Thiết Kế Quy Trình Chế Tạo Chi Tiết Gối Đỡ

m Vn Thu n cng ngh ch to my
Lp CTM6 K46 Khoa C kh 1

LI NI U
Cng ngh ch to my l mt ngnh then cht, n ng vai tr quyt
nh trong s nghip cng nghip ho hin i ho t nc. Nhim v ca
cng ngh ch to my l ch to ra cc sn phm c kh cho mi lnh vc ca
nghnh kinh t quc dn, vic pht trin ngnh cng ngh ch to my ang l
mi quan tm c bit ca ng v nh nc ta.
Pht trin ngnh cng ngh ch to my phi c tin hnh ng thi
vi vic pht trin ngun nhn lc v u t cc trang b hin i. Vic pht
trin ngun nhn lc l nhim v trng tm ca cc trng i hc.
Hin nay trong cc ngnh kinh t ni chung v ngnh c kh ni ring i
hi k s c kh v cn b k thut c kh c o to ra phi c kin thc c
bn tng i rng, ng thi phi bit vn dng nhng kin thc gii
quyt nhng vn c th thng gp trong sn xut.
Mn hc cng ngh ch to my c v tr quan trng trong chng trnh
o to k s v cn b k thut v thit k, ch to cc loi my v cc thit b
c kh phc v cc ngnh kinh t nh cng nghip, nng nghip, giao thng
vn ti, in lc ...vv
gip cho sinh vin nm vng c cc kin thc c bn ca mn hc
v gip cho h lm quen vi nhim v thit k, trong chng trnh o to ,
n mn hc cng ngh ch to my l mn hc khng th thiu c ca sinh
vin chuyn ngnh ch to my khi kt thc mn hc.
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v vi s ch bo nhit tnh ca thy gio
Nguyn Vit Tip, n nay Em hon thnh n mn hc cng ngh ch
to my .Trong qu trnh thit k v tnh ton tt nhin s c nhng sai st do
thiu thc t v kinh nghim thit k, em rt mong c s ch bo ca cc
thy c gio trong b mn cng ngh ch to my v s ng gp kin ca
cc bn ln thit k sau v trong thc t sau ny c hon thin hn .
Em xin chn thnh cm n.
Ngy 9 thng 11 nm 2005
SV m Vn Thu

Trng i hcBch Khoa H ni Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam
Khoa C kh c lp T do Hnh phc
B mn Cng ngh Ch to my

NHIM V
THIT K N MN HC CNG NGH CH TO MY

H v tn sinh vin : m Vn Thy
Lp : CTM6. Kho : 46. Chuyn ngnh : Cng ngh ch to my.

I. u thit k : Thit k quy trnh ch to chi tit gi
II. Cc s liu ban u:
Sn lng hng nm : 5000 chic.
iu kin sn xut : T chn.
III. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:
1. Phn tch chc nng lm vic ca chi tit.
2. Phn tch tnh cng ngh trong kt cu ca chi tit.
3. Xc nh dng sn xut.
4. Chn phng php ch to phi.
5. Lp th t cc nguyn cng (v s g t, k hiu nh v, kp cht,
chn my, chn dao, k hiu chiu chuyn ng ca dao, ca chi tit).
6. Tnh lng d cho mt b mt (mt trn ngoi, mt trn trong hoc
mt phng) v tra lng d cho cc b mt cn li.
7. Tnh ch ct cho mt nguyn cng (tnh cho nguyn cng cn thit
k g) v tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng cn li.
8. Tnh thi gian gia cng c bn cho tt c cc nguyn cng.
9. Tnh v thit k mt g (lp s g t, tnh lc kp, thit k cc
c cu ca g, tnh sai s chun, sai s kp cht, sai s mn, sai s
iu chnh, sai s ch to cho php ca g, t yu cu k thut ca
g, lp bng k khai cc chi tit ca g).
IV. Phn bn v:
1. Chi tit lng phi: 1 bn (kh giy A
0
, hoc A
1
).
2. S nguyn cng: 1 bn (kh giy A
0
).
3. g: 1 bn (kh giy A
0
, hoc A
1
).

H ni ngy 16 thng 10 nm 2005
Cn b hng dn: Nguyn Vit Tip

THUYT MINH N MN HC
CNG NGH CH TO MY

I. PHN TCH CHC NNG V IU KIN LM VIC CA CHI TIT

Da vo bn v chi tit ta thy gi l chi tit dng hp
Do gi l loi chi tit quan trng trong mt sn phm c lp trc. Gi
lm nhim v trc ca my v xc nh v tr tng i ca trc trong
khng gian nhm thc hin mt nhim v ng hc no . Gi cn lm
nhim v ca trt.
Trn gi c nhiu mt phi gia cng vi chnh xc khc nhau v cng
c nhiu b mt khng phi gia cng. B mt lm vic ch yu ca gi l l
tr u40 nn ta cn phi gia cng chnh xc l ny. Cn gia cng mt phng C
v cc l u16 chnh xc lm chun tinh thng nht gia cng cc b mt
khc ca gi .
m bo kch thc t tm l u40 n mt phng C l: 100
+ 0,05

Chi tit lm vic trong iu kin rung ng v thay i nn vt liu s dng
thng dng l gang xm.
Ta chn mc vt liu s dng l: GX 15-32, c cc thnh phn ho hc sau:
C = 3 3,7 Si = 1,2 2,5 Mn = 0,25 1,00
S < 0,12 P =0,05 1,00
[o]
bk
= 150 MPa.
[o]
bu
= 320 Mpa.

II. PHN TCH TNH CNG NGH TRONG KT CU CA CHI TIT

T bn v chi tit ta thy :
- Gi c kt cu cng vng cn thit khi gia cng khng b
bin dng nn c th dng ch ct cao, t nng sut cao.
- Cc b mt lm chun c din tch nht nh cho php thc hin
nhiu nguyn cng khi dng b mt lm chun v m bo thc hin qu
trnh g t nhanh. Gi c cc l lp ghp vung gc vi mt y ca
chi tit nn y l chi tit dng hp in hnh ta c th ly hai l vung gc
vi mt y v mt y lm chun tinh thng nht trong qu trnh gia
cng chi tit, v th vic gia cng mt y v hai l c ta chn lm chun
tinh cn c gia cng chnh xc.
- Kt cu ca gi tuy tng i n gin, song cng gp kh khn khi
kho 4 b mt bch do khng gian g dao hp. iu ny ta c th khc phc
bng cch chn loi dao c cc thng s hnh hc hp l.

Cc b mt cn gia cng l :
1. Gia cng b mt phng C vi bng cao lm chun tinh cho
nguyn cng sau.
2. Gia cng 4 l u16 mt ln trn my khoan nhiu trc, trong 2 l
cho nhau cn phi gia cng tinh lm chun tinh thng nht cho qu
trnh gia cng cho nguyn cng sau.
3. Gia cng cc mt bch m bo vic g lp cht khi lm vic.
4. Phay 2 mt phng u l tr u40.
5. Kho mt bch v khoan l u6 lm l dn du bi trn b mt ngng
trc.
6. Khot, doa l 40 m bo bng v chnh xc cho chi tit, v b mt
ny l l b mt lm vic chnh ca gi .

III. XC NH DNG SN XUT

Mun xc nh dng sn xut trc ht ta phi bit sn lng hng nm ca
chi tit gia cng. Sn lng hng nm c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
N = N
1
.m (1+
100
| o +
)
Trong
N- S chi tit c sn xut trong mt nm
N
1
- S sn phm c sn xut trong mt nm (5000 chic/nm)
m- S chi tit trong mt sn phm
o- Ph phm trong xng c o =(3-:-6) %
|- S chi tit c ch to thm d tr | =(5-:-7)%
Vy N = 5000.1(1 +
100
4 6 +
) =5500 chi tit /nm
Trng lng ca chi tit c xc nh theo cng thc
Q
1
= V. (kg)
Trong
Q
1
- Trng lng chi tit
- Trng lng ring ca vt liu
gang xm
= 6,8-:-7,4 Kg/dm
3
V - Th tch ca chi tit
V = V
+ V
TR
+2.V
G

V
- Th tch phn
V
TR
-Th tch thn tr rng
V
G
- Th tch gn
V - Th tch ca chi tit
V
= 160.120.30 = 576000 mm
3

V
TR
= ( 40
2
- 20
2
).120.3,14 = 452160 mm
3

V
G
= 120.20.70 - 3,14.30.40
2
= 67520 mm
3

V = 576000 + 452160 + 67520 = 1095680 mm
3
=1,096 dm
3

Vy Q
1
= V. = 1,096.7,2 = 7,9 (kg)
Da vo N & Q
1
bng 2 (TKACNCTM) ta c dng sn xut l dng sn
xut hng khi.

IV. XC NH PHNG PHP CH TO PHI V THIT K BN V CHI
TIT LNG PHI

1- Xc nh phng php ch to phi
Kt cu ca gi c mt s thnh vch, mt s b mt khng cn gia
cng, mt khc chi tit c ch to t GX15-32 nn phng php ch to
phi thch hp nht c chn la l c ch to bng phng php c.
Vi cc b mt khng lm vic khng cn chnh xc qu cao, mt khc
ng vi sn xut hng lot ln nn ta chn phng php c trong khun
ct, lm khun bng my. Sau khi c cn c nguyn cng lm sch v ct
ba via chun b cho vic gia cng c sau ny.
Kt cu gi c dng i xng, vic to l chnh qu trnh gia cng
ct gt sau ny nn mt phn khun ta chn hp l c th hin nh hnh
v vi li c t nm ngang.

Vi mt phn khun nh trn ta d dng to lng khun, sa li lng
khun d dng, d dng ly chi tit. Vic b tr cc rt, u hi u ngt nh
hnh biu din cng vi mt phn khun ta chn ng thi m bo vic
in y d dng vt liu vo lng khun m vn m bo v tr ca li trong
lng khun, d dng ct u hi ngt trong nguyn cng chun b gia
cng.


Bn v lng phi

V.TH T CC NG UYN CNG

1- Xc nh ng li cng ngh
Do sn xut hng khi ln nn ta chn phng php gia cng mt v tr, gia
cng tun t. Dng my vn nng kt hp vi g chuyn dng .

2- Chn phng php gia cng
- Gia cng l |40
+0,039
vt liu l GX15-32. Ta thy dung sai +0,039 ng vi
|40 l cp chnh xc 8 (tra bng dung sai), vi nhm R
z
=1,25. Ta chn
phng php gia cng ln cui l doa tinh. Cc bc gia cng trung gian l:
khot, doa th.
- Gia cng mt y t R
z
= 20, v 2 mt u tr |40. Theo bng 4 v 5
(TKA CNCTM), c bng cp 5, phng php gia cng ln cui l phay
tinh, cc bc gia cng trc l phay th.
- Gia cng 4 l |16 mt y t R
a
= 2,5 theo bng 4 v 5 (TKACNCTM) c
cp bng l 6, ta c phng php gia cng ln cui l doa th, cc bc gia
cng trc l khoan, khot. Trong 4 l ny c 2 l cho nhau chn lm chun
nh v nn cn phi qua bc gia cng tinh.
- L |6 l l dn du bi trn cho trc lp ghp nn khng yu cu nhn
bng cao nn ta ch cn khoan l ny l m bo yu cu.

VI. TNH LNG D CHO MT B MT V TRA LNG D CHO CC B
MT CN LI

1-Tnh lng d khi gia cng l |40
Vi phng php ch to phi c trong khun ct, lm khun bng my,
khi lng phi 8kg ta c c chnh xc phi cp 2, vt liu GX15-32.
Do phi c l c to sn nn ta chn quy trnh cng ngh gm 3 bc:
khot, doa th, doa tinh. Chi tit c nh v bng mt y v 2 l |16
c ta gia cng cc nguyn cng trc.
Theo bng 10, TKA CNCTM ta c R
za
v T
a
ca phi l 250 v 350m.
Sai lch khng gian tng cng c xc nh theo cng thc trong bng 14
(TKA CNCTM): =
cv
Trong
cv
= A
k
. L - sai lch cong vnh
L- Chiu di chi tit
A
k
= 10 m/mm (Bng 3-67 STayCNCTM I) .
=10 .120 =1200 (m ).
c
b
= c
c
+

c
kc
+

c
g
Sai s kp cht c
k
= 0 (lc kp vung gc mt nh v)
Sai s chun c
c
= 0 (kch thc t c ch ph thuc vo dng c ct)
B qua sai s g c
g
= 0
c
b
= 0
) ( 2 2
2 2
min b a a za b
T R Z c + + + =
2Z
bmin
= 2( 250 + 350 + 1200 ) = 36000 (m ).
Bc1: Khot l.
Theo bng 3-87 S tay CNCTM I ,ta c
R
za
= 50 (m ).
T
a
= 50 (m ).
Sai lch khng gian tng cng c tnh theo cng thc : = k .
phi

k l h s gim sai (H s chnh xc ho )
k = 0,05 theo bng 24 TKA CNCTM
=0,05 . 1200 =60 (m ).
) ( 2 2
2 2
min b a a za b
T R Z c + + + =
2Z
bmin
= 2 ( 50 + 50 + 60) = 320 (m ).
Bc 2: Doa th
Sai lch khng gian chnh bng lch ng tm l sau khi khot nhn vi
h s gim sai k
s
= 0,04 (Bng 24 TKA CNCTM )

a
= 60. 0,04 = 2,4 ( m )
R
za
=10 (m ).
T
a
= 20 (m ).
) (
min
2 2
2 2
b a a za b
T R Z c + + + =
2Z
bmin
= 2( 10 + 20 + 2,4 ) = 65 (m ).

Bc 3:Doa tinh.
Sai lch khng gian chnh bng lch ng tm l sau khi doa nhn vi
h s gim sai k
s
= 0,02 (Bng 24 Thit k n CNCTM )

a
= 2,4. 0,02= 0,05 ( m )
R
za
=6,3 (m ).
T
a
= 10 (m ).
) (
min
2 2
2 2
b a a za b
T R Z c + + + =
2Z
bmin
= 2( 6,3+ 10+ 0,05 ) = 32,7 (m ).
Sau khi tnh ton lng d gia cng l |40 ta lp c bng tnh lng d sau:
R
z
Ta

2 Z
bmin
D
t

o
D
max
D
min
2Z
gh
2Z
max

Phi
Khot
Doa th
Doatinh

250
50
10
6,3
350
50
20
10

1200
60
2,4
0,05
3600
320
65
32,7
39,621
39,941
40,006
40,039

870
220
87
39

39,621
39,941
40,006
40,039
38,751
39,721
39,919
40,000
3600
320
65
33

970
198
81

2 Z
omax
=1249
2Z
omin
= 418
Kim tra li kt qu tnh ton:
+ Lng d tng cng 2Z
0max
- 2Z
0min
= 1249 - 418 = 831 (m)
o
ph
- o
ct
=870 - 39 = 831 (m)
+ Kim tra bc trung gian: khot
2Z
max
- 2Z
min
= 198 - 65 = 133 (m)
o
1
- o
2
= 220 - 87 = 133 (m)
2- Tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng cn li
Lng d gia cng mt y Z
b
= 3,5 mm (Bng 3-95 STayCNCTM I )
Lng d gia cng mt bch Z
b
Lng d gia cng 2 mt u Z
b
Lng d gia cng l tr 2Z
b
= 3,0 mm


VII. TNH CH CT CHO MT NGUYN CNG V TRA CH CT CHO
CC NGUYN CNG CN LI.
Lp th t cc nguyn cng :
Nguyn cng I: ch to phi
Nguyn cng II : Gia cng chun b phi
Nguyn cng III : Phay mt phng y
Nguyn cng IV : Khoan ,khot, doa l u16
Nguyn cng V : Phay hai mt phng u l u40
Nguyn cng VI : Gia cng mt phng A
Nguyn cng VII : Gia cng l u40
Nguyn cng VIII : Gia cng l u6
Nguyn cng IX : Kim tra.

1/ Nguyn cng I: Ch to phi

Bn v ch to phi v bn v chi tit lng phi

2/ Nguyn cng II : Gia cng chun b phi

a/ Ct bavia, u rt, u ngt:
Bavia vt c c lm sch bng c hoc my mi cm tay, u ngt,
u rt ca vt c c ct bng ba tay.
b/ Lm sch phi
Lm sch phi l loi b ct v chy ct dnh trn b mt phi c. i
vi sn xut hng lot ln chn, chi tit c lm sch trong tang quay
c cha cc mnh gang, thp nhn v cng, ct v chy ct c lm sch
do va p.
c/ phi
Do ngui nhanh v khng ng u gia phn kim loi b mt phi c
v phn kim loi bn trong nn lp kim loi b mt vt c thng cng v
c ng sut do cn phi phi lm ng u c tnh v gim ng sut
lp b mt.
Ch bao gm: tc nung, thi gian , tc ngui v ph thuc
vo thnh phn ho hc, hnh dng, kch thc ca phi.
3/ Nguyn cng III: Phay mt y
nh v : Chi tit c nh v mt trn ca 3 bc t do
Kp cht: Chi tit c kp cht bng n kp lin ng t trn xung phng
ca lc kp trng vi phng kch thc cn thc hin .
Chn my : my phay nm ngang 6H82. Cng sut my N
m
= 7 KW
Chn dao : Dao phay hnh tr rng lin P18 Z=16 rng
Lng d gia cng : phay 2 ln :
+ Bc 1 Z
b
=2,5 mm
+ Bc 2 Z
b
=1 mm

( 1 trang hinh ve)


Ch ct bc 1: (phay th)
Chiu su ct t = 2,5mm
Lng chy dao rng S
z
= 0,12 mm/rng (Bng 5-126 S tayCNCTM II ) .
Lng chy dao vng S
0
= 0,12. 16 = 1,92 mm/vng.
Tc ct V
b
= 63 m/ph (Bng 5-135 S tayCNCTM II).
H s iu chnh: Ws = 0,9138
Tc ct tnh ton l: V
t
=V
b
. Ws = 63.0,9138= 57,57m/pht
S vng quay ca trc chnh theo tnh ton l:

ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ ,
. ,
, .
.
.
18 229
80 14 3
57 57 1000 1000
= = =
t

Ta chn s vng quay theo my n
m
=234 vg/ph.
Nh vy tc ct thc t l:

ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
78 58
1000
234 80 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Cng sut ct N
o
=3,8 KW (Bng 5-140 S tay CNCTM II).
N
o
< N
m
.q=7.0,8=5,6 KW
Ch ct bc 2: (phay tinh vi R
z
=20)
Chiu su ct t =1 mm , lng chy dao vng S
0
=2,5 mm/vng (Bng 5-127
STayCNCTM.
Tc ct V
b
=53 m/ph (Bng 5-135 S tay CNCTM II).
Cc h s iu chnh:
+ Chi tit c c W
1
=0,85 (Bng 5-239 S tay CNCTM II).
+ Tnh trng my cn tt W
1
= 1,1 (Bng 5-239 STay CNCTM II).
Vy tc ct tnh ton l: V
t
=V
b
. W
1
.W
2
= 53.0,85.1,1 =49,55 m/ph
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ ,
. ,
, .
.
.
25 197
80 14 3
55 49 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
=190 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
75 47
1000
190 80 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-139 STayCNCTM II, ta c: Nyc = 1,9 Kw < Nm

4. Nguyn cng IV: Khoan - Khot - Doa 4 l |16 mm
nh v : Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do, mt tr 2 bc t do, mt
u 1 bc t do.
Kp cht: Chi tit c kp cht bng c cu tr trt t trn xung to lc
kp cng chiu vi lc ct khi gia cng.

(Hinh ve)


Chn my : My khoan K125 . Cng sut my N
m
= 2,8KW
Chn dao : Mi khoan thp gi , mi khot, doa thp gi .
Ch ct bc 1: Khoan l (4 l |13mm).
Chiu su ct t =6,5 mm
Lng chy dao So = 0,35 mm/vng (Bng 5-89 S tayCNCTM ) .
Vn tc ct V= 33,5 m/ph (Bng 5-90 S tayCNCTM ) .
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ 68 , 820
16 . 14 , 3
5 , 33 . 1000
.
. 1000
= = =
t

m
= 950 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
75 47
1000
190 80 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-139 STayCNCTM II ,ta c : Nyc = 1,7 Kw < Nm = 2,8
Ch ct bc 2: Khot 2 l |15,6 v 2 l |16
Ta tnh ch ct cho l |16
Chiu su ct t = (16-13)/2 = 1,5mm ,
Lng chy dao S
o
= 0,75 mm/vng (Bng 5-104 S tayCNCTM).
Vn tc ct v = 25 m/ph (Bng 5-105 S tayCNCTM).
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/
. ,
.
.
.
520
16 14 3
26 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
= 540 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
13 27
1000
540 16 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-139 S tayCNCTM,ta c: Nyc = 1,7 Kw < Nm = 2,8.
Ch ct bc 3: doa 2 l |16.
Chiu su ct t =(16-15,6)/2 = 0,2 mm
Lng chy dao S
o
= 2,4 mm/vng (Bng 5-112 S tay CNCTM).
Vn tc ct v = 6,8 m/ph (Bng 5-114 S tayCNCTM).
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ ,
. ,
, .
.
.
35 135
16 14 3
8 6 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
= 135vg/ph.
Nh vy tc ct thc t l: ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
78 6
1000
135 16 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Ch ct bc 4: Kho 4 mt bch
Chn dao: Dao khot thp gi . S rng Z = 5 rng
Lng d gia cng: Z
b
=3 mm
Ch ct:
Chiu su ct t=3 mm ,
S
o
= 0,7 mm/vng (Bng 5-104 S tayCNCTM II).
Tc ct V
b
= 52 m/ph (Bng 5-148 S tayCNCTM).
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/
. ,
.
.
.
662
225 14 3
52 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
= 668 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
44 52
1000
668 25 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-150 STayCNCTM, ta c: N
yc
= 1,4 Kw < N
m
= 2,8 Kw

5. Nguyn cng V: phay 2 mt u
nh v : Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do v 2 l hn ch 3 bc t
do (Dng mt cht tr ngn, mt cht trm).
Kp cht: Chi tit c kp cht bng n kp lin ng t trn xung vung
gc vi mt y.
Chn my: my phay nm ngang P623. Cng sut my N
m
= 6,3 KW
Chn dao: Dao phay a 2 mt rng lin P18, ng knh dao D = 250, s rng
Z=22 rng.
Lng d gia cng: phay 2 ln
+ Bc 1: 2.Z
b
= 5 mm
+ Bc 2: 2.Z
b
= 2 mm
Ch ct bc 1: (phay th)
Chiu su ct t =2.5 mm.
Lng chy dao rng S
z
=0,24 mm/rng (Bng 5-34 v 5-170 S tayCNCTM
II)
Lng chy dao vng S
0
= 0,24. 22= 5,28 mm/vng.
Tc ct V
b
=26 m/ph (Bng 5-135 S tay CNCTM).
S vng quay ca trc chnh l:
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ ,
. ,
.
.
.
12 33
250 14 3
26 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
=37,5 vng/pht.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ ,
, . . , . .
44 29
1000
5 37 250 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Cng sut ct N
o
=4,3 KW (Bng 5-174 S tay CNCTM II) .
N
o
< N
m
.q=7.0,8=5,6 KW
Ch ct bc 2: (phay tinh vi R
z
= 20)
Chiu su ct t =1 mm, lng chy dao vng S
0
=1,5 mm/vng (Bng 5-37
STayCNCTM).
S
z
= S
o
/z =1,5/22 = 0,07 mm/rng
Tc ct V
b
= 41,5 m/ph (Bng 5-172 S tay CNCTM II).
S vng quay ca trc chnh l:
ph vg
D
V
n / ,
. ,
, .
.
.
87 52
250 14 3
5 41 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
=60 vg/ph.

ph m
n D
V
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
1 47
1000
250 60 14 3
1000
= = =
t

(hinh ve)


6. Nguyn cng VI: Kho mt bch.
nh v : Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do ,2 l |16 hn ch 3 bc
t do ( Dng mt cht tr , mt cht trm ) .
gc vi mt y .
Chn my : My khoan K125 . Cng sut my N
m
= 2,8KW ,q = 0,8
Chn dao : Dao phay ngn v mi khoan l thp gi.

Ch ct bc: Kho mt bch
Chiu su ct t = 3 mm.
Lng chy dao rng S
z
=0,12mm/rng (Bng 5-146 S tay CNCTM II).
S rng Z = 5 rng
Lng chy dao vng S
0
= 0,12. 5= 0,6 mm/vng.
Tc ct V
b
=43 m/ph (Bng 5-148 STay CNCTM II).
ph vg
D
V
n
t
/ ,
. ,
.
.
.
7 684
20 14 3
43 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
= 668 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
95 41
1000
668 20 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-150 STay CNCTM II, ta c: N
yc
= 1,2 Kw < Nm = 2,8.0,8


(Hinh ve)


7. Nguyn cng VII : Tnh ch ct cho nguyn cng khot, doa l |40.
nh v: Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do, 2 l |16 hn ch 3 bc
t do.
Kp cht: Chi tit c kp cht bng c cu tho lp nhanh lc kp vung
gc vi mt y.
Chn my: My khoan K135 . Cng sut my N
m
= 4 Kw
Chn dao: Mi khot, doa thp gi.
Ch ct bc 1: Khot l |36
Ta c : + Chiu su ct t = 1,3 mm
+ Lng chy dao S =1,5 mm/vng ( Bng 5-26, s tay CNCTM II)
+ Tc ct V c tnh theo cng thc
V =
v
y
x
m
q
v
K
S t T
D C
. .
.

Trong :-Cc h s v s m tra bng 5-29 (S tay CNCTM II)
C
v
= 18,8; q=0,2 ; m=0,125 ; y=0,4 , x = 0,1
Tui th ca mi khoan thp gi P18 T =50 pht ( Bng 5-30, s tay
CNCTM II)
H s K
v
= K
MV
.k
UV
.K
LV
K
LV
=
nv
HB
|
.
|
\
|
190
Bng 5-1 S tay CNCTM II
HB = 190 K
MV
= 1
K
UV
= 1, Bng 5-6 (S tay CNCTM II)
K
LV
K
LV
= 1
V =
1
5 3 3 1 50
1 39 8 18
4 0 1 0
125 0
2 0
.
, . , .
, . ,
, ,
,
,

V = 19,88 m/ph
n =
D
V
. ,
.
14 3
1000
=
3 , 39 . 14 , 3
88 , 19 . 1000
= 162 vng/pht
m
= 168 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
tt
/ ,
. , . , . .
62 20
1000
168 1 39 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Ch ct bc 2: Doa th l |39,7
Ta c : + Chiu su ct t = 0,3 mm
+ Lng chy dao S =3,4 mm/vng ( Bng 5-27, s tay CNCTM II )
V =
v
y
x
m
q
v
K
S t T
D C
. .
.

Trong : - Cc h s v s m tra bng 5-29 (S tayCNCTM II)
C
v
= 15,6 ; q=0,2 ; m=0,3 ; y=0,5 , x = 0,1
CNCTM )
H s K
v
= K
MV
.k
UV
.K
LV
K
LV
=
nv
HB
|
.
|
\
|
190
HB = 190 K
MV
= 1
K
UV
K
LV
K
LV
= 1
V =
1
4 3 3 0 120
7 39 6 15
5 0
1 0
3 0
2 0
.
, . , .
, . ,
,
,
,
,

V = 4,74 m/ph
n =
D
V
. ,
.
14 3
1000
=
7 , 39 . 14 , 3
47 , 4 . 1000
= 38 vng/pht
Ch ct bc 3: Doa tinh l |40
Ta c: + Chiu su ct t = 0,15 mm
+ Lng chy dao S =3,4 mm/vng.
H s iu chnh Kos=0,8 (
Bng 5-27, s tay CNCTM ) S = 3,4.0,8 = 2,7
V =
v
y
x
m
q
v
K
S t T
D C
. .
.

Trong :-Cc h s v s m tra bng 5-29 STayCNCTM II
C
v
= 15,6 ; q=0,2 ; m=0,3 ; y=0,5 , x = 0,1
CNCTM )
H s K
v
= K
MV
.k
UV
.K
LV
K
LV
=
nv
HB
|
.
|
\
|
190
HB = 190 K
MV
= 1
K
UV
= 1 , Bng 5-6 S tay CNCTM II
K
LV
= 1 , Bng 5-31 S tay CNCTM II
K
LV
= 1
V =
1
27 15 0 120
40 6 15
5 0
1 0
3 0
2 0
.
. , .
. ,
,
,
,
,
V = 5,71 m/ph n =
D
V
. ,
.
14 3
1000
=
40 14 3
71 5 1000
. ,
, .
= 45,5vng/pht

(Hinh ve)


8. Nguyn cng VIII: khoan l |6
nh v : Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do v 2 l hn ch 3 bc t
do (Dng mt cht tr ngn, mt cht trm).
gc vi mt y.
Ch ct: Khoan l |6
Chiu su ct t =3 mm ,

Lng chy dao So = 0,3 mm/vng (Bng 5-89 STay CNCTM II ) .
Vn tc ct V= 31,5 m/ph (Bng 5-90 STay CNCTM II ) .
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/
. ,
, .
.
.
1672
6 14 3
5 31 1000 1000
= = =
t

m
= 1360 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
tt
/ ,
. . , . .
62 25
1000
1360 6 14 3
1000
= = =
t

Theo bng 5-92 STay CNCTM II , ta c : N
yc
= 1,0 Kw < Nm = 2,8.0,8


(Hinh ve)


9. Nguyn cng IX: Phay 4 vu u l y.
nh v: Chi tit c nh v mt y 3 bc t do, 2 l |16 hn ch 3 bc
t do.
Kp cht: Chi tit c kp cht bng c cu tho lp nhanh lc kp vung
gc vi mt y.
Chn my: my phay nm ngang 6H82. Cng sut my N
m
= 7 KW
Chn dao: Dao phay hnh tr rng lin P18 Z= 8 rng
Lng d gia cng: phay 1 ln vi Z
b
=2,5 mm
Ch ct (phay th)
Chiu su ct t = 2,5mm
Lng chy dao rng S
z
= 0,12 mm/rng (Bng 5-126 STayCNCTM II ) .
Lng chy dao vng S
0
= 0,12. 8 = 0,96 mm/vng.
Tc ct V
b
= 63 m/ph (Bng 5-135 STayCNCTM II).
H s iu chnh: Ws = 0,9138
Tc ct tnh ton l: V
t
=V
b
. Ws = 63.0,9138= 57,57m/pht
ph vg
D
V
n
t
t
/ 458
40 . 14 , 3
57 , 57 . 1000
.
. 1000
= = =
t

m
=500 vg/ph.
ph m
n D
V
t
tt
/ 83 , 62
1000
500 . 40 . 14 , 3
1000
. .
= = =
t

Cng sut ct N
o
=3,8 KW (Bng 5-140 STay CNCTM II).
N
o
< N
m
.q=7.0,8=5,6 KW


(Hinhve)


10. Nguyn cng kim tra
Kim tra song song gia mt l tr v mt y (Hnh biu din s cui
bn thuyt minh).

(Hinh v)


III- Xc nh thi gian nguyn cng.

Thi gian c bn c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
) ( .
.
0
pht i
n S
L L L
T
v
2 1
+ +
=

L- Chiu di b mt gia cng (mm)
L
1
- Chiu di n dao (mm)
L
2
- Chiu di thot dao (mm)
S
v
- Lng chy dao vng (mm/vg)
n- S vng quay trong 1 pht (vg/ph)
i- S ln gia cng
S
p
=S
v
.n (mm/ph)
Cng thc tnh thi gian phay
) ( .
0
pht i
S
L L L
T
p
2 1
+ +
=

+ >Nguyn cng phay mt y
Phay th
L=120 mm
15 3 5 0 5 2 80 5 2 3 5 0
1
= + = + = ) , ( ) , ( , ) , ( ) ( t D t L mm
L
2
=3 mm
S = Z . S
z
=16 . 0,12 = 1,92
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 307 0 1
234 92 1
3 15 120
=
+ +
=
Phay tinh
L= 120 mm
10 3 5 0 1 80 1 3 5 0
1
= + = + = ) , ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( t D t L mm
L
2
=3 mm
) ( ,
. ,
0
pht T 227 0
234 5 2
3 10 120
=
+ +
=
+>Nguyn2: Khoan - khot - doa v kho mt bch u l |16

Khoan l 4 l |13
L=35 mm
L
1
= (d / 2) . cotg + (0,5 2 )
= (13 / 2 ).cotg59 + (0,5 2 ) = 5
L
2
= 3
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 517 0 4
950 35 0
3 5 35
=
+ +
=

Khot l 4 l |15,6
L = 35
L
1
=
2
d D
cotg + (0,5 2)
=
2
13 6 15 ,
cotg45 + (0,5 2) = 3
L
2
= 2
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 395 0 4
540 75 0
2 3 35
=
+ +
=
Doa l 2 l |16
L =35
L
1
=
2
d D
cotg + (0,5 2)
=
2
6 15 16 ,
cotg45 + (0,5 2) = 2
L
2
= 2
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 241 0 2
135 4 2
2 2 16
=
+ +
=
+>Nguyn cng3: Phay 2 mt u
Phay th
+>Nguyn cng phay 2 mt u
Phay th
L = 80
24 3 5 0 5 250 5 3 5 0
1
= + = + = ) , ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( t D t L
L
2
= 5
) ( ,
, . ,
0
pht T 550 0
5 37 28 5
5 24 80
=
+ +
=
Phay tinh
L = 80
24 3 5 0 5 250 5 3 5 0
1
= + = + = ) , ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( t D t L
L
2
= 5
) ( ,
. ,
0
pht T 21 1
60 5 1
5 24 80
=
+ +
=
+>Nguyn cng4: Kho mt bch

) ( .
.
0
pht i
n S
L L
T
1
+
=

L=15 mm
L
1
= 0,5 2 mm
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 012 0 1
668 6 0
2 3
=
+
=

+> Nguyn cng 5: Khot Doa l chnh |40
Khot l |39,1
L = 120
L
1
=
2
5 36 1 39 , ,
cotg + (0,5 2) = 3
L
2
= 2
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 496 0 1
168 5 1
2 3 120
=
+ +
=
Doa l |40
L = 120
L
1
=
2
d D
cotg + (0,5 2)
L
2
= 2
Doa th :
L
1
=
2
1 39 7 39 , ,
cotg45+ (0,5 2) = 2
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 960 0 1
38 4 3
2 2 120
=
+ +
=
Doa tinh :
L
1
=
2
7 39 40 ,
cotg45 + (0,5 2) = 2
) ( , .
, . ,
0
pht T 009 1 1
5 45 7 2
2 2 120
=
+ +
=
+> Nguyn cng 6: gia cng l dn du |6:

Khoan l |6
L = 27
L
1
=
2
d
cotg + (0,5 2) =
2
6
cotg59 + (0,5 2) = 3,5
L
2
= 2
) ( , .
. ,
,
0
pht T 08 0 1
1360 3 0
2 5 3 27
=
+ +
=

+> Nguyn cng 7: gia cng 4 vu.

) ( .
.
0
pht i
n S
L L
T
1
+
=

L = 80
L
1
= 0,5 2
) ( , .
. ,
0
pht T 043 0 4
668 7 0
2 80
=
+
=
Tng thi gian c bn l :
T
o
=0,307 + 0,227 + 0,517 + 0,395 + 0,241+ 0,043 + 0,550
+ 1,210 + 0,012 + 0,080 + 0,356 + 0,960 + 1,009 =5,907 pht
Thi gian nguyn cng (Thi gian tng chic) : T
tc
= T
o
+T
p
+T
pv
+T
tn

T
o
- Thi gian c bn
T
p
- Thi gian ph = 10%T
o
=0,591 pht.
T
pv
- Thi gian phc v = 11%T
0
= 0,650 pht.
T
tn
- Thi gian ngh = 5%T
o
=0,295pht.
Vy T
tc
= 5,907+ 0,591 + 0,650 + 0,295 = 7,443 pht.

IX. THIT K G G T CHI TIT CHO NGUYN CNG GIA CNG L
NG KNH u40
Nguyn cng gia cng l u40 phi qua 3 bc: khot, doa th, doa tinh.
D dng nhn ra rng vi chiu su ct ln nht ca bc khot nn chc chn
lc ct s ln nht trong cc bc gia cng ca nguyn cng ny. V vy khi
tnh ton g ta ch cn tnh cho nguyn cng khot l cng vng cn
thit ca g gia cng cho c nguyn cng.

1-Phn tch s g t v yu cu k thut ca nguyn cng gia cng
l u40
Yu cu i vi l u40 l phi nm song song vi mt y ca chi tit v
phi vung gc vi 2 mt u do vy gia cng c ta phi nh v 6 bc
t do.
+ Mt phng y nh v 3 bc t do v c R
z
= 20. Mt phng ny c dng
2 phin t hn ch.
+ Hai l tr u16 nh v hn ch 3 bc t do v c R
z
= 2,5. Dng 1 cht tr
ngn v 1 cht trm hn ch.
Chuyn ng ct song song vi mt y v vung gc vi l nh v u16.
Hng ca lc kp vung gc vi mt phng nh v v vung gc vi chuyn
ng ct.
Kch thc gia cng cn t c l u40
+ 0,039
, nhm l R
a
= 1,25

2- Xc nh m men ct M
x
v lc dc trc P
o

+ Tnh m men xon M
x

M
X
= 10 .C
M
.D
q
. t
x
S
y
.K
p
C
M
= 0,085 ; q = 0 ; x = 0,75 ; y = 0,8 Bng 5-32 S tay CNCTM II
K
P
= K
LV
= 1 Bng 5-9
M
X
= 10 .0,85.39,1
0
. 1,3
0,75
1,5
0,8
.1 = 14,31 Nm

+ Tnh lc chiu trc p
0

p
0
= 10 .C
p
. t
x
.D
q
. S
y
.K
p
C
P
= 23,5 ; q = 0 ; x = 1,2 ; y = 0,4 Bng 5-32 S tay CNCTM II
P
0
= 10.23,5.1,3
1,2
39,1
0
.1,5
0,4
.1 = 378,65 N
+ Cng sut ct Ne
N
e
=
9750
V Mx.
=
9750
168 31 14 . ,
= 0,25 Kw < N
m
= 4 Kw
Xc nh lc ct, tnh lc kp
Tnh m men gy lt do lc dc trc Po v m men xon Mx gy ra

+ Do Po :
M
1
= Po.100 = 378,65.100 = 37865 Nmm
+ Do Mx :
M
2
=
D
Mx . 2
.160 =
1 39
1000 31 14 2
,
. , .
.160 = 117115,1 Nmm
Vy lc kp cn thit W l :
W =
100
2 1
M M +
.K =
100
1 117115 37865 , +
.K = 1549,8.K ( N )
K: l h s an ton,c tnh nh sau :
K = K
o
.K
1
. K
2
. K
3
. K
4
. K
5
. K
6
Vi : K
o
: l h s an ton trong mi trng hp, ly K
o
=1,5
K
1
: l h s k n lng d khng u, khi khoan l rng ly K
2
=1
K
2
: l h s k n dao cn lm tng lc ct, ly K
o
=1
K
3
: l h s k n lc ct khng lin tc, ly K
3
=1
K
4
: l h s k n ngun sinh lc, kp cht bng tay ly K
4
=1,3
K
5
: l h s k n v tr tay quay, ly K
5
=1,2
K
o
: l h s k n tnh cht tip xc, ly K
6
=1
T tnh c: K = 1,5.1.1.1.1,3.1,2.1 = 2,34 ly K = 2,5
Thay vo cng thc tnh lc kp ta c:
W = 1549,8. 2,5 = 3874,5 N = 387,45 kg
* Chn c cu kp v c cu sinh lc.
C cu kp cht phi tho mn cc yu cu: khi kp phi gi ng v tr phi lc
kp to ra phi , khng lm bin dng phi, kt cu nh gn, thao tc thun li
v an ton. Vi cc yu cu nh vy ta chn c cu kp l c cu n kp, kp cht
bng ren.
C cu sinh lc l tay cng nhn.
c cu kp bng ren vt iu kin lm vic th ng knh ti thiu ca
trc ren cn thit l:
ng knh ren trung bnh ca bu lng kp cht nh sau:
| |
mm cm
Q
C d 7 , 14 47 , 1
350
45 , 387
. 4 , 1 . = = = >
o

Trong :
C: h s c gi tr C = 1,4
[o]: bn ko gii hn ca vt liu ch to bulng.
Chn ng knh bulng tiu chun l d= 16 mm
4.Chn c cu dn hng v cc c cu khc
*C cu dn hng
Vi g khoan, khot, doa th c cu dn hng l mt b phn quan trng
khng th thiu, n xc nh trc tip v tr ca dng c ct v tng cng vng
ca chng trong qu trnh gia cng.
C cu dn hng c dng l phin dn c nh. Do nguyn cng gm nhiu
bc gia cng vi kch thc bao ca dng c ct khc nhau nn cc bc c ta
s dng trong nguyn cng ny u l l loi bc thay nhanh.
* Cc c cu khc
C cu kp cht g ln bn my l Bulng v ai c .
Thn g c chn theo kt cu nh bn v lp , thn c ch to bng gang
5.Xc nh sai s ch to g
Sai s ch to g cho php theo yu cu ca nguyn cng quy nh iu kin
k thut ch to v lp rp g.
Nh vy ta c:
+Sai s g t cho php :
| | o c c c c c c c
|
.
|
\
|
= s + + + + =
2
1
5
1
2 2 2 2 2
gd ctlr ld m k c gd

Suy ra : | |
2 2 2 2 2
c ld m k gd ctlr
c c c c c c =
Trong
c
k
: l sai s do kp cht phi , trong trng hp ny lc kp vung gc vi
phng kch thc thc hin do c
k
= 0
c
m
: l sai s do mn g,ta c c
m
= |. m N 2 2 5500 03 0 , . , = =
c
l
: l sai s do lp t g , ly c
l
= 10 m
c
c
: l sai s chun do nh v chi tit gia cng c
c
=0
c
g
: l sai s g t,
vi o = 0,023 mm l sai lch cho php v v tr ca nguyn cng,
ta c c
g
= (1/5-:-1/2).50 = 20 m
vy | | 17 10 10 5 2 20
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
= = = ,
c ld m k gd ctlr
c c c c c c m

6. iu kin k thut ca g .
khng song song gia y mt t v y g : 0.09mm
khng song gia mt t v mt B<=0.09mm
B mt lm vic nhit luyn HRC40-:-60
B mt cc cht HRC50-:-55
B mt lm vic ca phin t HRC50-:-60

TI LIU THAM KHO

1- Thit k n cng ngh ch to my Pgs-Pts - Trn Vn ch 1999
2- S tay cng ngh ch to my
Pgs-Pts - Trn Vn ch vPgs-Pts Nguyn c lc 2000
3- g c kh ho v t ng ho Pgs-Pts L Vn Tin 1999
4- Cng ngh ch to my tp1v 2 Pgs-Pts Nguyn c lc 1999
5- My ct kim loi Ngun Th Lng
6- C s my cng c
7- Dung sai Ninh c Tn

Mc lc
Li ni u ............................................................................................. 1
I-Phn tch chc nng v iu kin lm vic ca chi tit ...................................
II- Phn tch tnh cng ngh trong kt cu ca chi tit
III- Xc nh dng sn xut .............................................................................
IV- Xc nh phng php ch to phi v thit k bn v chi tit lng phi ....
V- Lp th t cc nguyn cng .........................................................................
1- Xc nh ng li cng ngh ..............................................................
2-Chn phng php gia cng ...................................................................
VI- Tnh ch ct cho mt nguyn cng v tra ch ct cho cc nguyn
cng cn li. .....................................................................................................
1-Nguyn cng 1: Phay mt y ................................................................
2-Nguyn cng 2:Khoan, khot, doa 4 l u16 v kho 4 mt bch ......... 3-
Nguyn cng 3: Phay 2 mt bn ................................................................
4-Nguyn cng 5 : Kho mt bch v khoan l l u6
5-Nguyn cng 4: Khot - Doa l u40 ......................................................
6- Nguyn cng 6 :Kim tra song song .................................................
VII- Tnh lng d cho mt b mt v tra lng d cho cc b mt cn li ......
1-Tnh lng d khi gia cng l u40+0,039

.2- Tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng cn li ...........................................
VIII- Xc nh thi gian nguyn cng ..............................................................
IX- Thit k g g t chi tit ca nguyn cng khot - doa l u40 .............
1-Phn tch s g t v yu cu k thut ca nguyn cng khot - doa
l u40 ......................................................................................................
2- Xc nh m men ct v lc ct ............................................................
3- Xc nh lc ct, tnh lc kp ...............................................................
4- Chn c cu dn hng v cc c cu khc
5- Xc nh sai s g t ........................................................................
Bng lit k danh sch cc chi tit ca g cho nguyn cng khot
Ti liu tham kho.......................................................................................


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Thiết Kế Quy Trình Chế Tạo Chi Tiết Gối Đỡ

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m Vn Thu n cng ngh ch to my

Lp CTM6 K46 Khoa C kh 1

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