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OFDM WIRELESS

SYSTEM
OFDM Concept
Chuyn lung d liu ni tip
tc cao thnh cc lung song
song tc thp, mi lung
c iu ch trn mt sng
mang ph (SC).
Tc symbol trn mi sng
mang thp di mu tn
hiu tng gim nhiu ISI.
Mi sng mang ph trc giao
vi cc sng mang ph cn li
cho php chng ph tng
hiu qu s dng ph.

OFDM Concept
Trc giao: im cc i (ph tn) ca mt knh con l im 0
ca knh ln cn.
Ph tn hiu OFDM
(a) ca mt knh con
(b) ca 5 knh con

OFDM drawbacks
Nhy cm vi dch tn v nhiu pha (do yu cu v iu kin
trc giao gia cc sng ,ang ph)
OFDM c t l cng sut nh/trung bnh (PAPR) ln gim
hiu sut ca b khuch i RF.
Nhy cm vi hiu ng ph thuc thi gian ca knh (do chiu
di mu tn hiu tng)
OFDM introduction
OFDM point-to-point transmission system
N: chiu di DFT (thng =2
k
tng hiu qu thut ton FFT)
i: ch s ca sng mang ph.
k: ch s ca OFDM symbol

OFDM introduction
IDFT and DFT
IDFT and DFT : iu ch v gii iu ch d liu trn cc sng
mang ph trc giao.
u vo IDFT gm N lung d liu song song {x
i,k
}
i: ch s sng mang ph
k: ch s OFDM symbol
{xi,k} c ly t symbol mapping QAM hoc PSK
u ra IDFT gm N mu (TD) baseband signal mang cc mu d liu
trn N sng mang trc giao.
Trong thc t khng phi tt c N sng mang ph u mang d liu.
N l bi s ca c s 2 thut ton FFT t hiu sut cao.

OFDM introduction
Chui bo v (CP or GI)

Chng li nhiu xuyn tn hiu (ISI) gy ra bi hiu ng phn
tp a ng m bo tnh trc giao ca cc SC n gin
ha cu trc b nh gi knh truyn.
Chiu di chui bo v (T
G
) phi ln hn tr ln nht ca hiu
ng a ng (
max
) thng chn bng 1/10 n chiu di
symbol (T
S
).
Chui bo v khng mang tn hiu c ch gim ph tn hiu
h thng, SNR gim t 0.5 n 1dB.

OFDM introduction
Chui bo v (CP or GI)
OFDM introduction
Channel Coding and interleaving
Channel coding: M ha knh l phng php b xung thm cc bit
vo bn tin truyn i nhm mc ch pht hin (m kim tra chn l)
v sa li (m lp).
Cc knh ph thuc tn s gy suy hao ln cho cc symbol truyn
trn mt hoc vi SC li bit.
C ch m ha hiu qu s sa li bit coded OFDM (COFDM)
Phn loi:
M tuyn tnh
M vng (CRC)
M chp (Convolution)
M Turbo
Vic la chn loi m ty thuc vo
Nhiu trn ng truyn
Cng sut
Bng thng

OFDM introduction
Symbol Mapping (modulation)
iu ch bng tn c s: M-QAM hoc QPSK
iu ch dng bit thnh mu tn hiu phc a mc.
Synchronization
ng b thi gian v tn s: xc nh im bt u ca OFDM symbol,
hiu chnh tn s dao ng ni trong b iu ch v gii iu ch.




OFDM System Modeling
S h thng
Tnh trc giao
OFDM transmitter
Knh phn tp thi gian
OFDM demodulation


OFDM Transmission System
S khi my thu/ pht trong h thng OFDM
OFDM System Modeling
Parameters
N: S sng mang ph
T
S
: di mu tn hiu
T
sym
: di mu tn hiu OFDM (T
sym
= N.T
S
)

: symbol th truyn trn sng mang th k


=0,1,2.,
k=0,1,2,, N-1 (N: S sng mang con)
x[n]: tn hiu ri rc OFDM sau IFFT. (n=0N-1)
y[n]: tn hiu ri rc OFDM ti my thu

: symbol thu c sau FFT




Orthogonality
2 vector/hm trc giao vi nhau khi inner product ca chng
bng 0.
Vector

Min thi gian
, =


Min tn s
, =

0


.

2
.
.

2
.
.

= 0

=0

Orthogonality
Tn hiu dng phc:
2



1
=0
, 0

: sng mang ph th k.
Cc tn hiu trc giao vi nhau khi:
1

0
=
1


2
()

0
=
1, =
0,

Ly mu ri rc ti =

; = 0,1,2, 1 c:
1

1
=0

=
1

2
()

=
1, =
0,
1
=0

Tnh trc giao gip tn hiu OFDM khng b nhiu lin knh
ICI
OFDM Transmission System
OFDM transmitter
Chuyn cc bit thng tin thnh cc symbol PSK hoc QAM chuyn thnh N lung
song song (S/P) mi lung truyn trn 1 sng mang.

: symbol th truyn trn sng mang th k


=0,1,2.,
k=0,1,2,, N-1 (N: S sng mang con)
Tn hiu OFDM (passband & baseband) min thi gian

[]
1
=0

=0


Tn hiu baseband OFDM c ly mu ti t = .

[]
2/ 1
=0
; n=0,1,, N-1
N im IDFT ca cc symbol PSK hoc QAM

c tnh t thut ton IFFT.


l php bin i IFFT ca




OFDM receiver
Baseband OFDM Symbol thu c:

[]
1
=0


; .

< t < .


Do tnh trc giao ca cc sng mang ph nn c:

=
1

=
1

[]
1
=0


Ly mu OFDM symbol

ti t = .

vi n=0 N-1
c:


2/ 1
=0
=
1

[]
1
=0

2/


2/ 1
=0

=

[]
1
=0

2 n/N 1
=0
=


N im DFT ca

c tnh t thut ton FFT


l php bin i FFT ca



OFDM Guard Interval
Chn khong bo v gia 2 OFDM symbols trnh nhiu ISI
do hiu ng a ng trn knh v tuyn.
CP (Cyclic Prefix)
CS (Cyclic Suffix)
ZP(Zero Padding)
OFDM Guard Interval
Tn hiu OFDM thu c:

< <

+n

: p ng xung ca knh.

: nhiu Gaussian
Ly mu tn hiu ti nT
s
c:

;

OFDM Guard Interval
CP (Cyclic Prefix)
Copy phn cui ca OFDM Symbol
chn ln phn u.
Trnh nhiu liu k t (ISI)
Khong bo v (

) cn ln hn tr
truyn lan max ca knh a ng
(

) duy tr tnh trc giao ca cc


sng mang ph


Khi khng c nhiu, b cn bng cn
ch cn thc hin php chia cho hm
truyn t knh

.

OFDM Guard Interval
CP (Cyclic Prefix)
Khi T
G
<

phn cui ca symbol s nh hng n phn u ca symbol k


tip nhiu ISI.
Trong thc t, c dch thi gian (STO- Symbol timing offset) phn u ca
OFDM symbol trng vi im bt u ca FFT window.
ISI/ICI khng ch ph thuc vo T
G
m cn ph thuc vo im bt u ca FFT
window.
Nu im bt u ca FFT window:
Sm hn im kt thc ca symbol trc ISI
Mun hn im bt u ca symbol ICI


OFDM Guard Interval
CS (Cyclic Suffix)
Copy phn u ca OFDM symbol v chn vo cui symbol .
Trnh nhiu gia upstream v downstream, l khong bo v
cho nhy tn cho php tn hiu truyn c 2 hng.
Chiu di CS (T
CS
) ph thuc vo thi gian pht ca upstream
v thu ca downstream.

OFDM Guard Interval
ZP(Zero Padding)
Chn bit 0 vo khong
bo v.
OFDM symbol cha ZP
c PAPR nh hn so vi
CP v CS.
Tc d liu OFDM
symbol gim s ln:


OFDM Guard Interval
ZP(Zero Padding)
Khi chiu di ca ZP ln hn

, STO nh dn n OFDM symbol khng


lin tc trong FFT window.
Copy mt phn ca symbol tip theo v chn vo phn u ca symbol hin
ti ngn chn ICI
OFDM Guard Band
Ph cng sut ca tn hiu OFDM l tng ca nhiu hm sinc
dch tn cng sut ngoi di ln nhiu gia cc knh ln
cn (ACI)GB nhm gim nh hng ca ACI.
Thc hin bng ca s RC (raised cosine) c h s roll-off
sa dng tn hiu :

= .


Symbol OFDM th l c sa dng bng ca s RC:

1
=0

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