Hướng Dẫn Install Fedora 4

2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Hng dn ci t
Fedora Core 4
Ngun: http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/fedora-install-guide-en/fc4/
Copyright 2005 Red Hat, Inc., Stuart Ellis, Paul W. Frields
Dch bi: L c Thun (thuan1975@gmail.com)
http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/fedora-install-guide-en/fc4/ 1/73
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Table of Contents
Tng quan
1. Bt u ci t
1.1. Booting from Disc
1.2. Using Other Removable Media
1.3. Booting from the Network using PXE
2. Cc cch ci t khc
2.1. Installation from a Network Server
2.1.1. TCP/IP Configuration
2.1.2. Network Service Setup
2.2. Installation from a Hard Drive
3. Xc nh v tr ca bn
4. Nng cp h thng ang tn ti
5. Cc kiu ci t
6. Phn hoch a
6.1. Choosing a Partitioning Method
6.1.1. Setting Up Partitions Automatically
6.1.2. Setting Up Partitions Manually
6.2. General Information on Partitions
6.2.1. Partition Types
6.2.2. Understanding LVM
6.3. Disk Druid
7. Ti khi ng
7.1. Keeping Your Existing Boot Loader Settings
7.2. Booting Additional Operating Systems
7.3. Setting a Boot Loader Password
7.4. Advanced Boot loader Options
8. Cu hnh mng
9. Cu hnh bo mt
10. La chn vng, min
11. Thit lp Mt khu cho Root
12. La chn cc gi tin
13. About to Install
14. Ci t cc gi tin
15. Ln khi ng u tin
16. Cc bc tip theo (trong khi s dng)
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Tng Quan
Fedora Core l mt h iu hnh y dnh cho my bn hoc my Server
vi phn mm c m ngun m
Vng i ca Fedora Core
Fedora Core l mt h thng c tc pht trin rt nhanh n cho
php nhn vin k thut trin khai nhanh mt h thng.
Bn hng dn ny gip bn ci t Fedora Core trn my bn, my sch
tay v server. Ci t h thng ny rt mm do vi mt cht kin thc v Linux
hoc mng my tnh. Nu bn chn gi tr mc nh, Fedora Core s cung
cp cho bn mt HH trn my bn mt cch y nht. n bao gm
c cc chng trnh ng dng c bn, cc tin ch Internet v cc b cng
c cho mt my bn.
Ti liu ny khng i vo chi tit cho tt c cc bc trong qu trnh ci t.
1. Nn tng
D n Fedora Core, ni cc sn phm v ng h cho Fedora Core, n l mt
s tha thun c k gia cng ty RedHat v cng ng pht trin m ngun
m (FOSS). D n Fedora Core c h tr bi Fedora Extras, thm vo cc
gi tin lun c ci t vi h thng Fedora Core.
c thm thng tin v d n Fedora Core, xin thm cc trang web
http://fedora.redhat.com/. Tham kho http://www.opensource.org/ v
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html bit thm thng tin v cc phn
mm m ngun m.
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2. Trc khi bt u.
Ci t Fedora Core t b a, bn cn 4 a CD, hoc a ci t DVD. C
nhng b a tch ri cho mi kin trc. Thng th, Fedora Core h tr tt kin
trc i386, ppc, v x86_64. Cc kin trc c th s c m t di y.
kin trc i386
Vi s l Intel x86 hoc tng ng, bao gm Intel Pentium v Pentium-MMX,
Pentium Pro, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, Celeron, Pentium 4, v Xeon; VIA C3/C3-m
v Eden/Eden-N; v AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP, v Sempron
kin trc PowerPC
Vi s l PowerPC, thng thy trong h thng ca Apple Power Macintosh, G3,
G4, and G5, and IBM pSeries.
kin trc vi s l i386, 64 bit
Nh vi s l 64-bit AMD, Athlon64, Turion64, Opteron; v Intel 64-bit trong h
thng EM64T
Bn c th thy n theo cc ti liu sau:
Bn sao ca Release Notes
Bn sao ca ti liu Hng dn ci t
Release Notes ch r yu cu v phn cng cho mi phin bn ca Fedora Core
n gip ch cho bn khi bn ci t. N cung cp nhng li khuyn khi c bt c
vn g vi phn cng v cu hnh phn mm trn phn cng .
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Release Notes lun c sn trn chic a u tin vi nh dng HTML v text.
Phin bn mi nht chnh l hng dn ci t v Release Notes lun c tm
thy http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/.
2.1. Mng
Theo mc nh, h thng Fedora Core c gng pht hin ng nht kt ni c
gn vi mng s dng giao thc DHCP (giao thc iu khin Host ng). Mng
ca bn lun cung cp mt DHCP, n c phn phi t mt h thng khc.
Cung cp DHCP c th l Router hoc im truy cp Wireless, hoc l chnh
Server ca bn.
Trong trng hp c bit bn c th cn n s gip v thng tin t mng
my tnh m bn ang s dng. c thm nhiu thng tin xin tham kho phn
to Section 2.3, Installing from a Network Server and Section 2.4, Installing
Fedora Core on a Managed Network.
Cu hnh Modem
Ci t h thng Fedora Core khng cu hnh modem. Nu my
tnh ca bn c modem, cu hnh quay s c thit lp sau khi bn
ci t thnh cng v thc hin Reboot
2.2. Ci t Fedora Core nh mt Server
Fedora Core bao gm b phn mm hon thin mt dch v mng ln. ci
t mt h thng vi cc dch v mng chung nht, chn kiu ci Server trong
khi ci t. c thm nhiu thng tin xin tham kho Chapter 5, Installation
Types. Bn c th chn gi phn mm mt cch ring bit trong qu trnh ci
t, hoc ci t tt c chng.
2.3. Ci t t my Server.
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ci t Fedora Core s dng dch v ci t qua mng bn cn tun theo cc
bc sau:
tn my server
giao thc ca mng m bn s dng ci t (FTP, HTTP, hoc NFS)
ng dn cc file ci t
Ci t qua mng yu cu khI ng thng qua mt im trung gian, tr khi my
tnh ca bn s dng khI ng thng qua Pre-boot eXecution Environment.
Khi ng my tnh t b a DVD, a u tin ca b a CD, hoc a USB.
Pre-boot eXecution Environment (tham kho netboot) l mt chun PCs c
th s dng cc file trn server nh mt thit b c th khi ng. Fedora Core
bao gm tin ch cho php n thc thi nh mt Pre-boot eXecution Environment
server thng qua mt my tnh khc.
Khi ng my tnh c gii thch k phn tip theo Chapter 1, Beginning the
Installation.
2.4. Ci t Fedora Core trn Managed Network
Mt vi mng trong cng ty lun bao gm mt th mc dch v, n qun l ti
khon ngi dng trong mt t chc. H thng Fedora Core c th lin kt n
mt Kerberos, NIS, Hesiod, or Microsoft Windows domain nh mt phn ca
qu trnh ci t. Fedora Core c th s dng cc th mc LDAP.
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Tham kho n ngi qun tr mng
Nu bn cn ci t ngoi (ni m bn khng bit chnh xc cu
hnh mng). Lun tham kho ngi qun tr mng trc khi bn ci
t h thng Fedora Core trn mt mng tn ti. H c th cung
cp cho bn mt cch chnh xc mng v thm qun c thit lp,
v cc iu khon c bit, cc yu cu trong cng ty
Chng 1. Bt u ci t
Bt u ci t Fedora Core, khi ng my tnh thng qua thit b khi ng
trung gian. Bn c th ci t t a CD hoc DVD, USB, HDD, hoc my tnh
trn mng.
Ci t t a mm
Khng c ty chn c th ci Fedora Core t a mm
BIOS trn my tnh ca bn phi h tr cch thc khi ng t thit b trung gian
bn chn. Chnh BIOS chp nhn mt vi thit b phn cng trong khi khi
ng. Bt k my tnh no ph hp vi khuyn caod ti thiu ca Fedora Core
u c th khi ng t a th nht trn a CD hoc DVD. a USB l
cng ngh mi, nhng nhiu my tnh c th s dng chng nh mt thit b khi
ng. Mt vi Card mng v chipset h tr cho vic khi ng thng qua
PXE. PXE (pht m ging nh pixie) cho php bn ti cc file khi ng t trn
my Server thay cho vic lin kt trc tip n phn cng.
Nu bn cha chc chn rng my tnh ca bn kh kh nng hoc cch cu
hnh ca BIOS, bn hy tham kho cc ti liu c cung cp bi nh sn xut.
Cc thng tin chi tit v phn cng c bit v cu hnh n lun c trong ti liu.
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Hy b ci t
Bt c ti thi im no trong qu trnh ci t trc khi mn hnh
Installing Packages, nhn Ctrl-Alt-Del hoc tt ngun my tnh bi
nt ngt ngun. Fedora Core s khng thay i bt c gi tin no
trn my tnh ca bn cho n khi qu trnh ci t bt u
1.1. Khi ng t a
Khi ng my tnh t a
1. Bt ngun my tnh
2. a a th nht vo a CD hoc DVD.
3. Mn hnh khi ng s xut hin. vi li mi boot:
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Figure 1.1. Boot Screen
Nu bn nhn Enter, vic ci t s chy vi ch mc nh. Trong ch
mc nh ny ci t chy t a CD or DVD, v s dng giao din ha nu
mn hnh hp l. thay i ch ci t, ti li mi boot:, g linux theo mt
hoc vi ty chn:
ci t t a cng hoc mng, thm li dn askmethod.
s dng giao din text, thm li dn text.
Nu ci t c li ti thi im u tin, c gng ci t, thm li dn
acpi=off.
Tham kho Release Notes bit thm cc ty chn, n gip bn nu bn
gp nhng vn trong chng trnh ci t. Thng th mt bn Release Notes
lun c http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/.
Khi bn xc nh lnh ti li mi boot:, mn th nht ca chng trnh ci t s
c bt u. Sau khi ti , mn hnh di y s xut hin.
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Figure 1.2. Media Test Screen
Chn OK kim tra cht lng a, chn Skip bt u ci t b qua vic
kim tra a.
Kim tra a
Kim tra a, n gip bn khng c a b li. Mt a li trong qu
trnh ci t khin bn phi lm li ton b qu trnh ci t .
Sau khi kim tra a th nht, mt mn hnh khc xut hin v hin th kt qu:
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Figure 1.3. Media Check Result
Chn OK, theo mn hnh:
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Figure 1.4. Next Disc Screen
Chn Test kim tra a tip theo trong b a, hoc Continue thc hin
ci t
Sau khi kim tra b a v chn Continue, hoc nu bn chn b qua vic kim
tra. Chng trnh ci t vi giao din ha s c ti vo.
Khi ng t a, nhng ci t t mt thit b khc hoc trn mng, ti li mi
boot: s dng lnh linux askmethod. Fedora Core ch khi ng t CD vi duy nht
mc ch ny m thi, n cha trn a th nht ca b a ci t Fedora Core
nh mt file ISO, images/boot.iso.
a file ISO trn a CD, s dng ty chn trong chng trnh ghi a CD.
Nu bn sao chp file vo a CD, a sec khng khi ng c mt
cch chnh xc. Thamm kho thm ti liu ca chng trnh ghi a CD. Nu bn
s dng Linux, s dng lnh ghi file nh vo a CD trng.
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cdrecord --device=cdwriter-device -tao -eject image-file.iso
Th t khi ng ca BIOS
BIOS lun c thit lp, n cho php iu khin th t cc thit b
khi ng. Nu my tnh ca bn khi ng t mt thit b khng
phi t Fedora Core, hy kim tra li cu hnh khi ng trong BIOS.
1.2. S dng thit b lu tr trung gian
s dng a USB hoc card Compact Flash nh mt thit b khi ng, ghi
cc file cn thit vo thit b . Thit b phi ln cha cc file nh.
1.2.1. Chun b cho vic khi ng
Mt d liu
Th tc ny ph hy d liu trn thit b trung gian. Sao lu tt c
cc thng tin quan trng trc khi bt u. Mt vi kiu USB s
dng cc phn vng hoc phn mm cung cp cc chc nng
m ha. Th tc lm cho n thm phc tp hoc khng th truy
cp n nhng vng c bit trn thit b khi ng.
File images/diskboot.img trn a ci t th nht c thit k khi ng t
USB. File ny c trong FTP v Web site cung cp bi Fedora Core.
Core:
1.V tr ca file nh.
2.Ngn hoc ghi vo thit b.
3.Nu t nhin thit ng hoc ngt lin kt trc khi tip tc th h
thng ca bn phi t ng pht hin v m c thit b .
4. M mt ca s Terminal.
5. Trong ca s , xc nh lnh
6.dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/sda1
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1.2.2. Khi ng t thit b trung gian
Khi ng my tnh ca bn t thit b trung gian c chun b:
1. Gn hoc a thit b vo.
2. Bt my tnh
3. Mt mn hnh khi ng s xut hin, vi li cho boot: bt u, n
gin l nhn phm Enter.
Th t khi ng ca BIOS
Trong BIOS lun c phn thit lp vic iu khin th t khi ng
t cc thit b. Nu my tnh khi ng t mt thit b khng phi
ca Fedora Core, hy kim tra li cu hnh khi ng ca BIOS.
1.3. Khi ng t mng s dng PXE
Khi ng vi PXE, bn cn cu hnh Server v giao din mng trn my sao
cho n c h tr PXE.
Cu hnh my tnh khi ng t giao tip mng. Ty chn ny nm trong BIOS,
v thng c gn nh Network Boot hoc Boot Services. cu hnh khi ng
PXE ng th my tnh c th khi ng vi h thng ci t Fedora Core m
khng cn n bt k thit b trung gian no.
Khi ng my tnh r Server PXE.
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1. Chc chn rng cp mng c gn vo my. n ch th lin kt
bt sng trn l ci jack mng, tr khi my tnh khng phi l chuyn
mch.
2. Bt ngun my tnh.
3. Xut hin thc n trn mn hnh. Nhn kha tng ng vi ty chn
c t.
Figure 1.5. Welcome to Red Hat Network Installer
Chn mt ty chn ci t trn mng tip tc.
G ri cho PXE
Nu my tnh khng khi ng c t my tnh mng, chc chn
rng BIOS cu hnh khi ng t mng c t ln u tin.
Mt vi BIOS xc nh giao tip mng l mt thit b khi ng,
nhng n khng h tr chun PXE. bit thm thng tin xin tham
kho thm ti liu v phn cng.
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Chng 2. Cc cch thc ci t khc.
Cch thc ci t ny s xut hin nu bn thc hin theo:
1. Bn khi ng t PXE, hoc USB
2. Bn nhp ty chn askmethod ti li mi boot:
Figure 2.1. Installation Method Screen
Bt sng phng thc ci t trong danh sch, v nhn OK.
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Tnh hot ng ca CD/DVD
Nu a Fedora Core nm trn a CD hoc DVD, th chng trnh
ci t s ti n vo t a . chng trnh ci t ti cc gi tin t
ngun m bn chn.
2.1. Ci t t my ch
Bn c th ci Fedora Core t mt my ch s dng giao thc FTP, HTTP, hoc
NFS
2.1.1. Cu hnh TCP/IP
Gi tr mc nh, chng trnh ci t t ng s dng DHCP (IP ng) c
cung cp bi mng. Nu mng khng c Server DHCP, loI b ty chn trn
nhn Use dynamic IP configuration v nhp vo cc tham s bng tay. Chn
OK tip tc
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Figure 2.2. Configure TCP/IP Dialog
Chng trnh ci t cho php bn cu hnh mng ln cui.
2.1.2. Ci dch v mng
Cc dch v FTP, HTTP v NFS c hp i thoI gn ging nhau. Mi ci u
yu cu tn hoc a ch IP ca dch v , v mt th mc ni cha cc th
ci t.
Figure 2.3. FTP Setup Dialog
Thit lp dch v FTP c ty chn non-anonymous FTP. Nu dch v FTP ca
bn khng h tr try cp anonymous, chn la chn ny, v cung cp tn
account v password cho hp thoi. Chn OK tip tc.
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Figure 2.4. Non-anonymous FTP Account Dialog
2.2. Ci t t a cng
Bn c th ci t t a cng cha ng cc file nh ca a Fedora Core. a
cng ny phi nm trong my tnh hoc ngn vi USB. Phn vng trn a
cng lu tr cc file ISO phi c nh dng file l ext2, ext3 hoc vfat. Trong
Fedora Core vfat bao hm mt vng cc file h thng, nh FAT-16 v FAT-32 m
n tm thy c trn thit b lu tr. cng ngoi thng cha h thng file vfat
(FAT-32). Mt vi h thng ca Microsoft Windows dng h thng file vfat trn
cc phn vng a cng gn trong my
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Phn vng FAT-16, FAT-32, v vfat
Trc khi bn bt u ci t t a cng, kim tra kiu phn vng
(partition) chc chn rng Fedora Core c th c c chng.
kim tra h thng file di nn Windows, s dng cng c Disk
Management. kim tra h thng file di nn Linux, s dng tin
ch fdisk
Bn khng th s dng file ISO trn cc phn vng iu khin bi LVM - Logical
Volume Management. bit thm thng tin xin tham kho Section 6.2,
General Information on Partitions
Nu bn chn ty chn ny, s thy mn hnh nh di y.
Figure 2.5. Select Partition Screen
Chn phn vng cha cc file ISO t danh sch phn vng c lit k. Tn
a IDE gn bn trong my c bt u l /dev/hd. Tn a SCDI hoc USB
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c bt u l /dev/sd. Mi mt a c lp c mt ch i in, v d nh /
dev/had. Mi mt phn vng trn mt a l mt s, v d nh /dev/sda1
Xc nh Directory holding images (th mc cha file nh). Nhp y
ng dn dn a cha ng cc file nh ISO.
Chn OK tip tc
Chng 3. Xc nh v tr ca bn
Nu h thng ci t ca bn b fail m ni c xc nh do phn cng trn
my, n a ra mn hnh text hn l mt giao din ha. Mn hnh text cung
cp cc hm chc nng ging nh mn hnh chun vy. Sau qu trnh ci t
c th hng dn bn hin th chnh xc phn cng.
Important
Ci t qua mng vi HTTP v FTP thng s dng mn hnh
text vi h thng c t RAM (< 128M)
3.1. La chn ngn ng
Chng trnh ci t hin th danh sch cc ngn ng m Fedora Core h tr
(trong c c ting Vit)
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Figure 3.1. Language Selection Screen
im sng ngn ng c chn trong danh sch v nhn Next
Thm ngn ng h tr cho vic ci t.
chn h tr thm ngn ng, khch hng ci t cc gi tin ti
phn thm/bt gi tin. c thm thng tin, xin tham kho
Section 12.3, Additional Language Support .
3.2. Cu hnh Bn phm
Chng trnh ci t hin th danh sch cc bn phm c Fedora Core h tr.
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Figure 3.2. Keyboard Configuration Screen
im sng ng bn phm trong danh sch, v nhn Next
Chng 4. B xung vo h thng tn ti
Chng trnh ci t t ng pht hin bt k Fedora Core tn ti. Qu trnh
b xung s thm vo h thng ang tn ti nhng phin bn mi nht, nhng n
khng loi b bt k d liu no trn cy th mc ca ngi dng . Cu trc
phn vng ang tn ti trn a cng ca bn khng b thay i. Cu hnh h
thng ca bn ch b thay i nu cc gi tin chop nhn nng cp. Rt nhiu
gi tin nng cp khng thay i trn h thng, nhng tr khi bn ci thm cc file
cu hnh cho nhng g bn kim tra.
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4.1. B xung vo phn kim tra
Nu h thng ca bn cha mt bn Fedora Core hoc Red Hat, th mt mn
hnh nh di y s xut hin.
Figure 4.1. Upgrade Examine Screen
thc thi vic b xung vo h thng tn to, chn cch ci t t menu th
xung v chn Next.
Hng dn cho cc phn mm c ci t
Phm mm, nhng ci c ci t trn h thng Fedora Core
hoc Red Hat ang tn ti c th rt khc sau khi bn b xung. Bn
cn dch li mt s phn mm sau khi bn nng cp m n thc thi
mt cch ng n trn h thng va c nng cp.
4.2. Nng cp cu hnh khi ng.
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Ci t Fedora Core mt cch hon thin cn phi ng k boot loader khi
ng. boot loader l phn mm trn my, n xc nh v bt u cho mt HH.
bit thm thng tin v boot loader xin xem Chapter 7, Boot Loader
Figure 4.2. Upgrade Bootloader Screen
Nu mt boot loader c ci t bi mt nh phn phi Linux, h thng ci
t c th s i n ti vo h thng Fedora Core mi. nng cp boot
loader Linux ang tn ti, chn Update boot loader configuration. l gi tr
mc nh khi bn nng cp vi mt Fedora Core hay Red Hat tn ti
GRUB l chun boot loader ca Fedora Core. Nu my ca bn s dng mt
boot loader khc, nh BootMagic, System Commander, hoc loader
c ci t bi Microsoft Windows, th h thng ci t ca Fedora Core khng
th nng cp n. Trong trng hp ny, chn Skip boot loader updating. Khi
qu trnh ci t hon thin, tham kho thm ti liu h tr thm cho sn
phm ca bn.
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Ci t b boot loader nh mt phn ca qu trnh nng cp ch khi bn mun
thay i boot loader ang tn ti. Nu bn ci t mt boot loader mi, bn
khng c kh nng khi ng HH khc trn my tnh cho n khi bn c
c cu hnh boot loader mi ny. Chn Create new boot loader
configuration loi b boot loader ang tn ti v ci t GRUB.
Sau khi bn thc hin chn la, nhn Next tip tc
Chng 5. Kiu ci t
installation type l nhn m t cch thc m bn mun s dng h thng
Fedora Core. Mt vi kiu ci t c nh ngha sn trong chng trnh ci
t ca Fedora Core. Nu bn l ngi mi bt u, chn kiu ci t trong
dng ci t. Chng trnh ci t to ra mt vi la chn c bn bn c th
s dng ngay. Cc la chn nay bao gm c vic phn vng trn a cng, v
cc gi phn mm s ci t. Tt c cc kiu du cho php ty la chn.
5.1. Chn kiu ci t
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Figure 5.1. Installation Type Screen
My tnh bn (thng c dng nh my vn phng)
y l kiu chn mc nh. N cung cp mt mi trng lm vic vi giao din
ha, cc ng dng internet v a phng tin
Trm lm vic (thng lm mt nhim v c th, duy nht)
Kiu ci t ny bao hm cc phn mm c ci t trn my bn
(Personal Desktop), v thm cc phn mm pht trin, qun tr h thng.
Chn kiu ci t ny nu bn mun bin dch phn mm t m ngun.
My ch (my phc v cc yu cu dng internet .v.v.)
Kiu ci t ny cung cp cc dch v mng nh dch v Web v dch v Samba,
v cc cng c qun tr. Kiu ci t ny khng h tr mi trng ha
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Ty
Kiu ci t ny khng h tr bt k s b tr no cho cc phn vng. N khng
bao hm cc phn mm nh my bn (Personal Desktop). Nu thc hin ci
t Custom, th chng trnh ci t a ra hp thoi bn chn trong qu
trnh ci t
Nhn Next khi bn chn c mt.
5.2. Special Considerations
Tt c Fedora Core ci t lun bao hm cc dnh v mng:
eMail thng qua Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
chia s file trn mng thng qua Network File System
in n thng qua Common UNIX Printing System
truy cp t xa thng qua Secure SHell
Mt vi qu trnh ca Fedora Core s dng dch v email t cc bo co gi v
cc th tn ca h thng qun tr. Gi tr mc nh, dch v email v in n khng
truy cp c t mt h thng khc. Tuy nhin Fedora Core lin kt n dch v
NFS trn h thng khc, NFS chia s cc thnh phn khng c cho php bi
gi tr mc nh. Bn c th cu hnh h thng Fedora Core sau khi ci t thnh
cng cho dch v email, NFS, in n. Gi tr mc nh ca dch v SSH lun c
cho php.
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Ci t ti thiu
Ci t ti thiu, chn kiu ci t Custom. Trn mn hnh Package
Group Selection, chn nhm cc gi Minimal. Ci t Minimal ch
bao hm cc dch v email, in n, NFS, SSH. y l kiu ci t c
th s dng ht tnh nng ca bc tng la hoc cc h thng c
bit trn mt dch v c cc tnh nng nht nh.
Chng 6. Phn hoch a
Nu bn mi dng Linux, bn nn s dng phng php phn vng a t ng.
Nu bn c kinh nghim s dng Linux, hy dng phng php th cng
iu khin cu hnh h thng, hoc chn v thay i cc phn vng c
nh ngha t ng.
Figure 6.1. Disk Partitioning Setup Screen
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
6.1. Chn phng php phn hoch
6.1.1. Thit lp mt cch t ng
Chn mc Automatic partitioning ti menu phn vng a iu chnh phn
vng a. Disk Druid s cho thm cc ty chn
Figure 6.2. Automatic Partitioning Setup Screen
Xa b tt cc phn vng Linux trn h thng
Xa tt c cc phn vng ext2, ext3 v Linux swap trn a.
Xa b tt cc phn vng trn h thng
Xa b tt c cc phn vng trn a cng
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Gi li tt c cc phn vng v ch s dng phn cha dng n
Ch s dng khong khng gian khng nm trong bt k phn vng no trn
(cc) a cng ci Fedora Core
La chn, quyt nh.
Tip theo, chn bt k a m bn mun phn vng Linux. Nu h thng ca
bn c duy nht mt a cng, th a c chn t ng. Bt k a no
c chn s dng phn vng Linux theo ty chn pha trn. Ty chn
c chn bao trm tt c, v bn khng th c chn la khc cho mi a.
Tn thit b
Nu bn cn ln xn trong trong vic s dng tn thit b, tra cu
n http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/partition-2.html.
xem qua cu hnh phn vng a t ng, chn checkbox Review
Nu bn xa tt c cc phn vng ang tn ti, chng trnh ci t s hi bn
bn xc nhn la chn ny. Sau khi bn xem qua v chp nhn cu hnh
phn vng, chn Next tip tc. Tin n Chapter 7, Boot Loader .
6.1.2. Chn phn vng a th cng (c hng dn)
thit lp tt c cc phn vng th cng, chn Manually partition with Disk
Druip. Nu bn c yu cu c th v cu hnh phn vng, Nu bn bit r phn
vng cho h thng file trn Linux lm vic nh th no, chn phng php ny.
n mc Section 6.3, Disk Druid . Mt khc, read Section 6.2, General
Information on Partitions.
6.2. Cc thng tin chung trn cc Phn vng
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
H thng Fedora Core c t nht ba phn vng:
Mt phn vng gn cho /boot
Mt phn vng gn cho / (root system)
Mt phn vng cho swap
Mt vi h thng c nhiu phn vng hn s ti thiu. Trn h thng ca bn
thc t ch cn chn phn vng ti thiu. Nu bn khng chc chn cch la
chn, hy s dng phng php Automatic Partitioning, xem phn Section 6.1,
Choosing a Partitioning Method.
Phn vng d liu c mount point. Mount point cho thy l mt th mc
chim mt vng nht nh trn partition. Mt phn vng khng gn vi bt k
im no ngi dng truy cp. D liu nm bt k phn vng no trn phn
vng / (hoc root)
Root and /root
Phn vng / (hoc root) l cu trc cao nht ca cy th mc. Th
mc /root (i khi ngi ta b bt i thnh root) l th mc ch ca
ngi qun tr h thng (ngi c quyn cao nht trong h thng
Fedora Core)
Trong cu hnh ti thiu n c th hin nh:
Trong cu hnh ti thiu s c nh di y.
Tt c d liu di th mc /boot/ nm trong phn vng /boot. V d nh,
cc file /boot/grup/grup.conf nm trong phn vng /boot.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Bt k file no nm ngoi phn vng /boot, nh /etc/passwd, nm trn phn
vng /
Th mc con c th thit k tt nh cc phn vng vy. Mt vi ngi qun tr
to ra ph vng /usr v /usr/local. Trong trng hp ny cc file trong /usr/local, v
nh /usr/local/bin/foo, s nm trn phn vng /usr/local. Bt k mt file no trong /
usr/, nh /usr/bin/foo, s nm trn phn vng /usr.
Nu bn to mt vi phn vng thay v mt phn vng ln l /, vic nng cp s
d hn. c thm thng tin, xin tham kho Disk Druid's Edit option
6.2.1. Kiu phn vng
Mi phn vng c cc partition type (kiu phn vng), xc nh khun dng
cho cc file system (file h thng) trn
6.2.2. Hiu bit v LVM
Phn vng Logical Volume Management (LVM) cung cp rt nhiu tnh nng vt
tri i vi phn vng chun. Phn vng LVM c nh dng nh physical
volumes (vng vt l). Mt hoc nhiu vng vt l kt hp vi nhau thnh mt
volume group (nhm cc vng). Mi mt vng t hp lu tr li c chia ra
thnh logical volumes (vng logic). Chc nng trn vng logic ging nh phn
vng d liu chun vy. N c nhng nhng kiu, nh ext3 v im gn kt.
(Ghi ch ring ca dch gi LVM gp tt c cc vng vt l trn mt h
thng thnh mt vng vt l c dung lng rt ln, LVM c bn l ton b
khng gian trn a cng ca h thng V d: nu my ca bn c 02
a cng vi dung lng 20Gb v 30Gb C 2 physical volumes l 20Gb
v 30Gb, physical group l 50Gb. Trn physical volumes ny ta li chia nh
thnh cc phn vng, cc phn vng ny chnh l logical volumes)
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Khng ging nh phn vng a chun, ngi qun tr c th tng/gim logical
volumes m khng lm mt d liu. Nu physical volumes trong volume group
nm trn a trng th ngi qun tr c th a logical volume qua a khc v
h thng RAID
(Ghi ch ring ca dch gi - RAID = Redundant Array Idependen Disk. V
c bn n l s sp t h thng a cng thnh mt khi gip ngi
qun tr tng tc truy cp a cng (Level 0) cng nh bo m s an
ton ca d liu khi a cng vt l c s c (Level1) .v.v.)
T ng phn vng v LVM
T ng phn vng l ty chn to ra cc phn vng ging nh vng
LVM (Logical Volumns Management)
6.3. Disk Druid (tng tc a)
Disk Druid l tnh tng tc ca chng trnh phn chia phn vng. Ngi dng
ch chy n vi h thng Fedora Core. Disk Druid h tr RAID v Logical
Volumns Management cung cp vng lu tr tin cy v ln hn.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 6.3. Disk Setup Screen
Chng trnh ci t a ra cc hnh ng theo Disk Druid
im mi
Chn la chn ny thm mt phn vng hoc phn vng vt l trn a cng.
Trong hp thoi Add partition, chn mt im gn v mt kiu phn vng. Nu
bn c hiu a cng (vt l) trn h thng, hy chn a c phn vng cn tt.
a kch thc theo Megabytes cho mi phn vng.
Phn vng bt hp php
Th mc /bin/, /dev/, /etc/, /lib/, /proc/, /root/, v /sbin/ khng th s
dng phn vng trng trn Disk Druid. Th mc ny ch
dnh cho phn vng / (root) m thi.
Phn vng /boot khng th nm trn LVM volume group. To
phn vng /boot trc khi cu hnh bt c volume group no.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Bn c th chn trong 3 la chn kch thc cho phn vng:
Kch thc c nh
S dng kch thc c nh thc th thch hp
Dng y khong trng c c
Tng kch thc phn vng ln Maximum
Dng ht c kch thc cho php
Tng phn vng cho n khi y phn cn li trn a c chn
Kch thc phn vng
Thc t phn vng trn a c th nh hn hoc ln hn mc
m bn chn cht t. y ch l hiu ng hnh hc (tnh
ton) m thi, n khng phi l li hay sai.
Sau khi bn xc nhn chi tit cho phn vng, chn OK tip tc
Sa cha
Chn ty chn ny sa i mt phn vng tn ti. LVM volume group,
hoc mt LVM physical volume khng phi l mt phn ca volume group.
thay i kch thc ca phn vng LVM physical trc tin phi loi b n t bt
k volume group no.
Loi b Logical Volume Management Physical Volumes
Nu bn loi b LVM physical volume t mt volume group,
bn s xa ht cc logical volumes cha trn .
Sa i phn vng thay i kch thc, im gn kt hoc kiu file system
ca n. S dng chc nng sau :
sa li cho ng li trong vic thit lp phn vng
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
nu bn nng cp hoc ci li Fedora Core, di chuyn phn vng Linux
cung cp mt im gn kt cho phn vng non-Linux nh vic dng phn
vng trn HH Windows (2 HH dng chung 1 phn vng).
Phn vng Windows
Bn khng th dng nhn phn vng Windows s dng h
thng file NTFS vi mt im gn kt trong Fedora Core. Bn
ch c th dng im gn kt cho phn vng vi nhn vfat
(FAT16, FAT32)
Nu bn cn thay i chit trn cc phn vng, bn cn phi xa cc phn
vng v bt u li. Nu a ca bn cha d liu m bn cn, hy b qua, quay
li im khi u trc khi bn sa cha bt k mt phn vng no. Nu bn
thay i kch thc phn vng, c th bn s mt d liu.
Nu h thng ca bn c mt vi phn vng trng v d liu ca user, rt d
dng cho vic nng cp h thng. Chng trnh ci t cho php bn xa hoc
gi li d liu trn cc phan vng xc nh. Nu bn s dng d liu ca user
trn phn vng /home, bn c th gi li d liu cho n khi phn vng h
thng b xa nh /boot.
Xa
Chn la chn ny xa cc phn vng ang tn ti hoc LVM physical
volume. xa mt LVM physical volume, trc tin phi xa cc volume group
ca nhng physical volume.
Nu bn gy ra li, hy s dng ty chn Reset loi b tt c cc thay i
va to ra
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Lm li
Chn la chn ny Disk Druid thc hin loi b tt c nhng g m bn
thay i trn phn vng a cng.
RAID
Radumdant Array Idependen Disk
Chn la chn ny thit lp trn phn mm RAID cho Fedora Core.
Khi to phn vng RAID mm
Chn la chn ny thm phn vng cho phn RAID mm. Ty chn l la
chn duy nht nu a ca bn khng cha phn mm phn vng RAID.
To thit b RAID
Chn la chn ny dng ln thit b RAID t 2 hoc nhiu phn vng phn
mm RAID. Ty chn ny lun c sn nu 2 phan vng mm RAID c cu
hnh.
Nhn bn mt a t thit b to RAID
Chn la chn ny thit lp nh RAID trn a tn ti. ty chn ny lun
c sn nu c hai hoc nhiu a c gn vo h thng.
Logical Volumns Management
La chn ny thit lp Logical Volumns Management trn Fedora Core.
Trc tin to t nht mt phn vng hoc thit b RAID mm nh LVM physical
volume, s dng hp thoi New (-xem phn trc-)
gn mt hoc nhiu physical volumes ti mt volume group, tn u tin ca
volume group. Th chn physical volumes dng trong volumes group. Cui cng,
cu hnh logical volumes trn bt k volume group no bng cch s dng ty
chn Add, Edit, Delete
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Bn khng th di chuyn mt physical volume t mt volume group nu khong
trng cho php khng cho group's logical volumes. V d, nu mt volume
group c thit lp trn hai phn vng LVM physical volume 5Gb th n cha
c mt logical volume 8Gb. Ngi ci t khng th di chuyn bt k thnh
phn no trn physical volume , tr khi ch di chuyn 5Gb trong nhm logical
volume 8Gb. Nu bn gim bt kch thc ca bt k mt logical volumes cho
thch hp, bn c th xa mt physical volume t volume group. Trong v d ny,
gim kch thc ca logical volume ti 4Gb th cho php bn di chuyn mt
physical volumes 5Gb.
Sau khi bn kt thc cc thit lp v xem qua cu hnh phn vng, chn Next
tip tc qu trnh ci t.
Chng 7. Ti khi ng
boot loader l chng trnh cho php c v hng dn HH khi ng. Fedora
Core s dng chng trnh boot loader ca GRUB. Nu bn c nhiu HH trn
cng mt h thng, xc nh th t khi ng, thng th c mt menu hng
dn.
Bn c th ci boot laoder trn h thng hin c. HH c th tham kho n
boot loader, hoc c ci t bi nh sn xut th 3. Nu bootloader khng
c khuyn co t Fedora Core th bn khng th khi ng c bng Fedora
Core. S dng GRUB l bootloader khi Linux v rt nhiu HH khc. Theo
hng dn ca phn ny th ci GRUB.
Ci t GRUB
Nu bn ci GRUB, n s ghi ln b boot loader c ang tn ti
ca bn
Theo sau l mn hnh vi cc ty chn ca boot loader.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 7.1. Boot Loader Configuration Screen
7.1. Gi li cc thit lp ca boot loader tn ti.
Mc nh, chng trnh ci t ci GRUB vo master boot loader, hoc MBR,
ca thit b chnh. thay i hoc b ci boot loader mi, chn Change boot
loader. Hp thoi Figure 7.2, Change Boot Loader s xut hin ci hoc
thay i cc thit lp boot loader ang tn ti.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 7.2. Change Boot Loader
Yu cu ca boot loader
My tnh ca bn phi c GRUB hoc boot loader c ci
xc nh th t bt u. tr khi bn khi ng t a khi ng ring.
7.2 Thm cc HH vo bng Boot
Nu bn c cc HH khc c ci t, Fedora Core s c gng th pht
hin v cu hnh chng vo trong GRUB. Nu GRUB khng pht hin ra, th bn
c th thit lp cu hnh cho bt k HH no. thm/bt hoc thay i thit
lp HH c pht hin, s dng ty chn provided.
Thm
Nhn nt Add thm HH vo trong GRUB. Fedora Core hin th hp i thoi
nh hnh Figure 7.3, Adding Operating Systems to the Boot Menu .
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Chn phn vng cha HH c sn trong danh dch th xung (drop-down)
v cung cp nhn cho n. GRUB cng a ra cc nhn cho n
Sa li
thay i cc mc trong menu boot ca GRUB, chn mc v nhn Edit.
Xa
xa mt mc (i tng) trong menu GRUB, chn i tng v nhn
Delete.
Figure 7.3. Adding Operating Systems to the Boot Menu
7.3. Thit lp Password cho boot loader
GRUB c c rt nhiu h thng file tr khi HH khng c h tr. Mt
tc ng c th lm sai qu trnh khi ng t vic chn mt HH khc khi
ng, ty chn boot thay i, hoc pht hin ra mt HH b li. Tuy nhin chc
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
nng ny c th t vo trong mi trng bo mt. Bn c th thm password
khi GRUB hot ng phi nhp password thay v c th t khi ng bnh
thng
Khng yu cu Password cho GRUB
Bn c th khng cn password cho GRUB nu bn ch c duy nht
mt h thng
Tuy nhin, nu tnh c ai truy cp vo keyboard v monitor my
tnh ca bn, ngi c th khi ng li h thng v truy cp vo
GRUB. Chnh y password rt c ch.
thit lp password cho qu trnh boot, chn Use a boot loader password.
nt Change password s c kch hot. Chn Change password lm xut
hin hp thoi nh di y. G password v xc nhn n mt ln na.
Figure 7.4. Entering A Boot Password
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
La chn mt password tt
Password pho nh vi bn nhng kh i vi nhng ngi khc
Qun password
GRUB cha password di dng c m ha, n khng th c
hoc phc hi c. Nu bn qun password ca boot, khi ng
li h thng mt cch bnh thng v thay i mc password trong
file /boot/grub/grub.conf. Nu bn khng khi ng c, bn c th s
dng ch cu nguy trn a u tin ca Fedora Core reset
GRUB password.
Nu bn cn thay i GRUB password, s dng tin ch grub-md5-crypt. Cc thng
tin s dng tin ch, s dng lnh man grup-md5-crypt trn terminal c trang
hng dn.
7.5. Ty chn cao cp ca Boot loader
Mc nh ty chn boot l kh y i vi nhng ngi bnh thng. chng
trnh ci t ghi boot loader GRUB vo master boot record (MBR), vit ln
bn boot loader ang tn ti.
gi li boot loader c trn MBR, s dng cc thit lp cao cp ca GRUB
trn sector u tin ca phn vng h thng file Linux.
Bn cn n tnh nng cao cp ny nu BIOS chp nhn iu khin a khc
hn l Fedora Core. Trn mt vi h thng, Fedora Core khng c cu hnh
trn a mt cch chnh tc v li ca BIOS. gii quyt vn hy chn
Force LBA32
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Ht nhn Linux thng t ng pht hin rt tt, v thm vo ht nhn nhng
tham s l khng cn thit. Tuy nhin, bn c th cung cp bt k mt tham s
no cho nhn s dng cc ty chn cao cp ca boot loader.
Cc tham s ca nhn
Cc tham s dng lnh cho nhn cha hon chnh, g lnh man
bootparam. c cn c chnh xc v hon thin, hy tham kho ti
liu ca nh cung cp nhn cho HH (m ngun).
thay i bt k thit lp no, chn Configure advanced boot loader
options. Chn Next v xem menu trn Figure 7.5, Advanced Boot Options
Menu ty chn
Fedora Core hin th menu ty chn cao cp ca boot ch khi hp
m t advanced configuration c chn
Figure 7.5. Advanced Boot Options
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Chng 8.Cu hnh mng
Dng mn hnh ny cu hnh cho mng trn h thng Fedora Core ca bn
Hng dn cu hnh mng cho Fedora Core t c cp. Mt vi mng c
dch v DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), n t ng cung cp cu
hnh cho h thng khi c lin kt. Mc nh Fedora Core cung cp tt c cc
giao tip mng v cu hnh chng s dng DHCP
Giao tip khng dy s dng DHCP lin kt n mng khng dy m. Nhiu
mng khng dy lun c gii hn, v ch chp nhn nhng i tng t vn
bo mt
Figure 8.1. Network Configuration Screen
8.1. Thit b mng
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Fedora Core hin th danh sch cc giao din m n pht hin c. Mi giao
din phi c mt IP duy nht trn mng th hin l n gn vo h thng. giao
din c th nhn c dch v mng DHCP.
gn a ch IP, im sng giao din trong danh sch Netword Device v
chn Edit. Fedora Core hin th hp i thoi cu hnh mng. Loi b ty chn
Configure using DHCP. Nhp a ch IP Address v chn Netmask thch hp.
Chn OK
Nu my tnh ca bn l Server, khng dng DHCP. Hy ch ng thit lp cu
hnh mng. Ch ng lm cu hnh mng cho php bn lin kt n cc mng
con khi DHCP b li.
Cn xc nh xem giao tip ny c cho php t ng khi ng khng trong ty
chn Active on Boot ca thit b. Bn c th hng dn giao tip ny ti bt k
thi im no sau khi h thng boot thnh cng.
Cu hnh Modem
Mn hnh Network Configuration khng a ra danh sch modem.
Cu hnh cc thit b ny sau khi ci t bng cch s dng tin ch
Internet Configuration Wizard or Network Cnfiguration. Thit lp
modem cn xc nh nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP)
8.2. Tn my tnh
Trn mt vi mng, cung cp dch v DHCP c ngha l cung cp tn ca my
tnh hoc hostname. xc nh hostname, chn Manunal v g tn vo .
Hostname bao hm c tn ca my tnh v tn ca domain hay l thnh vin, v
nh machine1.example.com. Tn my tnh (hoc tn hostname) l machine1 v
domain l example.com.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Tn Hostname hp l
Bn c th cung cp cho h thng ca bn bt k ci tn no min
sao n c nht. Hostname ch bao gm ch ci, ch s v du
gch ni.
8.3. Cc thit lp khc
hng dn thit lp cu hnh cho giao tip mng, bn cng c th cung cp
cho mng khc thit lp cu hnh cho my ca bn. Tt c thit lp v a ch IP
trn h thng khc u lm trn mng.
Mt gateway l mt thit b m n cung cp cch thc truy cp vo mt mng
khc. Gateway c th coi nh mt router. Nu h thng lin kt n mt mng
khc thng qua mt cng, nhp a ch IP trong mc Gateway.
Nhiu phn mm lun da trn mng cung cp DNS (Domain Name Service) ti
tng v tr my v cc dch v trn mng. DSN chuyn hostname ti a ch IP v
phn phi li. H thng Fedora Core c th s dng dch v DNS. Nu dch v
DNS chnh khng p ng, my tnh gi bt k yu cu no n dch v DNS
ph. thit k dch v DNS, kiu a ch IP phi nm trong mc Primary,
Secondary hoc Tertiary DNS Server
Nhn Next khi bn tha mn vi cu hnh mng trn h thng.
Chng 9. Cu hnh cho bo mt
Cu hnh mc nh bo mt cho Fedora Core lun bo v h thng tr gii hn
ca cc chc nng ca my bn hoc my xc tay. Nu bn ci Server, bn
c th thay i cc thit lp khc c th truy cp vo h thng.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 9.1. Security Configuration Screen
Chn Next thc thi sau bn xem li cu hnh bo mt v thit lp bt k s
thay i no khi cn thit.
9.1. Tng la
firewall c xy dng trong lng Fedora Core kim tra lung d liu vo/ra
lin kt mng trn my tnh theo mt trt t. Trt t ny xc nh cch thc lin
kt c cho php v ci no b t chi.
Mc nh tng la lun c bt, vi trt t n gin cho php lin kt c
thit lp t my tnh ca bn n my tnh khc, nhng ngn cc gi i vo t
mt h thng khc. Bn c th to cc thay i trn mn hnh cho php truy
cp vo mt dch v mng xc nh trn Fedora Core.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Trn mn hnh lit k cc dch v cho php thc hin, nhn chn vo tn cc
dch v. Sau khi ci t thnh cng, bn c th bt cc truy cp t cc dnh v
khc tt hn.
B qua firewall, nu bn tin vo n l cn thit cho bn, chn No firewall
Thay i thit lp Firewall
thay i thit lp ny khi ci thnh cng, t main menu, chn
Desktop->System Settings->Security Level and Firewall.
9.2. SELinux
Security Enhanced Linux l mt phn ca Fedora Core. SELinux b gii hn bi
ca c user v chng trnh v cc chnh sch bo mt trn HH. Ngoi
SELinux, phn mm li hoc thay i cu hnh cho phn cn li ca h thng s
li hn. Hn ch buc SELinux a ra chnh sch m rng tnh bo mt cho
ngi truy cp khng thm quyn.
Chnh sch khng mm do ca SELinux hn ch tnh nng ng ca h
thng Fedora Core. Vi l do ny, Fedora Core c dng nh chnh sch cui
cng, n ch nh hng n cc dch v mng xc nh. Cc dch v khng c
thc thi khng phi l mt phn ca cc chc nng thng dng. Mc tiu ca
chnh sch ny nhm gim bt hoc ngn chn bt k bt tin no i vi ngi
dng SELinux. Thit lp ch cho SELinux nh sau:
Hot ng
Chn la chn ny s dng chnh sch SELinux trn h thng Fedora Core.
y l gi tr mc nh trong khi ci Fedora.
Cnh bo
Bi v SELinux dng cng ngh mi, n a ra mode h tr. Trong trng
hp , h thng cu hnh vi SELinux, nhng mt vi phm nh v chnh sch
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
bo mt s xut hin li. Khng kch hot trn thc t l b cm khi ci SELinux.
Bn c th thay i mode cho SELinux l Active ti bt k thi im no khi khi
ng
Khng dng
Nu bn chn ch ny trn SELinux, Fedora Core khng cu hnh truy
cp vo tt c cc h thng khc. lm SELinux hot ng mun hn, t main
menu, chn Desktop->System Settings->Security Level and Firewall.
Thay i chnh sch ca SELinux
Mi khi qun tr SELinux n l khng th chia nhnh. thay i
hnh vi ca SELinux sau khi ci t, t main menu chn Desktop-
>System Settings->Security Level and Firewall.
Chng 10. Chn mi gi.
Mn hnh ny cho php bn xc nh chnh xc mi gi cho v tr t my tnh.
Nu bn c k hoch s dng (NTP) Network Time Protocol cn xc nh chnh
xc mi gi chnh ng gi h thng.
10.1. Chn mi gi.
Fedora core hin th mt mn hnh vi hai phng php chn mi gi.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 10.1. Time Zone Selection Screen
chn mi gi s dng bn , chn im mu vangd gn thnh ph ca bn.
Khi v tr mi tn nm trn , Fedora Core hin tn thnh ph di bn .
Mt la chn vi mt im, n chuyn thnh X mu bo rng bn chn
chn mi gi trong danh sch, chn tn thnh ph gn ni bn nht. Thnh
ph nm trong danh sch c xp theo vn alphabet.
10.2. Gi quc t (UTC=Universal Co-ordinated Time)
Universal Co-ordinated Time c bit n nh l gi GMT
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Nu Fedora Core l HH duy nht hot ng trn my tnh ca bn, Chn
System clock uses UTC. H thng ng h l mt phn cng nh trn my
tnh. Fedora Core s dng mi gi thit lp tnh gi h thng gia gi a
phng v gi UTC. Hnh vi ny l chun trn cc HH ging Unix.
H thng ng h v (HH) Windows
Nu my tnh ca bn chy Windows, ty chn System clock uses
UTC khng thc hin c. HH Windows thay i ng h trong
BIOS tnh gi a phng hn l ly ng h UTC. y l l do
rt ngc nhin (cho nhiu ngi dng) di Fedora Core.
Chn Next chp nhn
Chng 11. Thit lp password cho Root
Fedora core s dng mt tn account c bit l root qun tr h thng. ti
khon root trn h thng Linux b hn ch trn SELinux. N khng phi l mc
cho bt k ti khon bnh thng no. S dng ti khon root, bn c th yu cu
bt c ci g m khng b hn ch v mt truy cp cng nh thit lp cu hnh
cho h thng.
S dng ti khon root
Khng login vo Fedora Core vi quyn root khi khng cn. Bt k
cng c qun tr no yu cu c quyn root th mi cn cung cp.
Chng trnh ci t yu cu password root c chiu di t nht 6 k t. Bi v ti
khon root c kh nng iu khin bt k phn no trong h thng, s dng
hng dn c c mt password tt.
S dng kt hp ca ch hoa v ch thng, s, du cu v cc k t
khc.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Khng c dng mt t ca tn, ngha en t hoc tn thay th cc
k t u khng c kt qu.
Khng dng password ging nhau c tnh cht h thng.
Di y l mt vi v d tt v password:
f9*@1Ls99A
HL8$391%%rb
Iwtb,10^th
Nhp password cho root vo trong trng Root Password. Fedora Core hin
th cc k t bi du hoa th bo v. G password vo trong trng Confirm
chc chn bn g ng.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 11.1. Set Root Password Screen
Sau khi bn thit lp password, chn Next tip tc
Chng 12. Chn cc gi
Fedora Core dng cc ci t la chn cc gi phn mm cho h thng ca
bn. c thm nhiu thng tin xin tham kho Chapter 5, Installation Types .
Bn c th chp nhn gi tr mc nh cho cc gi tin, hoc ty chn n theo yu
cu ring. Nu bn chn kiu ci t l Custom, Fedora Core hin mn hnh
Package Group Selection mt cch t ng.
Thay i theo bn
Kiu ci t v cc gi tin m bn chn khng c nh. Sau khi bn
khi ng h thng, s dng cng c Package Management la
chn cc gi phn mm khc cho h thng. chy cng cny, t
main menu, chn Desktop->System Settings->Add/Remove
Applications.
12.1. Gi tr mc nh ci cc gi tin
Tng hp cc gi tin c la chn c hin th
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 12.1. Package Installation Defaults Screen
Chp nhn la chn mc nh cc gi. chn Install the default software
packages. Chn Next tip tc.
12.2. Chn cc nhm cc gi
d dng cho vic la chn Fedora Core chia phn mm vo trong cc nhm.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 12.2. Package Group Selection Screen
Mc nhin kiu ci t chn nhng ci sn sng. Thm/bt bt k nhm no
m bn cn. Khng phi cc gi tin t cc nhm s c ci t tr khi nhm
c chn
thay i cc gi tin c chn trong mt nhm s c ci t, chn lin
kt Details bn cnh tn ca nhm . Fedora Core t ng vo chn cc gi
c bn (Base Packages) ca nhm nu nhm oc chn.
S cc gi ca mi nhm c la chn ci t c Fedora Core lit k, v
cng li cho tng nhm.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 12.3. Package Group Details Dialog
12.3. Thm ngn ng h tr
Ht hng Fedora Core h tr ngn ng mt cch t ng, bn chn n ti thi
im bt u qu trnh ci t. h tr thm ngn ng, chn gi ngn ng
trong nhm Language Support
La chn ngn ng
Chn cc ngn ng cn thit cho h thng. Thm ngn ng h tr
sau khi ci t l rt kh, v khng c khuyn khch.
12.4. Ci t tt c hay l ti thiu
Nu bn chn tt c (Everything), Fedora Core ci t tt c cc gi tin cung
cp. Qua Fedora Core ci t rt nhiu dch v mng trn nhm cc gi, mt
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
vi ci khng lm c sau khi ci t. Ty chn ny tht hu ch cho vic
kim tra v pht trin vi nhiu mc ch
Yu cu v b nh (kho lu tr)
Ci tt c chim khong 6,9Gb khong trng trn a, v yu cu
n 175Mb a hon i trong khi ci t. bit thm thng tin xin
c phn yu cu b nh trong Release Notes.
Cc gi ti thiu (Minimal) ch cung cp cc gi tin cn thit to mt HH.
Cc gi tin ny khng cung cp giao din ha.
Sau khi bn chn cc gi theo yu cu, chn Next tip. Fedora Core kim tra
la chn ca bn v t ng thm cc gi tin m rng m n yu cu cho
phn mm bn chn.
Chng 13. Thc hin ci t
Khng cn thay i g th hy nhn Next. Nu bn cha chc chn iu g sau
thi im ny, Fedora Core s khng c hon thin v khng c y .
Quay li cc bc trc thay i la chn, chn Back. Hy b vic ci t, tt
my.
Ci t b hng
Trong tnh trng ny, bn khng quay lui c. Fedora Core bo cho
bn trng hp ny v cho php bn b qua chng trnh ci t.
Bn c th Reboot vi mt b ci t lm li.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 13.1. About to Install Screen
Nhn Next bt u ci t
Nu yu cu ci t trn nhiu a (b a ci Fedora Core), Fedora Core hin
danh sch tt c cc a ca hon thin. Nu bn khng c tt c cc a
cn thit, chn Reboot hy b vic ci t. Ngc li, bn nhn Continue
tip tc qu trnh ci t.
Chng 14. Ci t gi tin.
Fedora Core bo co qu trnh ci t trn mn hnh nh vic ghi cc gi tin
c la chn ln h thng. ci t t Mng v DVD yu cu cao. Nu bn s
dng a CD, Fedora Core hng dn bn thay a theo yu cu. Sau khi bn
a a vo, nhn OK tip tc ci.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 14.1. Installing Packages Screen
Sau khi ci thnh cng, chn Reboot khi ng li my. Fedora Core g b
tt c a ti vo trc khi ng li my.
Chng 15 Khi ng ln u tin
Trn mt h thng Fedora Core mi bn thy trc tin l Setup Agent. S
dng Setup Agent cu hnh h thng sau khi bn Login.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.1. Welcome Screen
Nhn Next bt u vo Setup Agent
Yu cu Graphic Unit Interface
Setup Agent yu cu bn c giao din ha. Nu khng c sn,
cu hnh cc ty chn bng tay (th cng) sau khi Login
15.1. Giy php hot ng
Mn hnh hin th cc th trong giy php, iu khon ca Fedora Core. Mi mt
gi phn mm trong Fedora Core u c mt giy php m n c ph chun
bi Open Source Initiative. bit thm thng tin v OSI, xem
http://www.opensource.org/.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.2. License Agreement Screen
Tip tc, nhn Yes, I agree to the License Agreement ng v nhn
Next.
15.2. Gi v ngy thng
Nu h thng ca bn khng truy cp Internet hoc mt dch v ng b thi
gian no, Hng dn thit lp Data/Time cho h thng. Tr khi bn dng dch v
Network Time Protocol s i theo gi chun. Network Time Protocol cung
cp tnh ng b gi cho my tnh thng qua mng. Trn Internet c mt vi
my tnh gip bn dch v ny.
Hng dn ban u bn thit Date/Time cho h thng bng tay.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.3. Date and Time Screen
Chn mc Network Time Protocol cu hnh h thng s dng dch v NTP
Chnh ng h
thay i thit lp ny, t main menu, chn Desktop->System
Settings->Date & Time.
thit lp h thng s dng dch v ng b thi gian trn mng, chn ty
chn Enable Network Time Protocol. Ty chn ny b khng c kch hot
sn trn mc Date and Time v thit lp n nh mn hnh di y.

2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.4. Date and Time Screen
Mc nh, Fedora Core lun cu s dng thnh 3 nhm dch v ng b thi
gian. Dch v dng b v thi gian to ra c lp, nu mt ci no khng sn
sng, h thng s ng b vi mt ci khc.
thm dch v ng b thi gian, chn n trong danh sch Server, hoc kiu
DNS, v nhn Add. loi b mt Server hoc mt nhm Server trong danh
sch, chn tn v nhn Delete. Danh sch c sn 2 ci lm v d, l
server do RedHat cung cp.
Nu ng h phn cng trn my ca bn sai kh nhiu, bn nn tt hon ton
ngun gi a phng. tt gi a phng, chn Show advanced options v
loi b ty chn Use Local Time Source. Nu bn tt gi a phng, dch v
NTP s c quyn lm ng h chnh trong my.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Nu bn m ty chn Enable NTP Broadcast. Fedora Core s c gng t ng
cung cp dch v ng b thi gian cho mng.
15.3. Hin th
Chng trnh Setup Agent t ng xc nh Card mn hnh v mn hnh. N
dng cc thng tin ny tnh ton, thit lp thng s tt nht v phn gii
(Resolution) v mu (Color Depth)
Figure 15.5. Display Screen
Nu bn cn iu chnh mn hnh, chn Configure trong danh dch cc nh
sn xut. Chn nh sn xut mn hnh trong danh sch, v nhn du + hoc
chn tam gic xem cc loi c h tr. Chn loi trong danh sch v nhn
OK. Nu khng c loi ang dng trong danh sch, chn Generic CRT Display
hoc Generic LCD Display trong danh sch.
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.6. Monitor Dialog
thay i thit lp mn hnh, chn Resolution hoc Color Depth, v chn gi
tr mi cho n. Chng trnh Setup Agent ch a ra nhng gi tr hp l cho
phn cng.
Thit lp li mn hnh
cu hnh li h thng sau khi ci t thnh cng, tue menu chnh,
chn Desktop->System Settings->Display.
15.4. Ngi dng
To ti khon ngi dng. Lun s dng ti khon ny khi Login h thng, tr
khi bn s dng ti khon root
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.7. System User Screen
Nhp vo Username v tn y , v nhp Password. xc nh li password.
Xem thm Chapter 11, Set the Root Password
To thm ti khon ngi dng
thm ti khon ngi dng sau khi ci thnh cng, t main
menu, chn Desktop->System Settings->Users & Groups.
cu hnh Fedora Core s dng cc dch v mng xc nhn hoc thng tin
v User, chn User Network Login ...
Sau khi cu hnh dch v Login, chn Next i tip.
15.5. Sound Card
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Chng trnh Setup Agent c gng t ng xc nh Sound Card trn h thng.
Figure 15.8. Sound Card Screen
Nhn Play Test Sound kim tra cu hnh sound card. Nu cu hnh ng,
Fedora Core s chi mt bn nhc. Nu sound card c xc nh m bn
khng nghe thy m thanh, kim tra li loa v th li.
Bn c th hng dn Fedora Core s dng sound card khng c h tr
sau khi ci t thnh cng. Hng dn cu hnh phn cng khng c m t k
trong ti liu ny.
Thay i cu hnh Sound Card
Nu bn thm vo h thng mt Sound Card mi, Fedora Core c
gng t ng pht hin. Nu bn cn hng dn qu trnh pht hin
ny, t main menu, chn Desktop->System Settings->Soundcard
Detection.
15.6. Thm a CD
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Mn hnh ny cho php bn a cc phn mm ca cc hng chun b sn
vo h thng. Tuy nhin bn khng th dng n thm cc gi tin t a
Fedora Core
Thm phn mm
thm gi phn mm t a Fedora Core, s dng tin ch
Package Manager sau khi Login. T main menu, chn
Desktop->System Settings->Add/Remove Applications.
Figure 15.9. Additional CDs Screen
Nhn Next i n mn hnh cui cng
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Figure 15.10. Finish Setup Screen
Nhn Next i tip. Fedora Core sn sng.
Chng 16. Cc bc tip theo
Fedora Core cung cp cho bn mt HH hon thin vi nhiu kh nng vt
tri, h tr bn vi mt cng ng rt ln.
16.1. Ti liu trn Internet
Ti liu ca Fedora Core lun c ti web site http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/
Ti liu v cc sn phm, sch, t hc c ti http://www.tldp.org/
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
Rt nhiu phn ca Fedora Core c th tm thy trong Red Hat Enterprise Linux
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/
16.2. Cng ng h tr
Website h tr: http://forums.fedoraforum.org/
16.3. Lin lc vi cng ng Fedora Core
http://fedora.redhat.com/participate/
Index
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name Service)
FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
LVM (Logical Volume Management)
NFS (Network File System)
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment)
RAID (Redundant Array Independent Disk)
SELinux (Security-enhanced Linux)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
UTC (Universal Co-ordinated time)
vfat is a Linux filesystem that is compatible with Windows 95 and Windows NT
long filenames on the FAT filesystem
2:43 pm-06/10/2005
y l ti liu hon ton min ph. Bn c th s dng, chnh sa cho ph hp,
phn phi li cho nhng ngi s dng khc nhng phi tun theo nhng yu
cu trong giy php bn quyn GNU (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html ca
Free Software Foundation)
Ti liu ny c dch, pht hnh n tay cc bn ch vi mt hy vng rng n
hu ch cho bn, nhng n KHNG KM THEO BT K S BO M NO,
ngay c nhng m bo v thng mi .v.v.
Ti liu c dch t nguyn bn ting Anh, ti liu gc c th tm thy ti a ch
http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/fedora-install-guide-en/fc4/
dch bi thuan1975@gmail.com

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