ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to My Chemistry Teac

her Mr Niranjan, in providing a helping hand in this project. His valuable guida
nce, support and supervision all through this project titled Qualitative Analysis
of Coins, is responsible for attaining its present form. I also Acknowledge my p
arents for financial and moral support in this project.
EXPERIMENT
1. 20 Paisa Coin(Indian), made in 1938:
Experiment Observation Inference
Zero Group:
Coin treated with NaOH solution. No ammoniacle smell obtained. NH4+ ion
absent
Group I:
Coin treated with dil. HCL No white precipitate obtained. Pb2+,Ag2+ion abs
ent
Group II:
Coin treated with dil. HCL followed by H2S gas. No any ppt. obtained. Cu2+, As
3+ ion absent
Group III:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by NH4Cl solution. White ppt. obtained.
Al3+ ion indicated
Confirmatory test for Al3+:
Lake Test:
White ppt. obtained treated with dil. HCl then with NH4OH followed by blue
litmus.
Blue lake type substance floating on surface
Al3+ ion confirmed
Group IV:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by H2S gas.
No precipitate formed.
Co2+,Ni2+,Mn2+ and Zn2+ are absent.
Group V:
Coin treated with (NH4)2CO3 in presence of NH4Cl.
No white precipitate obtained.
Ba2+,Ca2+ and Sr2+ are absent
Group VI:
Coin treated with NH4Cl, NH4OH(in excess) and (NH4)2HPO4.
White ppt. obtained.
Mg2+ ion indicated
RESULT
Twenty Paisa Coin of India contains Aluminium(Al3+)and Magnesium(Mg2+).
2.One Cent coin(U.S.A), made in 1987:
Experiment Observation Inference
Zero Group:
Coin treated with NaOH solution. No ammoniacle smell obtained. NH4+ ion
absent
Group I:
Coin treated with dil. HCL No white precipitate obtained. Pb2+,Ag2+ion abs
ent
Group II:
Coin treated with dil. HCL followed by H2S gas Black ppt. obtained Cu2+ ion
indicated
Confirmatory test for Cu2+:
Potassium ferrocyanide test:
Black ppt. obtained treated with acetic acid and potassium
ferrocyanide solution .
A chocolate brown precipitate was
obtained.
Cu2+ ion confirmed.
Potassium Iodide test:
Black ppt. obtained treated with acetic acid
and potassium iodide solution.
A white precipitate was formed in the brown coloured solution.
Cu2+ ion confirmed.
Group III:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by NH4Cl. No ppt. obtained
Fe3+, Al3+ ion absent
Group IV:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by H2S gas.
Gelatinous white ppt. obtained Zn2+ ion indicated

Confirmatory test for Zn2+:
Sodium hydroxide test: White ppt obtained treated with sodium hydroxide
solution drop-wise. White ppt. obtained soluble in NaOH. Zn2+ ion confirm
ed
Potassium ferrocyanide test:
White ppt obtained treated with potassium ferrocyanide solution. Bluish w
hite ppt obtained Zn2+ ion confirmed
RESULT
One Cent coin of U.S.A contains Zinc (Zn2+) and Copper(Cu2+).
3.Two rupee coin(Indian), made in 2003:
Experiment Observation Inference
Zero Group:
Coin treated with NaOH solution. No ammoniacle smell obtained. NH4+ ion
absent
Group I:
Coin treated with dil. HCL No white precipitate obtained. Pb2+,Ag2+ion abs
ent
Group II:
Coin treated with dil. HCL followed by H2S gas Black ppt. obtained Cu2+ ion
indicated
Potassium ferrocyanide test:
Black ppt. obtained treated with acetic acid and potassium
ferrocyanide solution .
A chocolate brown precipitate was
obtained.
Cu2+ ion confirmed.
Potassium Iodide test:
Black ppt. obtained treated with acetic acid
and potassium iodide solution.
A white precipitate was formed in the brown coloured solution.
Cu2+ ion confirmed.
Confirmatory test for Cu2+:
Group III:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by NH4Cl. No ppt. obtained
Fe3+, Al3+ ion absent
Group IV:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by H2S gas.
Black ppt. obtained Ni2+ ion indicated

Confirmatory test for Ni2+ :
Dimethyl glyoxime test:
Black ppt. obtained treated with ammonium
hydroxide solution followed by few drops of dimethyl glyoxime.
A bright rose red precipitate was obtained.
Ni2+ ion confirmed
RESULT
Two Rupee Coin of India contains Copper (Cu2+) and Nickel (Ni2+).
4. One rupee coin(Indian), made in 2010:
Experiment Observation Inference
Zero Group:
Coin treated with NaOH solution. No ammoniacle smell obtained. NH4+ ion
absent
Group I:
Coin treated with dil. HCL No white precipitate obtained. Pb2+,Ag2+ion abs
ent
Group II:
Coin treated with dil. HCL followed by H2S gas. No any ppt. obtained. Cu2+, As
3+ ion absent
Group III:
Coin treated with NH4OH followed by NH4Cl solution. Reddish brown ppt. obtai
ned. Fe3+ ion indicated
Confirmatory test for Fe3+:
Potassium ferrocyanide test:
Reddish brown ppt. obtained treated with potassium
ferrocyanide solution. Prussian Blue colouration was obtained. Fe3+ ion confirm
ed
RESULT
Two Rupee Coin of India contains Iron(Fe3+).
RESULT
Type Country Year Ions present
Twenty Paisa Coin India 1938 Al3+, Mg2+
One Cent Coin U.S.A 1987 Cu2+ and Zn2+
Two Rupee Coin India 2003 Cu2+ and Ni2+
One Rupee coin India 2010 Fe3+