-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

v°æ¨¡o: 1. To be + pp form
í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
DEo à N-üµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊
to be won èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
2. Would be í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. Would be + pp
form †’ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊
would be done, would be won Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
7. Ééπ\úø ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Å´’t-•-úø-û√®· ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
All types of cycles will be sold here ÅØ√L éπü∆?
All types of cycles are sold here ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊
Åçö«®Ω’? ü∆E Å®Ωnç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Ééπ\úø Å´’t-
•úÕ ÖØ√o®· ÅE ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆?
ï¢√•’: 1. to be + pp (am/ is/ are/ shall be/
– -Å-Gµ->-û˝, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Would be - -á-™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? was/ can be, etc + past participle) form
verb passive voice ™ Öçô’çC.
™
(pp = past participle ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆?)
3. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ äéπ °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L?
To be won = Èí©’--éÓ-•-ú≈-Lq† ņoô’x.
؈’ Ç °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? She hoped that she would be given the prize = He is seen (is + seen - pp of see) here every-
Three prizes to be won= Prize day =
4. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àN éπÈ®é˙d? ûª†éÀ´y-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Ç¢Á’ ÇPç-*çC.
I. a) What does the poet
Èí©’--éÓ-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Èí©’--èπ◊-ØËç- We all expected that the match would be won v°æA-®ÓW (Regular) Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø îª÷úø-•-úø-û√úø’.
by India = Match
says?
ü¿’èπ◊) ´‚úø’ •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’. ¶µ«®Ω-û˝-îËûª Èí©’-´-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E (v°æA-®ÓW Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø éπE°œ≤ƒhúø’.)
More work to be done = match
¢Ë’ç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: ¶µ«®Ωû˝ They are given (are + given - pp of give) coffee
b) What does the poet say?
Èí©’-Ææ’hç-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç). every morning =
II. a) Where does she goes?
îËߪ’-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (îËߪ÷-Lq†) °æE Éçé¬ ÖçC.
3. I will make (somebody) do it/ I will get it/ have v°æA Öü¿ßª’ç ¢√∞¡Ÿx coffee É´y-•-úø-û√®Ω’–
2. Would be - DE í∫’-Jç-* Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x
b) Where does she go? it done.
N´-Jç-î√ç. í∫ûªç-™ç* ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ îÁ°æpú≈-EéÀ ÉC (¢√∞¡xèπ◊ coffee É≤ƒh®Ω’)
III. a) What does he thinks? 4. 1b, 2b and 3b correct.
¢√úøû√ç. Was + pp/ Were + pp- í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊.
b) What does he think? 5. 2nd RDW not/ question
It was done yesterday - E†o îËߪ’-•-úÕçC
†’ ûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’
does + 1st RDW Does
5. 2nd RDW †’ Question ûÓí¬F, not ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. ûÓ They were taken home =
2nd Regular Doing Word ®√ü¿’.
ûÓí¬F îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ does ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? He likes me X He does not like me
ÅN ÉçöÀéÀ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-•-ú≈f®·.
´’J does †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ 1st
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 413 likes + not / ? = (does like) í∫´’-Eéπ: be form ûÓ object Ö†o verbs èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
RDW áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’? ÅC ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü∆? past participle ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ á´-JE/ üËEE ÅE
Does + 1st RDW correct
´÷vûª¢Ë’
verb èπ◊ v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ answer ´îËa verbs èπ◊
N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 6. am + pp/ is + pp/ are + pp- Regular
I thought that he would be there = object Öçô’çC. come- ®√´úøç– á´-JE/ üËEéÀ
6. Am, is, are v°æÆæ’hûªç Öçúø-ö«Eo ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®· í¬ ïJÍí °æEE passive voice ™ ®√´úø
éπü∆? am+pp, is + pp, are+ pp ©†’ ᙫ Å®Ωnç Åûª-úø-éπ\úø Öçö«úøE ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o – ņ’-
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®·. ç?- Answer ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE was come/
èπ◊-†oC í∫ûªç – Åûªúø’ Öçúøôç Å°æpöÀ were come ®√ü¿’. ûª°æ¤p.
îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? †’ç* future 鬕öÀd would be. I am taught (am + taught - pp of
7. Will be sold Åçõ‰ future ™ Å´’t•úøû√ߪ’E
Was come ûª°æ¤p ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬F was + pp, would be + pp = would be done, teach) for an hour everyday =
were + pp í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ (v°æA ®ÓW (Regular) ؈’ í∫çôÊÆ°æ¤ Å®Ω nç. Are sold Åçõ‰ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈/ á°æ¤púø÷
would be seen, etc. √-ߪ’E. Book Shops ™ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™„-°æ¤púø÷
was + pp à Nüµ¿çí¬ ûª°æp-´¤-ûª’çC? He is come He Know that it would be done = ¶Cµç-îª-•-úø-û√†’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Å´’t-••--úúøø--ûû√®·
Å´’t-
鬕öÀd are sold ÅØË ÅØ√L.
éπÈ®é˙d Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ He was come áçü¿’èπ◊ ûª°æ¤p? ÅC îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÆœçC. M.SURESAN v°æA-®ÓW í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ¶Cµ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
v°æ¨¡o: 'Question Tag' ©’, I am young, amn't I ? , I am

He is seen her e ever yday

correct, aren't I ? – É™« ûËú≈í¬ Öçô’-Ø√o®·. 'be' form
°æéπ\† not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, not ´Ææ’hçC. é¬F 'aren't' áçü¿’èπ◊
I am young, aren't I?
´Ææ’hçC?
amn't I ?
éπü∆ ®√¢√-
v°æ¨¡o: üÁj†ç-C†, v°æéπ%A Ææç•ç-Cµûª, Ææ£æ«ï, -îªJ-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稻-©†’ simple pre-
LqçC? éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬙x amn't I í¬, ´’J-éÌEoç-öÀ-™ aren't Eg: I come to express my gratitude to you.
I í¬ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Éçé¬ É™«çöÀ ûËú≈©’çõ‰ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’?
sent tense ™ ´Jg-≤ƒh®Ω’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† °∂æ’-ô-†-©†’ simple past O’èπ◊ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√a†’.
ï¢√•’: I am young, aren't I? ņúøç correct. äéπ\ 'I" Ééπ\úø I have come ÅØÁjØ√ ÅØÌa.
– G.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, éπçûË®Ω’
tense ™ØË îÁ§ƒpL. ÉçúÕ-ߪ÷–-§ƒ-é˙© ´’üµ¿u véÀÈéö¸ ´÷uî˝ vú≈
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, question tag ™ n't (not) ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, Å®·uçC. ÉC î√J-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稡ç é¬ü¿’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† 鬙«-EÍé. Åçü¿’-éπØË news paper headings ™ Twenty die as train derails
Å®·Ø√ channels ™, News (Train °æö«d©’ ûª°æp-ôçûÓ 20 ´’çC
aren't I? ÅE ´Ææ’hçC, ®√¢√L. ÉC ¢√úø’éπ, (usage) 鬕öÀd

match ends in a draw Åçô÷ match ends in a draw ? and kill villagers (°æçôLo Ø√¨¡†ç îËÆœ
N´-®Ωù Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. Å®·ûË ´’Sx Papers ™ èπÿú≈ Indo-Pak ´’®Ωùç), Elephants destroys crops
question tag ™, "I" ûÓ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË am I? ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC.
ends simple present tense
v°æ¨¡o: He said, "I will come here"... Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Indirect
´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ îªç°œ† à†’-í∫’©’) ™«çöÀ
áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈®Ω’? É™«Íí áØÓo Å稻©’ The talks 'fail' Åçô÷ headings îª÷≤ƒhç. Å®·ûË The use of simple present for past
Speech ™ come ≤ƒn†ç™ go ´Ææ’hçü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. ûª®Ωîª÷ Í®úÕ-ßÁ÷™x Nçô’Ø√oç. Ê°°æ®Ωx-™ -îª-ü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oç. -É-C learners events, headlines èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ °æJ-N’ûªç. Headlines éÀçC éπü∑¿-†ç™
éπÈ®Fq ØÓôx°j èπÿ, beginners èπÿ -ûª°æ¤p-úø’ ÆæçÍé-û√-©’ -ÉÆæ’h-†o-õ‰x éπ-ü∆? ÉC à Ææ÷vûªç (News report/ story ™) ´÷vûªç Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJT† day/ date †’ ûÁL°œ,
I promise to "I will come here".. v°æ鬮Ωç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC? N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. past simple ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
pay the News paper regular í¬ îªü¿-´úøç Å©-¢√-ô-®·ûË learners/ beginners
ï¢√•’: A very good question.
– á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’
bearer the sum of one hundred rupees ÅE ®√Æœ èπ◊ ÖçúË confusion ûÌ©-T-§Ú-ûª’çC. éÌEo TV channels ™ ûª°æ¤pí¬
Öçô’çC. ü∆E ¶µ«´ç àN’öÀ? – §ƒ´E, Ææ’üµ¿, News Paper reporting ™ ´·êuçí¬ headings ™ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† India won the match ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC India wins ÅE é¬F, India
N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ present simple ™ report îËߪ’úøç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* ´Ææ’h†o has won ÅE é¬F Öçú≈L. India wins ņo-°æ¤púø’ journalistic lan-

ï¢√•’: Å´¤†’. He said that he would go there, correct.

´’ûªqu-°æ¤J, °æPa-´’-íÓ-ü∆-´J
Currency notes †’ ´·vCç* «-´’ùÀ îËÊÆ ¶«üµ¿uûª Reserve
Bank of India C. Ç bank governor, äéπ ØÓô’-èπ◊†o vü¿´u-
N-©’´ (monetary value – úø•’s© N©’´)†’ ûÁLÊ° £æ…O’ ÉC.
´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-© -ØÓô’†o ¢√È®-´-J-ÈéjØ√ (bearer = ØÓô’†’ §ÒçC-
†-¢√®Ω’) ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© vü¿´uç (úø•’s) îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E Reserve
Bank of India Governor £æ…O’ ÉC.
v°æ¨¡o: What is the difference of Invention and Discovery.
dž-¢√-®·B (convention). ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ immediate past ™ ïJ-T† N≠æ-
ߪ÷-©†’ éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x simple present ™ ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰≤ƒhç.
v°æ¨¡o: No Smoking, Missing, Drinking Water, Parking ™«çöÀ v°æéπ-ô-†-©†’
-ing form™ ®√≤ƒh-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? Do not smoke here, missed ÅE ®√ߪ’-
´îª’a éπü∆! 'ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ 'missing' ÆæÈ®j† Å®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçü∆?
Drinking water èπ◊ 'F∞¡Ÿx û√í∫’-ûª’†o— ÅE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. û√Íí-F-
®Ω’†’ Drinking water ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó ´÷ô/ ®Ω÷°æç™ îÁ°æp-™‰´÷?
Å™«Íí parking Åçõ‰ à´’E
guage Å´¤-ûª’çC. India has won ņo-°æ¤púø’ past action, time not
stated Å´¤-ûª’çC.
O’ ÆæçüË£æ«ç î√™« ´’ç* ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’.
working women = ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÊÆ/ îËÆæ’h†o Æ‘Y©’
Å®·ûË walking stick Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω ÅE ®√ü¿’.
ÉC ¢√úø’-éπ™ Å™« ´îËa expression.
Printing ink Åçõ‰ printing (´·vCçîËçü¿’) èπ◊ ¢√úË ink ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC é¬F

Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω é¬-ü¿’

´·vCçîË ink ÅE ®√ü¿’ éπü∆.
ï¢√•’: Invention - ™‰E ü∆Eo Ææ%≠œdç-îªúøç – Electric bulb,
– áØ˛. Æœü¿lùg, ®√ߪ’-ü¿’®Ω_ç
walking stick
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. missed = éÓ™p-®·†
TV, Telephone
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE, Inventions Åçö«ç. missed chance = (´’†’-≠æfl©’)
ï¢√•’: Missing Åçõ‰ ûª°œp-§Ú-
– °œ.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, ïT-û√u©
Discovery - Ö†o ü∆Eo ¢Á·ü¿-ôí¬ îª÷úøôç/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ éÓ™p-®·† Å´-é¬-¨»©’.
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç. ®·† ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Correct. Å®·ûË, Ééπ\úø missing Åçõ‰ éπ†- Ééπ\úø missed, past participle.
Invention/ Discovery Columbus discov- •-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’/ ñ«úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ He missed the chance = Åûª-úø’ Å´-é¬-¨»Eo §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊Ø√oúø’.
ered America - ņ-ú≈-EéÀ missing correct ´÷-õ‰. Drinking Åçõ‰ û√í∫’-ûª’†o ÅØË Ééπ\úø missed - past simple.
Å¢Á’-J-鬆’ ¢Á·ü¿ô îª÷ÆœçC Columbus. é¬èπ◊çú≈ û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀN Éçé¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀE ´’†ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Å®Ωnç
The discovery of the law of gravitation = walking stick = stick used for walking. îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L.
¶µº÷´÷u-éπ-®Ω{ù Æœü∆l¥ç-û√Eo ¢Á·ü¿ô Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-†oC. writing table = table which we use for writing

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm