Bai Tap Lon Bo Mon Giai Tich 1 PDF

BI TP LN MN GII TCH 1
B mn Ton ng dng
Trng i hc Bch Khoa TP HCM
Khoa Khoa hc ng dng
TP. HCM 2011.
B mn Ton ng dng (BK TPHCM) BI TP LN MN GII TCH 1 TP. HCM 2011. 1 / 35
Bi bo co
1
Lm vic theo nhm, mi nhm 5 10 sinh vin. S lng c th
theo yu cu ca ging vin. C nhm trng cho mi nhm.
2
Chng trnh chy c theo yu cu ra.
3
Lc bo co: GV gi ngu nhin 3 sinh vin ln cho chy chng
trnh v hi thm. Mi sinh vin khng tr li c ni dung trong
chng trnh th s b tr 1 im v gi nhm trng ln tr li. Nu
nhm trng khng tr li c th c nhm b 0 im. Ngc li,
nhm tr li tt th nhm trng s c cng thm 1 im.
4
Np bi bo co:(Khng c bi bo co th s b 0 im. y l iu
bt buc np ln phng o to nn mi sinh vin cn lm ring
thnh 1 bn bo co, khng bt buc lm qu cu k)
Tn ti.
GVHD v cc thnh vin ca nhm.
Yu cu ca ti.
C s l thuyt.
Cc v d v kt qu chy c.
Kt lun: cc trng hp gii quyt v cha gii quyt v hn ch.
on code lm c.
ti 1
Tnh din tch min phng 1
Input
Nhp 2 hm f
1
(x), f
2
(x).
Nhp on [a, b]
Output
Tnh din tch min phng.
V th 2 hm cho.
Gii hn
Hm s f
1
(x), f
2
(x) lin tc trn on gia 2 nghim v khng xt
hm lng gic.
Hai hm ct nhau khng qu 2 im.
ti 1
Sinh vin c th dng hm th vin, toolbox ca MatLab gii bi ton
sau hoc lp trnh cho trng hp tng qut
Cu 1. Hm f
1
(x) v f
2
(x) khng c giao im trong on [a, b].
Hm th:
f
1
(x) =
1
1 + x
2
, f
2
(x), a = 2, b = 0.
f
1
(x) = log(x), f
2
(x) = 2, a = 1, b = 3.
f
1
(x) = x, f
2
(x) = x + sin
2
x, a = 1, b = 2
Cu 2. f
1
(x) v f
2
(x) ch ct nhau ti 1 im thuc on [a, b]. Tnh
din tch 2 min. Hm th
f
1
(x) = x log(x
2
), f
2
(x) = x, a = 1, b = 1.
f
1
(x) = sin x, f
2
(x) =
1
2
, a =
2
, b =

2
.
f
1
(x) = 2
x
, f
2
(x) = 2 x, a = 2, b = 2.
Cu 3. Hm f
1
, f
2
c 1 hoc 2 giao im trong on [a, b]. Kim tra
xem x = a v x = b c ct th hay khng? Tnh din tch nu to
ra min phng.
ti 1
Hm th:
f
1
(x) = x
2
x + 1, f
2
(x) = 2 x
2
, a = 2, b = 2.
f
1
(x) = x log(x), f
2
(x) = x 2, a = 1, b = 1.
Loi trng hp a = 1 v nhp li.
f
1
(x) =
8 x
2
, f
2
(x) =
2x, a = 2, b = 3.
Loi c a v b v yu cu nhp li.
ti 2
Tnh din tch min phng 2
Input Nhp hai hm f
1
(x) v f
2
(x).
Output Tnh din tch tng min v v th ca 2 hm cho.
Gii hn
Hai hm lin tc trn on gia 2 giao im v khng xt hm lng
gic.
Hai hm ct nhau ti t nht 2 im.
ti 2
Sinh vin c th dng hm th vin, toolbox ca MatLab gii bi ton
sau hoc lp trnh cho trng hp tng qut
Cu 1. Hai th f
1
(x), f
2
(x) c ng 2 giao im.
Cu 2. Hai th f
1
(x), f
2
(x) c t hn 2 giao im th loi v tnh
din tch trong trng hp hn 2 giao im. Hm th:
f
1
(x) = x log(x
2
), f
2
(x) = x.
f
1
(x) = x
3
+ x, f
2
(x) = x
3
+ 7x 8
Cu 3. Hm f
1
(x), f
2
(x) c cha hm lng gic. Tnh din tch.
ti 3
Khai trin Taylor
Cu 1. Vit khai trin taylor cho hm f n cp n trong ln cn x
0
.
Input Nhp hm f (x) v n, x
0
.
Output Cng thc khai trin Taylor
n
k=0
f
(k)
(x
0
)
k!
(x x
0
)
k
.
THUT TON:
1. taylor=f (x
0
)
2. k = 1. Nu k n
a. Tnh f
(k)
b. taylor=taylor+
f
(k)
(x
0
)
k!
(x x
0
)
k
c. k = k + 1
YU CU: 1. Vit on code c th x l c ti thiu cho cc khai
trin Maclaurin c bn.
2. Thc hin cc thao tc tm khai trin taylor bng cch tnh o hm
tng cp ti x
0
cho cc hm sau: (c th dng hm th vin ca MatLab)
ti 3
a. f (x) = ln x, n = 3, x
0
= 1
b. f (x) = arctan(x 2), n = 3, x
0
= 2
c. f (x) = sin x, n = 3, x =
3. C nhn xt g v kt qu tm c so vi cch dng lnh taylor ca
matlab.
Cu 2 Vit mt function tm bc VCB ca (x) khi x x
0
. Ch gii hn
trong nhng hm c khai trin taylor. c dng lnh taylor ca matlab.
Input: VCB (x) v x
0
.
Output: VCB tng ng ca (x) dng a(x x
0
)
p
, bc VCB p, th
ca (x) v ca hm tng ng trong ln cn x
0
.
THUT TON: khai trin taylor cho (x) trong ln cn x
0
n khi phn
a thc ht trit tiu th dng li.
YU CU:
1. Vit on code th hin thut ton. Bo li nu (x) khng phi l
VCB.
2. Tm bc VCB cho cc hm sau (c th dng hm th vin ca MatLab)
ti 3
a. (x) =
1 + 2x
2
1 + 3x
2
, x
0
= 0
b. (x) = (x + 1) ln(x + 1) sin(x), x
0
= 0
c. (x) = e
cos
2
x
2
sin x, x
0
=

2
Cu 3: Dng function tm bc VCB trong cu 2, vit chng trnh tnh
gii hn dng v nh 0/0, khng dng lnh limit ca matlab.
INPUT: hm ly gii hn f (x), im ly gii hn x
0
.
OUTPUT: bc VCB ca t s, mu s, gi tr gii hn.
THUT TON:
1. Dng hm numden tch t s, mu s. Kim tra dng v nh.
2. Dng function ca cu 2 xc nh cc VCB tng ng ca t s v
mu s v suy ra gii hn.
YU CU:
1. Vit on code th hin thut ton trn.
2. C th dng hm th vin ca MatLab, thao tc tnh cc gii hn sau:
ti 3
lim
x0
sin x
x
, lim
x0
x sin x + 1
1 + 2x
2
x
3
lim
x0
x sin x + 1
1 + 2x
3
x
4
, lim
x0
sin x x
arcsin(x
2
) x
ti 4
Tnh th tch vt th to ra khi cho min phng D gii
hn bi 2 ng cong quay quanh trc Ox.
Cu 1 SV thc hin trc tip trn my tnh vi cc hm s c nhp t
bn phm theo yu cu ca GV. C th:
V th 2 ng cong.
Tm ta cc giao im (nu c) bng cch gii phng trnh hay
bng cch s dng th.
Xc nh min D v tnh th tch trong trng hp min D nm v 1
pha ca trc Ox.
SV c th tham kho mt s hm nh sau:
1. f =
1
x
, g = x 5
2. f = |x(x 2)| + 1; g = 2x + 5
3. f = sin(x); g =
2x
4. f = (x + 1)(x 2)
2
, g = x
ti 4
Cu 2
SV vit mt on code chy chng trnh.
1) Input: Nhp 2 hm f (x) v g(x) t bn phm. Gi thit cc min D
lun tn ti khi f(x) v g(x) c t 2 im chung tr ln.
2) Output:
Tm s giao im (phn bit) ca 2 ng cong.
Nu s giao im ca 2 ng cong nh hn 2, chng trnh bo
khng xc nh c min D. V 2 th trn cng mt trc ta .
Nu s giao im ca 2 ng cong bng 2 v min D khng c im
chung vi trc Ox th tnh th tch vt th trn xoay to ra khi cho
min phng D quay quanh trc Ox. V th min D
Cc trng hp cn li (2 ng c t 3 im chung tr ln hay min
D c t nht 1 im chung vi trc Ox) th chng trnh khng cn
tnh th tch, ch v hnh min D.
ti 4
Tham kho gii thut khi vit chng trnh:
Khai bo bin thc x v nhp 2 hm f(x), g(x) t bn phm.
Tm s giao im ca 2 ng cong bng cch gii phng trnh ,
loi b cc nghim trng nhau, cc nghim phc, cc nghim (thc)
nhng thay vo phng trnh ra gi tr phc . (Khng cn x l nu
Matlab gii nghim khng chnh xc, hay gii thiu nghim khi gp
hm lng gic chng hn).
Trong trng hp 2 ng ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit c honh
x
A
, x
B
, tm cch nhn bit khi no min D khng c giao im vi
trc Ox bng cch tm tp hp cc giao im ca f(x), g(x) vi trc
Ox m honh trong on [x
A
, x
B
].
Ty theo s giao im ca hai ng, thc hin theo yu cu ca .
th ca 2 ng cong phi v trn cng 1 trc ta . Nn dng
lnh plot khi v min D xc nh.
ti 5
Tnh th tch vt th to ra khi cho min phng D gii hn
bi 2 ng cong quay quanh trc Oy.
Cu 1 SV thc hin trc tip trn my tnh vi cc hm s c nhp t
bn phm theo yu cu ca GV:
V th 2 ng cong.
Tm ta cc giao im (nu c) bng cch gii phng trnh hay
bng cch s dng th.
Xc nh min D v tnh th tch trong trng hp min D nm v 1
pha ca trc Oy.
SV c th tham kho mt s hm cho trc sau:
1. f = 1/x; g = x 5
2.f = |(x 1)(x 3)|; g = x
3. f (x) = (x 4)(x 7)
2
; g(x) = x 5
ti 5
Cu 2 SV vit mt on code chy chng trnh.
1) Input: Nhp 2 hm f(x) v g(x) t bn phm. Gi thit cc min D
lun tn ti khi f(x) v g(x) c t 2 im chung tr ln.
2) Output:
Tm s giao im (phn bit) ca 2 ng cong.
Nu s giao im ca 2 ng cong nh hn 2, chng trnh bo
khng xc nh c min D. V 2 th trn cng mt trc ta .
Nu s giao im ca 2 ng cong bng 2 v min D nm v 1 pha
ca trc Oy th tnh th tch vt th trn xoay to ra khi cho min
phng D quay quanh trc Oy. V th min D .
Cc trng hp cn li ( 2 ng c t 3 im chung tr ln hay
min D nm v 2 pha ca trc Oy) th chng trnh khng cn tnh
th tch, ch v hnh min D.
ti 5
Khai bo bin thc x v nhp 2 hm f(x), g(x) t bn phm.
Tm s giao im ca 2 ng cong bng cch gii phng trnh ,
loi b cc nghim trng nhau, cc nghim phc, cc nghim (thc)
nhng thay vo phng trnh ra gi tr phc . (Khng cn x l nu
Matlab gii nghim khng chnh xc, hay gii thiu nghim khi gp
hm lng gic chng hn).
Trong trng hp 2 ng ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit, tm cch
nhn bit khi no min D nm v 2 pha ca trc Oy.
Ty theo s giao im ca hai ng, thc hin theo yu cu ca .
th ca 2 ng cong phi v trn cng 1 trc ta .
Nn dng lnh plot khi v min D xc nh.
ti 6
Kho st s hi t ca tch phn suy rng.
Cu 1 SV thc hin trc tip trn my tnh vi hm s f(x) v cc cn
tch phn c nhp t bn phm theo yu cu ca GV, khng xt cc
hm m biu thc f(x) ca n cha cc hm logarit, hm lng gic v
lng gic ngc, hm m).
V th ng cong.
Xc nh cc im k d v phn loi tch phn suy rng.
Kho st s hi t ca tch phn suy rng.
Tnh tch phn suy rng ( nu c).
SV c th tham kho mt s gi cho trc nh sau:
1. f (x) = (x 1)/(x
2
x + 1), a = 2; b = +
2. f (x) = (x 1)/(x
2
(x + 1)
1/3
), a = 0; b = +
3. f (x) = (x 1)/(x
x + 1), a = 2; b = 10
4. f (x) = (x 1)/((x
2
+ 1)
x + 1), a = 1; b = +
5. f (x) =
x/(x + 1)(x 1)
1/3
, a = 1; b = +
6. f (x) = (x 1)/(x
x + 1), a = ; b = 10
ti 6
Cu 2 SV vit mt on code chy chng trnh.
1) Input: Nhp hm f(x) v cc cn t bn phm. f(x) ch l hm hu t
hoc hm v t vi biu thc trong cn khng m. (Biu thc f(x) khng
cha cc hm logarit, cc hm lng gic v lng gic ngc, hm m).
2) Output:
Tm cc im k d v phn loi tch phn suy rng.
Xt s hi t ca tch phn suy rng.
Tm nghim mu s ca hm f(x) ( xem nh tm im k d) v
xem xt 2 cn ly tch phn phn loi tch phn.
Kho st ln lt i vi tng cn tch phn v im k d:
- Ti cn (nu c), so snh hm f(x) vi hm g(x)=1/x.
- Ti cc im x
0
trng vi cn a, b hu hn ( nu c) hay l cc
im k d, so snh hm f(x) vi hm g(x) =
1
x x
0
.
ti 6
Nu c t nht mt trong cc gii hn (1 pha) cn kho st l khc 0
th v nguyn tc ta kt lun tch phn suy rng phn k. Trng hp
ngc li l tch phn hi t.
Tnh tch phn suy rng ( khng cn x l nu Matlab tnh khng
c).
V th.
ti 7
Tim cn hm y = f (x)
Input
Nhp hm y = f (x).
Output
Cc tim cn
V th v cc tim cn trn cng mt h trc ta .
Gii hn v hng dn
Hm f (x) c hu hn tim cn.
Khng xt cc hm lng gic v hm log.
ti 7
Thut ton:
1
Tim cn ngang v tim cn xin:
Bc 1: Tnh gii hn: a = limit(f , inf ): Nu a l s hu hn th kt
lun tim cn ngang l y = a. Nu a v hn th qua bc 2.
Ch : kim tra a hu hn, ta dng : if a > a 1 . . . end
Bc 2: Tnh gii hn: b = limit(f ax, inf ): Nu b hu hn th
tim cn xin l y = ax + b. Nu khng th hm s khng c tim cn
xin trong trng hp ny.
2
Tim cn ng:
Bc 1: Tch t mu bng lnh [tu mau] = numden(f ), gii phng
trnh mu = 0 tm cc im ng bng lnh diemngo = solve(mau).
Kim tra iu kin tim cn ng: limit(f , diemngo(i )) bng inf th
kt lun x = diemngo(i ) l tim cn ng.
3
V th f v cc tim cn trn cng mt h trc ta .
ti 7
Cu 1 S dng thut ton nu trn vit chng trnh tm tim cn cho cc
hm sau
1
y =
x
3
x
2
+ 1
p n: y = x
2
y = x +
1
x
p n: y = x, x = 0
3
y =
x
2
x
2
1
p n: x = 1, y = 1
4
y =
x
5
(x
2
1)
2
p n: x = 1, y = x
5
y = ln(x)
p n: x = 0
6
y =
x
2
+ ln x
x
p n: x = 0
ti 7
Cu 2 Sinh vin c th s dng hm th vin tm tim cn cho nhng
hm s sau
1
y = e
1
x
p n: x = 0; y = 1
2
y =
3
(x 1)
2
(x 4)
p n: y = x 2
3
y =
x
3
x 1
+ 3x
p n: x = 1; y = 4x
1
2
, y = 2x
1
2
ti 8
Tim cn hm tham s ha
Input
Nhp hm x(t) v y(t).
Output
Cc tim cn.
V th v cc tim cn trn cng 1 h trc ta .
Gii hn v hng dn
Hm x(t), y(t) l cc hm a thc v phn thc hu t.
ti 8
Thut ton
1
Bc 1: Tm tp cc im ng di dng mng a
Gn a = [inf ; inf ]
Gii b = solve(1/xt) v c = solve(1/yt).
Gn mng b, c vo mng a: a = [a; b]; a = [a; c]
2
Bc 2: Kim tra iu kin tim cn (tham kho ti tim cn hm
f (x)): Nn lp mt chng trnh con kim tra.
3
Bc 3: V th f v cc tim cn trn cng h trc ta .
ti 8
Cu 1 S dng thut ton nu trn vit chng trnh tm tim cn cho cc
hm sau
1
x(t) = t,
y(t) = t 1
2
x(t) =
t
3
1+t
2
,
y(t) =
t
3
2t
2
1+t
2
.
3
x(t) =
t
2
+1
t
,
y(t) =
t
3
+1
t
2
.
4
x(t) =
t
2
t1
,
y(t) =
t
2
1
t
.
5
x(t) =
1
tt
2
,
y(t) =
1
tt
3
.
ti 8
hm s sau
1
x(t) = t
3
+ 2t
2
+ t,
y(t) = t
3
+ 3t 2
2
x(t) =
t
2
t
2
1
,
y(t) =
t
2
+1
t+2
.
3
x(t) = e
t
t,
y(t) = e
2t
2t.
ti 9
Phn tch phn thc hu t v tnh nguyn hm
Inputs
Nhp hm phn thc.
Outputs
Xut ra cc phn thc n gin.
ti 9
Thut ton
1
Bc 1: Tch t mu bng lnh [tu mau] = numden(f )
2
Bc 2: Chuyn a thc v dng vc t bng lnh
tu = sym2poly(tu), mau = sym2poly(mau) (Trong matlab, mi a
thc c th biu din dng vc t, v d: f = x
2
3 (1, 0, 3)).
3
Bc 3: Dng lnh [a b c] = residue(tu, mau) tch thnh cc
phn thc n gin dng vc t. Trong c l a thc thng, a l
vc t cha h s ca t, b l vc t cha nghim ca mu.
V d: f =
2
x
3
+ x
dng cc numden trn ta c
tu = 2, mau = x
3
+ x
Dng lnh residue ta c a = (1, 1, 2),b = (i , i , 0), c = [].
Ngha l: f = 0 +
1
x i
+
1
x + i
+
2
x
Ch : Trong khi dng lnh residue, cc nghim phc lin hp lun
k nhau (trong mng b) v cc h s tng ng lun lin hp nhau
(trong mng a). Ta cn phi gom cc phn thc dng phc v thc
v dng vc t v dng a thc bnh thng.
4
Tnh nguyn hm hoc tch phn ca f .
ti 9
Cu 1 Sinh vin c th s dng thut ton nu trn lp trnh cho nhng
hm s sau
1
f (x) =
2
x
2
1
2
f (x) =
x
3
x + 1
x
2
1
3
f (x) =
x
3
x
2
+ 1
4
f (x) =
1
x
2
(x 1)
ti 9
hm s sau
1
f (x) =
1
x(x
2
+ 1)
2
f (x) =
x
x
2
(x
2
+ 2x + 1)
3
f (x) =
1
x(x
2
+ 1)
2
4
f (x) =
x + 1
x
3
(x
2
+ 1)
2
ti 10
Tm cc tr ca hm s trn khong (a,b).
Input: Nhp hm f(x), nhp a, nhp b t bn phm.
Output:
Cc tr v gi tr cc tr.
V th, nh du cc tr trn th.
Gii hn v hng dn:
+ Gii hn:
- Ch lm nhng bi c hu hn cc tr.
- Khng xt hm ghp.
+ Hng dn:
B1: Tm im dng: gii phng trnh y
= 0
B2: Tm cc im o hm khng xc nh: gii phng trnh
1
y
= 0
B3: Xy dng mng cc im ng.
B4: Sp xp cc im ng t b n ln.
B5: Loi cc im ngoi khong (a,b).
ti 10
B6: Xt cc tr: xt nh xt du trn bng BBT.
Nu qua im ng x(i ) o hm i du t m sang dng v m l s
thc hu hn th hm s t cc i tiu ti x(i ) v gi tr cc tiu l m.
Ngc li, nu qua x(i ) o hm i du t dng sang m v m l s
thc hu hn th hm s t cc i ti x(i ) v gi tr cc i l m.
B7: V th. - V f (x) trn khong (a, b)
- nh du cc im cc tr
- M rng: Tm cc tr ca hm c cha tr tuyt i.
Ta cn tm thm cc im m o hm khng tn ti ( v d nh x
0
= 1
trong hm y = 2|x
2
1| + 1 ).
ti 10
Cu 1 Sinh vin c th s dng hm th vin ca MatLab tm cc tr ca
nhng hm sau:
1. f (x) = x
2
2x + 3
2. f (x) = x
3
6x
2
+ 10
3. f (x) = |x
2
1| + x
4. f (x) = x
2/3
Cu 2 Da theo thut ton nu vit chng trnh tm cc tr ca
nhng hm sau
1. f (x) = x
3
6x trn khong (-3,3).
2. f (x) =
x 1
x + 1
trn khong (-4,4).
3. f (x) = (x 1)|x + 2| + 3 trn khong (-3,3).

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