M!

ng thng tin
quang
Tr"#ng Di$u Linh
B% mn TTM- Vi$n CNTT &TT
linhtd@soict.hut.edu.vn
M&c 'ch mn h(c
! Gi)i thi$u v* cng ngh$ m!ng cp quang
! Gi)i thi$u v* cc m hnh m!ng cp
quang
! Gi)i thi$u v* cc v+n '* trong thi,t k,
m!ng cp quang
N%i dung
! Gi)i thi$u v* m!ng cp quang
! Cc ki,n trc m!ng s- d&ng cp quang
! Cc thnh ph.n c/a m!ng WDM
! Thi,t k, m!ng cp quang
! D0 phng v khi ph&c
! M!ng truy nh1p
2nh gi
! 2i3m qu trnh:30%
" Ki3m tra gi4a k5
! 2i3m cu6i k5: 70%
" H(c vin lm ti3u lu1n nghin c7u v* m%t v+n
'* v trnh by tr")c l)p

Ti li$u tham kh8o
1) Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan,
Optical Networks: A practical perspective,
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2
nd
edition, 2002.
" C th3 truy c1p online t9 th" vi$n book24x7 trong
ph!m vi tr":ng Bch Khoa
2) Wayne D. Grover, Mesh-based Survivable
Networks: Options and Strategies for Optical,
MPLS, SONET and ATM Networking, Prentice
Hall, 2003
3) Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical WDM Networks,
Springer, 2006
Ch!"ng 1: Gi#i thi$u v% m&ng thng tin quang
N%i dung
Ki,n trc m!ng truy*n thng
Cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch knh, gi
M!ng cp quang
Cp quang
Cc k; thu1t d<n knh dng trong m!ng
cp quang
Cc th, h$ m!ng cp quang
Hi$n tr!ng s- d&ng m!ng cp quang trn
th, gi)i
Cc thi,t b= trong m!ng cp quang
Ki,n trc m!ng truy*n thng





Central office = Point of Presence (PoP)
Xy d0ng cc k,t n6i > longhaul r+t '?t
v v1y k,t n6i ny th":ng '"@c xy
d0ng v)i dung l"@ng di d"
M!ng thng tin quang
! S- d&ng nh sng '3 truy*n tn hi$u trn '":ng
truy*n
" Dng cp quang '3 dAn nh sng
! Bu 'i3m
" BCng thng r%ng
" Truy*n '"@c xa v)i '% suy hao th+p
! Nh"@c 'i3m
" X- lD ph7c t!p v ch"a c b% nh) quang h(c (b% nh)
hi$n t!i l"u tn hi$u > d!ng 'i$n)
! Eng d&ng cho cc m!ng tr&c
Local
Network
Local
Traffic
Blocking
Filter
Optical
Router/
switch
Freq.
Convert
User
User
User
User
User
User
User
User
O
p
t
ic
a
l
A
m
p
User
Local
Network
Local
Traffic
Blocking
Filter
Optical
Router/
switch
Freq.
Convert
User
User
User
User
User
User
User
User
O
p
t
ic
a
l
A
m
p
User

M&ng thng tin quang
L=ch s- m!ng thng tin quang
! 1958: Laser discovered
! Mid-60s: Guided wave optics demonstrated
! 1970: Production of low-loss fibers
" Made long-distance optical transmission possible!
! 1970: invention of semiconductor laser diode
" Made optical transceivers highly refined!
! 70s-80s: Use of fiber in telephony: SONET
! Mid-80s: LANs/MANs: broadcast-and-select
architectures
! 1988: First trans-atlantic optical fiber laid
! Late-80s: EDFA (optical amplifier) developed
" Greatly alleviated distance limitations!
! Mid/late-90s: DWDM systems explode
! Late-90s: Intelligent Optical networks
H$ th6ng truy*n dAn thng tin quang
Cp quang
! Truy*n tn hi$u nh sng trong
cp
! nh sng
" mang tnh ch+t sng: ph8n xa,
tn za, nhiFu, phn c0c, suy
y,u, m+t mtG
" G<m nhi*u b")c sng
" Truy*n 'i theo h")ng thHng

! Cc ch, '% truy*n


Truy*n nh sng trong cp quang
Single-mode vs. Multi-mode
! Multi-mode (cI)
" Truy*n nhi*u tia sng
" Li l)n, ngu<n sang rJ
" NhiFu gi4a cc ch, '% truy*n
" Sinh l!i tn hi$u sau mKi 10km
" T6c '% 32-140 Mbps
! Single-mode (m)i)
" Truy*n m%t tia sng
" Li nhL, ngu<n sng '?t ti*n
" Lo!i bL nhiFu
" Sinh l!i tn hi$u sau mKi 40km
" T6c '% vi trCm Mbps
S0 pht tri3n c/a h$ th6ng cp
truy*n
Cng ngh$ d<n knh trn cp
! TDM: Electronic Time Division Mux
" 2"a xen kM cc bit c/a cc lu<ng
t6c '% th+p vo m%t lu<ng t6c '%
cao
" 10 Gbps-40Gbps
" SONET/SDH
! OTDM: Optical Time Division Mux
" Cng nguyn t?c v)i TDM nh"ng
th0c hi$n xen kM bit trong mi*n
quang h(c
" 250 Gbps
" 2ang trong th nghi$m
! WDM: Wavelength Division Mux
" Truy*n nhi*u b")c sng trn m%t
cable
! Simple WDM: t b")c sng v)i
m1t '% th"a
! Dense WDM (DWDM) nhi*u b")c
sng v)i m1t '% d.y
" S- d&ng r%ng ri trong m!ng tr&c,
'i cp d")i bi3n v d.n '"a vo
trong mang ' th=

M!ng cp quang th, h$ 1
! Tn hi$u s- d&ng trn '":ng truy*n l tn hi$u
quang h(c
" TN l$ lKi th+p
" Dung l"@ng l)n
! Chuy3n m!ch v cc ch7c nCng m!ng thng
minh '"@c x- lD trn mi!n tn hi"u #i"n
" Tn hi$u '"@c chuy3n sang d!ng 'i$n tr")c khi '"@c
x- lD
! Th":ng dng cng ngh$ d<n knh TDM
! S- d&ng r%ng ri trong cc m!ng viFn thng
! VD: SONET/SDH
M!ng cp quang th, h$ 2
! 2=nh tuy,n, chuy3n m!ch v cc ch7c nCng
m!ng thng minh '"@c th0c hi$n trong mi!n tn
hi"u quang
! Th":ng dng cng ngh$ d<n knh WDM
! Tn hi$u th":ng > m%t b")c sng t9 '.u ',n
cu6i
" c.n c m%t b")c sng rKi d(c theo '":ng truy*n #
'i*u ki$n lin t&c v* b")c sng
! 2 '"@c '"a vo s- d&ng v th":ng '"@c g(i
l Wavelength routed network hay All optical
network
S0 pht tri3n c/a m!ng quang th, h$ 2
Multipoint Network
WDM Add/Drop
Point-to-Point WDM
Line System
Optical Cross-Connect
WDM Networking
OXC
!
i
WDM
ADM
WDM
ADM
!
k
!
1
!
2
!
#
!
1
!
2
!
#
V d& m!ng WDM
Cc thnh ph.n c/a m!ng thu.n
ty quang
" Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
! Chuy3n 'Oi d4 li$u '.u cu6i sang d!ng quang
! D<n knh
" Optical Line Amplifier
! Khuy,ch '!i
" Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM)
! Ghp thm hoPc rM nhnh m%t ph.n bCng thng
" Optical Cross-connect (OXC)
! Chuy3n m!ch quang h(c

OXC thu.n quang
Chuy3n m!ch knh, gi
Chuy3n m!ch knh
Knh: '":ng 'i t9 ngu<n ',n 'ch
D4 li$u '"@c truy*n trn m%t knh c6 '=nh
28m b8o bCng thng khng 'Oi cho mKi k,t n6i
BCng thng tOng c/a cc k,t n6i <= bCng thng mKi
link
Khng hi$u qu8 '6i v)i lu<ng d4 li$u khng On '=nh
$ Chuy3n m!ch gi
$ D4 li$u '"@c chia thnh cc gi
$ Cc gi '"@c chuy3n m!ch theo '=a chN 'ch
$ D<n knh cc gi trn cng m%t link
$ BCng thng tOng c/a cc k,t n6i >= bCng thng mKi
link
Cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch
! Chuy3n m!ch knh
Thng th":ng cc m!ng cp quang dng
cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch knh
2=nh tuy,n c.n '"@c xc '=nh tr")c cho
t9ng
S- d&ng trong SONET/SDH, WDM
! Chuy3n m!ch gi Q OPS
! Chuy3n m!ch Burst Q OBS
Chuy3n m!ch
! Chuy3n m!ch quang-
Optical switch
" Th0c hi$n chuy3n
m!ch trong mi*n
quang h(c
! Chuy3n m!ch 'i$n -
Electronic switch
" Th0c hi$n chuy3n
m!ch trong mi*n 'i$n
Cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch quang
Cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch 'i$n
! CI h#n cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch quang
! VAn 'ang '"@c s- d&ng r%ng ri hi$n nay
! Ho!t '%ng
" Chuy3n 'Oi tn hi$u quang # 'i$n
! Chi,m ph.n l)n gi thnh c/a switch
" Th0c hi$n chuy3n m!ch d4 li$u trong mi*n 'i$n
! Chuy3n m!ch v)i cc dng d4 li$u > t6c '% th+p:
" D4 li$u '"@c chuy3n thnh cc dng bit > t6c '% 51 Mbps
(STS-1) v chuy3n m!ch cc dng bit ny m%t cch song song
! Chuy3n m!ch v)i t6c '% '":ng truy*n 2,5 Gbps hoPc h#n.

Thi,t b= chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng
! Chuy3n d4 li$u t9 m%t b")c sng '.u vo thnh m%t
b")c sng '.u ra
" Gi8i phng rng bu%c lin t&c v* b")c sng
" TCng kh8 nCng t1n d&ng cc b")c sng rKi
! Chuy3n 'Oi Optoelectronic
" Chuy3n tn hi$u sang d!ng 'i$n
" Sinh l!i tn hi$u v truy*n trn m%t b")c sng khc
! 1R: khuy,ch '!i, khng 'i*u ch, l!i
! 2R: khuy,ch '!i, khi ph&c l!i d!ng xung tn hi$u
! 3R: khuy,ch '!i, khi ph&c l!i d!ng xung v '% r%ng xung
" Th":ng dng hi$n nay
! Chuy3n 'Oi trong mi*n quang
" Optical gating, interferometric, wave mixing
" Ch"a pht tri3n
Thi,t b= chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng
Ch!"ng 2: Cc ki'n trc m&ng s( d)ng cp
quang

Cc ki,n trc m!ng dng cp quang
! Cc m!ng dng cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch
knh cho t.ng quang
" M!ng SONET/ SDH
" M!ng ATM
" M!ng WDM
! Optical Bust Switching
" 2#n v= d4 li$u l cc bust
! Optical Packet Switching
" 2#n v= d4 li$u l cc gi tin
M!ng SONET/SDH
! SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)
" 2"a ra b>i Telcordia, USA
" dng > B?c M;
! SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
" 2"a ra b>i ETSI, tO ch7c chuRn Telecom chu u
" dng > chu u, Nh1t, Vi$t Nam
! S- d&ng cp quang trn cc k,t n6i
! Ho!t '%ng theo c# ch, chuy3n m!ch knh
! Dng cng ngh$ TDM
! S- d&ng c# ch, d<n knh '<ng b% t!i cc nt
" 2<ng h< '"@c '<ng b% trn ton h$ th6ng
" DF trch m%t knh '"@c d<n trong knh l)n
! 2=nh nghSa khun d!ng frame d4 li$u '"@c d<n knh
! ChuRn SONET/SDH '"@c pht tri3n k,t h@p v)i m%t s6 topo v ph"#ng
php d0 phng ring
" Kh8 nCng khi ph&c sau lKi nhanh < 60ms
M!ng SONET/SDH
! STS-1 dng cc Virtual
Tributaries (VT) '3 truy*n
cc t6c '% nhL h#n
" VT1.5, 2, 3, 6 (t6c '% 1.5, 2,
3 , 6 Mpbs)
" VT1.5 ch7a tn hi$u khng
'<ng b% DS1
! STS-x dng '3 'ng gi
cc tn hi$u DS-x
" VT1.5 ch7a tn hi$u khng
'<ng b% DS1
! STM '"@c dng cho cc
tn hi$u E1, E3, E4
" Virtual Container (VC)
t"#ng t0 VT
DS-x E-x
M!ng SONET/SDH
M!ng SONET/SDH
Cc thnh ph.n v topo m!ng SONET
Cc thnh ph.n v topo m!ng SONET
! Topo
" Ring, Point-to-point, linear ADM
" Mesh
! ADM: Add/drop mux
" Ghp, tch cc lu<ng d4 li$u nhL vo '":ng truy*n
! DCS: Digital Cross-connect
" Chuy3n m!ch 'i$n
" 2i*u khi3n bTng ph.n m*m
" Cho php g%p (grooming) hoPc tch cc lu<ng d4 li$u
nhL ',n m7c DS-x
" Chuy3n m!ch cc lu<ng ny gi4a cc cOng

M!ng SONET hnh vng:
Unidirectional Path Switched Ring
A-B
A-B
B-A
B-A
Path
Selection
Path Selection
W
P
fiber 1
fiber 2
A
B
C
D
Failure-free State
Bridge
Bridge
M!ng SONET hnh vng:
Bidirectional Line Switched Ring
A!C
C !A
A!C
C !A
Working Protection
2-Fiber BLSR
B
A
D
C
M!ng ATM
! ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)
! Truy*n cc '#n v= d4 li$u t, bo (cell)
" 53 bytes
" Khng '<ng b%
" C th3 dng h! t.ng l m!ng SONET/SDH '3
k,t n6i cc node ATM v)i nhau trn giao di$n
UNI
" Cc cell ATM '"@c 'ng vo trong cc frame
SONET/SDH
M!ng ATM
M!ng WDM
Wavelength routed network
M%t b")c sng l '#n v= bCng thng nhL
nh+t
Chuy3n m!ch b")c sng
Wavelength continuity
Rng bu%c s0 lin t&c v* b")c sng d(c
theo mKi k,t n6i
Wavelength conversion
Chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng '3 gi8i phng
rng bu%c t!i m%t s6 'i3m
(d)
Tri3n khai IP trn n*n WDM
IP
Optical
(WDM)
IP/ATM/SONET/DWDM
IP/SONET/WDM
Cc ki3u ki,n trc
IP/WDM vs. IP/OTN
IP/OTN (m hnh a, b, c)
IP (hoPc ATM, SONET/SDH) 'ng vai tr l m!ng truy c1p c/a
m!ng OTN
M!ng li OTN c th3 c+u hnh '"@c nh: cc chuy3n m!ch quang
Optical Cross-connect (OXC).
Ch$c n%ng chuy&n m'ch, d( phng, thi)t l*p k)t n+i #,-c th(c
hi&n b.i OXC c/a t0ng quang
IP/WDM (m hnh d)
Router IP k,t n6i v)i nhau tr0c ti,p bTng '":ng cp quang
D4 li$u IP '"@c truy*n th0c s0 tr0c ti,p trn cc b")c sng m
khng 'ng gi trong m%t khun d!ng khc.
T.ng quang chN bao g<m cc ph.n t- th& '%ng khng c+u
hnh l!i '"@c: cp quang, MUX, OADM, khuy,ch '!i
Ch$c n%ng chuy&n m'ch, d( phng, thi)t l*p k)t n+i #,-c th(c
hi"n nh1 IP ho2c giao th$c b3 tr- nh, MPLS
IP/WDM: Bu nh"@c 'i3m
2p 7ng '"@c nhu c.u bCng thng
ngy cng cao c/a t.ng IP nh+t l t9
cc 7ng d&ng Hight Definition TV
IP-routers c cc giao di$n quang
OC-48c/OC-192c c th3 t1p h@p d4
li$u cU hng trCm Gbps '3 truy*n trn
cp quang

2i*u khi3n vi$c thi,t l1p k,t n6i t9 '.u
',n cu6i s- d&ng chN th0c hi$n > t.ng
IP Q t1p trung, hi$u qu8

$ Cng ngh$ t!o cc cOng router IP
c dung l"@ng ngy cng l)n cU
nhi*u terabit sM c 8nh h">ng ',n
hi$u su+t, tnh an ton v t6c '%
ph h<i ???


Nh"@c Bu
IP-over-OTN: Pros and Cons
Kh8 nCng c+u hnh '"@c c/a m!ng
li OTN 'em l!i tnh m*m dJo
Li OTN c th3 ph&c v& nhi*u m!ng
khc nhau ATM, Frame Relay,
SONET/SDH.

$ Cc t.ng gi4a IP v WDM t!o ra
overhead d4 li$u v 'i*u khi3n.

$ V+n '* 'i*u khi3n lu<ng d4 li$u '"@c
th0c hi$n > c8 2 mi*n
$ (i) M!ng IP '=nh tuy,n d4 li$u gi4a
cc IP router ('"@c n6i logic v)i
nhau thng qua cc OXC)
$ (ii) M!ng quang t!o lp cc
lightpaths gi4a cc router IP
$ Q D4 li$u khng '"@c '=nh tuy,n
hi$u qu8 ton c&c



Nh"@c Bu
Optical Burst Switching
M!ng quang chuy3n m!ch burst
K; thu1t cho php chuy3n m!ch v)i '#n
v= nhL h#n m%t b")c sng
K; thu1t dung ha gi4a OPS v cc k;
thu1t chuy3n m!ch knh quang
M%t t1p cc gi '"@c k,t h@p t!i bin
m!ng t!o thnh burst
MKi burst c ph.n 'i*u khi3n v ph.n d4
li$u

Optical Burst Switching
Ph.n 'i*u khi3n '"@c truy*n trn 1 knh quang
ring v '"@c x- lD trong mi*n 'i$n t!i mKi
router OBS
Ph.n d4 li$u '"@c truy*n trn m%t knh quang
khc lun > trong mi*n quang t9 '.u ',n cu6i
OBS s- d&ng bCng thng hi$u qu8 h#n cc
cng ngh$ chuy3n m!ch knh quang
OBS 'i hLi chuy3n m!ch t6c '% cao h#n
V+n '* nghin c7u:
thi,t l1p knh d4 li$u cho burst,
x- lD ph.n 'i*u khi3n tr")c khi d4 li$u
',n
Optical Packet Switching
M!ng quang chuy3n m!ch gi quang
D4 li$u '"@c chia thnh cc gi nhL
MKi gi '"@c '=nh tuy,n '%c l1p t!i cc
nt
Khng th0c t,
T6c '% x- lD gi t!i cc nt ph8i r+t
nhanh
C.n chuy3n 'Oi OEO '3 x- lD ph.n 'i*u
khi3n t!i cc nt Q hi$u qu8 th+p khi
packet r+t nhL so v)i burst
Cc '* ti3u lu1n

Ch/ '* 1: Tm hi*u cc gi+i php d, phng m&ng
Ch/ '* 2: Tm hi*u v% Optical Burst Switching
Ch/ '* 3: Tm hi*u v% Optical Packet Switching
Ch/ '* 4: Tm hi3u v* m!ng truy nh1p s- d&ng
cp quang (FTTx)
Ch/ '* 5: Tm hi3u 7ng d&ng MatPlan (dng
cho Matlab) '3 thi,t k, m!ng cp quang

Ch!"ng 4: Thi't k' m&ng cp quang
Thi,t k, m!ng WDM
! WDM ho!t '%ng theo c# ch, chuy3n m!ch
knh
! 2":ng 'i c/a d4 li$u t9 '.u ',n cu6i ph8i
'"@c xc '=nh tr")c khi truy*n
! Cc v+n '* thi,t k,
" Thi,t k, v1t lD: thi,t k, '":ng 'i cp, 'i3m 'Ct
nt m!ng
" Thi,t k, logic: xc '=nh cc lightpath c.n c
" 2=nh tuy,n v gn b")c sng
" S- d&ng cc b% chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng
Thi,t k, m!ng WDM-V d&
! Cho tr")c topo
! Cho tr")c yu c.u
thng l"@ng
" WA-CO: x1 Gbps
" WA-CA1: x2 Gbps
" WA-CA2: x3 Gbps
" WA-TX: x4 Gbps
" CA1-GA: y1 Gbps
" G.
! 2=nh tuy,n cho cc
thng l"@ng ny
58
NSFNET Traffic Matrix (11:45 PM to midnight, ET, Jan.
12, 1992)
Thi,t k, m!ng WDM V d&
WA
CA1
CA2
UT
CO
TX
NE
IL
MI
NY
NJ
PA
MD
GA
Thi,t k, m!ng cp quang WDM
! Thi,t k, t0ng WDM
! CCn c7 yu c.u thng l"@ng c/a
t.ng trn SONET/SDH hoPc IP
! CCn c7 vo gi)i h!n s6 cOng Q
gi)i h!n s6 lightpath d9ng t!i mKi
nt
! V d&
" Cho tr")c A-B-C n6i v)i nhau
bTng cp quang WDM
" A,B,C n6i v)i cc router
" MKi cOng router = 10 Gbps = 1
wavelength
" Thng l"@ng yu c.u:
! A-B: 50 Gbps
! B-C: 50 Gbps
! A-C: 50 Gbps
" Thi,t k, '":ng 'i cho cc thng
l"@ng ny


Thi,t k, m!ng cp quang WDM
! Khng dng OADM
" Thng l"@ng A-C sM 'i trn link A-
B xu6ng router B (chuy3n 'Oi
OEO) r<i l!i 'i t9 B-C
" 10 b")c sng t9 router A ',n
router B
" 10 b")c sng router B ',n router
C
" A, C: 10 cOng router
" B: 20 cOng router
" 5 chuy3n 'Oi OEO
! Dng OADM
" 5 b")c sng t9 router A-B
" 5 b")c sng t9 router B-C
" 5 b")c sng 'i thHng t9 router A
',n C kh6ng xu6ng router B
" OADM ph8i dng t!i B '3 rM
nhnh thng l"@ng xu<ng router B
" A, B, C: 10 cOng router
" Khng c chuy3n 'Oi OEO
! Gi c/a thi,t b= OADM vs. cOng
router

Thi,t k, m!ng cp quang WDM
! Lightpath:
" M%t k,t n6i bTng 1 b")c sng
gi4a 2 'i3m
" Lightpath c th3 tr8i di qua
nhi*u cp nh: cc OADM
! Lightpath Topology
" Xc '=nh cc lightpath c/a
t.ng WDM '3 thLa mn ma
tr1n thng l"@ng
" Logical topo, virtual topo
! Topo v1t lD
" Topo c/a cc cp

Thi,t k, m!ng cp quang WDM
! Thi,t k, vt lD
" Thi,t k, cc '":ng 'i cp, v= tr 'Pt cc nt
! Thi,t k, logic
" Cho tr")c cc nt truy c1p (router), topo c/a cp
quang
" Cho tr")c ma tr1n thng l"@ng yu c.u (gi4a cc
router)
" Yu c.u
! Tm cc lightpath c.n thi,t l1p ('3 k,t n6i cc router), ch"a
quan tm ',n '":ng 'i c& th3 c/a cc lightpath
" Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)
! 2=nh tuy,n cc lightpath ny trn cc cp quang ' c v
xc '=nh b")c sng cho chng
" Routing and Wavelength Assignement (RWA)
Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)
! Bi ton t"#ng '6i '#n gi8n
! Cho tr")c ma tr1n thng l"@ng gi4a cc nt (router)
! Cho tr")c cc router
! Yu c.u:
" Xc '=nh cc lightpath no c.n xy d0ng gi4a cc router
! Lightpath chnh l cc link 8o gi4a cc router l nt c/a topo 8o
" nh x! thng l"@ng vo cc lightpaths
! Phn b6 thng l"@ng c/a mKi cPp router vo cc lightpath
! Rng bu%c
" Cc thng l"@ng yu c.u '"@c thLa mn
! M&c tiu
" Gi8m thi3u t?c nghMn# t8i trn cc lightpath l nhL nh+t
" C th3 c cc m&c tiu khc ty bi ton.
Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)
! Bi ton LTD l bi ton multi-commodity
! Th":ng '"@c gi8i bTng cch s- d&ng
ph"#ng trnh tuy,n tnh (LP) '3 m hnh
ha
! S- d&ng cc cng c& gi8i LP '3 gi8i
! C th3 dng cc heuristic '3 gi8i khng t6i
"u.
RWA
! Cho tr")c cc lightpath v topo cc cp, v= tr cc
chuy3n m!ch quang
! Yu c.u
" Xc '=nh '":ng 'i cc lightpath trn topo cc cp # Routing
" Gn b")c sng cho t9ng lightpath # Wavelength Assignment
! M&c tiu
" Dng t b")c sng nh+t
" C th3 c m&c tiu khc ty bi ton
! Rng bu%c
" Hai lightpath khng th3 cng dng 1 b")c sng trn m%t link
" N,u khng dng b% chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng th m%t lightpath ph8i
dng cng m%t b")c sng trn t+t c8 cc link d(c theo n.
! Dng hay khng cc b% chuy3n 'Oi b")c sng? S6
l"@ng bao nhiu?
" Th":ng b= h!n ch,
RWA
! 23 gi8m '% ph7c t!p 2=nh tuy,n v Gn b")c
sng th":ng '"@c gi8i trong 2 b")c ring bi$t
! 2=nh tuy,n
" Fixed path routing, Alternate-path routing, adaptive routing
multicommodity flow formulation, randomized routing
! Gn b")c sng
" S- d&ng thu1t ton t mu '< th=, First Fit and Random Fit,
Least Used, Most Used, Min Product, Least Loaded, Max
Sum G
! Gi8i hai bi ton '<ng th:i sM 'em l!i k,t qu8 t6i "u
h#n, nh"ng 'y l bi ton NP-'.y '/ nn kh c
th3 c l:i gi8i chnh xc
2=nh tuy,n '%ng cho m!ng cp quang
! Pht bi3u bi ton
" Cho tr")c m%t m!ng 'ang c t8i
" C thm 1 yu c.u k,t n6i m)i t9 s !d v)i bCng thng w
" 2=nh tuy,n cho yu c.u k,t n6i ny
! Rng bu%c
" Khng thay 'Oi cc k,t n6i 'ang t<n t!i trong m!ng
! C nhi*u tiu ch '=nh tuy,n khc nhau
" Ti,t ki$m ti nguyn nh+t
" Dnh nhi*u kh8 nCng ch+p nh1n cc yu c.u khc trong t"#ng
lai nh+t
" G
! 2=nh tuy,n '%ng kh phn b6 ti nguyn ton c&c m%t
cch t6i "u nh" '=nh tuy,n tSnh

Ch!"ng 5: D, phng v khi ph)c
D0 phng v khi ph&c
" Khi ni$m c# b8n
! Tnh sVn sng
! Cc lo!i lKi
! D0 phng vs khi ph&c
! D0 phng dnh ring
! D0 phng chia sJ
" D0 phng trong SONET/SDH
" P-cycle
Khi ni$m c# b8n
! Cc s0 c6 trn m!ng lm gin
'o!n ho!t '%ng c/a m!ng
" 27t cp
" HLng thi,t b=
! Th:i gian gin 'o!n cng nhL
cng t6t
" Mean Time to Repare: MTR
! Tnh sVn sng c/a m!ng cng
cao cng t6t
" Mean Time between Failures:
MTF
! Kh8 nCng duy tr d=ch v& khi
x8y ra lKi# Survivability


Wnh h">ng c/a vi$c gin 'o!n
Impact
50
msec
0 200
msec
2
sec
10
sec
5
min
30
min
"Hit"

Trigger
Change-
over of
CCS
Links

FCC
Reportable

Packet
(X.25)
Disconnect

Call-
Dropping

Private Line
Disconnect

May Drop
Voiceband
Calls

AP
S

1st
Range

2nd
Range

3rd
Range

4th
Range

5th
Range

6th
Range

Social/
Business
Impacts

S! c" trn m#ng lm thi$t h#i v% ti%n
Y,u t6 th= tr":ng c/a Survivability
" Quan h$ v)i khch hng
" L@i th, c!nh tranh
" L@i nhu1n
" B+t l@i Ph8i tCng chi ph '3 m!ng c tnh t0
ph&c h<i sau lKi
" Bu 'i3m T!o cc d=ch v& cao c+p 'em l!i l@i
nhu1n l)n
! D=ch v& dnh cho doanh nghi$p
! D=ch v& cho cc tO ch7c y t,
! D=ch v& dnh cho cc tO ch7c chnh ph/
" V1n hnh ph7c t!p h#n
Network Survivability
! Tnh sVn sng
" 99.999% (5 con 9) => d")i 5 pht gin 'o!n/nCm
! C.n c k, ho!ch '6i ph v)i lKi
" Thm ti nguyn thay th,, pht hi$n lKi v t0 '%ng '=nh h")ng
cc lu<ng d4 li$u vng qua lKi
! Khi ph&c:
" ChN bO sung bCng thng, thi,t b= thay th, khi s0 c6 ' x8y ra
" Ti,t ki$m ti nguyn
" Ch1m # th:i gian gin 'o!n l)n
! D0 phng: fast time-scale:
" ChuRn b= sVn ti nguyn d0 phng '3 thay th, ti nguyn chnh
khi x8y ra s0 c6
" Chuy3n lu<ng d4 li$u t9 '":ng truy*n b= lKi sang '":ng d0
phng khi c s0 c6 x8y ra
" Nhanh: 10s-100s of msG
S0 c6
! Cc lo!i s0 c6
" S0 c6 thnh ph.n: trn link, nt, knh WDM,
ph.n m*mG
" S0 c6 h$ th6ng: Th8m h(a c th3 h/y ho!i ton
b% trung tm k,t n6i
! LKi '#n vs. nhi*u lKi '<ng th:i
" 4.39 cp '7t/nCm/1000 dPm cp
" Thng th":ng gi8 thi,t m!ng chN c lKi '#n
! D0 phng v khi ph&c c th3 th0c hi$n >
nhi*u m7c
Tnh s-n sng
Availability l xc su.t thi't b/ ho&t 01ng bnh
th!2ng
Reliability
Reliability + Recovery
Availability =
2=nh l"@ng tnh sVn sng
99% 2-Nines 5,000 Min/Yr
99.9% 3-Nines 500 Min/Yr
99.99% 4-Nines 50 Min/Yr
99.999% 5-Nines 5 Min/Yr
99.9999% 6-Nines 0.5 Min/Yr
V d& m!ng PSTN
! Mi thnh phn ca mng c tnh sn sng 99.99%
! One cut off call in 8000 calls (3 min for average
call). Five ineffective calls in every 10,000 calls.


Facility
Entrance
Facility
Entrance
AN
0.01 %
0.005 %
0.005 %
0.02 %
0.005 %
0.005 %
LE
NI
LE
NI
LD
AN
0.01 %
PSTN End-2-End Availability
99.94%
Nl : Network lnterface
LE : Local Exchange
LD : Long Distance
AN : Access Network
Source : http://www.packetcable.com/downloads/specs/pkt-tr-voipar-v01-001128.pdf
Cc ph"#ng php b8o v$ m!ng

Network Survivability Architectures
Restoration Protection
Protection
Switching
Self-healing
Network
Re-Configurable
Network
Mesh Restoration
Architectures
Linear Protection
Architectures
Ring Protection
Architectures
Phn lo!i cc ph"#ng php d0 phng
! Theo topo
" Vng
" Tuy,n tnh: link, 'o!n, '":ng
! Theo s- d&ng ti nguyn
" D0 phng dnh ring
" D0 phng chia sJ

! Cc nt '"@c n6i v)i nhau qua cc link
t!o thnh vng trn
" D4 li$u '"@c truy*n theo chi*u ng"@c l!i khi
c s0 c6

Topo d0 phng - vng
E
W
W
E
W
E W
E
D
L
L
Working Protect
Topo d0 phng Tuy!n tnh


D, phng theo link
D, phng theo 0!2ng
D, phng theo 0o&n
D0 phng dnh ring vs. chia sJ
! D0 phng dnh ring
" M%t ti nguyn d0 phng chN dng '3 b8o v$ m%t
'":ng truy*n chnh
! D0 phng chia sJ
" M%t ti nguyn d0 phng c th3 '"@c dng trong
nhi*u '":ng d0 phng '3 b8o v$ nhi*u '":ng truy*n
chnh
! D0 phng chia sJ c t6c '% khi ph&c ch1m h#n
d0 phng dnh ring
" M+t th:i gian thnh l1p '":ng d0 phng t9 cc ti
nguyn d0 phng khi s0 c6 x8y ra


D0 phng dnh ring vs. chia sJ
B3ng thng c4n thi't cho cc 0!2ng b+o v$ trn link chung v3-v4
D0 phng trong SONET/SDH
D0 phng 1+1 theo link c/a SONET/SDH
BR SW
TX
TX
RX
RX
SW
RX
RX
BR
TX
TX
Working
Protection
Working
Protection
D5 li$u 0!6c truy%n 07ng th2i trn c+ 0!2ng
chnh v 0!2ng d, phng
Bridge SW
TX RX
RX
SW
RX
Brigde
TX
TX
TX
RX
APS Channel
Protection
Working
Protection
D5 li$u 0!6c trn 0!2ng chnh v chuy*n sang 0!2ng
d, phng khi c s, c8
D0 phng 1:1 theo link c/a SONET/SDH
Automatic Protection Switching c/a SONET/SDH
Bidirectional line-switched ring
BLSR 4 cp: 2 cp cho working,
2 cp cho protection
Unidirectional path-switched ring
UPSR
1 cp cho working,
1 cp cho protection
T8c 01 khi ph)c 60ms
BLSR 2 cp: B3ng thng trn m9i
cp 0!6c chia 0i, : v;n chuy*n working traffic,
: v;n chuy*n protection trafic
UPSR vs. BLSR
URPS, moi ket noi dung toan bo vong cho trafic theo 2
chieu
BLSR: Moi ket noi dung 1 phan cua 2 vong cho trafic theo
2 chieu
Co the tai nhieu ket noi hon khi cac diem nguon,
dich ke nhau





UPSR BLSR
P-cycle
! M!ng mesh khng c
topo hnh vng
! T!o cc vng trong
m!ng # p-cycle
! S- d&ng c# ch, b8o
v$ theo topo vng
! Cc link trn p-cycle v
cc 'o!n c?t p-cycle
'"@c b8o v$

Bi ton '=nh tuy,n c d0 phng
! Tm ki,m '":ng 'i chnh v '":ng 'i d0 phng cho mKi
k,t n6i
! Rng bu%c
" 2":ng 'i chnh v '":ng 'i d0 phng ph8i khng b= 8nh h">ng
'<ng th:i b>i m%t lKi '#n
! Hai '":ng 'i khng dng chung 1 cp
! Hai '":ng 'i khng dng chung m%t thi,t b=
" T6c '% khi ph&c ch+p nh1n '"@c
" 2":ng 'i d0 phng khng qu di lm 8nh h">ng '% trF
! Tiu ch
" Ti,t ki$m ti nguyn tOng c%ng
! C 2 d!ng tSnh v '%ng t"#ng 7ng v)i bi ton '=nh
tuy,n thng th":ng

Bi ton '=nh tuy,n c d0 phng
! H")ng ti,p c1n
" Tch thnh 2 b")c '=nh tuy,n:
! 2=nh tuy,n cho '":ng chnh tr")c sau ' tm
'":ng d0 phng
" 2=nh tuy,n '<ng th:i cho c8 '":ng chnh v
d0 phng
! R+t kh trong tr":ng h@p '=nh tuy,n '%ng
Ch!"ng 6: M&ng truy nh;p
M!ng truy nh1p quang v d=ch v&
M!ng truy nh1p thu th1p d4 li$u t9 pha
ng":i dng v cung c+p cho m!ng li
Cc d=ch v& phO bi,n t9 pha ng":i
dng
2i$n tho!i
M!ng try*n hnh cp
Internet trn n*n 'i$n tho!i (xDSL) hoPc
cp
Cc lo!i d=ch v& c/a m!ng truy nh1p
Ban '.u, m!ng truy c1p '"@c pht tri3n
'3 cung c+p d=ch v& VoD, HDTV
Hi$n nay, m!ng truy c1p c.n c kh8
nCng 'p 7ng cc lo!i d=ch v& sau:






Ki,n trc c/a m!ng truy nh1p
Ki,n trc m!ng truy nh1p
Hub
NTm pha nh cung c+p
NIU: Network Interface Unit
NTm pha ng":i s- d&ng
N6i v)i 1 ng":i dng hoPc 1 doanh nghi$p
Remote Node
Trong m!ng broadcast, RN phn ph6i d4
li$u t9 Hub ',n m(i NIU
Trong m!ng switched, RN nh1n d4 li$u t9
Hub v phn ph6i cc lu<ng khc nhau ',n
cc NIU
Phn lo!i m!ng truy nh1p





Hai lo!i m!ng truy c1p phO bi,n:
M!ng 'i$n tho!i
M!ng truy*n hnh cp
M!ng 'i$n tho!i n%i b%
S- d&ng cp xo?n
M!ng truy*n hnh cp
Dng c8 cp '<ng tr&c v cp quang
Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable: HFC
HE: headend
M!ng truy nh1p quang: FTTx
D4 li$u '"@c truy*n trn cp quang trong m!ng phn ph6i
(distribution network) cho ',n ONU (Optical Network Unit)
Mong mu6n: Cp quang ',n g.n thu bao nh+t
FTTCab(Fiber To The Cabinet): Cp quang k,t thc > m%t
cabinet, d")i 1km cu6i ',n thu bao dng m!ng phn
ph6i
FTTC(Fiber To The Curb) / FTTB(Fiber To The Building); ONU ph&c
v& m%t s6 thu bao (8 to 64); t9 ONU ',n NIU dng cp
'<ng (d")i 100m)
FTTH(Fiber To The Home); ONUs th0c hi$n ch7c nCng
c/a NIUs;
M!ng truy nh1p quang: FTTx








PON: Passive Optical Network: gi4a CO v ONU
M!ng truy c1p FTTx
Ki,n trc PON
Ki,n trc m!ng gi4a CO v ONU
RN: thi,t b= th& '%ng, l m%t b% chia nhnh hnh sao
hoPc b% '=nh tuy,n tSnh theo b")c sng
Tn hi$u th":ng '"@c broadcast gi4a CO-ONU v
chia sJ bCng thng theo c# ch, TDM t!i ONU


Topo PON
Ki,n trc AF (all fiber)
M%t cPp cp n6i CO v)i mKi ONU
Gi thnh tN l$ v)i s6 ONU v chi ph b8o tr
cp
S- d&ng trong ph!m vi nhL nh" doanh nghi$p
Ki,n trc Telephone PON (TPON)
WPON (WDM PON)
EPON
EPON: PON v1n chuy3n d4 li$u l cc
frame Ethernet



EPON
EPON