HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

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PHNG VN TRC

NGHIN CU V MNG RING O V TRIN KHAI
H THNG MNG RING O TI I TRUYN
HNH VIT NAM



Chuyn ngnh: KHOA HC MY TNH

M s: : 60.48.01

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT




H NI NM 2012


Lun vn c hon thnh ti:
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG


Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. V NGC PHN


Phn bin 1: .

Phn bin 2:

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun
vn thc s ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin
thng
Vo lc: ......gi.....ngy.......thng......nm ..............

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:
- Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh
Vin thng





1
PHN I: M U
1. L do chn ti
i truyn hnh Vit Nam (i THVN) c rt
nhiu Trung tm, c quan trc thuc, c quan thng tr,
phng vin, bin tp vin rt nhiu tnh thnh trong c
nc v nc ngoi. truy cp c vo cc trang ni
b ca i THVN phi thu mt knh ring, nhng
nhc im l n t tin, gy lng ph ti nguyn. Hn
na vi cc phng vin, bin tp vin tc nghip trong
v ngoi nc thng xuyn phi di chuyn khng th
thng xuyn truy cp c vo cc trang ni b nm
bt thng tin. V th cn phi c mt cng ngh khc p
ng c yu cu nhng tn km v thun tin hn,
l gii php mng ring o.

2
2. Mc ch nghin cu
Mc ch ca ti a ra gii php cn b,
nhn vin c th truy cp vo mng ni b v cc trang
ni b ca i THVN bng cng ngh VPN.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Mt mng VPN chuyn dng cho i truyn hnh
Vit Nam 43 Nguyn Ch Thanh, Ba nh, H Ni.
4. Phng php nghin cu
- Nghin cu ti liu.
- Kho st thc trng.
- Phn tch thng tin thu c.
- Tng hp, nh gi, xut.






3

PHN II: NI DUNG
CHNG I: KHI QUT V MNG RING O

Trong thp k qua, Internet pht trin bng n
vi tc chng mt trn ton th gii c v s lng v
v k thut. V s pht trin khng c du hiu s dng
li. S pht trin khng ch n gin l s lng ln thnh
vin mi kt ni vo h thng Internet mi gi m cn l
s xm nhp ca n vo cc kha cnh cuc sng hin i,
vo cc hot ng thng mi vi quy m ln nh khc
nhau.
Ban u, cc t chc c quan s dng Internet
gii thiu cc sn phm v dch v bng cc website ca
mnh. Cng vi thi gian, n s pht trin thnh thng
mi in t, mi hot ng kinh doanh, cc giao dch
c thc hin qua mng internet.
Cng vi s pht trin th cc vn v bo
mt, bo v cc ngun thng tin quan trng c lu trn
h thng c coi trng hn. Hn na, cng vi s pht
trin ton cu ha, chi ph b sung cho thng tin lin lc,
truyn ti d liu gia cc chi nhnh trn khp ni tng
4
cao. Ngi ta thy rng c th gim chi ph ny bng cch
s dng mng internet, t c th tng li nhun ca t
chc.
Vn pht sinh l tnh bo mt v hiu qu kinh
th ca vic truyn ti d liu quan mng trung gian cng
cng khng an ton nh Internet. gii quyt vn
ny, mt gii php a ra l mng ring o - VPN. Chnh
iu ny l ng lc cho s pht trin mnh m ca VPN
nh ngy nay.
1.1 S pht trin ca cc loi VPN
VPN khng phi l k thut mi. M hnh VPN
pht trin c khong trn 20 nm v tri qua mt s th
h tr thnh nh hin nay.
1.2 Khi nim mng ring o.
Mng ring o (VPN- Virtual Private Network) l
mng kt ni hai hay nhiu mng ring thng qua mng
cng cng (Internet) bng cch s dng cc ng hm
(tunneling) m bo s ring t v ton vn d liu.



5
1.3 Cc thnh phn c bn ca VPN
1.3.1 My ch VPN.
My ch VPN (VPN server) l thit b mng dng
chy phn mm my ch, my ch c th l my tnh
tc x l cao, dung lng ln v c ci t phn
mm my ch.
1.3.2 My khch VPN.
My khch VPN (VPN client) l thit b nm trong
mng cc b (v d nh cc my tnh nm trong cng mt
mng cc b ca mt vn phng cng ty) hoc thit b
xa (ngi dng di ng), n khi to kt ni n my ch
VPN, sau khi c xc nhn v cp php my ch s c
php truy nhp vo my ch, khi my ch v my
khch mi truyn thng vi nhau.
1.3.3 B nh tuyn VPN.
B nh tuyn (router) c vai tr to ra kt ni vi
cc nt u xa. Chc nng chnh ca b nh tuyn l
nh ng i cho gi d liu qua mng, v trong mng
chuyn mch gi i ti mt nt c rt nhiu ng nn
6
nhim v ca b nh tuyn l tm ng cho d liu n
ch mt cch nhanh nht.
1.3.4 B tp trung VPN.
B tp trung VPN (VPN concentrator) c chc
nng ging nh hub (my ch truy nhp) trong LAN
truyn thng, n dng thit lp mt VPN truy nhp t
xa c kch thc nh.
1.3.5 Cng ni VPN.
Cng ni IP (IP gateway) l thit b chuyn cc
giao thc khng phi l giao thc IP sang giao thc IP v
ngc li. Nh mng cc b c kh nng kt ni vi
mng Internet v thc hin cc giao dch da tn nn IP.
1.3.6 Tng la
Tng la l mt tm chn ngn chn s xm nhp
bt hp php t bn ngoi vo mng ni b. Tng la c
nhiu loi, mi loi c c ch hot ng ring.
1.4 Cc giao thc xy dng IP-VPN
1.4.1 IP Security
c pht trin bi IETF, IPSec l tiu chun m
truyn thng tin an ton xc nhn ngi s dng h
7
thng mng cng cng. y l giao thc hot ng lp
mng, cung cp cc dch v bo mt, nhn thc, ton vn
d liu v iu khin truy cp. N l mt tp hp cc tiu
chun m lm vic cng nhau gia cc phn thit b.
1.4.2 Giao thc ng hm im-im PPTP
c pht trin bi Microsoft, 3COM v Ascend
Communications. N c xut thay th cho IPSec.
PPTP thi hnh phn lp 2 (Data Link) trong m hnh
OSI v thng c s dng trong truyn thng tin h
iu hnh Windows.
1.4.3 Giao thc ng hm lp 2 L2TP
c pht trin bi h thng Cisco nhm thay th
IPSec. Tin thn ca n l Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F),
c pht trin truyn thng tin an ton trn mng
Internet nhng b thay th bi L2TP v LT2P c kh nng
m ha d liu tt hn v c kh nng giao tip vi
Windown. L2TP l s phi hp ca L2F) v PPTP.
8
1.5 Gii thiu mt s loi VPN
1.5.1. VPN truy cp t xa.
VPN truy nhp t xa cung cp cho cc nhn vin,
chi nhnh vn phng di ng c kh nng trao i, truy
nhp t xa vo mng ca cng ty ti mi thi im ti bt
c u c mng Internet.
1.5.2 Intranet VPN.
Intranet VPN thng c s dng kt ni cc
vn phng chi nhnh ca t chc vi mng intranet trung
tm. Trong h thng intranet khng s dng k thut VPN,
th mi site xa khi kt ni intranet trung tm phi s
dng campus router.
1.5.3 Extraner VPN.
Extranet VPN l mt loi mng ring o, nhng
khng ging nh VPN truy nhp t xa v Intranet VPN,
Extranet VPN khng b c lp vi th gii bn ngoi.
N khng ch cho php kt ni cc ngi dng trong cng
mt cng ty m cn cho php ngi dng bn ngoi (nh
cc i tc kinh doanh, khch hng, nh cung cp...) truy
nhp vo mt s ti nguyn nht nh ca cng ty.
9
1.5.4 VPN MPLS.
MPLS l thut ng vit tt ca Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (chuyn mch nhn a giao thc).
Nguyn tc c bn ca MPLS l thay i cc thit b lp 2
trong mng nh cc thit b chuyn mch thnh cc b
nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSR.
Kt lun chng
Chng I trnh by rt r v khi nim ca mng
ring o, cc thnh phn c bn ca mt h thng VPN,
gii thiu rt c th v mt s loi VPN.









10
CHNG II: THC TRNG CNG NGH
THNG TIN TI I TRUYN HNH VIT
NAM
Trong chng ny ni v lch s hnh thnh v pht
trin, c cu t chc, i ng cn b v thc trng cng
ngh thng tin ti i THVN.
2.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca i
truyn hnh Vit Nam.
- Ngy 07/09/1970 chng trnh V tuyn truyn
hnh Vit Nam u tin ca Truyn hnh Vit
Nam c pht sng th nghim thnh cng, tr thnh
Ngy Truyn thng ca i Truyn hnh Vit Nam.
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2.2 C cu t chc ca i truyn hnh Vit Nam
2.2.1 Cc t chc gip vic Tng Gim c
2.2.2 Cc t chc sn xut v pht sng chng
trnh
2.2.3 Cc t chc s nghip khc
2.2.4 Cc n v khc do i THVN thnh lp
2.3 i ng cn b ca i THVN.
i ng cn b ca i THVN gm 1 Tng gim
c, 3 Ph tng gim c, cng hng ngn cn b nhn
vin, phng vin, bin tp vin.
2.4 Mt vi nt v h tng mng CNTT ti i
THVN hin nay
2.4.1 H thng mng LAN
2.4.2 Mng Media phc v sn xut chng trnh
Ti mt s n v bin tp v sn xut trong i
trang b h thng mng Gigabit cho dng phi tuyn v lu
tr d liu Media, b lu tr c dung lng vi Tera Byte
cho mi h thng.
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2.4.3 Trung tm d liu (Data Center) ti i
THVN
Cung cp cc dch v: Web, Mail, Application
Server, FTP Server, Database Server, Storage.. phc v
cho cc h thng phn mm iu hnh tc nghip, trao
i, sn xut tin bi.
2.4.4 H thng mng WAN
Kt ni mng LAN ti 5 Trung tm Khu vc v 2
vn phng thng tr ti Ty Nguyn qua ng truyn
tc 6Mbps v H Ni.
Cc dch v c s dng ch yu trn ng
truyn ny l: Web, Mail, FTP, Video Conference, Audio
Conference..
2.4.5 ng truyn Internet
Phc v khai thc, trao i d liu qua mng ti cc
n v: Ban Thi s, Ban Truyn hnh i ngoi, Ban
Khoa gio, Ban Th thao Gii tr TTKT, Ban Truyn hnh
Dn tc, Ban Bin tp Truyn hnh Cp vi nhu cu ngy
cng gia tng. Tng dung lng bng thng ng truyn
Internet ra cng Internet quc t hin nay ch khong 10
Mbps, do hin cha m bo bng thng p ng
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cc nhu cu khai thc v s dng Internet ca cc n v
trong i.
2.4.6 Mt s knh thu ring cho truyn dn tn
hiu video
Ngoi cc ng truyn mng Inertnet, mng
WAN ra, i THVN hin ang ng dng cng ngh
truyn dn tn hiu truyn hnh trn nn IP vi mt s
knh chng trnh nh: VTV9, Sc sng mi, Bn tin Ti
chnh v ang p ng tt v vic m bo cht lng
pht sng.
2.4.7. M hnh tng quan

2.4.8 Tng th cc thnh phn ca h tng mng
v trung tm d liu

Kt lun chng
Vi i ng cn b nhn vin, phng vin, bin tp
vin tri khp mi min t nc, cng nh tc nghip ti
nc ngoi, hn na cc phng vin thng xuyn phi di
chuyn. Cng vi thc trng cng ngh thng tin ti i
truyn hnh Vit Nam cn phi xy dng mt gii php
cn b nhn vin, phng vin, bin tp vin c th truy
cp vo mng ni b v cc trang ni b ca i THVN.
14
CHNG III: CI T MNG RING O TI
I TRUYN HNH VIT NAM.

T nhu cu thc t v thc trng cng ngh thng
tin ti i THVN cn phi xy dng mt gii php
ton th cn b nhn vin, phng vin, bin tp vin c th
truy cp vo mng ni b v cc trang ni b ca i
THVN bt k u thng qua mng internet. Vi s pht
trin ca cng ngh thng tin gii php c th gii quyt
c bi ton ca i THVN l cng ngh mng ring
o. Nh gii thiu chung I c rt nhiu loi VPN
khc nhau, nhng vi m hnh ca i THVN th VPN
truy cp t xa l ph hp nht.
3.1 VPN truy cp t xa.
VPN truy nhp t xa cung cp cho cc nhn vin,
chi nhnh vn phng di ng c kh nng trao i, truy
nhp t xa vo mng ca cng ty ti mi thi im ti bt
c u c mng Internet.
3.2 Ci t VPN Server
3.2.1 H thng VPN
H thng VPN ca i THVN gm c:
15
- 02 server, trong 01 server s dng lm VPN
server, 01 server backup.
3.2.2 Cu hnh VPN Server
Sau khi ci t Routing and Remote Access, cu
hnh VPN Server, c th chy Manage Your Server, sau
click vo Manage this remote access/VPN server (Hnh
3-15). (Hoc c th click Start-> Programs->
Administrative Tools-> Routing and Remote Access).
3.3 Bo mt truy cp ni b t xa.
i THVN c rt nhiu cc chi nhnh, trung tm,
bin tp vin, phng vin thng tr trong v ngoi. Do
, kim sot, qun l, tn dng tt ngun ti nguyn,
i THVN c d liu ni b c kh nng h tr truy cp,
truy xut thng tin t xa.
Tuy nhin, vic truy xut c s d liu t xa lun
i hi cao v vn an ton, bo mt. gii quyt vn
ny, i THVN chn gii php VPN.
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3.4 Ci t VPN Client.
Chi tit cch ci t VPN cho cc my client c
th truy cp vo mng ni b v cc trang ni b ca i
THVN.
3.5 nh gi hiu qu ca VPN truy cp t xa
u im ca VPN truy cp t xa:
- Khng c thnh phn RAS v cc thnh phn
modem lin quan
- Khng cn nhn s h tr h thng do kt ni t
xa c thc hin bi ISP
- Kt ni dial-up khong cch xa c loi b, thay
vo l cc kt ni a phng. Do chi ph vn hnh
gim rt nhiu.
- V kt ni dial-up l cc b nn modem vn hnh
truyn d liu tc cao hn so vi phi truyn d liu i
xa.
-VPN cho php truy a ch trung tm (corporate
site) tt hn bi v n h tr mc thp nht truy cp dch
v bt k s ngi s dng ng thi truy cp mng tng
cao. Khi s ngi s dng trong h thng VPN tng, th
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mc d cht lng dch v c gim nhng kh nng truy
cp khng hon ton mt.
Bn cnh nhng u im ca VPN th vn tn ti
mt s khuyt im cn tn ti ca Remote Access truyn
thng:
- VPN truy nhp t xa khng m bo cht lng
ca dch v QoS.
- Kh nng mt d liu l rt cao. Thm vo , gi
tin c th b phn mnh v mt trt t
- S truyn ti thng tin ph thuc vo Internet, khi
truyn ti d liu a phng tin bng ng hm VPN
truy nhp t xa c th gy chm ng truyn.
Kt lun chng
Chng III hng dn kh chi tit v cch ci t
h thng VPN ca i THVN t ci t VPN server, ci
t VPN client, bo mt, nh gi hiu qu ca vic s
dng VPN ti i THVN.




18
PHN III: KT LUN & KIN NGH

1. Kt lun
Mng VPN a ra mt gii php kt ni cc
mng ring li vi nhau thng qua vic mt mng cng
cng bng cch s dng cc ng hm m bo s
ring t v ton vn d liu. Thay v dng kt ni phc
tp, t tin nh cc knh thu ring(leased line), VPN
to ra cc lin kt o thng qua mng cng cng kt ni
cc mng ring li vi nhau m vn m bo cc yu cu v
bo mt, kh nng truyn ti thng tin v tin cy ca
mng vi chi ph thp. Chi ph thit lp mt mng VPN
l rt r, nhng cht lng VPN ph thuc nhiu vo cht
lng mng Internet. S qu ti hay tt nghn mng c th
lm nh hng xu n cht lng truyn tin ca cc my
trong mng VPN.
Qua ti ny, em hiu su hn v cng ngh
mng ring o v nhn ra cc u, nhc im cng nh
nh gi uc hiu qu s dng ca tng loi VPN.
Vi gii php VPN ny mi cn b, nhn vin ca
i THVN c th truy cp vo cc trang ni b bt c
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u thng qua internet.
2.Kin ngh
Sau khi nghin cu v mng ring o. ti rt
hu ch cho ton th cn b nhn vin, phng vin, bin
tp vin ca i THVN. Trong thi gian ti c th c
trin khai ti i THVN.