KIM TRA NH K: CHNG GLUXIT

Bi 1:

Lactoz (ng sa) c sn xut cc vng nng tri rng ln H Lan, nguyn liu
u l vng sa (mt sm phm ph ca cng nghip phomat). Lactoz c dng
lm thuc trong dc phm v trong cc loi n cho tr s sinh. N l mt disaccarit
cha hai n v monosaccarit l D galactoz v D glucoz. Cng thc chiu Haworth
ca lactoz cho di. n v monosaccarit bn tri l D galactoz.

O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
OH
HO O
OH
Lact
oz










1. V cng thc chiu Fischer ca D galactoz v D glucoz
Axit xc tc cho phn ng thy phn lactoz thnh D galactoz v D glucoz
2. Ch ra bng mi tn trong cng thc ca lactoz
a) Nguyn t oxy no b proton tn cng xy ra phn ng thy phn
b) Lin kt cacbon oxy no b b gy trong phn ng thy phn
c) Nguyn t cacbon no s b bin i trong phn ng vi thuc th Fehling
(dng xc nh ng kh)
S thy phn lactoz c th c tin hnh cng lc vi phn ng hydro ha khi
ta s dng xc tc kim loi thu c polyancol l sorbitol v galactitol (cn gi l
gluxitol v duxitol)
3. V cng thc chiu Fischer ca hai ancol ny v cho bit chng c quang hot hay
khng
Trong cng nghip th lactoz b ng phn ha thnh lactuloz l mt dc phm
Hydro ha lactoz dn n lactitol l mt loi C
12
polyol c ngt b v hm
lng calo thp. C hai qu trnh ny u c thc hin H Lan
4. V cng thc chiu Haworth ca lactuloz (Phn glucoz trong lactoz b ng
phn ha thnh fructoz) v lactitol





Bi 2:

1) Disaccarit A C
11
H
20
O
10
b thy phn bng enzym galactozidaza cho D
glucoz v mt D pentoz. Disaccarit A khng b kh bng dung dch Fehling.
Khi metyl ha A nng (CH
3
)
2
SO
4
trong NaOH thu c heptametyl ete B. Thy
phn B trong axit cho 2, 3, 4, 6 tetra O metyl D glucoz v pentoz tri
O metylete C. Oxy ha C bng nc brom cho axit 2, 3, 4 tri O metyl
D ribonic. Xc nh cu trc cc cht t A n C
2) Disccarit turanoz c tnh kh c em thy phn thu c D glucoz v D
fructoz vi s mol bng nhau v bng s mol disaccarit dng. Metyl ha
turanoz vi CH
3
I/Ag
2
O ri thy phn k tip to ra 2, 3, 4, 6 tetra O metyl
D fructoz. xut cu to c th c ca turanoz m khng cn xc nh ha
lp th ti cc v tr anome
3) Glycozt A (C
20
H
27
NO
11
) c trong ht Rosaceae khng phn ng vi dung dch
Benedict cng nh nc Fehling. S thy phn bng enzym ca A cho (-) B
C
8
H
7
NO v C C
12
H
22
O
11
, nhng s thy phn hon ton bng axit cho cc sn
phm hu c (+) D C
6
H
12
O
6
v (-) E C
8
H
8
O
3
. C c mt lin kt glycozit v
cho phn ng vi dung dch Benedict hoc nc Fehling. Metyl ha C vi
CH
3
I/Ag
2
O to thnh C
20
H
38
O
11
m khi thy phn trong mi trng axit cho 2, 3,
4 tri O metyl D glucopyranoz v 2, 3, 4, 6 tetra O metyl D
glucopyranoz. ()B c th c tng hp t benzandehit v NaHSO
3
, tip theo
vi NaCN. Thy phn ()B trong mi trng axit thu c ()E C
8
H
8
O
3
. Vit
cng thc cu to cc cht t A n D vi ha lp th ph hp vi cng thc chiu
Haworth (tr cht B)

Bi 3:

1) Thc hin cc chuyn ha sau:
CHO
CHOH
CH
2
OH
CN
-
/ H
+
CN
CHOH
CHOH
CH
2
OH
Ba(OH)
2
COOH
CHOH
CHOH
CH
2
OH
HNO
3
COOH
CHOH
CHOH
COOH

Cho bit cu hnh sn phm cui nu cht u l D glyxerandehit
2) Vit cu to lp th A v B
CHO
HO H
H OH
CH
2
OH
H OH
1. NaCN / H
+
2. H
3
O
+
, t
o
A + B





Bi 4:

Tng hp lacton sau t D xiloz
C
OH H
OH H
OH H
H O
CH
2
OH
O