g/ml). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 4,2 B. 3,9.. C. 5,4 D. 4,4
Cu 21: C 2 TN
TN1: cho 32g Cu vo 400ml dd HNO
3
3M thu dc V
1
lit khi NO
2
duy nht.
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TN
2
: cho 32g Cu vo 400ml dd HNO
3
3M v HCl 1M thu dc V
2
lit kh NO
2
duy nht.
Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l: A. V
1
=V
2
B. V
1
=2V
2
C. 4V
1
=3V
2
D. p n khc
Cu 22: Ho tan 19,2 gam Cu vo 500ml dung dch NaNO
3
1M, sau thm vo 500ml dung dch
HCl 2M vo. Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO duy nht. Phi thm bao nhiu
ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X kt ta ht ion Cu2+ ?
A. 600 B. 800 C. 530 D. 400
Cu 23: Ho tan hon ton hn hp 7,32g gm 5,4g Ag v cn li l Cu v dung dch HNO3 thu
c hn hp kh X gm NO v NO
2
c t l s mol tng ng l 2:3. Th tch hn hp kh X
ktc l:
A.2,737 l B. 1,369 l C. 2,224 l D. 3,3737 l
Cu 24: Cho 6,4g Cu tc dng vi dd HNO3 long. Kh NO thu c em oxi ho thng NO2 ri
cho hp th vo nc c sc kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3. GS hiu sut ca qu trnh l
100%. Th tch O2 (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l:
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
Cu 25: Ho tan hn hp gm Zn, ZnO bng dd HNO3 long, d ( khng c kh thot ra ). Dung
dch thu c cha 8g NH4NO3 v 113,4 g Zn(NO3)2. Phn trm s mol Zn trong hn hp ban
u l:
A. 66,67 % B. 33,33 % C. 28,33 % D. 16,66 %
Cu 26: Ha tan 3g hp kim Cu-Ag bng dung dch HNO
3
d to ra 7,34g hh 2 mui nitrat tng
ng.% khi lng ca Cu trong hp kim l: A. 32% B. 64% C. 50%
D. 60%
Cu 27: Th tch NO (ktc) thu c khi ha tan 19,2 g Cu vo 600ml dd hh gm NaNO
3
1/3M v
H
2
SO
4
long:
A. 6,72l B. 3,36l C. 4,48l D. Kt qu khc

III. Bi tp in phn dung dch mui
Cu 28: in phn dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
vi cng dng in 9,65A n khi bt u c kh thot ra
catot th dng li. thi gian in phn la 40 pht.khi lng Cu sinh ra o catot l:
A. 7,68g B. 8,67g C. 6,4g D. 3,2g
Cu 29: Cho hn hp gm 4,2g Fe v 6g Cu vo dd HNO
3
sau phn ng thu dc 0,896l kh NO. Cc
p xy ra hon ton,khi lng mui thu c l:
A. 5,4g B. 11g C. 10,8g D. 11,8g
Cu 30: Sau 1 thi gian in phn 500 ml dd CuSO
4
thu c 1,344 l kh (ktc) thot ra anot.
Ngm thanh Al nh sch trong dd sau in phn.phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh Al tng
6,12 g. Tnh C
M
dd CuSO
4
ban u: A. 0,553 B. 0,6 C. 0,506 D.
kt qu khc
Cu 31: in phn dd X cha 0,4 mol M(NO
3
)
2
v 1mol NaNO
3
vi in cc tr trong thi gian
48phut 15 giay thu c 11,52g kim loi M v 2,016l kh(ktc) ti anot.Xc nh kim loi M:
A. Mg B. Zn C. Ni D. Cu
Cu 32: in phn 200ml dd CuCl
2
1M thu c 0,05 mol Cl
2
.Ngm 1 inh Fe sch vo dd cn li
sau phn ng in phn, khi phn ng kt thc ly inh Fe ra. Khi lng inh Fe tng ln l:
A. 9,6g B. 1,2g C. 0,4g D. 3,2g
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Cu 33: Sau khi in phn 200ml dd CuSO
4
(d=1,25M). Sau 1 thi gian khi lng dd gim 8g,dd
sau in phn tc dng va vi 1,12l kh H
2
S (dktc). Nng phn trm v nng C
M
ca dd
u l:
A. 96%;0,65M B. 96%;0,75M C. 69%;0,75M D. Kt
qu khc
Cu 34: Sau khi in phn dd CuCl
2
vi anot lm bng Cu 1 thi gian thy khi lng catot tng
3,2g, khi anot c: A. 1,12l kh Cl
2
thot ra B. 0,056l kh O
2
thot ra
C. 0,1 mol Cu tan vo dd D. 0,05mol Cu tan vo dd
Cu 35: in phn dd NiSO
4
vi in cc tr v cng dng in I=2A thu dc 2,36g kim loai
thot ra catot, hiu sut qu trnh l 80%. Vy thi gian in phn cho Ni l:
A. 3860s B. 4825s C. 7720s D. kt qu khc
Cu 36: Trn 47g Cu(NO
3
)
2
vi 17g AgNO
3
v 155,6g nc c dung dch A. in phn dd A
cho n khi khi lng dd gim 19,6g. Nng ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn li l:
A.13,35% B.13,55% C.13,75% D.14,1%
Cu 37: in phn dd AgNO
3
thu c dd c pH=3, hiu sut in phn l 80%, V dd coi nh ko
i. Nng AgNO
3
sau in phn l:
A. 0,25.10
-3
M B. 0,5.10
-3
M C. 0,75M D. 1,25.10
-3
M

IV. Mt s dng bi tp khc
Cu 38: Cho lung kh CO d i qua m g hn hp X gm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng cht rn gim 4,8g. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M ti thiu
ho tan ht m gam hn hp X l. A. 150ml B. 200ml C. 250ml
D. 100ml
Cu 39: Cho 1 lung kh CO d qua ng ng a gam hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n phn
ng hon ton ta thu c 1,16g hn hp 2 kim loi.kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong
d thu c 2,5 gam kt ta trng.a l:
A. 3,12g B. 1,56g C. 2,56g D. 1,65g
Cu 40: Nung nng mg Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau 1 thi gian dng li,lm ngui ri cn thy khi lng gim
0,54g.Vy khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5g B. 0,49g C. 0,94g D. 9,4g
Cu 41: Cho 31,6g hh Cu v Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo 1 bnh kn khng cha khng kh ri nung bnh nhit
cao phn ng xy ra hon ton.khi lng cht rn gim 9,2 g so vi ban u.Cho cht rn
ny td vi HNO
3
thy c NO thot ra.khi lng Cu trong hn hp u l:
A. 18,8 B. 12,8 C. 11,6 D. 15,7
Cu 42: Nhit phn hon ton 9,4 g 1 mui nitrat kim loi thu dc 4g cht rn oxit.CTPT ca mui
l:
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
C. KNO
3
D. AgNO
3

Cu 43: Ha tan a gam M
2
(CO3)
n
bng lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c dd mui c
nng 15,09%. CT ca mui l:
A. FeCO3 B. MgCO3 C. CuCO3 D. CaCO3
Cu 44: Cho 6,4g hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 2 mui c t l
mol l 1:1. S mol HCl tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0,2 mol B. 0,4 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 0,8 mol
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Cu 45: Cho 4,58g hp kim ca Fe, Cr, Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thot ra 2,52 lt kh
(ktc) v 1 phn cht rn khng tan. Lc ly phn khng tan em ho tan ht bng dung dch HCl
d ( khng c khng kh ) thot ra 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Crm trong hp
kim l:
A. 4,05% B. 13,66% C. 39,74% D. 82,29%
Cu 46: Cho 20,4 g hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Ag tc dng vi 600ml dd HCl 1M ( va ). Cho dn
NaOH vo A lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Lc ly kt ta v nung n khi lng khng
i, thu c a g cht rn. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 23,2 g B. 25,2 g C. 20,4 g D. 28,1
Cu 47: Trong 1 ng thy tinh hn kn,1 u a mol Zn, 1 u b mol Ag
2
O.Nung ng
600
0
C.Sau khi kt thc th nghim thy thnh phn khng kh trong ng nghim ko i,cn 2 cht
rn c 1 cht ko tan trong dd H
2
SO
4
cn 1 cht tan hon ton trong dd H
2
SO
4
nhng ko gii phng
kh.xc dnh t l a/b:
A. 3.57 B. 4.5 C. 1.0 D. 1.4
Cu 48: Cho cc cht :CuS, Cu
2
S ,CuO ,Cu
2
O.2 cht c phn trm khi lng Cu bng nhau l:
A. Cu
2
S v Cu
2
O B. CuS v CuO C. Cu
2
S v CuO D. CuS v Cu
2
O
Cu 49: Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O v bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO4 8%
iu ch c 560g dd CuSO4 16% ?
A. 80g CuSO4.5H2O v 480g dung dch CuSO4 8%
B. 60g CuSO4.5H2O v 500g dung dch CuSO4 8%
C. 100g CuSO4.5H2O v 460g dung dch CuSO4 8%
D. 120g CuSO4.5H2O v 440g dung dch CuSO4 8%
Cu 50: dung dch cha 1 mol KI vo dung dch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
trong axit H
2
SO
4 c, d
thu c n
cht X. S mol ca X l:
A. 0,2 mol B. 0,5 mol C. 1 mol D. 1,2 mol
Cu 51: Trong cng nghip sn xut Cu. Khi nung qung pirit ng trong khng kh xy ra phn
ng:
2CuFeS
2
+ 4O
2
Cu
2
S + 2FeO + 3SO
2
Th tch khng kh (ktc) cn dng t cha ht 1 tn qung Pirit ng l
A. 121,75.10
4
lt B. 194,7810
4
lt C. 40,695.10
4
lt D. 243,48.10
4
lt

P N

A. L thuyt

1 C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 B
11 C 12 C 13 D 14 C 15 B 16 B 17 D 18 B 19 D 20 D
21 B 22 C 23 C 24 A 25 B 26 B 27 B 28 C 29 D 30 A
31 B 32 D 33 A 34 C 35 A 36 B 37 D 38 C 39 C 40 D
41 D 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 B 46 B 47 D 48 D 49 D 50 B
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51 D 52 C 53 C 54 A 55 A 56 A 57 B 58 D 59 B 60 D
61 A 62 B 63 B 64 C 65 D 66 A 67 C 68 B 69 D 70 A
71 D 72 B 73 D 74 A 75 D 76 A 77 C 78 A 79 A 80 C



B. Bi tp

1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 D
11 B 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 C 16 A 17 C 18 A 19 C 20 B
21 D 22 B 23 B 24 A 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 C 30 C
31 D 32 B 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 D 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 C
41 B 42 B 43 C 44 A 45 C 46 B 47 C 48 C 49 A 50 B


Bi tp St v hp cht

1.11a Cu 4: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l
A.FeCO3. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeS2.
2.11a Cu 5: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt
lng dung dch HNO3. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch X v
5,6 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v NO2 (khng c sn phm kh khc ca N+5). Bit lng
HNO3 phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.50,4. B. 40,5. C. 44,8. D. 33,6.
3.11a Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S
cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
4.11a Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo. (2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 (long, d). (4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?
A.2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
5.11a Cu 31: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm
20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn
duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm
khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l
A.59,46%. B. 42,31%. C. 26,83%. D. 19,64%.
6.11a Cu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2O3, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c
dung dch Y v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt
ta
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A. Fe(OH)3. B. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 v Zn(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)3 v Zn(OH)2.
7.11a Cu 47: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt
thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H2SO4
(long, d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu
c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A.48,15%. B. 51,85%. C. 58,52%. D. 41,48%.
8.11a Cu 58: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A.Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
9.11a Cu 60: Ho tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4
(long, rt d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu
va 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m l
A.0,96. B. 1,24. C. 3,2. D. 0,64.
10.10aCu 2: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (II) Sc kh
SO2 vo dung dch H2S. (III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc. (IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung
dch HCl c, nng. (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung
dch HF. S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A.6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
11.10a Cu 15: Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO (k),
(3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy
ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (2), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
12.10a Cu 39: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x : y = 2 : 5),
thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng
Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A.2x. B. 3x. C. 2y . D. y.
13.09a Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi
cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
14.09a Cu 24: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc
vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A.I, II v IV. B. I, II v III. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
15.09a Cu 25: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a
m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84.
16.09a Cu 31: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X
l
A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
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C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
17.09a Cu 35: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn
hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung
dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th
lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A.360. B. 240. C. 400. D. 120.
18.09a Cu 36: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
19.09a Cu 38: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long,
ngui.
20.08a Cu 22: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp
rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
21.08a Cu 29: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X.
C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
22.08a Cu 47: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A.hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit .
23.08a Cu 55: Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh
ng:
+ O
2
, t
o
+ O
2
, t
o
+ X , t
o
CuFeS
2
X Y
Cu
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l:
A.Cu2O, CuO. B. CuS, CuO. C. Cu2S, CuO. D. Cu2S, Cu2O.
24.07aCu 2: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va
), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,04. B. 0,075. C. 0,12. D. 0,06.
25.07a Cu 7: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
26.07a Cu 15: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng) ; b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng) ;
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng) ; d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3
e) CH3CHO + H2
Ni,t
o
; f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 ;
g) C2H4 + Br2 h) glixerol + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
27.07a Cu 16: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A.Fe3O4. B. FeO. C. Fe. D. Fe2O3.
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28.07a Cu 19: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu
c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit
d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A.2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36.
29.07a Cu 22: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,
FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn
ng oxi ho - kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
30.07a Cu 32: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X.
Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A.80. B. 40. C. 20. D. 60.
31.07a Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit
H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c
khi lng l
A.6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D . 5,81 gam.
32.Cd11Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng
vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui l:
A.Cu, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Al, Cr. C. Cu, Pb, Ag. D. Fe, Mg, Al.
33.Cd11 Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch
axit H2SO4 long (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho lng d dung dch
NaOH vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr nh
nht ca m l
A.57,4. B. 59,1. C. 60,8. D. 54,0.
34.Cd11Cu 15: Cho cc cht: KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn,
s cht c th b oxi ha bi dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
35.Cd11Cu 30: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha. B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ha. D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
36.Cd11Cu 44: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l
A.Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
37.Cd11Cu 45: Cho phn ng: 6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 +
K2SO4 + 7H2O Trong phn ng trn, cht oxi ha v cht kh ln lt l
A.K2Cr2O7 v FeSO4. B. K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4.
C. H2SO4 v FeSO4. D. FeSO4 v K2Cr2O7.
38.10cd Cu 6: Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn hp
gm HCl v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A.(1), (3), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
39.10cd Cu 13: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn
trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A.56,37%. B. 64,42%. C. 43,62%. D. 37,58%.
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40.10cd Cu 18: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy
th in cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v
ion u phn ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:
A.Zn, Ag+. B. Ag, Cu2+. C. Ag, Fe3+. D. Zn, Cu2+.
41.10cd Cu 28: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch
NH3 n d vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung
dch mu xanh thm. Cht X l
A.FeO. B. Cu. C. CuO. D. Fe.
42.10cd Cu 30: Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht ca ). Gi tr ca a l N
A.5,6. B. 11,2. C. 8,4. D. 11,0.
43.09cd Cu 22: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vo mt lng va dung dch
HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe2+ v Fe3+ l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng
nhau. C cn phn mt thu c m1 gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai, c cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c m2 gam mui khan. Bit m2 m1 = 0,71. Th tch dung dch HCl
dng l
A.240 ml. B. 80 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 160 ml.
44.09cd Cu 24: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A.2,16. B. 5,04. C. 4,32. D. 2,88.
45.09cd Cu 38: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau
phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A.Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe3O4 v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe2O3 v
0,448.
46.09cd Cu 51: Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O2,
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M
va phn ng vi cht rn X l
A.400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
47.09cd Cu 59: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M,
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.34,44. B. 47,4. C. 30,18. D. 12,96.
48.CD08Cu 17: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn
ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A.1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
49.CD08Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht
trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
50.CD08Cu 35: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.
C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.
51.CD08Cu 36: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn
ng):NaOH+ddXFe(OH)2+ddYFe2(SO4)3 +ddZBaSO4
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Cc dd (dung dch) X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2. B. FeCl3H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.
52.CD08Cu 38: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin
khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii
phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va
V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
53.CD08Cu 41: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1.
Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO4 v H2SO4.
54.CD08Cu 47: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
55.Cd07Cu 4: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A.kim loi Mg. B. kim loi Cu. C. kim loi Ba. D. kim loi Ag.
56.Cd07Cu 9: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng
nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng.
57.Cd07Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi
tr ca m l
A.9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
58.Cd07Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl 20%, thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn
trm ca MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l (Cho H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56)
A.24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%.
59.Cd07Cu 46: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit
st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20.
Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho
H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
A.FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 75%.
60.Cd07Cu 48: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong
dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
61.11b Cu 25: luyn c 800 tn gang c hm lng st 95%, cn dng x tn qung manhetit
cha 80% Fe3O4 (cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh
sn xut l 1%. Gi tr ca x l
A.1394,90. B. 1325,16. C. 1311,90. D. 959,59.
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62.11b Cu 28: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca
nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16
gam X?
A.10,56 gam. B. 3,36 gam. C. 7,68 gam. D. 6,72 gam.
63.11b Cu 46: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u.
Gi tr ca m l
A.20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75. D. 32,50.
64.11b Cu 55: Ho tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc, thu c 150 ml
dung dch Y. Thm H2SO4 (d) vo 20 ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng
dung dch KMnO4 0,1M th dng ht 30 ml dung dch chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO4 trong
hn hp X l
A.68,4%. B. 9,12%. C. 31,6%. D. 13,68%.
65.10b Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a
gam kim loi M. Ho tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt
kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A.Cr2O3. B. FeO. C. Fe3O4. D. CrO.
66.10b Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch
H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc)
v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A.39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
67.10b Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp
th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7
gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.23,2. B. 12,6. C. 18,0. D. 24,0.
68.10b Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau: (a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1:1); (b) Sn
v Zn (2:1); (c) Zn v Cu (1:1); (d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1:1); (e) FeCl2 v Cu (2:1); (g) FeCl3 v Cu
(1:1). S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A.4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
69.10b Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl
(d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam
X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
70.10b Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O. Bit X v Y
l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ho. Cc cht X v Y l
A.Fe v I2. B. FeI3 v FeI2. C. FeI2 v I2. D. FeI3 v I2.
71.09b Cu 5: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v
Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn
Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 2,16. C. 4,08. D. 0,64.
72.09b Cu 12: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. ;
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. ; (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. ; (IV) Nhng l nhm
vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
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A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4
73.09b Cu 25: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long,
un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 151,5. B. 137,1. C. 97,5. D. 108,9.
74.09b Cu 30: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 2,24. D. 17,8 v 4,48.
75.09b Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu
c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4.
76.09b Cu 45: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2
0,2M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72
gam (gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 1,40 gam. B. 2,16 gam . C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,72 gam
77.09b Cu 50: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng
ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo
dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A.57,4. B. 28,7. C. 10,8. D. 68,2.
78.08b Cu 3: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l:
A. Dng O2 oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO3 kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
79.08b Cu 11: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha
khng kh (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c
cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng
nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc
cht rn l khng ng k)
A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b.
80.08b Cu 12: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v
m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
81.08b Cu 30: Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 cho kt ta l
A. CH3NH2. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3OH. D. CH3COOH.
82.08b Cu 46: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt
hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
83.08b Cu 50: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau: - Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch
FeCl3; - Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4; - Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu
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vo dung dch FeCl3; - Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch
HCl. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
84.08b Cu 56: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
A. 13,1 gam. B. 17,0 gam. C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1 gam.
85.07b Cu 4: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt
phn t CuFeS2 s
A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.
86.07b Cu 10: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l
sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4
87.07b Cu 12: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
88.07b Cu 31: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2.
Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
89.07b Cu 38: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2. B. HNO3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.
90.07b Cu 48: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra
0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS2. C. FeO D. FeCO3.
91.07b Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt
thc cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l (cho Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. 90,27%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D. 12,67%.

Bi tp cc kim loi nng v hp cht ca chng

1.11a Cu 32: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch
sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A.19,76 gam. B. 22,56 gam. C. 20,16 gam. D. 19,20 gam.
2.11a Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (3) Sc kh H2S vo
dung dch FeCl2. (4) Sc kh NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3. (5) Sc kh CO2 ti d vo
dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
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A.6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
3.11a Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
4.11a Cu 51: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo dung dch Na2CrO4 l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu.
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam.
5.10a Cu 10: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung
dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi.
Gi tr ca m l
A.12,80. B. 12,00. C. 6,40. D. 16,53.
6.10a Cu 11: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4 long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c
vi c 4 dung dch trn l
A.NH3. B. KOH. C. NaNO3. D. BaCl2.
7.10a Cu 17: C cc pht biu sau: (1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
(2) Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5. (3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi
kh clo. (4) Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cc pht biu ng l:
A.(1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
8.10a Cu 26: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110 ml dung
dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M
vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.17,71. B. 16,10. C. 32,20. D. 24,15.
9.10a Cu 31: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 6.
10.10a Cu 47: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch
AgNO3 l:
A.MgO, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni, Sn. C. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg.
11.10a Cu 49: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl
ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
12.10a Cu 55: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung
dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d)
to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A.2,016 lt. B. 1,008 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
13.10a Cu 60: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c
cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A.85,88%. B. 14,12%. C. 87,63%. D. 12,37%.
14.09aCu 1: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui ca chng l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
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15.09a Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH
2M vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng
thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,125. B. 22,540. C. 12,375. D. 17,710.
16.09a Cu 17: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A.4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
17.09a Cu 26: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c
c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l
A.7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
18.09a Cu 41: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2,
Cr(NO3)3, K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A.4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
19.09a Cu 47: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1
mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi.
Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A.1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0.
20.09a Cu 51: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn
(c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A.95,00%. B. 25,31%. C. 74,69%. D. 64,68%.
21.08a Cu 7: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon
ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl
2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A.57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
22.08a Cu 36: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng
c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho:
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A.Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag.
23.08a Cu 39: Cho Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha
hc), thy thot ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A.amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
24.08a Cu 41: Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v
H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.0,746. B. 0,448. C. 1,792. D. 0,672.
25.08a Cu 50: Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi
Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
26.08a Cu 51: oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH,
lng ti thiu Cl2 v KOH tng ng l
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A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol. B. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol
. C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol. D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol.
27.07a Cu 41: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit
cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO
.C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
28.07a Cu 52: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
B. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
C. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
29.Cd11 Cu 2: Cho 3,16 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c (d), sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton th s mol HCl b oxi ha l
A.0,10. B. 0,05. C. 0,02. D. 0,16.
30.Cd11Cu 35: C 4 ng nghim c nh s theo th t 1, 2, 3, 4. Mi ng nghim cha mt
trong cc dung dch AgNO3, ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3. Bit rng: - Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 3
tc dng c vi nhau sinh ra cht kh; - Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 4 khng phn ng
c vi nhau. Dung dch trong cc ng nghim 1, 2, 3, 4 ln lt l:
A. ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3, AgNO3. B. ZnCl2, Na2CO3, HI, AgNO3. C. AgNO3, HI,
Na2CO3, ZnCl2. D. AgNO3, Na2CO3, HI, ZnCl2.
31.Cd11Cu 36: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A.FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K2O, SnO.
C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.
32.Cd11Cu 43: H tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m + 31,95) gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ho tan hon
ton 2m gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,5 lt
dung dch CrCl3 1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A.54,0 gam. B. 20,6 gam. C. 30,9 gam. D. 51,5 gam. o
33.Cd11Cu 55: Ho tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung
dch X v 0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
A.18,90 gam. B. 37,80 gam. C. 28,35 gam. D. 39,80 gam.
34.Cd11Cu 59: Dn mu kh thi ca mt nh my qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thy xut hin
kt ta mu en. Hin tng chng t trong kh thi nh my c kh no sau y?
A.NH3. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. H2S.
35.Cd11Cu 60: Khi cho lng d dung dch KOH vo ng nghim ng dung dch kali icromat,
dung dch trong ng nghim
A. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng. B. chuyn t mu vng sang mu .
C. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh lc. D. chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
36.10cd Cu 48: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H2
nhit cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit long thnh H2. Kim
loi M l
A.Cu. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Al.
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37.Cu 52: Cho m gam bt crom phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V lt kh
H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cng m gam bt crom trn phn ng hon ton vi kh O2 (d), thu c
15,2 gam oxit duy nht. Gi tr ca V l
A.2,24. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 6,72.
38.09cd Cu 35: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc
dng c vi dung dch AgNO3?
A.Fe, Ni, Sn. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Zn, Cu, Mg. D. Hg, Na, Ca.
39.09cd Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Zn vo mt dung dch axit X. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch NaOH (d) vo Y, un nng thu c kh khng
mu T. Axit X l
A.H2SO4 c. B. HNO3. C. H3PO4. D. H2SO4 long
40.09cd Cu 47: iu ch c 78 gam Cr t Cr2O3 (d) bng phng php nhit nhm vi
hiu sut ca phn ng l 90% th khi lng bt nhm cn dng ti thiu l
A.81,0 gam. B. 54,0 gam. C. 40,5 gam. D. 45,0 gam.
41.CD08Cu 29: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch
HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim loi M l
A.Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.
42.CD08Cu 52: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha
hc sau:
X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2; Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X. Pht biu ng l:
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+. B. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y. D. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh
hn ion X2 +
43.Cd07Cu 1: Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
20% thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l (Cho H = 1; O = 16;
Mg = 24; S = 32; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65)
A.Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
44.Cd07Cu 6: Khi cho 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch
c cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l (Cho H
= 1; O = 16; Cl = 35,5; K = 39)
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
45.Cd07Cu 23: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
A.Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
46.Cd07Cu 33: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung
dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y.
Kim loi M c th l
A.Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Fe.
47.11b Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (a) Nung NH4NO3 rn. (b) un nng NaCl tinh th
vi dung dch H2SO4 (c). (c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 (d). (e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung
dch NaHCO3. (h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4
(d), un nng. S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l
A.4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 2.
48.11b Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:
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(a) Sn + HCl (long) ; (b) FeS + H2SO4 (long) ; (c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
t
o

(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
t
o
; (e) Al + H2SO4 (long) ; (g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 6.
49.11b Cu 22: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30
ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,5M v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a
mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn
hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l
A.2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
50.11b Cu 30: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X): (a) Cho X
vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O3 ( iu kin thng). ; (b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung
dch HNO3 (c). ; (c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O2). (d) Cho X
vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl3.
Th nghim m Cu b oxi ho cn Ag khng b oxi ho l
A.(d). B. (a). C. (b). D. (c).
51.11b Cu 33: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm
CO, CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn
Y. Ho tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l
A.57,15%. B. 14,28%. C. 28,57%. D. 18,42%.
52.11b Cu 42: Nhit phn mt lng AgNO3 c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y
vo mt lng d H2O, thu c dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot
ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca
X phn ng l
A.70%. B. 25%. C. 60%. D. 75%.
53.11b Cu 45: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3,
K2SO4. C bao nhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH?
A.3. ` B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
54.11b Cu 49: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
B. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh
nga.
D. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
55.11b Cu 52: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nhit phn AgNO3. (b) Nung FeS2 trong khng kh. (c) Nhit phn KNO3. (d) Cho
dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch NH3 (d).
(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4. (g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl3 (d). (h) Nung Ag2S
trong khng kh. (i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4 (d). S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
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56.10b Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch:
FeCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh
l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
57.10b Cu 30: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung
dch mt thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A.1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2..
58.10b Cu 49: Hn hp bt X gm Cu, Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c
40,3 gam hn hp gm CuO v ZnO. Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi mt lng d
dung dch KOH long nng, th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong
X l
A.19,81%. B. 29,72%. C. 39,63%. D. 59,44%.
59.10b Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung dch
HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng.
60.09b Cu 26: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH. (II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2. (III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn. (IV) Cho Cu(OH)2
vo dung dch NaNO3. (V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3. ; (VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)2. Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.
61.09b Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
Cr(OH)
3 X
Y Z
T
+KOH +(Cl
2
+KOH) +H
2
SO
4 +(FeSO
4
+H
2
SO
4
)
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
B. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4.
D. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
62.09b Cu 55: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng
v s mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,06 v 0,01. C. 0,03 v 0,01. D. 0,06 v 0,02.
63.07b Cu 23: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
64.07b Cu 40: Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch
HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. ; 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3
1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l (cho Cu = 64)
A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
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65.07b Cu 54: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl
(d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (cho O = 16, Al = 27, Cr = 52)
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.


CHUYN 3 PHI KIM
Phn 1-TM TT L THUYT
A-CACBON - SILIC
I. CACBON
1. V tr - Cu hnh electron nguyn t
a. V tr
- Cacbon th 6, chu k 2, nhm IVA ca bng tun hon
b. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
. C c 4 electron lp ngoi cng
- Cc s oxi ha ca C l: -4, 0, +2, +4
2. Tnh cht vt l
- C c ba dng th hnh chnh: Kim cng, than ch v fuleren
3. Tnh cht ha hc
- Trong cc dng tn ti ca C, C v nh hnh hot ng hn c v mt ha hc.
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc C th hin hai tnh cht: Tnh oxi ha v tnh kh. Tuy nhin tnh
kh vn l ch yu ca C.
a. Tnh kh
* Tc dng vi oxi

0
0 +4
t
2 2
C + O CO . nhit cao C li kh CO
2
theo phn ng

0
0 +4 +2
t
2
C + CO 2CO
* Tc dng vi hp cht

0
0 +4
t
3 2 2 2
C + 4HNO CO + 4NO +2H O
b. Tnh oxi ha
* Tc dng vi hidro

0
0 -4
t , xt
2 4
C+2H CH
* Tc dng vi kim loi

0
0 -4
t
4 3
3C+4Al Al C (nhm cacbua)
II. CACBON MONOXIT
1. Tnh cht ha hc
- Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca CO l tnh kh
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0
+2 +4
t
2 2
2CO+O 2CO

0
+2 +4
t
2 3 2
3CO+Fe O 3CO +2Fe
2. iu ch
a. Trong phng th nghim
HCOOH
0
2 4
H SO (c), t
CO + H
2
O
b. Trong cng nghip: Kh CO c iu ch theo hai phng php
* Kh than t
C + H
2
O
0
1050 C

CO + H
2

* Kh l gas
C + O
2

0
t
CO
2

CO
2
+ C
0
t
2CO

III. CACBON IOXIT
1. Tnh cht
a. Tnh cht vt l
- L cht kh khng mu, nng gp 1,5 ln khng kh.
- CO
2
(rn) l mt khi mu trng, gi l nc kh. Nc kh khng nng chy m thng
hoa, c dng to mi trng lnh khng c hi m.
b. Tnh cht ha hc
- Kh CO
2
khng chy, khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht.
- CO
2
l oxit axit, khi tan trong nc cho axit cacbonic
CO
2
(k) + H
2
O (l)

H
2
CO
3
(dd)
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
Ty vo t l phn ng m c th cho ra cc sn phm mui khc nhau.
2. iu ch
a. Trong phng th nghim
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
b. Trong cng nghip
- Kh CO
2
c thu hi t qu trnh t chy hon ton than.
IV. AXIT CACBONIC - MUI CACBONAT
1. Axit cacbonic
- L axit km bn, ch tn ti trong dung dch long, d b phn hy thnh CO
2
v H
2
O.
- L axit hai nc, trong dung dch phn li hai nc.

+ -
2 3 3
H CO H + HCO


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- + 2-
3 3
HCO H +CO


2. Mui cacbonat
- Mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi kim, amoni v a s mui hirocacbonat u tan. Mui
cacbonat ca kim loi khc th khng tan.
- Tc dng vi dd axit
NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O

-
3
HCO + H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O

2-
3
CO + 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
- Tc dng vi dd kim
NaHCO
3
+ NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O

-
3
HCO + OH
-

2-
3
CO + H
2
O
- Phn ng nhit phn
MgCO
3
(r)
0
t
MgO(r) + CO
2
(k)
2NaHCO
3
(r)
0
t
Na
2
CO
3
(r) + CO
2
(k) + H
2
O(k)
V. SILIC
1. Tnh cht vt l
- Silic c hai dng th hnh: silic tinh th v silic v nh hnh.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
- Silic c cc s oxi ha: -4, 0, +2 v +4 (s oxi ha +2 t c trng hn).
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc, silic va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh.
a. Tnh kh

0 +4
2 4
Si+2F Si F

0
0 +4
t
2 2
Si+O Si O

0 +4
2 2 3 2
Si+2NaOH+H O Na Si O +2H |
b. Tnh oxi ha

0
0 -4
t
2
2Mg+Si Mg Si
3. iu ch
- Kh SiO
2
nhit cao
SiO
2
+ 2Mg
0
t
Si + MgO
VI. HP CHT CA SILIC
1. Silic ioxit
- SiO
2
l cht dng tinh th.
- Tan chm trong dung dch kim c nng, tan d trong kim nng chy.
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SiO
2
+ 2NaOH
0
t
Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
O
- Tan c trong axit HF
SiO
2
+ 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
- Da vo tnh cht ny, ngi ta dng dung dch HF khc ch ln thy tinh.
2. Axit silixic
- H
2
SiO
3
l cht dng keo, khng tan trong nc. Khi mt mt phn nc to thnh vt liu xp
l silicagen. Dng ht hi m trong cc thng ng hng ha.
- Axit silixic l axit yu, yu hn c axit cacbinic nn b axit ny y ra khi dung dch mui.
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
SiO
3

3. Mui silicat
- Dung dch m c ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
c gi l thy tinh lng.
- Vi tm thy tinh lng s kh chy, ngoi ra thy tinh lng cn c dng ch to keo dn
thy tinh v s.

B. NIT - PHOTPHO
I. NIT
1. V tr - cu hnh electron nguyn t
- V t: Nit th 7, chu k 2, nhm VA ca bng tun hon.
- Cu hnh electron: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
.
- Cng thc cu to ca phn t: NN.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
- nhit thng, nit tr v mt ha hc, nhng nhit cao nit tr nn hot ng.
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc nit va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh. Tuy nhin tnh
oxi ha vn l ch yu.
a. Tnh oxi ha (tc dng vi kim loi, H
2
,)

0
0 -3
t
2 3 2
3Mg+N Mg N (magie nitrua)

0 0 -3
t ,p
2 2 3
xt
N +3H 2NH


b. Tnh kh

0 0 +2
t
2 2
N + O 2NO


Kh NO sinh ra kt hp ngay vi O
2
khng kh to ra NO
2


+2 +4
2 2
2NO + O 2NO
2. iu ch
a. Trong cng nghip
- Nit c iu ch bng cch chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
b. Trong phng th nghim
- un nng nh dung dch bo ha mui amoni nitrit
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NH
4
NO
3

0
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Hoc NH
4
Cl + NaNO
2

0
t
N
2
+ NaCl + 2H
2
O
II. AMONIAC - MUI AMONI
1. Amoniac
a. Cu to phn t - Tnh cht vt l
- Cu to phn t




- Tnh cht vt l: NH
3
l mt cht kh, tan nhiu trong nc cho mi trng kim yu.
b. Tnh cht ha hc
* Tnh baz yu
- Tc dng vi nc
+ -
3 2 4
NH + H O NH + OH


Trong dung dch amoniac l baz yu. C th lm qu tm ha xanh. Dng nhn bit NH
3
.
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui
AlCl
3
+ 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
- Tc dng vi axit
NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl (khi trng)
* Tnh kh
0
-3 0
t
3 2 2 2
4NH +3O 2N +6H O
0
-3 0
t
3 2 2
2NH + 3Cl N + 6HCl
ng thi NH
3
kt hp ngay vi HCl to thnh khi trng.
c. iu ch
* Trong phng th nghim
2NH
4
Cl + Ca(OH)
2

0
t
CaCl
2
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
* Trong cng nghip

0
t ,xt,p
2 2 3
N (k) + 3H (k) 2NH (k)

H<0
- Cc iu kin p dng sn xut amoniac trong cng nghip l
+ Nhit : 450 - 500
0
C
+ p sut cao: 200 - 300atm
+ Cht xc tc: st kim loi trn thm Al
2
O
3
, K
2
O
2. Mui amoni
a. nh ngha - Tnh cht vt l
- L cht tinh th ion, gm cation amoni
+
4
NH v anion gc axit
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- Tt c u tan trong nc v in li hon ton thnh ion.
b. Tnh cht ha hc
* Tc dng vi dung dch kim
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH
0
t
2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O + Na
2
SO
4

NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
+ H
2
O
- Phn ng ny nhn bit ion amoni v iu ch amoniac.
* Phn ng nhit phn
NH
4
Cl
0
t
NH
3
(k) + HCl (k)
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3

0
t
NH
3
(k) + NH
4
HCO
3
(r)

NH
4
HCO
3

0
t
NH
3
(k) + CO
2
(k) + H
2
O (k)
NH
4
NO
2

0
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
NH
4
NO
3

0
t
N
2
O + 2H
2
O
III. AXIT NITRIC
1. Cu to phn t - Tnh cht vt l
a. Cu to phn t



- Trong hp cht HNO
3
, nguyn t nit c s oxi ho cao nht l +5.
b. Tnh cht vt l
- Axit nitric tinh khit l cht lng khng mu, bc khi mnh trong khng kh m. Axit nitric
khng bn lm: khi un nng b phn hu mt phn theo phng trnh:
4HNO
3
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Axit nitric tan trong nc theo bt k t l no. Trn thc t thng dng loi axit c c nng
68%, D = 1,40 g/cm
3
.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Tnh axit
- Axit nitric l mt axit mnh. C y tnh cht ca mt axit.
CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HNO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O
CaCO
3
+ 2HNO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
b. Tnh oxi ho
- Axit nitric l mt trong nhng axit c tnh oxi ho mnh. Tu thuc vo nng ca axit v bn
cht ca cht kh m HNO
3
c th b kh n mt s sn phm khc nhau ca nit.
* Vi kim loi
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- Khi tc dng vi kim loi c tnh kh yu nh Cu, Pb, Ag,... HNO
3
c b kh n NO
2
, cn
HNO
3
long b kh n NO. Th d:

0 +5 +2 +4
3 3 2 2 2
Cu+4HNO (c) Cu(NO ) +2NO +2H O

0 +5 +2 +2
3 3 2 2
3Cu+8HNO (long) 3Cu(NO ) +2NO+4H O
- Khi tc dng vi nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Mg, Zn, Al,... HNO
3
long c th b kh
n
+1
2
N O,
o
2
N hoc
-3
4 3
NH NO .
- Fe, Al b th ng ho trong dung dch HNO
3
c, ngui.
* Vi phi kim

+ + +
+ + +
0 5 6 4
3 2 4 2 2
S 6HNO (c) H SO 6NO 2H O
* Vi hp cht
+ + +

2 5 6 4
2 3 2 4 2 2
H S + 6HNO (c) H S O + 6 NO + 3H O
3. iu ch
a. Trong phng th nghim
NaNO
3
(r) + H
2
SO
4
(c) HNO
3
+ NaHSO
4

b. Trong cng nghip
- HNO
3
c sn xut t amoniac. Qu trnh sn xut gm ba giai on :
+ Giai on 1: Oxi ha NH
3
bng oxi khng kh to thnh NO
4NH
3
+ 5O
2
4NO + 6H
2
O
+ Giai on 2: Oxi ho NO thnh NO
2
.
2NO + O
2
2NO
2

+ Giai on 3: Chuyn ho NO
2
thnh HNO
3
.
4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
4HNO
3
.
IV. MUI NITRAT
- Mui nitrat l mui ca axit nitric. Th d, natri nitrat (NaNO
3
), ng (II) nitrat (Cu(NO
3
)
2
),...
1. Tnh cht vt l
- Tt c cc mui nitrat u tan nhiu trong nc v l cht in li mnh.

+ -
3 3
NaNO Na + NO

2. Tnh cht ho hc
TH
1
: TH
2
TH
3

K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Co Ni Sn Pb H
2
Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
Mui nitrit + O
2
Oxi + NO
2
+ O
2
Kim loi + NO
2
+ O
2


Th d : 2KNO
3

o
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2

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2Cu(NO
3
)
2

o
t
2CuO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

2AgNO
3

o
t
2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2

3. Nhn bit ion nitrat
- nhn ra ion

3
NO , ngi ta un nng nh dung dch cha

3
NO vi Cu v H
2
SO
4
long:
3Cu + 8H
+
+

3
2NO 3Cu
2+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O
(xanh) (khng mu)
2NO + O
2

2
NO (nu )
Phn ng to dung dch mu xanh v kh mu nu thot ra.
V. PHOTPHO
1. V tr - Cu hnh electron nguyn t
a. V tr: th 15, nhm VA, chu k 3 trong bng tun hon.
b. Cu hnh electron: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
.
2. Tnh cht vt l
- Photpho c hai dng th hnh: Photpho trng v photpho . Ty vo iu kin m P(t) c th
chuyn thnh P () v ngc li.
- P (t) km bn hn photpho . Do vy bo qun P (t) ngi ta ngm vo nc.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
- Trong cc hp cht, photpho c cc s oxi ha -3, +3, +5.
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc photpho th hin tnh oxi ha hoc tnh kh.
a. Tnh oxi ha

0
0 -3
t
3 2
2P + 3Ca Ca P (canxi photphua)
b. Tnh kh
* Tc dng vi oxi
- Thiu oxi:
0
0 +3
t
2 2 3
4P + 3O 2P O
- D oxi:
0
0 +5
t
2 2 5
4P+5O 2P O
* Tc dng vi Clo
- Thiu clo:
0
0 +3
t
2 3
2P+3Cl 2PCl
- D clo:
0
0 +5
t
2 5
2P+5Cl 2PCl
4. Trng thi t nhin
- Trong t nhin photpho khng tn ti di dng t do. Hai khong vt quan trng ca photpho l:
photphorit Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
v apatit 3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.CaF
2
.
VI. AXIT PHOTPHORIC - MUI PHOTPHAT
1. Axit photphoric
a. Tnh cht ha hc
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- L mt axit ba nc, c mnh trung bnh. C y tnh cht ha hc ca mt axit.

+ -
3 4 2 4
H PO H +H PO



- + 2-
2 4 4
H PO H +HPO



2- + 3-
4 4
HPO H +PO


- Khi tc dng vi dung dch kim, ty theo lng cht m to ra cc mui khc nhau.
H
3
PO
4
+ NaOH NaH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O
H
3
PO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
HPO
4
+ 2H
2
O
H
3
PO
4
+ 3NaOH Na
3
PO
4
+ 3H
2
O
b. iu ch
* Trong phng th nghim
P + 5HNO
3
H
3
PO
4
+ 5NO
2
+ H
2
O
* Trong cng nghip
- Cho axit sunfuric c tc dng vi qung apatit hoc photphoric
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2
SO
4
(c)
0
t
2H
3
PO
4
+ 3CaSO
4

- sn xut axit photphoric vi tinh khit v nng cao hn ngi ta iu ch t P
4P + 5O
2

0
t
2P
2
O
5

P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4

2. Mui photphat
a. nh ngha
- Mui photphat l mui ca axit photphoric.
- Mui photphat c chia thnh 3 loi
Mui ihirophotphat : NaH
2
PO
4
, NH
4
H
2
PO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

Mui hirophotphat : Na
2
HPO
4
, (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
, CaHPO
4

Mui photphat : Na
3
PO
4
, (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
, Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2

b. Nhn bit ion photphat
- Thuc th: dung dch AgNO
3

- Hin tng: Xut hin kt ta mu vng

+ 3-
4 3 4
3Ag + PO Ag PO +(mu vng)
VII. PHN BN HA HC
- Phn bn ha hc l nhng ha cht c cha cc nguyn t dinh dng, c bn cho cy nhm
nng cao nng sut ma mng.
1. Phn m
- Phn m cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat
3
NO

v ion amoni
4
NH
+
.
- dinh dng ca phn m c nh gi theo t l % v khi lng nguyn t nit.
a. Phn m amoni
- l cc mui amoni: NH
4
Cl, NH
4
NO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4

- c iu ch bng cch cho NH
3
tc dng vi axit tng ng.
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2NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4

b. Phn m nitrat
- l cc mui nitrat: NaNO
3
, Ca(NO
3
)
2

- c iu ch bng phn ng gia axit HNO
3
v mui cacbonat tng ng.
CaCO
3
+ 2HNO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
c. Phn m ur
- (NH
2
)
2
CO (cha khong 46%N) l loi phn m tt nht hin nay.
- c iu ch bng cch cho NH
3
tc dng vi CO nhit v p sut cao.
2NH
3
+ CO
0
t , p
(NH
2
)
2
CO + H
2
O
- Trong t ur dn chuyn thnh mui cacbonat
(NH
2
)
2
CO + 2H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
2. Phn ln
- Phn ln cung cp nguyn t P cho cy di dng ion photphat (
3-
4
PO ).
- dinh dng ca phn ln c nh gi theo t l % khi lng P
2
O
5
tng ng vi lng P
c trong thnh phn ca n.
a. Supephotphat
- C hai loi: supephotphat n v supephotphat kp.
* Supephotphat n: Gm hai mui: Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
v CaSO
4
. c iu ch bng cch cho qung
photphorit hoc apatit tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
c.
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 2H
2
SO
4
(c) Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ CaSO
4

* Supephotphat kp: l mui Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. c iu ch qua hai giai on
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2
SO
4
2H
3
PO
4
+ 3CaSO
4

Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ H
3
PO
4
3Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

3. Phn kali
- Phn kali cung cp nguyn t K di dng ion K
+
.
- dinh dng ca phn K c nh gi theo t l % khi lng K
2
O tng ng vi lng K c
trong thnh phn ca n.
4. Phn hn hp - Phn phc hp
a. Phn hn hp: cha N, P, K c gi chung l phn NPK.
- Th d: (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v KNO
3
.
b. Phn phc hp: Th d: Phn amophot l hn hp cc mui NH
4
H
2
PO
4
v (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
.
5. Phn vi lng:
- Phn vi lng cung cp cho cy cc nguyn t nh bo, km, mangan, ng dng hp cht.
C-NHM HALOGEN
1. Tnh cht ha hc ca n cht
Cc phn
ng
Flo (F
2
) Clo (Cl
2
) Brom (Br
2
) Iot (I
2
)
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Vi kim
loi
Tc dng vi tt c kim
loi k c Au, Pt. Phn
ng ta nhit mnh nht.
Tc dng vi hu ht
kim loi. Phn ng ta
nhiu nhit
Tc dng vi hu
ht kim loi.
Phn ng ta
nhit t hn clo
Tc dng vi
nhiu kim loi
nhit cao
hoc cn xc
tc
2 Na + X
2
2 NaX
Vi H
2

Phn ng n mnh ngay
-252
o
C, trong bng ti
Phn ng n khi chiu
sng hoc un nng (t
l 1:1)
Phn ng xy ra
nhit cao,
khng n
Phn ng ch
xy ra nhit
cao, thun
nghch
H
2
+ X
2
2HX H
2
+ I
2
2 HI
Vi H
2
O
Hi nc nng chy c
trong flo
2F
2
+2H
2
O4HF+O
2

X
2
+ H
2
O HX + HXO
Phn ng kh dn t Cl
2
n I
2

Vi dd
kim
2F
2
+ NaOH (dd20%)
2NaF +H
2
O + OF
2

p nhit thp
Cl
2
+2KOHKCl +
KClO + H
2
O
3Cl
2
+6KOH
o
70 C

5KCl+KClO
3
+3H
2
O
3X
2
+ 6KOH 5KX + KXO
3
+
3H
2
O
Vi mui
halogen
F
2
kh kh c Cl
-
, Br
-
,
I
-
trong mui nng chy:
F
2
+2NaCl 2NaF+Cl
2

Kh c Br
-
, I
-
trong
dung dch mui
Cl
2
+ 2NaBr
2NaCl+Br
2

Kh c I
-

trong dung dch
iotua:
Br
2
+2NaI
2NaBr+I
2

Khng phn
ng
P m X
2

ch th
hin tnh
kh
Khng c
Br
2
+5Cl
2
+
6H
2
O
2HBrO
3
+
10HCl
I
2
+ 2HClO
3

2HIO
3
+ Cl
2

Nhn xt
F
2
> Cl
2
> Br
2
> I
2

Tnh oxi ha gim dn (tnh kh tng dn)

2. iu ch trong phng th nghim v sn xut trong cng nghip
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Cc phn
ng
Flo (F
2
) Clo (Cl
2
) Brom (Br
2
) Iot (I
2
)
Trong PTN khng iu ch
Cho dung dch HX c t/d vi cht oxi ha (MnO
2
, KClO
3
,
KMnO
4
)
MnO
2
+ 4HX MnX
2
+ X
2
+ 2H
2
O
Trong CN
in phn hh
lng gm KF v
HF
2HF H
2
+ F
2

in phn dd
NaCl c mng
ngn
2NaCl + 2H
2
O
H
2
+ Cl
2
+
2NaOH
Sau phi nc
bin ly NaCl, cn
NaBr
Cl
2
+ 2NaBr

2NaCl+Br
2

Rong bin kh em t
to tro + H
2
O dd NaI
Cl
2
+2NaI 2NaCl+I
2


3. Cc halogenua v axit halogebhiric (HX)
Tnh cht HF HCl HBr HI
Tnh axit ca dd
HX
Yu Mnh Mnh hn HCl Mnh hn HBr
T/d vi dd
AgNO
3
Khng AgCl + trng AgBr + vng nht AgI + vng
T/d vi SiO
2

SiO
2
+ 4HF
SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
Khng phn ng
T/d vi O
2
Khng phn ng
P th kh c xt
4HCl+O
2
2H
2
O+Cl
2

Dd HX t/d vi O2 ca khng kh:
4HX + O
2
2H
2
O + 2X
2

T/d vi H2SO4
c
Khng phn ng
2HBr + H
2
SO
4


Br
2
+ SO
2
+
2H
2
O
8HI + H
2
SO
4


4I
2
+ H
2
S +
4H
2
O
Nhn xt
HF HCl HBr HI
Tnh axit tng dn, tnh kh tng dn
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iu ch v sn
xut
CaF2 + H2SO4
CaSO4 +
2HF
* NaCl(r)+ H
2
SO
4
(c)
NaHSO
4
+2HCl(k)
* H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
* RH +Cl
2
RClHCl
PX
3
+ 3H
2
OH
3
PO
3
+ 3HX
Thc t:
3X
2
+ 2P + 6H
2
O 2H
3
PO
3
+
6HX

4. Hp cht c oxi ca halogen
a) Trong cc hp cht vi oxi, flo c Soh m, cc halogen khc c Soh dng (+1,+3,+5,+7)
b) Cc axit c oxi ca clo:
HClO(+1) HClO
2
(+3) HClO
3
(+5) HClO
4
(+7)
bn v tnh axit tng dn, kh nng oxi ha gim dn
c) Hp cht c oxi ca halogen quan trng nht:
* Nc Gia-ven: NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
C tnh oxi ha mnh: dng ty trng si, vi, giy, st trng
* Clorua vi: CaOCl
2
hay Cl Ca O Cl
C tnh oxi ha mnh: dng ty trng, x l cht c, tinh ch du m
* Kali clorat: KClO
3

C tnh oxi ha mnh: dng lm thuc pho, thuc n, thuc u que dim, dng
iu ch oxi trong PTN
D-NHM OXI LU HUNH
I. OXI
1. n cht oxi
- CTPT: O = O
- L phi kim in hnh, c tnh oxi ha mnh
+ T/d hu ht cc kim loi( tr Au, Pt)
+ T/d vi H
2
: O
2
+ 2H
2
2H
2
O
+ T/d vi mt s phi kim: O
2
+ S SO
2

+ T/d vi mt s hp cht: 2O
2
+ CH
4
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Vai tr sinh hc ca O2: Quyt nh i sng ng thc vt
- iu ch:
+ Trong PTN: 2KMnO
4

o
t C
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2

2KClO
3

o
t C
2KCl + 3O
2

+ Trong CN: - Chng ct phn on khng kh lng
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- in phn nc c mt cht in li
+ Trong t nhin: S quang hp ca cy xanh
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
A S M T
chatdiepluc
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2

2. Ozon
- L cht kh mu xanh nht, mi tanh to thnh t kh quyn: 3O
2

UV
2O
3

- C tnh oxi ha mnh hn O
2

O
3
+ 2Ag Ag
2
O + O
2

O
3
+ 2KI + H
2
O I
2
+ 2KOH + O
2

3. Hiro peoxit (H
2
O
2
)
- L cht lng khng mu, tan v hn trong nc, khng bn, d phn hy
2H
2
O
2

2
MnO
2H
2
O + O
2

- H
2
O
2
va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha:
+ Tnh kh: 5H
2
O
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 5O
2
+ 8H
2
O
+ Tnh oxi ha: H
2
O
2
+ 2KI + H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ I
2
+ 2H
2
O
II. LU HUNH
1. n cht (S)
- C 2 dng th hnh: n t (S

), t phng (S

)
- C tnh phi kim trung bnh: va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha
+ Kh: t/d vi phi kim: S + O
2
SO
2

S + 3F
2
SF
6

+ Oxi ha: t/d vi KL, H2: Hg + S HgS Fe + S
o
t C
FeS
H
2
+ S
o
t C
H
2
S
2. Hiro sunfua v axit sunfuhidric (H
2
S)
- Kh khng mu, mi trng thi, rt c, tan t to thnh dung dch axit yu
- H
2
S l mt axit yu:
+ T/d vi baz: H
2
S + NaOH NaHS + H
2
O
H
2
S + 2NaOH Na
2
S + 2H
2
O
+ T/d vi dd mui: H
2
S + CuCl
2
CuS + 2HCl
- H
2
S c tnh kh mnh:
H
2
S +
1
2
O
2
S + H
2
O ( thiu oxi hoc nhit thng)
H
2
S +
3
2
O
2
SO
2
+ H
2
O (d oxi hoc khi un nng)
H
2
S + 4Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 8HCl
3. Lu hunh ioxit (SO
2
)
- Kh khng mu, mi hc, c, l 1 oxit axit
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SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
3

- SO2 v H2SO3 tc dng vi baz v oxit baz
SO
2
+ NaOH NaHSO
3

SO
2
+ 2 NaOH Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O
- Va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha:
+ Tnh kh: SO
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ HCl
+ Tnh oxi ha: SO
2
+ H
2
S S + H
2
O
4. Lu hunh trioxit (SO
3
)
- L cht lng khng mu, tan v hn trong nc v trong dung dch H
2
SO
4

- L 1 oxit axit, tc dng vi baz to thnh mui
5. Axit sunfuric (H
2
SO
4
)
L cht lng snh, khng mu, khng bay hi, rt ho nc, tan v hn trong nc
a) H
2
SO
4
long mang y tnh cht ca mt axit thng thng
- Lm qu tm chuyn thnh
- Tc dng vi kim loi hot ng gii phng H
2

- Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz Mui + nc
- Tc dng vi dungdch mui Mui mi v axit mi
b) H
2
SO
4
c c mt s tnh cht c trng
- Tnh oxi ha mnh: Tc dng hu ht cc kim loi (Tr Au, Pt) v nhiu phi kim SO
2
, S,
H
2
S
2H
2
SO
4
+ Cu
o
t
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2H
2
SO
4
+ C
o
t
CO
2
+ 2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Tnh ho nc: Chim nc ca nhiu mui kt tinh, ph hy nhiu hp cht hu c cha O, H
CuSO
4
.5H
2
O
2 4
H SO d
CuSO
4
+ 5H
2
O
C
6
H
12
O
6

2 4
H SO d
6C + 6H
2
O
c) Sn xut H
2
SO
4
: Bng phng php tip xc gm 3 giai on
- Sn xut SO
2
: S + O
2
SO
2

4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2

- Sn xut SO
3
: 2SO
2
+ O
2

o
2 5
450 C
V O


2SO
3

- Sn xut H
2
SO
4
: nSO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(98%) H
2
SO
4
.nSO
3
(leum)
H
2
SO
4
.nSO
3
+ nH
2
O (n+1) H
2
SO
4

d) Ch
- H
2
SO
4
long: ion H+ ng vai tr cht oxi ha gii phng H
2
. Kim loi t Soh thp
- H
2
SO
4
c: *
6
S
+
ng vai tr cht oxi ha nn khng gii phng H
2
. Kim loi t Soh cao
* Sau phn ng to SO
2
, S, H
2
S. Kim loi cng mnh, S c Soh cng thp
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* Kim loi sau H, ch to ra SO
2


Phn 2-BI TP VN DNG

Cu 1: Cc nguyn t halogen c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l
A. ns
2
. B. ns
2
np
3
. C. ns
2
np
4
. D. ns
2
np
5
.
Cu 2 : Cu no sau y khng chnh xc.
A. Halogen l nhng cht oxi ho mnh.
B. Kh nng oxi ho ca cc Halogen gim t Flo n Iot.
C. Trong cc hp cht, cc halogen u c th c s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5, +7.
D. Cc halogen c nhiu im ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc.
Cu 3 : Chn cu ng
A. Cc ion F
-
, Cl
-
, Br
-
, I
-
u to kt ta vi Ag
+
.
B. Cc ion Cl
-
, Br
-
, I
-
u cho kt ta mu trng vi Ag
+
.
C. C th nhn bit ion F
-
, Cl
-
, Br
-
, I
-
ch bng dung dch AgNO
3
.
D. Trong cc ion halogenua, ch c ion Cl
-
mi to kt ta vi Ag
+
.
Cu 4:a. Dy no c xp ng th t tnh axit v tnh kh gim dn
A. HCl, HBr, HI, HF. B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF.
C. HCl, HI, HBr, HF. D. HF, HCl, HBr, HI.
b. Dy no c xp ng th t tnh axit gim dn v tnh oxi ho tng dn
A. HClO, HClO
3
, HClO
2
, HClO
4
. B. HClO
4
, HClO
3
, HClO
2
, HClO.
C. HClO, HClO
2
,HClO
3
, HClO
4
. D. HClO
4
, HClO
2
,HClO
3
, HClO.
Cu 5: Chn pht biu sai
A. Axit clohiric va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho.
B. Dung dch axit clohidric c tnh axit mnh.
C. Cu ha tan trong dung dch axit clohidric khi c mt O
2
.
D. Fe ha tan trong dung dch axit clohiric to mui FeCl
3
.
Cu 6: S xi ho ca Clo trong cc cht: NaCl, NaClO, KClO
3
, Cl
2
, KClO
4
ln lt l :
A . -1, +1, +3, 0, +7. B. -1, +1, +5, 0, +7. C . -1, +3, +5, 0, +7. D. +1, -1, +5, 0, +3.
Cu 7: Sc Cl
2
vo nc, thu c nc clo mu vng nht. Trong nc clo c cha cc cht
A.Cl
2
, H
2
O. B. HCl,HClO. C. HCl, HClO, H
2
O. D. Cl
2
, HCl, HClO, H
2
O.
Cu 8: Ho tan kh Cl
2
vo dung dch KOH c,nng, d, dung dch thu c c cc cht thuc
dy no di y?
A.KCl, KClO
3
, Cl
2
. B. KCl, KClO
3
, KOH, H
2
O.
C. KCl, KClO, KOH, H
2
O. D. KCl, KClO
3
.
Cu 9: Ho tan kh Cl
2
vo dung dch KOH long, ngui, d, dung dch thu c c cc cht thuc
dy no di y?
A. KCl, KClO
3
, Cl
2
. B. KCl, KClO
3
, KOH, H
2
O.
C. KCl, KClO, KOH, H
2
O. D. KCl, KClO
3
.
Cu 11: Clorua vi, nc Gia-ven (Javel) v nc clo th hin tnh oxi ha l do
A. cha ion ClO
-
, gc ca axit c tnh oxi ha mnh.
B. cha ion Cl
-
, gc ca axit clohidric in li mnh.
C. u l sn phm ca cht oxi ha mnh Cl
2
vi kim.
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D. trong phn t u cha cation ca kim loi mnh.
Cu 12: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p,n,e) l 115, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 25. Nguyn t X l
A. Na. B. F. C. Br. D. Cl.
Cu 13: Clo tc dng c vi tt c cc cht no sau y:
A. H
2
, Cu, H
2
O, I
2
. B. H
2
, Na, O
2
, Cu C. H
2
, H
2
O, NaBr, Na. D. H
2
O, Fe, N
2
, Al.
Cu 14: Hn hp kh no c th cng tn ti?
A. Kh H
2
S v kh Cl
2
. B. Kh HI v kh Cl
2
. C. Kh O
2
v kh Cl
2
. D. Kh NH
3
v kh
HCl.
Cu 15: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) Cl
2
+ 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br
2
(4) F
2
+ 2NaCl 2NaF + Cl
2

(2) Br
2
+ 2NaI 2NaBr + I
2
(5) HF + AgNO
3
AgF + HNO
3

(3) Cl
2
+ 2NaF 2NaCl + F
2
(6) HCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + HNO
3

S phng trnh ha hc vit ng l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 17: Cho 1,12 lt halogen X
2
tc dng va vi ng, thu c 11,2g CuX
2
. Xc nh halogen
?
A. Iot. B. Flo. C. Clo. D. Brom.
Cu 18: Cho mt lung kh Cl
2
d tc dng vi 9,2 gam kim loi sinh ra 23,4 gam mui kim loi
ho tr I. Mui kim loi ho tr I l mui no di y
A. NaCl. B. LiCl. C. Kt qu khc. D. KCl.
Cu 19: Mt loi nc clo cha: Cl
2
0,061M; HCl 0,03M v HClO 0,03M. Th tch kh Clo (ktc)
thu c 5 lt nc clo trn l
A. 6,72 lt. B. 12,13 lt. C. 10,192 lt. D. 13,44 lt.
Cu 20: Cho 25g nc clo vo mt dung dch c cha 2,5g KBr thy dung dch chuyn sang mu
vng m v KBr vn cn d. Sau th nghim, nu c cn dung dch th cn li 1,61g cht rn
khan. Bit hiu sut phn ng 100%, nng %
ca n c clo l
A. 2,51%. B. 2,84%. C. 3,15%. D. 3,46%.
Cu 21: Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100
0
C. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Cu 22: Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng va ht vi mt hn hp gm 4,8g magi v
8,1g nhm to ra 37,05g hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. % th tch ca oxi v clo
trong hn hp A l
A.26,5% v 73,5%. B. 45% v 55%. C. 44,44% v 55,56%. D.25% v 75%.
Cu 23: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi phn ng va ht vi 16,98g hn hp B gm
magi v nhm to ra 42,34g hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. % khi lng ca
magi v nhm trong hn hp B l
A.48% v 52%. B. 77,74% v 22,26%. C. 43,15% v 56,85%. D.75% v 25%.
Cu 24: Cho 10,000 lt H
2
v 6,72 lt Cl
2
(ktc) tc dng vi nhau ri ho tan sn phm vo
385,400g nc ta thu c dung dch A. Ly 50,000g dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
thu c 7,175g kt ta. hiu sut phn ng gia H
2
v Cl
2
l
A. 33,33%. B. 45%. C. 50%. D. 66,67%.
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Cu 25: Trong phng th nghim, kh clo thng c iu ch t
A. NaCl + H
2
SO
4
c. B. HCl c + KMnO
4
. C. NaCl (in phn). D. F
2
+ KCl.
Cu 26: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl
2
, KMnO
4
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, MnO
2
ln lt phn ng vi lng d
dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl
2
nhiu nht l
A. CaOCl
2
. B. KMnO
4
. C. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
. D. MnO
2
.
Cu 27: Cho cc cht sau: CuO (1), Zn (2), Ag (3), Al(OH)
3
(4), KMnO
4
(5), PbS (6), MgCO
3
(7),

AgNO
3
(8), MnO
2
(9), FeS (10). Axit HCl khng tc dng c vi cc cht
A. (1), (2). B. (3), (4),. C. (5), (6). D. (3), (6).
Cu 28: Cho 44,5g hn hp bt Zn, Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy c 22,4 lt kh H
2
bay
ra ( ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam? A. 80. B. 115,5.
C. 51,6. D. 117,5.
Cu 29: Cho cc phn ng (1) O
3
+ dung dch KI (2) F
2
+ H
2
O
0
t

(3) MnO
2
+ HCl c
0
t
(4) Cl
2
+ dung dch H
2
S
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l :
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 30: Cho 1,03 gam mui natri halogen ( NaX ) tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO
3
d th thu
c mt kt ta , kt ta ny sau phn ng phn hy hon ton cho 1,08 gam Ag . Hi X l
A. Brom. B. Flo. C. Clo. D. Iot.
Cu 31: ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp Zn v ZnO cn dung 100,8 ml dung dch HCl
36,5%( D = 1,19 g/ml ) th thu c 8,96 lt kh (ktc) . Thnh phn phn trm ZnO trong hn hp
ban u l
A. 38,4%. B. 60,9%. C. 86,52%. D. 39,1%.
Cu 32: Cho 10,3 g hn hp Cu, Al, Fe vo dung dch HCl thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) v 2g cht
rn khng tan. Vy % theo khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp ban u ln lt l:
A. 26%, 54%, 20% B. 20%, 55%, 25%. C. 19,6%, 50%, 30,4%. D. 19,4%, 26,2%,
54,4%.
Cu 33: Cho 8,7g MnO
2
tc dng vi dd axit HCl m c sinh ra V lt kh Cl
2
( ktc). Hiu sut
phn ng l 85%. V c gi tr l A. 2 lt B. 2,905 lt C. 1,904 lt. D. 1,82 lt
Cu 34: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t
c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung
dch AgNO
3
(d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaY trong hn hp ban
u l
A. 52,8%. B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%.
Cu 35: Vi X l cc nguyn t halogen, chn cu ng:
A. C th iu ch HX bng phn ng gia NaX vi H
2
SO
4
c.
B. C th iu ch X
2
bng phn ng gia HX c vi KMnO
4
.
C. Phn ng ca dung dch HX vi Fe
2
O
3
u l phn ng trao i.
D. Dung dch HF l axit yu v khng c cha trong l thu tinh.
Cu 36: phn bit 4 dung dch KCl, HCl, KNO
3
, HNO
3
ta c th dng
A. Dung dch AgNO
3
. B. Qu tm C. Qu tm v dung dch AgNO
3
. D. vi.
Cu 37: Cho V lt hn hp kh gm H
2
S v SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch brom d. Thm dung dch
BaCl
2
d vo hn hp trn th thu c 2,33g kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,112 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 0,224 lt.
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Cu 38: Trong mui NaCl c ln NaBr v NaI. loi hai mui ny ra khi NaCl ngi ta c th
A. Sc t t kh Cl
2
cho n d vo dung dch sau c cn dung dch.
B. Tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.
C. Tc dng vi Br
2
d sau c cn dung dch.
D. Tc dng vi AgNO
3
sau nhit phn kt ta.
Cu 39: Cho 200ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch FeCl
2
0,1 M thu c
khi lng kt ta l ?
A. 3,95 gam. B. 2,87 gam. C. 23,31 gam. D. 28,7 gam.
Cu 40: Cho t t 0,25 mol HCl vo dung dch A cha 0,2 mol Na
2
CO
3
v 0,1 mol NaHCO
3.
Th
tch kh cacbonic
( ktc) l A. 3,92 lt. B. 5,6 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
Cu 41: Cho mt lng d KMnO
4
vo 25 ml dung dch HCl thu c 1,4 lt kh (ktc). Vy nng
mol ca dd HCl dng l A. 8,5M. B. 8M. C. 7,5M. D. 7M.
Cu 42: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2FeBr
2

+ Br
2

2FeBr
3

2NaBr + Cl
2

2NaCl + Br
2
Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh kh ca Cl
-
mnh hn ca Br
-
. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br
2
mnh hn ca Cl
2
.
C. Tnh kh ca Br
-
mnh hn ca Fe
2+
D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl
2
mnh hn ca Fe
3+
.
Cu 43: Mui iot l mui n c cha thm lng nh iot dng
A. I
2
B. MgI
2
C. CaI
2
D. KI hoc KIO
3
Cu 44 :C th phn bit 3 bnh kh HCl, Cl
2
, H
2
bng thuc th sau:
A. Dung dch AgNO
3
. B. Qu tm m
C. Dung dch phenolphtalein. D. Khng phn bit c.


Cu 45: Cho s :
Z
X Cl
2


Y
Cng thc ca X, Y, c th l
A. NaCl, HCl. B. MnO
2
, HCl C. AgCl, HCl. D. KClO
3
, HCl.
Cu 46 :Trong phng th nghim clo thng c iu ch bng cch oxi ha hp cht no sau
y?
A. NaCl. B. KClO
3
. C. HCl. D. KMnO
4
.
Cu 47: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca Cl
2
?
A. St trng nc sinh hot . B. Sn xut thuc tr su 666.
C. Sn xut kaliclorat, nc Gia-ven, cloruavi. D. Ty trng si, giy, vi.
Cu 48: Cho 0,03mol hn hp 2 mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 halogen thuc 2 chu k lin tip) tc
dng vi AgNO
3
d c 4,75g kt ta. X v Y l
A. F v Cl. B. Cl v Br. C. Br v I. D. I v At.
Cu 49: Halogen th rn (iu kin thng), c tnh thng hoa l
A. flo. B. Clo. C. Brom. D. Iot.
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Cu 50: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca KClO
3
?
A. Sn xut dim. B. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
C. Sn xut pho hoa. D. Ch to thuc n en.
Cu 51: iu ch xi trong phng th nghim t KMnO
4
, KClO
3
(xc tc l MnO
2
), NaNO
3
, H
2
O
2

(c s mol bng nhau), lng oxi thu c nhiu nht t
A. KMnO
4
. B. KClO
3
. C. NaNO
2
. D. H
2
O
2
.
Cu 52: Mt nguyn t nhm VIA c cu hnh electron nguyn t trng thi kch thch ng vi
s oxi ha +6 l
A.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
6
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
4
.
C.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
3
3d
1
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
3
3d
2
.
Cu 53: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS
2
to ra sn phm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
v SO
2
th mt phn t
CuFeS
2
s
A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron. C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12
electron.
Cu 54: Khi cho ozon tc dng ln giy c tm dung dch KI v tinh bt thy xut hin mu xanh.
Hin tng ny xy ra l do
A. S oxi ha ozon. B. S oxi ha kali. C.S oxi ha iotua. D. S oxi ha tinh bt.
Cu 55: Cc cht ca dy no ch c tnh oxi ha l
A. H
2
O
2
, HCl , SO
3
. B. O
2
, Cl
2
, S
8
.
C. O
3
, KClO
4
, H
2
SO
4
. D. FeSO
4
, KMnO
4
, HBr.
Cu 56 : Hin tng g xy ra khi dn kh H
2
S vo dung dch hn hp KMnO
4
v H
2
SO
4

A. Khng c hin tng g c.
B. Dung dch vn c do H
2
S t tan.
C. Dung dch mt mu tm v vn c c mu vng do S khng tan.
D. Dung dch mt mu tm do KMnO
4
b kh thnh MnSO
4
v trong sut .
Cu 57: Khi sc SO
2
vo dd H
2
S th
A. Dung dch b vn c mu vng. B.Khng c hin tng g.
C.Dung dch chuyn thnh mu nu en. D.To thnh cht rn mu .
Cu 58: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong hp cht
kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t
X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%. B. 40,00%. C. 27,27%. D. 60,00%.
Cu 59: Lu hunh tc dng vi dung dch kim nng theo phn ng sau
3S + 6KOH 2K
2
S + K
2
SO
3
+ 3H
2
O
Trong phn ng ny c t l s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ha v s nguyn t lu hunh b
kh l
A. 2 : 1. B. 1 : 2. C. 1 : 3. D. 2 : 3.
Cu 60: Cho phn ng: 2KMnO
4
+5H
2
O
2
+3H
2
SO
4
2MnSO
4
+5O
2
+K
2
SO
4
+ 8H
2
O. Cu no
din t ng
A. H
2
O
2
l cht oxi ha. B. KMnO
4
l cht kh.
C. H
2
O
2
l cht kh. D. H
2
O
2
va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh.
Cu 61: Xt cn bng ho hc: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) SO
3
(k) AH= -198kJ
T l SO
3
trong hn hp lc cn bng s ln hn khi
A. tng nhit v gim p sut. B. tng nhit , v p sut khng i.
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C. gim nhit v tng p sut. D. c nh nhit v gim p sut.
Cu 62: Cho hn hp gm Fe v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl kh c t khi so vi hiro l 9.
Thnh phn % theo khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 38,89%. D. 61,11%.
Cu 63: trung ho 500 ml dung dch X cha hn hp HCl 0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,3 M cn bao nhiu
ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,3M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M
A. 250ml. B. 500ml. C. 125ml. D. 750ml.
Cu 64: Nung 11,2 gam Fe v 26 gam Zn vi mt lng S d. Sn phm ca phn ng cho tan
hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ton b kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch CuSO
4
10%
(d = 1,2 g /ml). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.Th tch ti thiu ca dung dch CuSO
4
cn
hp th ht kh sinh ra l
A. 700ml. B. 800ml. C. 600ml. D. 500ml.
Cu 65: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr khng i trong hp cht) trong hn
hp kh Cl
2
v O
2
. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh phn ng
l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
Cu 66: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch
hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Cu 67: Ha tan hon ton 10,44 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung
dch X v 1,624 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam
mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29. B. 52,2. C. 58,0. D. 54,0.
Cu 68: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm a mol FeS
2

v 0,06mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3

(va ),
thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,075. B. 0,12. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
Cu 69: Ho tan 11,2 gam Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4

long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung
dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO
4

0,5M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 40. B. 80. C. 60. D. 20.
Cu 70: Cho tng cht: Fe, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, FeSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
,
FeCO
3
ln lt phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 5. B. 7. C. 6. D. 8.
Cu 71: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l
A. CO v CH
4
. B. CH
4
v NH
3
. C. SO
2
v NO
2
. D. CO v CO
2
.
Cu 72: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H
2
SO
4
c, nng (gi thit SO
2
l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui thu c l
A. 21,12g. B. 24g. C. 20,16g. D. 18,24g.
Cu 73: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M long. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.
Cu 74: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M
va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 57ml. B. 75ml. C. 55ml. D. 90ml.
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Cu 75: Hy chn phn ng m SO
2
c tnh oxi ho
A. SO
2
+ Na
2
O Na
2
SO
3
B.
SO
2
+ 2H
2
S
3S + 2H
2
O
C. SO
2
+ H
2
O + Br
2
2HBr + H
2
SO
4
D. 5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O K
2
SO
4
+
2MnSO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4
Cu 76: Trong cc phn ng sau y, hy ch ra phn ng khng ng:
A. H
2
S + 2NaCl Na
2
S + 2HCl B. 2H
2
S + 3O
2

0
t
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
C.
H
2
S + Pb(NO
3
)
2
PbS + 2HNO
3 D. H
2
S + 4Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
+ 8HCl
Cu 77: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t nhm oxi l
A. ns
2
np
4
. B. ns
2
np
5
. C. ns
2
np
3
.

D. (n-1)d
10
ns
2
np
4
.
Cu 78: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 10. Nguyn t X l:
A. Na. B. Cl. C. O.

D. S.
Cu 79: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
C. St trng nc sinh hot. D. Cha su rng.
Cu 80: Trn ln Vml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi Vml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,015M c 2Vml
dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 81: Cho Cu v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha hc), thy
thot ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A. amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
Cu 82: Hiro peoxit tham gia cc phn ng ha hc:
H
2
O
2
+ 2KI I
2
+ 2KOH (1) H
2
O
2
+ Ag
2
O 2Ag + H
2
O + O
2
(2).
Nhn xt no ng ?
A.Hiro peoxit ch c tnh oxi ha. B. Hiro peoxit va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh.
C. Hiro peoxit ch c tnh kh. D.Hiro peoxit khng c tnh oxi ha, khng c tnh kh.
Cu 83: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 4,5 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp
X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d ) thot ra 1,26 lt ( ktc) SO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,78. B. 2,22. C. 2,52. D. 2,32.
Cu 84: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thot ra 0,112
lt ( ktc) kh SO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS
2
. C. FeO. D. Fe
3
O
4
.
Cu 85: Khi nhit phn hon ton m gam mi cht sau: KClO
3
(xc tc MnO
2
), KMnO
4
, KNO
3
v
AgNO
3
. Cht to ra lng O
2
ln nht l
A. KMnO
4
. B. KNO
3
. C. KClO
3
. D. AgNO
3
.
Cu 86: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,06 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,88. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 5,04.
Cu 87 Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(2) CuSO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

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(3) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(4) H
2
SO
4
+ BaSO
3

(5) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
(6) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5), (6).
Cu 88: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch ch a 0,3 mol H
2
SO
4
c nng ,n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan
ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,84 B. 3,20. C. 1,92. D. 0,64.
Cu 89: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
. B. Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui.
C. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch CuCl
2
. D. Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
Cu 90: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + HCl (long) B. Cu + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
(long) + O
2

C. Cu + H
2
SO
4
(long) D. Cu + Pb(NO
3
)
2
(long)
Cu 91: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl
2
m l
A. CaO. B. dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c.
C. Na
2
SO
3
khan. D. dung dch NaOH c.
Cu 92: SO
2
lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi
A. H
2
S, O
2
, nc Br
2
. B. dung dch NaOH, O
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.
C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br
2
. D. O
2
, nc Br
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.
Cu 93: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y
l
A. MgSO
4
v FeSO
4
. B. MgSO
4
.
C. MgSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. MgSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v FeSO
4
.
Cu 94: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v
1,07 gam kt ta.
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl
2
, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc
bay hi)
A. 3,52g. B. 7,04g. C. 7,46g. D. 3,73g.
Cu 95: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO
3
)
3
, SO
3
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. S cht trong dy to
thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl
2
l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 96: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c
khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn
hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O
2

( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
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Cu 97: Ha tan hon ton Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d) c dung dch X
1
. Cho lng
d bt Fe vo dung dch X
1
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X
2
cha cht tan l
A. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v H
2
SO
4
. B. FeSO
4
.
C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. FeSO
4
v H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 98: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H
2
SO
4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H
2
( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c
lng mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
Cu 99: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4

long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
Cu 100: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO
3
v b mol FeS
2
trong bnh kn cha khng kh
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn
duy nht l Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau,
mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht
rn l khng ng k) A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b.
Cu 101: Cc nguyn t thuc nhm IVA c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l
A. ns
2
np
2
. B. ns
2
np
3
. C. ns
2
np
4
. D. ns
2
np
5
.
Cu 102: Trong nhm IVA, theo chiu tng ca THN Z, nhn nh no sau y sai
A. m in gim dn. B. Tnh phi kim gim dn, tnh kim loi tng dn.
C. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn. D. S oxi ho cao nht l +4.
Cu 103: Kim cng v than ch l cc dng:
A. ng hnh ca cacbon. B. ng v ca cacbon.
C. th hnh ca cacbon. D. ng phn ca cacbon.
Cu 104: Chn cu tr li ng, trong phn ng ho hc cacbon
A. ch th hin tnh kh. B. va th hin tnh kh va th hin tnh oxi ha.
C. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. D. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho.
Cu 105: Cho cc cht: O
2
(1),

CO
2
(2), H
2
(3), Fe
2
O
3
(4), SiO
2
(5), HCl (6), CaO (7), H
2
SO
4 c
(8),
HNO
3
(9), H
2
O (10), (11), KMnO
4
(12).
Cacbon phn ng trc tip c vi bao nhiu cht?
A.12 . B. 9. C. 11. D. 10.
Cu 106: Cho cc cht: O
2
(1),

Cl
2
(2), Al
2
O
3
(3), Fe
2
O
3
(4), HNO
3
(5), HCl (6), CaO (7), H
2
SO
4 c

(8), ZnO (9), PbCl
2
(10). Cacbon monooxit phn ng trc tip c vi bao nhiu cht?
A.5 . B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 107: Cho cc cht: O
2
(1),

NaOH (2), Mg (3), Na
2
CO
3
(4), SiO
2
(5), HCl (6), CaO (7), Al (8),
ZnO (9), H
2
O (10), NaHCO
3
(11), KMnO
4
(12), HNO
3
(13), Na
2
O (14).
Cacbon ioxit phn ng trc tip c vi bao nhiu cht?
A.5 . B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 108: Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau, phn ng no sai?
A. 3CO + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
3CO
2
+ 2Fe B. CO + Cl
2
COCl
2

C. 3CO + Al
2
O
3

o
t
2Al + 3CO
2
D. 2CO + O
2

o
t
2CO
2

Cu 109: Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau, phn ng no sai?
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A. SiO
2
+ 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O B. SiO
2
+ 4HCl SiCl
4
+ 2H
2
O
C. SiO
2
+ 2C
o
t
Si + 2CO D. SiO
2
+ 2Mg
o
t
2MgO + Si
Cu 110: S hnh thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng vi l nh phn ng ho hc no sau
y?
A.
3 2 2 3 2
CaCO CO H O Ca(HCO ) + + B.
2 2 3 3
Ca(OH) Na CO CaCO 2NaOH + + +
C.
0
t
3 2
CaCO CaO CO + D.
3 2 3 2 2
Ca(HCO ) CaCO CO H O + +
Cu 111: CO
2
khng chy v khng duy tr s chy nhiu cht nn c dng dp tt cc m
chy. Tuy nhin, CO
2
khng dng dp tt m chy no di y?
A. m chy do xng, du B. m chy nh ca, qun o.
C. m chy do magie hoc nhm D. m chy do kh ga.
Cu 112: Ngi ta thng dng ct (SiO
2
) lm khun c kim loi. lm sch hon ton nhng
ht ct bm trn b mt vt dng lm bng kim loi c th dng dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch HCl B. Dung dch HF.
C. Dung dch NaOH long. D. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 113: Kh CO
2
iu ch trong phng TN thng ln kh HCl v hi nc. loi b HCl v
hi nc ra khi hn hp, ta dng
A. Dung dch NaOH c. B. Dung dch NaHCO
3
bo ho v dung dch H
2
SO
4
c.
C. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c. D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
bo ho v dung dch H
2
SO
4
c.
Cu 114: phng nhim c CO, l kh khng mu, khng mi, rt c ngi ta dng cht hp
th l
A. ng(II) oxit v mangan oxit. B. ng(II) oxit v magie oxit.
C. ng(II) oxit v than hot tnh. D. than hot tnh.
Cu 115: Nguyn t ph bin th hai v tri t l
A. oxi. B. cacbon. C. silic. D. st.
Cu 116: Nc kh khng nng chy m thng hoa nn c dng to mi trng lnh
v kh rt tin cho vic bo qun thc phm. Nc kh l
A. CO rn. B. SO
2
rn. C. H
2
O rn. D. CO
2
rn.
Cu 117: Hiu ng nh knh l hin tng Tri t ang m dn ln, do cc bc x c bc sng
di trong vng hng ngoi b gi li, m khng bc x ra ngoi v tr. Cht kh no sau y l
nguyn nhn gy ra hiu ng nh knh?
A. H
2
. B. N
2
. C. CO
2
. D. O
2
.
Cu 118: Cng nghip silicat l ngnh cng nghip ch bin cc hp cht ca silic. Ngnh sn
xut no sau y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat
A. Sn xut gm (gch, ngi, snh, s). B. Sn xut xi mng.
C. Sn xut thu tinh. D. Sn xut thu tinh hu c.
Cu 119: Soa l mui A. NaHCO
3
. B. Na
2
CO
3
. C. NH
4
HCO
3
. D. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
Cu 120: Nhn nh no sau y v mui cacbonat l ng: Tt c mui cacbonat u
A. tan trong nc. B. b nhit phn to ra oxit kim loi v cacbon dioxit.
C. khng tan trong nc. D. b nhit phn tr mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim.
Cu 121: Thu tinh lng l
A. silic ioxit nng chy. B. dung dch c ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
.
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C. dung dch bo ho ca axit silixic. D. thch anh nng chy.
Cu 122: Hin tng xy ra khi trn dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vi dung dch FeCl
3
l
A. Xut hin kt ta mu nu. B. C bt kh thot ra khi dung dch.
C. Xut hin kt ta mu lc nht. D. A v B ng.
Cu 123: C 3 mui dng bt NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
v CaCO
3
. Chn ho cht thch hp nhn bit
mi cht
A. Qu tm. B. Phenolphtalein. C. Nc v qu tm. D. Axit HCl v qu tm.
Cu 124: Thnh phn chnh ca kh than t l
A.
2 2 2
CO,CO , H , N B.
4 2 2
CH ,CO,CO , N C.
2 2 2
CO,CO , H , NO D.
2 3 2
CO,CO , NH , N
Cu 125: Thnh phn chnh ca kh than than kh l
A.
2 2
CO, CO , N B.
4 2 2
CH ,CO,CO , N
C.
2 2 2
CO,CO , H , NO D.
2 3 2
CO,CO , NH , N
Cu 126: Cho 4 cht rn NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
, CaCO
3
, BaSO
4
. Ch dng thm mt cp cht no di y
nhn bit
A.
2
H Ov CO
2
. B.
2
H Ov NaOH. C.
2
H Ov HCl. D.
2
H Ov BaCl
2
.
Cu 127: Dn lung kh CO qua hn hp
2 3 2 3
Al O ,CuO,MgO, Fe O (nng) sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c cht rn l
A.
2 3
Al O ,Cu,MgO, Fe . B. Al,Fe,Cu,Mg
C.
2 3
Al O ,Cu,Mg, Fe. D.
2 3 2 3
Al O , Fe O ,Cu,MgO.
Cu 128: Mt dung dch c cha cc ion sau
2 2 2
Ba ,Ca ,Mg , Na , H ,Cl
+ + + + +
. tch c nhiu
cation ra khi dung dch m khng a thm ion mi vo th ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi
dung dch no sau y?
A. Na
2
SO
4
va . B. Na
2
CO
3
va . C. K
2
CO
3
va . D. NaOH va .
Cu 129: tch CO
2
ra khi hn hp gm CO
2
, HCl v hi nc, c th cho hn hp ln lt qua
cc bnh ng
A. NaOH v H
2
SO
4
c. B. Na
2
CO
3
v P
2
O C.H
2
SO
4
c v KOH. D. NaHCO
3
v P
2
O
5
.
Cu 130: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(kc) vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,25 mol
Ca(OH)
2
. Sn phm mui thu c sau phn ng gm
A. Ch c CaCO
3
. B. Ch c Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. C CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. Khng c c 2 cht CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
Cu 131: Hp th hon ton a mol kh CO
2
vo dd cha b mol Ca(OH)
2
th thu c hn hp 2
mui CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. Quan h gia a v b l
A. a>b. B. a<b. C. b<a<2b. D. a = b.
Cu 132: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 2,5 lt dd Ba(OH)
2
nng a mol/lt,thu
c 15,76g kt ta.Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,032. B. 0.048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
Cu 133: Sc V(l) CO
2
(ktc) vo 150ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, sau phn ng thu c 19,7g kt
ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt ; 4,48 lt. B. 2,24 lt ; 3,36 lt. C. 3,36 lt ; 2,24 lt. D. 22,4lt ; 3,36 lt.
Cu 134: Dn 10 lt hn hp kh gm N
2
v CO
2
(ktc) sc vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M thu
c 1g kt ta. Tnh % theo th tch CO
2
trong hn hp kh
A. 2,24% v 15,68%. B. 2,4% v 15,68%. C. 2,24% v 15,86%. D. 2,8% v 16,68%.
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Cu 135: Sc V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thu c 9,85g kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri
cho dung dch H
2
SO
4
d vo nc lc thu thm 1,65g kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l
A. 11,2 lt v 2,24lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 3,36 lt v 1,12 lt. D. 1,12 lt v 1,437 lt.
Cu 136: Sc V lt CO
2
(kc) vo 200ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)
2
0,375M thu
c 11,82g kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344l lt. B. 4,256 lt. C. 8,512 lt. D. 1,344l lt hoc 4,256 lt.
Cu 137: Cho 5,6 lt CO
2
(ktc) i qua 164ml dd NaOH 20%(d = 1,22g/ml) thu c dung dch X.
C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn
A. 26,5g. B. 15,5g. C. 46,5g. D. 31g.
Cu 138: Sc 2,24 lt CO
2
vo 400ml dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,01M thu c
kt ta c khi lng
A. 10g. B. 0,4g. C. 4g. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 139: Cho 0,2688 lt CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200ml dd NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)
2

0,01M. Tng khi lng cc mui thu c l
A. 2,16g. B. 1,06g. C. 1,26g. D. 2,004g.
Cu 140: Cho 3,45g hn hp mui natri cacbonat v kali cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl
thu c V lt CO
2
(kc) v 3,78g mui clorua. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 0,224 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 141: Rt t t nc vo cc cho sn 2,86 gam Na
2
CO
3
.nH
2
O cho 100ml. Khuy u cho
mui tan ht thu c dung dch c nng 0,1M. Gi tr ca n l
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10.
Cu 142: Khi nung hn hp CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
th khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ch
bng mt na khi lng ban u. Thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u l
A. 27,41% v 72,59%. B. 28,41% v 71,59%. C. 28% v 72%. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 143: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp BaCO
3
, MgCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
c rn X v kh Y. Ho tan rn
X vo nc thu c kt ta E v dung dch Z. Sc kh Y d vo dung dch Z thy xut hin kt
ta F, ho tan E vo dd NaOH d thy tan mt phn c dung dch G.
a. Cht rn X gm
A. BaO, MgO, A
2
O
3
. B. BaCO
3
, MgO, Al
2
O
3
.C. BaCO
3
, MgCO
3
, Al. D. Ba, Mg, Al.
b. Kh Y l
A. CO
2
v O
2
. B. CO
2
. C. O
2
. D. CO.
c. Dung dch Z cha
A. Ba(OH)
2
. B. Ba(AlO
2
)
2
. C. Ba(OH)
2
v Ba(AlO
2
)
2
. D. Ba(OH)
2
v MgCO
3
.
d. Kt ta F l
A. BaCO
3
. B. MgCO
3
. C. Al(OH)
3
. D. BaCO
3
v MgCO
3
.
e. Trong dung dch G cha
A. NaOH. B. NaOH v NaAlO
2
. C. NaAlO
2
. D. Ba(OH)
2
v NaOH.
Cu 144: Dung dch X cha a mol NaHCO
3
v b mol Na
2
CO
3
. Thc hin cc th ngim sau
TN1: cho (a+b)mol CaCl
2
. TN2: cho (a+b) mol Ca(OH)
2
vo dd X
Khi lng kt ta thu c trong 2 TN l
A. Bng nhau. B. TN1 < TN2. C. TN1 > TN2. D. Khng so snh
c.
Cu 145: C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 cht bt mu trng: NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, BaCO
3
, BaSO
4
.
Ch dng nc v kh CO
2
th c th nhn c my cht
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A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 146: Nung 3,2g hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
vi cacbon trong iu kin khng c khng kh
v phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,672 lt (ktc) hn hp kh CO v CO
2
c t khi so vi
hiro l 19,33.Thnh phn% theo khi lng ca CuO v Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp u l
A. 50% v 50%. B. 66,66% v 33,34%. C. 40% v 60%. D. 65% v 35%.
Cu 147: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 10g Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu
c m(g) hn hp X gm 3 oxit st. Cho X tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
0,5M (va ) thu
c dung dch Y v 1,12 lt NO (ktc) duy nht.
a. Th tch CO dng(kc) l A. 1,68. B. 2,24. C. 1,12.
D. 3,36.
b. m c gi tr l A. 7,5g. B. 8,8. C. 9. D. 7.
c. Th tch dung dch HNO
3
dng l
A. 0,75 lt. B. 0,85 lt. C. 0,95 lt. D. 1 lt.
Cu 148: Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m(g) Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu
c 6,96g hn hp rn X, cho X tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
0,1M va thu c dung
dch Y v 2,24 lt hn hp kh Z gm NO v NO
2
c t khi so vi hiro l 21,8.
a. Hp th ht kh sau khi nung vo nc vi trong d th thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A. 5,5g. B. 6g. C. 6,5g. D. 7g.
b. m c gi tr l
A. 8g. B. 7,5g. C. 7g. D. 8,5g.
c. Th tch dd HNO
3
dng A. 4 lt. B. 1 lt. C. 1,5 lt. D. 2
lt.
Cu 149: Cho 115g hn hp ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,896
lt CO
2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng
A. 120g. B. 115,44g. C. 110g. D. 116,22g.
Cu 150: Cho 113,5g hn hp hai mui MgCO
3
v RCO
3
vo 500ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy
c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) thot ra, dung dch A v cht rn B. C cn dung dch A thu c 12g mui
khan. Nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i th thu c rn B
1
v 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc). Bit
trong hn hp u s mol ca RCO
3
gp 2,5 ln s mol ca MgCO
3
.
a. Nng mol/lt ca dd H
2
SO
4
l
A. 0,2M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,4M. D. 1M.
b. Khi lng cht rn B v B
1
l
A. 110,5g v 88,5g. B. 110,5g v 88g. C. 110,5g v 87g. D. 110,5g v 86,5g
c. Nguyn t R l
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Zn. D. Ba.
Cu 151: Trong phng th nghim, thng iu ch HNO
3
bng phn ng
A. NaNO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
() HNO
3
+ NaHSO
4
B. 4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
4HNO
3

C. N
2
O
5
+ H
2
O 2HNO
3
D. 2Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O Cu(OH)
2
+
2HNO
3
Cu 152: Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch N
2
bng cch
A. nhit phn NaNO
2
B. un hn hp NaNO
2
v NH
4
Cl
C. thy phn Mg
3
N
2
D. phn hy kh NH
3
Cu 153: Tnh baz ca NH
3
do
A. trn N cn cp e t do. B. phn t c 3 lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
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C. NH
3
tan c nhiu trong nc. D. NH
3
tc dng vi nc to NH
4
OH
Cu 154: nhit thng, nit kh tr v mt hot ng ha hc l do
A. nit c bn knh nguyn t nh. B. nit c m in ln nht trong nhm.
C. phn t nit c lin kt ba kh bn. D. phn t nit khng phn cc.
Cu 155: Cho Cu v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha hc), thy
thot ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A. amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
Cu 156: Cc dung dch (dung mi l nc) trong dy no sau y u c th lm qu tm ha xanh
?
A. NaF, Na
2
ZnO
2
, NaHCO
3
. B. Na
3
PO
4
, NH
3
, BaI
2
.
C. NH
4
Cl, C
2
H
5
ONa, Mg(OH)
2
D. NaAlO
2
, NH
4
Cl, C
2
H
5
ONa.
Cu157: Nhit phn hon ton Fe(NO
3
)
2
trong khng kh thu c sn phm gm
A. FeO, NO
2
, O
2
. B. Fe
2
O
3
, NO
2
. C. Fe
2
O
3
, NO
2
, O
2
. D. Fe, NO
2
, O
2
.
Cu 158: Khi nhit phn, dy mui rn no di y u sinh ra kim loi ?
A. AgNO
3
, Hg(NO
3
)
2
B. AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
C. Hg(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
. D.Cu(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 159: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng v mui amoni ?
A. Mui amoni bn vi nhit. C. Cc mui amoni u l cht in li mnh
B. Tt c cc mui amoni tan trong nc. D. Cc mui amoni u b thy phn trong nc.
Cu 160: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1)
0
t
4 2
NH NO (2)
0
t
3 2
Cu(NO )
(3)
0
850 C,Pt
3 2
NH O + (4)
0
t
3 2
NH Cl +
(5)
0
t
3
NH CuO + (6)
0
t
4
NH Cl
Cc phn ng to kh N
2
l:
A. (1), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (5). C. (2), (4), (5). D. (2), (3), (6)
Cu 161: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l :
A. 2KNO
3

0
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2
. B. NH
4
NO
3

0
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O.
C. NH
4
Cl
0
t
NH
3
+ HCl. D. 2NaHCO
3

0
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Cu 162: Hiu sut ca phn ng gia N
2
v H
2
to thnh NH
3
b gim nu
A. gim p sut, tng nhit . B. gim p sut, gim nhit .
C. tng p sut, tng nhit . D. tng p sut, gim nhit .
Cu 163:Cho cc dung dch
X
1
: dung dch HCl ; X
3
: dung dch HCl + KNO
3
;
X
4
: dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. X
2
: dung dch KNO
3

Cc dung dch khng th ha tan c bt Cu l
A. X
2
, X
3
, X
4
. B. X
3
, X
4
. C. X
2
, X
4
. D. X
1
, X
2
.
Cu 164:Cho hai mui X, Y tha mn iu kin sau:
X + Y khng xy ra phn ng X + Cu khng xy ra phn ng
Y + Cu khng xy ra phn ng X + Y + Cu xy ra phn ng
X, Y l mui no di y?
A. NaNO
3
v NaHCO
3
. B. NaNO
3
v NaHSO
4
.
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C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v NaHSO
4
. D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
v KNO
3
.
Cu 165: C cc mnh sau :
1.Cc mui nitrat u tan trong nc v u l cht in li mnh.
2. Ion
3
NO

c tnh oxi ha trong mi trng axit.


3. Khi nhit phn mui nitrat rn ta u thu c kh NO
2
.
4. Hu ht mui nitrat u bn nhit.
Cc mnh ng l
A. (1) v (3). B. (2) v (4). C. (2) v (3). D. (1) v (2).
Cu 166: Nhm ch gm cc mui trung ho l
A. NaH
2
PO
4
, NH
4
H
2
PO
3
, KH
2
PO
2
. B. (NH
4
)
2
HPO
3
, NaHCO
3
, KHSO
3
.
D. CH
3
COONa, NaH
2
PO
2
, K
2
HPO
3
. C. NH
4
HSO
4
, NaHCO
3
, KHS.
Cu 167:Dy cht no di y gm cc cht khi phn li trong nc u tham gia phn ng thy
phn ?
A. Na
3
PO
4
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, KCl. B. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
.
C. NaF, AlCl
3
, Na
3
PO
4
. D. KI, K
2
SO
4
, K
3
PO
4
.
Cu 168: tch ring NH
3
ra khi hn hp gm N
2
, H
2
, NH
3
trong cng nghip, ngi ta
A. cho hn hp qua nc vi trong d. B. cho hn hp qua bt CuO nung nng.
C. nn v lm lnh hn hp ha lng NH
3
. D. cho hn hp qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c.
Cu 169:Axit H
3
PO
4
v HNO
3
cng phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no di y
A. CuCl
2
, KOH, NH
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. KOH, NaHCO
3
, NH
3
, ZnO.
C. MgO, BaSO
4
, NH
3
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. NaOH, KCl, NaHCO
3
, H
2
S.
Cu 170: Cho s : X
+
3
NH
Y
2
+ H O
Z
o
t
T
o
t
X.
Cc cht X, T (u c cha nguyn t C trong phn t) c th ln lt l
A. CO, NH
4
HCO
3
. B. CO
2
, NH
4
HCO
3
. C. CO
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. CO
2
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
Cu 171: Cho phn ng oxi ha kh : 8R + 30HNO
3
8R(NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
x
O
y
+ 15H
2
O.
N
x
O
y
l cht no di y ?
A. N
2
O. B. N
2
O
3
. C. NO. D. NO
2
.
Cu 172: Phn m 2 l l
A. NH
4
Cl B. NH
4
NO
3
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
D. NaNO
3
Cu 173: Chn cu sai trong cc mnh sau:
A. NH
3
c dng sn xut HNO
3

B. NH
3
chy trong kh Clo cho khi trng
C. Kh NH
3
tc dng vi oxi c (xt,t
0
) to kh NO.
D. iu ch kh NH
3
bng cch c cn dung dch mui amoni
Cu 174: Tin hnh nhit phn hon ton 1 mol cht rn no sau y m khi lng cht rn thu
c sau phn ng l ln nht ? A. Mg(NO
3
)
2
B. NH
4
NO
3
C. NH
4
NO
2
D. KNO
3

Cu 175: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4

+ BaCl
2
(2) CuSO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

(3) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(4) H
2
SO
4
+ BaSO
3

(5) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
(6) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

Dy gm cc phn ng c cng mt phng trnh ion thu gn
A. (1), (3), (5), (6). B. (3), (4), (5), (6).
C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (1), (2), (3), (6).
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Cu 176: Cho 14,2 gam P
2
O
5
vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c dung dch A. Mui thu
c v nng % tng ng l:
A. NaH
2
PO
4
11,2%. B. Na
3
PO
4
v 7,66%.
C. Na
2
HPO
4
v NaH
2
PO
4
u 7,66%. D. Na
2
HPO
4
v 13,26%.
Cu 177: Cho 1,32 gam (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng thu c mt sn
phm kh. Hp th hon ton lng kh trn vo dung dch cha 3,92 gam H
3
PO
4
. Mui thu c
l
A. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
. B. (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
. C. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
. D. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
v (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
.
Cu 178: Ha tan 142g P
2
O
5
vo 500g dung dch H
3
PO
4
24,5%. Nng % ca H
3
PO
4
trong dung
dch thu c l
A. 49,61% B. 56,32% C. 48,86% D. 68,75%
Cu 179: Phn supephotphat kp thc t sn xut c thng ch c 40% P
2
O
5
. Vy % khi lng
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
trong phn bn l
A. 78,56% B. 56,94% C. 65,92% D. 75,83%
Cu 180: Cho 0,1 mol Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
vo dung dch cha 0,16 mol H
2
SO
4
, thu c mui
A. CaHPO
4
, CaSO
4
B. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
, CaSO
4
C. CaHPO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
D. CaHPO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
, CaSO
4
Cu 181:Thc hin phn ng gia H
2
v N
2
(t l mol 4 : 1), trong bnh kn c xc tc, thu c
hn hp kh c p sut gim 9% so vi ban u (trong cng iu kin). Hiu sut phn ng l:

A. 20%. B. 22,5%. C. 25%. D. 27%.
Cu 182: iu ch NH
3
t hn hp gm N
2
v H
2
(t l mol 1:3). T khi hn hp trc so vi hn
hp sau phn ng l 0,6. Hiu sut phn ng l
A. 75% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80%
Cu 183: iu ch 5kg dung dch HNO
3
25,2% bng phng php oxi ha NH
3
, th tch kh
NH
3
(ktc) ti thiu cn dng l
A. 336 lt B. 448 lt C. 896 lt D. 224 lt
Cu 184: Trn 3 dung dch HCl 0,3M; H
2
SO
4
0,2M; v H
3
PO
4
0,1M vi nhng th tch bng nhau
thu c dung dch A. trung ha 300 ml dung dch A cn va V ml dung dch B gm NaOH
0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 200. B. 250. C. 500. D. 1000.
Cu 185: Cho 24,0 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch NaNO
3
0,5M, sau thm 500 ml dung dch HCl
2M thu c dung dch X v c kh NO thot ra. Th tch kh NO bay ra (ktc) v th tch dung dch
NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ht Cu
2+
trong X ln lt l
A. 4,48 lt v 1,2 lt. B. 5,60 lt v 1,2 lt.
C. 4,48 lt v 1,6 lt. D. 5,60 lt v 1,6 lt.
Cu 186: Chia m gam hn hp A gm hai kim loi Cu, Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: tc dng hon ton vi HNO
3
c ngui thu c 0,672 lt kh.
Phn 2: tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d thu c 0,448 lt kh
Gi tr ca m l (bit cc th tch kh c o ktc)
A. 4,96 gam. B. 8,80 gam. C. 4,16 gam. D. 17,6 gam.
Cu 187: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al trong dung dch HNO
3
, thy to ra 44,8 lt hn hp ba kh
NO, N
2
, N
2
O c t l mol:
O N N NO
2 2
n : n : n = 1: 2 : 2)
.
Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M cn dng (lt) l
A. 1,92. B. 19,2. C. 19,3. D. 1,931.
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Cu 188:Cho 25,2 gam Fe tc dng vi HNO
3
long un nng thu c kh NO l sn phm kh
duy nht v mt dung dch Z, cn li 1,4 gam kim loi khng tan. Khi lng mui trong dung
dch Z l
A. 76,5 gam. B. 82,5 gam. C. 126,2 gam. D. 180,2 gam.
Cu 189: Ho tan hon ton 9,45 gam kim loi X bng HNO
3
long thu c 5,04 lt (ktc) hn
hp kh N
2
O v NO (khng c sn phm kh khc), trong s mol NO gp 2 ln s mol N
2
O.
Kim loi X l:
A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Al. D. Fe.
Cu 190: Nung n hon ton 0,05 mol FeCO
3
trong bnh kn cha 0,01 mol O
2
thu c cht rn
A. ha tan ht A bng dung dch HNO
3
(c nng) th s mol HNO
3
ti thiu cn dng l :
A. 0,14 mol. B. 0,15 mol C. 0,16 mol D. 0,18 mol
Cu 191: Ha tan hon ton m gam Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch HNO
3
long d, tt c lng kh NO thu
c em oxi ha thnh NO
2
ri sc vo nc cng dng kh O
2
chuyn ht thnh HNO
3
. Cho
bit th tch kh O
2
(kc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l 3,36 lt. Khi lng m ca Fe
3
O
4
l :
A. 139,2g. B. 13.92g C. 1.392g D. 1392g
Cu 192: Ha tan m gam bt Al vo lng d dung dch hn hp ca NaOH v NaNO
3
thy xut
hin 6,72 lt (kc) hn hp kh NH
3
v H
2
vi s mol bng nhau. Khi lng m bng :
A. 6,72g. B. 7,59g. C. 8,10g. D. 13,50g.
Cu 193: Ha tan 12,8g bt Cu trong 200 ml dung dch hn hp KNO
3
0,5M v H
2
SO
4
1M. Th
tch kh NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ) thot ra ktc l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 2,99 lt. C. 4,48 lt D. 11,2 lt
Cu 194:Mt hn hp bt 2 kim loi Mg v R c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
+ Phn 1 : cho tc dng vi HNO
3
d thu c 1,68 lt N
2
O duy nht.
+ Phn 2 : ha tan ht trong 400 ml HNO
3
long 0,7M, d thu c V lit kh khng mu, ha nu
trong khng kh. Gi tr ca V ( bit cc th tch kh u o kc ) l :
A. 2,24 lt B. 1,68 lt C. 1,568 lt D. 4,48 lt
Cu 195: Cho a gam hn hp X gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe
2
O
3
c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton
vi lng va l 250 ml dung dch HNO
3
khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch Y v 3,136 lt
(ktc) hn hp kh Z gm NO
2
v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh
A. 74,88 gam. B. 52,35 gam. C. 72,35 gam. D. 61,79

bi tp v n cht v hp cht ca Halogen

Cu 1: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
B. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
C. Tnh kh ca ion Brln hn tnh kh ca ion Cl.
D. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl
Cu 2: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A.kali v bari. B. liti v beri. C. natri v magie. D. kali v canxi.
Cu 3: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl ng vai
tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
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Cu 4: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng
d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4. B. MnO2. C. CaOCl2. D. K2Cr2O7.
Cu 5: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
Cu 6: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho
n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V
l
A.4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
Cu 7: Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c
5,6 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp
X l
A.2,80 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
Cu 8: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.
Cu 9: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi
oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l
A.57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Cu 10: Cho cc phn ng sau:
4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. 2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2.
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.
16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l
A.2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 11: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy
u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy
c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A.V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Cu 12: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl.
B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl.
Cu 13: Cho 3,16 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c (d), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton th s mol HCl b oxi ha l
A.0,10. B. 0,05. C. 0,02. D. 0,16.
Cu 14: ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit ca n
cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A.Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.
Cu 15: Mc phn cc ca lin kt ha hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim
dn t tri sang phi l:
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A.HI, HCl, HBr. B. HCl, HBr, HI. C. HI, HBr, HCl. D. HBr, HI, HCl.
Cu 16: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d thu c dung
dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m + 31,95) gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ho tan hon ton
2m gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,5 lt dung
dch CrCl3 1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A.54,0 gam. B. 20,6 gam. C. 30,9 gam. D. 51,5 gam.
Cu 17: Kh no sau y khng b oxi ho bi nc Gia-ven?
A.SO2. B. CO2. C. HCHO. D. H2S.
Cu 18: Cho hn hp X gm Cu, Ag, Fe, Al tc dng vi oxi d khi un nng c cht rn Y.
Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d, khuy k, sau ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH long, d. Lc ly kt ta to thnh em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
thu c cht rn Z. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn ca Z gm:
A.Fe2O3, CuO. B. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag.
C. Fe2O3, Al2O3. D. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag2O.
Cu 19: Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c
V lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch X thu c kt
ta, lc ht lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca
V l
A.0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.
Cu 20: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2 m l
A. Na2SO3 khan. B. dung dch NaOH c. C. dung dch H2SO4 m c . D. CaO .
Cu 21: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A.2,16. B. 5,04. C. 4,32. D. 2,88.
Cu 22: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr hai khng i trong hp cht) trong
hn hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh phn
ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A.Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
Cu 23: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng
c vi dung dch AgNO3?
A.Fe, Ni, Sn. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Zn, Cu, Mg. D. Hg, Na, Ca.
Cu 24: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm
kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc,
khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra
cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A.Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Cu 25 Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c
lng mui khan l
A.38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
Cu 26: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha hc sau:
X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2; Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X.
Pht biu ng l:
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+.
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B. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y.
D. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2 +.
Cu 27: Khi cho 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c cha
6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
Cu 28: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch
HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim
loi M c th l
A.Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Fe.
Cu 29: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%,
thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca
MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l
A.24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%.
Cu 30: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn: 3717Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l
3517Cl .Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca 3717 Cl trong HClO4 l.
A.8,43%. B. 8,79%. C. 8,92%. D. 8,56%.
Cu 31: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H2S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t
qua mt lng d dung dch
A.Pb(NO3)2. B. NaHS. C. AgNO3. D. NaOH.
Cu 32: Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dung dch
HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l
A.Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca
Cu 33: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl (d),
sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam X
bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
Cu 34: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 35: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t
c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung
dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban
u l
A. 58,2%. B. 41,8%. C. 52,8%. D. 47,2%.
Cu 36: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 :
2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A.57,4. B. 28,7. C. 10,8. D. 68,2.
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Cu 37: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s
mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A.0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,06 v 0,01. C. 0,03 v 0,01. D. 0,06 v 0,02.
Cu 38: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2 Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br -. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+. D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+.
Cu 39: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
Cu 40: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
Cu 41: Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100oC. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l (cho Cl = 35,5; K =
39)
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Cu 42: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm
chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi
l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 43: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vo mt lng va dung dch HCl
2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe2+ v Fe3+ l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau.
C cn phn mt thu c m1 gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai, c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c m2 gam mui khan. Bit m2 m1 = 0,71. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l
A.240 ml. B. 80 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 160 ml.
Cu 44.12A Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl. Nhit
phn hon ton X thu c 13,44 lt O2 (ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng
va vi 0,3 lt dung dch K2CO3 1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln
lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi lng KCl trong X l
A. 25,62%. B. 12,67%. C. 18,10%. D. 29,77%.
Cu 45.12A Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch
X trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta;
khi ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 23,4 v 56,3. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 15,6 v 27,7. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
Cu 46.12B t chy hn hp gm 1,92 gam Mg v 4,48 gam Fe vi hn hp kh X gm clo v
oxi, sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit v mui clorua (khng cn kh d). Ha
tan Y bng mt lng va 120 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho AgNO3 d
vo dung dch Z,
thu c 56,69 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca clo trong hn hp X l
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
Cu 47.12B Cho m gam bt st vo dung dch hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol HCl. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,725m gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
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A. 16,0. B. 18,0. C. 16,8. D. 11,2
Cu 48.12B Nung nng 46,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng
kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Chia hn hp thu c sau phn ng thnh hai phn bng
nhau. Phn mt phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (long). ha tan ht phn hai
cn va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,9. B. 1,3. C. 0,5. D. 1,5.
Cu 49. Cd12Nung hn hp bt gm Al v Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c oxi), thu c hn
hp cht rn X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:Cho phn 1 vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 7,84
lt kh H2 (ktc);Cho phn 2 vo dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc).Bit rng
cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 42,32%. B. 46,47%. C. 66,39%. D. 33,61%.
Cu 50.Cd12Cho 42,4 gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 (c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 1) tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton cn li m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 12,8. B. 19,2. C. 9,6. D. 6,4.
Cu 51.Cd12Cho phn ng ha hc: 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5 KCl + KClO3 + H2O T l gia
s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht oxi ha v s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht kh trong phng
trnh ha hc ca phn ng cho tng ng l
A. 3 : 1. B. 1 : 3. C. 5 : 1. D. 1 : 5.
Cu 52.Cd12Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cr, Al bng dung dch HCl d, thu
c 1,568 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho 2,7 gam X phn ng hon ton vi kh Cl2 d, thu
c 9,09 gam mui. Khi lng Al trong 2,7 gam X l bao nhiu?
A. 0,54 gam B. 0,81 gam C. 0,27 gam D . 1,08 gam

bi tp v O-S

1.11a Cu 31: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm
20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn
duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm
khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l
A.59,46%. B. 42,31%. C. 26,83%. D. 19,64%.
2.11a Cu 60: Ho tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4
(long, rt d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu
va 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m l
A.0,96. B. 1,24. C. 3,2. D. 0,64.
3.10a Cu 2: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (II) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S. (III) Sc hn
hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc.
(IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng. (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c,
nng. (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung dch HF.
S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A.6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
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4.10a Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung
dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1.
Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A.13,70 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 18,46 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
5.10a Cu 39: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x : y = 2 : 5),
thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng
Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A.2x. B. 3x. C. 2y. D. y.
6.09a Cu 21: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A.101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.
7.07a Cu 32: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung
dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A.80. B. 40. C. 20. D. 60.
8.07a Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit
H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c
khi lng l
A.6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam.
9.Cd11Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch
axit H2SO4 long (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho lng d dung dch
NaOH vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr nh
nht ca m l
A.57,4. B. 59,1. C. 60,8. D. 54,0.
10.Cd11Cu 15: Cho cc cht: KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn,
s cht c th b oxi ha bi dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
11.10cdCu 5: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
H2O. Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
12.10cd Cu 19: Nguyn t S ng vai tr va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho trong phn ng no
sau y?
A. S + 2Na
t
o
Na2S.
B. S + 6HNO3 (c)
t
o
H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O.
C. 4S + 6NaOH(c)
t
o
2Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3H2O
. D. S + 3F2
t
o
SF6.
13.10cd Cu 27: Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X.
trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn trm v khi
lng ca nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l
A.32,65%. B. 35,95%. C. 37,86%. D. 23,97%.
14.09cd Cu 32: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr hai khng i trong hp cht)
trong hn hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh
phn ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A.Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
15.Cd08Cu 5: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l
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A. 3O2 + 2H2S
t
o
2H2O + 2SO2.
B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl.
C. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2.
D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
16.Cd08Cu 34: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn
hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
Mt khc, khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro
sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A.Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
17.Cd08Cu 36: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Fe(OH)
2
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ddZ
NaOH
BaSO
4
+ddX
+ddY
Cc dd (dung dch) X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2. B. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.
18.Cd08Cu 38: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin
khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii
phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va
V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
19.Cd08Cu 41: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1.
Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO4 v H2SO4.
20.Cd08Cu 44: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl
1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu
c lng mui khan l
A.38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
21.Cd08Cu 54: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch
H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2
( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca m l
A.42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
22.Cd07Cu 1: Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
20% thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A.Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
23.Cd07Cu 3: SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi
A. H2S, O2, nc Br2. B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.
C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2. D. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4.
24.Cd07Cu 18: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
25.Cd07Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi
tr ca m l
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A.9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
26.Cd07Cu 48: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong
dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
27.11b Cu 55: Ho tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc, thu c 150 ml
dung dch Y. Thm H2SO4 (d) vo 20 ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng
dung dch KMnO4 0,1M th dng ht 30 ml dung dch chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO4 trong
hn hp X l
A.68,4%. B. 9,12%. C. 31,6%. D. 13,68%.
28.10bCu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H2S l: Cho hn hp kh li
t t qua mt lng d dung dch
A.Pb(NO3)2. B. NaHS. C. AgNO3. D. NaOH.
29.10b Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a
gam kim loi M. Ho tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt
kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A.Cr2O3. B. FeO. C. Fe3O4. D. CrO.
30.10b Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch
H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc)
v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A.39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
31.10b Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch:
FeCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh
l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
32.10b Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp
th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7
gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.23,2. B. 12,6. C. 18,0. D. 24,0.
33.10b Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau:
(a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1:1); (b) Sn v Zn (2:1); (c) Zn v Cu (1:1); (d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1:1);
(e) FeCl2 v Cu (2:1); (g) FeCl3 v Cu (1:1). S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung
dch HCl long nng l
A.4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5
34.09b Cu 4: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X,
thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3.
35.09b Cu 12: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo
dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
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36.09b Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu
c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4.
37.09b Cu 46: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. Cha su rng.
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim. D. St trng nc sinh hot.
38.07bCu 4: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn
t CuFeS2 s
A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.
39.07b Cu 10: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l
sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
40.07b Cu 48: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra
0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS2. C. FeO D. FeCO3.
41.12A Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2?
A. H2S, O2, nc brom. B. O2, nc brom, dung dch KMnO4.
C. Dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. D. Dung dch BaCl2, CaO, nc brom.
42.12A Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 long, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong
dung dch X l
A. 5,83 gam. B. 7,33 gam. C. 4,83 gam. D. 7,23 gam.
43.12B Cho cc cht ring bit sau: FeSO4, AgNO3, Na2SO3, H2S, HI, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng
vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
44.12B Cho cc cht sau: FeCO3, Fe3O4, FeS, Fe(OH)2. Nu ho tan cng s mol mi cht vo
dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) th cht to ra s mol kh ln nht l
A. Fe3O4. B. Fe(OH)2. C. FeS. D. FeCO3.
45.12B t 16,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl2 thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y
vo nc d, thu c dung dch Z v 2,4 gam kim loi. Dung dch Z tc dng c vi ti a
0,21 mol KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 (khng to ra SO2). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong
hn hp X l
A. 72,91%. B. 64,00%. C. 66,67%. D. 37,33%.
46.12B Mt mu kh thi c sc vo dung dch CuSO4, thy xut hin kt ta mu en.
Hin tng ny do cht no c trong kh thi gy ra?
A. H2S. B. NO2. C. SO2. D. CO2.
47.Cd12Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l 2 : 1). Cho X
tc dng vi H2O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch
H2SO4 long (d) thu c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn ng u xy
ra hon ton. T l s mol ca Fe v Al trong X tng ng l
A. 1 : 2. B. 5 : 8. C. 5 : 16. D. 16 : 5.
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48.Cd12Cho dy gm cc phn t v ion : Zn, S, FeO, SO2, Fe2+, Cu2+, HCl. Tng s phn t v
ion trong dy va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l
A. 7 B. 4 C. 6 D. 5
49.Cd12Oxi ha hon ton m gam kim loi X cn va 0,25m gam kh O2. X l kim loi no sau
y?
A. Al. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Ca


E-Cacbon-Silic

1.11a Cu 8: Trong cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF. (2) Cho kh SO2 tc
dng vi kh H2S. (3) Cho kh NH3 tc dng vi CuO un nng. (4) Cho CaOCl2 tc dng vi
dung dch HCl c. (5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
2.11a Cu 49: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng
ca chng trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. CH4 v H2O. B. CO2 v CH4. C. N2 v CO. D. CO2 v O2.
3.10a Cu 28: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp
cht.
B. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit,
ct v than cc 1200oC trong l in.
C. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
D. Hiro sunfua b oxi ho bi nc clo nhit thng.
4.08a Cu 3: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X
t
o
X1 +CO2 ; X1 +H2O X2 ;
X2+Y X+ Y1 +H2O ; X2+ 2Y X+ Y2+2H2O .
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A.CaCO3, NaHSO4. B. BaCO3, Na2CO3.
C. CaCO3, NaHCO3. D. MgCO3, NaHCO3.
5.Cd11Cu 14: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4; (2) Sc kh
H2S vo dung dch CuSO4; (3) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3; (4) Sc kh CO2 (d)
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2; (5) Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3; (6) Nh
t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l
A.5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4
6.10cd Cu 17: Ho tan hn hp gm: K2O, BaO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 vo nc (d), thu c dung
dch X v cht rn Y. Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c kt ta l
A.Fe(OH)3. B. K2CO3. C. Al(OH)3. D . BaCO3
7.09cd Cu 9: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l
A. nc brom. B. CaO. C. dung dch Ba(OH)2. D. dung dch NaOH.
8.09cd Cu 29: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2. B. NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2.
C. NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3. D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.
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9.09cd Cu 41: Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau: CO (k) + H2O (k) CO2 (k) + H2 (k) H
< 0 Trong cc yu t: (1) tng nhit ; (2) thm mt lng hi nc; (3) thm mt lng H2; (4)
tng p sut chung ca h; (5) dng cht xc tc. Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng
ca h l:
A.(1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
10.Cd07Cu 13: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO,
Fe3O4, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn
khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A.MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
11.Cd07Cu 36: Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th
l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na2CO3 v NaClO
.C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3. D. NaOH v Na2CO3.
12.10b Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH,
Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A.4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
13.10b Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Dung dch m c ca Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 c gi l thy tinh lng.
B. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh.
C. CF2Cl2 b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hy tng ozon.
D. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH4NO2 bo
ho.
14.11a Cu 7: Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M
v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A.2,00. B. 1,00. C. 1,25. D. 0,75.
15.10a Cu 24: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt
dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta.
Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn
ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A.0,08 v 4,8. B. 0,04 v 4,8. C. 0,14 v 2,4. D. 0,07 v 3,2.
16.10a Cu 45: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha
Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A.0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
17.09a Cu 4: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.
18.09a Cu 16: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u
l
A.0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
19.09a Cu 19: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c
V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A.m = 2a V/22,4. B. m = 2a V/11,2. C. m = a + V/5,6. D. m = a V/5,6.
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20.09a Cu 22: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A.4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
21.08a Cu 22: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp
rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
22.08a Cu 24: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d),
thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu
c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
23.08a Cu 27: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
24.07a Cu 11: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi
khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X
thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A.V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
25.07a Cu 24: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng
a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A.0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
26.10cd Cu 12: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M,
thu c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung
dch X l
A.0,6M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,4M..
27.10cd Cu 34: Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 (d), thu
c dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A.NaHCO3. B. Ca(HCO3)2. C. Ba(HCO3)2. D. Mg(HCO3)2.
28.09cd Cu 14: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo H2O thu c
200 ml dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO2 (d) vo Y thu
c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A.8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.
29.09cd Cu 20: Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH4)2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam
Ba(OH)2. Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
30.09cd Cu 38: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau
phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A.Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe3O4 v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe2O3 v 0,448.
31.Cd08Cu 17: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn
ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A.1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
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32.11b Cu 29: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v
KOH x mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc
dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A.1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 1,4.
33.11b Cu 33: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm
CO, CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn
Y. Ho tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l
A.57,15%. B. 14,28%. C. 28,57%. D. 18,42%.
34.11b Cu 53: Cho 5,6 gam CO v 5,4 gam H2O vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt.
Nung nng bnh mt thi gian 830oC h t n trng thi cn bng: CO (k) + H2O (k)
CO2 (k) + H2 (k) (hng s cn bng KC = 1). Nng cn bng ca CO, H2O ln lt l
A. 0,08M v 0,18M. B. 0,018M v 0,008M.
C. 0,012M v 0,024M. D. 0,008M v 0,018M.
35.10b Cu 45: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 v Cl, trong s mol ca ion
Cl l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho
1/2 dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc,
nu un si n cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47.
36.09b Cu 20: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch
Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
37.08b Cu 32: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi
qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%
38.07b Cu 22: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi
lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.
39.12a Cho cc phn ng sau :
(a) H2S + SO2 (b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 (long)
c) SiO2 + Mg

2 : 1 mol l t
(d)Al2O3 + dung dch NaOH
(e) Ag + O3 (g) SiO2 + dung dch HF S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3.
40.12a Cho hn hp K2CO3 v NaHCO3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 thu c
kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra
th ht 560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt
ta X l
A. 3,94 gam. B. 7,88 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,85 gam.
41.12a Cho cc pht biu sau
(a) Kh CO2 gy ra hin tng hiu ng nh knh
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(b) Kh SO2 gy ra hin tng ma axit.
(c) Khi c thi ra kh quyn, freon (ch yu l CFCl3 v CF2Cl2) ph hy tng ozon
(d) Moocphin v cocain l cc cht ma ty
S pht biu ng l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
42.12b Cho cc th nghim sau:
(a) t kh H2S trong O2 d;(b) Nhit phn KClO3 (xc tc MnO2); (c) Dn kh F2 vo nc
nng; (d) t P trong O2 d;(e) Kh NH3 chy trong O2;(g) Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch
Na2SiO3.S th nghim to ra cht kh l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
43.12b Dn lung kh CO i qua hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu
c cht rn X v kh Y. Cho Y hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 29,55
gam
kt ta. Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 6,72. D. 3,36.
44.Cd12Hp th hon ton 0,336 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M v
KOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn
khan?
A. 2,44 gam B. 2,22 gam C. 2,31 gam D. 2,58 gam.
45.Cd12Dung dch E gm x mol Ca2+, y mol Ba2+, z mol
3
-
HCO
. Cho t t dung dch Ca(OH)2
nng a mol/l vo dung dch E n khi thu c lng kt ta ln nht th va ht V lt dung
dch Ca(OH)2. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr V, a, x, y l
A.
x y
a
V
+
=
B.
2 x y
a
V
+
=

C.
2 ( ) V a x y = +
D.
(2 ) V a x y = +


Bi tp v n cht v hp cht ca N-P

1.07a Cu 19: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c
V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T
khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36.
2.08a Cu 29: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C
cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
3.09a Cu 25: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a
m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84.
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4.10a Cu 60: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c
cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A.85,88%. B. 14,12%. C. 87,63%. D. 12,37%.
5.11a Cu 5: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng
dung dch HNO3. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt
hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v NO2 (khng c sn phm kh khc ca N+5). Bit lng HNO3
phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.50,4. B. 40,5. C. 44,8. D. 33,6.
6.11a Cu 32: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch
sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 19,76 gam. B. 22,56 gam. C. 20,16 gam. D. 19,20 gam.
7.11a Cu 35: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4
0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc)
thot ra. Thm tip vo bnh 0,425 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam.
C. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam. D. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam.
8.10a Cu 22: Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi
gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2.
Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l
A.25%. B. 50%. C. 36%. D. 40%.
9.09a Cu 9: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8
ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim
loi M l
A.NO v Mg. B. NO2 v Al. C. N2O v Al. D. N2O v Fe.
10.09a Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi
cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
11.09a Cu 17: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A.4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
12.09a Cu 32: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung
dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y
so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
13.09a Cu 35: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn
hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung
dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th
lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A.360. B. 240. C. 400. D. 120.
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14.09a Cu 53: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng
tng ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng t oC, H2
chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng KC t oC ca phn ng c gi tr l
A.2,500. B. 3,125. C. 0,609. D. 0,500.
15.08a Cu 41: Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v
H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.0,746. B. 0,448. C. 1,792. D. 0,672.
16.07a Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va
), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,04. B. 0,075. C. 0,12. D. 0,06.
17.07a Cu 53: thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al2O3, b mol CuO, c mol
Ag2O), ngi ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau
thm (gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y. B. c mol bt Cu vo Y. C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2c mol bt Cu
vo Y.
18.Cd11Cu 55: Ho tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung
dch X v 0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
A.18,90 gam. B. 37,80 gam. C. 28,35 gam. D. 39,80 gam.
19.10cd Cu 1: Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu
c V lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch X thu
c kt ta, lc ht lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.
20.10cd Cu 3: Cho hn hp gm 6,72 gam Mg v 0,8 gam MgO tc dng ht vi lng d dung
dch HNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung
dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mui khan. Kh X l
A.N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.
21.10cd Cu 30: Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht ca ). Gi tr ca a l N
A.5,6. B. 11,2. C. 8,4. D. 11,0.
22.09cd Cu 4: Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc
dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt
l
A.8,10 v 5,43. B. 1,08 v 5,43. C. 0,54 v 5,16. D. 1,08 v 5,16.
23.09cd Cu 28: Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long,
thu c dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh
ha nu trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un
nng, khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A.19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
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24.09cd Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Zn vo mt dung dch axit X. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch NaOH (d) vo Y, un nng thu c kh khng
mu T. Axit X l
A.H2SO4 c. B. HNO3. C. H3PO4. D. H2SO4 long.
25.Cd08Cu 9: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn
hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u
l
A.8,60 gam. B. 20,50 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,40 gam.
26.Cd08Cu 14: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung
dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra
y mol kh N2O (sn phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A.x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
27.Cd08Cu 43: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A.N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.
28.11b Cu 22: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30
ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,5M v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a
mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn
hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l
A.2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
29.11b Cu 33: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm
CO, CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn
Y. Ho tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l
A.57,15%. B. 14,28%. C. 28,57%. D. 18,42%.
30.10b Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi
gian thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c
0,672 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A.0,12. B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
31.10b Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H2SO4, H2S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H2S c pH ln
nht.
B. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO4, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3, thu c kt ta trng.
32.10b Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn
li gm cc cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A.48,52%. B. 42,25%. C. 39,76%. D. 45,75%.
33.10b Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho:
P
2
O
5
+KOH
X Y
H
3
PO
4
Z
+KOH

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4. B. KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4.
C. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4. D. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4.
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34.10b Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4
(long). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.6,72. B. 8,96. C. 4,48. D. 10,08.
35.09b Cu 25: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long,
un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 151,5. B. 137,1. C. 97,5. D. 108,9.
36.09b Cu 30: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 2,24. D. 17,8 v 4,48.
37.09b Cu 49: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. KH2PO4 v K3PO4. B. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4.
C. KH2PO4 v H3PO4. D. K3PO4 v KOH.
38.09b Cu 55: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng
v s mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,06 v 0,01. C. 0,03 v 0,01. D. 0,06 v 0,02.
39.09b Cu 59: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c,
nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh
NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm
v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A.21,95% v 2,25. B. 78,05% v 2,25. C. 21,95% v 0,78. D. 78,05% v
0,78.
40.08b Cu 16: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi
lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
41.08b Cu 26: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn
ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c,
ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr
ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
42.08b Cu 41: Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc
cht:
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4. B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4. C. K3PO4, KOH. D. H3PO4, KH2PO4.
43.08b Cu 46: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt
hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO) A. 1,0
lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
44.07b Cu 12: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
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45.07b Cu 40: Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch
HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M
v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l
A.V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
46.11a Cu 8: Trong cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF. (2) Cho kh SO2 tc dng vi kh H2S. (3) Cho kh NH3
tc dng vi CuO un nng. (4) Cho CaOCl2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c. (5) Cho Si n
cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. (6) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi Ag. (7) Cho dung dch NH4Cl
tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2 un nng. S th nghim to ra n cht l
A.7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
47.11a Cu 12: Khi so snh NH3 vi NH4+, pht biu khng ng l:
A. Phn t NH3 v ion NH4+ u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
B. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c s oxi ha 3.
C. NH3 c tnh baz, NH4+ c tnh axit.
D. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c cng ha tr 3.
48.11a Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo. (2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 (long, d). (4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3. (5) Cho Fe
vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d). C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
49.10a Cu 15: Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO (k),
(3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy
ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (2), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
50.10a Cu 51: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) 25oC. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi
cn bng mi nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2
A.tng 9 ln. B. tng 3 ln. C. tng 4,5 ln. D. gim 3 ln.
51.09a Cu 49: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Phn ln cung cp nit ho hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (NO3-) v ion amoni (NH4+).
B. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3.
C. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK.
D. Phn ur c cng thc l (NH4)2CO3.
52.08a Cu 39: Cho Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha
hc), thy thot ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A.amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
53.08a Cu 40: Cho cc phn ng sau:

(1) Cu(NO
3
)
2
t
o
;(2) NH
4
NO
2
t
o
t
o
t
o
t
o
;(3) NH
3
+ O
2
(4) NH
3
+ Cl
2
;(5) NH
4
Cl ;(6) NH
3
+ CuO
850
0
c,Pt

Cc phn ng u to kh N2 l:
A.(2), (4), (6). B. (3), (5), (6). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (5).
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54.07a Cu 4: Trong phng th nghim, iu ch mt lng nh kh X tinh khit, ngi ta un
nng dung dch amoni nitrit bo ho. Kh X l
A.NO. B. NO2. C. N2O. D. N2.
55.07a Cu 22: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,
FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn
ng oxi ho - kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
56.07a Cu 25: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b
mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l
A.Fe. B. CuO. C. Al. D. Cu.
57.07a Cu 30: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn
ng gia Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.10. B. 11. C. 8. D. 9.
58.07a Cu 55: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch
KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l
A.4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
59.Cd11Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng
vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui l:
A.Cu, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Al, Cr. C. Cu, Pb, Ag. D. Fe, Mg, Al.
60.Cd11Cu 14: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4; (2) Sc kh
H2S vo dung dch CuSO4; (3) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3; (4) Sc kh CO2 (d)
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2; (5) Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3; (6) Nh
t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l
A.5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
61.Cd11Cu 17: nhn ra ion NO3 trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung
dch vi
A. kim loi Cu. B. dung dch H2SO4 long.
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4. D. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long.
62.10cd Cu 6: Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn
hp gm HCl v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A.(1), (3), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
63.10cd Cu 28: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch
NH3 n d vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung
dch mu xanh thm. Cht X l
A.FeO. B. Cu. C. CuO. D. Fe.
64.10cd Cu 43: Thuc th dng phn bit dung dch NH4NO3 vi dung dch (NH4)2SO4 l
A. ng(II) oxit v dung dch NaOH. B. ng(II) oxit v dung dch HCl.
C. dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl. D. kim loi Cu v dung dch HCl.
65.10cd Cu 44: Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn hon ton AgNO3 l:
A.Ag2O, NO, O2. B. Ag2O, NO2, O2. C. Ag, NO, O2. D. Ag, NO2, O2.
66.09cd Cu 44: Phn bn nitrophotka (NPK) l hn hp ca
A. (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3. B. NH4H2PO4 v KNO3
. C. (NH4)3PO4 v KNO3. D. (NH4)2HPO4 v NaNO3
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67.Cd08Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht
trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
68.Cd08Cu 29: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch
HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim loi M l
A.Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.
69.09b Cu 57: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?
A. KCl. B. NH4NO3. C. NaNO3. D. K2CO3
70.08b Cu 14: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
A. 2KNO3
t
o
2KNO2 + O2. B. NH4NO2
t
o
N2 + 2H2O.
C. NH4Cl
t
o
NH3 + HCl. D. NaHCO3
t
o
NaOH + CO2.
71.08b Cu 17: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca3(PO4)2. B. NH4H2PO4. C. Ca(H2PO4)2. D. CaHPO4.
72.08b Cu 23: Cho cn bng ho hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); phn ng thun l phn
ng to nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi
A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nng N2.
C. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc Fe.
73.08b Cu 31: Cho cc phn ng sau:
H2S + O2 (d)
t
o
Kh X + H2O ;
NH3 + O2
t
o
,Pt
Kh Y + H2O ;
NH4HCO3 + HCl long Kh Z + NH4Cl + H2O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l:
A. SO3, NO, NH3. B. SO2, N2, NH3. C. SO2, NO, CO2. D. SO3, N2, CO2
74.08b Cu 52: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH3, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi
Cu(OH)2 l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
75.07b Cu 23: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
76.12a: Mt loi phn kali c thnh phn chnh l KCl (cn li l cc tp cht khng cha kali)
c sn xut t qung xinvinit c dinh dng 55%. Phn trm khi lng ca KCl trong loi
phn kali l
A. 95,51%. B. 87,18%. C. 65,75%. D. 88,52%.
77.Cd12Thnh phn chnh ca phn bn phc hp amophot l
A. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4. B. NH4NO3 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
C. NH4H2PO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2. D. Ca3(PO4)2 v (NH4)2HPO4.
78.Cd12Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to thnh kh X; nhit phn tinh th KNO3
to thnh kh Y; cho tinh th KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c to thnh kh Z. Cc kh X,
Y v Z ln lt l
A. Cl2, O2 v H2S B. H2, O2 v Cl2. C. SO2, O2 v Cl2. D. H2, NO2 v
Cl2.
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79.Cd12Cho 1,42 gam P2O5 tc dng hon ton vi 50 ml dung dch KOH 1M, thu c dung
dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c cht rn khan gm
A. H3PO4 v KH2PO4. B. K3PO4 v KOH.
C. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4. D. K2HPO4 v K3PO4.
80.12b Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); H = 92 kJ. Hai bin php u
lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun l
A. gim nhit v gim p sut. B. tng nhit v tng p sut.
C. gim nhit v tng p sut. D. tng nhit v gim p sut.
81.12a: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c nng
d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y
vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 38,08. B. 11,2. C. 24,64. D. 16,8.
82.12b: t 5,6 gam Fe trong khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch cha m gam
mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,0. B. 22,4. C. 15,6. D. 24,2.
83.Cd12Ha tan hon ton 8,9 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn bng lng va 500 ml dung dch
HNO3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 1,008 lt kh N2O (ktc) duy nht v dung
dch X cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,10 B. 31,32 C. 34,32 D. 33,70
84.12b Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS2 trong 200 ml dung dch HNO3 4M, sn phm thu c
gm dung dch X v mt cht kh thot ra. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a m gam Cu. Bit trong
cc
qu trnh trn, sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 u l NO. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,8. B. 6,4. C. 9,6. D. 3,2.
85.12b Ho tan Au bng nc cng toan th sn phm kh l NO; ho tan Ag trong dung dch
HNO3 c th sn phm kh l NO2. s mol NO2 bng s mol NO th t l s mol Ag v Au
tng ng l
A. 1 : 2. B. 3 : 1. C. 1 : 1. D. 1 : 3.
86.12b Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung dch HNO3
1,5M,
thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm NO v N2O. T khi ca
X so vi H2 l 16,4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
87.07b Cu 38: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2. B. HNO3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.

CHUYN 4 MUI
Phn 1 TM TT L THUYT
I MI QUAN H GIA CC LOI HP CHT V C:

OXIT BAZ
OXIT AXIT
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II CC LOI HP CHT V C:
1. OXIT
a) nh ngha: Oxit l hp cht gm 2 nguyn t, trong c mt nguyn t l oxi.
Vd: CaO, SO
2
, CO, Na
2
O, Fe
3
O
4
, P
2
O
5
,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh cht ha hc OXI T AXI T OXIT BAZ
1. Tc dng vi
nc
Mt s oxit axit (SO
2
, CO
2
, N
2
O
5
,
P
2
O
5
, ) + nc dd axit
Vd: CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
CO
3
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4

Mt s oxit baz (Na
2
O, BaO, CaO,
K
2
O, ) + nc dd baz
Vd: Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
Cc oxit baz nh: MgO, CuO,
Al
2
O
3
, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, khng tc
dng vi nc.
2. Tc dng vi
axit
< Khng phn ng >
Oxit baz + axit mui + nc
Vd: CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
CaO + H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ H
2
O
3. Tc dng vi dd
baz (kim)
Oxit axit + dd baz mui + nc
Vd: SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+
H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ H
2
O
< Khng phn ng >
4. Tc dng vi
oxit axit
< Khng phn ng >
Oxit baz + oxit axit mui
Vd: BaO + CO
2
BaCO
3

5. Tc dng vi
oxit baz
Oxit axit + oxit baz mui
Vd: MgO + SO
3
MgSO
4

< Khng phn ng >
2. AXIT
a) nh ngha: Axit l hp cht m phn t gm c mt hay nhiu nguyn t H lin kt vi gc
axit. Vd: HCl, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi cht ch th:
Dd axit lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu .
2. Tc dng vi kim loi:
Mt s dd axit (HCl, H
2
SO
4
long) + cc kim
loi ng trc H (trong dy HHH ca kim
3. Tc dng vi oxit baz:
Axit + oxit baz mui + nc
Vd: CaO + H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ H
2
O
4. Tc dng vi baz:
Axit + baz mui + nc (phn ng trung
BAZ
AXIT
MUI
+ Axit
+ Oxit axit
+ Mui
+ Kim loi
+ Baz
+ Oxit baz
+ Mui
+ Axit
+ Oxit axit
+ Baz
+ Oxit baz

+ Baz
+ H
2
O
+ H
2
O
+ Axit
Nhit
phn
hy
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loi) mui + H
2

Vd: 2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
long Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+3H
2

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2

H
2
SO
4
c v HNO
3
tc dng vi hu ht
cc kim loi to mui nhng khng gii phng
kh H
2
.
Vd: Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
c CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
c c tnh ho nc.
ha)
Vd: 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O
5. Tc dng vi mui:
Axit + mui mui mi + axit mi
Vd: H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl
2HCl + Na
2
CO
3
2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi
c cht khng tan hoc cht kh.
Sn xut axit sunfuric: Qua cc qu trnh sau:
S + O
2
SO
2
; 2SO
2
+ O
2
2SO
3
; SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

3. BAZ
a) nh ngha: Baz l hp cht m phn t gm c mt nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi mt hay
nhiu nhm hiroxit (OH). Vd: KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi cht ch th: Dd baz lm giy
qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh, dd
phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu .
2. Tc dng vi oxit axit:
Dd baz + oxit axit mui + nc
Vd: Ca(OH)
2
+ SO
3
CaSO
4
+ H
2
O
3. Tc dng vi axit:
Baz + axit mui + nc (phn ng trung
ha)
Vd: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
4. Tc dng vi mui:
Dd baz + dd mui mui mi + baz mi
Vd: Ba(OH)
2
+ CuSO
4
BaSO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2

3NaOH + FeCl
3
Fe(OH)
3


+ 3NaCl
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi
c cht khng tan.
5. Phn ng nhit phn:
Baz khng tan oxit baz + nc
Vd: Cu(OH)
2
CuO + H
2
O
Sn xut natri hiroxit:
2NaCl + H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2


+ H
2

c) Thang pH: Dng biu th axit hoc baz ca mt dung dch:
pH =7: trung tnh ; pH <7: tnh axit ; pH >7: tnh baz
4. MUI
a) nh ngha: Mui l hp cht m phn t c mt hay nhiu nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi mt
hay nhiu gc axit. Vd: NaCl, MgSO
4
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, BaCO
3
,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi kim loi:
Mui + kim loi mui mi + kim loi
mi
Vd: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
Lu : Kim loi ng trc (tr K, Na, Ca,
) y kim loi ng sau (trong dy HHH
ca kim loi) ra khi dung dch mui ca chng.
2. Tc dng vi axit:
Mui + axit mui mi + axit mi
3. Tc dng vi baz:
Dd mui + dd baz mui mi + baz
mi
Vd: CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi
c cht khng tan.
4. Tc dng vi mui:
Mui + mui 2 mui mi
Vd: NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + NaNO
3

iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi
c cht khng tan.
t
0
V
2
O
5

t
0

t
0

t
0

in phn
c mng ngn
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Vd: BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi
c cht khng tan hoc cht kh.
5. Phn ng nhit phn hy:
Mt s mui b phn hy nhit cao:
Vd: CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2

c) Phn ng trao i:
- nh ngha: L phn ng ha hc, trong hai hp cht tham gia phn ng trao i vi nhau
nhng thnh phn cu to ca chng to ra nhng hp cht mi.
Vd: BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + NaNO
3

- iu kin phn ng trao i xy ra: Phn ng trao i trong dung dch ca cc cht ch xy ra
nu sn phm to thnh c cht khng tan hoc cht kh.
Lu : Phn ng trung ha cng l phn ng trao i v lun xy ra.
Vd: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O

Phn 2 BI TP
Cc bi ton vn dng s mol trung bnh v xc nh khong s mol ca cht.
1/ i vi cht kh. (hn hp gm c 2 kh)
Khi lng trung bnh ca 1 lit hn hp kh ktc:
M
TB
=
V
V M V M
4 , 22
2 1 2 1
+

Khi lng trung bnh ca 1 mol hn hp kh ktc:
M
TB
=
V
V M V M
2 2 1 1
+

Hoc: M
TB
=
n
n n M n M ) (
1 2 1 1
+
(n l tng s mol kh trong hn hp)
Hoc: M
TB
=
1
) 1 (
1 2 1 1
x M x M +
(x
1
l % ca kh th nht)
Hoc: M
TB
= d
hh/kh x
. M
x

2/ i vi cht rn, lng. M
TB ca hh
=
hh
hh
n
m

Tnh cht 1:
M
TB ca hh
c gi tr ph thuc vo thnh phn v lng cc cht thnh phn trong hn hp.
Tnh cht 2:
M
TB ca hh
lun nm trong khong khi lng mol phn t ca cc cht thnh phn nh nht v
ln nht.
M
min
< n
hh
< M
max

t
0

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Tnh cht 3:
Hn hp 2 cht A, B c M
A
< M
B
v c thnh phn % theo s mol l a(%) v b(%)
Th khong xc nh s mol ca hn hp l.
B
B
M
m
< n
hh
<
A
A
M
m

Gi s A hoc B c % = 100% v cht kia c % = 0 hoc ngc li.
Lu :
- Vi bi ton hn hp 2 cht A, B (cha bit s mol) cng tc dng vi 1 hoc c 2 cht X, Y (
bit s mol). bit sau phn ng ht A, B hay X, Y cha. C th gi thit hn hp A, B ch
cha 1 cht A hoc B
- Vi M
A
< M
B
nu hn hp ch cha A th:
n
A
=
A
hh
M
m
> n
hh
=
hh
hh
M
m

Nh vy nu X, Y tc dng vi A m cn d, th X, Y s c d tc dng ht vi hn hp A, B
- Vi M
A
< M
B
, nu hn hp ch cha B th:
n
B
=
B
hh
M
m
< n
hh
=
hh
hh
M
m

Nh vy nu X, Y tc dng cha vi B th cng khng tc dng ht vi hn hp A, B.
Ngha l sau phn ng X, Y ht, cn A, B d.
A- Ton hn hp mui cacbonat
Bi 1: Cho 5,68g hn hp gm CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
ho tan vo dung dch HCl d, kh CO
2
thu c
cho hp th hon ton bi 50ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,9M to ra 5,91g kt ta. Tnh khi lng v
thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp.
p s: m
MgCO
3
= 1,68g v m
CaCO
3
= 4g
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 27,4g hn hp gm M
2
CO
3
v MHCO
3
(M l kim loi kim) bng 500ml
dung dch HCl 1M thy thot ra 6,72 lit kh CO
2
(ktc). trung ho axit d phi dng 50ml dung
dch NaOH 2M.
a/ Xc nh 2 mui ban u.
b/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
p s:
a/ M l Na ---> 2 mui l Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3

b/ %Na
2
CO
3
= 38,6% v %NaHCO
3

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Bi 3: Ho tan 8g hn hp A gm K
2
CO
3
v MgCO
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
d, kh sinh ra c sc
vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, thu c m(g) kt ta.
Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp A m t gi tr cc tiu(nh nht)
v cc i(ln nht).
p s:
- Khi lng kt ta l cc tiu(nh nht) khi CO
2
l cc i. Tc l %K
2
CO
3
= 0% v
%MgCO
3
= 100%.
- Khi lng kt ta l cc i(ln nht) khi
n
CO
2
=
n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,06 mol. Tc l %K
2
CO
3
=
94,76% v %MgCO
3
= 5,24%.
Bi 4: Cho 4,2g mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II. Ho tan vo dung dch HCl d, th c kh
thot ra. Ton b lng kh c hp th vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,46M thu c 8,274g
kt ta. Tm cng thc ca mui v kim loi ho tr II.
p s:
- TH
1
khi Ba(OH)
2
d, th cng thc ca mui l: CaCO
3
v kim loi ho tr II l Ca.
- TH
2
khi Ba(OH)
2
thiu, th cng thc ca mui l MgCO
3
v kim loi ho tr II l Mg.
Bi 5: Ho tan ht 4,52g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi A, B k tip nhu trong
phn nhm chnh nhm II bng 200ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch C
v 1,12 lit kh D (ktc).
a/ Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B.
b/ Tnh tng khi lng ca mui to thnh trong dung dch C.
c/ Ton b lng kh D thu c trn c hp th hon ton bi 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
:
- Thu c 1,97g kt ta.
- Thu c lng kt ta ln nht, nh nht.
p s:
a/ 2 kim loi l Mg v Ca
b/ m
mui
= 5,07g
c/ - TH
1
: 0,15M
- TH
2
: khi kt ta thu c ln nht l 0,25M.
- TH
3
: khi kt ta thu c nh nht l 0,125M.
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Bi 6: Cho 10,8g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d, thu c 23,64g kt ta. Tm cng thc ca
2 mui trn v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
%MgCO
3
= 58,33% v %CaCO
3
= 41,67%.
Bi 7: Ho tan hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
vo nc thnh 400 ml dung dch A. Cho t t 100 ml
dung dch HCl 1,5M vo dung dch A ng thi khuy u, khi phn ng kt thc ta c dung
dch B v 1,008 lt kh ( ktc). Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d c 29,55g
kt ta. Tnh khi lng cc cht c trong hn hp ban u. Nu cho t t dung dch A vo bnh
ng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M th thu c th tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l bao nhiu?
HDG:
a, t x, y ln lt l s mol ca 2 mui Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
(x, y > 0)
Ta c PTP:
Giai on 1: NaCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + NaHCO
3

( 1 )

Mol: x x x x
Nh vy: ) (
3
mol y x HCO
n
+ =

; Theo PT (1) th
n
NaHCO
3
=
n
Na
2
CO
3
= x (mol)
Gi a, b l s mol ca HCO
3

tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(OH)


2

Giai on 2: HCO
3


+ HCl

Cl

+ H
2
O + CO
2

( 2 )

Mol: a a a a
Theo bi ra:
n
HCl = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 ( mol )

n
HCl
( P 2 )
=
n
CO
2
= a =
4 , 22
008 , 1
= 0,045 ( mol )

n
Na
2
CO
3

( b )
=
n
HCl
( P 1 )
= 0,15 0,045 = 0,105 (mol)
Sau phn ng (1) th ton b Na
2
CO
3
chuyn thnh NaHCO
3
. Khi cho dung dch B tc dng vi
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d xy ra phn ng sau:
HCO
3



+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ OH

+ H
2
O
( 3 )

Mol : b b b b

n
BaCO
3
= b =
197
55 , 29
= 0,15 ( mol )
Vy
n
HCO
3

( P )
= a + b = x + y = 0,045 + 0,15 = 0,195 (mol)

n
KHCO
3

( b )
= 0,195 0,105 = 0,09 (mol)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u:
m
Na
2
CO
3
= 0,105 . 106 = 11,13g
m
KHCO
3
= 0,09 . 100 = 9g
b/ Khi cho dung dch A vo bnh cha dung dch HCl 1,5M th xy ra phn ng
*Nu c 2 phn ng xy ra ng thi th ta thy phng trnh (4) nu gii phng 1 mol kh
CO
2
cn 2 mol HCl ,gp i s mol HCl dng cho phn ng (5).
t z l s mol HCl tham gia phn ng (5); th s mol HCl tham gia phn ng (4) l 2z (mol)
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 4 )

KHCO
3
+ HCl KCl + H
2
O

+ CO
2

( 5 )

Theo PTP ta c: 2z + z = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mol) z = 0,05 ( mol ). S mol CO
2
thot ra l: 0,1 (
mol )
*Nu phn ng ( 4 ) xy ra trc: ta c 2z = 0,15 ( mol ) z = 0,075 (mol); m s mol ca
Na
2
CO
3
= 0,105( mol ) > 0,075.Vy nn axt phi phn ng ht,nn s mol kh CO
2
thot ra l
0,075 (mol)
*Nu phn ng (5) xy ra trc: ta c z = 0,09 ( mol ) z = 0,09 (mol); m s mol ca HCl =
0,15 (mol).Vy s mol HCl cn d = 0,15 0,09 = 0,06 (mol) s tip tc tham gia phn ng (4)
.Khi 2z = 0,06 (mol) z = 0,03 (mol). Vy tng s mol CO
2
thot ra l:
n
CO
2
= 0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 (mol)
kt hp cc d kin ta c: 0,075 ( mol ) <
n
CO
2
< 0,12(mol)
Hay 1,68 ( lt ) < V
CO
2
< 2,688 (lt)
Bi 8: Cho 28,1g qung lmt gm MgCO
3
; BaCO
3
(%MgCO
3
= a%) vo dung dch HCl d thu
c V (lt) CO
2
( ktc).
a/ Xc nh V (lt).
b/ Sc V (lt) CO
2
va thu c vo dung dch nc vi trong. Tnh khi lng kt ta ti a thu
c bit s mol Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2 (mol) v khi lng ca mi cht c trong hn hp ban u.
Hng dn:
a/ Theo bi ra ta c PTHH:
MgCO
3
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(1)
x(mol) x(mol)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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BaCO
3
+ 2HCl BaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(2)
y(mol) y(mol)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (3)
0,2(mol) 0,2(mol) 0,2(mol)
CO
2
+ CaCO
3
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(4)
Gi s hn hp ch c MgCO
3
.Vy
m
BaCO
3
= 0
S mol:
n
MgCO
3
=
84
1 , 28
= 0,3345 (mol)
Nu hn hp ch ton l BaCO
3
th
m
MgCO
3
= 0
S mol:
n
BaCO
3
=
197
1 , 28
= 0,143 (mol)
Theo PT (1) v (2) ta c s mol CO
2
gii phng l:
0,143 (mol) s
n
CO
2
s 0,3345 (mol)
Vy th tch kh CO
2
thu c ktc l: 3,2 (lt) s V
CO
2
s 7,49 (lt)
b/ Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
*Nu s mol ca CO
2
l: 0,143 ( mol ), th ch c PTP (3) xy ra v d Ca(OH)
2
, theo PTP th
n
CaCO
3
=
n
CO
2
= 0,143 (mol).
Vy khi lng kt ta thu c l:
m
CaCO
3
= 0,143 . 100 = 1,43g
*Nu s mol ca CO
2
l: 0,3345 (mol), th c c P (3) v (4), theo PTP ta c: S mol CO
2
tham
gia P (3) l:
n
CO
2
=
n
Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2 (mol). Vy s mol CO
2
d l: 0,3345 0,2 = 0,1345 (mol).
Tip tc tham gia P (4) khi :
S mol ca CaCO
3
to ra (3) l:
n
CaCO
3
=
n
Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2 (mol).
S mol ca CaCO
3
P (4) l:
n
CaCO
3
=
n
CO
2 ( d )
= 0,1345 (mol)
Vy sau P (4) s mol ca CaCO
3
cn li l: 0,2 0,1345 = 0,0655 (mol)
Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
m
CaCO
3
= 0,0655 . 100 = 6,55g
* thu c kt ta ti a th
n
CO
2
=
n
Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2 (mol).
Vy
n
CaCO
3
=
n
Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2(mol)
Khi lng ca CaCO
3
l:
m
CaCO
3
= 0,2 . 100 = 20g
t x,y ln lt l s mol ca MgCO
3
v BaCO
3

Theo bi ra v PT (3) ta c:
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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x + y = 0,2 (*) x = 0,1(mol)
Gii h PT (*) v (**) ta c:
84x + 197y = 28,1 (**) y = 0,1(mol)
Vy khi lng ca mi cht c trong hn hp ban u l:
m
MgCO
3
= 0,1 . 84 = 8,4g
m
BaCO
3
= 0,1 .197 = 19,7g
Bi 9: Khi thm t t v khuy u 0,8 lit dd HCl 0,5 M vo dd cha 35g hn hp A gm 2 mui
Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
th c 2,24 lit kh CO
2
thot ra ( ktc) v dd D. Thm dd Ca(OH)
2
c d vo
dd D thu c kt ta B.
a/ Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp A v khi lng kt ta B.
b/ Thm m (g) NaHCO
3
vo hn hp A c hn hp A
/
. Tin hnh th nghim tng t nh trn,
th tch dd HCl 0,5M thm vo vn l 0,8 lit, dd thu c l dd D
/
. Khi thm Ca(OH)
2
d vo dd D
/

c kt ta B
/
nng 30 g. Tnh V (lit) kh CO
2
thot ra ( ktc) v m (g).
Hng dn gii:
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
.
Theo bi ra: S mol HCl = 0,4 mol
Giai on 1:
HCl + Na
2
CO
3
NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (1)
HCl + K
2
CO
3
KHCO
3
+ KCl (2)
Sau phn ng (1 v 2) S mol HCl cn li l: 0,4 (x + y) tip tc tham gia phn ng
Giai on 2:
HCl + NaHCO
3
NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2
(3)
HCl + KHCO
3
KCl + H
2
O + CO
2
(4)
Theo bi ra ta c: S mol CO
2
= 0,1 mol.
Theo PTP ( 3 v 4 ) th: S mol HCl
( p )
= S mol CO
2
= 0,1 mol.
Khi thm dd Ca(OH)
2
d vo dd D thu c kt ta B , chng t HCl tham gia phn ng ht.
Trong D ch cha Mui clo rua v mui hir cacbonat (cn li sau phn ng 3 v 4)
Theo PTP:
NaHCO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ NaOH + H
2
O (5)
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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KHCO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ KOH + H
2
O (6)
T cc PT (1, 2, 3, 4) ta c: x + y = 0,3 (I)
Theo bi ra ta c: 106 x + 138 y = 35 (II)
Gii h PT (I) v (II): ta c x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1.
Khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u l: m
Na
2
CO
3
= 21,2 g ; m
K
2
CO
3
= 13,8 g
Theo PT (5,6) S mol CaCO
3
= S mol (NaKHO
3
+ KHCO
3
) cn li sau phn ng (3,4)
Theo PT (3,4) S mol NaHCO
3
+ KHCO
3
phn ng = S mol CO
2
gii phng = 0,1 mol
Vy s mol NaHCO
3
+ KHCO
3
cn li l: 0,3 0,1 = 0,2 mol
Khi lng CaCO
3
to thnh l: 0,2 x 100 = 20 g
b/ khi thm m(g) NaHCO
3
vo hn hp A
giai on 1: ch c Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
phn ng nn s mol ca HCl vn l: x + y = 0,3 mol
s mol HCl phn ng giai on 2 vn l: 0,1 mol
Do s mol CO
2
vn l 0,1 mol. Vy V
CO
2
= 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24 lit
Nu gi s mol ca NaHCO
3
thm vo l b (mol)
Th tng s mol NaHCO
3
+ KHCO
3
cn li sau giai on 2 l: (0,2 + b) mol
Theo bi ra ta c: 0,2 + b = 30 : 100 = 0,3. Vy b = 0,1 (mol)
Khi lng NaHCO
3
thm vo l: 0,1 x 84 = 8,4 g
Bi 10: Cho 38,2g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi ho tr I tc dng va
vi dung dch axit HCl th thu c 6,72 lit CO
2
(ktc).
a/ Tm tng khi lng 2 mui thu c sau phn ng.
b/ Tm 2 kim loi trn, bit 2 kim loi ny lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm I.
p s:
a/ m
hh mui
= 41,5g.
b/ 2 kim loi trn l Na v K.
Bi 11: Mt hn hp X gm Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
c khi lng l 10,5g. Khi cho hn hp X tc
dng vi HCl d th thu c 2,016 lit kh CO
2
(ktc).
a/ Xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp X.
b/ Ly 21g hn hp X vi thnh phn nh trn cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl va (khng c
kh thot ra). Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng.
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p s:
a/ %Na
2
CO
3
= 60,57% v %K
2
CO
3
= 39,43%.
Bi 12: Cho 7,2g hn hp A gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II. Cho A ho tan ht trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c kh B, cho ton b kh B
hp th ht bi 450ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui
cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca chng tronh hn hp.
p s:
TH
1
: Ba(OH)
2
d --> 2 mui l: MgCO
3
v CaCO
3

%MgCO
3
= 58,33% v %CaCO
3
= 41,67%
TH
2
: Ba(OH)
2
thiu --> 2 mui l: MgCO
3
v BeCO
3

%MgCO
3
= 23,33% v %BeCO
3
= 76,67%
Bi 13: Cho 9,2g hn hp A gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II. Ho tan hon ton hn hp a trong dung dch HCl thu c kh B, cho ton b kh
B hp th ht bi 550ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M thu c 19,7g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui
cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca chng trong hn hp u.
p s:
TH
1
: Ba(OH)
2
d --> 2 mui l: MgCO
3
v CaCO
3

%MgCO
3
= 45,65% v %CaCO
3
= 54,35%
TH
2
: Ba(OH)
2
thiu --> 2 mui l: MgCO
3
v BeCO
3

%MgCO
3
= 44% v %BeCO
3
= 56%
Bi 14: Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon, c khi
lng l 8,5g. Cho X phn ng ht vi nc cho ra 3,36 lit kh H
2
(ktc)
a/ Xc nh 2 kim loi v tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
b/ Thm vo 8,5g hn hp X trn, 1 kim loi kim th D c hn hp Y, cho Y tc dng vi nc
thu c dung dch E v 4,48 lit kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch E ta c cht rn Z c khi
lng l 22,15g. Xc nh D v khi lng ca D.
c/ trung ho dung dch E trn cn bao nhiu lt dung dch F cha HCl 0,2M v H
2
SO
4
0,1M.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
p s:
a/ m
Na
= 4,6g v m
K
= 3,9g.
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b/ kim loi D l Ba. --> m
Ba
= 6,85g.
c/ S mol BaSO
4
= s mol Ba(OH)
2
= s mol Ba = 0,05mol.
---> khi lng ca BaSO
4
= 0,05 . 233 = 11,65g.
Bi 15: Ho tan 23g mt hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau
trong bng tun hon vo nc thu c dung dch D v 5,6 lit H
2
(ktc).
a/ Nu trung ho 1/2 dung dch D cn bao nhiu ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M? C cn dung dch thu
c sau khi trung ho th c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b/ Nu thm 180ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,5M vo dung dch D th cha kt ta ht c Ba(OH)
2
.
Nu thm 210ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,5M vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng cn d
Na
2
SO
4
. Xc nh 2 kim loi kim trn.
p s:
a/ m
hh mui
= 23,75g
b/ 2 kim loi kim l Na v K.
B- Ton hn hp mui halogen.
Cn nh:
- halogen ng trn y c halogen ng di ra khi mui.
- Tt c halogen u tan tr: AgCl, AgBr, AgI.
- Hin nhin: AgF tan.

Bi 1: Mt hn hp 3 mui NaF, NaCl, NaBr nng 4,82g. Ho tan hon ton trong nc c dung
dch A. Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch A ri c cn, thu c 3,93g mui khan. Ly mt na lng
mui khan ny ho tan trong nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d, thu c 4,305g kt
ta. Vit cc phn ng xy ra v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban
u.
Hng dn:
PTHH xy ra:
Cl
2
+ 2NaBr ---> 2NaCl + Br
2
(1)
z z mol
T PT (1) --> Trong 3,93g hn hp c cha x(mol) NaF v (y + z) mol NaCl.
Phn ng to kt ta:
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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AgNO
3
+ NaCl ----> NaNO
3
+ AgCl (2)

2
z y +

2
z y +
mol
Ta c h PT.
m
mui ban u
= 42x + 58,5y + 103z = 4,82 (I)
m
mui khan
= 42x + 58,5(y + z) = 3,93 (II)
S mol AgCl =
2
z y +
= 4,305 : 143,5 = 0,03 (III)
Gii h 3 phng trnh: x = 0,01, y = 0,04, z = 0,02
---> %NaCl = 48,5%; %NaBr = 42,7% v %NaF = 8,8%.
Bi 2: Dung dch A c cha 2 mui l AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
, trong nng ca AgNO
3
l 1M.
Cho 500ml dung dch A tc dng vi 24,05g mui gm KI v KCl, to ra c 37,85g kt ta v
dung dch B. Ngm mt thanh km vo trong dung dch B. Sau khi phn ng kt thc nhn thy
khi lng thanh kim loi km tng thm 22,15g.
a/ Xc nh thnh phn % theo s mol ca mui KI v KCl.
b/ Tnh khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong 500ml dung dch A.
p s:
a/ n
KI
= n
KCl
---> %n
KI
= %n
KCl
= 50%.
b/ S mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
= 0,5 mol ----> khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
= 94g.
Bi 3: Ho tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A v B( A, B l 2 kim loi thuc phn
nhm chnh nhm II) vo nc, c 100ml dung dch X. Ngi ta cho dung dch X tc dng va
vi dung dch AgNO
3
th thu c 17,22g kt ta. Lc kt ta thu c dung dch Y c th tch
l 200ml. C cn dung dch Y thu c m(g) hn hp mui khan.
a/ Tnh m?
b/ Xc nh CTHH ca 2 mui clorua. Bit t l KLNT A so vi B l 5 : 3 v trong mui ban u
c t l s phn t A i vi s phn t mui B l 1 : 3.
c/ Tnh nng mol/l ca cc mui trong dung dch X.
Hng dn:
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
t x, y l s mol ca mui ACl
2
v BCl
2

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Ta c: (M
A
+ 71).x + (M
B
+ 71)y = 5,94
S mol AgCl to ra = 2(x + y) = 17,22 : 143,5 = 0,12 mol ---> x + y = 0,06.
----> xM
A
+ yM
B
= 1,68
dd Y thu c gm x mol A(NO
3
)
2
v y mol B(NO
3
)
2
---> mui khan.
(M
A
+ 124)x + (M
B
+ 124)y = m
Thay cc gi tr ta c: m = 9,12g
b/ theo bi ra ta c:
M
A
: M
B
= 5 : 3
x : y = n
A
: n
B
= 1 : 3
x + y = 0,06
xM
A
+ yM
B
= 1,68
Gii h phng trnh ta c: M
A
= 40 v M
B
= 24.
Nng mol/l ca cc dung dch l:
C
M
(CaCl
2
) = 0,15M v C
M
(BaCl
2
) = 0,45M.
Bi 4: Chia 8,84 gam hn hp MCl v BaCl
2
thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Ho tan phn 1 vo nc ri
cho phn ng vi AgNO
3
d thu c 8,61g kt ta. em in phn nng chy phn 2 n hon
ton thu c V lit kh X ktc. Bit s mol MCl chim 80% s mol trong hn hp ban u.
a/ Xc nh kim loi M v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u.
b/ Tnh V?
Hng dn:
Gi s mol MCl v BaCl
2
trong 8,84g hn hp l 2x v 2y (mol)
Cc PTHH xy ra:
MCl + AgNO
3
---> AgCl + MNO
3

BaCl
2
+ 2AgNO
3
----> Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ 2AgCl
Phn 2:
2MCl -----> 2M + Cl
2

BaCl
2
------> Ba + Cl
2

Ta c: n
AgCl
= x + 2y = 8,61 : 143,5 = 0,06 mol
---> n
Cl
2
= (x + 2y) : 2 = 0,03 mol
Vy th tch kh Cl
2
thu c ktc l:
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V = 0,03 . 22,4 = 0,672 lit
- V MCl chim 80% tng s mol nn ta c: x = 4y ---> x = 0,04 v y = 0,01.
m
hh X
= (M + 35,5).2x + (137 + 71).2y = 8,84 ---> M = 23 v M c ho tr I, M l Na.
%NaCl = 52,94% v %BaCl
2
= 47,06%.
Bi 5: Mt hp cht ho hc c to thnh t kim loi ho tr II v phi kim ho tr I. Ho tan 9,2g
hp cht ny vo nc c 100ml dung dch. Chia dung dch ny thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Thm
mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
vo phn 1, thy to ra 9,4g kt ta. Thm mt lng d dung
dch Na
2
CO
3
vo phn 2, thu c 2,1g kt ta.
a/ Tm cng thc ho hc ca hp cht ban u.
b/ Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch pha ch.
Hng dn.
- t R l KHHH ca kim loi ho tr II v X l KHHH ca phi kim c ho tr I
- Ta c CTHH ca hp cht l: RX
2

- t 2a l s mol ca hp cht RX
2
ban u.
Ta c: 2a(M
R
+ 2M
X
) = 9,2 (g) ----> a.M
R
+ 2.a.M
X
= 4,6 (I)
- Vit cc PTHH xy ra:
- Phn 1: 2a(M
Ag
+ M
X
) = 216.a + 2.a.M
X
= 9,4 (II)
Hay 2.a.M
Ag
- a.M
R
= 216.a - a.M
R
= 9,4 4,6 = 4,8 (*)
- Phn 2: a(M
R
+ M
CO
3
) = a.M
R
+ 60.a = 2,1 (III)
Hay 2.a.M
X
- a.M
CO
3
= 2.a.M
X
60.a = 4,6 2,1 = 2,5 (**)
T (*) v (III) ---> 216.a + 60.a = 4,8 + 2,1 = 6,9 ---> a = 0,025.
Thay a = 0,025 vo (III) ---> M
R
= 24. Vy R l Mg
Thay vo (I) ---> M
X
= 80. Vy X l Br.
CTHH ca hp cht: MgBr
2

p s:
a/ Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht l MgBr
2

b/ Nng dung dch MgBr
2
l 0,5M.
Bi 6: Hn hp A gm 3 mui MgCl
2
, NaBr, KI. Cho 93,4g hn hp A tc dng vi 700ml dung
dch AgNO
3
2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch D v kt ta B, cho 22,4g bt Fe
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vo dung dch D. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c cht rn F v dung dch E. Cho F vo dung dch
HCl d to ra 4,48 lit H
2
(ktc). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch E thu c kt ta, nung
kt ta trong khng kh cho n khi lng khng i thu c 24g cht rn. Tnh khi lng kt
ta B.
Hng dn:
Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol MgCl
2
, NaBr, KI.
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
Dung dch D gm: Mg(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
, KNO
3
, v AgNO
3
cn d.
Kt ta B gm: AgCl, AgBr, AgI.
Rn F gm: Ag v Fe cn d.
Dung dch E: Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
, KNO
3
ch c Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
tham gia phn ng
vi dung dch NaOH d.
----> 24g rn sau khi nung l: Fe
2
O
3
v MgO. p s: m
B
= 179,6g.
Bi 7: Ho tan 104,25g hn hp cc mui NaCl v NaI vo nc. Cho kh clo i qua ri un
cn. Nung cht rn thu c cho n khi ht hi mu tm bay ra. B cht rn thu c sau khi nung
nng 58,5g. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp.
Hng dn:
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca NaCl v NaI
Khi sc kh clo vo th ton b mui NaI chuyn thnh mui NaCl.
Tng s mol mui NaCl sau phn ng l: (a + b) = 58,5 : 58,5 = 1 mol
v ta c: 58,5a + 150b = 104,25
Gii phng trnh ta c: a = 0,5 v b = 0,5
---> %m
NaCl
= (58,5 . 0,5 : 104,25 ) . 100% = 28,06%
v %m
NaI
= 100 28,06 = 71,94%
Bi 8: Cho 31,84g hn hp NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai halogen thuc 2 chu k lin tip) vo dung
dch AgNO
3
c d thu c 57,34g kt ta. Tm cng thc ca NaX v NaY v thnh phn % theo
khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
Hng dn:
Gi R l halogen tng ng ca X v Y.
Cng thc tng ng ca 2 mui NaX, NaY l Na R
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Na R + AgNO
3
---> Ag R + NaNO
3

C 1 mol kt ta Ag R nhiu hn 1 mol Na R l: 108 23 = 85g
Vy s mol Na R phn ng l: (57,34 31,84) : 85 = 0,3 mol
Ta c: Khi lng mol ca Na R l: 31,84 : 0,3 = 106,13
---> Khi lng mol ca R = 106,13 23 = 83,13.
Vy X l Br v Y l I.
---> %m
NaI
= 9,43% v %m
NaBr
= 90,57%
Bi 9: C hn hp gm NaI v NaBr. Ho tan hn hp vo nc ri cho brm d vo dung dch.
Sau khi phn ng thc hin xong, lm bay hi dung dc lm kh sn phm, th thy khi lng ca
sn phm nh hn khi lng hn hp 2 mui ban u l m(g). Li ho tan sn phm vo nc v
cho clo li qua cho n d, lm bay hi dung dch v lm kh, cht cn li ngi ta thy khi
lng cht thu c li nh hn khi lng mui phn ng l m(g). Tnh thnh phn % theo khi
lng ca NaBr trong hn hp ban u.
Hng dn;
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca NaBr v NaI.
Khi sc Br
2
vo trong dung dch th ch c NaI phn ng v ton b NaI chuyn thnh NaBr. Vy
tng s mol NaBr sau phn ng (1) l: (a + b) mol.
Sau phn ng (1) khi lng gim: m = m
I
- m
Br
= (127 - 80)b = 47b (*)
Tip tc sc Cl
2
vo trong dung dch th ch c NaBr phn ng v ton b NaBr chuyn thnh
NaCl. Vy tng s mol NaCl sau phn ng (2) l: (a + b) mol.
Sau phn ng (2) khi lng gim: m = m
Br
m
Cl
= (80 35,5)(a + b) = 44,5(a + b) (**)
T (*) v (**) ta c: b = 17,8a
Vy %m
NaBr
= (103a : (103a + 150b)) . 100% = 3,7%

CHUYN 5 OXIT
Tnh cht:
- Oxit baz tc dng vi dung dch axit.
- Oxit axit tc dng vi dung dch baz.
- Oxit lng tnh va tc dng vi dung dch axit, va tc dng dung dch baz.
- Oxit trung tnh: Khng tc dng c vi dung dch axit v dung dch baz.
Cch lm:
- Bc 1: t CTTQ
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- Bc 2: Vit PTHH.
- Bc 3: Lp phng trnh ton hc da vo cc n s theo cch t.
- Bc 4: Gii phng trnh ton hc.
- Bc 5: Tnh ton theo yu cu ca bi.
-
A - Ton oxit baz
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Cho 4,48g mt oxit ca kim loi ho tr tc dng ht 7,84g axit H
2
SO
4
. Xc nh cng thc
ca oxit trn. p s: CaO
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 1 gam oxit ca kim loi R cn dng 25ml dung dch hn hp gm axit
H
2
SO
4
0,25M v axit HCl 1M. Tm cng thc ca oxit trn. p s: Fe
2
O
3

Bi 3: C mt oxit st cha r cng thc, chia oxit ny lm 2 phn bng nhau.
a/ ho tan ht phn 1 cn dng150ml dung dch HCl 1,5M.
b/ Cho lung kh H
2
d i qua phn 2 nung nng, phn ng xong thu c 4,2g st.
Tm cng thc ca oxit st ni trn. p s: Fe
2
O
3

Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 20,4g oxit kim loi A, ho tr III trong 300ml dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
th
thu c 68,4g mui khan. Tm cng thc ca oxit trn.
Bi 5: ho tan hon ton 64g oxit ca kim loi ho tr III cn va 800ml dung dch axit
HNO
3
3M. Tm cng thc ca oxit trn.
Bi 6: Khi ho tan mt lng ca mt oxit kim loi ho tr II vo mt lng va dung dch axit
H
2
SO
4
4,9%, ngi ta thu c mt dung dch mui c nng 5,78%. Xc nh cng thc ca
oxit trn.
Hng dn:
t cng thc ca oxit l RO
PTHH: RO + H
2
SO
4
----> RSO
4
+ H
2
O
(M
R
+ 16) 98g (M
R
+ 96)g
Gi s ho tan 1 mol (hay M
R
+ 16)g RO
Khi lng dd RSO
4
(5,87%) = (M
R
+ 16) + (98 : 4,9).100 = M
R
+ 2016
C% =
2016
96
+
+
R
R
M
M
.100% = 5,87%
Gii phng trnh ta c: M
R
= 24, kim loi ho tr II l Mg.
p s: MgO
Bi 7: Ho tan hon ton mt oxit kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
14% va th thu
c mt dung dch mui c nng 16,2%. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit trn.
p s: MgO
B - Ton oxit axit

Bi tp 1: Cho t t kh CO
2
(SO
2
) vo dung dch NaOH(hoc KOH) th c cc PTHH xy ra:
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
( 1 )

Sau khi s mol

CO
2
= s mol NaOH th c phn ng.
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

( 2 )

Hng gii: xt t l s mol vit PTHH xy ra.
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t T =
2
CO
NaOH
n
n

- Nu T s 1 th ch c phn ng ( 2 ) v c th d CO
2
.
- Nu T > 2 th ch c phn ng ( 1 ) v c th d NaOH.
- Nu 1 < T < 2 th c c 2 phn ng ( 1 ) v ( 2 ) trn hoc c th vit nh sau:
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

( 1 ) /

tnh theo s mol ca CO
2
.
V sau : NaOH
d
+ NaHCO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
( 2 ) /

Hoc da vo s mol CO
2
v s mol NaOH hoc s mol Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
to thnh sau phn
ng lp cc phng trnh ton hc v gii.
t n x,y ln lt l s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
to thnh sau phn ng.

Bi tp p dng:
1/ Cho 1,68 lit CO
2
(ktc) sc vo bnh ng dd KOH d. Tnh nng mol/lit ca mui thu c
sau phn ng. Bit rng th tch dd l 250 ml.
2/ Cho 11,2 lit CO
2
vo 500ml dd NaOH 25% (d = 1,3g/ml). Tnh nng mol/lit ca dd mui to
thnh.
3/ Dn 448 ml CO
2
(ktc) sc vo bnh cha 100ml dd KOH 0,25M. Tnh khi lng mui to
thnh.
Bi tp 2: Cho t t kh CO
2
(SO
2
) vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(hoc Ba(OH)
2
) th c cc phn ng
xy ra:
Phn ng u tin to ra mui trung ho trc.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
( 1 )

Sau khi s mol CO
2
= 2 ln s mol ca Ca(OH)
2
th c phn ng
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

( 2 )

Hng gii : xt t l s mol vit PTHH xy ra:
t T =
2
2
) (OH Ca
CO
n
n

- Nu T s 1 th ch c phn ng ( 1 ) v c th d Ca(OH)
2
.
- Nu T > 2 th ch c phn ng ( 2 ) v c th d CO
2
.
- Nu 1 < T < 2 th c c 2 phn ng (1) v (2) trn hoc c th vit nh sau:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
( 1 )

tnh theo s mol ca Ca(OH)
2
.
CO
2 d
+ H
2
O + CaCO
3
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

( 2 ) !
Hoc da vo s mol CO
2
v s mol Ca(OH)
2
hoc s mol CaCO
3
to thnh sau phn ng lp
cc phng trnh ton hc v gii.
t n x, y ln lt l s mol ca CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
to thnh sau phn ng.

Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Ho tan 2,8g CaO vo nc ta c dung dch A.
a/ Cho 1,68 lit kh CO
2
hp th hon ton vo dung dch A. Hi c bao nhiu gam kt ta to
thnh.
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b/ Nu cho kh CO
2
sc qua dung dch A v sau khi kt thc th nghim thy c 1g kt ta th c
bao nhiu lt CO
2
tham gia phn ng. ( cc th tch kh o ktc )
p s:
a/
m
CaCO
3
= 2,5g
b/ TH
1
: CO
2
ht v Ca(OH)
2
d. ---> V
CO
2
= 0,224 lit
TH
2
: CO
2
d v Ca(OH)
2
ht ----> V
CO
2
= 2,016 lit
Bi 2:Dn 10 lt hn hp kh gm N
2
v CO
2
(ktc) sc vo 2 lit dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, thu
c 1g kt ta. Hy xc nh % theo th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp.
p s:
TH
1
: CO
2
ht v Ca(OH)
2
d. ---> V
CO
2
= 0,224 lit v % V
CO
2
= 2,24%
TH
2
: CO
2
d v Ca(OH)
2
ht ----> V
CO
2
= 1,568 lit v % V
CO
2
= 15,68%
Bi 3: Dn V lit CO
2
(ktc) vo 200ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M, thu c 10g kt ta. Tnh v.
p s:
TH
1
: CO
2
ht v Ca(OH)
2
d. ---> V
CO
2
= 2,24 lit.
TH
2
: CO
2
d v Ca(OH)
2
ht ----> V
CO
2
= 6,72 lit.
Bi 4: Cho m(g) kh CO
2
sc vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,05M, thu c 0,1g cht khng tan.
Tnh m.
p s:
TH
1
: CO
2
ht v Ca(OH)
2
d. --->
m
CO
2
= 0,044g
TH
2
: CO
2
d v Ca(OH)
2
ht ---->
m
CO
2
= 0,396g
Bi 5: Phi t bao nhiu gam cacbon khi cho kh CO
2
to ra trong phn ng trn tc dng vi
3,4 lit dung dch NaOH 0,5M ta c 2 mui vi mui hiro cacbonat c nng mol bng 1,4 ln
nng mol ca mui trung ho.
p s:
V th tch dung dch khng thay i nn t l v nng cng chnh l t l v s mol. ---> m
C
=
14,4g.
Bi 6: Cho 4,48 lit CO
2
(ktc) i qua 190,48ml dung dch NaOH 0,02% c khi lng ring l
1,05g/ml. Hy cho bit mui no c to thnh v khi lng lf bao nhiu gam.
p s: Khi lng NaHCO
3
to thnh l: 0,001.84 = 0,084g
Bi 7: Thi 2,464 lit kh CO
2
vo mt dung dch NaOH th c 9,46g hn hp 2 mui Na
2
CO
3
v
NaHCO
3
. Hy xc nh thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp 2 mui . Nu mun ch thu c
mui NaHCO
3
th cn thm bao nhiu lt kh cacbonic na.
p s: 8,4g NaHCO
3
v 1,06g Na
2
CO
3
. Cn thm 0,224 lit CO
2
.
Bi 8: t chy 12g C v cho ton b kh CO
2
to ra tc dng vi mt dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Vi
th tch no ca dung dch NaOH 0,5M th xy ra cc trng hp sau:
a/ Ch thu c mui NaHCO
3
(khng d CO
2
)?
b/ Ch thu c mui Na
2
CO
3
(khng d NaOH)?
c/ Thu c c 2 mui vi nng mol ca NaHCO
3
bng 1,5 ln nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
?
Trong trng hp ny phi tip tc thm bao nhiu lit dung dch NaOH 0,5M na c 2
mui c cng nng mol.
p s:
a/
n
NaOH =
n
CO
2
= 1mol ---> V
dd NaOH 0,5M
= 2 lit.
b/ n
NaOH
= 2n
CO
2
= 2mol ---> V
dd NaOH 0,5M
= 4 lit.
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c/
t a, b ln lt l s mol ca mui NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
.
Theo PTHH ta c:
n
CO
2
= a + b = 1mol (I)
V nng mol NaHCO
3
bng 1,5 ln nng mol Na
2
CO
3
nn.
V
a
= 1,5
V
b
---> a = 1,5b (II)
Gii h phng trnh (I, II) ta c: a = 0,6 mol, b = 0,4 mol
n
NaOH
= a + 2b = 0,6 + 2 x 0,4 = 1,4 mol ---> V
dd NaOH 0,5M
= 2,8 lit.
Gi x l s mol NaOH cn thm v khi ch xy ra phn ng.
NaHCO
3
+ NaOH ---> Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
x(mol) x(mol) x(mol)
n
NaHCO
3
(cn li) = (0,6 x) mol
n
Na
2
CO
3
(sau cng) = (0,4 + x) mol
V bi cho nng mol 2 mui bng nhau nn s mol 2 mui phi bng nhau.
(0,6 x) = (0,4 + x) ---> x = 0,1 mol NaOH
Vy s lit dung dch NaOH cn thm l: V
dd NaOH 0,5M
= 0,2 lit.
Bi 9: Sc x(lit) CO
2
(ktc) vo 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,5M th thu c 4,925g kt ta. Tnh
x.
p s:
TH
1
: CO
2
ht v Ca(OH)
2
d. ---> V
CO
2
= 0,56 lit.
TH
2
: CO
2
d v Ca(OH)
2
ht ----> V
CO
2
= 8,4 lit.

C - Ton hn hp oxit.

Cc bi ton vn dng s mol trung bnh v xc nh khong s mol ca cht.
1/ i vi cht kh. (hn hp gm c 2 kh)
Khi lng trung bnh ca 1 lit hn hp kh ktc:
M
TB
=
V
V M V M
4 , 22
2 1 2 1
+

Khi lng trung bnh ca 1 mol hn hp kh ktc:
M
TB
=
V
V M V M
2 2 1 1
+

Hoc: M
TB
=
n
n n M n M ) (
1 2 1 1
+
(n l tng s mol kh trong hn hp)
Hoc: M
TB
=
1
) 1 (
1 2 1 1
x M x M +
(x
1
l % ca kh th nht)
Hoc: M
TB
= d
hh/kh x
. M
x

2/ i vi cht rn, lng. M
TB ca hh
=
hh
hh
n
m

Tnh cht 1:
M
TB ca hh
c gi tr ph thuc vo thnh phn v lng cc cht thnh phn trong hn hp.

Tnh cht 2:
M
TB ca hh
lun nm trong khong khi lng mol phn t ca cc cht thnh phn nh nht v
ln nht.
M
min
< n
hh
< M
max

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Tnh cht 3:
Hn hp 2 cht A, B c M
A
< M
B
v c thnh phn % theo s mol l a(%) v b(%)
Th khong xc nh s mol ca hn hp l.
B
B
M
m
< n
hh
<
A
A
M
m

Gi s A hoc B c % = 100% v cht kia c % = 0 hoc ngc li.
Lu :
- Vi bi ton hn hp 2 cht A, B (cha bit s mol) cng tc dng vi 1 hoc c 2 cht X, Y (
bit s mol). bit sau phn ng ht A, B hay X, Y cha. C th gi thit hn hp A, B ch
cha 1 cht A hoc B
- Vi M
A
< M
B
nu hn hp ch cha A th:
n
A
=
A
hh
M
m
> n
hh
=
hh
hh
M
m

Nh vy nu X, Y tc dng vi A m cn d, th X, Y s c d tc dng ht vi hn hp A, B
- Vi M
A
< M
B
, nu hn hp ch cha B th:
n
B
=
B
hh
M
m
< n
hh
=
hh
hh
M
m

Nh vy nu X, Y tc dng cha vi B th cng khng tc dng ht vi hn hp A, B.
Ngha l sau phn ng X, Y ht, cn A, B d.

Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Ho tan 4,88g hn hp A gm MgO v FeO trong 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,45M(long) th
phn ng va , thu c dung dch B.
a/ Tnh khi lng mi oxit c trong hn hp A.
b/ tc dng va vi 2 mui trong dung dch B cn dng V(lit) dung dch NaOH 0,2M, thu
c kt ta gm 2 hirxit kim loi. Lc ly kt ta, em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c m gam cht rn khan(phn ng hon ton). Tnh V v m.
p s:
a/ m
MgO
= 2g v m
FeO
= 2,88g
b/ V
dd NaOH 0,2M
= 0,9 lit v m
rn
= 5,2g.
Bi 2: ho tan 9,6g mt hn hp ng mol (cng s mol) ca 2 oxit kim loi c ho tr II cn
14,6g axit HCl. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 oxit trn. Bit kim loi ho tr II c th l Be, Mg, Ca,
Fe, Zn, Ba.
p s: MgO v CaO
Bi 3: Kh 9,6g mt hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v FeO bng H
2
nhit cao, ngi ta thu c Fe v
2,88g H
2
O.
a/ Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
b/ Xc nh thnh phn % ca 2 oxit trong hn hp.
c/ Tnh th tch H
2
(ktc) cn dng kh ht lng oxit trn.
p s:
b/ % Fe
2
O
3
= 57,14% v % FeO = 42,86%
c/ V
H
2
= 3,584 lit
Bi 4: Cho X v Y l 2 oxit ca cng mt kim loi M. Bit khi ho tan cng mt lng oxit X nh
nhau n hon ton trong HNO
3
v HCl ri c cn dung dch th thu c nhng lng mui nitrat
v clorua ca kim loi M c cng ho tr. Ngoi ra, khi lng mui nitrat khan ln hn khi
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lng mui clorua khan mt lng bng 99,38% khi lng oxit em ho tan trong mi axit. Phn
t khi ca oxit Y bng 45% phn t khi ca oxit X. Xc nh cc oxit X, Y.
Bi 5: Kh 2,4g hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng H
2
nhit cao th thu c 1,76g hn hp 2
kim loi. em hn hp 2 kim loi ho tan bng dd axit HCl th thu c V(lit) kh H
2
.
a/ Xc nh % v khi lng ca mi oxit trong hn hp.
b/ Tnh V ( ktc).
p s:
a/ % CuO = 33,33% ; % Fe
2
O
3
= 66,67%
b/ V
H
2
= 0,896 lit.
Bi 6: Ho tan 26,2g hn hp Al
2
O
3
v CuO th cn phi dng va 250ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M.
Xc nh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
p s: % Al
2
O
3
= 38,93% v % CuO = 61,07%.
Bi 7: Cho hn hp A gm 16g Fe
2
O
3
v 6,4g CuO vo 160ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M. Sau phn ng
thy cn m gam rn khng tan.
a/ Tnh m.
b/ Tnh th tch dung dch hn hp gm axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M cn dng phn ng
ht hn hp A.
p s:
a/ 3,2 < m < 4,8
b/ V
dd hh axit
= 0,06 lit.

CHUYN 6 AXIT
AXIT TC DNG VI MUI

1/ Phn loi axit
Gm 3 loi axit tc dng vi mui.
a/ Axit loi 1:
- Thng gp l HCl, H
2
SO
4
long, HBr,..
- Phn ng xy ra theo c ch trao i.
b/ Axit loi 2:
- L cc axit c tnh oxi ho mnh: HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c.
- Phn ng xy ra theo c ch phn ng oxi ho kh.
c/ Axit loi 3:
- L cc axit c tnh kh.
- Thng gp l HCl, HI, H
2
S.
- Phn ng xy ra theo c ch phn ng oxi ho kh.
2/ Cng thc phn ng.
a/ Cng thc 1:
Mui + Axit ---> Mui mi + Axit mi.
iu kin: Sn phm phi c:
- Kt ta.
- Hoc c cht bay hi(kh).
- Hoc cht in li yu hn.
c bit: Cc mui sunfua ca kim loi k t Pb tr v sau khng phn ng vi axit loi 1.
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V d: Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2 (k)

BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
---> BaSO
4(r)
+ 2HCl
b/ Cng thc 2:
Mui + Axit loi 2 ---> Mui + H
2
O + sn phm kh.
iu kin:
- Mui phi c tnh kh.
- Mui sinh ra sau phn ng th nguyn t kim loi trong mui phi c ho tr cao nht.
Ch : C 2 nhm mui em phn ng.
- Vi cc mui: CO
3
2-
, NO
3
-
, SO
4
2-
, Cl
-
.
+ iu kin: Kim loi trong mui phi l kim loi a ho tr v ho tr ca kim loi trong mui
trc phi ng khng cao nht.
- Vi cc mui: SO
3
2-
, S
2-
, S
2
-
.
+ Phn ng lun xy ra theo cng thc trn vi tt c cc kim loi.
c/ Cng thc 3:
Thng gp vi cc mui st(III). Phn ng xy ra theo quy tc 2.(l phn ng oxi ho kh)
2FeCl
3
+ H
2
S ---> 2FeCl
2
+ S
(r)
+ 2HCl.
Ch :
Bi tp: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo Na
2
CO
3
(hoc K
2
CO
3
) th c cc PTHH sau:
Giai on 1 Ch c phn ng.
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
( 1 )

x (mol) x mol x mol
Giai on 2 Ch c phn ng
NaHCO
3
+ HCl
d
NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 2 )

x x x mol
Hoc ch c mt phn ng khi s mol HCl = 2 ln s mol Na
2
CO
3
.
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 3 )
i vi K
2
CO
3
cng tng t.
Hng gii: xt t l s mol vit PTHH xy ra
t T =
3 2
CO Na
HCl
n
n

- Nu T s 1 th ch c phn ng (1) v c th d Na
2
CO
3
.
- Nu T > 2 th ch c phn ng (3) v c th d HCl.
- Nu 1 < T < 2 th c c 2 phn ng (1) v (2) trn hoc c th vit nh sau.
t x l s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
(hoc HCl) tham gia phn ng ( 1 )
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
( 1 )

x (mol) x mol x mol
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 2 ) !
Tnh s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
(hoc HCl) tham gia phn ng(2!)da vo bi ra v qua phn ng(1).

Th d: Cho t t dung dch cha x(mol) HCl vo y (mol) Na
2
CO
3
(hoc K
2
CO
3
). Hy bin lun
v cho bit cc trng hp c th xy ra vit PTHH , cho bit cht to thnh, cht cn d sau phn
ng:
TH 1: x < y
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C PTHH: Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
x x x x mol
- Dung dch sau phn ng thu c l: s mol NaHCO
3
= NaCl = x (mol)
- Cht cn d l Na
2
CO
3
(y x) mol
TH 2: x = y
C PTHH : Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
x x x x mol
- Dung dch sau phn ng thu c l: NaHCO
3
; NaCl
- C 2 cht tham gia phn ng u ht.
TH 3: y < x < 2y
C 2 PTHH: Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
y y y y mol
sau phn ng (1) dung dch HCl cn d (x y) mol nn tip tc c phn ng
NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

(x y) (x y) (x y) (x y)
- Dung dch thu c sau phn ng l: c x(mol) NaCl v (2y x)mol NaHCO
3
cn d
TH 4: x = 2y

C PTHH: Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

y 2y 2y y mol
- Dung dch thu c sau phn ng l: c 2y (mol) NaCl, c 2 cht tham gia phn ng u ht.
TH 5: x > 2y
C PTHH: Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

y 2y 2y y mol
- Dung dch thu c sau phn ng l: c 2y (mol) NaCl v cn d (x 2y) mol HCl.
Bi tp 5: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo hn hp mui gm NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
(hoc KHCO
3
v
K
2
CO
3
) th c cc PTHH sau:
t x, y ln lt l s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
.
Giai on 1: Ch c Mui trung ho tham gia phn ng.
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
( 1 )

x (mol) x mol x mol
Giai on 2: Ch c phn ng
NaHCO
3
+ HCl
d
NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 2 )

(x + y) (x + y) (x + y) mol
i vi K
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
cng tng t.
Bi tp: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo hn hp mui gm Na
2
CO
3
; K
2
CO
3
; NaHCO
3
th c cc
PTHH sau:
t x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca Na
2
CO
3
; NaHCO
3
v K
2
CO
3
.
Giai on 1: Ch c Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
phn ng.
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
( 1 )

x (mol) x x x
K
2
CO
3
+ HCl KHCO
3
+ KCl
( 2 )

z (mol) z z z
Giai on 2: c cc phn ng
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NaHCO
3
+ HCl
d
NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 3 )

(x + y) (x + y) (x + y) mol
KHCO
3
+ HCl
d
KCl + H
2
O + CO
2

( 4 )

z (mol) z z mol

Bi tp: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO
2
th c cc PTHH sau.
NaAlO
2
+ HCl + H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaCl
( 1 )

Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl
d
AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
( 2 )

NaAlO
2
+ 4HCl AlCl
3
+ NaCl + 2H
2
O
( 3 )


Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Ho tan Na
2
CO
3
vo V(ml) hn hp dung dch axit HCl 0,5M v H
2
SO
4
1,5M th thu c
mt dung dch A v 7,84 lit kh B (ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c 48,45g mui khan.
a/ Tnh V(ml) hn hp dung dch axit dng?
b/ Tnh khi lng Na
2
CO
3
b ho tan.
Hng dn:
Gi s phi dng V(lit) dung dch gm HCl 0,5M v H
2
SO
4
1,5M.
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

0,25V 0,5V 0,5V 0,25V (mol)
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
---> Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2

1,5V 1,5V 1,5V 1,5V (mol)
Theo bi ra ta c:
S mol CO
2
= 0,25V + 1,5V = 7,84 : 22,4 = 0,35 (mol) (I)
Khi lng mui thu c: 58,5.0,5V + 142.1,5V = 48,45 (g) (II)
V = 0,2 (l) = 200ml.
S mol Na
2
CO
3
= s mol CO
2
= 0,35 mol
Vy khi lng Na
2
CO
3
b ho tan:
m
Na
2
CO
3
= 0,35 . 106 = 37,1g.
Bi 2:
a/ Cho 13,8 gam (A) l mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim vo 110ml dung dch HCl 2M. Sau phn
ng thy cn axit trong dung dch thu c v th tch kh thot ra V
1
vt qu 2016ml. Vit
phng trnh phn ng, tm (A) v tnh V
1
(ktc).
b/ Ho tan 13,8g (A) trn vo nc. Va khuy va thm tng git dung dch HCl 1M cho ti
180ml dung dch axit, thu c V
2
lit kh. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh V
2
(ktc).
Hng dn:
a/ M
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl ---> 2MCl + H
2
O + CO
2

Theo PTHH ta c:
S mol M
2
CO
3
= s mol CO
2
> 2,016 : 22,4 = 0,09 mol
---> Khi lng mol M
2
CO
3
< 13,8 : 0,09 = 153,33 (I)
Mt khc: S mol M
2
CO
3 phn ng
= 1/2 s mol HCl < 1/2. 0,11.2 = 0,11 mol
---> Khi lng mol M
2
CO
3
= 13,8 : 0,11 = 125,45 (II)
T (I, II) --> 125,45 < M
2
CO
3
< 153,33 ---> 32,5 < M < 46,5 v M l kim loi kim
---> M l Kali (K)
Vy s mol CO
2
= s mol K
2
CO
3
= 13,8 : 138 = 0,1 mol ---> V
CO
2
= 2,24 (lit)
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b/ Gii tng t: ---> V
2
= 1,792 (lit)
Bi 3: Ho tan CaCO
3
vo 100ml hn hp dung dch gm axit HCl v axit H
2
SO
4
th thu c
dung dch A v 5,6 lit kh B (ktc), c cn dung dch A th thu c 32,7g mui khan.
a/ Tnh nng mol/l mi axit trong hn hp dung dch ban u.
b/ Tnh khi lng CaCO
3
dng.
Bi 4: Cho 4,2g mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II. Ho tan vo dung dch HCl d, th c kh
thot ra. Ton b lng kh c hp th vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,46M thu c 8,274g
kt ta. Tm cng thc ca mui v kim loi ho tr II.
p s:
- TH
1
khi Ba(OH)
2
d, th cng thc ca mui l: CaCO
3
v kim loi ho tr II l Ca.
- TH
2
khi Ba(OH)
2
thiu, th cng thc ca mui l MgCO
3
v kim loi ho tr II l Mg.
Bi 5: Cho 1,16g mui cacbonat ca kim loi R tc dng ht vi HNO
3
, thu c 0,448 lit hn hp
G gm 2 kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 22,5. Xc nh cng thc mui (bit th tch cc kh
o ktc).
Hng dn:
Hn hp G gm c kh CO
2
v kh cn li l kh X.
C d
hh G/ H
2
= 22,5 --> M
TB ca hh G
= 22,5 . 2 = 45
M M
CO
2
= 44 < 45 ---> M
kh X
> 45. nhn thy trong cc kh ch c NO
2
v SO
2
c khi lng
phn t ln hn 45. Trong trng hp ny kh X ch c th l NO
2
.
t a, b ln lt l s mol ca CO
2
v NO
2
.
Ta c h n
hh G
= a + b = 0,02 a = 0,01
M
TB hh G
=
b a
b a
+
+ 46 44
= 45 b = 0,01
PTHH:
R
2
(CO
3
)
n
+ (4m 2n)HNO
3
---> 2R(NO
3
)
m
+ (2m 2n)NO
2
+ nCO
2
+ (2m
n)H
2
O.
2M
R
+ 60n 2m 2n
1,16g 0,01 mol
Theo PTHH ta c:
16 , 1
60 2 n M
R
+
=
01 , 0
2 2 n m
----> M
R
= 116m 146n
Lp bng: iu kin 1 s n s m s 4

n 1 2 2 3 3
m 3 2 3 3 4
M
R
56

Ch c cp nghim n = 2, m = 3 --> M
R
= 56 l ph hp. Vy R l Fe
CTHH: FeCO
3

Bi 6: Cho 5,25g mui cacbonat ca kim loi M tc dng ht vi HNO
3
, thu c 0,336 lit kh NO
v V lit CO
2
. Xc nh cng thc mui v tnh V. (bit th tch cc kh c o ktc)
p s: Gii tng t bi 3 ---> CTHH l FeCO
3

Bi 7: Ho tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
bng dung dch HCl d thu c
0,672 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Tnh thnh phn % s mol mi mui trong hn hp.
Bi gii
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Cc PTHH xy ra:
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
(1)

MgCO
3
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
(2)

T (1) v (2) n
hh
= n
CO
2
=
4 , 22
672 , 0
= 0,03 (mol)
Gi x l thnh phn % s mol ca CaCO
3
trong hn hp th (1 - x) l thnh phn % s mol ca
MgCO
3
.
Ta c M
2 mui
= 100x + 84(1 - x) =
03 , 0
84 , 2
x = 0,67
% s mol CaCO
3
= 67% ; % s mol MgCO
3
= 100 - 67 = 33%.
Bi 8: Ho tan 174 gam hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat v sunfit ca cng mt kim loi kim vo
dung dch HCl d. Ton b kh thot ra c hp th ti thiu bi 500 ml dung dch KOH 3M.
a/ Xc nh kim loi kim.
b/ Xc nh % s mol mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
Bi gii
cc PTHH xy ra:
M
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
(1)

M
2
SO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl + SO
2
+ H
2
O
(2)

Ton b kh CO
2
v SO
2
hp th mt lng ti thiu KOH sn phm l mui axit.
CO
2
+ KOH KHCO
3

(3)

SO
2
+ KOH KHSO
3

(4)

T (1), (2), (3) v (4)
suy ra: n
2 mui
= n
2 kh
= n
KOH
=
1000
3 . 500
= 1,5 (mol)
M
2 mui
=
5 , 1
174
= 116 (g/mol) 2M + 60 < M < 2M + 80
18 < M < 28, v M l kim loi kim, vy M = 23 l Na.
b/ Nhn thy M
2 mui
=
2
126 106+
= 116 (g/mol).
% n
Na
2
CO
3
=
n
Na
2
SO
3
= 50%.

AXIT TC DNG VI KIM LOI
Cch lm:
1/ Phn loi axit:
Axit loi 1: Tt c cc axit trn( HCl, H
2
SO
4
long, HBr,...), tr HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c.
Axit loi 2: HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c.
2/ Cng thc phn ng: gm 2 cng thc.
Cng thc 1: Kim loi phn ng vi axit loi 1.
Kim loi + Axit loi 1 ----> Mui + H
2

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iu kin:
- Kim loi l kim loi ng trc H trong dy hot ng ho hc Bktp.
- Dy hot ng ho hc Bktp.
K, Na, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au.
c im:
- Mui thu c c ho tr thp(i vi kim loi c nhiu ho tr)
Th d: Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl
2
+ H
2

Cu + HCl ----> Khng phn ng.
Cng thc 2: Kim loi phn ng vi axit loi 2:
Kim loi + Axit loi 2 -----> Mui + H
2
O + Sn phm kh.
c im:
- Phn ng xy ra vi tt c cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt).
- Mui c ho tr cao nht(i vi kim loi a ho tr)
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Ho tan ht 25,2g kim loi R trong dung dch axit HCl, sau phn ng thu c 1,008 lit H
2

(ktc). Xc nh kim loi R.
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 6,5g mt kim loi A cha r ho tr vo dung dch axit HCl, th thu c
2,24 lit H
2
(ktc). Xc nh kim loi A.
p s: A l Zn.
Bi 3: Cho 10g mt hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl, th thu c 3,36 lit
kh H
2
(ktc). Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
p s: % Fe = 84%, % Cu = 16%.
Bi 4: Cho 1 hn hp gm Al v Ag phn ng vi dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
thu c 5,6 lt H
2
(ktc).
Sau phn ng th cn 3g mt cht rn khng tan. Xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng cu mi
kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
p s: % Al = 60% v % Ag = 40%.
Bi 5: Cho 5,6g Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HNO
3
0,8M. Sau phn ng thu c V(lit) hn
hp kh A gm N
2
O v NO
2
c t khi so vi H
2
l 22,25 v dd B.
a/ Tnh V (ktc)?
b/ Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht c trong dung dch B.
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Hng dn:
Theo bi ra ta c:
n
Fe
= 5,6 : 56 = 0,1 mol
n
HNO
3
= 0,5 . 0,8 = 0,4 mol
M
hh kh
= 22,25 . 2 = 44,5
t x, y ln lt l s mol ca kh N
2
O v NO
2
.
PTHH xy ra:
8Fe + 30HNO
3
----> 8Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
2
O + 15H
2
O
(1)

8mol 3mol
8x/3 x
Fe + 6HNO
3
-----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
(2)

1mol 3mol
y/3 y
T l th tch cc kh trn l:
Gi a l thnh phn % theo th tch ca kh N
2
O.
Vy (1 a) l thnh phn % ca kh NO
2
.
Ta c: 44a + 46(1 a) = 44,5
a = 0,75 hay % ca kh N
2
O l 75% v ca kh NO
2
l 25%
T phng trnh phn ng kt hp vi t l th tch ta c:

x = 3y
(I)
---> y = 0,012 v x = 0,036
8x/3 + y/3 = 0,1
(II)


Vy th tch ca cc kh thu c ktc l:
V
N
2
O
= 0,81(lit) v V
NO
2
= 0,27(lit)
Theo phng trnh th:
S mol HNO
3 (phn ng)
= 10n
N
2
O
+ 2n
NO
2
= 10.0,036 + 2.0,012 = 0,384 mol
S mol HNO
3 (cn d)
= 0,4 0,384 = 0,016 mol
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S mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
= n
Fe
= 0,1 mol
Vy nng cc cht trong dung dch l:
C
M
(Fe(NO
3
)
3
) = 0,2M C
M
(HNO
3
)d = 0,032M
Bi 6: ho tan 4,48g Fe phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,5M v H
2
SO
4
0,75M.
Hng dn: Gi s phi dng V(lit) dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,5M v H
2
SO
4
0,75M
S mol HCl = 0,5V (mol)
S mol H
2
SO
4
= 0,75V (mol)
S mol Fe = 0,08 mol
PTHH xy ra:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl
2
+ H
2

Fe + H
2
SO
4
---> FeSO
4
+ H
2
Theo phng trnh ta c: 0,25V + 0,75V = 0,08
---> V = 0,08 : 1 = 0,08 (lit)
Bi 7: ho tan 4,8g Mg phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1,5M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M.
a/ Tnh th tch dung dch hn hp axit trn cn dng.
b/ Tnh th tch H
2
thu c sau phn ng ktc.
p s:
a/ V
hh dd axit
= 160ml.
b/ Th tch kh H
2
l 4,48 lit.
Bi 8: Ho tan 2,8g mt kim loi ho tr (II) bng mt hn hp gm 80ml dung dch axit H
2
SO
4

0,5M v 200ml dung dch axit HCl 0,2M. Dung dch thu c c tnh axit v mun trung ho phi
dng 1ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Xc nh kim loi ho tr II em phn ng.
Hng dn:
Theo bi ra ta c:
S mol ca H
2
SO
4
l 0,04 mol
S mol ca HCl l 0,04 mol
S mol ca NaOH l 0,02 mol
t R l KHHH ca kim loi ho tr II
a, b l s mol ca kim loi R tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
v HCl.
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
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Sau khi kim loi tc dng vi kim loi R. S mol ca cc axit cn li l:
S mol ca H
2
SO
4
= 0,04 a (mol)
S mol ca HCl = 0,04 2b (mol)
Vit cc PTHH trung ho:
T PTP ta c:
S mol NaOH phn ng l: (0,04 2b) + 2(0,04 a) = 0,02
---> (a + b) = 0,1 : 2 = 0,05
Vy s mol kim loi R = (a + b) = 0,05 mol
---> M
R
= 2,8 : 0,05 = 56 v R c ho tr II ---> R l Fe.
Bi 9: Chia 7,22g hn hp A gm Fe v R (R l kim loi c ho tr khng i) thnh 2 phn bng
nhau:
- Phn 1: Phn ng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 2,128 lit H
2
(ktc)
- Phn 2: Phn ng vi HNO
3
, thu c 1,972 lit NO(ktc)
a/ Xc nh kim loi R.
b/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
Hng dn:
a/ Gi 2x, 2y (mol) l s mol Fe, R c trong hn hp A --> S mol Fe, R trong 1/2 hn hp A l x,
y.
Vit cc PTHH xy ra:
Lp cc phng trnh ton hc;
m
hh A
= 56.2x + 2y.M
R
(I)
n
H
2
= x + ny/2 = 0,095 (II)
n
NO
= x + ny/3 = 0,08 (III)
Gii h phng trnh ta c: M
R
= 9n (vi n l ho tr ca R)
Lp bng: Vi n = 3 th M
R
= 27 l ph hp. Vy R l nhm(Al)
b/ %Fe = 46,54% v %Al = 53,46%.
AXIT TC DNG VI BAZ
(Bi ton hn hp axit tc dng vi hn hp baz)
* Axit n: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO
3
. Ta c n
H
+
= n
A xit

* Axit a: H
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
SO
3
. Ta c n
H
+
= 2n
A xit
hoc n
H
+
= 3n
A xit

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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* Baz n: KOH, NaOH, LiOH. Ta c n
OH


= 2n
BaZ

* Baz a: Ba(OH)
2
, Ca(OH)
2
. Ta c n
OH


= 2n
BaZ

PTHH ca phn ng trung ho: H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
*Lu : trong mt hn hp m c nhiu phn ng xy ra th phn ng trung ho c u tin xy
ra trc.
Cch lm:
- Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
- t n s nu bi ton l hn hp.
- Lp phng trnh ton hc
- Gii phng trnh ton hc, tm n.
- Tnh ton theo yu cu ca bi.
Lu :
- Khi gp dung dch hn hp cc axit tc dng vi hn hp cc baz th dng phng php t
cng thc tng ng cho axit v baz.
- t th tch dung dch cn tm l V(lit)
- Tm V cn nh: n
HX
= n
MOH
.
Bi tp:
Cho t t dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch NaOH th c cc phn ng xy ra:
Phn ng u tin to ra mui trung ho trc.
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
( 1 )
Sau khi s mol

H
2
SO
4
= s mol NaOH th c phn ng
H
2
SO
4
+ NaOH NaHSO
4
+ H
2
O
( 2 )

Hng gii: xt t l s mol vit PTHH xy ra.
t T =
4 2
SO H
NaOH
n
n

- Nu T s 1 th ch c phn ng (2) v c th d H
2
SO
4
.
- Nu T > 2 th ch c phn ng (1) v c th d NaOH.
- Nu 1 < T < 2 th c c 2 phn ng (1) v (2) trn.
Ngc li:
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Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
th c cc phn ng xy ra:
Phn ng u tin to ra mui axit trc.
H
2
SO
4
+ NaOH NaHSO
4
+ H
2
O
( 1 ) !

V sau NaOH
d
+ NaHSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
( 2 ) !

Hoc da vo s mol H
2
SO
4
v s mol NaOH hoc s mol Na
2
SO
4
v NaHSO
4
to thnh sau phn
ng lp cc phng trnh ton hc v gii.
t n x, y ln lt l s mol ca Na
2
SO
4
v NaHSO
4
to thnh sau phn ng.
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch KOH 1,5M trung ho 300ml dung dch A cha H
2
SO
4

0,75M v HCl 1,5M. p s: V
dd KOH 1,5M
= 0,6(lit)
Bi 2: trung ho 10ml dung dch hn hp axit gm H
2
SO
4
v HCl cn dng 40ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M. Mt khc ly 100ml dung dch axit em trung ho mt lng xt va ri c cn
th thu c 13,2g mui khan. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi axt trong dung dch ban u.
Hng dn: t x, y ln lt l nng mol/lit ca axit H
2
SO
4
v axit HCl
Vit PTHH. Lp h phng trnh:
2x + y = 0,02 (I)
142x + 58,5y = 1,32 (II)
Gii phng trnh ta c: Nng ca axit HCl l 0,8M v nng ca axit H
2
SO
4
l 0,6M.
Bi 3: Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M trung ho 400ml hn hp dung dch axit gm
H
2
SO
4
0,5M v HCl 1M. p s: V
NaOH
= 1,07 lit
Bi 4: trung ho 50ml dung dch hn hp axit gm H
2
SO
4
v HCl cn dng 200ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Mt khc ly 100ml dung dch hn hp axit trn em trung ho vi mt lng dung
dch NaOH va ri c cn th thu c 24,65g mui khan. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi axit
trong dung dch ban u.
p s: Nng ca axit HCl l 3M v nng ca axit H
2
SO
4
l 0,5M
Bi 5: Mt dung dch A cha HCl v H
2
SO
4
theo t l s mol 3:1, bit 100ml dung dch A c
trung ho bi 50ml dung dch NaOH c cha 20g NaOH/lit.
a/ Tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong A.
b/ 200ml dung dch A phn ng va vi bao nhiu ml dung dch baz B cha NaOH 0,2M v
Ba(OH)
2
0,1M.
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c/ Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng gia 2 dung dch A v B.
Hng dn:
a/ Theo bi ra ta c:
n
HCl :
n
H
2
SO
4
= 3:1
t x l s mol ca H
2
SO
4
(A
1
), th 3x l s mol ca HCl (A
2
)
S mol NaOH c trong 1 lt dung dch l:
n
NaOH = 20 : 40 = 0,5 ( mol )
Nng mol/lit ca dung dch NaOH l: C
M ( NaOH )
= 0,5 : 1 = 0,5M
S mol NaOH dung trong phn ng trung ho l:
n
NaOH = 0,05 * 0,5 = 0,025 mol
PTHH xy ra :
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O (1)
3x 3x
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (2)
x 2x
T PTHH 1 v 2 ta c : 3x + 2x = 0,025 <--> 5x = 0,025 x = 0,005
Vy
n
H
2
SO
4
= x = 0,005 mol

n
HCl = 3x = 3*0,005 = 0,015 mol
Nng ca cc cht c dung dch A l:
C
M ( A1 )
= 0,005 : 0,1 = 0,05M v C
M ( A2 )
= 0,015 : 0,1 = 0,15M
b/ t HA l axit i din cho 2 axit cho. Trong 200 ml dung dch A c:
n
HA =
n
HCl +
2n
H
2
SO
4
= 0,015*0,2 + 0,05*0,2*2 = 0,05 mol
t MOH l baz i din v V(lit) l th tch ca dung dch B cha 2 baz cho:
n
MOH =
n
NaOH +
2n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,2 V + 2 * 0,1 V = 0,4 V
PTP trung ho: HA + MOH MA + H
2
O (3)
Theo PTP ta c
n
MOH =
n
HA = 0,05 mol
Vy: 0,4V = 0,05 V = 0,125 lit = 125 ml
c/ Theo kt qu ca cu b ta c:
n
NaOH = 0,125 * 0,2 = 0,025 mol v
n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,125 * 0,1 = 0,0125 mol
n
HCl = 0,2 * 0,015 = 0,03 mol v
n
H
2
SO
4
= 0,2 * 0,05 = 0,01 mol
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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V P trn l phn ng trung ho nn cc cht tham gia phn ng u tc dng ht nn d phn
ng no xy ra trc th khi lng mui thu c sau cng vn khng thay i hay n c bo
ton.
m
hh mui
= m
SO
4
+ m
Na
+ m
Ba
+ m
Cl

= 0,01*96 + 0,025*23 + 0,0125*137 + 0,03*35,5

= 0,96 + 1,065 + 0,575 + 1,7125 = 4,3125 gam
Hoc t:
n
NaOH = 0,125 * 0,2 = 0,025 mol m
NaOH
= 0,025 * 40 = 1g
n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,125 * 0,1 = 0,0125 mol m
Ba (OH)
2
= 0,0125 * 171 = 2,1375g
n
HCl = 0,2 * 0,015 = 0,03 mol m
HCl
= 0,03 * 36,5 = 1,095g
n


H
2
SO
4
= 0,2 * 0,05 = 0,01 mol m
H
2
SO
4
= 0,01 * 98 = 0,98g
p dng l BTKL ta c: m
hh mui
= m
NaOH
+ m
Ba (OH)
2
+ m
HCl
+ m
H
2
SO
4
- m
H
2
O
V s mol:
n
H
2
O =
n
MOH =
n
HA = 0,05 mol. m
H
2
O
= 0,05 *18 = 0,9g
Vy ta c: m
hh mui
= 1 + 2,1375 + 1,095 + 0,98 0,9 = 4,3125 gam.
Bi 6: Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
v NaOH bit rng:
- 30ml dung dch NaOH c trung ho ht bi 200ml dung dch NaOH v 10ml dung dch
KOH 2M.
- 30ml dung dch NaOH c trung ho ht bi 20ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
v 5ml dung dch HCl
1M.
p s: Nng ca axit H
2
SO
4
l 0,7M v nng ca dung dch NaOH l 1,1M.
Bi 7: Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO
3
v dung dch KOH bit:
- 20ml dung dch HNO
3
c trung ho ht bi 60ml dung dch KOH.
- 20ml dung dch HNO
3
sau khi tc dng ht vi 2g CuO th c trung ho ht bi 10ml dung
dch KOH.
p s: Nng dung dch HNO
3
l 3M v nng dung dch KOH l 1M.
Bi 8: Mt dd A cha HNO
3
v HCl theo t l 2 : 1 (mol).
a/ Bit rng khi cho 200ml dd A tc dng vi 100ml dd NaOH 1M, th lng axit d trong A tc
dng va vi 50ml Ba(OH)
2
0,2M. Tnh nng mol/lit ca mi axit trong dd A.
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b/ Nu trn 500ml dd A vi 100ml dd B cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,5M. Hi dd thu c c
tnh axit hay baz ?
c/ Phi thm vo dd C bao nhiu lit dd A hoc B c c dd D trung ho.
/S: a/ C
M [ HCl ]
= 0,2M ; C
M [ H
2
SO
4
]
= 0,4M
b/ dd C c tnh axit, s mol axit d l 0,1 mol.
c/ Phi thm vo dd C vi th tch l 50 ml dd B.
Bi 9: Ho tan 8g hn hp 2 hiroxit kim loi kim nguyn cht thnh 100ml dung dch X.
a/ 100ml dung dch X c trung ho va bi 800ml dung dch axit axtic CH
3
COOH, cho
14,72g hn hp mui. Tm tng s mol hai hiroxit kim loi kim c trong 8g hn hp. Tm nng
mol/l ca dung dch CH
3
COOH.
b/ Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim bit chng thuc 2 chu k k tip trong bng tun hon. Tm khi
lng tng hiroxit trong 8g hn hp.
Hng dn:
Gi A, B l k hiu ca 2 kim loi kim ( cng chnh l k hiu KLNT ).
Gi s M
A
< M
B
v R l k hiu chung ca 2 kim loi ---> M
A
< M
R
< M
B

Trong 8g hn hp c a mol ROH.
a/ Nng mol/l ca CH
3
COOH = 0,16 : 0,8 = 0,2M
b/ M
R
= 33 ---> M
A
= 23(Na) v M
B
= 39(K)
m
NaOH
= 2,4g v m
KOH
= 5,6g.
CHUYN 7 BAZ.
Bi tp: Cho t t dung dch NaOH (hoc KOH) hay Ba(OH)
2
(hoc Ca(OH)
2
) vo dung dch
AlCl
3
th c cc PTHH sau.
3NaOH + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
( 1 )

NaOH
d
+ Al(OH)
3
NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
( 2 )

4NaOH + AlCl
3
NaAlO
2
+ 3NaCl + 2H
2
O
( 3 )

v:
3Ba(OH)
2
+ 2AlCl
3
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3BaCl
2

( 1 )

Ba(OH)
2

d
+ 2Al(OH)
3
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 4H
2
O
( 2 )

4Ba(OH)
2
+ 2AlCl
3
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3BaCl
2
+ 4H
2
O
( 3 )

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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Ngc li: Cho t t dung dch AlCl
3
vo dung dch NaOH (hoc KOH) hay Ba(OH)
2
(hoc
Ca(OH)
2
) ch c PTHH sau:
AlCl
3
+ 4NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 3NaCl + 2H
2
O
v 2AlCl
3
+ 4Ba(OH)
2
----> Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3BaCl
2
+ 4H
2
O
Bi tp: Cho t t dung dch NaOH (hoc KOH) hay Ba(OH)
2
(hoc Ca(OH)
2
) vo dung dch
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
th c cc PTHH sau.
6NaOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3Na
2
SO
4

( 1 )

NaOH
d
+ Al(OH)
3
NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
( 2 )

8NaOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2NaAlO
2
+ 3Na
2
SO
4
+ 4H
2
O
( 3 )

V:
3Ba(OH)
2
+ Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3BaSO
4

( 1 )

Ba(OH)
2

d
+ 2Al(OH)
3
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 4H
2
O
( 2 )

4Ba(OH)
2
+ Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3BaSO
4
+ 4H
2
O
( 3 )

Ngc li: Cho t t dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo dung dch NaOH (hoc KOH) hay Ba(OH)
2
(hoc
Ca(OH)
2
) th c PTHH no xy ra?
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 8NaOH 2NaAlO
2
+ 3Na
2
SO
4
+ 4H
2
O
(3 )/

Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 4Ba(OH)
2
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3BaSO
4
+ 4H
2
O
(3 )//

Mt s phn ng c bit:
NaHSO
4 (dd)
+ NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

NaAlO
2
+ HCl + H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaCl
NaAlO
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3

Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Cho 200 ml dd gm MgCl
2
0,3M; AlCl
3
0,45; HCl

0,55M tc dng hon ton vi V(lt) dd
C cha NaOH 0,02 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,01 M. Hy tnh th tich V(lt) cn dng thu c kt ta
ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht. Tnh lng kt ta . (gi s khi Mg(OH)
2
kt ta ht th
Al(OH)
3
tan trong kim khng ng k)
Hng dn gii :
n
HCl
= 0,11mol ; n
MgCl
2
= 0,06 mol ; n
AlCl
3
= 0,09 mol.
Tng s mol OH
-

= 0,04 V (*)
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Cc PTHH xy ra:
H
+
+ OH
-

H
2
O (1)
Mg
2+
+ OH
-

Mg(OH)
2
(2)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-

Al(OH)
3
(3)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-

AlO
2
-

+ 2H
2
O (4)
Trng hp 1: c kt ta ln nht th ch c cc phn ng (1,2,3 ).
Vy tng s mol OH
-
dng l: 0,11 + 0,06 x 2 + 0,09 x 3 = 0,5 mol (**)
T (*) v (**) ta c Th tch dd cn dng l: V = 0,5 : 0,04 = 12,5 (lit)
m
Kt ta
= 0,06 x 58 + 0,09 x 78 = 10,5 g
Trng hp 2: c kt ta nh nht th ngoi cc p (1, 2, 3) th cn c p (4) na.
Khi lng Al(OH)
3
tan ht ch cn li Mg(OH)
2
, cht rn cn li l: 0,06 x 58 = 3,48 g
V lng OH
-
cn dng thm cho p (4) l 0,09 mol.
Vy tng s mol OH
-
tham gia p l: 0,5 + 0,09 = 0,59 mol
Th tch dd C cn dng l: 0,59/ 0,04 = 14,75 (lit)
Bi 2: Cho 200ml dung dch NaOH vo 200g dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
1,71%. Sau phn ng thu c
0,78g kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH tham gia phn ng.
p s:
TH
1
: NaOH thiu
S mol NaOH = 3s mol Al(OH)
3
= 3. 0,01 = 0,03 mol ---> C
M NaOH
= 0,15M
TH
2
: NaOH d ---> C
M NaOH
= 0,35M
Bi 3: Cho 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 160ml dung dch hn hp cha Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,125M v
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,25M. Sau phn ng tch kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn C.
a/ Tnh m
rn C
.
b/ Tnh nng mol/l ca mui to thnh trong dung dch.
p s:
a/ m
rn C
= 0,02 . 160 + 0,02 . 102 = 5,24g
b/ Nng ca Na
2
SO
4
= 0,18 : 0,56 = 0,32M v nng ca NaAlO
2
= 0,07M
Bi 4: Cho 200g dung dch Ba(OH)
2
17,1% vo 500g dung dch hn hp (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
1,32% v
CuSO
4
2%. Sau khi kt thc tt c cc phn ng ta thu c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C.
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a/ Tnh th tch kh A (ktc)
b/ Ly kt ta B ra sch v nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i th c bao nhiu gam
rn?
c/ Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong C.
p s:
a/ Kh A l NH
3
c th tch l 2,24 lit
b/ Khi lng BaSO
4
= 0,1125 . 233 = 26,2g v m
CuO
= 0,0625 . 80 = 5g
c/ Khi lng Ba(OH)
2
d = 0,0875 . 171 = 14,96g
m
dd
= Tng khi lng cc cht em trn - m
kt ta
- m
kh

m
dd
= 500 + 200 26,21 6,12 1,7 = 666g
Nng % ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
= 2,25%
Bi 5: Cho mt mu Na vo 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
thu c 2,8 lit kh (ktc) v mt kt ta A.
Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c 2,55 gam cht rn. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch
AlCl
3
.
Hng dn:
m
rn
: Al
2
O
3
--> s mol ca Al
2
O
3
= 0,025 mol ---> s mol Al(OH)
3
= 0,05 mol
s mol NaOH = 2s mol H
2
= 0,25 mol.
TH
1
: NaOH thiu, ch c phn ng.
3NaOH + AlCl
3
---> Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
Khng xy ra v s mol Al(OH)
3
to ra trong phn ng > s mol Al(OH)
3
cho.
TH
2
: NaOH d, c 2 phn ng xy ra.
3NaOH + AlCl
3
---> Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
0,15 0,05 0,05 mol
4NaOH + AlCl
3
---> NaAlO
2
+ 3NaCl + H
2
O
(0,25 0,15) 0,025
Tng s mol AlCl
3
phn ng 2 phng trnh l 0,075 mol
----> Nng ca AlCl
3
= 0,375M
Bi 6: Cho 200ml dung dch NaOH x(M) tc dng vi 120 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M, sau cng thu
c 7,8g kt ta. Tnh tr s x?
p s:
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- TH
1
: Nng AlCl
3
= 1,5M
- TH
2
: Nng AlCl
3
= 1,9M
Bi 7: Cho 9,2g Na vo 160ml dung dch A c khi lng ring 1,25g/ml cha Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,125M
v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,25M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc ngi ta tch kt ta v em nung nng n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn.
a/ Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c.
b/ Tnh nng % ca dung dch mui thu c.
p s:
a/
m
Fe
2
O
3
= 3,2g v
m
Al
2
O
3
= 2,04g.
b/ Nng % ca cc dung dch l: C%(Na
2
SO
4
) = 12,71% v C%(NaAlO
2
) = 1,63%

TNG HP THI I HC, CAO NG HA I CNG V HA V C.

Cu 1: Cho sut in ng chun E
o
ca cc pin in ho: E
o
(Cu-X) = 0,46V; E
o
(Y-Cu) =
1,1V; E
o
(Z-Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh
kh t tri sang phi l
A. Z, Y, Cu, X. B. X, Cu, Z, Y. C. Y, Z, Cu, X. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
Cu 2: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl
2
v CuCl
2
. Khi lng cht rn sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
A. 13,1 gam. B. 17,0 gam. C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1 gam.
Cu 3: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2FeBr
2
+ Br
2
2FeBr
3

2NaBr + Cl
2
2NaCl + Br
2

Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh kh ca Cl
-
mnh hn ca Br
-
. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br
2
mnh hn ca Cl
2
.
C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe
2+
D. Tnh oxi ha ca C
l2
mnh hn ca Fe
3+
.
Cu 4: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F.
Cu 5: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l:
A. Dng O
2
oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO
3
kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
Cu 6: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, HCO
3
-
, Cl
-
, SO
4
2-
. Cht c dng lm
mm mu nc cng trn l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl. C
.
H
2
SO
4
. D
.
NaHCO
3
.
Cu 7: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO
3
v b mol FeS
2
trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d).
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Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l
Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia
a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k)
A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b.
Cu 8: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl
2
v m gam FeCl
3
.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl
2
, F
2
, SO
2
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Fe
2+
, Al
3+
, Mn
2+
, S
2-
, Cl
-
. S cht v ion
trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Cu 10: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
A. 2KNO
3

0
t

2KNO
2
+ O
2
B. NH
4
NO
2

0
t

N
2
+ 2H
2
O
C. NH
4
Cl
0
t

NH
3
+ HCl D. NaHCO
3

0
t

NaOH + CO
2

Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, C
12
H
22
O
11
(saccaroz), CH
3
COOH,
Ca(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
. S cht in li l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Cu 12: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi
dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
Cu 13: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca
3
(PO
4)2
. B. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
. C. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. D. CaHPO
4
.
Cu 14: Cho cc phn ng:
Ca(OH)
2
+ Cl
2
CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O 2H
2
S + SO
2
3S + 2H
2
O
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O 4KClO
3

0
t

KCl + 3KClO
4

O
3
O
2
+ O
S phn ng oxi ho kh l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 15: Cho cn bng ho hc: N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k); phn ng thun l phn ng to
nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi
A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nng N
2
.
C. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc Fe.
Cu 16: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
Cu 17: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh
ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau
khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
Cu 18: Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng
a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.
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Cu 19: Cho cc phn ng sau:
H
2
S + O
2
(d)
0
t

Kh X + H
2
O
NH
3
+ O
2

0
850 C,Pt

Kh Y + H
2
O
NH
4
HCO
3
+ HCl long Kh Z + NH
4
Cl + H
2
O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l:
A. SO
3
, NO, NH
3
. B. SO
2
, N
2
, NH
3
. C. SO
2
, NO, CO
2
. D. SO
3
, N
2
, CO
2
.
Cu 20: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh
CO
2
( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Cu 21: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
1
lt dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M;
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
2
lt dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng
nhau. Gi tr ca V
1
so vi V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V1 = 10V
2
. C. V
1
= 5V
2
. D. V
1
= 2V
2
.
Cu 22: Cho 0,1 mol P
2
O
5
vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc cht:
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
. B. K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
.
C. K
3
PO
4
, KOH. D. H
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
.
Cu 23: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi
dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ng
trc Ag
+
/Ag)
A. Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag.
Cu 24: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe
2
O
3
v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong
dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO
3
(d). D. NH
3
(d).
Cu 25: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
Cu 26: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong oxit m R
c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P.
Cu 27: Cho cc phn ng:
(1) O
3
+ dung dch KI (2) F2 + H
2
O
0
t


(3) MnO
2
+ HCl c
0
t

(4) Cl
2
+ dung dch H
2
S
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l :
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 28: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
;
- Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl. S trng hp
xut hin n mn in ho l
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A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 29: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH
3
, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2

l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 30: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc
ln thu ngn ri gom li l
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh.
Cu 31: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2

X
2
+ Y X + Y
1
+H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ H
2
O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO
3
, NaHSO
4
. B. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
Cu 32: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong s mol
FeObng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.
Cu 33: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl
-
. B. s oxi ho ion Cl
-
.
C. s oxi ho ion Na
+
. D. s kh ion Na
+
.
Cu 34: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t:
3
Li,
8
O,
9
F,
11
Na c xp theo th t tng dn t
tri sang phi l
A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.
Cu 35: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi
oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Cu 36: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch
A. in phn nc. B. nhit phn Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
C. nhit phn KClO
3
c xc tc MnO
2
. D. chng ct phn on khng kh
lng.
Cu 37: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta
trn l
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
Cu 38: Cho cc cht: Al, Al
2
O
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHS, K
2
SO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. S cht u phn
ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 39: Cho cc phn ng sau:
4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
2HCl + Fe FeCl
2
+ H
2
.
14HCl + K
2
Cr
2
O
7
2KCl + 2CrCl
3
+ 3Cl
2
+ 7H
2
O.
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
.
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16HCl + 2KMnO
4
2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 8H
2
O.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 40: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H
2
phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm
CuO v Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32
gam. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
Cu 41: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al
4
C
3
vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a
mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8
gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
Cu 42: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M
v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
Cu 43: Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 44: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3

long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung
dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Cu 45: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
Cu 46: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. NH
4
Cl. B. NH
3
. C. HCl. D. H
2
O.
Cu 47: Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)

2SO
3
(k); phn ng thun l phn ng to
nhit. Pht biu ng l:
A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O
2
.
C. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng.
D. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO
3
.
Cu 48: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO
3
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. Zn(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
2
. B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
.
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. D. AgNO
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 49: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,84. B. 3,20. C. 1,92. D. 0,64.
Cu 50: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung
dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
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A. I, II v IV. B. I, III v IV. C. I, II v III. D. II, III v IV
Cu 51: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c
4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y.
Dung dch Y c pH bng
A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 52: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong hp cht
kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X
trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%. B. 40,00%. C. 27,27%. D. 60,00%.
Cu 53: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl
2
, KMnO
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, MnO
2
ln lt phn ng vi lng d
dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl
2
nhiu nht l
A. CaOCl
2
. B. KMnO
4
. C. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
. D. MnO
2
.
Cu 54: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO
3
, CaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
3
. B. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, HCOONa, CuO.
C. FeS, BaSO
4
, KOH. D. AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, CuS.
Cu 55: Cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t
ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm IIA. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
C. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. D. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
Cu 56: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git cho n
ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,36. B. 1,12. C. 4,48. D. 2,24.
Cu 57: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO
2
, N
2
, HCl, Cu
2+
, Cl
-
. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi
ha v tnh kh l
A. 6. B. 5. C. 7. D. 4.
Cu 58: Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo
X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu c a
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,12 B. 22,540. C. 17,710. D. 12,375.
Cu 59: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al
2
O
3
nung nng n khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 4,0 gam. B. 0,8 gam. C. 8,3 gam. D. 2,0 gam.
Cu 60: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu
c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 400. B. 120. C. 240. D. 360.
Cu 61: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe
3
O
4
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ N
x
O
y
+ H
2
O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th
h s ca HNO
3
l
A. 23x - 9y. B. 45x - 18y. C. 13x - 9y. D. 46x - 18y.
Cu 62: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
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A. 1,970 B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 3,940.
Cu 63: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
10%,
thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A. 97,80 gam. B. 101,48 gam. C. 88,20 gam. D. 101,68 gam.
Cu 64: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
. B. Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui.
C. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch CuCl
2
. D. Sc kh C
l2
vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
Cu 65: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c dung dch X v
1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H
2

l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,08. B. 38,34. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
Cu 66: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cu
v FeCl
3
; BaCl
2
v CuSO
4
; Ba v NaHCO
3
. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to
ra dung dch l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 67: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
, Cr(NO
3
)
3
,
K
2
CO
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 68: Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c
5,6 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Th tch kh O
2
( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l
A. 2,80 lt. B. 3,92 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,68 lt.
Cu 69: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu
2+
v 1 mol Ag
+

n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi
tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,2. B. 2,0. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Cu 70: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + HCl (long) B. Cu + HCl (long) + O
2

C. Cu + H
2
SO
4
(long) D. Cu + Pb(NO
3
)
2
(long)
Cu 71: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ho: Zn-Cu l 1,1V; Cu-Ag l 0,46V. Bit th
in cc chun
+
Ag/Ag E = +0,8, th in cc chun
2+
Zn/ Zn E v
2+
Cu/Cu E c gi tr ln lt l
A. +1,56V v +0,64V. B. -1,56V v +0,64V.
C. -1,46V v -0,34V. D. -0,76V v +0,34V.
Cu 72: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha
mt oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A. 74,69%. B. 64,68%. C. 95,00%. D. 25,31%.
Cu 73: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N
2
v H
2
vi nng tng
ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH
3
t trng thi cn bng t
o
C, H
2
chim 50%
th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng KC t
o
C ca phn ng c gi tr l
A. 3,125. B. 0,500. C. 0,609. D. 2,500.
Cu 74: Cho cn bng trong bnh kn: 2NO
2
(kh)

N
2
O
4
(kh)
(nu ) (khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
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A. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit. B. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
C. H > 0, phn ng ta nhit. D. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit.
Cu 75: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c 940,8 ml kh
N
x
O
y
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
bng 22. Kh N
x
O
y
v kim loi M l
A. N
2
O v Fe. B. NO
2
v Al. C. N
2
O v Al. D. NO v Mg.
Cu 76: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca
chng l:
A. Mg, Zn, Cu. B. Al, Fe, Cr. C. Fe, Cu, Ag. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
Cu 77: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 4HCl + PbO
2
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
(b) HCl + NH
4
HCO
3
NH
4
Cl + CO
2
+ H
2
O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO
3
2NO
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl
2
+ H
2
.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu78: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long, un nng v
khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 137,1. B. 108,9. C. 97,5. D. 151,5.
Cu 79: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. Mg, K, Si, N. B. K, Mg, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. N, Si, Mg, K.
Cu 80: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn
hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Cu 81: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaNO
3
.
(V) Sc kh NH
3
vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. I, II v III. B. II, V v VI. C. II, III v VI. D. I, IV v V.
Cu 82: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500
ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Cu 83: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
B. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
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C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
Cu 84: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO
3
0,1M v Cu(NO
3
)
2

0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 0,64. C. 4,08. D. 2,16.
Cu 85: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung
dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam
mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,4. B. 52,2. C. 58,0. D. 54,0.
Cu 86: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui
tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai
mui X, Y ln lt l:
A. CaCO
3
, NaNO
3
. B. KMnO
4
, NaNO
3
. C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
. D. NaNO
3
, KNO
3
.
Cu 87: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt
ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
. B. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
.
C. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v FeO. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 88: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO
3
c, nng thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH
3
(d) vo
dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng
ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. 78,05% v 2,25. B. 21,95% v 2,25. C. 78,05% v 0,78. D. 21,95% v
0,78.
Cu 89: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67
gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc
ca X l
A. H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
. B. (H
2
N)
2
C
3
H
5
COOH.
C. H
2
NC
2
H
3
(COOH)
2
. D. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH.
Cu 90: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl
2
0,1M v NaCl 0,5M
(in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu
c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 5,40. B. 4,05. C. 2,70. D. 1,35.
Cu 91: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v H
2
SO
4
0,25M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 4,48. D. 17,8 v 2,24.
Cu 92: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu
c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch Y, thu
c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,3. B. 45,6. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Cu 93: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t
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c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung dch
AgNO
3
(d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 52,8% . B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%.
Cu 94: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H
2
O
2
, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O
2
(
ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H
2
O
2
) trong 60 giy trn l
A. 55,0.10mol/(l.s) B. 45,0.10mol/(l.s).
C 42,5.10mol/(l.s). D.31,0.10mol/(l.s).
Cu 95: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO
3
(xc tc MnO
2
), KMnO
4
, KNO
3
v
AgNO
3
. Cht to ra lng O
2
ln nht l
A. KMnO
4
. B. KNO
3
. C. KClO3. D. AgNO
3
.
Cu 96: in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al
catot v 67,2 m
3
( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn
hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 67,5. B. 54,0. C. 75,6. D. 108,0.
Cu 97: C cc th nghim sau:
(I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO
2
vo nc brom.
(III) Sc kh CO
2
vo nc Gia-ven.
(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, ngui.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2
Cu 98: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH4)
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(2) CuSO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

(3) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(4) H
2
SO
4
+ BaSO
3

(5) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
(6) Fe
2
(SO
4
)3 + Ba(NO
3)2

Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (6) B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5),
(6).
Cu 99: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
C. St trng nc sinh hot. D. Cha su rng.
Cu 100: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl
2
v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 :
2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO
3
(d) vo dung dch X,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 57,4. B. 10,8. C. 68,2. D. 28,7.
Cu 101 : Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,5M, thu c dung dch
X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. K
3
PO
4
v KOH. B. KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
.
C. KH
2
PO
4
v H
3
PO
4
. D. KH
2
PO
4
v K
3
PO
4
.
Cu 102: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon
ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
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A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8.
Cu 103: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
C. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
D. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
Cu 104: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v
AgNO
3
0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi
thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 1,72 gam B. 2,16 gam. C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,40 gam.
Cu 105: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo
dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng
ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. 78,05% v 2,2 B. 21,95% v 2,25. C. 78,05% v 0,78. D. 21,95% v 0,78.
Cu 106: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s
mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,0 B. 0,06 v 0,02. C. 0,06 v 0,01. D. 0,03 v 0,02.
Cu 107: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?
A. KCl. B. K
2
CO
3
. C. NH
4
NO
3
. D. NaNO
3
.
Cu 108: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3.

B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
C. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
D. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
Cu 109: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
C. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
D. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
Cu 110: Ch t r n X pha n ng v i dung di ch HCl c dung di ch Y. Cho t t dung di ch NH
3
n d
vo dung d ch Y, ban u xu t hi n k t tu a xanh , sau o k t tu a tan , thu c dung di ch ma u xanh
th m. Ch t X la
A. FeO B. Fe C. CuO D. Cu
Cu 111: Cho h n h p g m 6,72 gam Mg va 0,8 gam MgO ta c du ng h t v i l ng d dung di ch
HNO
3
. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton , thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung dch Y.
Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mu i khan. Kh X l
A. NO
2
B. N
2
O C. NO D. N
2
Cu 112: Cho 1,56 gam h n h p g m Al va Al
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V
lt kh H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta ,
lc ht lng kt ta, nung n kh i l ng khng i thu c 2,04 gam ch t r n. Gi tr ca V la
A. 0,672 B. 0,224 C. 0,448 D. 1,344
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Cu 113: Cho bi t th t t tra i sang pha i cu a ca c c p oxi hoa - kh trong da y i n hoa (dy th in
c c chu n) nh sau : Zn
2+
/Zn ; Fe
2+
/Fe; Cu
2+
/Cu; Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
; Ag
+
/Ag
Cc kim loi v ion u phn ng c vi ion Fe
2+
trong dung di ch la
A. Zn, Cu
2+
B. Ag, Fe
3+
C. Ag, Cu
2+
D. Zn, Ag
+
Cu 114: Ho tan hn hp gm : K
2
O, BaO, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
vo nc (d), thu c dung di ch X va
ch t r n Y. Sc kh CO
2
n d vo dung dch X, sau khi ca c pha n ng xa y ra hoa n toa n thu c k t
ta l
A. K
2
CO
3
B. Fe(OH)
3
C. Al(OH)
3
D. BaCO
3

Cu 115: Cho 9,125 gam mu i hirocacbonat pha n ng h t v i dung di ch H
2
SO
4
(d), thu c dung
dch cha 7,5 gam mu i sunfat trung hoa . Cng th c cu a mu i hirocacbonat la
A. NaHCO
3
B. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
C. Ba(HCO
3
)
2
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
Cu 116: Thu phn hon ton 3,42 gam saccaroz trong mi tr ng axit , thu c dung di ch X. Cho
ton b dung dch X phn ng ht vi l ng d dung di ch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un no ng, thu c m
gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,60 B. 2,16 C. 4,32 D. 43,20
Cu 117: Lin k t ho a ho c gi a ca c nguyn t trong phn t H
2
O la lin k t
A. c ng hoa tri khng phn c c B. hiro
C. ion D. c ng hoa tri phn c c
Cu 118 : Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Dung di ch NaF pha n ng v i dung di ch AgNO
3
sinh ra AgF k t tu a
B. Iot co ba n ki nh nguyn t l n hn brom
C. Axit HBr co ti nh axit y u hn axit HCl
D. Flo co ti nh oxi hoa y u hn clo
Cu 119 : Cho ca c dung di ch loa ng:
(1) FeCl
3
, (2) FeCl
2
, (3) H
2
SO
4
, (4) HNO
3
, (5) h n h p g m HCl va NaNO
3
.
Nh ng dung di ch pha n ng c v i kim loa i Cu la
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (5) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (1), (3), (4)
Cu 120 : Cc kim loi X, Y, Z co c u hi nh electron nguyn t l n l t la : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
; 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
;
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l
A. X, Y, Z B. Z, X, Y C. Z, Y, X D. Y, Z, X
Cu 121:: Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l
A. K
+
, Ba
2+
, OH
-
, Cl
-
B. Al
3+
, PO
4
3-
, Cl
-
, Ba
2+
C. Na
+
, K
+
, OH
-
, HCO
3
-
D. Ca
2+
, Cl
-
, Na
+
, CO
3
2-
Cu 122: Cho cn b ng hoa ho c :
5 3 2
PCl (k) PCl (k) Cl (k); H 0 + A >
Cn b ng chuy n di ch theo chi u thu n khi
A. thm PCl
3
vo h phn ng B. tng nhi t cu a h pha n ng
C. thm Cl
2
vo h phn ng D. tng a p su t cu a h pha n ng
Cu 123: Nguyn t S o ng vai tro v a la ch t kh , v a la ch t oxi hoa trong pha n ng na o sau y?
A. 4S + 6NaOH
(c)

0
t
2Na
2
S + Na
2
S
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
B. S + 3F
2

0
t
SF
6
C. S + 6HNO
3 (c)
0
t
H
2
SO
4
+ 6NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
D. S + 2Na
0
t
Na
2
S
Cu 124: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l
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A. Na, K, Mg B. Be, Mg, Ca C. Li, Na, Ca D. Li, Na, K
Cu 125: Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO
3
0,8M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht ca
5
N
+
). Ga tr ca a l
A. 8,4 B. 5,6 C. 11,2 D. 11,0
Cu 126: Cho phn ng
Na
2
SO
3
+ KMnO
4
+ NaHSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A. 23 B. 27 C. 47 D. 31
Cu 127: Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch l
A. AlCl
3
B. CuSO
4
C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2

Cu 128: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi
lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 56,37% B. 37,58% C. 64,42% D. 43,62%
Cu 129: Cho s chuyn ho sau :

X Y Z
2 3 2 3
CaO CaCl Ca(NO ) CaCO
+ + +

Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. Cl
2
, AgNO
3
, MgCO
3
B. Cl
2
, HNO
3
, CO
2
C. HCl, HNO
3
, Na
2
NO
3
D. HCl, AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
Cu 130: Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X. trung
ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn trm v khi lng ca
nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l
A. 37,86% B. 35,95% C. 23,97% D. 32,65%
Cu 131: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. 0,4M B. 0,2M C. 0,6M D. 0,1M
Cu 132: Cho phn ng : Br
2
+ HCOOH 2HBr + CO
2
Nng ban u ca Br
2
l a mol/lt, sau 50 giy nng Br
2
cn li l 0,01 mol/lt. Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng trn tnh theo Br
2
l 4.10
-5
mol (l.s). Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,018 B. 0,016 C. 0,012 D. 0,014
Cu 133: Thuc th dng phn bit dung dch NH
4
NO
3
vi dung dch (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
l
A. dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl B. ng(II) oxit v dung dch HCl
C. ng(II) oxit v dung dch NaOH D. kim loi Cu v dung dch HCl
Cu 134: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Crom(VI) oxit l oxit baz
B. Ancol etylic bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO
3
C. Khi phn ng vi dung dch HCl, kim loi Cr b oxi ho thnh ion Cr
2+
D. Crom(III) oxit v crom(II) hiroxit u l cht c tnh lng tnh
Cu 135: Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn hon ton AgNO
3
l
A. Ag, NO
2
, O
2
B. Ag
2
O, NO, O
2
C. Ag, NO, O
2
D. Ag
2
O, NO
2
, O
2
Cu 136: Cho phn ng : Br
2
+ HCOOH 2HBr + CO
2
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Nng ban u ca Br
2
l a mol/lt, sau 50 giy nng Br
2
cn li l 0,01 mol/lt. Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng trn tnh theo Br
2
l 4.10
-5
mol (l.s). Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,018 B. 0,016 C. 0,012 D. 0,014
Cu 137: Thuc th dng phn bit dung dch NH
4
NO
3
vi dung dch (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
l
A. dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl B. ng(II) oxit v dung dch HCl
C. ng(II) oxit v dung dch NaOH D. kim loi Cu v dung dch HCl
Cu 138: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Crom(VI) oxit l oxit baz
B. Ancol etylic bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO
3
C. Khi phn ng vi dung dch HCl, kim loi Cr b oxi ho thnh ion Cr
2+
D. Crom(III) oxit v crom(II) hiroxit u l cht c tnh lng tnh
Cu 139: Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn hon ton AgNO
3
l
A. Ag, NO
2
, O
2
B. Ag
2
O, NO, O
2
C. Ag, NO, O
2
D. Ag
2
O, NO
2
, O
2
Cu 140: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H
2
nhit
cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H
+
trong dung dch axit long thnh H
2
. Kim loi M l
A. Al B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu
Cu 141: Cho m gam bt crom phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c V lt kh H
2

(ktc). Mt khc cng m gam bt crom trn phn ng hon ton vi kh O
2
(d) thu c 15,2 gam
oxit duy nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 B. 4,48 C. 3,36 D. 6,72
Cu 142: Cho bit
2
o
Mg / Mg
E
+
= 2,37V;
2
o
Zn / Zn
E
+
= 0,76V;
2
o
Pb /Pb
E
+
= 0,13V;
2
o
Cu /Cu
E
+
= +0,34V.
Pin in ha c sut in ng chun bng 1,61V c cu to bi hai cp oxi ha-kh.
A. Pb
2+
/Pb v Cu
2+
/Cu B. Zn
2+
/Zn v Pb
2+
/Pb
C. Zn
2+
/Zn v Cu
2+
/Cu D. Mg
2+
/Mg v Zn
2+
/Zn
Cu 143: in phn dung dch CuSO
4
vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch CuSO
4

vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l
A. catot xy ra s oxi ha: 2H
2
O +2e 2OH

+H
2

B. anot xy ra s kh: 2H
2
O O
2
+ 4H
+
+4e
C. anot xy ra s oxi ha: Cu Cu
2+
+2e
D. catot xy ra s kh: Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
Cu 144: Dung dch no sau y c pH > 7 ?
A. Dung dch NaCl B. Dung dch NH
4
Cl
C. Dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
D. Dung dch CH
3
COONa
Cu 145: Thuc th dng phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit : NaCl, NaHSO
4
, HCl l
A. NH
4
Cl B. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
C. BaCl
2
D. BaCO
3

Cu 146: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu
c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO
3
(d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO
3
phn ng l
A. 0,12 . B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Cu 147: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H
2
S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua
mt lng d dung dch
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B. NaHS. C. AgNO
3
. D. NaOH.
Cu 148: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ngui.
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B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
Cu 149: Kh hon ton m gam oxit M
x
O
y
cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim
loi M. Ha tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh SO
2
(sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit M
x
O
y
l
A. Cr
2
O
3
. B. FeO. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. CrO.
Cu 150: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl
2
, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
,
KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 151: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
. B. Cl
2
, CO
2
, C
2
H
2
.
C. NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4
. D. HCl, C
2
H
2
, Br
2
.
Cu 153: Mt ion M
2+
c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. B. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
. C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
5
4s
2
.
Cu 154: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong cc dd: HCl, H
2
SO
4
, H
2
S c cng nng 0,01M, dd H
2
S c pH ln nht.
B. Nh dd NH
3
t t ti d vo dd CuSO
4
, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. dd Na
2
CO
3
lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dd NH
3
t t ti d vo dd AlCl
3
, thu c kt ta trng.
Cu 155: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm
cc cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52%. B. 42,25%. C. 39,76%. D. 45,75%.
Cu 156: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dd H
2
SO
4
c nng (d).
Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam
hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
Cu 157: i n phn (v i i n c c tr) 200 ml dd CuSO
4
n ng x mol /l, sau m t th i gian thu c
dd Y v n co n ma u xanh , c khi lng gim 8g so v i dd ban u . Cho 16,8g b t Fe va o Y , sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4g kim loa i. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25 B. 1,5 C. 1,25 D. 3,25
Cu 158: Tr n 10,8g b t Al v i 34,8g b t Fe
3
O
4
r i ti n ha nh pha n ng nhi t nhm trong i u ki n
khng co khng khi . Ho tan hon to n h n h p r n sau pha n ng b ng dd H
2
SO
4
long (d) thu
c 10,752 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Hi u su t cu a pha n ng nhi t nhm la
A. 80% B. 90% C. 70% D. 60%
Cu 159: Cho dd X ch a KMnO
4
v H
2
SO
4
(long) l n l t va o ca c dd : FeCl
2
, FeSO
4
, CuSO
4
,
MgSO
4
, H
2
S, HCl ( c). S tr ng h p co xa y ra pha n ng oxi hoa - kh la
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6
Cu 160: Cho 150 ml dd KOH 1,2M ta c du ng v i 100 ml dd AlCl
3
n ng x mol/l, thu c dd Y va
4,68 gam k t tu a. Loi b k t tu a, thm ti p 175 ml dd KOH 1,2M va o Y, thu c 2,34 gam k t tu a.
Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2 B. 0,8 C. 0,9 D. 1,0
Cu 161: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
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A. dd m c cu a Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
c go i la thuy tinh lo ng
B. a m cha y magie co th c d p t t b ng ca t kh
C. CF
2
Cl
2
b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hu tng ozon
D. Trong pho ng thi nghi m, N
2
c i u ch b ng ca ch un no ng dd NH
4
NO
2
bo ho
Cu 162: C 4 dd ring bi t : CuSO
4
, ZnCl
2
, FeCl
3
, AgNO
3
. Nhng vo mi dd mt thanh Ni . S
tr ng h p xu t hi n n mo n i n hoa la
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Cu 163: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam h n h p X g m hai kim loa i ki m th va o 200 ml dd HCl
1,25M, thu c dung di ch Y ch a ca c ch t tan co n ng mol b ng nhau. Hai kim loa i trong X la
A. Mg va Ca B. Be va Mg C. Mg va Sr D. Be va Ca
Cu 164: Cho ca c cn b ng sau
(I) 2HI (k) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) ;
(II) CaCO
3
(r) CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(IV) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k)
Khi gia m a p su t cu a h , s cn b ng bi chuy n di ch theo chi u nghi ch la
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 165: Cho s chuy n hoa :

3 4
2 5
H PO KOH KOH
PO X Y Z
+ + +

Cc cht X, Y, Z l n l t la :
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
B. KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, K
3
PO
4
C. K
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
D. KH
2
PO
4
, K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4

Cu 166: t chy hon ton m gam FeS
2
b ng m t l ng O
2
v a u , thu c khi X. H p thu h t X
vo 1 lt dd cha Ba (OH)
2
0,15M va KOH 0,1M, thu c dd Y va 21,7 gam k t tu a. Cho Y va o dd
NaOH, th y xu t hi n thm k t tu a. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0
Cu 167: Cho ca c c p ch t v i ti l s mol tng ng nh sau :
(a) Fe
3
O
4
v Cu (1:1) (b) Sn va Zn (2:1) (c) Zn va Cu (1:1)
(d) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Cu (1:1) (e) FeCl
2
v Cu (2:1) (g) FeCl
3
v Cu (1:1)
S c p ch t tan hoa n toa n trong m t l ng d dung di ch HCl loa ng no ng la
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 168: dd X ch a ca c ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
,
3
HCO

v Cl

, trong o s mol cu a ion Cl

l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dd


X pha n ng v i dd NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam k t tu a . Cho 1/2 dd X co n la i pha n ng v i dd
Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c 3 gam k t tu a. M t kha c, n u un si n ca n dd X thi thu c m gam ch t
r n khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21 B. 9,26 C. 8,79 D. 7,47
Cu 169: H n h p X g m CuO va Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X b ng dd HCl (d), sau pha n
ng thu c dd cha 85,25 gam mu i . M t kha c, n u kh hoa n to n 22 gam X b ng CO (d), cho
h n h p khi thu c sau pha n ng l i t t qua dd Ba (OH)
2
(d) th thu c m gam kt ta . Gi tr
ca m l
A. 76,755 B. 73,875 C. 147,750 D. 78,875
Cu 170: Cho m t s nh n i nh v nguyn nhn gy nhi m mi tr ng khng khi nh sau :
(1) Do hoa t ng cu a nu i l a
(2) Do khi tha i cng nghi p, kh thi sinh hot
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(3) Do khi tha i t ca c phng ti n giao thng
(4) Do khi sinh ra t qua tri nh quang h p cy xanh
(5) Do n ng cao cu a ca c ion kim loa i : Pb
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Cu
2+
trong ca c ngu n n c
Nh ng nh n i nh u ng la :
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (5) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (2), (3), (4)
Cu 171: H n h p b t X g m Cu , Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X t rong oxi (d), thu c 40,3
gam h n h p g m CuO va ZnO . M t kha c, n u cho 0,25 mol X pha n ng v i m t l ng d dd KOH
long nng, th thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Ph n trm kh i l ng cu a Cu trong X la
A. 19,81% B. 29,72% C. 39,63% D. 59,44%
Cu 172: Cho 0,3 mol b t Cu va 0,6 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dd cha 0,9 mol H
2
SO
4
(long). Sau khi ca c
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V li t khi NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08
Cu 173: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Trong mi tr ng ki m , mu i Cr (III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mu i Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb
2+
/Pb ng tr c 2H
+
/H
2
trong da y i n hoa nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dd HCl long
ngu i, gii phng kh H
2
.
C. CuO nung no ng khi ta c du ng v i NH
3
ho c CO, u thu c Cu
D. Ag khng pha n ng v i dd H
2
SO
4
long nhng phn ng vi dd H
2
SO
4
c no ng.
Cu 174: dd axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi pha long 10 ln dd trn th thu c dd c pH = 4.
B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dd HCl.
C. Khi pha lang dd trn th in li ca axit fomic tng.
D. in li ca axit fomic trong dd trn l 14,29%.
Cu 175: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t
nc, c c ri thm dd Na
2
S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc
thi b nhim bi ion
A. Fe
2+
. B. Cu
2+
. C. Pb
2+
. D. Cd
2+
.
Cu 176: Cho s chuyn ha:
Fe
3
O
4
+ dd HI (d) X + Y + H
2
O
Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I
2
. B. FeI
3
v FeI
2
. C. FeI
2
v I
2.
D. FeI
3
v I
2
.
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HI FeI
2
+ 2FeI
3
+ 4H
2
O ; 2Fe
3+
+ 2I
-
d
2Fe
2+
+ I
2
;
Cu 177: Dung di ch X co ch a : 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol
2
4
SO

v x mol OH
-
. Dung di ch Y co ch a
4 3
ClO , NO

v y mol H
+
; t ng s mol
4
ClO

v
3
NO

l 0,04. Tr n X va Y c 100 ml dung di ch Z .


Dung di ch Z co pH (b qua s in li ca H
2
O) l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 12 D. 13
Cu 178: Cho 19,3 gam h n h p b t Zn va Cu co ti l mol tng ng la 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2
mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau khi ca c pha n ng xa y ra hoa n toa n, thu c m gam kim loa i. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,40 B. 16,53 C. 12,00 D. 12,80
Cu 179: H n h p khi X g m N
2
v H
2
c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un no ng X m t th i gian trong
bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc ), thu c h n h p khi Y co ti kh i so v i He b ng 2. Hi u su t cu a
phn ng tng hp NH
3
l
A. 50% B. 36% C. 40% D. 25%
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Cu 180: Cho cn b ng 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k). Khi tng nhi t thi ti kh i cu a h n h p khi
so v i H
2
gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l :
A. Phn ng nghch to nhit, cn b ng di ch chuy n theo chi u thu n khi tng nhi t .
B. Phn ng thun to nhit, cn b ng di ch chuy n theo chi u nghi ch khi tng nhi t .
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn b ng di ch chuy n theo chi u thu n khi tng nhi t .
D. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn b ng di ch chuy n theo chi u nghi ch khi tng nhi t .
Cu 181: Cho m gam NaOH va o 2 lt dung dch NaHCO
3
n ng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung dch X.
L y 1 lt dung dch X tc dng v i dung di ch BaCl
2
(d) thu c 11,82 gam k t tu a. M t kha c, cho 1
lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl
2
(d) r i un no ng, sau khi k t thu c ca c pha n ng thu c 7,0
gam k t tu a. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng la
A. 0,04 v 4,8 B. 0,07 v 3,2 C. 0,08 v 4,8 D. 0,14 v 2,4
Cu 182: Cho dung di ch X g m : 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
-
; 0,006
3
HCO

v
0,001 mol
3
NO

. loa i bo h t Ca
2+
trong X c n m t l ng va u dung di ch ch a a gam Ca (OH)
2

Ga tr ca a l
A. 0,222 B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
Cu 183: H n h p khi na o sau y khng t n ta i nhi t th ng ?
A. H
2
v F
2
B. Cl
2
v O
2
C. H
2
S va N
2
D. CO va O
2
Cu 184: Nung no ng t ng c p ch t trong bi nh ki nh:
(1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe
2
O
3
+ CO (k), (3) Au + O
2
(k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(r), (5) Cu + KNO
3
(r) ,
(6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l :
A. (1), (3), (6) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (2), (5), (6)
Cu 185: C cc pht biu sau :
(1) Lu huy nh, photpho u b c cha y khi ti p xu c v i CrO
3

(2) Ion Fe
3+
c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d
5
(3) B t nhm t b c cha y khi ti p xu c v i khi clo
(4) Phn chua c cng th c Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O
Cc pht biu ng l
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (4)
Cu 186: Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u ta c du ng v i n c nhi t thng
B. Kim loa i xeri c du ng ch ta o t ba o quang i n
C. Kim loa i magie co ki u ma ng tinh th l p phng tm di n
D. Theo chi u tng d n cu a i n ti ch ha t nhn , cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari ) c nhit
nng chy gim dn
Cu 187: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X . N u cho 110 ml dung di ch
KOH 2M va o X thi thu c 3a gam k t tu a. M t kha c, n u cho 140 ml dung di ch KOH 2M va o X thi
thu c 2a gam k t tu a. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,20 B. 24,15 C. 17,71 D. 16,10
Cu 188: Nh n i nh na o sau y u ng khi no i v 3 nguyn t :
26 55 26
13 26 12
X, Y, Z ?
A. X, Y thu c cu ng m t nguyn t hoa ho c
B. X va Z co cu ng s kh i
C. X va Y co cu ng s ntron
D. X, Z la 2 ng vi cu a cu ng m t nguyn t hoa ho c
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Cu 189: Cho x mol Fe tan hoa n toa n trong dung di ch ch a y mol H
2
SO
4
(t l x : y = 2 : 5), thu c
m t sa n ph m kh duy nh t va dung di ch chi ch a m i sunfat . S mol electron do l ng Fe trn
nh ng khi bi hoa tan la
A. 3x B. y C. 2x D. 2y
Cu 190: Cho ca c ch t: NaHCO
3
, CO, Al(OH)
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, HF, Cl
2
, NH
4
Cl. S ch t ta c du ng c v i
dung di ch NaOH loa ng nhi t th ng la
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cu 191: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chi u tng cu a i n ti ch ha t nhn thi
A. Bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng
B. Bn knh nguyn t tng, m i n gia m
C. Bn knh nguyn t gim, m i n tng
D. Bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim
Cu 192: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Cu 193: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v
2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha dung
dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 12,78 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
Cu 194: Cho 4 dung dch: H
2
SO
4
long, AgNO
3
, CuSO
4
, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4
dung dch trn l
A. KOH. B. BaCl
2
. C. NH
3
. D. NaNO
3
.
Cu 195: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl
2
(vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in ha xy ra
khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
B. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
C. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ha Cl
-
.
Cu 196: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Hiro sunfua b oxi ha bi nc clo nhit thng.
B. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ha: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp cht.
D. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v
than cc 1200
0
C trong l in.
Cu 197: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg. B. Zn, Cu, Fe. C. MgO, Na, Ba. D. Zn, Ni, Sn.
Cu 198: Trong phn ng: K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ HCl CrCl
3
+ Cl
2
+ KCl + H
2
O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi
tr ca k l : A. 4/7. B. 1/7. C. 3/14. D. 3/7.
Cu 199: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na
2
CO
3

0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,030. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,015.
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Cu 200: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO
4
c cng s mol, n khi
catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c
anot l
A. kh Cl
2
v O
2
. B. kh H
2
v O
2
. C. ch c kh Cl
2
. D. kh Cl
2
v H
2
.
Cu 201: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO
4
v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng
in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
Cu 202: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH
3
(ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn
X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,37%. B. 87,63%. C. 14,12%. D. 85,88%.
Cu 203: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ha thch; nhng
ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).
Cu 204: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H
2
. C cn dung dch Y thu
c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O
2
(d) to hn hp
3 oxit th th tch kh O
2
(ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
Cu 205: Xt cn bng: N
2
O
4
(k) 2NO
2
(k) 25
0
C. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng
mi nu nng ca N
2
O
4
tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO
2

A. tng 9 ln. B. tng 3 ln. C. tng 4,5 ln. D. gim 3 ln.




BI TP V I CNG KIM LOI

1.11a Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S
cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
2.11a Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
3.11a Cu 58: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A.Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
5.10a Cu 47: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch
AgNO3 l:
A.MgO, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni, Sn. C. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg.
7.09a Cu 5: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v
Al2O3; Cu v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong
nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l
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A.3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
8.09a Cu 7: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi
lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4. B. MnO2. C. CaOCl2. D. K2Cr2O7
9.09a Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
10.09a Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi
cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
11.09a Cu 16: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u
l
A.0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
12.09a Cu 24: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc
vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A.I, II v IV. B. I, II v III. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
13.09a Cu 26: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c
c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l
A.7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
14.09a Cu 36: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
15.09a Cu 58: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ho: Zn-Cu l 1,1V; Cu-Ag l 0,46V.
Bit th in cc chun E oAg+/Ag=+0,8 Th in cc chun E o Zn2+/Zn v EoCu2+/Cuc gi
tr ln lt l
A.-0,76V v +0,34V. B. -1,46V v -0,34V.
C. +1,56V v +0,64V. D. -1,56V v +0,64V.
16.08a Cu 22: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp
rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
17.08a Cu 52: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO4 v in cc Cu
nhng trong dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian pin phng in th khi lng
A. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u tng.
B. in cc Zn gim cn khi lng in cc Cu tng.
C. in cc Zn tng cn khi lng in cc Cu gim.
D. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u gim.
18.07a Cu 7: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
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19.07a Cu 41: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit
cao.Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
20.07a Cu 46: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in
phn hp cht nng chy ca chng, l:
A.Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al.
21.07a Cu 49: Mnh khng ng l:
A. Fe2+ oxi ho c Cu.
B. Fe kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch.
C. Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+
. D. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe2+, H+, Cu2+, Ag+.
22.Cd11Cu 28: t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2
gam hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A.4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
23.Cd11Cu 29: Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Be. C. Li, Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, K, Rb.
24.Cd11Cu 30: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha.
B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ha.
D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
25.Cd11Cu 36: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A.FeO, MgO, CuO B. PbO, K2O, SnO.
C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.
26.Cd11Cu 44: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l
A.Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
27.Cd11Cu 45: Cho phn ng:
6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O Trong
phn ng trn, cht oxi ha v cht kh ln lt l
K2Cr2O7 v FeSO4. B. K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4.
C. H2SO4 v FeSO4. D. FeSO4 v K2Cr2O7.
28.Cd11 Cu 51: Cho gi tr th in cc chun ca mt s cp oxi ha kh:

Cp oxi ha/kh M2+/M X2+/X Y2+/Y Z2+/Z
E (V) -2,37 -0,76 -0,13 +0,34

A.X + M2+ X2+ + M B.X + Z2+ X2+ + Z
C.Z + Y2+ Z2+ + Y D.Z + M2+ Z2+ + M
29.11a Cu 36: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th
canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn
knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A.0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
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30.10a Cu 49: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl
ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
31.09a Cu 38: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long,
ngui.
32.08a Cu 50: Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi
Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
33.07a Cu 15: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng)
b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng)
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3
e) CH3CHO + H2 Ni,
g) C2H4 + Br2
f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
h) glixerol (glixerin) + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
34.07a Cu 34: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
35.10cd Cu 5: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
H2O. Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
36.10cd Cu 18: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy
th in cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v
ion u phn ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:
A.Zn, Ag+. B. Ag, Cu2+. C. Ag, Fe3+. D. Zn, Cu2+.
37.10cd Cu 36: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
38.09cd Cu 37: Nguyn tc chung c dng iu ch kim loi l
A. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh.
B. oxi ho ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
C. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
D. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ho.
39.09cd Cu 38: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau
phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A.Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe3O4 v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe2O3 v 0,448.
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40.09cd Cu 52: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Mg2+/Mg; Fe2+/Fe;
Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Dy ch gm cc cht, ion tc dng c vi ion Fe3+ trong dung
dch l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag+. B. Mg, Fe2+, Ag. C. Mg, Cu, Cu2+. D. Mg, Fe, Cu.
41.CD08Cu 10: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht
trong dy tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to thnh kt ta l
A.5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
42.CD08Cu 17: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn
ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A.1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
43.CD08Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht
trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
44.CD08Cu 47: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
45.CD08Cu 48: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A.Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.
46.CD08Cu 55: Cho bit phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra trong pin in ho Fe Cu l: Fe + Cu2+
Fe2+ + Cu ; E0 (Fe2+/Fe) = 0,44 V, E0 (Cu2+/Cu) = + 0,34 V. Sut in ng chun ca pin
in ho Fe - Cu l
A.1,66 V. B. 0,10 V. C. 0,78 V. D. 0,92 V.
47.Cd07Cu 4: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A.kim loi Mg. B. kim loi Cu. C. kim loi Ba. D. kim loi Ag.
48.Cd07Cu 7: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn;
Fe v Sn;Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe
b ph hu trc l
A.4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
49.Cd07Cu 8: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau:
Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+.
Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Fe v dung dch CuCl2. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl3.
C. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2. D. Cu v dung dch FeCl3.
50.Cd07Cu 13: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO,
Fe3O4, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn
khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A.MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
51.Cd07Cu 23: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
A.Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
52.Cd07Cu 46: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit
st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20.
Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho
H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
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A.FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 75%.
53.Cd07Cu 51: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn2+, Sn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Pb2+. Th t tnh oxi ho gim
dn l
A. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. B. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+.
C. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+. D. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.
54.11b Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) (b) FeS + H2SO4 (long) (c) MnO2 + HCl
(c)
t
o

(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
t
o
(e) Al + H2SO4 (long) (g) FeSO4 +
KMnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 6.
55.11b Cu 7: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
56.11b Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr.
57.11b Cu 32: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim
dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo
v.
58.11b Cu 58: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ho Zn Cu th
A. nng ca ion Zn2+ trong dung dch tng. B. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim.
C. nng ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch tng. D. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng.
59.09b Cu 12: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo
dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4
60.10b Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch:
FeCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh
l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
61.10b Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl
(d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam
X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
62.10b Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
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A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn
thnh mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung
dch HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4
c nng.
4.10a Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c
nhit nng chy gim dn.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
6.09aCu 1: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui ca chng l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
12CD Cu 6: Kim loi no sau y iu ch c bng phng php thy luyn?
A. Ca. B. K. C. Mg. D. Cu.
12CD Cu 10 : Ha tan hon ton 8,9 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn bng lng va 500 ml
dung dch HNO3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 1,008 lt kh N2O (ktc) duy nht
v dung dch X cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,10 B. 31,32 C. 34,32 D. 33,70
12CD Cu 25: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr) V lt dung dch CuCl2 0,5M. Khi dng in
phn thu c dung dch X v 1,68 lt kh Cl2 (ktc) duy nht anot. Ton b dung dch X tc
dng va vi 12,6 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,60. B. 0,15. C. 0,45. D. 0,80.
12CD Cu 27: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
Cho l Fe vo dung dch gm CuSO4 v H2SO4 long
t dy Fe trong bnh ng kh O2;
Cho l Cu vo dung dch gm Fe(NO3)2 v HNO3;
Cho l Zn vo dung dch HCl;
S th nghim c xy ra n mn in ha l
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 4
12CD Cu 29: Cho dy gm cc phn t v ion : Zn, S, FeO, SO2, Fe2+, Cu2+, HCl. Tng s phn
t v ion trong dy va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l
A. 7 B. 4 C. 6 D. 5
12CD Cu 30: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
Cho Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 ;
Cho Fe Vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3
Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4;
Dn kh CO (d) qua bt CuO nng.
Cc th nghim c to thnh kim loi l
A. (3) v (4). B. (1) v (2). C. (2) v (3). D. (1) v (4).
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12CD Cu 56: Cho th in cc chun ca cc cp oxi ha - kh Ag+/Ag, Cu2+/Cu, Pb2+/Pb,
Zn2+/Zn c gi tr ln lt l : +0,80V; +0,34V; -0,13V; -0,76V. Trong cc pin sau, pin no c
sut in ng chun ln nht?
A. Pin Pb-Cu. B. Pin Pb-Ag. C. Pin Zn-Cu D. Pin Zn-Ag.
12BCu 3: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) H2S + SO2 (b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 (long)
(c) SiO2 + Mg

2 : 1 , t
0
mol l t
(d) Al2O3 + dung dch NaOH
(e) Ag + O3 (g) SiO2 + dung dch HF
S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
12B Cu 11: Nguyn t R to c cation R+. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca R+ (
trng thi c bn) l 2p6. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l
A. 10. B. 11. C. 22. D. 23.
12B Cu 15: Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M;
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,72. B. 4,48. C. 3,20. D. 4,08.
12B Cu 20: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng dng
in khng i 2,68A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v
kh Z.
Cho 12,6 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5 gam hn hp kim loi v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca t l
A. 0,8. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 0,3.
12B Cu 22: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao
nhiu oxit trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 7. B. 8. C. 6. D. 5.
12B Cu 32: Cho cc cp oxi ho - kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho ca dng oxi
ha nh sau: Fe2+/Fe, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/Fe2+. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Fe2+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+. B. Cu2+ oxi ho c Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.
C. Fe3+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+. D. Cu kh c Fe3+ thnh Fe.
12B Cu 43: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. Vt dng lm bng nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc v c mng oxit bo v.
B. Crom l kim loi cng nht trong tt c cc kim loi.
C. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha bi HNO3 c, ngui.
D. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l s mol.
12B Cu 46: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu
c dung dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l
A. Mg(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3 v Mg(NO3)2.
C. AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
12B Cu 58: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c
nng,
d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y
vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta; cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
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A. 38,08. B. 24,64. C. 16,8. D. 11,2.
12A Cu 3: Khi ni v kim loi kim, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Cc kim loi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim.
B. Trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng hp cht.
C. T Li n Cs kh nng phn ng vi nc gim dn.
D. Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy v nhit si thp.
12A Cu 8: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl
(in cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca
qu trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 5,60. B. 11,20. C. 22,40. D. 4,48.
12A Cu 11: Cho s chuyn ho:
Fe(NO3)3

+ + + T FeCl CO t
Z Y X
3
0 0
t (d- ),
Fe(NO3)3
Cc cht X v T ln lt l
A. FeO v NaNO3. B. FeO v AgNO3.
C. Fe2O3 v Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe2O3 v AgNO3
12A Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng.
B. Cc nhm A bao gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p.
C. Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t kim loi nh hn bn knh nguyn t phi kim.
D. Cc kim loi thng c nh kim do cc electron t do phn x nh sng nhn thy c.
12A Cu 20: Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn
t Y to
vi kim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi lng. Kim loi M
l
A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Fe.
12A Cu 26: Trng hp no sau y xy ra n mn in ho?
A. Si dy bc nhng trong dung dch HNO3.
B. t l st trong kh Cl2.
C. Thanh nhm nhng trong dung dch H2SO4 long.
D. Thanh km nhng trong dung dch CuSO4.
Chuyn bi tp in phn
1.11a-273 Cu 1: in phn dd gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng
ngn xp) n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng
nc bay hi khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. B. KNO3, KCl v KOH.
C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. D. KNO3 v KOH.
2.11a Cu 16: Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in
cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht
catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c
c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A.4,788. B. 4,480. C. 1,680. D. 3,920.
3.11a Cu 50: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng
ngn xp) th
A. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl.
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B. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.
D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl.
4.10a Cu 37: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in
ho xy ra khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
B. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ho Cl.
C. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
D. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
5.10a Cu 42: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol,
n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm
thu c anot l
A.kh Cl2 v H2. B. kh Cl2 v O2. C. ch c kh Cl2. D. kh H2 v O2.
6.10a Cu 54: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng
dng in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A.1,344 lt. B. 2,240 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 2,912 lt.
7.10cd Cu 59: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch
CuSO4 vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l
A. catot xy ra s kh: Cu2+ + 2e Cu.
B. catot xy ra s oxi ho: 2H2O + 2e 2OH + H2.
C. anot xy ra s kh: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e.
D. anot xy ra s oxi ho: Cu Cu2+ + 2e.
8.Cd07Cu 17: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
9.10b Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi
gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u.
Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi.
Gi tr ca x l
A.2,25. B. 1,50. C. 1,25. D. 3,25.
10.09bCu 2: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl
0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung
dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
11.09b Cu 9: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c
m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.

BI TP V KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT

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1.09cd . Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O2, n khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng vi cht rn X l
A.400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
2.CD08.Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch
NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra y
mol kh N2O (sn phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A.x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
3.CD08.X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm
kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc,
khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra
cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A.Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
4.CD08.Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A.N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.
5.CD08.Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c
lng mui khan l
A.38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
6.CD08.Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4
long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
7.Cd07. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung
dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m
l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Mg = 24; S = 32; Fe = 56; Zn = 65)
A.9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
8.Cd07.Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%,
thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca
MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l (Cho H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56)
A.24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%.
9.Cd07.Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y
l
10.08b . Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay
hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
11.08b . Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng
sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c,
ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr
ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
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12.08b . Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
13.07b . Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn
phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4
14.07b . Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3
trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
15.07b . Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2. B. HNO3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.
16.07b . Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M
thot ra V1 lt NO. 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4
0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin.
Quan h gia V1 v V2 l (cho Cu = 64)
A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
17.07b . Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112
lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS2. C. FeO D. FeCO3.

BI TP KIM LOI TC DNG VI MUI

1.10a Cu 10: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung
dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi.
Gi tr ca m l
A.12,80. B. 12,00. C. 6,40. D. 16,53.
2.09a Cu 31: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X
l
A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
3.09a Cu 47: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1
mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi.
Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A.1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0.
4.08a Cu 44: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong
dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A.59,4. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 54,0.
5.10cd Cu 13: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn trm
v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
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A.56,37%. B. 64,42%. C. 43,62%. D. 37,58%.
6.09cd Cu 4: Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dd gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc dng vi lng
d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt l
A.8,10 v 5,43. B. 1,08 v 5,43. C. 0,54 v 5,16. D. 1,08 v 5,16.
7.09cd Cu 42: Nhng mt l kim loi M (ch c ho tr hai trong hp cht) c khi lng 50 gam
vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc dung dch, em c
cn thu c 18,8 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l
A.Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Zn.
8.09cd Cu 59: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.34,44. B. 47,4. C. 30,18. D. 12,96.
9.CD08Cu 35: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu.
B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.
C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.
10.CD08Cu 39: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
11.Cd07Cu 4: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A.kim loi Mg. B. kim loi Cu. C. kim loi Ba. D. kim loi Ag.
12.Cd07Cu 23: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
A.Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
13.11b Cu 46: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u.
Gi tr ca m l
A.20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75 . D. 32,50.
14.11b Cu 51: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian p thu
c 7,76 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53 gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l
A.5,12. B. 3,84. C . 5,76. D. 6,40.
15.09b Cu 5: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v
Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn
Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 2,16. C. 4,08. D. 0,64.
16.09b Cu 30: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 2,24. D. 17,8 v 4,48.
17.09b Cu 45: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dd hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M
v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam
(gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st p l
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A. 1,40 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,72
gam
18.08b Cu 56: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dd X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
A. 13,1 gam. B. 17,0 gam. C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1
gam.
19.07b Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt
thc cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l (cho Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. 90,27%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D.
12,67%.

BI TP V V TR, CU TO V TNH CHT CA KIM LOI

1.11a: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S cht v ion
va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
2.11a: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
3.11a: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A.Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
4.10a: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A.MgO, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni, Sn. C. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg.
5.09a: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cu
v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch
to ra dung dch l
A.3 . B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
6.09a: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng
d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4. B. MnO2. C. CaOCl2. D. K2Cr2O7
7.09a: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
8.09a: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi cn bng
phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3
l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
9.09a: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi
ha v tnh kh l
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A.7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
10.09a: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
11.Cd11: t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A.4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
12.Cd11: Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Be. C. Li, Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, K, Rb.
13.Cd11: Cho phn ng:
6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O
Trong phn ng trn, cht oxi ha v cht kh ln lt l
A. K2Cr2O7 v FeSO4. B. K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4.
C. H2SO4 v FeSO4. D. FeSO4 v K2Cr2O7.
14.11a: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc
nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh
nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A.0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
15.10a: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl ng vai
tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
16.09a: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
17.07a: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng) b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng)
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3 e) CH3CHO + H2 Ni, to
g) C2H4 + Br2
f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
h) glixerol (glixerin) + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
18.07a: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. S cht
trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
19.10cd: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
20.10cd: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
21.CD08: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy
tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to thnh kt ta l
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A.5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
22.CD08: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht trong dy
b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
23.CD08: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
24.11b: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long)
(b) FeS + H2SO4 (long)
(c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
t
o

(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
t
o

(e) Al + H2SO4 (long)
(g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 6.
25.11b: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
26.09b: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. (II) Sc
kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch
H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3 D. 4
27.10b: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch: FeCl2,
FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
28.11b: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr.
29.11b: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim
dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo
v.
30. Mt loi ng thau cha 60% Cu v 40%Zn. Hp kim ny c cu to tinh th hp cht ho hc.
Cng thc ho hc ca hp kim l cng thc no sau y?
A. CuZn2 B. Cu2Zn C. Cu2Zn3 D. Cu3Zn2
31. Mt hp kim to bi Cu, Al c cu to tinh th hp cht ho hc v c cha 12,3% khi lng
nhm. Cng thc ho hc ca hp kim l:
A. Cu3Al B. CuAl3 C. Cu2Al3 D. Cu3Al2
32. Trong hp kim Al - Ni c 5mol Al th c 0,5mol Ni. Thnh phn % ca hp kim l bao nhiu?
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A. 18% Al v 82% Ni B. 82% Al v 18% Ni
C. 20% Al v 80% Ni D. 80% Al v 20% Ni
33. Ho tan 6 gam hp kim Cu - Ag trong dung dch HNO3 to ra c 14,68 gam hn hp mui
Cu (NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca hp kim l bao nhiu?
A. 50% Cu v 50% Ag B. 64% Cu v 36% Ag
C. 36% Cu v 64% Ag D. 60% Cu v 40%Ag
34. Dung dch FeSO4 c ln tp cht CuSO4. C th dng cht no loi b tp cht:
A. Bt Fe d B. Bt Cu d C. Bt Al d D. Na d

BI TP S IN LI TRONG THI I HC, CAO NG

1. (C-2008) Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na
2
CO
3
(1), H
2
SO
4
(2), HCl (3), KNO
3
(4). Gi
tr pH ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. (3), (2), (4), (1) B. (4), (1), (2), (3) C. (1), (2), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4), (1)
2. (C-2008) Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, SO
3
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. S cht trong
dy to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl
2
l
A. 4 B. 6 C. 3 D. 2
3. (H B-2008) Cho dy cc cht: KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, C
12
H
22
O
11
(saccaroz),
CH
3
COOH, Ca(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
. S cht in li l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2
4. (H B-2008) Trn 100ml dung dch c pH=1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100ml dung dch NaOH
nng a (mol/l) thu c 200ml dung dch c pH=12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch
[H
+
][OH
-
]=10
-14
)
A. 0,15 B. 0,30 C. 0,03 D. 0,12
5. (H B-2008) Cho 0,1mol P
2
O
5
vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc
cht:
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
B. K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
C. K
3
PO
4
, KOH D. H
3
PO
4
,
KH
2
PO
4

6. (C-2007) Trong s cc dung dch: Na
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
, C
6
H
5
ONa.
Nhng dung dch c pH>7 l
A. Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa B. Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl, KCl
C. NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COONa, NaHSO
4
D. KCl, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa
7. (H B-2008) Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03M c 2V
ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
8. (C-2008) Cho dy cc cht: NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaCl, MgCl
2
, FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
. S cht trong dy
tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)
2
to thnh kt ta l
a. 5 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3
9. (C-2008) Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, SO
4
2
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
. Chia dung dch X thnh 2 phn
bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07
gam kt ta
- Phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl
2
, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng mui
khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi)
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A. 3,73 gam B. 7,04 gam C. 7,46 gam D. 3,52 gam
10. (H A-2009) Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi
gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300ml
dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
11. (H A-2009) Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO
3
, CaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
3
B. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, HCOONa, CuO
C. FeS, BaSO
4
, KOH D. AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, CuS
12. (H A-2009) Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lit kh (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l
A. 3,36 B. 1,12 C. 4,48 D. 2,24
13. (H A-2009) C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
,
Cr(NO
3
)
3
, K
2
CO
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
14. (H B-2009) Trn 100ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100ml dung
dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 13,0 B. 1,2 C. 1,0 D. 12,8
15. (H B-2009) Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(2) CuSO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

(3) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(4) H
2
SO
4
+ BaSO
3

(5) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
(6) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

Cc phn ng u c cng 1 phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (6) B. (1), (3), (5), (6) C. (2), (3), (4), (6) D. (3), (4), (5), (6)
16. (H B-2009) Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M.
Bit 25
0
C, K
a
ca CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung
dch X 25
0
C l
A. 1,00 B. 4,24 C. 2,88 D. 4,76
17. (H A-2010) Dung dch X cha: 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol SO
4
2
v x mol OH
-
. Dung dch Y c
cha ClO
4
-
, NO
3
-
v y mol H
+
; tng s mol ClO
4
-
v NO
3
-
l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100ml dung
dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca nc) l
A. 2 B. 12 C. 13 D. 1
18. (H A-2010) Nh t t tng git n ht 30ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch cha
Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,015 B. 0,020 C. 0,010 D. 0,030
19. (H A-2010) Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
-
; 0,006 mol
HCO
3
-
v 0,001 mol NO
3
-
. loi b ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a(g)
Ca(OH)
2
. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,444 B. 0,222 C. 0,180 D. 0,120
20. (C-2010) Dy cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l
A. K
+
, Ba
2+
, OH
-
, Cl
-
B. Na
+
, K
+
, OH
-
, HCO
3
-

C. Ca
2+
, Cl
-
, Na
+
, CO
3
2-
D. Al
3+
, PO
4
3-
, Cl
-
,
Ba
2+

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21. (C-2010) Dung dch no sau y c pH>7?
A. Dung dch CH
3
COONa B. Dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

C. Dung dch NH
4
Cl D. Dung dch NaCl
22. (H B-2007) Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
. Dy
gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l
A. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4

C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
D. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4

23. (H B-2007) Cho bn phn ng:
(1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

(2) 2NaOH + (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
(3) BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
(4) 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O + FeSO
4
Fe(OH)
2
+ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4

S phn ng thuc loi phn ng axit-baz l
A. (1), (2) B. (2), (3) C. (2), (4) D. (3), (4)
24. (H A-2007) Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung
dch tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1
phn t in li)
A. y = 100x B. y = x-2 C. y = 2x D. y = x+2
25. (H A-2007) Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, ZnSO
4
, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
26. (H A-2011) Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 1M(K
a
=1,75.10
-5
) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca
dung dch X l
A.1,77. B. 2,33. C. 2,43. D. 2,55.
27. (H A-2011) : Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 1,00. C. 1,25. D. 0,75.
28. (H B-2011): Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H
+
, z mol Al
3+
, t mol NO
3
-
v 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
. Cho
120 ml dung dch Y gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu
c 3,732 gam kt a. Gi tr ca z, t ln lt l:
A. 0,020 v 0,012 B. 0,020 v 0,120 C. 0,012 v 0,096 D. 0,120 v 0,020
29. (H B-2011)Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30
ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4
0,5M v HNO
3
2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a
mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N
+5
). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O
2
thu c hn
hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H
2
O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l:
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
30. (H B-2011) Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K
2
CO
3
0,2M v
KOH x mol/lt , sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc
dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,0 B . 1,4 C. 1,2 D. 1,6
31. (H B-2011) Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol : (1) H
2
NCH
2
COOH, (2) CH
3
COOH, (3)
CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
. Dy xp theo th t pH tng dn l:
A. (3), (1), (2) B. (1), (2), (3) C. (2) , (3) , (1) D. (2), (1), (3
TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC- /C S 26-28 NG S 1 KDC METRO TP.CN TH HOTLI NE: 0909000895
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432

BI TP KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT

1.09a Cu 22: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git
cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr
ca V l
A.4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
2.07a Cu 11: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi
khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X
thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A.V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a +
b).
3.Cd11Cu 25: Ho tan hon ton 6,645 gam hn hp mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai
chu k k tip nhau vo nc c dung dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 18,655 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trn l
A.Rb v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. K v Rb.
4.10cd Cu 5: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
H2O. Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A.23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31.
5.10cd Cu 36: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
6.10cd Cu 37: Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l
A.AlCl3. B. CuSO4. C. Ca(HCO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.
7.10cd Cu 60: Thuc th dng phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit: NaCl, NaHSO4, HCl l
A.NH4Cl. B. (NH4)2CO3. C. BaCO3. D. BaCl2.
8.CD08Cu 9: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn
hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u
l
A.8,60 gam. B. 20,50 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,40 gam.
9.Cd07Cu 17: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc. B. in phn
dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc. D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
10.Cd07Cu 18: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
11.Cd07Cu 36: Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na2CO3 v NaClO.
C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3. D. NaOH v Na2CO3.
12.11b Cu 7: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
13.10b Cu 45: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 v Cl, trong s mol ca ion Cl
l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2
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dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu
un si n cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47
14.09b Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu
c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi
M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
15.08b Cu 24: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng
ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
16.07b Cu 25: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng
nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2. B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2. D. NaCl.
17.07b Cu 33: Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch
(gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
18.11b Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lk CHT
19.12CD Cu 3: Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l 2 : 1).
Cho X tc dng vi H2O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung
dch H2SO4 long (d) thu c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn ng u
xy ra hon ton. T l s mol ca Fe v Al trong X tng ng l
A. 1 : 2. B. 5 : 8. C. 5 : 16. D. 16 : 5.
20.12CD Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 1,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi
kim th Y (Mx < My) trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi X l
A. K. B. Na. C. Rb. D. Li.
21.12CD Cu 19: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A.Trong hp cht, tt c cc kim loi kim u c s oxi ha +1.
B.Trong nhm 1A, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gim dn t Li n Cs
C.Tt c cc hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA u d tan trong nc
D.Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi
22.12B Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung
dch X
trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi ht
300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 15,6 v 27,7. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 23,4 v 56,3. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
23.12B Cu 39: Cho hn hp K2CO3 v NaHCO3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO3)2
thu c kt
ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra th
ht
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560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l
A. 3,94 gam. B. 7,88 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,85 gam.

BI TP V KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT

1.11a Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3. B. NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3. D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
2.11a Cu 17: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O). B. vi (CaCO3).
C. Vi sng (CaO). D. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O).
3.11a Cu 36: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th
canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn
knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A.0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
4.10a Cu 3: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng
ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A.kali v bari. B. liti v beri. C. natri v magie. D. kali v canxi.
5.10a Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit
nng chy gim dn.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
6.10a Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung
dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1.
Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A.13,70 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 18,46 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
7.10a Cu 24: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung
dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt
khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng
thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A.0,08 v 4,8. B. 0,04 v 4,8. C. 0,14 v 2,4. D. 0,07 v 3,2.
8.10a Cu 30: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+; 0,006 mol Cl; 0,006 mol
HCO3 v 0,001 mol NO3. loi b ht Ca2+ trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a
gam Ca(OH)2. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,180. B. 0,120. C. 0,444. D. 0,222.
9.10a Cu 45: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha
Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A.0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
10.09a Cu 4: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.
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11.09a Cu 5: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v
Al2O3; Cu v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong
nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l
A.3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
12.09a Cu 7: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi
lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4. B. MnO2. C. CaOCl2. D. K2Cr2O7.
13.09a Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
14.08a Cu 27: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
15.Cd11Cu 29: Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A.Na, K, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Be. C. Li, Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, K,
Rb.
16.10cd Cu 3: Cho hn hp gm 6,72 gam Mg v 0,8 gam MgO tc dng ht vi lng d dung
dch HNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung
dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mui khan. Kh X l
A.N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.
17.10cd Cu 12: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M,
thu c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung
dch X l
A.0,6M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,4M.
18.10cd Cu 34: Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 (d), thu
c dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A.NaHCO3. B. Ca(HCO3)2. C. Ba(HCO3)2. D. Mg(HCO3)2.
19.10cd Cu 40: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
CaCl
2
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+Z
CaO CaCO
3
+X +Y
Cng thc ca
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. HCl, HNO3, Na2CO3. B. Cl2, HNO3, CO2.
C. HCl, AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3. D. Cl2, AgNO3, MgCO3.
20.09cd Cu 32: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr hai khng i trong hp cht)
trong hn hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh
phn ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A.Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
21.CD08Cu 3: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na2CO3 v HCl. B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4. C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2. D. NaCl v
Ca(OH)2.
22.CD08Cu 34: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn
hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
Mt khc, khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro
sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A.Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
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23.CD08Cu 43: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A.N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.
24.CD08Cu 48: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A.Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.
25.11b Cu 2: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl2 l:
A. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch HNO3. B. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch
HCl.
C. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO3, dung dch HCl. D. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2S, dung dch
HNO3.
26.11b Cu 29: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v
KOH x mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc
dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A.1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 1,4.
27.10b Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH,
Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A.4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
28.10b Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim
loi trong X l
A.Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca.
29.08b Cu 6: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-. Cht c
dng lm mm mu nc cng trn l
A. Na2CO3. B. HCl. C. H2SO4. D. NaHCO3.
30.08b Cu 16: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi
lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
31.08b Cu 17: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca3(PO4)2. B. NH4H2PO4. C. Ca(H2PO4)2. D. CaHPO4.
32.08b Cu 32: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi
qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
33.07b Cu 6: Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy
gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:
A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4. C.
NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
34.07b Cu 22: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi
lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)
A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.
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35.08aCu 3: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng
sau:
X
t
o
X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2
X + Y
1
+ H
2
O X
2
+Y X + Y
2
+ 2H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y

Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A.CaCO3, NaHSO4. B. BaCO3, Na2CO3.
C. CaCO3, NaHCO3. D. MgCO3, NaHCO3.
36.07a Cu 24: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng
a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l (cho C = 12, O = 16, Ba = 137)
A.0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
37.Cd11Cu 16: ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit
ca n cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A.Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.
38.Cd11Cu 23: Mt cc nc c cha cc ion: Na+ (0,02 mol), Mg2+(0,02 mol), Ca2+ (0,04
mol), Cl (0,02 mol), HCO3 (0,10 mol) v SO42 (0,01 mol). un si cc nc trn cho n khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th nc cn li trong cc
A. l nc mm. B. c tnh cng vnh cu. C. c tnh cng ton phn. D. c tnh cng
tm thi.
39.CD08Cu 10: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht
trong dy tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to thnh kt ta l
A.5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
40.CD08Cu 30: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. S cht
trong dy to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 l
A.4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.
41.11b Cu 32: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v.
42.12A Cu 25: Sc 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)2 0,12M v
NaOH 0,06M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 23,64. C. 7,88. D. 13,79.

BI TP V NHM V HP CHT

1.11a Cu 21: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H2O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam hn hp kim
loi Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng
(tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A.0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12.
2.11a Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3. S cht trong
dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
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3.11a Cu 24: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm
mu trong ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l
A. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. D. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
4.11a Cu 35: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4
0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc)
thot ra. Thm tip vo bnh 0,425 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam.
C. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam. D. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam.
5. 09a Cu 9: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8
ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim
loi M l
A.NO v Mg. B. NO2 v Al. C. N2O v Al. D. N2O v Fe.
6.09a Cu 16: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A.0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
7.09a Cu 21: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A.101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.
8.09a Cu 32: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung
dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y
so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
9.09a Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu
c 5,6 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn
hp X l
A.2,80 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
10.08a Cu 14: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol
H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l
A.0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
11.08a Cu 24: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d),
thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu
c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
12.08a Cu 30: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
13.08a Cu 44: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3
1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t
trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A.59,4. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 54,0.
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14.08a Cu 45: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau: -
Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc); - Phn 2 tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A.22,75 B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43.
15.07a Cu 3: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. ch c kt ta keo trng.
C. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
16.07a Cu 21: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c
kt ta th cn c t l
A.a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
17.07a Cu 34: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
18.07a Cu 40: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v
axit H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i).
Dung dch Y c pH l
A.1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
19.07a Cu 46: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in
phn hp cht nng chy ca chng, l:
A.Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al.
20.07a Cu 53: thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al2O3, b mol CuO, c mol
Ag2O), ngi ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau
thm (gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y. B. c mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
21.07a Cu 55: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch
KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l
A.4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
22.Cd11Cu 14: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4; (2) Sc
kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4; (3) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3; (4) Sc kh CO2
(d) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2; (5) Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3;
(6) Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l
A.5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
23.Cd11Cu 19: Nung hn hp gm 10,8 gam Al v 16,0 gam Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c
khng kh), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng kim loi trong Y l
A.16,6 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 5,6 gam. D. 22,4 gam.
24.Cd11Cu 28: t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2
gam hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A.4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
25.Cd11Cu 50: Cho hn hp X gm Cu, Ag, Fe, Al tc dng vi oxi d khi un nng c cht
rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d, khuy k, sau ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi
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dung dch NaOH long, d. Lc ly kt ta to thnh em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c cht rn Z. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn ca Z gm:
A.Fe2O3, CuO. B. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag. C. Fe2O3, Al2O3. D. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag2O.
26.10cdCu 1: Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu
c V lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch X thu
c kt ta, lc ht lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.
27.10cd Cu 17: Ho tan hn hp gm: K2O, BaO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 vo nc (d), thu c dung
dch X v cht rn Y. Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c kt ta l
A.Fe(OH)3. B. K2CO3. C. Al(OH)3. D. BaCO3.
28.09cd Cu 14: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo H2O thu c
200 ml dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO2 (d) vo Y thu
c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A.8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.
29.09cd Cu 28: Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long,
thu c dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh
ha nu trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un
nng, khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A.19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
30.09cd Cu 29: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH
l:
A. NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2. B. NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2.
C. NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3. D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.
31.09cd Cu 39: Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO4)2.12H2O vo nc, thu c
dung dch X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, sau phn ng thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
32.09cd Cu 40: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no
sau y?
A.Mg, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Zn, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg.
33.CD08Cu 14: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d
dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO3 long,
sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sn phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l
A.x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
34.CD08Cu 39: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
35.CD08Cu 44: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl
1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu
c lng mui khan l
A.38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
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36.CD08Cu 45: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c
khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi
V ml dung dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.150. B. 100. C. 200. D. 300.
37.CD08Cu 53: Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, MgO, CrO3. S
cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A.5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
38.CD08Cu 54: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch
H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2
( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca m l
A.42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
39.Cd07Cu 13: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO,
Fe3O4, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn
khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A.MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
40.Cd07Cu 21: Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu
c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta
Y. thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Na = 23; Al = 27;
S = 32; K = 39; Ba = 137)
A.1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.
41.Cd07Cu 53: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Cr2O3 v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH c (d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton
41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi
lng ca Cr2O3 trong hn hp X l (Cho: hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%; O = 16; Al = 27;
Cr = 52; Fe = 56)
A.50,67%. B. 20,33%. C. 66,67%. D. 36,71%.
42.Cd07Cu 55: Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh?
A. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. B. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2.
C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. D. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
43.11b Cu 8: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr2O3 (trong
iu kin khng c O2), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt
lng d dung dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt
H2 (ktc). Cn nu cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng l
A.0,14 mol. B. 0,08 mol. C. 0,16 mol. D. 0,06 mol.
44.11b Cu 24: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lt v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lt tc dng vi
612 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc,
khi cho 400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A.3 : 4. B. 3 : 2. C. 4 : 3. D. 7 : 4.
45.10b Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi
gian thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c
0,672 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A.0,12. B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
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46.10b Cu 5: Pht biu no sa uy khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui. B. Nhm c
tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol. D. Nhm v crom
u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
47.10b Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H2SO4, H2S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H2S c pH ln
nht.
B. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO4, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3, thu c kt ta trng.
48.10b Cu 22: Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch
H2SO4 long (d), thu c 10,752 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A.80%. B. 90%. C. 70%. D. 60%.
49.10b Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x
mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch
KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A.1,2. B. 0,8. C. 0,9. D. 1,0.
50.09b Cu 4: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X,
thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3.
51.09b Cu 9: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c
m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.
52.09b Cu 20: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch
Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
53.09b Cu 40: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
D. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
54.09b Cu 59: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c,
nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh
NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm
v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A.21,95% v 2,25. B. 78,05% v 2,25. C. 21,95% v 0,78. D. 78,05% v 0,78.
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55.08b Cu 26: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn
ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c,
ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr
ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
56.08b Cu 44: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe2O3 v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon
ton trong dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO3 (d). D. NH3(d).
57.07b Cu 7: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng
kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.
58.07b Cu 21: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt
kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn
trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin, cho Na = 23,
Al = 27)
A. 39,87%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
59.07b Cu 36: thu c Al2O3 t hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3, ngi ta ln lt:
A. dng kh H2 nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
B. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
C. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
D. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO2 (d), ri nung nng.
60.12CD Cu 4: Nung hn hp bt gm Al v Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c oxi), thu c hn
hp cht rn X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:Cho phn 1 vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 7,84
lt kh H2 (ktc);Cho phn 2 vo dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Bit rng
cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 42,32%. B. 46,47%. C. 66,39%. D. 33,61%.
61.12B Cu 9: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng
nhit nhm X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3. B. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.
C. Al2O3 v Fe. D. Al, Fe v Al2O3.
62.12A Cu 30: Cho 0,42 gam hn hp bt Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,12M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 3,333 gam cht rn. Khi lng Fe
trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,168 gam. B. 0,123 gam. C. 0,177 gam. D. 0,150 gam.
63.12A Cu 35: t 16,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl2 thu c hn hp cht rn
Y. Cho Y vo nc d, thu c dung dch Z v 2,4 gam kim loi. Dung dch Z tc dng c vi
ti a 0,21 mol KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 (khng to ra SO2). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe
trong hn hp X l
A. 72,91%. B. 64,00%. C. 66,67%. D. 37,33%.

BI TP V ST V HP CHT

1.11a Cu 4: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l
A.FeCO3. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeS2.
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2.11a Cu 5: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt
lng dung dch HNO3. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch X v
5,6 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v NO2 (khng c sn phm kh khc ca N+5). Bit lng
HNO3 phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A.50,4. B. 40,5. C. 44,8. D. 33,6.
3.11a Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S
cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
4.11a Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (1) t dy st trong kh clo. (2) t nng hn hp
bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 (long, d). (4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3. (5) Cho
Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?
A.2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
5.11a Cu 31: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm
20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn
duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm
khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l
A.59,46%. B. 42,31%. C. 26,83%. D. 19,64%.
6.11a Cu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2O3, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c
dung dch Y v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt
ta
A. Fe(OH)3. B. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 v Zn(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)3 v Zn(OH)2.
7.11a Cu 47: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt
thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H2SO4
(long, d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu
c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A.48,15%. B. 51,85%. C. 58,52%. D. 41,48%.
8.11a Cu 58: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A.Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+. C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
9.11a Cu 60: Ho tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4
(long, rt d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu
va 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m l
A.0,96. B. 1,24. C. 3,2. D. 0,64.
10.10aCu 2: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (II) Sc kh
SO2 vo dung dch H2S. (III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc. (IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung
dch HCl c, nng. (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung
dch HF. S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A.6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
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11.10a Cu 15: Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO (k),
(3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy
ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (2), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
12.10a Cu 39: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x : y = 2 : 5),
thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng
Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A.2x. B. 3x. C. 2y. D. y.
13.09a Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi
cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A.13x - 9y. B. 46x - 18y. C. 45x - 18y. D. 23x - 9y.
14.09a Cu 24: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc
vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A.I, II v IV. B. I, II v III. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
15.09a Cu 25: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a
m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84.
16.09a Cu 31: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X
l
A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
17.09a Cu 35: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn
hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung
dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th
lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A.360. B. 240. C. 400. D. 120.
18.09a Cu 36: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
19.09a Cu 38: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long,
ngui.
20.08a Cu 22: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp
rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
21.08a Cu 29: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X.
C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
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A.38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
22.08a Cu 47: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A.hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit .
23.08a Cu 55: Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh
ng:
+ O
2
, t
o
+ O
2
, t
o
+ X , t
o
CuFeS
2
X Y
Cu
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l:
A.Cu2O, CuO. B. CuS, CuO. C. Cu2S, CuO. D. Cu2S, Cu2O.
24.07aCu 2: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va
), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,04. B. 0,075. C. 0,12. D. 0,06.
25.07a Cu 7: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
26.07a Cu 15: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng) ; b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng) ;
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng) ; d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3
e) CH3CHO + H2
Ni,t
o
; f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 ;
g) C2H4 + Br2 h) glixerol + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e,
g.
27.07a Cu 16: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A.Fe3O4. B. FeO. C. Fe. D. Fe2O3.
28.07a Cu 19: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu
c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit
d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A.2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36.
29.07a Cu 22: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,
FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn
ng oxi ho - kh l
A.8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
30.07a Cu 32: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X.
Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A.80. B. 40. C. 20. D. 60.
31.07a Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit
H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c
khi lng l
A.6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam.
32.Cd11Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng
vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui l:
A.Cu, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Al, Cr. C. Cu, Pb, Ag. D. Fe, Mg, Al.
33.Cd11 Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch
axit H2SO4 long (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho lng d dung dch
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NaOH vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr nh
nht ca m l
A.57,4. B. 59,1. C. 60,8. D. 54,0.
34.Cd11Cu 15: Cho cc cht: KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn,
s cht c th b oxi ha bi dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
35.Cd11Cu 30: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha. B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ha. D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
36.Cd11Cu 44: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l
A.Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
37.Cd11Cu 45: Cho phn ng:
6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O
Trong phn ng trn, cht oxi ha v cht kh ln lt l
A.K2Cr2O7 v FeSO4. B. K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4.
C. H2SO4 v FeSO4. D. FeSO4 v K2Cr2O7.
38.10cd Cu 6: Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn hp
gm HCl v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A.(1), (3), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
39.10cd Cu 13: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn
trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A.56,37%. B. 64,42%. C. 43,62%. D. 37,58%.
40.10cd Cu 18: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy
th in cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v
ion u phn ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:
A.Zn, Ag+. B. Ag, Cu2+. C. Ag, Fe3+. D. Zn, Cu2+.
41.10cd Cu 28: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch
NH3 n d vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung
dch mu xanh thm. Cht X l
A.FeO. B. Cu. C. CuO. D. Fe.
42.10cd Cu 30: Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht ca ). Gi tr ca a l N
A.5,6. B. 11,2. C. 8,4. D. 11,0.
43.09cd Cu 22: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vo mt lng va dung dch
HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe2+ v Fe3+ l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng
nhau. C cn phn mt thu c m1 gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai, c cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c m2 gam mui khan. Bit m2 m1 = 0,71. Th tch dung dch HCl
dng l
A.240 ml. B. 80 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 160 ml.
44.09cd Cu 24: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
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A.2,16. B. 5,04. C. 4,32. D. 2,88.
45.09cd Cu 38: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau
phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l
A.Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe3O4 v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe2O3 v
0,448.
46.09cd Cu 51: Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O2,
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M
va phn ng vi cht rn X l
A.400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
47.09cd Cu 59: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M,
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.34,44. B. 47,4. C. 30,18. D. 12,96.
48.CD08Cu 17: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn
ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A.1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
49.CD08Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht
trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
50.CD08Cu 35: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+. C. s oxi
ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.
51.CD08Cu 36: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn
ng):NaOH+ddXFe(OH)2+ddYFe2(SO4)3 +ddZBaSO4Cc dd (dung dch) X, Y, Z ln
lt l:
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2. B. FeCl3H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.
52.CD08Cu 38: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin
khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii
phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va
V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
53.CD08Cu 41: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1.
Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO4 v
H2SO4.
54.CD08Cu 47: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
55.Cd07Cu 4: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A.kim loi Mg. B. kim loi Cu. C. kim loi Ba. D. kim loi Ag.
56.Cd07Cu 9: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng
nhit nhm?
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A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng.
57.Cd07Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi
tr ca m l
A.9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
58.Cd07Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl 20%, thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn
trm ca MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l (Cho H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56)
A.24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%.
59.Cd07Cu 46: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit
st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20.
Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho
H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
A.FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 75%.
60.Cd07Cu 48: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong
dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4
. C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
61.11b Cu 25: luyn c 800 tn gang c hm lng st 95%, cn dng x tn qung manhetit
cha 80% Fe3O4 (cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh
sn xut l 1%. Gi tr ca x l
A.1394,90. B. 1325,16. C. 1311,90. D. 959,59.
62.11b Cu 28: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca
nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16
gam X?
A.10,56 gam. B. 3,36 gam. C. 7,68 gam. D. 6,72 gam.
63.11b Cu 46: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u.
Gi tr ca m l
A.20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75. D. 32,50.
64.11b Cu 55: Ho tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc, thu c 150 ml
dung dch Y. Thm H2SO4 (d) vo 20 ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng
dung dch KMnO4 0,1M th dng ht 30 ml dung dch chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO4 trong
hn hp X l
A.68,4%. B. 9,12%. C. 31,6%. D. 13,68%.
65.10b Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a
gam kim loi M. Ho tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt
kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A.Cr2O3. B. FeO. C. Fe3O4. D. CrO.
66.10b Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch
H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc)
v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
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A.39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
67.10b Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp
th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7
gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.23,2. B. 12,6. C. 18,0. D. 24,0.
68.10b Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau: (a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1:1); (b) Sn
v Zn (2:1); (c) Zn v Cu (1:1); (d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1:1); (e) FeCl2 v Cu (2:1); (g) FeCl3 v Cu
(1:1). S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A.4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
69.10b Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl
(d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam
X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.76,755. B. 73,875. C. 147,750. D. 78,875.
70.10b Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O. Bit X v Y
l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ho. Cc cht X v Y l
A.Fe v I2. B. FeI3 v FeI2. C. FeI2 v I2. D. FeI3 v I2.
71.09b Cu 5: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v
Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn
Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 2,16. C. 4,08. D. 0,64.
72.09b Cu 12: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. ;
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. ; (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. ; (IV) Nhng l nhm
vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4
73.09b Cu 25: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long,
un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 151,5. B. 137,1. C. 97,5. D. 108,9.
74.09b Cu 30: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 2,24. D. 17,8 v 4,48.
75.09b Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu
c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4.
76.09b Cu 45: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2
0,2M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72
gam (gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 1,40 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,72 gam
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77.09b Cu 50: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng
ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo
dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A.57,4. B. 28,7. C. 10,8. D. 68,2.
78.08b Cu 3: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l:
A. Dng O2 oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO3 kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
79.08b Cu 11: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha
khng kh (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c
cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng
nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc
cht rn l khng ng k)
A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b.
80.08b Cu 12: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v
m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
81.08b Cu 30: Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 cho kt ta l
A. CH3NH2. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3OH. D. CH3COOH.
82.08b Cu 46: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt
hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
83.08b Cu 50: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau: - Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch
FeCl3; - Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4; - Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu
vo dung dch FeCl3; - Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch
HCl. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
84.08b Cu 56: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
A. 13,1 gam. B. 17,0 gam. C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1 gam.
85.07b Cu 4: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt
phn t CuFeS2 s
A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.
86.07b Cu 10: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l
sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4
87.07b Cu 12: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m l
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A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
88.07b Cu 31: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2.
Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
89.07b Cu 38: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2. B. HNO3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3.
90.07b Cu 48: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra
0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS2. C. FeO D. FeCO3.
91.07b Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt
thc cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l (cho Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. 90,27%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D. 12,67%.
92.12CD Cu 8: Cho 42,4 gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 (c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 1) tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton cn li m gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 12,8. B. 19,2. C. 9,6. D. 6,4.
93.12CD Cu 14: Dung dch long (d) no sau y tc dng c vi kim loi st to thnh mui
st(III)?
A. HNO3. B. H2SO4. C. FeCl3. D. HCl.
94.12CD Cu 35: Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to thnh kh X; nhit phn tinh th
KNO3 to thnh kh Y; cho tinh th KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c to thnh kh Z. Cc
kh X, Y v Z ln lt l
A. Cl2, O2 v H2S B. H2, O2 v Cl2. C. SO2, O2 v Cl2. D. H2, NO2 v
Cl2.
95.12CD Cu 59: Cho dy cc kim loi : Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S kim loi trong dy phn ng
c vi dung dch FeCl3 l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4
96.12B Cu 6: Qung no sau y giu st nht?
A. Xierit. B. Manhetit. C. Hematit . D. Pirit st.
97.12A Cu 2: t 5,6 gam Fe trong khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho ton b X tc
dng vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch
cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,0. B. 22,4. C. 15,6. D. 24,2.
98.12A Cu 18: t chy hn hp gm 1,92 gam Mg v 4,48 gam Fe vi hn hp kh X gm clo
v oxi, sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit v mui clorua (khng cn kh d). Ha
tan Y bng mt lng va 120 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho AgNO3 d
vo dung dch Z,
thu c 56,69 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca clo trong hn hp X l
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
99.12A Cu 32: Cho cc cht sau: FeCO3, Fe3O4, FeS, Fe(OH)2. Nu ho tan cng s mol mi
cht vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) th cht to ra s mol kh ln nht l
A. Fe3O4. B. Fe(OH)2. C. FeS. D. FeCO3.
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100.12A Cu 36: Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS2 trong 200 ml dung dch HNO3 4M, sn phm
thu c gm dung dch X v mt cht kh thot ra. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a m gam Cu.
Bit trong cc
qu trnh trn, sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 u l NO. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,8. B. 6,4. C. 9,6. D. 3,2.
101.12A Cu 40: Dn lung kh CO i qua hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 nung nng, sau mt thi
gian thu c cht rn X v kh Y. Cho Y hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c
29,55 gam kt ta. Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 6,72. D. 3,36.
102.12A Cu 43: Cho m gam bt st vo dung dch hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol
HCl. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,725m gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 16,0. B. 18,0. C. 16,8. D. 11,2.

BI TP CC KIM LOI NNG V HP CHT CA CHNG

1.11a Cu 32: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch
sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A.19,76 gam. B. 22,56 gam. C. 20,16 gam. D. 19,20 gam.
2.11a Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (3) Sc kh H2S vo
dung dch FeCl2. (4) Sc kh NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3. (5) Sc kh CO2 ti d vo
dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A.6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
3.11a Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
C. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
4.11a Cu 51: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo dung dch Na2CrO4 l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu
. B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam.
5.10a Cu 10: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung
dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi.
Gi tr ca m l
A.12,80. B. 12,00. C. 6,40. D. 16,53.
6.10a Cu 11: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4 long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c
vi c 4 dung dch trn l
A.NH3. B. KOH. C. NaNO3. D. BaCl2.
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7.10a Cu 17: C cc pht biu sau: (1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
(2) Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5. (3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi
kh clo. (4) Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cc pht biu ng l:
A.(1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
8.10a Cu 26: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110 ml dung
dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M
vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.17,71. B. 16,10. C. 32,20. D. 24,15.
9.10a Cu 31: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
A.4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 6.
10.10a Cu 47: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch
AgNO3 l:
A.MgO, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni, Sn. C. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg.
11.10a Cu 49: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl
ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A.3/14. B. 4/7. C. 1/7. D. 3/7.
12.10a Cu 55: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung
dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d)
to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A.2,016 lt. B. 1,008 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
13.10a Cu 60: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c
cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A.85,88%. B. 14,12%. C. 87,63%. D. 12,37%.
14.09aCu 1: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui ca chng l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
15.09a Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH
2M vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng
thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,125. B. 22,540. C. 12,375. D. 17,710.
16.09a Cu 17: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A.4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
17.09a Cu 26: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c
c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l
A.7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
18.09a Cu 41: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2,
Cr(NO3)3, K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A.4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
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19.09a Cu 47: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1
mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi.
Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A.1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0.
20.09a Cu 51: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn
(c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A.95,00%. B. 25,31%. C. 74,69%. D. 64,68%.
21.08a Cu 7: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon
ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl
2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A.57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
22.08a Cu 36: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng
c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho:
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A.Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag.
23.08a Cu 39: Cho Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha
hc), thy thot ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A.amophot. B. ure. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
24.08a Cu 41: Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v
H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.0,746. B. 0,448. C. 1,792. D. 0,672.
25.08a Cu 50: Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi
Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in
ho.
26.08a Cu 51: oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH,
lng ti thiu Cl2 v KOH tng ng l
A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol. B. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol.
C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol. D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol.
27.07a Cu 41: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit
cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO .C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
28.07a Cu 52: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
B. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
C. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
29.Cd11 Cu 2: Cho 3,16 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c (d), sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton th s mol HCl b oxi ha l
A.0,10. B. 0,05. C. 0,02. D. 0,16.
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30.Cd11Cu 35: C 4 ng nghim c nh s theo th t 1, 2, 3, 4. Mi ng nghim cha mt
trong cc dung dch AgNO3, ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3. Bit rng: - Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 3
tc dng c vi nhau sinh ra cht kh; - Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 4 khng phn ng
c vi nhau. Dung dch trong cc ng nghim 1, 2, 3, 4 ln lt l:
A. ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3, AgNO3. B. ZnCl2, Na2CO3, HI, AgNO3.
C. AgNO3, HI, Na2CO3, ZnCl2. D. AgNO3, Na2CO3, HI, ZnCl2.
31.Cd11Cu 36: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A.FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K2O, SnO. C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.
32.Cd11Cu 43: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d thu
c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m + 31,95) gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ho tan
hon ton 2m gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo
0,5 lt dung dch CrCl3 1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A.54,0 gam. B. 20,6 gam. C. 30,9 gam. D. 51,5 gam.
33.Cd11Cu 55: Ho tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung
dch X v 0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
A.18,90 gam. B. 37,80 gam. C. 28,35 gam. D. 39,80 gam.
34.Cd11Cu 59: Dn mu kh thi ca mt nh my qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thy xut hin
kt ta mu en. Hin tng chng t trong kh thi nh my c kh no sau y?
A.NH3. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. H2S.
35.Cd11Cu 60: Khi cho lng d dung dch KOH vo ng nghim ng dung dch kali icromat,
dung dch trong ng nghim
A. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng. B. chuyn t mu vng sang mu .
C. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh lc. D. chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
36.10cd Cu 48: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H2
nhit cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit long thnh H2. Kim
loi M l
A.Cu. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Al.
37.Cu 52: Cho m gam bt crom phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V lt kh
H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cng m gam bt crom trn phn ng hon ton vi kh O2 (d), thu c
15,2 gam oxit duy nht. Gi tr ca V l
A.2,24. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 6,72.
38.09cd Cu 35: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc
dng c vi dung dch AgNO3?
A.Fe, Ni, Sn. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Zn, Cu, Mg. D. Hg, Na, Ca.
39.09cd Cu 45: Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Zn vo mt dung dch axit X. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch NaOH (d) vo Y, un nng thu c kh khng
mu T. Axit X l
A.H2SO4 c. B. HNO3. C. H3PO4. D. H2SO4 long
40.09cd Cu 47: iu ch c 78 gam Cr t Cr2O3 (d) bng phng php nhit nhm vi
hiu sut ca phn ng l 90% th khi lng bt nhm cn dng ti thiu l
A.81,0 gam. B. 54,0 gam. C. 40,5 gam. D. 45,0 gam.
41.CD08Cu 29: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch
HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim loi M l
A.Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.
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42.CD08Cu 52: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha
hc sau:
X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2; Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X
. Pht biu ng l:
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+. B. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y. D. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2 +
43.Cd07Cu 1: Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
20% thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A.Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
44.Cd07Cu 6: Khi cho 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch
c cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l (Cho H
= 1; O = 16; Cl = 35,5; K = 39)
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
45.Cd07Cu 23: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
A.Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
46.Cd07Cu 33: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung
dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y.
Kim loi M c th l
A.Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Fe.
47.11b Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (a) Nung NH4NO3 rn. (b) un nng NaCl tinh th
vi dung dch H2SO4 (c). (c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 (d). (e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung
dch NaHCO3. (h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4
(d), un nng. S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l
A.4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 2.
48.11b Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) ; (b) FeS + H2SO4 (long) ; (c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
t
o

(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
t
o
; (e) Al + H2SO4 (long) ;
(g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 6.
49.11b Cu 22: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30
ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,5M v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a
mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn
hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l
A.2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
50.11b Cu 30: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X): (a) Cho X
vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O3 ( iu kin thng). ; (b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung
dch HNO3 (c). ; (c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O2).
(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl3. Th nghim m Cu b oxi ho cn Ag khng b
oxi ho l
A.(d). B. (a). C. (b). D. (c).
51.11b Cu 33: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm
CO, CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn
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Y. Ho tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l
A.57,15%. B. 14,28%. C. 28,57%. D. 18,42%.
52.11b Cu 42: Nhit phn mt lng AgNO3 c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y
vo mt lng d H2O, thu c dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot
ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca
X phn ng l
A.70%. B. 25%. C. 60%. D. 75%.
53.11b Cu 45: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3,
K2SO4. C bao nhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH?
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
54.11b Cu 49: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
B. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh
nga.
D. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
55.11b Cu 52: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nhit phn AgNO3. (b) Nung FeS2 trong khng kh. (c) Nhit phn KNO3. (d) Cho dung
dch CuSO4 vo dung dch NH3 (d).
(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4. (g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl3 (d). (h) Nung Ag2S trong
khng kh. (i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4 (d). S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc l
A.3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
56.10b Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch:
FeCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh
l
A.3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
57.10b Cu 30: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung
dch mt thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A.1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2..
58.10b Cu 49: Hn hp bt X gm Cu, Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c
40,3 gam hn hp gm CuO v ZnO. Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi mt lng d
dung dch KOH long nng, th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong
X l
A.19,81%. B. 29,72%. C. 39,63%. D. 59,44%.
59.10b Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung dch
HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
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D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng.
60.09b Cu 26: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3. (V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3. ;
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.
61.09b Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
Cr(OH)
3 X
Y Z
T
+KOH +(Cl
2
+KOH) +H
2
SO
4 +(FeSO
4
+H
2
SO
4
)
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3. B. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4. D. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
62.09b Cu 55: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng
v s mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,06 v 0,01. C. 0,03 v 0,01. D. 0,06 v 0,02.
63.07b Cu 23: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
64.07b Cu 40: Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch
HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. ; 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3
1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l (cho Cu = 64)
A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
65.07b Cu 54: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl
(d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (cho O = 16, Al = 27, Cr = 52)
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.
66.12CD Cu 44: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cr, Al bng dung dch HCl d,
thu c 1,568 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho 2,7 gam X phn ng hon ton vi kh Cl2 d, thu
c 9,09 gam mui. Khi lng Al trong 2,7 gam X l bao nhiu?
A. 0,54 gam B. 0,81 gam C. 0,27 gam D. 1,08 gam
67.12CD Cu 54: Cho s phn ng:

Cr X Y

Bit Y l hp cht ca crom. Hai cht X v Y ln lt l
A. CrCl2 v K2CrO4. B. CrCl3 v K2Cr2O7
C. CrCl3 v K2CrO4 D. CrCl2 v Cr(OH)3
68.12B Cu 56: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. BaSO4 v BaCrO4 hu nh khng tan trong nc.
B. Al(OH)3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hiroxit lng tnh v c tnh kh.
C. SO3 v CrO3 u l oxit axit.
+ Cl
2
(d)
t
0
+ KOH (c, d) +Cl
2

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D. Fe(OH)2 v Cr(OH)2 u l baz v c tnh kh.
69.12ACu 1: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Tt c cc phn ng ca lu hunh vi kim loi u cn un nng.
B. CrO3 tc dng vi nc to ra hn hp axit.
C. Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung olomit.
D. Ca(OH)2 c dng lm mt tnh cng vnh cu ca nc.
70.12A Cu 49: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Cr(OH)3 tan trong dung dch NaOH.
B. Trong mi trng axit, Zn kh Cr3+ thnh Cr.
C. Photpho bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
D. Trong mi trng kim, Br2 oxi ha CrO2- thnh CrO42-
71.12A Cu 50: Nung nng 46,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng
kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Chia hn hp thu c sau phn ng thnh hai phn bng
nhau. Phn mt phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (long). ha tan ht phn hai
cn va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,9. B. 1,3. C. 0,5. D. 1,5.
72.Cu 21: Cho dy cc ion : Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+. Trong cng iu kin, ion c tnh oxi ha
mnh nht trong dy l
A. Fe2+ B. Sn2+ C. Cu2+ D. Ni2+
73.12CD Cu 49: loi b Al, Fe, CuO ra khi hn hp gm Ag, Al, Fe v CuO, c th dng
lng d dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch Fe(NO3)3. B. Dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch HNO3. D. Dung dch HCl.
74.12CD Cu 52: Cho cc pht biu:
A.Tt c cc anehit u c c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh;
B.Tt c cc axit cacboxylic u khng tham gia phn ng trng bc
C.Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch;
D.Tt c cc ancol no, a chc u ha tan c Cu(OH)2. Pht biu ng l
A. (2) v (4) B. (3) v (4) C. (1) v (3) D. (1) v (2)
75.12CD Cu 58: Oxi ha hon ton m gam kim loi X cn va 0,25m gam kh O2. X l kim
loi no sau y?
A. Al. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Ca.
76.12B Cu 8: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui (vi in cc tr) l:
A. Ni, Cu, Ag. B. Ca, Zn, Cu. C. Li, Ag, Sn. D. Al, Fe, Cr.
77.12B Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung
dch H2SO4 long, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui
trong dung dch X l
A. 4,83 gam. B. 5,83 gam. C. 7,33 gam. D. 7,23 gam.
78.12B Cu 29: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng): (a) Cho ng kim loi vo
dung dch st(III) clorua.(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.(c) Cho dung dch
bc nitrat vo dung dch st(III) clorua. (d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.S th nghim xy ra
phn ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
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79.12B Cu 44: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 a mol/l.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo
X thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,96. B. 11,48. C. 17,22. D. 14,35.
80.12B Cu 54: Cho E0pin(Zn-Cu) = 1,10V;
V 76 , 0 E
0
Zn / Zn
2
=
+
v
V 80 , 0 E
0
Ag / Ag
+ =
+
.
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Cu-Ag l
A. 0,46V. B. 0,56V. C. 1,14V. D. 0,34V.
81.12A Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Hn hp FeS v CuS tan c ht trong dung dch HCl d.
B. Thi khng kh qua than nung , thu c kh than t.
C. Photpho d bc chy trong khng kh iu kin thng.
D. Dung dch hn hp HCl v KNO3 ho tan c bt ng.
82.12A Cu 27: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung dch
HNO3 1,5M, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm NO v
N2O. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 16,4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
83.12A Cu 29: Cho cc cht ring bit sau: FeSO4, AgNO3, Na2SO3, H2S, HI, Fe3O4, Fe2O3
tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
84.12A Cu 42: Cho phng trnh ha hc (vi a, b, c, d l cc h s):
aFeSO4 + bCl2 cFe2(SO4)3 + dFeCl3T l a : c l
A. 4 : 1. B. 3 : 2. C. 2 : 1. D. 3 : 1.
85.12A Cu 54: Ho tan Au bng nc cng toan th sn phm kh l NO; ho tan Ag trong dung
dch HNO3 c th sn phm kh l NO2. s mol NO2 bng s mol NO th t l s mol Ag v
Au tng ng l
A. 1 : 2. B. 3 : 1. C. 1 : 1. D. 1 : 3.
86.12A Cu 55: Ngi ta iu ch H2 v O2 bng phng php in phn dung dch NaOH vi
in cc tr, cng dng in 0,67A trong thi gian 40 gi. Dung dch thu c sau in phn
c khi lng 100 gam v nng NaOH l 6%. Nng dung dch NaOH trc in phn l (gi
thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k)
A. 5,08%. B. 6,00%. C. 5,50%. D. 3,16%.
87.12A Cu 58: Trng hp no sau y to ra kim loi?
A. t FeS2 trong oxi d. B. Nung hn hp qung apatit, x vn v than cc trong l ng.
C. t Ag2S trong oxi d. D. Nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc trong l in.

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