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02-01-2014, 11:50 PM
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng
ch nt
Chp nh xa phng cho teen hoc chp chn dung xa phng
lm m hu cnh l xu hng chp nh ca a s AE hin nay.
sau y l bi hng dn v cch chp nh xa phng cc AE
cng xem no
nh minh ha v xa phng
7mmF2.8
7mmF2.8 vi mt phng ly nt khc
#1
Tham gia ngy:
n t:
Bi gi:
Oct 2013
H Chnh Minh
1.095
anhem
Anh Em Cp 5
index
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
1 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
7mmF8
y l 3 tm nh em ngi chp ti ch khi vit bi ny, bng my
P&S Canon G7. Em c ghi thng s quan trng km theo l tiu
c v khu .
C 3 tm em u khng dch chuyn my, m ch thay i thng
s.
- Tm u tin chp 7mmF2.8, ta thy chai Vrohto u r, pha
sau m, mc d 2 chai t gn nhau nhng chai sau m cho thy
DOF kh mng (<10cm).
- Tm tip theo vn 7mmF2.8, nhng em thay i im ly nt
(dng ch Flexizone ca G7, my SRL c th chn im ly
nt). V kt qu l chai Vrohto sau nt, cn chai trc b m i.
Nh vy sau 2 tm nh trn ta c th thy DOF thay i theo
KHONG CCH T MY NH (THU KNH) N MT PHNG LY
NT (ngha l ch th ta mun n nt nht)
- Tm cui cng em chp 7mmF8, ta c th thy c 2 chai
VRohto u nt, chai trc nt hn, v em ly nt chai trc.
Nh vy DOF trong tm nh ny su hn so vi 2 tm nh
trn.
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
2 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
Ri, l on v d cc bc hnh dung ra c cu chuyn
y. Gi em xin i vo "chuyn mn"
DOF PH THUC VO CC YU T NO?
Ni mt cch tng qut, c 3 yu t:
1. Aperture (khu ) hay cn gi l f/stop, f-number, l
m ca ng knh. Yu t ny a phn cc bc u bit.
Khu cng ln (f-number cng nh, vd: f2.8>f4>f8>f22...)
th DOF cng mng, v ngc li. Ngha l cng cc yu t
khc, th chp F2.8 cho DOF mng hn F8. Tm nh
7mmF2.8 v 7mmF8 trn kia l v d r rng: F2.8 DOF
mng hn, F8 DOF su hn.
ng dng: mun ly nt mng hn (xa phng) ta m khu
rng ra (F2, 2.8,4). Mun gn nh tt c u nt ta khp
khu li (F11,16)
2. Khong cch n mt phng ly nt. Cng gn th DOF
cng mng.
Em xin ni thm 1 cht v ci mt phng ly nt ny, n
dn ra kh nhiu khi nim, nhng cng n gin thi. Mt
phng ly nt k hiu l POF (plain of focus), l mt phng
m trn mt phng nh l nt nht. i xa dn v 2 pha
(gn ngi chp hn v xa ngi chp hn) nh vn nt
trong mt tm m mt ta "chp nhn", m dn n khi ta
thy n "ht nt gi". Gn nht m ta cn chp nhn k
hiu l Dn (near), xa nht k hiu l Df (far), nh vy DOF
= Df-Dn. Vy ci t "chp nhn" ni ln iu g? Cn ty
vo mt ngi xem, ngha l Df v Dn cn ph thuc vo
nh gi ca ngi xem nh, c ngi bo th l chp
nhn, c ngi bo "th m my ku l nt". Nhng tt
nhin khng v th m khng c "chun". Em s bn thm
v v ny sau, n hi ri t, ni lun 1 ln s cc bc "tu
ha", hihihi.
Kt lun ta ng dng cho yu t ch 2 ny l: Mun DOF
mng hn, mi tin li gn mt phng ly nt hn (hoc ly
nt mt phng khc gn mnh hn nh, khng phi lc
no cng buc phi l "zoom chn" u , ging trn 2
tm nh cng 7mmF2.8 em ly nt 2 chai Vrohto khc
nhau , em c dch my nh i u, vn thay i DOF), v
tt nhin, ngc li.
Ni n y bc em nh em ch i st go mai lm bnh,
lt v em vit tip nh. Ci ny cn di, khng vit lun
mt lc c u ^^
3. Tiu c ng knh
ng tiu c cng di, cho DOF cng mng.
Ngha l vi cng cc yu t khc, ng 80mm s cho DOF
mng hn ng 50mm. C ngi cho rng tiu c khng nh
hng n DOF , ch thay
i gc nhn, v cho rng yu t th 3 l Format size, tc l
kch thc phim/sensor: FF cho DOF mng hn Crop 1.3,
Four Third, v.v...
Nhng thc ra, Format Size ch nh hng n COC (hay
COF: Circle of Confusion), em tm dch l vng trn mt nt
(d, mt nt ch khng phi mt nt u ). Ni n
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
3 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
y em cp tip n ci v Dn Df trn:
1 im nh trn POF (mt phng ly nt) s to 1 im nh
trn phim/sensor, i xa dn mt phng ly nt th ta trng
vn nt nhng thc ra lc 1 im nh ti vng khng
to 1 im trn film/sensor, m to thnh 1 vng trn,
vng trn ny nh mt ta khng phn bit r nt
lm, v vn thy nt, cho n khi n ch "khng chp
nhn" th gi l Dn, Df. Ti Dn, Df vng trn c ng
knh bng vi vng trn mt nt, nhm, mt nt (COC,
COF), ra ngoi vng Df-Dn th thi khi bn, mt nt trm
trng .
Vy COC chp nhn c c ng knh l bao nhiu? Cu
tr li l n thay i theo tng Format Size, in nh to bao
nhiu, ng cch bao xa ngm tm nh , "mt ng tt
hng?". By gi em ch xt n Format size, vi kch thc
nh v im t mt c ly chun l 8x10in, t mt
cch 25cm, mt tt (khng b tt nh):
FF 35mm: COC = 0.03mm
Crop 1.6: COC = 0.019mm (cc bc ch 0.03/1.6=0.019)
G7 crop 4.8 (Four Third): COC = 0.006mm (tng t:
0.03/4.8=0.006)
Ti sao COC ca Format size ln hn li ln hn? Nguyn
nhn l khi xem nh ngi ta phng nh ln mt mc
no vd nh ly chun 8x10in nh trn, th ci vng
trn mt nt trn sensor n ln ln theo, format size cng
nh cng phi phng t l ln hn, nh hn 1.6 ln th
phng to ln 1.6 ln, nh hn 4.8 ln th phng to hn 4.8
ln, cho nn mi c ci t l COC nh trn.
Ni n y cc bc s thy l trn FF COC=0.03, to hn
trn Crop, ng ngha vi Dn, Df ly di ra hn, DOF theo
m cng dy hn. Vy nu em gn ci ng 50mm ln FF
v ln Crop, cc iu kin khc nh nhau, th DOF ca Crop
s mng hn. Th no cng c bc bn em v cu
pht biu ny. Nhng xin khoan cho em ni nt, ci ng
50mm trn FF n l 50mm, cn trn Crop 1.6 n tng
ng 80mm. Th nn khng so kiu c, em phi lp
ci 80mm ln FF v 50mm ln Crop 1.6 v so, kt qu l
thng FF n cho DOF mng hn (hehe, nhng m nu em
lp ci 80mm qua ci Crop 1.6 th em li xa phng tt
hn trn FF nhen ^^). Vy iu g khin my FF vn
thch hp hn cho chp Portrait, hehe, em ngh khng phi
do FF xa phng tt hn, em ch c kin l vi ci ng
80mm trn FF em ng cch 8m ly ton thn chng
hn, th lp trn Crop 1.6 em phi ng cch 12.8m em mi
ly c ton thn, lc em ht tong ln mu mi nghe,
bt tin pht. Cn li em xin cc pro portrait phn xt.
Trc khi tip tc ta kt lun ci ng dng yu t ny ci
: Bt lun l trn FF hay Crop hay Format Size no i
na, tiu c thc t (khng phi tng ng) ln hn s
cho DOF mng hn, v ngc li. Cn tnh bng tiu c
tng ng th vi cng tiu c (tng ng), Format
Size ln hn cho DOF mng hn (80mm trn FF cho DOF
mng hn 50mm (~80mm) trn Crop 1.6).
Ri, n y ta c th gii thch c kh nhiu cu hi,
chng hn nh:
Ti sao trn my P&S rt kh xa phng, mc d khu
ln F2.8 chng hn?"
- n gin v tiu c thc ng P&S thng rt ngn (nh
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
4 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
ci G7 ca em l 7.4-44.4mm), tiu c ngn tt cho ra DOF
dy. Mun xa phng trn G7 em phi kt hp: khu ln
nht c th, ly nt gn (gim khong cch t ng knh n
mt phng ly nt bng cch a my n gn im ly nt
hn, hoc chn im ly nt khc gn ng knh hn), ko
tiu c ra cng xa cng tt (tic l n li lm em gim t
F2.8 ln F5.6, hu tin ^^). Th cho nn thng cm P&S
chp Macro th xa phng c, ch chp chn dung th
mission impossible
Ln sa cui bi anhem; 03-01-2014 lc 12:14 AM
Tr li vi trch dn
02-01-2014, 11:59 PM
Hng dn cch xa phng l m hu cnh cho nh bng
photosoft
Nh anh ch em cng bit , tnh hnh l anh em m lan nhng
khng phi ai cng c th sm sa cho mnh 1 con DSLR (Digital
Single Lens Reflex hay cn gi l "My nh c k thut s". Dng
my nh ny s dng nhng k thut c hc tng ng vi
my nh c SLR im duy nht khc bit l h thng x l hnh
nh s rt phc tp thay th cho phim c in. (st)) cho mnh , v
vy da vo tng ca bc Phng Trung xin php lp 1 topic
hng dn anh ch em ( ACE ) cch s dng Photoshop sao cho c
th lm thay th mt phn DSLR m my nh t ng thng
thng ca anh ch em kh lm c , nh l xa , lm m hu
cnh , lm sc nt hnh nh , to tng phn cao ...
- Nu c thc mc anh em c vic post comment vo topic ny
Trung v mt s anh ch em bit dng photoshop khc s tn tnh
hng dn trong kh nng ca mnh .
Chc tt c cc anh ch em dng my KTS t ng s c nhng
bc nh p tng ng 8/10 vi DSLR .
* M u Trung s hng dn v cch ct tch hu cnh v vt
th trc v lm tng phn cho cnh hoa , v d trn mt bc
nh hoa lan Cattleya .
Hnh nh trc khi lm :
#2
Tham gia ngy:
n t:
Bi gi:
Oct 2013
H Chnh Minh
1.095
anhem
Anh Em Cp 5
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
5 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
Hnh nh sau khi lm :
Lm m hu cnh
To tng phn v sc nt cnh hoa
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
6 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
Cch lm :
- Bc u tin l bn phi ci Photoshop trc vo my tnh bn
ci !
1. M file nh cn lm ( y ti m file hoa Lan )
- y ti s hng dn cch tch nh v hu cnh bng cng c
Path , c nhiu cch lm nhng ti chn cng c Path l do n
d hiu chnh v ch ng hn nhng nt nh mn so vi cc
cng c khc .
- Chn m phn Path cho hin th ra box cho d quan st , vo
mc Window/Path ---> xut hin hp c hin th Path .
2. M phn Tool , click chn cng c Pen Tool ( hoc phm tt P )
- Sau khi chn cng c Path th con tr chut ca bn i thnh
hnh ngi vit , bn bt u vic ct chn tch nh bng cch
click vo im bt u xong n im k tip v c ln lt nh
th khi n im u tin th click dnh vo im u kt
thc vic v path . khi v path c th c nhng im l ng
cong bn click chut vo im cong gia v r nh chut n s ra
ng cong i xng v bn chnh cho n theo ng vin ngoi
ca hoa . to nt gy bn nhn thm t hp phm Alt + click .
- Sau khi chn ng tch xong ta s c 1 hnh nh ng vin
trn nh hoa v hp path nh hnh sau :
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
7 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
- thay i n thnh ng nhp nhy ta c th lm nh sau
nhn t hp phm Ctrl + click ( click vo ci path trn box ) , trn
mn hnh nh hoa n s xut hin ng nhp nhy t khc nh
hnh di . Thng th sau khi click n s chn khu vc mu trng
hin th trn box path
Khi bt u lm ta nn copy thm 1 layer na c ci so snh .
cng vo Window/layer ( bt ci layer ln ) , click vo phn layer
ca box bn phi , ta s thy hin th ci nh c ch Background ,
click chut phi vo xut hin hp thoi / chn Duplicate Layer
/ OK s to thm 1 layer mi .
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
8 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
* trn Layer mi ny ta bt u lm cho phn hu cnh m i
nh sau :
- Vo Filter chon / Blur / Gaussian Blur... xut hin hp thoi
thng s , y bn c th chn thng s ( l lm m nh ) t
1 v n vi ngn ( con s cng ln th n s lm tan chy ht
nh hu cnh thnh 1 mu ch o ca hu cnh ) , y ti ch
chn con s nh t 1 n 10 gi li 1 cht nt ca hu cnh .
C th l ti chon n ( Radius) = 8
* Mt cch x l cho hu cnh pha sau na l Lens Blur , cng
dng nh chc nng my KTS c gn ng Lens khi chp , nn
nhn s trung thc hn chh trn lm bng th cng ( nhng anh
em no quen th lm th cng vn hay v c th chnh c nhiu
thng s hn .)
Vo Filter/Blur/Lens/Blur... y l nh dng filter Lens Blur
Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
9 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30
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Hng dn chp nh Xa phng lm m hu cnh v khng ch nt http://www.anhem.vn/threads/1964-Huong-dan-chup-anh-Xoa-ph...
10 of 10 2014/09/25 8:30