You are on page 1of 21

M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E

Bi 1. NNG DUNG DCH


V PHNG PHP S DNG PIPETTES
Carb!"#$ra%&
- Ht ht m (100g/nhm): tri ht gel mng (0,5 cm) trn khay in!, "#y
$0
0
% trng & gi' (ki(m tra ht ht m ch)y(n m*) !anh), ch)y(n ht ht m +*
,-nh ht m.
- %/c "0: & c1i/nhm
- 2)ng 34ch H
5
67
8
59+/+: 100ml H
5
67
8
(59+/+) /nhm, 5,1ml H
5
67
8
:;m
:<c c=n "> 3?ng
- 2)ng 34ch @a7H 59A/+:100ml @a7H 59+/+/nhm, @a7H
- 6B kh1c nha) +C ch0c nDng giEa cFn :iGn t> +* cFn HhFn tIch
C'! (i)! %*+
J*n h-nh hi(n th4 0,00g.%Fn nhanh ha ch#t +Ki :L chInh !1c ca khng
M0,01g
C'! ,"'! %-."+
J*n h-nh hi(n th4 0,0000g.%Fn ha ch#t +Ki :L chInh !1c ca 3a :Lng
trng khng 0,0001g
6> 3?ng cFn :iGn t>: khi c=n cFn nhanh kh/i lNOng ha ch#t h<c 3?ng c?, nhEng
ha ch#t 3( ,ay hPi h<c ha lng ( thay :Qi kh/i lNOng +* nRng :L trng th'i gian
ngSn)
6> 3?ng cFn HhFn tIch: khi c=n ,iTt chInh !1c kh/i lNOng ha ch#t h<c 3?ng c?
- Ui#y lVc (15W15cm
5
): X t'/nhm,m?c :Ich ch)n ,4 gi#y lVc: lVc
/i,i$
- Y1c 3?ng cZa 2iethyl ether: 2iethyl ether l* 3)ng m[i hE) cP kh[ng HhFn
cBc, 3\ng :( h]a tan liHi3 ra khi m), 1000ml 2iethyl ether/nhm.
- Ui#y lVc (15 15cm
5
): & t' /nhm, m?c :Ich ch)n ,4 gi#y lVc: gi m).
- 2Fy ch^: %h^ 3\ng :( cLt,c/ :4nh m) trng gi#y lVc, _ "Oi/nhm,10 cm/"Oi
ch^.
Ni%0
-
HQn hOH 11,1 gram ch#t !c t1c 6e:`
5
67
8
:%)67
8
(the t^ lG 1:100:10):
0,1gr 6e,10gr `
5
67
8
1gr %)67
8
a c1ch cFn +* ch)n ,4: 3\ng cFn HhFn tIch
cFn 0,1 gr 6e,nh#n tare,tiTH t?c cFn 10gr `
5
67
8
tare,cFn 1gr %)67
8
- H
5
67
8
ch)n 0,1@:1000 ml.c1ch Hha 3)ng 34ch
%1ch Hha:
b %h H
5
67
8
ch)n :( Hha H
5
67
8
0,1@ (1000 ml) +* ,-nh :4nh m0c ch0a
500ml nNKc c#t, "a) : ch thm nNKc :( :t 1000ml
- @a7H 809A/+: 100 ml @a7H 809A/+/nhm, 80gr @a7H/nhm.
- Yh)/c th> aci3 ,ric
b 550ml th)/c th>/nhm,
chNPng Hh1H "> 3?ng cFn HhFn tIch :
b @/i cFn +Ki ng)Rn :iGn 550d
Trang: 1
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
b e#m HhIm 7@/7ff (1-& giFy) :( mg cFn. `hi trn m*n h-nh hi(n th4
gi1 tr4 0,0000g +* HhIa ,n tr1i cZa c1c chE "/ n*y c hiGn tIn hiG) h
,1 hiG) cFn :i Rn :4nh.
b Jg mLt ,n c>a cFn, :<t gi#y cFn m) h<c c/c cFn (j 80gram) +*
giEa :ka cFn, :ng c>a cFn li ch' cFn hiGn c1c ch> "/ +* ,1 tIn
hiG) Qn :4nh.
b e#m HhIm Yare :( trl ,- +;t cFn.
b Yhm tl tl mLt lNOng nh ch#t c=n cFn +* c/c cFn ch :Tn khi :t
kh/i lNOng c=n l#y ( 3\ng th-a :( l#y ch#t rSn,3\ng /ng ht :( l#y
ch#t lng). m( kTt n) hiGn "/ chng Qn :4nh, moi l=n thm ch#t cFn
+* c/c nn :ng c>a cFn li.
b `Tt n) th) :NOc c khng 3a :Lng M0,0001g " +Ki kh/i lNOng
c=n cFn.
b YSt cFn: ,#m +* gi> HhIm 7@/7ff (&-5 giFy) :Tn khi m*n h-nh hiGn
ch> 7ff
b pt 3Fy :iGn ra khi Q cSm +* !TH 3Fy 3n li.
- @a7H 0,05@: ml/nhm,c1ch Hha.
chNPng Hh1H Hha chT 3)ng 34ch lin n)an
- cha H
5
67
8
:NPc thBc hiGn trng tZ ht,:e gDng tay,kh) trang.
b %n th;n 3\ng HiHet, h<c /ng :ng nh l#y 5,1 ml 3)ng 34ch H
5
67
8
:;m :<c.
b mng q0ml nNKc c#t rRi ch +* c/c 550ml.
b %h tl tl tlng It mLt H
5
67
8
+* nNKc c#t.
b %h^nh li th( tIch ,rng nNKc c#t :( :t :NOc 100ml.
b %h +* ,-nh, :;y nSH li, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t, nRng :L, ng*y
th1ng, tn nhm.
- cha @a7H,:e gDng tay, kh) trang.
b %Fn nhanh 5gr @a7H +* c/c nhBa nh
b mng q0ml nNKc c#t rRi ch +* c/c 550ml
b %h tl tl tlng It mLt @a7H +la cFn :NOc +* nNKc c#t :( h]a
tan,kh)#y :C) ,rng :Za thZy tinh
b 6a) khi ch#t rSn :i h]a tan h*n t*n ,ch^nh thC tIch ,rng nNKc c#t
:( :t :NOc 100ml.
b %h +* ,-nh, :;y nSH li, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t, nRng :L, ng*y
th1ng, tn nhm
- cha @a7H :NOc thBc hiGn trng tZ ht, gDng tay, kh) trang.
b %Fn nhanh 80gr @a7H ,rng cFn :iGn t>
b mng q0ml nNKc c#t +* c/c 550ml.
b %h tl tl @a7H +* nNKc (+- nRng :L @a7H 809 khi Hha ta ra
lNOng nhiGt lKn nn khi Hha ta c=n h nhiGt trng ch;) nNKc lnh)
,kh)#y :C) ,rng :Za thZy tinh ch tan hTt.
b %h^nh li th( tIch ,rng nNKc c#t :( :t :NOc 100ml.
chNPng Hh1H Hha 550 ml th)/c th> aci3 ,ric/nhm
Trang: 2
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
b mng &ml ethanl %
5
H
5
7H.
b 2\ng cFn HhFn tIch cFn 0.XXmg Jethyl pe3 +* 1,8q5mg ermre"l
Ureen.
b H]a tan 0,XXmg Jethyl pe3 trng 1,5 ml ethanl,3\ng :Za thZy tinh
kh)#y :C) ch tan hTt ch#t rSn (1)
b H]a tan 1,8q5mg ermre"l Ureen trng 1,5 ml ethanl,3\ng :Za
thZy tinh kh)#y :C) ch tan hTt ch#t rSn (5)
b %Fn 1,5 gr aci3 ,ric, h]a tan +* 100ml nNKc c#t ch0a trng c/c
thZy tinh 550ml, l=n lNOt ch (1), (5) +* c/c.
b %h^nh th( tIch 3)ng 34ch ,rng nNKc c#t ch :Tn khi :NOc 150ml
- H
5
67
8
ch)n 0,05@:500 ml/nhm, c1ch Hha ( me gDng tay ,kh=) trang khi
thBc hiGn)
b %h)n ,4 5 ,-nh :4nh m0c 550ml +* 1 ,-nh :4nh m0c 500ml
b mng 550ml H
5
67
8
0,1@ +* ,-nh 550ml, ,-nh c]n li :ng 550ml
nNKc c#t.
b %h ,-nh nNKc c#t +* :4nh m0c 500 ml rRi ch tl tl ,-nh :Bng
H
5
67
8
c]n li +* +* lSc nhs.
- %1ch "> 3?ng
bciHette Ha"t)re
- ciHette Ha"t)re l* 3ng HiHet 3ng nh c]n gVi l* /ng nh giVt, thN'ng
c chiC) 3*i (15 +* 5& cm) +* ch0a khng 5ml 33, thN'ng "> 3?ng :( ch)y(n
mLt lNOng nh ch#t lng (1-10ml) tl mLt :R :Bng n*y "ang mLt :R :Bng kh1c
hDc mLt /ng nghiGm kh1c, :( "> 3?ng :=) tin :<t :=) /ng ht !)/ng 3NKi ,C
m<t ch#t lng, "a) : ,H Hh=n ,ng ca ") h<c Hh=n ,ng nhBa (/ng nh giVt
,rng nhBa) :( l#y lNOng 3)ng 34ch c=n "> 3?ng.
bciHette thZy tinh
YrO HiHet l* 3?ng c? Hh]ng thI nghiGm hQ trO ht 3)ng 34ch ,rng HiHet thZy
tinh, c1ch "> 3?ng: khi "> 3?ng Hhi cSm "F) :=) 3NKi cZa trO HiHet +* Hh=n
trn cZa HiHet thZy tinh, cSm :=) 3NKi cZa HiHet thZy tinh !)/ng 3NKi mBc ch#t
lng khng 5-& cm, c#) t cZa trO HiHet c mLt cn lDn nh, :( ht 3)ng 34ch
ta !ay cn lDn !)/ng, khi rt :NOc 3)ng 3ich 3)ng +Ki th( tIch c=n l#y, ta
ch)yCn HiHet thZy tinh n)a 3)ng c? 3Bng ha ch#t, !ay cn lDn hNKng ln,
3)ng 34ch "t :NOc ,Pm !)/ng.
- u) ,H ca ") c ,a +an 3\ng :( ht c1c 3)ng 34ch :Lc hi nhN aci3
mnh, ,a"e mnh, n) ,H ca ") c ,a +an v, 6, w, n) ,H ca ") c ,a +an
giH ch ngN'i "> 3?ng kh[ng tiTH !c trBc tiTH +Ki 3)ng 34ch h<c khI ,ay hPi
tl 3)ng 34ch, hn chT "B tiTH !c giEa m[i trN'ng +* 3)ng 34ch. m( "> 3?ng ta
gSn ,ng ca ") ,a chia +* HiHet thZy tinh c chia +ch, "a) : 3\ng ngn c1i
+* ngn tr #n mnh +* +an v (vir), 3\ng c1c ngn tay ,H mnh +* Hh=n
chInh cZa n) ,H :( :y kh[ng khI tl trng ra th +an v :( n) ,H nxn li,
gSn /ng ht +* :=) c)/i cZa n) ,H,nhng :=) /ng ht ng;H "F) +* ch#t
lng, yn +* +an 6 (6)ctin) :( ht ch#t lng :Tn th( tIch c=n l#y +* th +an 6
ra. yn +* +an w (wmHty) :( th 3)ng 34ch ra.
Trang: 3
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
@g)yn lz ht :Lng cZa HiHet (u) ,H ca ") c ,a +an), (,ng ca ") ,a
chia)
dan v (v{p: `h[ng khI) khi nh#n +* +an v kh[ng khI ,n trng n) ,H
ca ") "| :NOc th[ng +Ki m[i trN'ng ,n ng*i, khi ,H +* ,ng ca ")
kh[ng khI "t :NOc :y ra khi ,ng, t nn mLt 1H lBc ,n trng ,ng ca
").
dan 6 (6}%Y{7@: Ht) khi nh#n +* +an 6 m[i trN'ng c 1H lBc ,n trng
,ng th[ng +Ki m[i trN'ng 3)ng 34ch c=n l#y, :( gii Hhng 1H lBc :( l*m
cDng ,ng ca ") nhN lc :=), 3)ng 34ch :NOc ht ln the HiHet.
dan w (wJcY~: pong) khi nh#n +* +an n*y m[i trN'ng ,n trng HiHet
thZy tinh th[ng +Ki m[i trN'ng ,n ng*i, 3)ng 34ch "t :NOc th1t ra khi
HiHet thZy tinh 3 trVng lBc, kh[ng khI "t :i +* +an w :( l*m rong HiHet
thZy tinh.
b JicrHiHette
JicrHiHette l* li HiHet c :L chInh !1c ca, c th( l#y mLt th( tIch
chInh !1c nh#t :4nh, khi l#y m) c=n :<t micrHiHette thng :0ng, trn thFn
cZa micrHiHette c mLt cn !ay :( :iC) ch^nh th( tIch 3)ng 34ch c=n l#y,
mLt nt nh#n lKn +* mLt nt nh#n nh 3\ng :( , :=) tiH, :( l#y 3)ng 34ch ta
3\ng ngn c1i nh#n +* nt nh#n lKn nrm g :=) cZa micrHiHette tKi n#c th0
nh#t +* nhng HiHet tiH +* &-8 mm +* 3)ng 34ch, th nhs ngn tr :( l#y
3)ng 3ich, :( ,Pm 3)ng 34ch ra khi micrHiHette ta 3\ng ngn tr nh#n nt
nh#n lKn :Tn n#c th0 hai :( ,Pm hTt 3)ng 3ich ra khi :=) tiH (lN) z: khi
micrHiHette :ang ch0a 3)ng 34ch kh[ng :NOc trt ngNOc micrHiHette +-
3)ng 34ch "t l*m hN HiHet) khi l#y 3)ng 34ch kh1c c=n :Qi :=) tiH :( tr1nh hN
3)ng 34ch.
b Yi "a Hhi ch)n ,4 ,-nh ht m.
e-nh ht m l* 3?ng c? 3\ng :( l*m kh[ tl tl +* nhEng ch#t 3( ht m tl
kh[ng khI, 3\ng :( h nhiGt :L 3?ng c? trNKc khi cFn :( l*m tr1nh nh
hNgng cZa m[i trN'ng :Tn kh/i lNOng cZa 3?ng c?.
b Yi "a Hhi trE :iGn cBc trng `%l &J
d- 3)ng 34ch `%l &J c HH $, nn :iGn thT "inh ra g :=) :iGn cBc 0
md,:=) :iGn cBc "t tm ngNng ht :Lng, trE :iGn cBc trng 3)ng 34ch `%l
&J :( 3)y tr- t)Qi thV +* gi> m ch :=) :iGn cBc.
Trang: 4
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
BI 1. ,H 2 DUNG DCH 34
e*i t;H 1: chNPng Hh1H ch)n ,4 50ml 3)ng 34ch :Gm 0,5J km the mLt gi1 tr4
HH nh#t :4nh
2)ng 34ch :Gm @a. vcetate
v: 0,5J Hvc (! ml)
e: 0,5J @avc(y ml)
eng "/ liG) t^ lG th*nh Hh=n trng 3)ng 34ch :Gm @a. vcetate
,H 5.6 5.7 8.9 8.1 8.8 8.6 8.7 :.9 :.1 :.8 :.6
! 8_.& 88.0 81.0 &_.q &0.5 55.5 50.0 18.q 10.5 q.q 8.q
y &.$ _.0 X.0 1&.5 1X.5 58.5 &0.0 &5.5 &X.5 81.5 85.5
cha 3)ng 34ch :Gm @a.vcetate: thBc hiGn trng tZ ht, gDng tay,kh) trang.
- cha 150ml 3)ng 34ch Hvc 0,5J.Ya c=n 1,&5_ml Hvc.
%1ch Hha:
b 2\ng /ng :ng 5 ml :( l#y 1,&5_ ml Hvc "a) : ch +* /ng :ng li
550ml rRi thm nNKc c#t tl tl :Tn 150ml.
b 2\ng :Za thy tinh kh)#y :C).
b %h +* ,-nh :Bng, :;y nSH, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t, nRng :L, ng*y
th1ng, tn nhm.
- cha 500ml 3)ng 34ch @avc 0,5J. Ya c=n &,5qg @avc.
%1ch Hha:
b 2\ng c/c nhBa cFn &,5qg @avc.
b mng 100ml nNKc c#t ch +* c/c 550ml.
b ch tl tl @avc +* nNKc c#t,3\ng :Za thZy tinh kh)#y :C).
b %h^nh th( tIch 3)ng 34ch ,rng nNKc c#t ch :Tn khi :NOc 500ml.
b %h +* ,-nh :Bng, :;y nSH, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t, nRng :L, ng*y
th1ng, tn nhm.
2)ng 34ch :Gm ch"Hha"e
v: 0,5J @aH
5
c7
8
( ml)
e: 0,5J @a
5
Hc7
8
(~ ml)
eng "/ liG) t^ lG th*nh Hh=n trng 3)ng 34ch :Gm ch"Hha"e
,H :;< :;7 :;= 6;9 6;1 6;1 6;5 6;8 6;: 6;6 6;< 6;7
!
y
X&,5
_,5
X5,0
q,0
X0,0
10,0
q$,$
15,&
q5,0
15,0
q1,5
1q,5
$$,5
55,5
$&,5
5_,5
_q,5
&1,5
_5,5
&$,5
5_,5
8&,5
51,0
8X,0
,H 6;= <;9 <;1 <;1 <;5 <;8 <;: <;6 <;< <;7 <;= 7;9

y
85,0
55,0
&X,0
_1,0
&&,0
_$,0
5q,0
$5,0
5&,0
$$,0
1X,0
q1,0
1_,0
q8,0
1&,0
q$,0
10,0
X0,5
q,5
X1,5
$,0
X&,0
5,&
X8,$
Trang: 5
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
hcha 3)ng 34ch :Gm Hh"Hhate
-cha 150ml @aH
5
c7
8
0,5J c=n 8,1$g @aH
5
c7
8
%1ch Hha:
b mng 100ml nNKc c#t ch +* /ng :ng 550ml.
b %Fn 8,1$g @aH
5
c7
8
.
b %h @aH
5
c7
8
+* nNKc c#t.
b 2\ng :Za thZy tinh kh)#y :C) :Tn khi tan hTt ch#t rSn.
b %h^nh th( tIch 3)ng 34ch ,rng nNKc c#t :Tn khi :t 150ml.
b %h +* ,-nh :Bng, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t ,nRng :L, ng*y th1ng.
cha 1q0ml @a
5
Hc7
8
0,5J ta c=n 15,Xg @a
5
Hc7
8
%1ch Hha
b mng 100 ml nNKc c#t ch +* c/c.
b %Fn 15,Xg @a
5
Hc7
8
.
b %h @a
5
Hc7
8
+* nNKc c#t, kh)#y :C) ,rng :Za thZy tinh.
b %h^nh th( tIch 3)ng 34ch ,ng nNKc c#t :Tn khi :t 1q0ml.
b %h +* ,-nh :Bng, 31n nhin, ghi tn ha ch#t ,nRng :L, ng*y th1ng.
h2Ba +* ,ng "a) :( ch)n ,4 50ml 3)ng 34ch :Gm 0,5J +Ki c1c gi1 tr4 HH kh1c
nha):
@hm v , c 3 e
HH(@a.vcetate) 8.0 8.8 5.0 5.5 5._
Hvc 0,5J 81,0ml &0,5ml 18,qml 10,5ml 8,qml
@avc 0,5J X,0ml 1X,5ml &5,5ml &X,5ml 85,5ml
HH(Hh"Hhate) _.0 _.5 $.0 $.5 q.0
@aH
5
c7
8
0,5J 8&,q5ml &8,55ml 1X,5ml q,0ml 5,_5ml
@a
5
Hc7
8
0,5J _,15ml 15,$5ml &0,5ml 85ml 8$,&5ml
%1ch Hha 3)ng 34ch @a. vcetate c :L HH 5,_
- 2\ng /ng :ng li 5ml :ng l#y 8,qml 3)ng 34ch Hvc +la Hha ch +* c/c
nhBa li 50ml.
- 2\ng /ng :ng li 50ml :ng l#y 85,5ml 3)ng 34ch @avc ch +* c/c.
- 6a) : :em c/c 3)ng 34ch +la Hha :em :i ch)n :L HH ,rng HH kT.
e*i t;H 5:
1. HH$
5. HH5
&. H
b
1W10
-q
, 3)ng 34ch c tInh ,a"e (,a"e "l)tin)
8. in kTt (,n3)
5. 2)ng m[i
Trang: 6
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
_. HH h<c H7H
$. `
A
H
b
! 7H
-
1,00 ! 10
-18
g 55

%
q. HHH`ablg
10
v
-
/Hv
X. in kTt hy3rgen tRi N)
10. garit
11.
15. YNPng t1c in,lin kTt hy3r
1&. ea"e
18. 2)ng 34ch :Gm
15. %h Hrtn
1_.
1$. @h;n Hrtn
1q. H`a
1X. HG :Gm Hh"Hhate trng tT ,* (Hy3rgene chHhate)
50. HG %ar,nate trng m1) (eicar,nate)
51. 2)ng 34ch vci3
55. 1,1
5&. HH l* ch^ "/ : :L ht :Lng cZa in hy3r trng 3)ng 3ich +i +;y l* :L aci3
hay ,a"e cZa n. H`
a
l* gi1 tr4 m* g : 509HhFn t> aci3 HhFn ly ra H
b
+* v
-

+* c]n li 509 HhFn t> aci3 kh[ng HhFn ly. HH l* thNKc : nRng :L H
b
trng
khi H`
a
l* thNKc : m0c :L HhFn ly cZa aci3.
58. vci3 rmic manh hPn. vci3 manh c kh)ynh hNKng ch Hrtn 3( hPn.
cH % H@H @H
Trang: 7
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
H-nh 5.5 : %/c thZy
tinh
H-nh
5.1 : %1c li /ng :ng
H-nh
5.& : J1y : HH
Trang: 8
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
BI 5. V>T CH?T @HA @HANG BI V TCD
@E% FGH %"- !I"i)J
eng kh/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi tlng c/c.
6/ th0 tB c/c Yn thI nghiGm
`h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi
tlng c/c 2J
c/c
(gram)
1 d;t ch#t kh[ kh[ng :Qi 1q,555
5 1c :4nh tr 51,0$q
& 1c :4nh tr 55,5_5
8 1c :4nh tr &0,qqq
5 d;t ch#t kh[ kh[ng :Qi 51,$&1
_ d;t ch#t kh[ kh[ng :Qi 58,q00
eng kh/i lNOng m) trNKc khi "#y +* tr ha(5 gram).
6/ th0 tB tlng c/c `h/i lNOng m) J1
1 5,01q gram
5 5,008 gram
& 5,05& gram
8 5,055 gram
5 5,05q gram
_ 5,011 gram
Xc nh vt cht kh khng i
eng kh/i lNOng c/cbm) "a) khi "#y "a) 5 gi':
6/ th0 tB tlng c/c `h/i lNOng c/c bm) "a) khi "#y 2J
c/cbm)
1 50,&q0 gam
5 5&,5X5 gram
_ 5_,500 gram
eng kh/i lNOng c/cbm) "a) khi "#y "a) mLt :m:
6/ th0 tB tlng c/c `h/i lNOng c/c bm) "a) khi "#y 2J
c/cbm)
1 1X,&58 gram
5 55,_$5 gram
_ 55,5X5 gram
@h;n !xt: `h/i lNOng c/c bm) "a) khi "#y 5 gi' lKn hPn kh/i lNOng c/cbm)
"a) khi "#y mLt :m, ")y ra kh/i lNOng c/cbm) "a) khi "#y 5 gi' +n chNa l*
kh/i lNOng kh[ng :Ri, nn "> 3?ng kh/i lNOng c/cbm) "a) mLt :m "t :1ng tin
c;y +* chInh !1c hPn.
Cng thc xc !"nh #$t ch%t &h &hng !'(:
b `h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi cZa m) 2J
m)
2J
c/cbm)
2J
c/c
b ch=n trDm +;t ch#t kh[ kh[ng :Qi cZa m)
92J
m)
2J
m)
!100/J1(9)
%h thIch:
-J1: kh/i lNPng m) trNKc khi "#y (gr)
-J5: `h/i lNOng c/c +* m) "a) khi "#y(gr)
Trang: )
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
-2J
c/c
: `h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi cZa c/c(gr)
-2J
m)
: `h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi cZa m)
6/ th0 tB
c/c
2J
c/c
(gram)
J1 (gram)
2J
c/c bm)
(gram)
2J
m)
(gram)
92J
m)
(gram)
1 1q,555 5,01q 1X,&58 0,q5X 88,5055
5 51,$&1 5,05q 55,_$5 0,X88 8_,$$X0
_ 58,q00 5,011 55,5X5 0,$X5 &X,5&5_
@h;n !xt: 6a) khi "#y, m) +;t : :NOc li , hTt t*n ,L nNKc, ch^ c]n li +#t
ch#t kh[, 92J
m)
l* th*nh Hh=n Hh=n trDm m* +;t ch#t kh[ chiTm trng (5 gram )
m)
Xc nh tro(Ash) Tro: l sn phm sinh r s! "! tr#nh ph$n h%& ' nhi(t )
co*
- `h/i lNOng c/cbtr "a) khi n)ng 2J
c/cbtr
6/ th0 tB c/c `h/i lNOng c/cbtr "a) khi n)ng 2J
c/cbtr
(gram)
5 51,0q8
& 55,5q
8 &5,X1
Cng thc xc !"nh tr* +,-h.
b`h/i lNPng tr trng m): 2J
tr
2J
c/cbtr
- 2J
c/c
(gr)
bch=n trDm tr trng m)
92J
tr
2J
tr
!100/J1 (9)
%h thIch:
-J1: `h/i lNOng m) trNKc khi n)ng (gr)
- 2J
c/cbtr
: `h/i lNOng c/c +* tr "a) khi n)ng (gr)
- 2J
c/c
: `h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi cZa c/c (gr)
-2J
tr
: `h/i lNOng tr cZa m) (gr)
6/ th0 tB
c/c
2J
c/c
(gram)
J1 (gram)
2J
c/c btr
(gram)
2J
tr
(gram)
92J
tr
(9)
5 51,0$q 5,008 51,0q8 0,00_ 0,5XX8
& 55,5_5 5,05& 55,5$5 0,015 0,5X&5
8 &0,qqq 5,055 &0,qX$ 0,00X 0,8851
@h;n xt: 6a) ,a l=n thI nghiGm kTt n) c "B chnh lGch nh, ")y ra thI nghiGm
+n !y ra "ai "t 3n :Tn "ai "/, kh/i lNOng tr c]n li trng c/c Hh=n lKn :C) l*
ch#t +[ cP, l* "n Hhm h-nh th*nh "a) khi m=) ,4 n)ng g 550

%.
b`inh nghim: m/i +Ki thI nghiGm !1c :4nh tr(v"h) "a) khi n)ng m) trng
l] n)ng c=n ch' mLt khng th'i gian :( nhiGt :L trng l] n)ng ,rng +Ki nhiGt :L
m[i trN'ng ,n ng*i +- khi mg l] g nhiGt :L ca 3n :Tn !/c nhiGt hN c/c, nhiGt
:L ca l*m "ai kTt n) thI nghiGm m<t kh1c nhiGt :L ca nn ng)y hi(m +Ki ngN'i
"> 3?ng +* nhEng ngN'i !)ng n)anh, khi l#y c/c ra c=n tSt n)t, nhs nh*ng gSH
c/c ra +- trng c/c ch^ c]n tr r#t 3( ,ay 3=n :Tn "ai "/ kTt n) thI nghiGm.
Trang: 1/
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
CK." L* $M!I NO !G!I+
b6P :R "> 3?ng

H-nh &.1: 6P :R "> 3?ng l] n)ng
6> 3?ng l] n)ng ( l] tr ha)
b Uhim :iGn
b Jg m1y
b %*i :<t chNPng tr-nh
- yn :( :n "1ng g chT :L ait, ch^nh th'i gian ch' :Oi (khng 5
Hht).
- yn :( :n "1ng g chT :L Yime1, c*i th'i gian 1 :( m1y l*m nng :Tn
nhiGt :L c*i :<t (khng &0 Hht).
-yn :( :n "1ng g Y1, c*i :<t nhiGt :L c=n thiTt :( tr ha(550

%).
-yn :( :n "1ng g chT :L Yime5, c*i th'i gian ha tr( & gi').
b `i(m tra #n :( !em li c*i :<t g chNPng tr-nh. yn :( :n "1ng g
chT :L ait.
b@h#n 6tart :( khgi :Lng m1y.
T+i so phi s, -.ng n/0c kh, ion
@NKc kh> in l* nNKc :i kh> kh1ng, in kim li trng ng)Rn nNKc tKi m0c cBc
ti(), l* 3ng nNKc tinh khiTt c :L 3n :iGn 5 micr"iemen,c1c li in :NPc kh>
nhN "3i)m, calci)m, magne"i)m(catin"), ")late", car,n 3i!i3e @NKc kh>
in :NOc "> 3?ng trng c1c nh* m1y, Hh]ng thI nghiGm J?c :Ich "> 3?ng nhrm
Trang: 11
b
-
key
Aait Yime1 Yime5
Yime(min)
YemH
6tart
"tH
Y1
c
in
"a+e
b
-
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
kx 3*i t)Qi thV m1y mc, thiTt ,4, gim nDng lNOng "> 3?ng, l* nNKc c nRng :L
HH nh#t :4nh ( 3( 3*ng hPn trng +iGc ki(m "1t ch#t lNOng).
6> 3?ng nNKc chNa n)a kh> in trng nhEng m1y mc, thiTt ,4, 3?ng c? thN'ng
3n :Tn hN ha ch#t, kh[ng c :L HH nh#t :4nh, c1c in thN'ng ta ra m)/i kh[ng
tan l*m tSt /ng 3n nNKc, ha t/n nDng lNOng, ha ch#t, gim t)Qi thV m1y mc,
thiTt ,4, gim ch#t lNOng "n Hhm.
Trang: 12
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
Bi 8. CPCBDHQDCPTE RC NH H4 /SNG R THA
1.4M. (-."+ chFn tIch h*m lNOng !P th[ (%r)3e i,er %f) cZa mLt "/ li n),
ht.
1.NIG#T! %U.+ 2Ba +* kh nDng ha tan nhEng hOH ch#t kh[ng Hhi celll"e (nn
cell)ltic ) ,rng 3)ng 34ch aci3 ")lHh)ric +*
"3i)m hy3r!i3e.
5.T"iE% bV; $M!I .M; "Wa ."X%; JYG 2Z%
-HG th/ng HhFn tIch !P, m1y c#t nNKc, m1y
lVc nNKc, ,TH tl, m1y kh)#y tl, cFn HhFn
tIch,
-2?ng c? thI nghiGm: gi#y ,ng cFn m),
gi#y lVc, ,-nh ht m, ht "illicagel, ksH gSH
c/c "0,
-Ha ch#t: H
5
67
8
1,559 +* @a7H 1,559,
nNKc lVc, n-ctanl, acetn,
-J) "> 3?ng: u) lekima mKi chin (d
+*ng): tn tiTng Hh1H l* H)teria l)c)ma,
lekima l* mLt cFy Dn n) c ng)Rn g/c tl
3iy vn3e" cZa @am J. Ui1 tr4 3inh 3Nng
ca, c h*m lNOng ca +itamin e&, ,eta-
cariten, "St +* ch#t !P, tDng hRng c=).
gim chle"terl +* trigleciri3 H-nh 8.1 : ekima
Ng01n: 2(&(345(a
8. TiE! "!" %"- !I"i)J
-YhI nghiGm l<H li & l=n.
-J) tNPi ch)n ,4 "n trNKc khi thI nghiGm, 3\ng c/i "0 +* ch*y "0 gii
nh)y(n m)
-%Fn 1gram m) J1 (,rng gi#y ,ng cFn m)) ch +* ,-nh tam gi1c li
550ml.
- 2\ng /ng :ng thIch hOH, :ng 150ml H
5
67
8
1,559 ch + ,-nh tam gi1c
(:1nh 3#) li mBc nNKc 3)ng 34ch.
-m)n ,-nh tam gi1c trn ,TH tl 50 Hht, tInh t> lc "[i ( ch z:khi :)n kh[ng
:NOc :( ,a ,-nh chm nha)), ch^nh nhiGt :L ,an :=) g khng m0c $, khi
th#y nNKc "[i "?c nhs th- ch^nh +C m0c nh hPn, ch^ :( 3)ng 34ch "[i nhs.
- 6a) 50 Hht ,tSt ,TH, :e gDng tay l#y ,-nh ra khi ,TH, :<t ,-nh +* khay
in! c lt "n gi#y cartn. %h z: khi ,-nh thZy tinh c]n nng, t)yGt :/i
kh[ng ch ,-nh tiH !c +Ki nhEng +;t lnh nhN ,*n "0 hay chm +* nhEng
+;t thZy tinh kh1c :( yn ,-nh trng tZ ht ch ,ay hTt khi "a) : l#y
gi#y ,c :;y li.
- 2\ng m1y ht chFn kh[ng :( li , H
5
67
8
1,559
-p>a +Ki nNKc c#t & l=n, lVc hTt nNKc l#y li Hh=n m) trng gi#y lVc ch li
+* ,-nh tam gi1c ,an :=)
-Yhm 150ml @a7H 1,559 +* +* :)n trn ,TH tl 50 Hht nhN trn
Trang: 13
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
- 2\ng m1y ht chFn kh[ng :( li , @a7H 1,559
-p>a +Ki nNKc c#t & l=n, lVc li m) ,rng gi#y lVc :i :NOc !1c :4nh kh/i
lNOng kh[ng :Qi trNKc, gi m) li +* "#y :Tn kh/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi.
RK. (V!" "J N[\!I ]0 %"^
b -`h/i lNOng m) 1gram cFn ,rng cFn HhFn tIch J1
6/ th0 tB `h/i lNOng m)-J1 (gram)
1 1,010X
5 1,05_5
& 1,008$
-%[ng th0c tInh kh/i lNOng !P th[ trng m): 2J
!P th[
2J
c/cb!P th[
- 2J
c/c
(gram)
b -eng kh/i lNOng !P th[ c]n li "a) khi !> lz n)a H
5
67
8
1,559 +* @a7H
1,559
6/
th0 tB
`h/i lNOng gi#y b !P th[
2J
c/cb!P th[
(gram)
`h/i lNOng gi#y "a)
khi "#y 2J
gi#y
(gram)
`h/i lNOng !P
th[ (gram) 2J
!P
th[
1 1,q5q$ 1,q051 0,05__
5 1,q0q_ 1,$X5q 0,015q
& 1,q8q5 1,q5X_ 0,01q_
- %[ng th0c tInh Hh=n trDm h*m lNOng !P th[ ( %r)3e i,er %f)
92J
!P th[
2J
!P th[
!100/J1
b eng Hh=n trDm !P th[
6/ th0 tB ch=n trDm !P th[ 2J
!P th[
(9)
ch=n trDm !P th[ tr)ng ,-nh
(9)
1 5,_&1&
1,XX5q 5 1,8X5X
& 1,q51&
@h;n !xt: `Tt n) "a) ,a l=n thI nghiGm c "B chch lGch kh1 lKn, c th( trng n)1
tr-nh !> lI m) ,ng H
5
67
8
1,559, @a7H 1,559 +* trng n)1 tr-nh l*m thI
nghiGm :i l*m th#t th1t m).
b H
5
67
8
1,559/t

h]a tan :NOc +;t ch#t kh1ng, car,hi3rat, h]a tan liHiH, Hrtein,
hemicell)l"e
b @a7H 1,559/t

h]a tan :NOc
b Y*i liG) tham kh: %h#t !P hay ch#t !P thBc +;t (i,er) l* th*nh Hh=n kh[ng
ti) ha :NOc c ng)Rn g/c tl thBc +;t hay ch#t thi cZa :Lng +;t Dn ch#t !P, ch#t
!P :NOc chia th*nh hai li l*:
-%h#t !P kh[ng tan trng nNKc nhN -gl)can", %ell)l"e, %hitin,
hemicell)l"e", He!"ane, cent"ane, ignin, anthan.
-%h#t !P tan trng nNKc nhN fr)tan", {n)lin, cly)rni3e, cectin, vlginic
aci3"
Ng01n: 2(&(345(a
Trang: 14
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
-P th[ chZ yT) gRm cell)l"e, hemicell)l"e", lignin, Hectin, c)tin, mLt +*i
Hrtein cZa +1ch tT ,*, c1c kh1ng kh[ng tan.
2 chng ta !> lz m) n)a H
5
67
8
1,559, @a7H 1,559 +* nNKc kh> in nn Hh=n
lKn kh/i lNOng ch#t !P c]n li :C) l* ch#t !P kh[ng tan trng nNKc
H-nh 8.5 : e-nh ht m
Trang: 15
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
Bi :. /IPID+ RC NH H4 /SNG /IPID
Yha t1c +;n h*nh hG th/ng 6!hlet :( HhFn tIch liHi3:
- %h 1 lIt 3iethylether +* ,-nh c=) (tha t1c :NOc thBc hiGn trng tZ ht ).
- 2\ng ksH !TH c1c ti m) +* tr? chiTt ( ch z chiC) ca cZa c1c ti m) Hhi th#H
hPn m0c trn c\ng cZa /ng !in tr? chiTt.
- SH tr? chiTt +* ,-nh c=).
- Jg nNKc ch chy lin t?c n)a /ng "inh h*n.
- m)n nng ,-nh c=) khng 80-50

c trng khng 15 gi'.


%[ng th0c tInh:
- `h/i lNOng kh[ng :Qi cZa m) c]n li "a) khi h]a tan hTt liHi3
2J
m) c]n lai "a) HhFn tIch
2J
gi#ybm)
-2J
gi#y
(gr)
- `h/i lNOng liHi3 c trng m)
2J
liHi3
2J
J1
2J
m) c]n li "a) HhFn tIch
(gr)
- ch=n trDm liHi3: 9liHi32J
liHi3
!100/J
1
(9)
b J
1
: `h/i lNOng m) ,an :=) (gr)
b 2J
liHi3
: `h/i lNOng liHi3 (gr)
`Tt n) thI nghiGm:
eng kTt n) thI nghiGm
6/
th0
tB
m)
`h/i
lNOng
gi#y
2J
gi#y
(gr)
`h/i
lNOng
m)
2J
J1
(gr)
`h/i lNOng
gi#y +* m)
2J
gi#ybm)
`h/i lNOng
m) c]n li
"a) HhFn tIch
2J
m) c]n lai "a)
HhFn tIch
`h/i lNOng
liHi3 c
trng m)
2J
liHi3
(gr)
ch=n trDm
liHi3
9liHi3
(9)
1 1,q5&0 1,01&X 5,5q58 0,85X8 0,5q85 5$,_8q$
5 1,q&0_ 1,0805 5,5$&8 0,8_$8 0,5$5q 55,0__&
& 1,q188 1,00q0 5,51&$ 0,&XX& 0,_0q$ _0,&q_X
@h;n !xt kTt n) thI nghiGm cZa & l=n l<H li:
@g*i liHi3, trng m) c]n ch0a mLt "/ hOH ch#t kh1c nhN +itamin h]a tan trng
liHi3, "teri3, c1c "Sc t/ cZng :NOc chiTt ")#t ra. Y)y nhin, h*m lNOng c1c ch#t
n*y r#t It nn kTt n) thI nghiGm +n :NOc ch#H nh;n, iHi3 :NOc chiTt ")#t ra
:NOc gVi l* liHi3 th[. @g*i ra, "a) khi chiTt ")#t m) :NOc "#y kh[ :Tn kh/i
lNOng kh[ng :Qi nn kh/i lNOng m#t :i l* liHi3 +* nNKc nn kTt n) thI nghiGm ch^
mang tInh lz th)yTt kh[ng chInh !1c t)yGt :/i.
`inh nghiGm rt ra :NOc "a) khi kTt thc ,*i hVc:
Trang: 16
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
Y/c :L cZa n)1 tr-nh chiTt ")#t liHi3 Hh? th)Lc +*
m0c :L nghiCn nh ng)yn liG) ,an :=), 3iGn tIch
tiTH !c giEa m) +* 3)ng m[i 3iethylether c*ng lKn
th- lNOng liHi3 trng m) c*ng 3( h]a tan hPn +*
ngNOc li.
@g)yn lz h*n lN) trng hG th/ng "!hlet:
6> 3?ng 2ietyl ether l* 3)ng m[i c :L ,ay hPi ca
+* nhiGt :L "[i th#H khng 80-50

c nn khi :NOc
:)n nng trng ,-nh c=) (a) 2ietyl ether "t ,ay hPi :i
n)a /ng lKn (,) :Tn /ng "inh h*n (3) ,4 ngNng t? +*
:Vng li ti /ng chiTt ")#t :ang ch0a m) ti (e) khi
mBc 3)ng m[i 3ietyl ether ngNng t? :Tn :^nh cZa +]i
nh (c) 3)ng m[i "t :NOc h*n lN) trg +C ,-nh c=)
(a). (H-nh 5.5)
H-nh 5.5 : %#) t hG th/ng 6!hlet
cH % H@H @H
Trang: 17
,
c
3
a
e
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
H-nh5.1 %#) t tlng ,L Hh;n cZa hG th/ng "!hlet
BI 6. NITCDGEN+ RC NH H4 /SNG NIT TBNG V NH
5
S0 (_ %G`! %a %"a %K. 2^ .0 "Wa JYG.

S0 (_ %G`! %a %"a %K. ,"'! %-." N %_!I bb!I ") %"c!I @d&N%&.
T4
1599.
Trang: 18
Jg hG th/ng +[ cP ha m) (ghim :iGn +* nh#n nt anh).
%Fn 0,5 gram m) ,Lt (lekima mKi chIn + +*ng) +* /ng kel3ahl.
m<t /ng kel3ahl (50 /ng) +* hG th/ng +[ cP ha m), :;y nSH /ng.
`i(m tra :N'ng 3Fy n/i m1y +[ cP ha +Ki hG
th/ng "?c f"" +* ht :Lng cZa hG th/ng.
Yhm +* khng 5ml H
5
67
8
:;m :<c ,rng HiHet
ca"te)r +* mLt It !c t1c 6e:`
5
67
8
:%)67
8
(1/5 m)ong).
e;t m1y "?t khI f"" khi nhiGt :L m1y +[ cP ha m) :t 100

%.
`hng 50 Hht tSt m1y +[ cP ha m), m1y
"?c khI f"" +* tZ ht +n c]n ht :Lng.
eSt :=) tInh th'i gian tl khi nhiGt :L m1y tDng ln 800

%.
%Fn 0,5 gram m) ,Lt (lekima mKi chIn + +*ng) +* /ng kel3ahl.
m<t /ng kel3ahl ln kG ,rng gDng tay +i
%h &0ml aci3 ,ric +* ,-nh tam gi1c 550ml
%h)y(n m) :i +[ cP ha +* ,-nh ch0a m) cZa hG th/ng, thm &0ml @a7H 809.
#y ,-nh tam gi1c 550ml ch0a aci3 ,ric ,an :=) ra
e-nh tam gi1c :em ch)n :L ch)y(n tl m*) !anh l?c "ang m*) hRng
m<t ,-nh tam gi1c +* +4 khI th) @H
&
,ay ra
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
S0 (_ %G`! %a %"a %K. ,"'! %-." N %_!I bb!I ") %"c!I @d&$a"N %rG#e! %"c!I.
S0 (_ %G`! %a %"a %K. ,"'! %-." aJJ!ia. bU!I ") %"c!I ."[!I .X% %rG#e! %"c!I.
Trang: 1)
%h)y(n /ng :i +[ cP ha m) +* ,-nh ch0a m) cZa hG th/ng chNng c#t.
p>a hG th/ng chNng c#t :m
Jg hG th/ng /ng "inh h*n
%h 50ml aci3 ,ric +* ,-nh tam gi1c 550ml :<t +* +4
trI @H
&
,ay ra (:=) th) m) ng;H trng 3)ng 34ch).
@h#n nt m*) +*ng :( khgi :Lng hG th/ng.
HG th/ng "| tB :Lng ,Pm @a7H +* tB :Lng chNng c#t @H
&
Yh) @H
8
7H

+* ,-nh tam gi1c khng 50ml, "a) : :4nh HhFn 3)ng 34ch


,rng H
5
67
8
0,1@ :Tn khi 3)ng 34ch +la ch)y(n "ang m*) hRng.
%h 50ml aci3 ,ric +* ,-nh tam gi1c 550ml :<t +* +4 trI @H
8
7H t th*nh
Jg hG th/ng /ng "inh h*n
p>a hG th/ng chNng c#t
m4nh HhFn 3)ng 34ch ,rng 3)ng 34ch H
5
67
8
0,05@ :Tn khi
3)ng 34ch trng ,-nh tam gi1c ch)y(n "ang m*) : nF)
Yh) hRi thm khng 50ml 3)ng 34ch :NOc ngNng t? ( :Tn khi m*)
3)ng 34ch trng ,-nh tam gi1c ch)y(n h*n t*n th*nh m*) !anh
%h +* /ng `e3ahl 50ml nNKc c#t, 1ml m)
nNKc mSm (nhin hiG) @ha Yrang, hiG) ea cn "])
mVc "/ ml 3)ng 34ch H
5
67
8
trn /ng ,)ret
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
5) %[ng th0c tInh
%[ng th0c tInh h*m lNOng nitP tQng "/ trng m)
@0,0018hdH5678h100/m (9)
eng "/ liG) kh/i lNPng, th( tIch c1c ch#t +* h*m lNOng @itP tQng
6/ th0 tB m)
Yh( tIch H5678
dH5678 (ml)
`h/i lNOng m)
(gram)
H*m lNOng @itP
tQng (9)
qe1 8 0,50q 1,1
qe5 8,5 0,508 1,55
qe& 8,& 0,50$ 1,1X
J) nNKc :/i
ch0ng
0,5 5(ml) 0,05_(9)
%[ng th0c tInh h*m lNOng ammniac
@itP ammniac 0,$!(d-d)/m
Yrng : d:"/ ml H5678 0,05@ 3\ng ch)n :L m)
d : 6/ ml H5678 0,05@ 3\ng ch)n :L m) th>
eng "/ liG) m) nNKc :/i ch0ng
Yn @hm
Yh( tIch H5678 0,05@
3\ng ch)n :L m) th>
nNKc c#t
Yh( tIch tr)ng ,-nh H5678
0,05@ 3\ng ch)n :L m)
th> nNKc c#t
1 0.5_
0,55 5 0,55
& 0,1q
eng "/ liG) kh/i lNOng, th( tIch c1c ch#t "> 3?ng +* h*m lNOng @itP ammniac
6/ th0 tB m)
Yh( tIch H5678 0,05
3\ng ch)n :L m)
(ml)
`h/i lNOng m)
(ml)
H*m lNOng @itP
ammniac (9)
qe8 5,5
1
&,8q_
qe5 5,$ &,q&_
qe_ 5,& &,55_
J) nNKc :/i
ch0ng
0,55
%F) $:
a) 2\ng Jg7 t m[i trN'ng kiCm yT) Jg(7H)5 nhNng +n :m , tInh kiCm mnh
hPn @H& :( :y m)/i amni th*nh th( tB 3, @H& :NOc th) +* ,-nh ch0a "n aci3 eric
rRi ch)n :L ammniac ,rng 3)ng 34ch ch)n.
Jg7 b H57 Jg(7H)5
,) dKi H5678 0,05@ th- "/ gram @itP tNPng :NPng l* 0,000$ gram.
dKi H5678 0,1@ th- "/ gram @itP tNPng :NPng l* 0,0018 gram.
Trang: 2/
M HP: CS115 Nhm: 8E
H5678 b 5@H& (@H8)5678
c) `hi r>a hG th/ng chNng c#t :m ta Hhi ,H /ng 3n n)a ,-nh th) hRi ch#t thi +- khi
chNng c#t hPi nNKc :i n)a /ng 3n "t kx the mLt lNOng c1c ch#t nhN @H&, nT) nhiGt
:L ca n)1 "t 3n :Tn hPi nNKc ,/c ln n)1 nhanh l[i c)/n the c Jg7 +* /ng 3n,
nn trng /ng 3n "t :Vng li mLt lNOng ha ch#t nh#t :4nh, :( r>a "ch hG th/ng chNng
c#t :m Hhi ,H /ng 3n khI n)a ,-nh th) hRi :( th) hRi +* t1i "> 3?ng ha ch#t.
3) @H& ngNng t? trng thI nghiGm chNng c#t :m l* 3 khi :)ng "[i, nNKc ,ay hPi l[i
c)/n @H& the /ng 3n n)a /ng "inh h*n, l*m @H& ngNng t? rPi !)/ng ,-nh tam gi1c.
e) `hI @H& kTt hOH +Ki aci3 H5678 3N t th*nh (@H8)5678 tan trng 3)ng 34ch
5@H& bH5678 (@H8)5678
(@H8)5678 li tiTH t?c t1c 3?ng +Ki @a7H ra @H&
(@H8)5678 b 5@a7H @a5678 b H57 b 5@H&
@H& ,ay ra c\ng +Ki nNKc "ang ,-nh tam gi1c 550 ml ch0a aci3 ,ric m*) hRng ,an :=)
t1c 3?ng ngay t ra 3)ng 34ch m*) !anh (@H8)5e87$ (anh) the Hhn 0ng:
5@H& b 8H&e78 (@H8)5e87$ b 5H57
Y*i liG) tham kh:
6(* tr7nh Ha 3h8n t9ch :;( H<c C8n Th=>
6(* tr7nh Th?c t$3 S(nh ha :;( h<c C@n Th=>
6(* tr7nh S(nh ha :;( H<c C@n Th=>
htt3:AABBB>B(&(345(a>*rgA
htt3:AABBB>-C(54-har4>n4tAm*D(C4Ah0*ngCa121ADa(Eg(angEthh*a-(nhm*(nhatE
23315//1
htt3:AA5*c>450>#nAta(EC(40A54Eta(EcacE3h0*ngE3ha3E5(nhEC0*ngE3r*t4(nE52844A
Trang: 21

You might also like