Hng dn thc hnh -

Hng
Hng
Dn Thc Hnh
Dn Thc Hnh
Chng:
Chng:
Linux
Linux
C
C
Bn
Bn
Hng dn:
Bi tp thc hnh da trn gio trnh: Co!pT"# Linux $%u& C'rti(ication
)tud* +uid'
Bi tp thc hnh ,-c chia th'o %! nhi.u /odu%'
/0i /odu%' ,-c thi1t 21 cho th3i %-ng 4 ti1t thc hnh t5i %p 6i &
hng dn c7a ging 6in8
T9* th'o &: ti1t ph;n <=> !0i tu?n h@c cA thB thc hiCn nhi.u /odu%'8
)inh 6in phi %! tDt c cc <i tp trong cc /odu%' E tu?n tng Fng8
GhHng &inh 6in cha hIan tDt ph?n <i tp t5i %p cA trch nhiC! t %!
ti1p tJc E nh8
Cc <i cA dDu KLM % cc <i tp n;ng cao dnh cho &inh 6in 2h giNi8

Module 1: Ci t H iu hnh Fedora Core (FC 10)
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
Trang PQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
S Ci ,Tt HUH V'dora Cor' KVC PWM &ong &ong 6i HUH XindoY&8 )au 2hi ci ,Tt xong> )Z cA
thB <oot ,[ng th3i \ HUH8
Bc 1. Chun b
Chun b: - )Z ci ,Tt HUH XindoY& 6o ph;n 69ng ,]a cFng C trc 2hi ci ,Tt HUH
V'dora Cor' PW> dnh P ph;n 69ng ,]a cFng d9ng ,B ci ,Tt VC K= ,]a D, dung %-ng
2hong 10GBM S P ph;n 69ng d9ng %! SWAP Kdung %-ng <^ng \ %?n _#/ ` g-i a =
,]a E M8
Yu cu phn cng:
b )Z tha! 2ho trn Y'<&it'8
b _ing ,:i 6i VC PW: cDu hnh t:i thiBu ,. d9ng ,[ h@a 6 ch5* cc Fng dJng8
b U:i 6i C$c xRd
S C$c "nt'% $'ntiu!> t:i u n1u d9ng $'ntiu! e hoTc Dua% Cor'
S _#/: \fd /B
S HDD: g +B
b U:i 6i C$c xRdhde *u c?u c7a _#/ % fP\ /B
Bc 2. C !"#
ihEi ,Ong %5i !* tjnh> cho ,]a CD KhoTc DZDM thc hiCn cc <c &au ,;* K)Z ,@c cc
hng dn trn !n hnh %kc ci ,TtM8
lci n* %! &au m
Module : C!" lnh # $ile-dire"tor%
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
S Gn! 6Hng hC th:ng c;* th !Jc trong %inux
Trang \QPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
S Gn! 6Hng b 6n dJng \ 2hi niC! c <n l!$ng %&n #'ng !( 6 l!$ng
%&n #u)*# !( +
S /Ot &: %Cnh c <n 6. (i%'bdir'ctor*
C,) #h -.c #/0ng 1nu2
&u ' : C;* th !Jc <nt ,?u <^ng dDu: ( Kroot directory)
3$ng %&n #u)*# !( 4 3$ng %&n #'ng !(
Trang 4QPR
(
<in <oot d'6 o 'tc ho!' !'dia 6ar root &<in
c&'r\ c&'rP D'&2top o
Hng dn thc hnh -
5 3$ng %&n #u)*# !( c7a !Ot tCp tin ha* th !Jc %upn <nt ,?u <Ei ( Kroot directoryM 6 ti1p
th'o &au ,A % chu0i cc th !Jc ! nA ,i xu*n qua cho ,1n 2hi ti ,jch8 TA! %5i> !Ot ,3ng
dn tu*Ct ,:i % ,3ng dn <nt ,?u <Ei ( 8
)* d+:
P8 ihi <5n ,ang ,Fng trong th !Jc #u6n#ub> th !Jc con c7a h0-7 ha* cIn cA thB nAi
h0-7 % th !Jc !r c7a #u6n#ub th ,3ng dn tu*Ct ,:i c7a c7a th !Jc #u6n#ub &s %
8h0-78#u6n#ub8
\8 U3ng dn tu*Ct ,:i c7a tCp tin 6bc %: 8h0-78#u6n#ub8D79:#0p86bc
5 3$ng %&n #'ng !( U:i 6i ,3ng dn tng ,:i th ng3i &t dJng 2hpng ,Ii hNi phi <nt
,?u tu / ! cA thB ti1p cn ,-c 6i cc th !Jc ha* tCp tin <n trong th !Jc hiCn hnh
KYor2ing dir'ctor*M8 /Ot ,3ng dn tng ,:i th3ng <nt ,?u 6i :
bTn c7a !Ot th !Jc hoTc tCp tin
b/Ot dDu 8 KdDu chD!M <iBu thv cho Yor2ing
b/Ot dDu 88 Khai chD!M <iBu thv cho th !Jc !r c7a th !Jc hiCn th3i8

P8+i &t % <5n ,ang ,Fng trong th !Jc 8h0-78#u6n#ub trong c;* th !Jc> tu ,;* th
,3ng dn D79:#0p86bc &s % ,3ng dn tng ,:i c7a tCp tin a<c8
\8Tu Qho!'Qtuantu< th ,3ng dn tng ,:i ,1n th !Jc 81b &s % ..8..81b Kth !Jc %i<
% th !Jc con c7a th !Jc !r c7a th !Jc !r c7a 8h0-78#u6n#ubM
48Tu 8h0-78#u6n#ub> n1u !u:n di chu*Bn ,1n 81b th ta d9ng %Cnh c% 6i :
U3ng dn tu*Ct ,:i :
c% 81b
U3ng dn tng ,:i:
c% ..8..81b
B 1.
M+" *"h: ihpng &t dJng giao diCn ,[ h@a> &t dung "o,,and line ,B thc
hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. (i%'b(o%d'r8
P8 Login 6o hC th:ng8 )t dJng %Cnh ,B cho <i1t u&'r hiCn t5i % gw
\8 /E t'r!ina%8
48 Login 6o Linux di qu*.n root &t dJng %Cnh &u8
e8 Cho <i1t th !Jc hiCn hnh8
f8 LiCt 2 danh &ch (i%'> (o%d'r trong th !Jc hiCn hnh
d8 T5o cDu trkc c;* th !Jc nh &au:
Trang eQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
x8 T5o (i%' ;.#2# (o%d'r #c1 cA nOi dung <i th lHng Th?!m8
R8 D'%'t' (o%d'r nc%2
g8 Cop* 4 (i%' <Dt 2y trong (o%d'r 87#c 6o (o%d'r nc%1
PW8 Cop* ton <O (o%d'r ncdP 6o "-
PP8 Di chu*Bn (i%' ;.#2# K*u c?u xM 6o th !Jc c%
P\8 Chu*Bn 6v trj th !Jc hiCn hnh 6. "d
P48 Chu*Bn 6v trj th !Jc hiCn hnh 6. Qroot
Pe8 HiBn thv nOi dung (i%' ;.#2# &t dJng %Cnh -0/7, 1799, c6#
Pf8 T5o (i%' 10g<#-7 r0ng trong th !Jc "d
Pd8 HiBn thv ng* gi3 t5o (i%' 10g<#-7 nAi trn8
Px8 U=i tn (i%' 10g<#-7 thnh 10g<#-7.#2# 6 chFa trong #c2
PR8 T5o (i%' !*h(ri'nd8txt trong th !Jc tcP chFa danh &ch tn \ &inh 6in ng[i
c5nh trong %p8 K&t dJng %Cnh cat tnh(i%'> <D! Ctr%SD ,B 21t thkc M
Pg8 Log out8 BD! zCtr%bD{ ,B thot8
./i ':
Th3ng xu*n &t dJng %Cnh pYd 6 %& ,B 2iB! tra8
CA thB &t dJng nhi.u tha! &: trong qu trnh t5o th !Jc8
Trang fQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
B 2=
M+" *"h: )t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. ,B x'! thpng tin hC
th:ng8
P8 Login 6o hC th:ng8 D9ng %Cnh &u ,B chu*Bn &ang root8
\8 Cho <i1t tn c7a hC ,i.u hnh ,ang &t dJng8
48 Cho <i1t 6'r&ion c7a 2'rn'% c7a HUH hiCn t5i
e8 Cho <i1t <ao nhiu u&'r ,ang %ogin 6o hC th:ng
f8 Cho <i1t ng* thng n|! hiCn t5i c7a hC th:ng
d8 HiBn thv %vch c7a thng hiCn t5i
x8 HiBn thv %vch c7a n|! \WWg> %vch c7a thng 4 n|! \WWg
R8 Cho <i1t ng* P thng P n|! PggW % thF !D*w
g8 HiBn thv thpng tin chi ti1t 6. u&'r hiCn t5i
PW8 )t dJng %Cnh !an ,B hiBn thv cc %Cnh ! !an pag' chFa cc tu 2hAa: (ind>
&'arch> r'ad> ho&tna!'> lconn'ct &*&t'! ca%%&m
PP8 )t dJng %Cnh apropo& ,B hiBn thv cc %Cnh cc trang chFa nOi dung %in quan ,1n
group
B >=
M+" *"h: )t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. t! 2i1! thpng tinb
(i%'8 Thi1t %p <j danh cho %Cnh8
P8 Login 6o hC th:ng8 D9ng %Cnh &u ,B chu*Bn &ang root8
\8 HiBn thv tn !* tjnh hiCn t5i
48 HiBn thv thpng tin 6. %Cnh pa&&Yd
e8 HiBn thv cc %Cnh ! !an pag' chFa cc tu 2hAa: pa&&Yd
f8 HiBn thv 6v trj c7a (i%' %Cnh> &ourc'> !anua% pag' c7a %Cnh i(con(ig> %ocat'
d8 HiBn thv th !JcQ(i%' no &s thc thi 2hi d9ng %Cn pa&&Yd
x8 T! tDt c cc (i%' cA chFa tu pa&&Yd8 Trc 2hi thc hiCn %Cnh n*> nn &t dJng
updat'd< !Ot %?n8
R8 Thi1t %p %Cnh dir % <j danh c7a %Cnh %& `%a> %Cnh ! % <j danh c7a %Cnh !2dir8 )t
dJng %Cnh ! n* ,B t5o cDu trkc th !Jc !p t E <i P8
g8 )t dJng %Cnh (ind ,B t! ton <O 6v trj (i%' !*h(ri'nd8txt tjnh tu Qroot
PW8 T5o co!!and ( % <j danh c7a %Cnh (ind> t! tu Q> t! th'o tn (i%'8 )t dJng %Cnh (
n* ,B t! 6v trj (i%' pa&&Yord8con(ig
PP8 T! nhHng hng trong nOi dung (i%' Q'tcQpa&&Yd chFa tu root8
P\8 T! 6 hiBn thv thpng tin chi ti1t cc (i%' trong Q'tc ! tn (i%' cA chFa tu con(ig
P48 T! tDt c nhHng (i%' trong hC th:ng chFa tu root8
B ?=
M+" *"h: )t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. (i%' p'r!i&&ion8
P8 Login 6o hC th:ng8 D9ng %Cnh &u ,B chu*Bn &ang root8
\8 T5o ti 2hon u&'rP 6i pa&&Yord u&'rP
48 D9ng &u ,B Login 6i ti 2hon u&'rP8 HiBn thv th !Jc %! 6iCc hiCn hnh8
Trang dQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
e8 Chu*Bn 6. th !Jc ng3i &t dJng8 LiCt 2 chi ti1t (i%'b(o%d'r cA trong th !Jc
hiCn t5i8
f8 T5o 4 th !Jc 6dP> 6d\> 6d4 trong th !Jc hiCn t5i8 D9ng %Cnh cat t5o (i%'
!onhoc8txt trong th !Jc 6dP chFa danh &ch cc !pn h@cbtn gio 6in ging
d5* K,ang h@c trong h@c 2y hiCn t5iM8
d8 U@c p'r!i&&ion& c7a (o%d'r 6dP
x8 Tha* ,=i p'r!i&&ion& c7a (o%d'r 6dP thnh dr-0r-0r-0
R8 }Aa (i%' !onhoc8txt trong th !Jc 6dP w
g8 T5o (i%' !onhocP8txt trong th !Jc 6dP 6i nOi dung <Dt 2yw
PW8 Tha* ,=i p'r!i&&ion& c7a (o%d'r 6dP thnh dr10r10r10
PP8 T5o (i%' !onhocP8txt trong th !Jc 6dP 6i nOi dung <Dt 2y
P\8 /E th! P t'r!ina%8 T5o ti 2hon u&'r\ 6i pa&&Yord u&'r\8 D9ng &u ,B Login
6i ti 2hon u&'r\8 Tu ti 2hong u&'r\> hiBn thv ,-c nOi dung th !Jc c7a
u&'rP ha* 2hpngw KQho!'Qu&'rPM
P48 D9ng %Cnh %ocat' ,B t! 6v trj (i%' !onhoc8txt8 G1u 2hpng t! thD*> h~* gii thjch
t5i &ao 6 thc hiCn %Cnh g ,B %ocat' cA thB t! thD* (i%' n*8
Pe8 Tha* ,=i p'r!i&&ion& c7a (o%d'r Qho!'Qu&'rP ,B cho php u&'r\ cA thB tru* xuDt
6o (o%d'r n*8 iiB! tra <^ng %Cnh %&8
Pf8 T5o cDu trkc th !Jc cho hC th:ng nh hnh &au Ktjnh tu &au th !Jc ho!'M
Trang xQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
Module 2: C3C &45H )6 F7&8 9 :7;8C<=;> (<<)
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
S Cc %Cnh th'o tc trn (i%'> th !Jc: (ind> %ocat'> gr'p o
S Gnbgii nn tp tin ` th !Jc> <ac2up
S Tha* ,=i ,?u ra> 6o> thpng <o %0i
B 1=
Mc ch:
b )t dJng %Cnh t! 2i1! (ind 6 %ocat'
Module ?: @aAh Bhell-Ci t ChDn ,,-EuFn trG ngHi dIng
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
Si thut Ci ,Tt ph?n !.! trn Linux: 8rp!> 8tar8g> 8tar8\> tu &ourc' cod'
SGnbgii nn tp tin ` th !Jc
Sun %a u&'rbgroup 6 ph;n qu*.n
B 1=
M+" *"h: )t dJng Ba&h )HLL8
P8 Login 6o hC th:ng8 D9ng %Cnh &u ,B chu*Bn &ang root8
\8 U@c thpng tin cc (i%' &au Kn1u t[n t5iM: Q'tcQpro(i%'> Q8pro(i%'> Q8<a&hrc>
Q8<a&hhpro(i%'> Q8%ogin> and Q8c&hrc8 Tu cc thpng tin n* xc ,vnh gi trv &h'%%
'n6iron!'nt 6aria<%'&: $#TH> path> L"G)> H/> 6 ho!'8
48 iiB! tra gi trv nAi trn <^ng cch &t dJng 'cho 6aria<%' K$#TH> path> L"G)>
H/> ho!'M8
e8 }c ,vnh &'arch path Kd9ng cho d'(au%t &h'%% t! 2i1! chng trnhM8 /E rOng
,3ng dn n* 6i (o%d'r: Q&<in 6 QttcnttPhhui
f8 Tha* ,=i dDu nhnc Kpro!ptM hiCn t5i thnh bb{
d8 Tha* ,=i dDu nhnc Kpro!ptM hiCn t5i thnh \ hng:
Don'
G'xt co!!and{
x8 Tha* ,=i dDu nhnc Kpro!ptM hiCn t5i ,B %upn hiBn thv th !Jc %! 6iCc hiCn t5i8
/E th! P t'r!ina% ,B 2iB! tra dDu nhnc cA tha* ,=i th'o ha* 2hpngw
R8 Thc hiCn tha* ,=i $_/T thnh duongdanhi'ntai{ 6 $#TH ,-c !E rOng
6i Q&<in 6 Qttcntt c: ,vnh cho tDt c cc &h'%% ,-c !E8 Thc hiCn r'&tart !* o
Linux 6 2iB! tra & tha* ,=i c7a cc thpng &: n*8
g8 T5o %Cnh ! % <j danh cho %Cnh !2dir> 6 dir cho %Cnh %& `%a8 Thi1t %p ,B cc %Cnh
<j danh n* &t dJng ,-c nga* c 2hi 2hEi ,Ong %5i !*8

PW8 Cho <i1t cc &h'%% no ,~ ,-c ci ,Tt 6 &n &ng &t dJng trn hC th:ng8Chu*Bn
qua !Ot &h'%% 2hc tu &h'%% hiCn t5i8
./i ':
Trang RQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
)t dJng cc %Cnh KhoTc <i1nM: ch&h> ch&h `%> 'cho> $#TH> $)P> Q8<a&hhpro(i%'>
Q8<a&hrc
$)Pt*p' &o!'thing
/Ot &: !~ &t dJng cho pro!pt %:
d th' dat' Kda*bo(bth'bY''2 !onth da*M
h th' ho&tna!' KYithout th' do!ainM
n &tart a n'Y %in'
u th' curr'nt u&'rna!'
Y th' Yor2ing dir'ctor*
B 2.
M+" *"h: ihpng &t dJng giao diCn ,[ h@a> &t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc
%Cnh c <n 6. (i%'b(o%d'r8
P8 iiB! tra !'nu #pp%ication&Q+a!' chFa cc thnh ph?n no8 )t dJng rp! ,B ci
,Tt gAi ph?n !.! gno!'bga!'&b\8\\8P8Pbe8(cg8i4Rd8rp!8 )au ,A t! trong !'nu
+a!'& x'! cA chng trnh !i ha* 2hpngw Ch5* tht P ha* \ chng trnh8
)au ,A r'!o6' gAi ph?n !.! n* ra 2hNi !* o8 iiB! tra trong danh &ch cc
gAi ,~ ci 6o !* &t dJng _$/ cA chFa gAi gno!'bga!'& 2hpngw )t dJng
r!p ,B r'!o6' gAi n* ra 2hNi !* o8 iiB! tra cIn cc ga!' trong !* ha*
2hpngw
\8 iiB! tra !'nu #pp%ication&Qducation chFa cc thnh ph?n no8 )t dJng rp! ,B
ci ,Tt gAi ph?n !.! 2d''dube8W84b48(cg8i4Rd8rp!8 K6i 2hAa chu*Bn bbnod'p&M
)au ,A t! trong !'nu ducation x'! cA chng trnh !i ha* 2hpngw Ch5* tht
P ha* \ chng trnh8 +ii thjch t5i &ao n1u cA chng trnh 2hpng ch5*8 )au ,A
r'!o6' gAi ph?n !.! n* ra 2hNi !* o8
48 Ci ,Tt gAi ph?n !.! tu &ourc' ohnbP8x848P8tar8g8 U@c (i%' hng dn 2! th'o
ph?n !.! Kr'ad!'> in&ta%%oM ,B &t dJng ph?n !.! n* < 2hAa 6 t! ra
pa&&Yord c7a cc ti 2hon c7a Linux8 Bi tp ,-c x'! % hon tDt 2hi thc
hiCn g@i %Cnh ohn thnh cpng Kt9* hC th:ng> t9* 6o con(ig cho ph?n !.! ohn
cA thB < ,-c pa&&Yord ha* 2hpngM8
e8 Ci ,Tt gAi ph?n !.! tu &ourc' unit&bP8xe8tar8g8 U;* % ph?n !.! tiCn jch
chu*Bn ,=i ,n 6v ,o %3ng8 }'! hng dn ,B ci ,Tt 6 &t dJng ph?n !.!
n*8
f8 Ci ,Tt ph?n !.! Yin' Kph?n !.! d9ng ,B thc thi Fng dJng /) XindoY& trn
LinuxM &t dJng *u! Kci ,Tt tu %oca% pa2ag'&M8 U@c hng dn &t dJng Yin'
2! th'o ph?n !.! ,B ch5* chng trnh putt*8'x' c7a /) XindoY&8 Chp
ph?n !.! not'pad8'x' 6o !* o Linux 6 thc thi8
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)t dJng cc %Cnh:rp! 6i 2hAa `i>b'>bbnod'p&>bq
B >.
M+" *"h: )t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. p'r!i&&ion trn u&'rb
group8
P8 T5o 4 group +P> +\ 6 +48 T5o 4 u&'r uP> u\> u4 tng Fng thuOc 4 group +P>
+\> +4 6 thi1t %p pa&&Yord tng Fng tr9ng 6i tn u&'r8
\8 Tha* ,=i group chjnh c7a u&'r u\ tu +\ thnh +48
48 Thi1t %p ,B uP thuOc th! \ group +\> +4> u\ thuOc th! group +P8 D9ng %Cnh
g ,B 2iB! tra tung ti 2hon uP> u\> u4 thuOc ,kng cc group ,~ thi1t %pw
Trang gQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
e8 T5o (o%d'r Qt'&t8 Trong (o%d'r n* cA \ (o%d'r con: t't&P> t'&t\8 Trong !0i (o%d'r
cA P (i%': t'&tP8txt 6 t'&t\8txt8 $h;n qu*.n ,B t'&tP8txt cA ch7 % uP 6 +\ &t dJng
%Cnh ch!od 6i cch ,nh &: nhv ph;n8 $h;n qu*.n ,B t'&t\8txt cA ch7 % u\ 6
+P8 iiB! tra 21t qu tung (i%' d9ng %Cnh gw
f8 iiB! tra th !Jc t'&t cA ch7 hiCn t5i % u&'r no 6 group no8w Thc hiCn tha*
,=i ch7 c7a th !Jc t'&t 6 tDt c (i%'bth !Jc trong nA % u\ 6 gP8 iiB! tra %5i
tha* ,=i n*8
d8 $h;n th! qu*.n ,B group ch7 (i%' t'&t\8txt cA thB ,@c>ghi> 'x'cut' &t dJng php
gn qu*.n trc ti1p KgrYxM8 iiB! tra <^ng %Cnh 6i ,B &ta nOi dung 6i ti
2hon uP> u\ 6 u48
x8 Thc hiCn tha* ,=i &h'%% c7a uP 6 u\ thnh no%ogin8 _'&tart Linux K<^ng
co!!and %in' 6 %ogin 6o 6i ti 2hon uP> u\ 6 u48
B ?.
M+" *"h: )t dung co!!and %in' ,B thc hiCn cc %Cnh c <n 6. p'r!i&&ion trn u&'rb
group8
P8 Trung T;! CGTT g[! \ t=: LapTrinh 6 /5ng8 /0i t= cA \ +io 6in8 T5i (i%'
(o%dd'r Qtai%i'u cA \ (i%': d'thi!ang8txt 6a d'thi%aptrinh8txt8 Thc hiCn cc *u
c?u &au:
a8 T5o th !Jc Q<ac2up> 6 chp ton <O th !Jc Qtai%i'u 6o trong th
!Jc Q<ac2up8 Tu th !Jc Q<ac2up:
i8 Thc hiCn nn (i%' d'thi!ang8txt thnh d'thi!ang8txt8g
ii8 Thc hiCn gii nn (i%' d'thi!ang8txt8g thnh
d'thi!ang8txt
iii8 Thc hiCn nn ton <O th !Jc tai%i'u tnh (%'
tai%i'u8tar8g8
<8 Tu ti 2hon root> t5o \ group LapTrinh 6 /ang8 Trong !0i group cA \
u&'r gio 6in8 T5o u&'r +ia!Doc8
c8 T5o \ (i%' d'thi!ang8txt 6a d'thi%aptrinh8txt trong (o%d'r Qtai%i'u8
d8 Cc +io 6in thuOc t= LapTrinh ,-c php x'!> &ta> xAa (i%'
d'thi%aptrinh8txt nhng 2hpng ,-c x'!> &ta (i%' d'thi!ang8txt8 Gg-c
%5i cho cc gio 6in thuOc t= /5ng8
'8 Ti 2hon +i!U:c ,-c qu*.n x'! K2hpng ,-c &taM \ (i%' ,. thi nAi
trn8
(8 /E ,[ng th3i 4 t'r!ina% 6 %ogin 6o 6i ti 2hon tng Fng: +ia!Doc>
gio 6in %p trnh> gio 6in !5ng8 Thc hiCn chnh &ta cc (i%' ,. thi
nAi trn K&t dJng 6iM ,B 2iB! tra 6iCc ph;n qu*.n8

Trang PWQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
Module J: KLt g!n thiLt -G #i &inu0M
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
S+iao ti1p giHa !* o 6 ho&t
S)t dJng %Cnh !ount
B 1=
M+" *"h: )t dJng Z!Yar' Too%& ,B h0 tr- thc hiCn trao ,=i dvch 6J giHa ho&t }$ 6
Z/ Linux8
P8 Ci ,Tt Z!Yar' Too%&8 Chk a: +hi %5i hng dn ,B 2hEi ,Ong dvch 6J 2o th
(i%'8
\8 ihEi ,Ong dvch 6J 2o th (i%'8 Tu Ho&t }$ 2o th !Ot 6i (i%' &ang D'&2top
c7a Linux 6 ng-c %5i8
B 2=
M+" *"h: Tu !* o Linux tru* xuDt ton <O = cFng C> D c7a !* ho&t K&t dJng /)
XindoY& }$M
P8 Tu Z!Yar' Yor2&tation> th! \ harddi&2 6o !* o % ,]a C 6 ,]a D8
\8 Tu Linux> t5o \ th !Jc Q!ntQdiac 6 Q!ntQdiad8 Thc hiCn !ount tng Fng \
,]a C 6 D nAi trn 6o \ th !Jc !i n*8
48 Tu Linux> thc hiCn cop* (i%' Q'tcQpa&&Yd 6o ,]a C 6 D c7a !* ho&t }$8
e8 Tu Linux> thc hiCn cop* (i%' not'pad8'x' tu !* ho&t }$ 6o !n hnh D'&2top
c7a u&'r hiCn t5i8
B >=
M+" *"h: )t dJng (o%d'r &har' c7a Z!Yar' ,B chp thpng tin tu !* ho&t }$ &ang
Linux8
P8 Tu !* ho&t }$ t5o \ (o%d'r d:t'!pttcntthpu<%ic 6 d:t'!pttcntthdoc8 T5o (i%'
6idu8doc trong c \ (o%d'r n*8
\8 Tu Z!Yar' Yor2&tation thi1t %p ,B &har' \ th !Jc n* 6i *u c?u:
a8 d:t'!pttcntthpu<%ic : r'adbYrit'
<8 d:t'!pttcntthdoc : r'adbon%*
48 Tu Linux thc hiCn !ount \ th !Jc n*8 Tu Linux> cop* (i%' Q'tcQpa!8dQgd!
6o ttcntthpu<%ic> xAa (i%' 6idu8doc c7a ttcntthpu<%ic8 Tht xAa (i%' 6idu8doc c7a
th !Jc ttcntthdoc8 Cop* (i%' 6idu8doc c7a th !Jc ttcntthdoc 6o !n hnh
D'&2top c7a u&'r hiCn t5i8 iiB! tra %5i <^ng cch !E cc (o%d'r n* trong
xp%or'r c7a ho&t }$8
B ?=
M+" *"h: )t dJng chFc n|ng !ount 6i CD_/ thpng qua (i%' ")
Trang PPQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
P8 Tu !* ho&t }$> &t dJng ph?n !.! /agic") ha* $oY'r") ,B t5o (i%'
Linuxh&o(t8") chFa cc (i%' 8 rp! ,~ ,-c chp8
\8 Tu Z!Yar' Yor2&tation thi1 %p CD_/ trN ,1n (i%' ") n*8
48 Tu Linux t5o (o%d'r Q!ntQcdro!hi&o 6 thc hiCn !ount CD_/ 6o th !Jc
n*8 Tu Linux> cop* tIan <O (i%' 8rp! tu (i%' ") 6o (o%d'r Qt!p
B @=
M+" *"h: )t dJng chFc n|ng )har' 6i )a!<a ,B co* (i%' tu ho&t }$ &ang !* o
L"Gc}8
P8 Tu !* ho&t }$ t5o (o%d'r c:Qt'!pP chFa (i%' 6idu8doc 6 thc hiCn &har' (o%d'r
n* 6i tn % t'!pP8
\8 Tu Linux> tu !'nu $%ac'&bG'tYor2> &t dJng chFc n|ng p'n Location c7a ,B
!E (o%d'r &har' t'!pP c7a !* ho&t }$8 Cop* (i%' 6idu8doc 6o !n hnh
D'&2top c7a u&'r hiCn t5i
B A=
M+" *"h: )t dJng dvch 6J ))H ,B cop* (i%' giHa ho&t }$ 6 Z/ Linux8
P8 Tu Linux 2iB! tra x'! &&hd cA ,-c 2hEi ,Ong ,B ch5* chaw G1u cha th 2hEi
,Ong dvch 6J n*8
\8 U@c ,va ch 'thW ha* 'thP c7a Linux <^ng cch d9ng %Cnh i(con(ig trong %inux8
Thc hiCn ping tu Linux quan !* ch7 }$ 6 ng-c %5i ,B 2iB! tra 21t n:i thnh
cpng8
48 Tu Ho&t }$> d9ng Xin)C$ ,B 21t n:i 6i Linux8 Thc hiCn cop* (i%'
Yordpad8'x' tu ho&t }$ 6o !n hnh D'&2top c7a Linux u&'r hiCn t5i8 Thc
hiCn cop* (i%' Q'tcQpa&&Yd 6o D'&2top c7a ho&t }p hiCn t5i8
Trang P\QPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
Module N: ;e,ote "one"t #i &inu0M
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
S_'!ot' %ogin 6i Linux
S$'r!i&&ion <it: )c"D> )+"D> )tic2* <it
B 1=
M+" *"h: _'!ot' %ogin 6o Linux
P8 Tu Linux> 2hEi ,Ong dvch 6J &&hd8
\8 Tu ho&t }$> d9ng ph?n !.! $utt* ,B r'!ot' %ogin 6o Linux 6i ti 2hon root8
48 Tu ho&t }$> ti1p tJc !E ti1p \ cta &= $utt* ,B r'!ot' %ogin 6o Linux 6i ti
2hon uP 6 u\ Kn1u Linux cha cA th t5o 6 ,Tt pa&&Yord cho \ u&'r uP> u\M8
iB tu th3i ,iB! n* ch &t dJng putt* ,B %! 6iCc 6i Linux> 2hpng %! 6iCc
trc ti1p trn !* o Linux8
e8 Tu !n hnh root> cho <i1t cc u&'r no ,ang %ogin 6o hC th:ngw
f8 Tu !n hnh root gEi thpng ,iCp cho u&'r uP 6 u\> 6 ng-c %5i8 Tu uP gEi
thpng ,iCp cho tDt c u&'r trong hC th:ng8
d8 Cho <i1t \ %Cnh gEi thpng ,iCp ,~ &t dJng ,-c %u E th !Jc now Cho <i1t
ph;n qu*.n trn \ (i%' %Cnh n* th'o u&'rbgroupboth'r8
x8 c&'r uP 2hpng !u:n <v ti1p tJc quD* r?* <Ei cc !'&&ag'8 Thc hiCn %Cnh g ,B
ng|n 2hpng nhn thpng ,iCp tu cc u&'r 2hcw
R8 Tu root gEi !ai% cho uP 6. nOi dung chun <v 2iB! tra giHa 2y8
g8 Tu r'!ot' %ogin thc hiCn &hutdoYn 6 r'&tart Linux trong \ phkt 21 ti1p8
PW8 D9ng $utt* ,B %ogin 6o 6i ti 2hon uP8 U@c cc '!ai% ,~ nhn ,-c> tr %3i
cho root 6. 6iCc ,~ nhn ,-c !ai%8
PP8 /E th! P cta &= $utt* 6 %ogin 6i ti 2hon root8 U@c tDt c cc '!ai% hiCn cA8
iiB! tra tnh tr5ng %ogin 6o hC th:ng8
B 2=
M+" *"h: )t dJng Linux th'o nhA!8 TDt c ,.u &t dJng co!!and %in' !od'8 Chk a
%> tDt c &inh 6in trong nhA! ch trao ,=i ha* hng dn qua chat ha* !ai%> 2hpng di
chu*Bn ha* nAi chu*Cn8
P8 Ch@n P !* tjnh %! &'r6'r Linux8 /Ot &inh 6in qun trv Linux &'r6'r trn P
!* K)ZPM ,Ang 6ai trI ad!in hC th:ng> \ )Z cIn %5i K)Z\> )Z4M ,Ang 6ai trI
u&'r ng[i E \ !* 2hc nhau 6 %ogin 6o hC th:ng8 D9ng %Cnh Yho ,B x'! xt
nhHng ng3i %ogin 6o hC th:ng8 L! th1 no cho <i1t cc u&'r trong hC th:ng
,ang %! g K&t dJng chng trnh gMw
\8 )ZP t5o P th !Jc K-aithiM chFa \ (i%' t'xt 6i nOi dung % ng* thng n|! &inh>
,va ch> '!ai% 6 )UT c7a !nh> &E thjch> 2h n|ng8 Thc hiCn nn th !Jc n*
thnh P (i%' tar 6 P (i%' tar8g8 T5o th !Jc 2hc K"hia0eM chFa \ (i%' n* &ao cho
cc )Z 2hc cA thB ,@c> 2hpng thB xAa8 Thpng <o Kchat ha* !ai%M cho \ )Z cIn
%5i chjnh xc tn (i%' K2hpng thpng <o 6v trj th !Jc chF (i%'M8 Cc )Z cIn %5i
t! 2i1! ,B <i1t 6v trj (o%d'r chFa cc (i%' n*8
48 )Z\ 6 )Z4 chp \ (i%' K8tar 6 8tar8gM 6. th !Jc ho!' c7a !nh> ,[ng th3i
gii nn (i%' tar8g> 6 (i%' 8tar8 U@c thpng tin c7a <5n gEi8 Tht xAa cc (i%' c7a
)ZP cA ,-c ha* 2hpngw
Trang P4QPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
e8 )ZP thc hiCn thi1t %p %5i ph;n qu*.n cho th !Jc "hia0e &ao cho )ZP hoTc
)Z\ 2hpng thB xAa ha* ,=i tn (i%' c7a (i%' 2hpng thuOc 6. !nh8 )ZP 6 )Z\ t
t5o \ (i%' thpng tin c7a !nh &6P8txt 6 &6\8txt Kd9ng cat hoTc 6iM trn (o%d'r
chiax'8 )au ,A tht xAa (i%' 2hpng phi c7a !nh8 G1u 2hpng thnh cpng th <o
cho )ZP <i1t ,B ,i.u chnh8
f8 )ZP 6 )Z\ d9ng Xordpad Kc7a XindoY& }$M t5o (i%' &6P8doc 6 &6\8doc chFa
thpng tin 6. ng* &inh> qu qun c7a !nh8 Gn (i%' 6 chp cho )Z cIn %5i8 Cc
)Z chp (i%' thpng tin c7a <5n 6. !*> d9ng Yordpad ,B ,@c (i%'8
d8 )ZP gEi thpng <o cho )Z\ )Z4 6. 6iCc qu gi3 %! <i8 Tu )ZP KrootM thc
hiCn cho )ZP 6 )Z\ %ogout8
x8 )ZP chp (i%' r8rp! tu c)B8 D9ng %Cnh ,B cho <i1t ,;* % pac2ag' gw )au ,A
chp cho )ZP8 )ZP %Cnh ,B cho <i1t ,;* % pac2ag' g> &au ,A thc hiCn ci 6
thc thi chng trnh trn &'r6'r8
R8 _oot K)ZPM !u:n cA cc <o co c7a )Z\ 6 )64 6. danh &ch cc (i%' tar trong
th !Jc Ho!' c7a !0i u&'r8 )Z\ 6 )64 t t5o \ danh &ch <o co> ,Tt tn %
<aocao8tar 6 ,B trong th !Jc ho!' c7a !nh ,B )ZP 2iB! tra8
g8 _oot K)ZPM thi1t %p &ao cho 2hi tDt c u&'r c7a hC th:ng ,|ng nhp 6o> th dDu
nhnc Kpro!ptM hiBn thv d5ng: TTCGTT ` U3ng dn hiCn t5i> ,[ng th3i ,3ng
dn !Tc ,vnh trN th! ,1n th !Jc Qttcntt K)ZP t5o th !Jc n*M> 6 t5o %Cnh
!i (( % %Cnh t! 2i1! tu th !Jc Q th'o tn (i%'8 Cc )6\> )Z4 ngoi 6iCc &t
dJng cc thi1t %p chung n*> t t9* chnh %5i dDu nhnc <^ng cch hiBn thv:
TTCGTTbtnc&'rbU3ng dn hiCn t5i> 6 ,3ng dn $#TH <= &ung th! th
!Jc TaiLi'uTTCGTT n^ng trong ho!' c7a u&'r K)inh 6in t t5oM> 6 t5o %Cnh
!i !*(( % %Cnh t! 2i1! tu th !Jc th'o tn (i%'8 Chk a %> cc thi1t %p n*
phi ,-c %u giH %5i nga* c 2hi r'&tart &'r6'r Linux8 Cc )Z r'&tart &'r6'r ,B
2iB! tra8
PW8 /0i &inh 6in t 6i1t P &cript ,Tt t5i Qt'!p> 6i tn % g'thin(orh)Zhi8&h8 )cript
n* thc hiCn cc cpng 6iCc &au> 6 ph;n qu*.n ,B tDt c !@i ng3i ,.u cA thB &t
dJng &cript n*
a8 HiCn tn ng3i 6i1t &ript
<8 HiCn tn u&'r hiCn t5i> thpng tin 6. u&'r hiCn t5i
c8 }Aa th !Jc Qt!p trong 6 t5o %5i th !Jc Qt!p8 Trc 6 &au 2hi xAa
phi hiCn thpng <o cho ng3i d9ng <i1t
d8 HiBn thv danh &ch cho <i1t cc u&'r ,ang %og in 6 ,ang %! gw
'8 H"Bn thv "$ c7a !* tjnh hiCn t5i
PP8 )Z\ ci ,Tt ph?n !.! n!ap tu (i%' rp! Kn!apbe8xdbP8i4Rd8rp!M )Z4 thc thi
chng trnh n* 6 cho <i1t nA d9ng ,B %! g8 )ZP r'!o6' ph?n !.! n* ra
2hNi !*8
P\8 )ZP hoTc )Z\ %ogin 6 d9ng qu*.n root ,B &hutdoYn hC th:ng8 Trc 2hi
&hutdoYn phi gEi thpng <o cho tDt c !@i ng3i trn hC th:ng8
Trang PeQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
Module O: EuFn &' Pro"eAAM
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
SU@c hiBu cc thpng tin 6. proc'&&
S)t dJng %Cnh: p&> p&tr''> 2i%%> 2i%%a%%> (g> <g> nic'> r'nic'> o<&
B 1=
M+" *"h: un %a proc'&&
P8 4 &inh 6in &t dJng chung P Linux &'r6'r> %ogin tu \ !* tjnh <^ng putt* Trn
!0i !* !E \ t'r!ina%> %ogin 6i u&'r ttcntt 6 &6 tng Fng8 K)ZP &t dJng
u&'rP> )Z\ &t dJng u&'r\ 6 )Z4 &t dJng u&'r4M8
\8 Cho <i1t tn %Cnh no tng Fng 6i cc proc'&& c7a u&'r hiCn t5i Kgi &t ,ang &t
dJng t'r!ina% c7a tcnttM8 Cho <i1t proc'&& no cA tr5ng thi % runa<%'> proc'&&
no cA tr5ng thi % &%''p8
48 D9ng p& hiBn thv tDt c cc proc'&& ,ang thc thi trong hC th:ng th'o d5ng ,?* ,7
thpng tin8 Cho <i1t $"D c7a %Cnh p& 6ua !i thc thiw LiCt 2 th'o !p hnh c;*
cc proc'&& t= tin c7a %Cnh p& n*8 Cho <i1t proc'&& no % g:c c7a %Cnh p& n*w
e8 Cho <i1t dvch 6J 6. <%u'tooth cA ,-c 2hEi ,Ong trn !* tjnh hiCn t5i chaw
G1u cA> cho <i1t thpng tin 6. priorit* 6 nic' c7a proc'&& n*8
f8 /E !Ot t'r!ina% !i> %ogin 6i root8 Cho <i1t cc proc'&& no 6 <ao nhiu
proc'&& ,-c thc hiCn tu ti 2hon ttcntt> root 6 &6P8
d8 Cho <i1t hC th:ng ,ang &t dJng <O nh nh th1 no: <ao nhiu _a!> &Yap Kt=ng
cOng 6 cIn dM8 Cho <i1t cc proc'&& no &t dJng nhi.u <O nhDt nhDt8
x8 LiCt 2 danh &ch cc proc'&& thuOc u&'r hiCn hnh8 T5o %Cnh ( % <j danh c7a
%Cnh (ind d9ng ,B t! th'o tn (i%' trong hC th:ng tjnh tu th !Jc g:c Q8 D9ng
%Cnh ( ,B t! (i%' ttcntt8txt8 Trong qu trnh ,ang t!> cho dung proc'&& n*8 D9ng
%Cnh 2i%% 6i &igna% )"+T_/ ,B h7* proc'&& n*8 iiB! tra <^ng %Cnh p& x'!
tht proc'&& n* cIn ho5t ,Ong ha* 2hpngw D9ng %Cnh 2i%%> 2i%%a%% ha* p2i%% ,B
dung proc'&& n* 6i &igna% now iiB! tra <^ng %Cnh p&8
R8 D9ng %Cnh 2i%% ,B h7* t'r!ina% hiCn t5i8
g8 D9ng %Cnh 2i%%a%% ,B tDt c cc <a&h &h'%% hiCn t5i8
B 2=
M+" *"h: _'!ot' %ogin 6o Linux &t dJng putt*
P8 4 &inh 6in &t dJng chung P Linux &'r6'r> %ogin tu \ !* tjnh <^ng putt*8
\8 T5o th !Jc Qttcntt 6 ph;n qu*.n ,B 4 &inh 6in cA thB x'!> xAa &ta trong th
!Jc ,A8 T5o &cript Ktn % %oop8&hM hiBn thv danh &ch cc u&'r ,ang %ogin 6o
!* tjnh> 6 cF PW gi;* th hiBn thv danh &ch n* !Ot %?n8 Lu &cript n* 6o
th !Jc nAi trn8
48 /0i thc thi &cript nAi trn8 )au ,A cho dung &cript> r[i chu*Bn %5i (or'ground8
Cho dung &cript n*> 6 chu*Bn 6. <ac2ground8 Thot %Cnh n*8 Cho <i1t cc
proc'&& ,ang thc hiCn E <ac2ground <^ng %Cnh gw
e8 /0i )Z thc hiCn g@i %Cnh %oop8&h E c;u trn n* E d5ng <ac2gound> &au ,A
chu*Bn 6. (or'ground8 /0i )Z t h7* %Cnh n* c7a )Z 2hc> th'o thF t nh
&au: )ZP h7* %Cnh %oop8&h c7a )Z\> )Z\ h7* c7a )Z4> 6 )Z4 h7* c7a )ZP8 /p
Trang PfQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
t cch h7* proc'&& %oop8&h c7a chjnh xc u&'r c?n h7*8 )au 2hi h7* xong> gEi
thpng tin ,B &inh 6in tng Fng xc nhn 6iCc h7* thnh cpng8
f8 +@i %5i &cript nAi trn 6i gi trv nic' % 48 D9ng %Cnh p& ,B 2iB! tra gi trv nic' 6
priorit* c7a proc'&& n*8 T|ng nic' tu 4 %n d8 iiB! tra %5i gi trv nic' 6 priorit*8
+i! gi trv nic' f ,n 6v8
d8 Cc )Z x'! gi3 hC th:ng hiCn t5i8 /0i )Z t5o !Ot at da'!on d9ng ,B %iCt 2:
Kdanh &ch cc proc'&& ,ang thc hiCn c7a !nhM 6 Kdanh &ch cc (i%'> th !Jc
t5i 6v trj M 6o (i%' r'port)6h}8txt t5i th !Jc Qttcntt8 )au ,A 2iB! tra %5i nOi
dung (i%' n* c7a !nh 6 cc )Z cIn %5i8 Th! !Ot at da'!on d9ng ,B t ,Ong
gEi '!ai% &au \ phkt ,1n tDt c u&'r 2hc 6i )u<'ct % l/ai% t ,Ong tu at
da'!on> 2hpng r'p%a*:mS tn &inh 6in> !'&&ag' % &E thjch c7a )6 ,A8 U@c '!ai%
c7a !nh ,B 2iB! tra cc )Z 2hc cA thc hiCn ,-c 2hpng8
x8 /0i )Z t5o !Ot cron da'!on d9ng ,B:
a8 CF P phkt %5i gEi '!ai% ,1n \ u&'r cIn 6i '!ia% )u<'ct % l/ai% t ,Ong
tu cron &'r6ic'> 2hpng r'p%a*:mS tn &inh 6in> !'&&ag' % &: ,iCn tho5i
c7a !nh8
<8 CF P gi3 %5i thc hiCn <ac2up ton <O (i%' trong th !Jc c7a !nh 6o
th !Jc Q<ac2up Kn1u cha cA th t5oM
c8 KU:i 6i rootM CF P ng* phi xAa tDt c nOi dung <n trong th !Jc Qt!p
Trang PdQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
Module Q: BH8&& BC;7P<
GOi dung 2i1n thFc thc hnh:
S HiBu 6 nn! 6Hng cDu trkc &h'%% b &cript
S)t dJng %Cnh &h'%% ` &cript ,B thc hiCn cc <i tp c|n <n ` n;ng cao
B 1=
M+" *"h :
b )t dJng !Ot &: %Cnh c <n> Fng dJng 6i1t !Ot &: &h'%%b &cript
P8 Zi1t &h'%%b&cript thc hiCn cc *u c?u &au :
b HiBn thv chu0i lU;* % chng trnh &cript &: Pm
b HiBn thv ng* thng hp! na* 6 th3i gian t5i th3i ,iB! hiCn t5i
\8 )t dJng %Cnh r'ad8 Zi1t &h'%% &cript thc hiCn *u c?u &au:
b Ghp 6o \ &: a > <8 }uDt ra 21t qu a S <> a ` <> a L <> a Q <8
48 Zi1t )cript thc hiCn *u c?u &au> &t dJng i( ` th'n
b Ghp 6o \ &: a> <8 }uDt ra 21t qu Max(a, b)> Min(a, b)
e8 Th! ,3ng dn tu*Ct ,:i TH /C chFa )h'%% )cript 6o PATH
B 2=
M+" *"h :
b Zi1t )h'%% )cript &t dJng tha! &: d5ng 8Q)cripthna!' ,:ih&:hP ,:ih&:h\ o
P8 Th! ,3ng dn tu*Ct ,:i TH /C chFa )h'%% )cript 6o PATH
\8 Zi1t )cript thc thi d5ng Sum2 a b tjnh t=ng \ &: a < Ka> < % ,:i &: cho trc 2hi thc
thi )criptM
b Zj dJ: Sum2 3 6 { i1t qu g
48 Tng t *u c?u \> 6i1t )cript thc hiCn cc php ton Tru> Gh;n> Chia \ &:8
e8 Zi1t )cript thc thi d5ng Max2 a b ,a ra 21t qu Max(a, b) 6i a, b % cc ,:i &: cho
trc 2hi thc thi )cript
b Zj dJ: /ax\ be R { i1t qu R
f8 Tng t *u c?u 4> Zi1t )cript cho /in\Ka> <M8
B >=
M+" *"h :
b )t dJng cDu trkc i(b'%i( KcDu trkc i( %[ng nhauM
P8 Zi1t )cript nhp 6o 4 &: a> <> c { Ua ra 21t qu /axKa> <> cM8
\8 Zi1t )cript nhp 6o 4 &: a> <> c { Ua ra 21t qu /inKa> <> cM8
48 Zi1t )cript thc thi d5ng 8Q/ax4 a < c { Ua ra 21t qu c7a /axKa> <> cM8
e8 Zi1t )cript thc thi d5ng 8Q/in4 a < c { Ua ra 21t qu c7a /inKa> <> cM8
Trang PxQPR
Hng dn thc hnh -
B ?=
M+" *"h :
b )t dJng 6Ing %Tp Yhi%' ` do ` don'
P8 Zi1t )cript nhp 6o P &: ngu*n n { P8 Tjnh t=ng 1 + 2 + + n8
\8 Tng t *u c?u P> nhng 6i1t th'o d5ng thc thi 8QT=ng n 6i n % &: ngu*n dng
cho trc8
48 Zi1t )cript tjnh t=ng P d~* &: nhp 6o tu <n phj!> 21t thkc <^ng &: W8
b Zj dJ: d~* nhp 6o \ b\ e b\ f W { 21t qu x

B @=
M+" *"h :
b D9ng )cript t5o c;* th !Jc 6 thc hiCn Bac2up dH %iCu
P8 Zi1t )cript t5o c;* th !Jc &au
\8 Zi1t )h'%% )cript thc hiCn :
b }Aa ton <O dH %iCu trong th !Jc /mnt
b Bac2up dH %iCu (o%d'r /root/T!!" 6o /mnt > ,Tt tn (i%' <ac2up : bac#u$%tar
Trang PRQPR
Qroot
DH CD TCCG TCG
G'tYor2 $rog