cos(-) = cos

sin(-) = - sin
tan(-) = - tan
cot(-) = - cot
sin( - ) = sin
cos( - ) = - cos
tan( - ) = - tan
cot( - ) = - cot
sin(
2

- ) = cos, cos(
2

- ) = sin
tan(
2

- ) = cot, cot(
2

- ) = tan
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
CHUYN PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
TRONG CC K THI TUYN SINH H - C
Trong thi H C cc nm gn , !"i ton gi#i $h%&ng tr'nh (%)ng gic
(*T+,) (" m-t trong cc !"i ton th%.ng /01n /02t hi3n trong cc thi4 5"i ton n"
6h7ng th0-c trong nh8m cc !"i ton 6h8 trong cc thi n1n ch9 cn $h%&ng $h$ h:c
6hoa h:c h:c sinh c8 th; <t i;m t=i a =i >?i !"i to"n n"4
Trong >i3c gi#i *T+, >i3c t@$ cho h:c sinh nh@n /At m=i B0an h3 cc g8c cCa cc
h"m s= trong *T+, r2t B0an tr:ng >' i0 n" sD giE$ h:c sinh $ FGng c7ng thHc (%)ng
gic h)$ (I4
Trong !"i >iJt n" t7i /in gi?i thi30 cc $h%&ng $h$ gi#i, m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki >"
m-t s= 6L nng c& !#n giE$ h:c sinh nh@n F<ng >" >@n FGng cc c7ng thHc (%)ng gic h)$
(M ; gi#i B0Jt t=t !"i ton gi#i $h%&ng tr'nh (%)ng gic trong cc thi H C4
A. C S L THUYT
I . CNG TH!C LNG GIC"
#. C$% &' (&)% *+,-. ./$% %0 12-"
N&3" Cng gc
2 2
sin cos
sin cos NO tan , cot O N sin , cos N
cos sin
x x
x x x x x x
x x
+
P0 raQ
2 2
2 2
N N
N tan ,N cot O tan 4cot N4
cos sin
x x x x
x x
+ +
4. C5-. %6 */7- 859- :;% 1/'("
N&3" Cos i Sin b - Ph cho
;% 1/'("
6hi
6hi

t t
'

t t
'

sin kchn
sin( k ) ;tan( k ) tan
sin khi kl
cos kchn
cos( k ) ;cot( k ) cot
cos khi kl
<. C=-. (&)% %>-."
N&3" Sin !h" sin cos# cos sin
Cos !h" cos cos# sin sin $%& i

b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
tan 4 tan N
tan tan
) tan(
tan 4 tan N
tan tan
) tan(
+

+
+
?. C=-. (&)% -&@- :=/"
N&3" S&' r( !) c*ng !h+c c,ng b-ng cch !h(' b b-ng (
2R
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
A. C=-. (&)% &B 1C%"
N&3" ./c s&' r( !) c*ng !h+c nh0n *i4
+

2 2
1 cos2 1 cos2
cos ,sin
2 2
x x
x x
D. C=-. (&)% 1/E- :F/ (F-. (&G-& (H%&"
N&3" Sin c,ng sin b-ng h(i 12n sin cos3 Sin !r) sin b-ng h(i 12n cos sin
Cos c,ng cos b-ng h(i 12n cos cos3 Cos !r) cos b-ng h(i 12n cos sin
+ +
+ +
+

+ +
+
sin( )
sin sin 2.sin .cos , tan tan
2 2 cos .cos
sin( )
sin sin 2.cos .sin , tan tan
2 2 cos .cos
cos cos 2.cos .cos , cos cos 2.sin .sin
2 2 2 2
a b a b a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b a b a b
a b a b
I. C=-. (&)% 1/E- :F/ (H%& (&G-& (F-."
N&3" S&' r( !) c*ng !h+c !ng !hnh !4ch
+ + 1
]
+ + 1
]
+ 1
]
1
sin .cos sin( ) sin( )
2
1
cos .cos cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .sin cos( ) cos( )
2
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
J. C=-. (&)% (H-& (&KL ( M (9- 9"

+ +
2
2 2 2
2 1 2
sin2 ,cos2 ,tan2
1 1 1
t t t
a a a
t t t
Cng thc ny a s hc sinh khng nh c nhng hay dng trong vic gii
!"# n$n c%n &' ( cho hc sinh)
N. C=-. (&)% -&@- 19"

3 3
3
2
sin3 3.sin 4.sin , cos3 4.cos 3.cos
3tan tan
tan3
1 3tan
a a a a a a
a a
a
a
II. CC PHNG PHP GIOI PTLG" ; gi#i !"i ton n" $h%&ng $h$ th%.ng gS$
(" thTc hi3n m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki h)$ (I (>' cc c7ng thHc (%)ng gic r2t a F<ng) ; %a
!"i ton >Q
U *T+, c& !#n4
U *T+, th%.ng gS$Q
N4 *h%&ng tr'nh !@c nh2t, !@c hai, !@c !a, V =i >?i hs(g4
24 *h%&ng tr'nh !@c nh2t =i >?i sin0, cos04
W4 *T th0n nh2t !@c hai =i >?i sin0, cos04
X4 *h%&ng tr'nh =i /Hng =i >?i sin0 >" cos04
2Y
sin2a = 2sina4cosa
2
2.tan
tan2
1 tan

a
a
a
cos2a = 24cos
2
a N
= N 24sin
2
a
= cos
2
a sin
2
a
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
U *h%&ng tr'nh tIch cc *T+, c& !#n, cc *T+, th%.ng gS$4
U H3 cc *T+,Q $hn n" ta th0.ng sZ FGngQ [%a > tKng cc !'nh $h%&ng, nh gi
hoSc F\ng !2t ]ng thHc V^4 Cc nm gn It th2 ra F<ng n" n1n t7i 6h7ng gi?i thi30
trong ch01n n"4
_go"i ra, ta c`n sZ FGng cch St an s= $hG h)$ (I ; %a > $h%&ng tr'nh thbo an $hG
8 >" gi#i t'm nghi3m4
P. PQI TRP
I. STT SU PHVP PIN WI THXNG YZNG"
.5 ( 67 PT !4ch h(' 5 r! g8n
N)
2
N sin 2 (sin cos ) x x x + + O
2
N sin 2 (sin cos ) x x x
2)
sin cos
N tan
cos
x x
x
x
t
t ,
cos sin
N cot
sin
x x
x
x
t
t , W)
sin 2
sin cos
2
x
x x
X) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos 2 cos sin cos sin 4 cos sin + x x x x x x x
R) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos / N sin / N sin / 4 N sin / +
( ) ( )
2 2
sin / N cos / N cos/ 4 N cos / +
Y)
2 2
sin / cos / 2
t an/Ucot /
sin /4cos/ sin 2/
+

,
2 2
sin / cos / 2cos2/
t an/ cot /
sin /4cos/ sin 2/


c)
W W
sin cos (sin cos )(N sin 4cos ) x x x x x x + + ,
W W
sin cos (sin cos )(N sin 4cos ) x x x x x x +
d)
X X 2 2
cos sin cos sin cos 2 x x x x x
X X 2 2 2
N N N cos X W N
sin cos N 2sin 4cos N 4sin 2 N 4 4cos X
2 2 2 X X
x
x x x x x x
_
+ +

,
Y Y 2 2 2
W W N cos X R W
sin cos N Wsin 4cos N 4sin 2 N 4 4cos X
X X 2 d d
x
x x x x x x
_
+ +

,
e)
W W W
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin cos
2 2 2
x x x x

_
+ +

,

c c c
cos cos 4cos sin 4sin sin
2 2 2
x x x x

_
+

,
( )
2
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin 4 sin cos
X X X 2
x x x x x

_
+ + +

,
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV4
II. STT SU K[ N\NG NHRN Y]NG THXNG YZNG"
.5 69n $ng c*ng !h+c 1/ng gic h/: 1; 5 gi<i bi !on gi<i PT=>
fhi gS$ *T+, c8 chHaQ
- [5'nh $h%&ng, 6hc g8c^ ta th%.ng sZ sGng c7ng thHc h< !@c4
- [TIch cc h"m s= (%)ng gic sin >" cos^ ta th%.ng !iJn Ki > tKng4
- [TKng cc h"m s= (%)ng gic sin >" cos^ ta th%.ng !iJn Ki > tIch4
- [,8c g2$ 7i nha0^ ta th%.ng sZ FGng c7ng thHc nhn 7i4
- [Cc g8c Sc !i3t^, gh nh%Q /
X

+ ,
W
2
x

,
c
X
x

ta th%.ng sZ FGng c7ng thHc

c-ng ; !iJn Ki tr%?c4 +%0 M cc cS$ gS$ $hG nha04
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
III. STT SU PQI TON P Y^NG"
2c
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
PG/ (L$- #" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2
cos 2 N
cot N sin sin
N tan 2
x
x x x
x
+
+
N&C- _`( " * bi to+n ny ta v,n d-ng c+c .h/. bi0n 1i 2 tr$n 3 a v4 ! t5ch)
HY"
i0 6i3nQ
sin 4cos i x x
>" tan/ j N
( ) ( )
( )
2
cos 2 N
cot N sin sin
N tan 2
cos sin cos sin
cos sin
sin 4 sin cos
cos sin
sin
cos
x
x x x
x
x x x x
x x
! x x x
x x
x
x
+
+
+

+
+
( )
N
sin cos sin cos i
sin
x x x x
x
_
+

,
sin cos i (N)
N
sin cos i (2)
sin
x x
x x
x

PQ
X
x k

+
PG/ (L$- 4" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
(N sin / cos 2/)sin /
N X
cos /
N tan / 2
_
+ + +

,

+
(k 2iNi)
N&C- _`( " * bi to+n ny ta th6y c7 cha ( )
2
sin 4 sin cos
X 2
x x x

_
+ +

,
v 89'
c7 cha
sin cos
N tan
cos
x x
x
x
+
+ n$n ta .h:n t5ch 3 r;t gn t< v 89' cho =sinx > cosx?)
HY"
i0 6i3nQ cos i x >" tan/ j N
2
(N sin cos 2 )4 4(sin cos )
N
2
4cos 4cos
sin cos 2
x x x x
! x x
x x
+ + +

+
(N sin cos 2 )4(sin cos )
4cos cos
sin cos
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +

+
(N sin cos 2 ) N sin cos 2 i x x x x + + +
[,8c 2/ >" N/Q n1n sZ FGng CThHc
nhn 7i^
2
N
2sin sin N i sin N( ) sin
2
c
PQ 2 2 ( )
Y Y
x x x &oai hay x
@ x k hay x k k


+ +
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N N c
Xsin
W sin X
sin
2
x
x
x

_
+

_
,

,
(k 2iid)
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta th6y c7 cha
W
sin
2
x

_

,
v
c
sin
X
x
_

,
n$n ta s<
d-ng cng thc cAng 3 bi0n 1i)
HY"
W W W
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin cos
2 2 2
x x x x

_


,
2d
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
( )
c c c 2
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin 4 sin cos
X X X 2
x x x x x

_
+

,
i0 6i3nQ
sin i, cos i x x
*T trl th"nhQ
N N N
2 2(sin cos ) i (sin cos ) 2 2 i
sin cos sin 4cos
sin i
X R
PQ , ,
X d d N
sin 2
2
x x x x
x x x x
x
@ x k x k x k
x

_
+ + + + +

,

_
+

+ + +

PG/ (L$- ?" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q

( ) 2 cos sin
N
tan cot 2 cot N
x x
x x x

+
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta v,n d-ng c+c .h/. bi0n 1i 2 tr$n 3 r;t gn v0 .hiB
2 v0 tr+i c7 cha tanx > cotCx ta bi0n 1i trc)
HY"
Ta c8Q
( ) cos 2
sin 4sin 2 cos 4cos 2 N
tan cot 2
cos 4sin 2 cos 4sin 2 sin 2
x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x

+
+
i0 6i3nQ sin2/4(tan/ U cot2/) i >" cot/ N
( ) 2 cos sin
N 2
sin 2 24sin cos
N cos sin
2
sin 2 sin
x x
! x x x
x x
x x

T'm nghi3m >" 6Jt h)$ i0 6i3n ta %)cQ ( ) 2

X
x k k

+
PG/ (L$- A" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
cot sin N tan 4 tan X
2
x
x x x
_
+ +

,
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta 3 ( 2 v0 tr+i c7 cha
N tan 4 tan
2
x
x
_
+

,
ta bi0n 1i
trc)
HY"
Ta c8Q
cos
cos 4cos sin 4sin
N 2
2 2
N tan 4 tan
2 cos
cos 4cos cos 4cos
2 2
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x x
_

+
,
+
i0 6i3nQ sin/ j i, cos/ j i
2
cot tan X tan X4 tan N i tan 2 W ! x x x x x + + t 4
PQ
( )
arctan 2 W x k t +
PG/ (L$- D" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
(N 2sin /) cos /
W
(N 2sin /)(N sin /)

+
(k 2iie)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i 6 sA $ng cch gi<i PTB (3sinC D b3cosC E c
HY"
( )
2
cos sin 2 W4 N sin 24sin ! x x x x
2e
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
( ) cos sin 2 W4 cos 2 sin x x x x !a ch'y3n cng g7c D'a 8At v0 3
a v4
dEng aFsinx > bFcosx)
( ) cos sin 2 W4 cos 2 sin x x x x
W4sin cos sin 2 W4cos x x x x + + Chia hai v0 cGa ! cho C)
sin sin 2
Y W
x x

_ _
+ +

, ,
PQ
2 W
, 2
Nd W 2
x k x &

+ +
PG/ (L$- I" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W
sin / cos /sin 2/ W cosW/ 2(cos X/ sin /) + + + (5
2iie)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i 6 sA $ng cch gi<i PTB (3sinC D b3cosC E c * bi to+n ny
ta th6y c7 cha t5chH cosxFsinCx n$n ta bi0n 1i v4 t1ng v c7 sin
I
x n$n ta s< d-ng cng
thc nh:n ba 3 hE b,c I)
HY"
( )
N W N
sin sinW sin WcosW 2(cos X sin sinW )
2 X X
N W W N
sinW sin WcosW 2cos X sin sinW
2 2 2 2
! x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
+ + + +
+ + +
sinW W cosW 2cos X x x x + !a ch'y3n cng g7c D'a 8At v0 3 a v4
dEng aFsinx > bFcosx)
N W
sinW/ cosW/ cos X/
2 2
+
Chia hai v0 cGa ! cho C)
cos W/ cos X/
Y
_


,
PQ
2
/ 6 , / 62
X2 c Y

+ +
PG/ (L$- J" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2
24sin 2 sin c N sin x x x + (5 2iic)
N&C- _`(" ?"nh :hFng# Ghc gc !( !hng sA $ng c*ng !h+c hH b9c
HY"
N cos X
24 sin c N sin
2
x
! x x

+
sin c sin cos X i x x x
!1ng ta thJng bi0n 1i v4 t5ch 3 Kt nh:n t<
ch'ng)
2cos X 4sinW/ cos X i x x
cos X i
cos X (2sinW/ N) i
sinW sin
Y
x
x
x

2 R 2
Q , ,
d X Nd W Y W
L" x k x k x k

+ + +
PG/ (L$- N" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2 2
cos W/ cos2/ cos / i (k 2iiR)
N&C- _`(" ?"nh :hFng# Ghc gc !( !hng sA $ng c*ng !h+c hH b9c
HY ./2/"
2 2
cos W/4cos2/ cos / i
( ) NUcosY/ cos 2
NUcos2/
i
2 2
x

cosY/4cos 2 N x !5ch ta thJng bi0n 1i v4 t1ng)
( )
N
cosd cos X N
2
x x + #7c Mx v NxH n$n s< d-ng cng thc nh:n i)
Wi
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
2
24cos X cos X W i4 PQ 4
2
x x @ x k

+
PG/ (L$- #a" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
sin 2/ cos2/ Wsin/ cos / N i +
(h 2iNi)
N&C- _`(" >c IC 6 JCB nKn sA $ng c*ng !h+c nh0n *i 5 bi@n i
HY"
2sin 4cos cos 2 Wsin cos N i ! x x x x x +
* :y ta nh78 CFsinxFcosx vi
cosx do
khi nh78 vi IFsinx ta khng gii ti0.
c)
( )
2
cos 4 2sin N 2sin Wsin 2 i x x x x + +

( ) ( ) ( ) cos 4 2sin N 2sin N 4 sin 2 i x x x x + +
( ) ( ) 2sin N cos sin 2 i x x x + +
( )
( )
2sin N i N
R
PQ 2 , 2
Y Y cos sin 2 i 2 ,
x
@ x k x k
x x !OP



+ +

+ +

PG/ (L$- ##" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q

2
R4sin 2 W4(N sin )4 tan x x x (5 2iic)
N&C- _`(" .( 67 cng L,! hL s 1/ng gic * bi to+n ny ta nh,n th6y
cng g7c) n$n s< d-ng c+c h thc &ng gi+c cQ bn v a ! v4 cng 8At h8 s
sinx)
HY"
2 2 2
Rsin/(N sin /) 2(N sin /) = W(N sin/)4sin / !
W 2
2sin /Usin / Rsin/U2=i
2
( N)(2 W 2) i t t t + (t = sin/)
N
N, , 2
2
t t t
PQ 2 , 2
2 Y
@ x k x k

+ +
PG/ (L$- #4" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q cosW/ cos2/ cos/ N i + (h 2iiY)
N&C- _`(" .( 67 cng L,! hL s 1/ng gic * bi to+n ny ta nh,n th6y
cosIx v cosCx ta 4' ch'y3n c v4 cosx n$n s< d-ng cng thc nh:n ba v cng thc
nh:n i 3 a ! v4 cng 8At h8 s sinx)
HY"
W 2
cosW/ cos2/ cos/ N i
X4cos W4cos 2cos N cos N i x x x x
+
+
W 2
2cos / cos / 2cos/ N i +

2
(2cos N)(cos / N) i x +
N
cos , sin i
2

x x
2
PQ 2 ,
W
@ x k x k

t +
PG/ (L$- #<" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W
sin 4sin 2 sinW Ycos x x x x +
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i ( 67 PT $HngB
< 4 4 <
9.b/- _ c1.%Lb _.b/-_ c%.%Lb_.b/- _ cd.b/-_ cK.%Lb_ ce.%Lb _ M a
HY"
2 W W
24sin 4cos Wsin Xsin Y4cos i ! x x x x x +
fhi cos/ = i
2
sin N x (6h7ng thma $h%&ng tr'nh)4
fhi cos/ j iQ
Chia 2 >J cho cos
W
/, St t = tan/ ta %)cQ
( ) ( )
W 2 2
2 W Y i 2 4 W i t t t t t +
WN
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
PG/ (L$- #?" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W W 2 2
sin W cos sin 4cos W4sin 4cos x x x x x x (5
2iid)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i ( 67 PT $HngB
< 4 4 <
9.b/- _ c1.%Lb _.b/-_ c%.%Lb_.b/- _ cd.b/-_ cK.%Lb_ ce.%Lb _ M a
HY"
fhi cos/ = i
2
sin N x (6h7ng thma $h%&ng tr'nh)4
fhi cos/ j iQ
Chia 2 >J cho cos
W
/, St t = tan/ ta %)cQ
W 2
t W W i t t +
2
( W)( N) i t t +
W, N t t t PQ ,
W X
@ x k x k

+ t +
PG/ (L$- #A" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
cos cos cos
W Y X
x x x

_ _ _
+ + + +

, , ,
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2 X
x x
x

_ _
+ + +

_
, ,
+

,
n1n ta $ FGng
c7ng thHc !iJn Ki tKng th"nh tIch ; !iJn Ki *T
HY"
24cos 4cos cos cos i
X N2 X X
! x x x

_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
PQ
2
x k

+
PG/ (L$- #D" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
X X
2
sin cos
cos X
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X X
x x
x
x x

+

_ _
+

, ,
N&C- _`(" [n !"i n" ta nh@n /At g8c
X
x

+ >"
X
x

$hG nha0, tZ ta sZ FGng cc

$hA$ !iJn Ki th%.ng gS$
HY"
i0 6i3nQ
Ta c8Q
X X 2
x x

_ _
+ +

, ,
n1n
tan cot
X X
x x

_ _
+

, ,
fhi 8Q
2 2
W N
4cos X cos X Xcos X cos X W i
X X
! x x x x +

cos X N
W
cos X
X
x
x

CC PTLG TRONG CC THI ]I HfC Tg 4aa4 N NAY"
I. P/E- :F/ :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& 1C% 4n 1C% < :o/ i3/ p>( &b*."
N4 (fk2ii2) T'm cc nghi3m th0-c 6ho#ng (iO 2) cCa $h%&ng tr'nhQ
cosW/ U sinW/
R(sin/ U ) os2/ U W
NUsin2/
c P
R
O
W W

24 (hT !o2ii2)
X X
sin cos N N
cot 2
Rsin 2 2 dsin 2
x x
g x
x x
+
PQ
Y
x k

t +
W2
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
W4 (hT !o2ii2)tg/ U cos/ - cos
2
/ = sin/(N U tg/tg
2
x
) PQ 2 x k
X4 (f52iiW) ) cotg/ - tg/ U Xsin2/ =
2
sin 2x
P / =
W
k

t +
R4 (hT !o2iiW)
2cosX/
cot/ = tan/ U
sin2/
P
W
x k

t +
Y4 (f52iiX) Rsin/

2 = W(N

sin/)tan
2
/4 P
R
2 O 2
Y Y
x k k

+ +
c4 (fk2iiR) cos
2
W/cos2/ - cos
2
/ = i P
2
x k

d4 (fh2iiR) sin
X
/ U cos
X
/ U cos(/-
X

)sin(W/-
X

) -
W
2
= i P
X
x k

+
e4 (fk2iiY)
( )
Y Y
2 os sin sin/cos/
i
2 2sin/
c x x +

P
R
2
X
x k

+
Ni4 (f52iiY)
/
cot/ U sin/(N U tan/tan ) X
2
P
R
O
N2 N2
x k k

+ +
NN4 (fh2iiY ) CosW/ U cos2/

cos/

N = i P
2
2 O
W
x k k

t +
N24 (fk2iNi)
(N sin / cos 2/)sin /
N X
cos /
N tan / 2

_
+ + +

,

+
II. P/E- :F/ :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& 1C% -&q( :o/ i3/
) ( cos ), ( sin x ' x '
N4fk2iie
(N 2sin /) cos /
W
(N 2sin /)(N sin /)

+
PQ
2
Nd W
+ x k

24f5 2iie
W
sin / cos /sin 2/ WcosW/ 2(cos X/ sin /) + + + PQ/=
c
2
X2
O 2
Y

k k + +
W4fh2iie WcosR/ 2sinW/cos 2/ sin / i PQ / 6
Nd W

O
/ 6
Y 2


X4(f52iid)
W W 2 2
sin W os sin/cos Wsin os/ x c x x xc P
O O
X X W
x k x k k

+ + +
R4(fh)
2
/
sin os W os/ = 2
2 2
x
c c
_
+ +

,
WW
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
Y4 (hT !o2iiR) T'm nghi3m tr1n 6ho#ng ( ) iO
cCa $t
2 2
W
Xsin W os2/ = N U 2cos / -
2 X
x
c
_

,
P
R Nc R
O O
Nd Nd Y

c4 (hT !o2ii2) Cho $t
2sin/ U cos/ U N
sin/ - 2cos/ U W
a (p)
a4 ,i#i $t (p) 6hi a =
N
W
!4 T'm a ; $t (p) c8 nghi3m4 P
N
O 2
X 2
x k a

+
III. P/E- :F/n -&6pn :;( -&@- (r %&5-. :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& (H%&"
N4 (f52ii2) sin
2
W/ - cos
2
X/ = sin
2
R/ - cos
2
Y/ P O
e 2
k k
x x


24(fk2iiW) cotg/ - N =
2
N
cos x
tgx +
U sin
2
/ -
N
2
sin2/ P
X
x k

+
WQ (fh2iiW)
2 2 2
sin tan os i
2 X 2
x x
x c
_


,
P
2 O
X
x k k

+ +
X4(hT !o2iiW) W - tg/(tg/ U 2sin/) U Ycos/ = i P
W
x k

t +
R4(hT !o2iiW) cos2/ U cos/(2tg
2
/ - N) = 2 P
2 O 2
W
x k k

+ t +
Y4( fh2iiX) (2cos/

N)(2sin/ U cos/) = sin2/

sin/ P
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
c4 (f52iiR) N U sin/ U cos/ U sin2/ U cos2/ = i P
2
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
d4(fk2iic) (N U sin
2
/)cos/ U (N U cos
2
/)sin/ = N U sin2/ P
O 2 O 2
X 2
x k x k k

+ +
e4 (f52iic) 2sin
2
2/ U sinc/

N = sin/
Ni4(fk2iid)
N N c
Xsin( )
W
sin/ X
sin( )
2
x
x

P
R
O O
X d d
x k x k k

+ + +
NN4(f52iid)
W W 2 2
sin W os sin/cos Wsin os/ x c x x xc P
O O
X X W
x k x k k

+ + +
WX
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
N24 (fh2iid) 2sin/(N U cos2/) U sin2/ = N U 2cos/ P
2
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
NW4 f52iNi (sin 2/ U cos 2/) cos/ U 2cos2/ sin / = i / =
X 2
k

+ (6 q)
NX4 fh2iNi sin 2 cos 2 Wsin cos N i x x x x + P

2
Y
k x +

2
Y
R
k x +
NR4 fk2iNN
2
N sin 2 cos 2
2 sin sin 2
N cot
x x
x x
x
+ +

+
PQ

k x +
2
,

2
X
k x +
NY4 f52iNN sin 2 cos sin cos cos 2 sin cos x x x x x x x + + + PQ

2
2
k x +
W
2
W
k
x +
Nc4 fh2iNN
sin2/ 2cos / sin / N
i
tan / W
+

+
PQ

2
W
k x +
Tr1n (" m-t s7 $h%&ng $h$, m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki >" m-t s= 6L nng th%.ng sZ FGng
trong >i3c gi#i *T+,, 6h7ng c8 6L nng ha $h%&ng $h$ n"o (" t0Jt =i4 r0=n gi#i t=t
cc !"i t@$ F<ng n" h:c sinh $h#i nsm >tng 6iJn thHc (%)ng gic >" gi#i nhi0 !"i t@$ ;
tT rEt ra 6inh nghi3m ri1ng cho !#n thn m'nh4
WR
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
CHUYN HNH HfC KHNG GIAN
TRONG K THI TUYN SINH ]I HfC
A. PQI TON TsNH TH TsCH KHUI A YItN"
I. C0 bu *v (&5wE( %x- -yp"
U Th; tIch 6h=i ch8$Q g =
h R4
W
N
(PQ Fi3n tIch , hQ chi0 cao)
U Th; tIch 6h=i h-$Q g = a4!4c (a,!,cQ - F"i !a c<nh)
U Th; tIch 6h=i (ng trGQ g = P4h (PQ Fi3n tIch , hQ chi0 cao)
II. C$% dB-. (L$- ij (H-& (&h (H%&"
=oHi JB T4nh !h5 !4ch b-ng cch sA $ng !rMc !i@: cc c*ng !h+c !on3
U uc onh chi0 cao cCa 6h=i a Fi3n cn tInh th; tIch (FTa >"o cc onh (I B0an h3 >07ng
g8c v !iJtQ onh (I W %.ng >07ng g8c, onh (I 6 %.ng th]ng >07ng g8c mSt $h]ng V)
U T'm Fi3n tIch !wng cc c7ng thHc B0bn !iJt4
zH d{"
Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t<i k >" h, c8 k5=kh=2aO
Ch=a4 g8c gita 2 mSt $h]ng (PC5) >" (k5Ch) !wng
i
Yi
4 ,:i x (" tr0ng i;m kh !iJt 2
mSt $h]ng (P5x) >" (PCx) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i (k5Ch)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ Pk5Chy
G/2/"
g' 2 mSt $h]ng (P5x) >" (PCx) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i (k5Ch) m" (P5x) >" (PCx) c8 giao
t0Jn (" Px (" %.ng cao4 fz xH >07ng g8c >?i 5C ta c8 g8c t<o !li mSt $h]ng (P5C) >"
(k5Ch) ("

i
PHx Yi =
4 T{ 8 ta tInh %)cQ
xC a 2O x5 5C a R = = =
2
k5Ch
N
P kh(k5 Ch) Wa
2
= + = n1n
x5C
2P W W
xH a
5C R
= = 4 T{ 8
W
Pk5Ch
W NR
g a
R
=
Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H k-2iieO H 5-2iieO H h-2iieO H k-2iicO H 5-2iiY
=oHi IB T4nh !h5 !4ch b-ng cch sA $ng c*ng !h+c !N s !h5 !4ch hoOc :h0n chi( Ghi (
$iPn !hnh cc Ghi ( $iPn Fn gi<n hFn3
U *hn chia 6h=i a Fi3n th"nh tKng hoSc hi30 cc 6h=i c& !#n ( h'nh ch8$ hoSc h'nh (ng
trG) m" cc 6h=i n" F| tInh h&n4
U HoSc so snh th; tIch 6h=i cn tInh >?i m-t 6h=i a Fi3n 6hc v !iJt tr%?c th; tIch4
g?i (o<i n" ta ha sZ FGng 6Jt B0# sa0 Q
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5C4 (2 k}, 5}, C} t%&ng Hng tr1n c<nh sa0 Pk, P5, PC4 fhi 8Q

RC
RC
RS
RS
RT
RT
O
O
TSC R
C S T R
}
4
}
4
}
} } } 4

>
zH d{ $k d{-."
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 (" h'nh thoi c<nh a,

i
5kh Yi =
, Pk >07ng g8c >?i
(k5Ch), Pk=a4 ,:i C} (" tr0ng i;m PC, mSt $h]ng (*) i B0a kC song song >?i 5h cst
cc c<nh P5, PC cCa h'nh ch8$ t<i 5}, h} 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P4k5}C}h}4
HQng $Rn gi<iB
WY
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
,:i ~ (" giao 2 %.ng chAo ta s0 ra kC} >" P~ cst nha0 t<i tr:ng tm x cCa tam gic PkC4
T{ x th0-c mSt $h]ng (Ph5) 6z %.ng th]ng song song >?i 5h cst Ph t<i 5}, C} (" 2 giao
i;m cn t'm4
Ta c8Q
W
2 } }
O
2
N }

RS
RS
RU
RU
RC
RC
h| th2
g
P4k5}C}h}
= 2g
P4k5}C}
O g
P4k5Ch
= 2g
P4k5C

W
N }
4
}
4
4
} } 4
4
} } } 4

RC
RC
RS
RS
RT
RT
O
O
O
O
TSC R
C TS R
TSCU R
U C TS R
Ta c8

W
Pk5Ch k5Ch
N N N W W
g Pk4P Pk4kh4k54sin hk5 a4a4a4 a 4
W W W 2 Y
= = = =
W
} } } 4
Nd
W
a O
U C TS R

?i !on !Fng !MB
Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh cht nh@t k5=a, kh=2a, c<nh Pk >07ng g8c
>?i , c<nh P5 h)$ >?i m-t g8c
i
Yi
4 Tr1n c<nh Pk (2 r sao cho
a W
kr
W
= 4
rSt $h]ng 5Cr cst hP t<i _4 tInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P5Cr_4
Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H k-2iiXO H h-2iiYO H k-2iiW
=oHi SB T4nh !h5 !4ch Ghi ( $iPn b-ng :h: !4nh !8( , !rong Gh*ng gi(n3
zH d{" Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh cht nh@t k5=a,
kh a 2 =
, Pk =a
>" Pk >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5Ch)4 ,:i r >" _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa kh >"
PC, x (" giao i;m cCa 5r >" kC4 T'm th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n k_x54
G/2/" hTng h3 trGc t:a - k/ >?i g=c k
Wc
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
Trong h3 trGc t:a - n", ta c8
k(iOiOi)O h(a 2OiOi)
5(iOaOi)OC(a 2OaOi)OP(iOiOa)
fhi 8 ta c8
VS WV VS WV
2
N
2
N

,:i
i i i
x (/ O O ) =
4 h| th2
i
=i >"

'

) (
2
N
i
) i (
2
N
2
2
i i
i i
y a y
x
a
x

i i i
a W a
/ O O i
2 W
= = = _h% >@
a W a
x ( O Oi)
2 W
=
Ta c8Q

,
_

,
_

,
_

2
O
Y
O
Y
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
W a a a
PV
a a a
PS
a a a
PT
T{ 8Q
[ ]

,
_

2
2
O i O
2
,
2 2
a a
PS PT
g' >@Q [ ]
WY
2
4 ,
Y
N
W
a
PV PS PT O
TPVS

Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H k-2iiWO H k-2iiXO H 5-2iiYO H h-2iie
Cc $Hng !on GhcB
_go"i cc F<ng th%.ng gS$ n10 tr1n, c`n c8 F<ng ton PZ FGng $h%&ng $h$ th;
tIch ; t'm 6ho#ng cch
Cc !"i ton > th; tIch 6h=i a Fi3n c8 6Jt h)$ >?i >i3c t'm ,T+_, __
Cc !"i ton > so snh th; tIch4
zH d{"
Cho h'nh ch8$ 0 P4k5C c8 c<nh !wng a, %.ng cao h'nh ch8$ !wng a W 4
rSt $h]ng (*) B0a c<nh 5C >" >07ng g8c >?i c<nh
!1n Pk chia 6h=i ch8$ P4k5C th"nh hai $hn4 TInh t9 s=
th; tIch cCa hai $hn 84
H+3-. d|- ./2/"
g' P4k5C (" h'nh ch8$ 0 n1n chn %.ng cao H cCa
cCa h'nh ch8$ (" tm tam gic 0 k5C4 Ta c8 kH cst 5C
t<i tr0ng i;m r cCa 5C >" 5CPk4 H< 5_ >07ng g8c
>?i Pk s0 ra Pk (5C_), s0 ra tam gic 5C_ (" thiJt
Fi3n m" m$(*) cst h'nh ch8$ P4k5C4
Wd
P
_
k
5
C
r H
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
g' thiJt Fi3n chia 6h=i ch8$ P4k5C th"nh hai 6h=i tH Fi3n c8 ch0ng (5C_) n1n t9 s=
th; tIch !wng t9 s= hai %.ng cao k_P_4
g' RTX WTP n1nQ
2i
W
W
Ni
2
W
4
W
W
4 4
2
2 2 2

+

a
a a
TX RX
TW TX
RT
TW TX
RT
TP
g@ t9 s= th; tIch ("Q
Nc
W

RPSC
TPSC
O
O
hoSc
W
Nc

TPSC
RPSC
O
O
III. S>( bo 1G/ (Ck %}-. dB-."
C@5 #. Cho 6h=i ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 mSt !1n Pkh >07ng g8c (k5Ch), g8c t<o !li PC >"
(k5Ch) (" Yi
i
, g8c t<o !li (PCh) >" (k5Ch) (" XRi, (" h'nh thang cn c8 2 c<nh
(" a, 2aO c<nh !1n !wng a4 ,:i *, (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa Ph,5C4T'm g8c t<o !li * >"
mSt $h]ng (k5Ch)4TInh g 6h=i ch8$y
HhQ fz PH >07ng g8c >?i kh th' PH (" %.ng cao(PC,(k5Ch))= RCXO
(RW, TSCU)) = XWR) , >?i r (" chn %.ng cao 6z t{ H (1n Ch4 T{ * h< *f >07ng g8c
>?i kh ta c8 (Y, (TSCU)) = YL
C@5 4. Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh thoi c<nh a, STU = Yii , Pk >07ng
g8c >?i (k5Ch), Pk=a4 ,:i C (" tr0ng i;m PC, mSt $h]ng (*) i B0a kC song song
>?i 5h cst cc c<nh P5, Ph cCa h'nh ch8$ t<i 5, h4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$
PQ g =
W
Nd
W
a
C@5 <. fh=i ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a4 Pk(k5Ch)O Pk=2a4 ,:i ,
(" h'nh chiJ0 cCa k tr1n P5 >" Ph4 x (" giao i;m cCa PC >" (k)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$
Pkx4
PQ g =
XR
NY
W
a
C@5 ?. Cho (ng trG Hng k5CkN5NCN (" tam gic 04 rSt $h]ng (kN5C) t<o >?i
N g8c Wii >" tam gic kN5C c8 Fi3n tIch !wng d4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG4
PQ g = d W
C@5 A. fh=i (ng trG k5CkN5NCN c8 (" tam gic >07ng cn, c<nh h0n k5= 2 4
rSt $h]ng (kkN5) >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5C), kkN= W O g8c kNk5 nh:n, g8c
t<o !li (kNkC) >" mSt $h]ng (k5C) !wng Yi
i
4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG4
PQ g =
Ni
R W
C@5 D~ fh=i (ng trG tH gic 0 k5Ch4kN5NCNhN c8 6ho#ng cch gita 2 %.ng th]ng
k5 >" kNh !wng 2, - F"i %.ng chAo mSt !1n !wng R4
a) H< kH kNh (f th0-c kNh)4 ChHng minh rwng kf=24
!) TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG k5ChkN5NCNhN4
PQ !) g = 2i R
C@5 I. Cho h'nh ch8$ tam gic Pk5C c8 k5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh a, Pk=2a >" Pk
>07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5C)4 ,:i r >" _ (n (%)t (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa k tr1n
cc %.ng th]ng P5 >" PC
a) TInh 6ho#ng cch t { k Jn mSt $h]ng (P5C)
!) TInh th; tIch cCa 6h=i ch8$ k5Cr_4
PQ a) F =
Ne
Rc 2 a
O !) g =
Ri
W W
W
a
P. PQI TON z KHUI NNn KHUI TR^"
I. K/E- (&)% %0 12-"
We
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
#. S;( -6-n &m-& -6- iG &o/ -6-"
c Th; tIchQ g =
h Z
2
W
N

U hi3n tIch /0ng B0anhQ P

/B
= Z&
U hi3n tIch to"n $hnQP
t$
=
2
Z Z& +
Q !n 6Inh , hQ chi0 cao, (Q %.ng sinh
4. S;( (l{n &m-& (l{ iG &o/ (l{"
U Th; tIchQ g = h Z
2

U hi3n tIch /0ng B0anhQ P

/B
= Zh 2
U hi3n tIch to"n $hnQP
t$
=
2
2 Z Zh +
Q 5n 6Inh , hQ chi0 cao
<. C& v"
U Cst mSt n8n !li m-t mSt $h]ng i B0a 9nh ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t tam gic cn4
U Cst mSt n8n !li m-t mSt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh tr`n4
U Cst mSt trG !li m-t mSt $h]ng song song hoSc chHa trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh
cht nh@t4
U Cst mSt trG !li m-t mSt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh tr`n4
II. PG/ (Ck iC- d{-."
PG/ #. Cho h'nh (ng trG (Gc gic 0 k5Ch4k}5}C}h}}} c<nh !wng a, chi0 cao
!wng h4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i trG n-i tiJ$ h'nh (ng trG4
PQ g =
h a
2
X
W

PG/ 4. Cho h'nh trGc c8 trGc ~

N
~
2
4 r-t mSt $h]ng song song >?i trGc cst h'nh trG thbo thiJt
Fi3n F3n (" h'nh cht nh@t k5Ch4 ,:i ~ (" tm cCa thiJt Fi3n 8, !n 6Inh %.ng tr`n
ngo<i tiJ$ h'nh cht nh@t k5Ch !wng !n 6Inh %.ng tr`n cCa h'nh trG4 TInh s= o g8c
~
N
~~
2
4
PQ
i
2 N
ei

[[ [
PG/ <. Cho h'nh trG c8 chi0 cao >" !n 6Inh 0 !wng a r, _ (" hai i;m (2 tr1n hai
%.ng tr`n sao cho r_ t<o >?i trGc cCa h'nh trG m-t g8c

4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t{

trGc cCa h'nh trGc Jn %.ng th]ng r_4
PQ a) F =

2
tan X
2

a
O
PG/ ?. r-t h'nh trG c8 !n 6Inh >" chi0 cao W Z 4 k >" 5 (" hai i;m tr1n hai %.ng
tr`n sao cho g8c t<o !li k5 >" trGc cCa h'nh trG !wng Wi
i
4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n B0a k >" song song >?i trGc cCa h'nh trG4
!) TInh g8c gita hai !n 6Inh B0a k >" 54
c) hTng >" tInh - F"i o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa k5 >" trGc cCa h'nh trG4
PQa) P = W
2
Z , !)
i
Yi
c) hTng %.ng th]ng B0a H >" song song ~~} cst k5 t<i x
- hTng x~H ( th0-c ~~}), x chInh (" o<n th]ng >07ng g8c ch0ng $h#i FTng, x =
2
W Z
PG/ A. Cho m-t h'nh trG tr`n /oa (" %.ng tr`n (~) >" (~}) c8 !n 6Inh !wng W &n >o,
chi0 cao cCa h'nh trG (" X &n >o4 ,:i k5 (" m-t %.ng 6Inh c= onh cCa (~)4 r (" m-t
i;m (%0 -ng tr1n (~})4 ,:i rC (" %.ng sinh B0a C, C l tr1n %.ng tr`n (~)4 fz HC
>07ng g8c >?i k5 >" St kH = /4
a) ChHng minh rwng tKng s= !'nh $h%&ng cc c<nh cCa h'nh ch8$ rk5C (" m-t hwng s=4
!) TInh rH thbo /4
c) onh >o trI cCa r ; Fi3n tIch P cCa tam gic rk5 <t cTc <i4
F) TInh th; tIch g cCa h'nh ch8$ rk5C4 ChHng minh rwng g cTc <i 6hi P cTc <i4
Xi
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
b) onh / ; g = X6 (6 (" s= cho tr%?c)
PQa) N4 T = NRYO 24 rH = ( ) Y i , NY Y
2
+ + x x x O W4 P = WrH, P <t cTc <i 6hi /
= W, H tr\ng >?i ~, r (" i;m m" %.ng sinh rC i B0a i;m chInh gita C cCa c0ng k54
(F\ng $h%&ng $h$ tho)O X4 g =
) Y ( X x x
, g cTc <i 6hi / = W, 6hi 8 P cTc <i4
!) ( ) W i , e W , e W
2 2
< + k k x k x
PG/ D. r-t h'nh n8n c8 %.ng sinh ( >" g8c gita %.ng sinh >" ("

4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch /0ng B0anh >" th; tIch 6h=i n8n4
!) ,:i x (" i;m tr1n %.ng cao P~ cCa h'nh n8n sao cho
( ) N i , < < k k
R[
RV
4 TInh Fi3n
tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n B0a x >" >07ng g8c >?i trGc4
PQ a) P
/B
= cos
2
& O!) P
thiJt Fi3n
=
2 2 2
cos & k
PG/ I. Cho h'nh n8n c8 %.ng cao P~ = h >" !n 6Inh !wng 4 ,:i r (" i;m tr1n
o<n P~, St r~ = / (i / h)4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n (T) >07ng g8c >?i trGc t<i r4
!) TInh th; tIch g cCa h'nh n8n 9nh ~ >" (T)4 uc onh / sao cho g <t gi tro (?n
nh2t4
PQ a) P
(T)
=
2
2
2
) ( x h
h
Z
O !) g = x x h
h
Z
2
2
2
) (
W
N
, g <t ,T+_ 6hi / =
W
h
(h\ng 5T c7si cho W s=)
C. PQI TON z KHOONG CCH"
I. C$% dB-. (L$- ij &L2-. %$%&"
#.K&L2-. %$%& ( # :/hp S :E- # p;( k&-.
( )
"
cP+3%#" Chon m$(

) chHa ( B0a ) r >" i5=-. .6% >?i

( )
cP+3%4" T'm giao t0Jn F cCa m$
( )
>" m$(

)
cP+3%<" hTng rH F t<i H

rH
( )
rH =
( ) ) ( , W d
X\nh v] 8inh haH
d
H
S
44 K&L2-. %$%& ./r9 :+-. (&-. iG p;( k&-. bL-. bL-. i3/ :+-. (&-. :6"
?-ng Gho<ng cch !) L,! i5L b%! GT !rKn ng !hUng @n LO! :hUng

<4 K&L2-. %$%& ./9 &9/ p;( k&-. bL-. bL-."
?-ng Gho<ng cch !) L,! i5L b%! GT !rong LO! :hUng n' @n LO! :hUng Gi( VhoOc
ng/c 1HiW
XN
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh

?. K&L2-. %$%& ./9 &9/ :+-. (&-. %&`L -&95"
pP&+0-. k&$k #Q _1n F\ng trong tr%.ng h)$ 2 %.ng th]ng %&`L -&95 >" i5=-. .6%
>?i nha04
hTng o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng

1
9
H
O
[X b a d ) O (
pP&+0-. k&$k 4" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0Q
U5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
chHa ! >" m$
( )
a
U5%?c2Q
WX W d a d b a d )) ( , ( )) ( , ( ) , (


H
S
1
9
pP&+0-. k&$k <" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0
U5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
chHa a >" m$
( )
chHa ! m" m$
( )
m$
( )
U5%?c2Q
WP W d d b a d )) ( , ( )) ( ), (( ) , (

N
S
1
9
pP&+0-. k&$k ?" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0
U5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
i5=-. .6% a >" cst a t<i ~
U5%?c2Q T'm h'nh chiJ0 ! cCa ! (1n m$
( )
O r r"ng am$(!,!)
P0 raQ
[X b b 8. [ d b b 8. a d b a d )) } , ( , ( )) } , ( , ( ) , (
pN6/ (&7pQ r_ (" o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa a >" !
X2
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh

N
S
H
O 1
1
9
=& ; c2n !hi@!Q
N4 ; tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ r Jn m$
( )
ta c8 th; ("m nh% sa0Q
U T'm m-t %.ng th]ng a B0a r m" a m$
( )
U Ch:n m-t i;m _ tr1n a (thIch h)$ >?i gi# thiJt !"i ton) , tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ _ Jn
m$
( )
U fhi 8O
)) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) ( , ( a d P d W d

24 ; tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ r Jn m$
( )
ta c8 th; ("m nh% sa0Q
U T'm m-t %.ng th]ng a B0a r m" a cst m$
( )
t<i x
U Ch:n m-t i;m ~ tr1n a (thIch h)$ >?i gi# thiJt !"i ton) , tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn
m$
( )
U fhi 8, tInh t9 s=Q
V[
k
VW
, s0 ra %)c Q
}
}
[[
k
WW

}
N
} ~~ WW
k

)) ( , ( 4
N
)) ( , ( [ d
k
8 d

S
O
I
S
O
II. PQI TRP"
PQI #" Cho h'nh ch8$ J0 Pk5C c8 c<nh !wng a >" c<nh !1n !wng a
2
, %.ng cao
(" P~4 ,:i r >" _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa k5 >" 5C
aChHng minh rwng (P5C) (Pk_) >" tInh - F"i P~
! TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn (P5C)
cTInh 6ho#ng cch giZa 2 %.ng th]ng k5 >" PC
FTInh 6ho#ng cch t{ r Jn (Pk_)
bTInh 6ho#ng cch gita 2 %.ng th]ng rC >" Pk
XW
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
_
P

K
I
H
O
N
S

C
P
A
S
GI
aCh:n %.ng 5C chHng minh >07ng g8c >?i (Pk_) s0 ra (P5C) >07ng g8c >?i (Pk_)
pTInh P~ Q uAt tam gic >07ng P~C t<i ~ >" (%0 MQ tam gic k5C 0 n1n ta c8
W 2 W
O
2 W W W
a
WC a [C WC a
!Ta chia ("m W !%?c cho F| hi;0Q
U Ch:n m$(Pk_) chHa ~ , ta c8Q(P5C) (Pk_) (chHng minh tr1n)
UTa c8Q(P5C)

(Pk_) =P_
U hTng ~H >07ng g8c >?i P_ t<i H

~H (P5C)

~H (" 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn

(P5C)
uAt tam gic >07ng P~_ t<i ~4 c8 ~H (" %.ng cao
2 2 2
N N N
~P [X [P
+ V44
cChHng minh %)c k5 PC ,FTng rf >07ng g8c >?i PC t<i f, s0 ra rf (" o<n >07ng
g8c ch0ng
U uAt tam gic PrC c8 2 %.ng caoQ P~ >" rf , s0 raQrf4PC=P~4rC

rf = y
F U Ch:n m$(k5C) chHa r, ta c8Q (k5C) (Pk_) ( >' P~ (k5C)
U(k5C)

(Pk_) =k_
UhTngQ rx k_ t<i x (rx 5C), s0 raQrx (Pk_) VV44( _h?Q rx=
2 X
SP a
)
b p hTng k/rC (6hi 8Qk/ nwm trong (k5C) >" k/ k5,gi# sZ k/ cst 5C t<i )
P0 raQ rC (Pk)
)) ( , ( )) ( , ( ) , ( RT^ [ d RT^ WC d RT WC d
(i;m ~ r2t B0an
tr:ng)
phTng ~ k t<i , F| F"ng chHng minh %)c (P~) (Pk) ( >' k P~O k
~)
UCh:n (P~) ch%a ~ >" >07ng g8c >?i (Pk)
U(P~)

(Pk) = P
UhTng ~* >07ng g8c >?i P t<i * , s0 ra Q~* (Pk)

~* (" 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn

(Pk)
- TInh ~*y uAt tam gic >07ng P~ t<i ~ c8 ~* (" %.ng cao
2 2 2
N N N
~P [ [_
+
PQI4" Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5C c8 k5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh aO Pk >07ng g8c >?i
(k5C)
>" Pk =
W
2
a
4,:i r (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5C
XX
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
a ChHng minh rwng (P5C) >07ng g8c >?i (Pkr) >" tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ k Jn (P5C)
!TInh 6ho#ng cch gita kC >" Pr
PG/<QCho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch O k5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t<i k >" 5,c8Q
k5=5C=aOkh = 2aO Pk= a 4 (" tr0ng i;m cCa (?n khO Pk >07ng g8c >?i mSt
aChHng minh 5 PC >" (Pk5) (P5C)
!TInh 6ho#ng cch gita 2 %.ng th]ng Q PC iG SY , AC i3/ SY
cTInh 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn (PCh) 4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ h Jn (PC)
H
O

K
_
P
Y
C P
S
A
G,/ vQ
Uk chInh (" 6ho#ng cch gita kC >" Ph
Uh* chInh (" 6ho#ng cch t{ h Jn (PC)O ~H chInh (" 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn (PC)
PG/?QCho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch O k5Ch (" h'nh thoi c<nh a tm ~4 rSt $h]ng (Pk5)
>07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5Ch)4 Tam gic Pk5 cn t<i P, H (" tr0ng i;m cCa k5 >"
PH=a, g8c 5kh = Yi
i
4
aTInh g8c gita hai mSt $h]ng (PCh) >" (k5Ch)4
!TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ H Jn (PCh),tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn (PCh),
cTInh 6ho#ng cch gita 2 %.ng th]ng PC iG SY .
FTInh gita %.ng th]ng P~ >" (Pk5)4
Y. PQI TON z GC TRONG KHNG GIAN"
I. Lv (&5wE( %0 12-"
J3 >c giX( h(i ng !hUng cho nh(& !rong Gh*ng gi(nB
,8c gita hai %.ng th]ng chAo nha0 a >" ! (" g8c ) ei i (
i i
t<o !li hai
%.ng th]ng cst nha0 (n (%)t c\ng $h%&ng >?i a >" !4
I3 >c giX( ng !hUng 6 LO! :hUngB
r0=n /c onh g8c gita %.ng th]ng a >" mSt $h]ng (*) ta ("m nh% sa0Q
U T'm giao i;m x cCa a >" (*)4
U Ch:n i;m k th0-c a >" FTng kH >07ng g8c >?i (*) t<i H4
U ,8c gita a >" (*) chInh (" g8c

TVX
_go"i ra, g8c gita %.ng th]ng a >" m$(*) cng chInh (" g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng
a} >" !} trong 8 a} c\ng $h%&ng >?i a, !} c\ng $h%&ng >?i h'nh chiJ0 cCa a (1n m$(*)
S3 >c giX( h(i LO! :hUngB
U ,8c gita hai mSt $h]ng %)c /c onh !wng s= o g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng nwm trong
hai mSt $h]ng >" >07ng g8c >?i giao t0Jn hoSc g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng (n (%)t >07ng
g8c >?i hai mSt $h]ng4
U Trong tr%.ng h)$ /c onh g8c gS$ 6h8 6hn ta c8 th; sZ FGng c7ng thHc Fi3n tIch h'nh
chiJ0Q
XR
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
P} = P4cos

II. P&+0-. k&$k ./2/ (L$- (&+-. d}-."

J3 T4nh gc !rMc !i@: b-ng cch sA $ng hP !h+c 1/ng !rong !(L gic 6&*ng hoOc Ynh
14 c*sin !rong !(L gicB
zs Y^"
# Cho tH Fi3n Pk5C c8 Pk >07ng g8c >?i m$(k5C), Pk = a, tam gic 5PC >07ng t<i P
>" c8 P5 = 2a, PC = a 2 4 TInh g8c

gita hai mSt $h]ng (P5C) >" (k5C)4

HhQ
U ,:i x (" chn %.ng cao h< t{ k (1n 5C th' ta c8

'

RTV
SC RV
SC TV
U Trong tam gic >07ng Pxk tInh %)c
i
Yi
2
W
sin
4 Cho (ng trG k5C4 k}5}C} c8 t2t c# cc c<nh 0 !wng a4 5iJt g8c t<o !li c<nh !1n
>" mSt !wng Yi
i
>" h'nh chiJ0 H cCa 9nh k (1n m$(k}5}C}) tr\ng >?i tr0ng i;m cCa
5}C}4 TInh tan cCa g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng 5C >" kC}4
HhQ tan
W
}
} , } } tan } ,

,
_

,
_

XC
TX
TC C S TC SC
< Cho (ng trG k5Ck5C c8 - F"i c<nh !1n !wng 2a , k5C (" tam gic >07ng t<i k4
k5 = a, TC = a W >" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa k (1n m$ (k5C) (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh
5C, TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ kk5C >" tInh c7sin g8c t<o !li kk >" 5C4
PQ
X
N
cos
? Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh 2a , Pk = a, P5 = a W
m$(Pk5) >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng 4 ,:i r,_ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh
k5,5C4
TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P5rh_ >" tInh cosin g8c t<o !li Pr >" h_4
PQ g =
W
W
W
a
,
R
R
cos
I3 T4nh gc !rong Gh*ng gi(n b-ng c*ng c 6Zc!F3
Ta th%.ng sZ FGng $h%&ng $h$ n 6hi cc g8c cn tInh c8 (i1n B0an Jn h'nh
!'nh h"nh, h'nh thoi,44 hoSc c8 B0an h3 >07ng g8c trTc tiJ$4
zs Y^"
#4 Cho tH Fi3n k5Ch4 ,:i r, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh 5C, kh4 TInh g8c
gita k5 >" Ch !iJt k5 = Ch = 2a >" r_ = a W 4
HhQ
U ,:i x >" (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5h >" kC th' _xr (" h'nh !'nh h"nh >" _ = rx =
a4
U
( )


,
_

VP_ P_ PV CU TS , ,
U Trong h'nh !'nh h"nh _xr c8Q
i 2 2 2
Yi
2
N
cos cos 4 4 2 + + +

VP_ VP_ WP VP_ P_ PV PV P_ PW PV P_
4. Cho tH Fi3n k5Ch c8 k5 = Ch = a, kC = 5h = !, kh = 5C = c4
TInh g8c t<o !li cc cS$ c<nh =i cCa tH Fi3n4
HhQ TInh g8c gita kh >" C5
U ,:i x, , r, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m k5, Ch, 5h, kC4 Ta c8 xr_ (" h'nh !'nh h"nh
n1n


,
_

,
_

WVP PV WV CS TU , ,
XY
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
U Trong h'nh !'nh h"nh rx_ ta c8Q
2 2 2
cos 4 4 2 V_ WVP PV WV PV WV V_ VP VW + + +

U h\ng c7ng thHc %.ng tr0ng t0Jn trong tam gic tInh k, 5 >" x4
U
2
2 2
cos , cos
c
a b
WVP CS TU

,
_

<. Cho h'nh (ng trG k5C4k}5}C} c8 (" tam gic 0 c<nh a4 kk} >07ng g8c >?i
m$(k5C)4 %.ng chAo 5C} cCa mSt !1n 5CC}5} h)$ >?i (k55}k}) m-t g8c !wng Wi
i
4 ,:i
r, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa kC >" 55}4
a) TInh kk}O !) TInh F(r,(5k}C})O c) TInh g8c gita r_ >" m$(5k}C})4
HhQ
a) kk} = 55} = a 2 O !) F(r,(5k}C}) = rH =
NN
YY 4
2 2
a
W_ SW
W_ SW

+
(g?i H (" h'nh chiJ0
cCa r (1n 5, (" tr0ng i;m C}k})
c),:i

(" g8c gita r_ >" (5k}C}) th' ta c8

,
_

S_ WP WLX ,
, f (" giao i;m cCa
r_ >" 5 (g?i B0i %?c (2 g8c nh:n)4
U Ta c8Q ( )( )
X
} 4 4 } 4 4 } 4
2
a
SS SP SP SW SS WS SW WS SS SW SP WS S_ WP + + + + +
X
, cos 4 4
2
a
S_ WP S_ WP

,
_

U $ FGng h3 thHc (%)ng trong cc tam gic >07ng 5r_ >" 5r tInh %)c
2
NN
,
2
R a
S_
a
WP
RR
N
arccos i
RR
N
, cos >

,
_

S_ WP
PQI TRP P Y^NG"
PQI #" Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh chZ nh@t tm ~, Pk >07ng
g8c >?i mSt 45iJt W RT a , 5C=a >" tam gic ~5C 04
a ,:i r (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa k (1n P54 ChHng minh rwng kr >07ng g8c
>?i PC4
! TInh g8c gita P5 >" mSt $h]ng (PkC)4
c ,:i , (" tr:ng tm cCa tam gic kCh4 TInh g8c gita r, >" PC4
PQI 4" Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a , tm ~ 4
Pk >07ng g8c >?i mSt >" Pk= a Y 4 ,:i r (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa k (1n P5
4
aChHng minh rwng kr PC 4
!TInh g8c gita %.ng th]ng P5 >" mSt $h]ng (PkC)4
c,:i , (" tr:ng tm cCa tam gic PCh 4TInh g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng k, >" 5h 4
PQI <" (H 4aaJ P~
Cho h'nh (ng trG k5C4k}5}C} c8 c<nh !1n !wng 2a4 Tam gic k5C >07ng t<i k, k5=2a,
kC a W 4 H'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa k (1n (k5C) tr\ng >?i tr0ng i;m r cCa 5C4
a TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG k5C4k}5}C} 4
! TInh g8c gita hai %.ng th]ng kk >" 5C4

. PQI TON z ST CU NGO]I TIP HNH CHP zQ L\NG TR^"
I. K/E- (&)% %0 12-"
; gi#i B0Jt t=t F<ng !"i t@$ n" h:c sinh cn nsm >tng 6iJn thHc c& !#n sa0Q
pp _J0 x (" tm mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ 6h=i ch8$ RT
N
T
2
44T
n
th' tm x cch 0 cc 9nh RO T
N
O
T
2
44444T
n
Xc
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
- g' >@ tm x th0-c trGc %.ng tr`n (" %.ng th]ng B0a tm %.ng tr`n ngo<i tiJ$
>" >07ng g8c >?i T
N
T
2
444T
n
(%.ng th]ng n" song song >?i %.ng cao 6h=i ch8$)
=.hi ch; ( vic chn 8Kt +y c%n &inh hoEt sao cho khi x+c `nh tr-c Jng tran +y &
Qn gin nh6t?F
- Tm x $h#i cch 0 9nh P >" cc 9nh T
N
O T
2
44444T
n
n1n x th0-c mSt $h]ng tr0ng trTc cCa
RaiF (" >2n 6h8 `i hmi h:c sinh cn 6hAo (Ao ; ch:n c<nh !1n sao cho trGc %.ng
tr`n v /c onh >" c<nh !1n ng $h]ng >?i nha0 ; >i3c t'm x %)c F| F"ng4
pp Trong m-t s= tr%.ng h)$ Sc !i3t 6hi 6h=i ch8$ c8 cc mSt !1n (" tam gic cn, >07ng,
0 ta c8 th; /c onh 2 trGc %.ng tr`n cCa mSt !1n >" 4 fhi 8 tm x (" giao i;m cCa
2 trGc %.ng tr`n4 _J0 h'nh ch8$ c8 cc 9nh 0 nh'n c<nh a F%?i m-t g8c >07ng th' tm
mSt c0 (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh a4
II. PG/ (Ck"
#~ Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t<i k >" 5, TS = SC = aO
TU = 2a 4C<nh !1n Pk >07ng g8c >?i (k5Ch) >" Pk=a4 ,:i (" tr0ng i;m cCa
kh4TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ PCh >" t'm tm !n 6Inh mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ 6h=i ch8$ 84
HhQ
U g =
Y
W
a
U ,:i r, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa P >" PC ta c8 mSt $h]ng (k5_r) (" mSt $h]ng
tr0ng trTc cCa P4 g@ tm ~ cCa mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ h'nh ch8$ PCh (" giao i;m cCa
mSt $h]ng (k5r_) >" trGc %.ng tr`n ngo<i tiJ$ Ch4 ,:i (" %.ng th]ng B0a x
(" tr0ng i;m cCa Ch >" song song >?i Pk4,:i f (" tr0ng i;m cCa k5 th' LP kr4 f_
>" ng $h]ng s0 ra LP = [ (" i;m cn t'm4 =
2
NN a
4~ Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh cht nh@t c<nh TS = aO TU = a 2 g8c
gita hai mSt $h]ng (PkC) >" k5Ch !wng Yi
i
4 ,:i H (" tr0ng i;m cCa k54 5iJt mSt !1n
Pk5 (" tam gic cn t<i 9nh P >" th0-c mSt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i
ch8$ Pk5Ch >" /c onh tm !n 6Inh mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ 6h=i ch8$ PkHC4
HhQ
U g =
W
W
a
U ,:i , f (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa Pk, Hk 4 fz %&ng th]ng B0a f song song >?i kh
cst Ch l th' f (RTX) 4 hTng / song song >?i f th' / (" trGc %.ng tr`n ngo<i
tiJ$ tam gic PHk4 hTng %.ng th]ng B0a tm ~ cCa mSt >07ng g8c >?i kC cst f,
kh t<i _, * th' _ (" tm >`ng tr`n ngo<i tiJ$ tam gic kHC4 Trong mSt $h]ng chHa / >"
f 6z %.ng th]ng _ >07ng g8c >?i (k5Ch) (%.ng th]ng song song >?i f) th'
_ (" trGc %.ng tr`n cCa tamgic kHC4
,iao i;m V = Py ^x (" tm mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ h'nh ch8$ PkHC4 = a
W2
WN
<~ Cho tH Fi3n k5Ch c8 k5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh a, UT = US =
W
a
, Ch >07ng g8c
>?i kh4 Tr1n c<nh Ch 6Ao F"i (2 i;m sao cho
i
ei

T^S
4TInh g8c t<o !li mSt
$h]ng (k5C) >" mSt $h]ng (k5h)4uc onh tm >" tInh th; tIch 6h=i c0 ngo<i tiJ$ 6h=i
tH Fi3n k5C
HhQ
U ,:i x (" tr0ng i;m cCa k5 th' Cx >07ng g8c >?i k5 >" hx >07ng g8c >?i k54 _1n g8c
t<o !li (kCh) >" (k5h) ("

CVU
4
W
N
cos

CVU
Xd
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
U ChHng minh tam gic TC^ >07ng t<i k (kh (" %.ng cao >" Ch4h = kh
2
=
W
2
a
)
4T%&ng tT ta c8 tam gic 5C >07ng t<i 54 g@ mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ tH Fi3n k5C c8 C ("
%.ng 6Inh tm x cCa mSt c0 (" tr0ng i;m cCa C4 g =
d
Y
W
a
X) Cho h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh !wng a >" %.ng cao (" PH
>?i H thma mvn XW XP W trong 8 r, _ (" tr0ng i;m k5, Ch4 rSt $h]ng (Pk5)
t<o >?i
k5Ch g8c Yi
i
4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ _ Jn mSt $h]ng (PkC) >" /c onh th; tIch 6h=i
c0 ngo<i tiJ$ h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch4
HhQ
U g
P_kC
=
NX
2N
)) ( , (
Xd
W
4
W
N
W
a
RTC P d a dt RX
PTC

U TrGc %.ng tr`n (" %.ng th]ng F B0a ~ >" PH

d
(RWP) 4 g' tam gic Pk5
>07ng cn t<i P n1n trGc F cCa m$(Pk5) B0a r >" >07ng g8c >?i Pk54 Thbo tr1n ta c8
(Pk5) >07ng g8c >?i (PrH) n1n 6z H >07ng g8c >?i Pr th' X^ (RTS) n1n (F) H4
Ta c8 d } d = V (" tm mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ h'nh ch8$ Pk5Ch4 = xk =
Y
2N a
, g =
RX
2N c
W
a
. GIOI PQI TON HNH KHNG GIAN PNG PHNG PHP TfA T"
I. P&+0-. k&$k ./2/ (L$-"
g2n B0an tr:ng nh2t trong >i3c gi#i !"i ton h'nh 6h7ng gian !wng $h%&ng $h$
t:a - (" thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - cho $h\ h)$4 Pa0 chEng t7i /in gi?i thi30 m-t s= $h%&ng
$h$ ; thiJt (@$ h3 t:a -4
J[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , i 6Qi !(L $iPnB
g?i g8c tam Fi3n ~a!c >i3c t:a - h8a th%.ng %)c thTc hi3n 6h &n gi#n, Sc
!i3t >?iQ
U Tam Fi3n >07ng th' h3 trGc t:a - >07ng g8c %)c thiJt (@$ nga tr1n tam Fi3n 84
U Tam Fi3n c8 m-t g8c $h]ng >07ng, 6hi 8 ta thiJt (@$ m-t mSt cCa h3 trGc t:a - chHa
g8c $h]ng 84
I[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , cho h"nh ch:B
g?i h'nh ch8$, >i3c t:a - h8a th%.ng %)c thTc hi3n FTa tr1n Sc tInh h'nh h:c
cCa chEng4 Ta c8 cc tr%.ng h)$ th%.ng gS$ sa0Q
p H'nh ch8$ 0 th' h3 t:a - %)c thiJt (@$ FTa tr1n g=c ~ tr\ng >?i tm cCa >" trGc
~ tr\ng >?i %.ng cao cCa h'nh ch8$4 CG th;Q
p H'nh ch8$ c8 m-t c<nh !1n (Pk) >07ng g8c >?i th' ta th%.ng ch:n trGc ~ (" c<nh
!1n >07ng g8c >?i (Pk), g=c t:a - tr\ng >?i chn %.ng >07ng g8c (k)4
Trong cc tr%.ng h)$ 6hc ta FTa >"o %.ng cao cCa h'nh ch8$ >" tInh ch2t a gic
; ch:n h3 t:a - $h\ h)$4
S[ Thi@! 19: hP !rc !8( , cho h"nh h,: chX nh9!B
g?i h'nh h-$ cht nh@t th' >i3c thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - 6h &n gi#n, th%.ng c8 hai cchQ
U Ch:n m-t 9nh ("m g=c t:a - >" !a trGc tr\ng >?i !a c<nh cCa h'nh h-$4
U Ch:n tm cCa ("m g=c t:a - >" !a trGc song song >?i !a c<nh cCa h'nh h-$4
\[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , cho h"nh 1]ng !rB
U g?i (ng trG Hng th' ta ch:n trGc ~ th]ng Hng, g=c t:a - (" m-t 9nh n"o 8 cCa
hoSc tm cCa 4 Cc trGc ~, ~/ th' FTa >"o tInh ch2t cCa a gic m" ch:n cho $h\
h)$4
Xe
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
U g?i (ng trG nghi1ng, ta FTa tr1n %.ng cao >" tInh ch2t cCa ; ch:n h3 t:a - cho
thIch h)$4
_go"i cc tr%.ng h)$ tr1n, trong cc tr%.ng h)$ 6hc ta FTa >"o B0an h3 song
song, >07ng g8c >" cc tInh ch2t cCa %.ng cao, ,444 ; thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - cho thIch
h)$4
II. C$% dB-. 1G/ (Ck"
#. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- :-& *+,-. 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"
PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco hai bcH
> !hi0t &,. h tr-c ta A th5ch h.B td 7 s'y ra ta A cGa c+c i38 c%n thi0tF
> !hi0t &,. bi3' thc gii t5ch cho c+c gi+ tr` c%n x+c `nhF
CC zs Y^"
N) Cho g8c tam Fi3n ~/, tr1n ~/, ~, ~ (2 cc i;m k, 5, C sao cho ~k = a, ~5 = !,
~C = c4 Trong tH Fi3n ~k5C >D n-i tiJ$ m-t h'nh (@$ $h%&ng sao cho m-t 9nh tr\ng >?i
~ c`n 9nh =i Fi3n th0-c mSt $h]ng (k5C)4 TInh - F"i c<nh cCa h'nh (@$ $h%&ng4
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 t:a - ~/ >?i k th0-c ~/, 5 th0-c ~, C th0-c ~4 Ta c8Q k(aO iO i), 5(iO !O
i), C(iO iO c)4
U m$(k5C)Q
N + +
c
e
b
y
a
x
U ,:i t (" c<nh cCa h'nh (@$ $h%&ng >" k} (" 9nh =i Fi3n >?i ~, 6hi 8 k}(tO tO t)4
U k} th0-c (k5C) s0 ra t =
ca bc ab
abc
+ +
2) Trong mSt $h]ng (*) cho tam gic 0 k5C c<nh !wng a4 hTng o<n Pk = a >07ng g8c
>?i m$(*)4 TInh tan cCa g8c nh:n gita hai c<nh k5 >" PC4
HhQ Ch:n h3 t:a - nh% h'nh >DQ
Ta c8Q k(iO iO i), 5

,
_

i O
2
W
O
2
a a
C(aO iO i), P(iO iO a)
PQ
c tan
X
2
4
4
cos
RC TS
RC TS
W) Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng k5Ch4k
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
c<nh !wng a4 ,:i r, _ thbo thH tT (" tr0ng i;m
cc c<nh kh >" Ch4 +2 * th0-c 55
N
sao cho 5* = W5*
N
4 TInh Fi3n tIch thiJt Fi3n Fo
(r_*) cst h'nh (@$ $h%&ng4
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 t:a - k/ >?i 5 th0-c k/, h th0-c k >" k
N
th0-c k4 Ta c8
Ri
k
5
C
P

T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh

k(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(aO aO i), h(iO aO i), k
N
(iO iO a), 5
N
(aO iO a), C
N
(aO aO a), h
N
(iO aO a),
r
,
_

i O
2
O i
a
, _
,
_

i O O
2
a
a
, *
,
_

X
W
O i O
a
a
4
U ,:i

(" g8c t<o !li (r_*) >" (k5Ch), ta c8Q

Y
2
cos
U ,:i P
N
>" P (n (%)t (" Fi3n tIch thiJt Fi3n >" h'nh chiJ0 cCa n8 (1n mSt $h]ng (k5Ch)4
Ta %)cQ
( )
NY
Y c
44
cos
N
cos cos
2
N
a
R R
R R
R
UWP TSCU
TSCWP


X) Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic 0 k5C4k
N
5
N
C
N
c8 cc c<nh !wng a4 TInh g8c git hai mSt
$h]ng (k5C
N
) >" (5Ck
N
)4
U Ch:n h3 t:a - nh% h'nh >D4 Ta c8Q
k(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C

,
_

i O
2
W
O
2
a a
k
N
(iO iO a), 5
N
(aO iO a), C
N

,
_

a
a a
O
2
W
O
2
U ,:i

(" g8c gita (k5C

N
) >" (5Ck
N
)4 Ta c8Q
c
N
4
cos
2 N
2 N

n n
n n

4. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- :-& (H-& 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"

PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco c+c bc sa'H
> !hi0t &,. h tr-c ta A th5ch h.F
> !hi0t &,. c+c bi3' thc gii tihcs cho i4' kinB td 7 s'y ra k0t D' c%n chng 8inhF C-
th3H
N4 ; chHng minh m-t !i;0 thHc >bct&, ta cn /c onh t:a - cCa cc >bct& trong !i;0
thHc 8, t{ 8 tha >"o !i;0 thHc ; %a ra 6Jt (0@n4
24 ChHng minh m=i (i1n h3 <i s=4
W4 g?i
2 N
, a a (" gTC* cCa (F
N
) >" (F
2
) th'Q
a4
2 N 2 N
) ( ) ( a k a d d !4 i 4 ) ( ) (
2 N 2 N
a a d d
X4 g?i
2 N
, n n (" gT*T cCa (*
N
) >" (*
2
) th'Q
a4 (*
N
) (*
2
)
2 N
n k n !4 i 4 ) ( ) (
2 N 2 N
n n
R, g?i n a, (n (%)t (" gTC* cCa (F) >" gT*T cCa (*) th'Q
a4 (F) (*) i 4 n a n a !4 n k a d ) ( ) (
CC zs Y^" N) Cho tam gic >07ng cn k5C c8 k5 = kC = a, r (" tr0ng i;m c<nh 5C4
Tr1n cc nZa %.ng th]ng kk
N
, rr
N
>07ng g8c >?i m$(k5C) > c\ng m-t $hIa, (2
t%&ng Hng cc i;m _, x sao cho 2 rx = _k = a4 ,:i H (" chn %.ng >07ng g8c h< t{ k
/0=ng _r4 ChHng minh rwng PV TX
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - k/ >?i 5 th0-c k/, C th0-c k >" _ th0-c k4 Ta c8Q
k(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(iO aO i), r
,
_

i O
2
O
2
a a
, _(iO iO a), x
,
_

2
O
2
O
2
a a a
, H
,
_

2
O i O
2
a a
U TInh %)c PV TX PV TX i 4
2) Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh !wng a, Pk >07ng g8c >?i
4 ,:i r, _ (" hai i;m thbo thH tT th0-c 5C, hC sao cho 5r =
2
a
, h_ =
X
Wa
4 ChHng
minh rwng hai mSt $h]ng (Pkr) >" (Pr_) >07ng g8c >?i nha04
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - k/ >?i 5 th0-c k/, h th0-c k, P th0-c k, 6hi 8Q
RN
5
k
C
k
N

C
N
5
N
k
5
C
P

T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh

k(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(aO aO i), h(iO aO i), P(iO iO a), r
,
_

i O
2
O
a
a
, _
,
_

i O O
X
W
a
a
U TInh %)c TW WP TW WP i 4 4
U rSt 6hc Pk r_, s0 ra r_
) ( ) ( ) ( RTW RWP RTW
W) Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5C c8 k5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh a, Pk = P5 = PC, 6ho#ng cch
t{ P Jn m$(k5C) !wng h4 T'm i0 6i3n cCa a >" h ; hai mSt $h]ng (Pk5) >" (PkC)
>07ng g8c >?i nha04
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - ~/ >?i ~ (" tr:ng tm tam gic k5C, 5C song song ~/, k th0-c
~, P th0-c ~, 6hi 8Q
k

,
_

i O
W
W
O i
a
, 5

,
_

i O
Y
W
O
2
a a
, C

,
_

i O
Y
W
O
2
a a
, P(iO iO h)
U ,:i } , n n thbo thH tT (" gT*T cCa (Pk5) >" (PkC) th'Q
[ ] [ ]

,
_

,
_

W
W
O O W , } ,
W
W
O O W ,
a
h h TC RT n
a
h h TS RT n
U Y i } 4 ) ( ) ( h a n n RTC RTS
X) Cho h'nh (ng trG k5C4 k
N
5
N
C
N
c8 (" tam gic 0 c<nh !wng a, kk
N
= h >" >07ng
g8c >?i m$(k5C)4 5iJt rwng 6ho#ng cch gita k
N
5
N
>" 5C
N
!wng F4 ChHng minh rwngQ a =
) ( W
2
2 2
d h
dh

HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - k/ >?i 5 th0-c k/, k
N
th0-c k, 6hi 8Q
k(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C

,
_

i O
2
W
O
2
a a
k
N
(iO iO h), 5
N
(aO iO h), C
N

,
_

h
a a
O
2
W
O
2
U ,:i
b a,
thbo thH tT (" gTC* cCa k
N
5
N
>" 5C
N
4 Ta c8Q
a c\ng $h%&ng ) i O i O N ( ) i O i O (
N N
a a S T , b c\ng $h%&ng

,
_

h
a a
SC O
2
W
O
2
N
( ) h a a b 2 O W O 4
fhi 8Q
[ ]
[ ] ) ( W
2
W X
W
,
,
2 2 2 2
N
d h
dh
a
a h
ah
b a
SS b a
d

+

<. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- %% (l (lL-. &m-& &% 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"
PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco c+c bc sa'H
> !hi0t &,. h ta A th5ch h.B td 7 s'y ra ta A c+c i38 c%n thi0tF
> !hi0t &,. bi3' thc i4' kin =n0' c7?F !hi0t &,. bi3' thc gii t5ch cho c+c i38 c%n t\8
cbc tr`F
> "ba chn .hQng .h+. t\8 cbc tr`B thng thJng &H
f hQng .h+. ta8 thc b,c haiF
f R< d-ng b6t gng thcF
f R< d-ng Eo h8F
CC zs Y^"
N) Cho g8c tam Fi3n ~/, tr1n ~/, ~, ~ (2 cc i;m k, 5, C4
a TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ ~ Jn m$(k5C) thbo ~k = a, ~5 = !, ~C = c4
! ,i# sZ k c= Fonh c`n 5, C tha Ki nhtng (07n thma mvn ~k = ~5 U ~C4 Hv /c onh
>o trI cCa 5 >" C sao cho th; tIch tH Fi3n ~k5C (" (?n nh2t4
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc ~/, 6hi 8Q k(aO iO i), 5(iO !O i), C(iO iO c)
R2
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
U *T (k5C)Q
N + +
c
e
b
y
a
x
, F(~, (k5C)) =
2 2 2 2 2 2
b a a c c b
abc
+ +
U g
~k5C
=
2X 2
4
Y
N
Y
N
W
2
a c b
a abc
,
_

+
(Thbo !t c7si)
ho 8 ra/(g
~k5C
) =
2X
W
a
<t %)c 6hi ! = c =
2
a
2) Cho tH Fi3n Pk5C c8 PC = Ck = k5 = 2 a , PC >07ng g8c >?i m$(k5C), tam gic
k5C >07ng t<i k, cc i1m r th0-c Pk, _ th0-c 5C sao cho kr = C_ = a (i t
2a)4
a TInh - F"i o<n r_4 T'm gi tro cCa t ; o<n r_ ngsn nh2t4
! fhi o<n r_ ngsn nh2t, chHng minh r_ (" %.ng >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa 5C >" Pk4
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - C// >?i 5 th0-c C/, P th0-c C, 6hi 8Q
k(aO aO i), 5(2aO iO i), C(iO iO i), P(iO iO 2 a )4
U *h%&ng tr'nh PkQ [ ] a '
' e
' a y
' a x
O i ,
2

'

s0 ra r( ) 2 O O ' ' a ' a
U g' kr = t s0 ra 0 =
2
t
4 fhi 8 r

,
_

2
2
O
2
N
O
2
N t
a a
a r_
2
=
W
2
W
Y
W
2
2 X W
2
2 2
a
t
a
WinWP
a
a at t +
! fhi o<n r_ ngsn nh2t th'

,
_

,
_

i O i O
W
2
,
W
2
O
W
2
O
W
2 a
P
a a a
W
4 +Ec 8

'

i 4
i 4
SC WP
RT WP
,
tHc (" rn (" o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa Pk >" 5C4
W) Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng k5Ch4k
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
, c<nh !wng a4 Tr1n c<nh kk
N
6Ao F"i > $hIa k
N
(2 i;m r >" tr1n c<nh 5C 6Ao F"i > $hIa C (2 i;m _ sao cho r_ cst c<nh C
N
h
N
4 TInh
gi tro nhm nh2t cCa - F"i o<n r_4
HhQ
U Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - k/ trong 8 5 th0-c k/, h th0-c k >" k
N
th0-c k, 6hi 8Q k(iO
iO i), 5(aO iO i), k
N
(iO iO a), C
N
(aO aO a)4
U kk
N
Q
( ) ( ) ) i O O ( O ,
i
Q )O O i O i ( O , i
i
v a P a v
e
v y
a x
SC ' W a '
' e
y
x
+

'

'

U g' r_ cst C
N
h
N
n1n rh
N
_C
N

a v
av
'
a
' a
v a
a

4
RW
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
fhi 8 r_ = 0 U > - a =
a v
a av v

+
2 2
, s0 ra rinr_ = Wa 6hi > = 2a a ' 2 >" 6hi 8
r_ i B0a tr0ng i;m x cCa C
N
h
N
(h\ng $h%&ng $h$ <o h"m)
. PQI TON HHKG TRONG CC THI Hn C CC N\S zgA UA"
PG/ #~ H 4aa4 K.A
Cho h'nh ch8$ tam gic 0 P4k5C 9nh P, c8 - F"i c<nh !wng a4 ,:i r,_ (n (%)t ("
cc tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh P5 >" PC 4 TInh thbo a Fi3n tIch tam gic kgiacs!ibbts rwng
mSt $h]ng (kr_$hangr>0oong g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (P5C)4
PG/ 4~ H 4aa4 K.P
Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng k5Chk
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
c8 c<nh !wng a4
a) TInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng k
N
5 >" 5
N
h4
!) ,:i r,_,* (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh 55
N
, Ch, k
N
h
N
4 TInh g8c gita hai
%.ng th]ng r*, C
N
_4
PG/ <~ H 4aa4 K.Y
Cho h'nh tH Fi3n k5Ch c8 c<nh kh >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5C) O kC = kh =
XcmO k5 = WcmO 5C = Rcm4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t{ i;m k Jn mSt $h]ng (5Ch)4
PG/ ?~ H 4aa< K.A
Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng k5Ch4k5Ch4 TInh s= o g8c $h]ng nho Fi3n 5,kC,h4
PG/ A~ H 4aa< K.P
Cho h'nh (ng trG Hng k5Ch4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" m-t h'nh thoi c<nh a, g8c

STU
=
Yi
i
4 ,:i r (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh kk >" _ (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh CC4 ChHng minh rwng
X i;m 5, r, h, _ c\ng th0-c m-t mSt $h]ng4 Hv tInh - F"i c<nh kk thbo a ; tH
gic5rh_ (" h'nh >07ng4
PG/ D~ H 4aa< K.Y
Cho hai mSt $h]ng (*) >" () >07ng g8c >?i nha0, c8 giao t0Jn (" %.ng th]ng4 Tr1n giao
t0Jn (2 hai i;m k, 5 >?i k5 = a 4 Trong mSt $h]ng (*) (2 i;m C , trong mSt $h]ng
() (2 i;mh sao cho kC, 5h >07ng g8c >?i nha0 >" kC = 5h = k54 TInh !n 6Inh
mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ tH Fi3n k5Ch >" tInh 6ho#ng cch t{ k Jn mSt $h]ng (5Ch) thbo a4
PG/ I~ H 4aa? K.P
Cho h'nh ch8$ tH gic 0 P4k5Ch c8 c<nh !wng a, g8c gita c<nh !1n >" mSt
!wng

(i
i

ei
i
)4 TInh tang cCa g8c gita hai mSt $h]ng (Pk5) >" (k5Ch) thbo

4
TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P4k5Ch thbo a >"

4
PG/ J~ H 4aaD A
Cho 2 h'nh trG c8 (n (%)t (" 2 %.ng tr`n (~) >" (~)45n 6Inh !wng chi0 cao >"
!wng a4Tr1n %.ng tr`n tm ~ (2 i;m k4Tr1n %.ng tr`n tm ~ (2 i;m 5sao
cho k5=2a4TInh th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n ~~k5
P
N2
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

PG/ N~ H 4aaI A
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a ,mSt !1n Pkh (" tam gic 0 >"
nwm trong mSt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i 4,:i r,_,* (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa
P5,5C,Ch 4ChHng minh kr >07ng g8c 5* >" tInh th; tIch cCa tH Fi3n Cr_*
P
eY
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

PG/ #a~ H 4aaI P
Cho h'nh ch8$ tH gic 0 Pk5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a ,:i (" i;m =i
/Hng cCa h B0a tr0ng i;m Pk,r (" tr0ng i;m cCa k,_ (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5C 4chHng
minh Qr_ >07ng g8c 5h >" tInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch gita 2 %.ng th]ng r_,kC
PQ
X
2
) O (
a
TC WP d
RX
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
PG/ ##~ H 2iic fh=i h
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 (" h'nh thang ,8c hk5=k5C=ei
i
,5k=5C=a,kh=2a4c<nh !1n Pk >07ng g8c >?i >" Pk=a 2 4,:i H (" h'nh chiJ0
>07ng g8c cCa k tr1n P54ChHng minh tam gic PCh >07ng >" tInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch t{
H Jn m$ (PCh)
PQ
W
) ( O (
a
RCU X d
PG/ #4~ H 4aaJ A
Cho (ng trG k5C4k5C c8 - F"i c<nh !1n !wng 2a, k5C (" tam gic >07ng t<i
k,k5=a,kC=Wa >" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa 9nh k tr1n mSt $h]ng k5C (" tr0ng i;m
c<nh 5C4TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i cho$ kk5C >" tInh cosin cCa g8c gita 2 %.ng th]ng
kk,5C
PQ
W
W
}4
a
O
TSC T
,
X
N
cos
PG/ #<~ H 4aaJ P
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh 2a, Pk=a, P5 = a W >" mSt
$h]ng (Pk5) >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng 4 ,:i r, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh
k5, 5C4 TInh thbo a th; tIch cCa 6h=i ch8$ P45rh_ >" tInh cosin cCa g8c gita hai %.ng
th]ng Pr, h_4
PQ
W
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

R
R
cos
PG/ #?~ H 4aaJ Y
Cho (ng trG Hng k5C4k}5}C} c8 k5C (" tam gic >07ng, k5 = 5C = a, c<nh !1n
kk} a 2
4 ,:i r (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh 5C4 TInh thbo a th; tIch cCa 6h=i (ng trG
k5C4k}5}C} >" 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng kr, 5}C4
PQ
2
2
W
} } } 4
a
O
C S T TSC

c
c
) } O (
a
C S TW d
PG/ #A~ H 4aaN A
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4k5Ch c8 k5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t<i k >" hO k5 = kh = 2a, Ch
= aO
g8c gita hai mSt $h]ng (P5C) >" (k5Ch) !wng Yi
4
,:i x (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh kh4 5iJt
hai mSt
$h]ng (P5x) >" (PCx) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (k5Ch)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$
P4k5Ch
thbo a4
PQ
R
NR W
W
4
a
O
TSCU R

PG/ #D~ H 4aaN P
Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic k5C4k5C c8 55 = a, g8c gita %.ng th]ng 55 >" mSt
$h]ng
(k5C) !wng Yi
i
O tam gic k5C >07ng t<i C >"

STC
= Yi
i
4 H'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa
i;m 5 (1n
mSt $h]ng (k5C) tr\ng >?i tr:ng tm cCa tam gic k5C4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n
kk5C thbo a
PQ
2id
e
W
}
a
O
TSC T

PG/ #I~ H 4a#a A
Cho h'nh ch8$ R4TSCU c8 TSCU (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a4 ,:i W >" P (n (%)t (" tr0ng
i;m cCa cc c<nh TS >" TUO X (" giao i;m cCa CP >?i UW4 5iJt RX >07ng g8c >?i mSt
RR
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
$h]ng (TSCU) >" RX = a W 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ R4CUPW >" tInh 6ho#ng cch gita
hai %.ng th]ng UW >" RC thbo a4
PQ
2X
W R
W
4
a
O
CUPW R

Ne
W 2
) O (
a
RC UW d
PG/ #J~ H 4a#a P
Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic 0 k5C4k5C c8 TS = a, g8c gita hai mSt $h]ng (k5C) >"
(TSC? !wng Yi
i
4 ,:i # (" tr:ng tm tam gic 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG v cho >" tInh
!n 6Inh mSt c0 ngo<i tiJ$ tH Fi3n #TSC thbo a4 PQ
d
W W
W
} } } 4
a
O
C S T TSC

N2
ca
Z
PG/ #N~ H 4a#a Y
Cho h'nh ch8$ RFTSCU c8 TSCU (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a, c<nh !1n RT h aO h'nh chiJ0
>07ng g8c cCa 9nh R tr1n
m t $h]ng =TSCU? (" i;m X th07c o<n TCB
X
TC
TX F ,:i CW (" %.ng cao cCa tam
gic RTC4 ChHng minh W ("
tr0ng i;m cCa RT >" tInh th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi1 n RWSC thbo a4
PQ
Xd
NX
W
4
a
O
SCW R

PG/ 4a~ H 4a## A
Cho h'nh ch8$ RFTSC c8 TSC (" tam gic >07ng cn t<i S, TS h SC h CaO hai mSt
$h]ng =RTS? >" =RTC? c\ng >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng =TSC?F ,:i W (" tr0ng i;m cCa k5O
mSt $h]ng RW >" song song >?i SC, cst TC t<i P4 5iJt g8c gita hai mSt $h]ng =RSC? >"
=TSC? !]ng Yi
o
4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ RFSCPW >" 6ho#ng cch gita hai %.ng th]ng
TS >" RP thbo a4
PQ W
W
4
a O
SCPW R

NW
We 2
) O (
a
RP TS d
PG/ 4#~ H 4a## P
Cho (ng trG k5Ch4k
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
c8 k5Ch (" h'nh cht nh@t4 k5 = a, kh = W a 4 H'nh
chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa i;m k
N
tr1n mSt $h]ng (k5Ch) tr\ng >?i giao i;m kC >" 5h4
,8c gita hai mSt $h]ng (khh
N
k
N
) >" (k5Ch) !wng Yi
i
4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG v
cho >" 6ho#ng cch t{ i;m 5
N
Jn mSt $h]ng (k
N
5h) thbo a4
PQ
2
W
W
4
N N N
a
O
U C S T TSCU

2
W
) k ( O (
N N
a
SU 8. S d
PG/ 44~ H 4a## Y
Cho h'nh ch8$ RFTSC c8 TSC (" tam gic >07ng t<i SB ST h IaB SC h Nai mSt $h]ng
(RSC) >07ng g8c >?i mSt $h]ng (TSC)4 5iJt RS h 2 W a >"

RSC
= Wi
i
4 TInh th; tIch
6h=i ch8$ RFTSC >" 6ho#ng cch t{ i;m S Jn mSt $h]ng (RTC) thbo a4
PQ
W
4
W 2 a O
TSC R

c
Y
)) ( O (
a
RTC 8. S d
HT
RY