1. Khi ng Sau khi khi ng WINdows lm theo mt trong cc cch sau - Nhy chut vo biu tng Microsoft Excel gc trn bn phi mn hnh.
- Nu dng Win 3.1x, trong ca s Microsoft Office m chn biu tng Microsoft Excel ri nhy p chut. - Nu dng Win 95, nhy vo Start / Program / Microsoft Excel
2. Mn hnh a - Cc thnh phn ca mn hnh Excel Mn hnh ca Excel l mt ca s c phng to v trng gn ging mn hnh ca Word, bao gm cc thnh phn sau : - Thanh tiu (Title bar) : dng trn cng ca mn hnh, khi mi khi ng Excel ti y ghi Microsoft Excel - Book1, khi ta t tn cho bng tnh, tn ny km theo phn m rng . XLS s thay th t Book1. - Cc thanh Menu, Cng c, nh dng ging nh ca Word. Phn ln cc biu tng trn cc thanh ny c cng dng ngha nh trong Word, ngha ca mt s biu tng dng ring cho Excel c ghi trn trang 3. - Thanh Cng thc (Formula Bar) : l dng th nm ca mn hnh hin th to (a ch hoc tn) , nt hu b , nt la chn , ni dung d liu trong hin ti ( c khung vin chung quanh) - Thanh Trng thi (Status bar) : l dng cui cng hin th cc ch hot ng ca Excel : Ready : ang sn sng lm vic. Enter : ang nhp d liu hay cng thc. Pointer : ang ghi cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch. Edit : ang iu chnh d liu hay cng thc trong hin ti - Thanh th tn bng tnh (Sheet tabs) : l dng ngay trn thanh Trng thi, hin th tn ca cc bng tnh (khi chng cha c t tn, ti y ghi Sheet1, Sheet2, ..., Sheet16). Bn tri l cc nt chuyn ti cc bng tnh. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 2
- Thanh cun Dc (Vertical Scroll Bar), cun Ngang (Horizontal Scroll Bar) ging nh trong Word. - Ca s Bng tnh (Worksheet Window) l phn ln nht dng nhp d liu, tnh ton, v th nh sau :
b - Cc thnh phn ca ca s Bng tnh : - Ct (Column) : L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu dc c nh th t bng ch ci (t tri sang phi bt u t A, B, C, ... AA, AB n IV, tng s c 256 ct). Ngoi cng bn tri l nt chn (nh du khi) ton b bng tnh. - Hng (Row) : L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu ngang c nh th t bng s t 1 n 16.384). - (Cell) : L giao ca mt ct v mt hng. a ch ca c xc nh bng ct trc, hng sau, v d C4, AB25. hin ti : L c khung vin chung quanh vi mt chm vung nh gc phi di (Mc in) hay cn gi l Con tr (sau y gi tt l con tr). To ca ny c hin th trn thanh Cng thc. - Con tr bn phm : L vch ng | nhp nhy biu th v tr k t s c chn vo. - Con tr chut c cc dng sau : Du : dng a con tr v v tr no . Du : dng chn lnh, biu tng hoc cun bng tnh. Hp Tn (a ch) Nt chn ton b bng tnh Mc in Con tr Tn ct S th t hng Bng tnh hin ti Th tn bng tnh Thanh th tn bng tnh Nt chuyn ti bng tnh Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 3
c - Dch chuyn con tr trong Bng tnh theo mt trong cc cch sau : - Tr chut vo cn chuyn ti, bm nt tri. - n cc phm mi tn : chuyn ti cc hng, ct ln cn. PgUp, PgDn : ln hoc xung mt mn hnh. Home : V A1. Tab : Sang phi mt mn hnh Shift + Tab : Sang tri mt mn hnh End + Home : n cui cng ca bng tnh - F5, a ch , : V , v d v nhanh H22, ta n phm F5, g H22 ri n Ch : Cc thao tc c du ch thc hin c khi chn lnh Tools, Option, Transition, in du tu chn Transition Navigation Keys 3. Ra khi Excel theo mt trong cc cch sau : - Chn File, Exit hoc - n Alt + F4 - Nhy p chut ti du tr gc tri trn ca mn hnh tr v Windows 3.x. - Nhy vo du trn cng gc phi ca mn hnh tr v Windows 95. ngha cc biu tng trn thanh cng c (ToolBar) Help : Tr gip Tip Wizard : Gi Zoom Control : Phng to, thu nh bng tnh Drawing : V mt hnh Texbox : Hp vn bn
AutoSum : Tnh tng Function Wizard : Gi hm Sort Acsending : Sp xp tng Sort Decsending : Sp xp gim Chart Wizard : V th Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 4
ngha cc biu tng trn thanh nh dng (Formating)
Font Color : Mu ch Color : Mu nn Borders : ng vin Decrease Decimal : Bt i 1s thp phn Increase Decimal : Tng thm 1s th.p.
Comma Style : Du tch nghn, triu, t Percent Style: Nhn vi 100 v in du % Currency Style : in du tin t Center Accross Columns : Cn vo gia ca nhiu
ngha cc thnh phn ca thanh cng thc (FormULA BAR)
Hp Tn (a ch ) hin ti Ni dung hin ti
Nt gi hm Nt hu b ni dung va g Nt in ni dung va g
II. cc thao tc vi bng tnh 1. Lu (ghi) bng tnh ln a Chn biu tng Save hoc mc File, Save. Nu y l ln u tin thc hin thao tc ny vi bng tnh, ta phi g vo tn cho bng tnh trong File Name theo quy tc t tn tp ca DOS, Excel s t gn kiu .XLS cho n. Tn bng tnh s xut hin trn thanh tiu ca ca s. Sau trong qu trnh lm vic, ta thng xuyn ghi bng tnh ln a bng cch trn m khng cn t tn cho n. Nu ta cn lu gi bng tnh vi tn khc, chn mc File, Save As v t tn mi cho n. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 5
2. M bng tnh c trn a Chn biu tng Open hoc mc File, Open. Xut hin hp thoi Open vi danh sch cc bng tnh trong khung File Name c xp theo th t A,B,C. Ta chn tp cn thit ri chn OK. Nu bng tnh ta cn li trn a khc hoc th mc khc, ta chn a t Drives, nhy p ti th mc cn thit ca khung Directories Excel cn c cch m bng tnh khc: chn mc File, xut hin Menu dc vi danh sch 4 * bng tnh mi lm gn nht pha di. Ta chn tp cn thit t danh sch ny. Danh sch cc bng tnh ny c th nhiu hn tu thuc vo ngi ci t. 3. ng bng tnh Trc khi chuyn sang bng tnh khc hoc lm vic khc, phi ghi tp ln a sau mi ng n bng cch chn mc File, Close. Nu qun cha ghi tp ln a, Excel s hi : Do you want to save change to <FileName>. XLS ? Chn Yes ghi li, No khng ghi nhng thay i va to ra cho bng tnh. 4. Chn thm 1 bng tnh - Insert / Worksheet, hoc - Nhy nt phi chut trn thanh th tn bng tnh gi Menu tt (sau y chng ta quy c gi thao tc ny l [Menu tt], chn Insert Worksheet 5. Xo bt 1 bng tnh - Edit, Delete Sheet, hoc - [Menu tt], Delete sheet 6. i tn bng tnh - Nhy p vo th tn (tc l vo tn bng tnh, sau y chng ta quy c gi l th tn) trn thanh th tn hoc Format / Sheet / Rename hoc [Menu tt], Rename - G vo tn mi, hoc OK 7. Sao chp / Chuyn 1 bng tnh Cch 1: Gi Ctrl trong khi ko th th tn ti mt th tn khc (Sheet khc). Nu khng gi Ctrl bng tnh s c chuyn i. Cch 2: Edit, Move or Copy Sheet. Chn v tr t bng tnh hin ti trc bng tnh no trong khung Before Sheet. Nu nh du chn vo Creat a Copy, Excel s sao chp bng tnh ch khng chuyn n.
* Con s ny c th khc, tu thuc vo vic chn Tools, Options, Recently Used Files List Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 6
Ch dng cch 2 nu bng tnh ngun v ch cch xa nhau (khng thy th tn ca chng cng mt lc). 8. Tch bng tnh C 3 cch gip ta ng thi thy nhng phn khc nhau ca bng tnh Cch 1: Tr chut vo thanh tch cho xut hin mi tn 2 u, ko th n ti v tr cn tch. Cch 2: a con tr v v tr cn tch, chn mc Window / Split. Sau b tch chn Window / Remove Split Cch 3: a con tr v v tr cn tch, chn mc Window / Freeze Panes. Sau b tch chn Window / Unfreeze Panes 9. n v hin li 1 bng tnh - Chn Format, Sheet, Hide n bng tnh - hin li bng tnh Format, Sheet, Unhide 10. Bo v bng tnh nhng thit lp v Bo v v che giu (xem trang 26) c tc dng, cn bo v bng tnh. Cch lm nh sau : - Tool / Protection - Chn Protect Sheet bo v bng tnh, chn Protect Workbook bo v tp bng tnh. - Nu cn thit g mt khu vo vng Password. 2 ln g phi ging nhau v lu rng mt khu trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng ! - b tnh trng bo v : chn Tool / Protection / Unprotect Sheet hay Unprotect Workbook. Nu c mt khu, phi g vo, nu ng ta mi cp nht c bng tnh. 11. Chn nhiu bng tnh a. Lin k : Nhy chut vo th tn u, gi Shift trong khi nhy chut vo th tn cui b. Cch nhau : Gi Ctrl trong khi ln lt nhy chut vo cc th tn c. b vic chn mt bng tnh no : gi Ctrl trong khi nhy chut vo th tn ca bng tnh IIi. X l d liu trong bng tnh 1. Cc kiu d liu Trong mi ch c th cha mt kiu d liu. Kiu d liu ca ph thuc vo k t u tin g vo. Cc kiu d liu trong mt c phn ra nh sau : a - Dng chui (Text) - Bt u bi cc ch ci a n z hoc A n Z Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 7
- Nhng d liu chui dng s nh : s in thoi, s nh, m s, .v.v. khi nhp vo phi bt u bng du nhy n (') v khng c gi tr tnh ton. - Theo mc nh, d liu dng chui c cn sang tri . b - Dng s (Number) Bt u bi : - Cc s t 0 n 9. - Cc du +, - , (, *, $ (hoc mt du n v tin khc tu thuc vo vic t cc thng s quc t ca Windows). - Theo mc nh, d liu dng s c cn sang phi . c - Dng cng thc (Formulas) Bt u bi cc du = hoc +. Sau khi n cng thc nhp vo ch th hin trn thanh cng thc cn kt qu ca n c th hin trong . Nu thy : C th l do : ##### : Ct qu hp #DIV/0! : Chia cho 0 #NAME? : Thc hin php tnh vi mt bin khng xc nh (tn khng gn vi mt hay mt vng no c) #N/A : Tham chiu n mt rng hoc khng c trong danh sch #VALUE! : Sai v kiu ca ton hng (v d : ly s chia cho k t hoc ngy thng) d - Dng Ngy (Date), gi (Time) Trong cch trnh by di y : DD l 2 con s ch Ngy MM l 2 con s ch Thng YY l 2 con s ch Nm Nhp theo dng MM/DD/YY hoc DD/MM/YY tu thuc vo vic t cc thng s quc t ca Windows, v d nu t thng s quc t kiu Php, ta g vo 27/09/04, trng hp dng kiu M (ngm nh) ta g vo 09/27/04. Khi nhp sai dng thc, Excel t ng chuyn sang dng chui (cn sang tri ) v ta khng th dng d liu kiu ny tnh ton. C th nhp ngy bng cch : - nhp hm =DATE(YY,MM,DD), y l cch nhp ngy tt nht. - sau chn Format, Cells, Number, Date v chn dng th hin ngy khung bn phi. c bit : Ctrl + ; (du chm phy) cho Ngy h thng Ctrl + Shift + ; cho Gi h thng - Theo mc nh, d liu dng ngy thng c cn sang phi . Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 8
2. Cc ton t trong cng thc a - Ton t s + cng - tr * nhn (v d = 10*50 cho kt qu 500) / chia = 126/3 42 ^ lu tha = 5^2 25 % phn trm = 50%*600 300 Th t u tin ca cc php ton nh sau : lu tha trc ri n nhn chia v sau cng mi n cng tr. Cc php ton cng mc u tin (nh nhn chia hoc cng tr) thc hin t tri sang phi. Mun thay i th t u tin, dng cc cp ngoc trn, ton t trong cp ngoc su nht s c thc hin trc. V d: cc A1, B1, C1 cha cc s 2,3, 4, nu trong D1 g =A1+B1*C1 s c kt qu 14, g =(A1+B1)*C1 s c kt qu 20. b - Ton t chui & Ni chui ="Tin "&"hoc" Tin hc c - Ton t so snh > ln hn >= ln hn hoc bng < > khc < nh hn <= nh hn hoc bng Cc ton t so snh cho kt qu l True (ng) hoc False (Sai). V d, trong A1 ang c s 26, B1 c s -125. Nu ti C1 g cng thc = A1>B1 s nhn c kt qu TRUE = A1<=B1 s nhn c kt qu FALSE, v.v.. 3. Nhp d liu a - D liu bt k - a con tr v cn thit. - Nhp d liu theo loi dng thc. - kt thc vic nhp d liu, lm theo mt trong cc cch sau : n phm Enter, con tr s xung di. n mt phm mi tn a con tr sang cn thit, v d n phm s a con tr sang bn phi. Chn nt (mu xanh l cy) trn thanh cng thc. Tr chut vo cn ti, n nt tri. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 9
C th dng min nhp d liu sau y: Gi s cn nhp 2 ct : Dng 200 Vn 300 Khoa 150 Tun 180 H 250 vo cc A1: B5. Ta lm theo cc bc sau : - nh du khi min A1:B5 (xem trang 13 v cch nh du khi) - nhp theo tng hng, n phm Tab sau mi ln g d liu vo mt . - nhp theo tng ct, n phm sau mi ln g d liu vo mt . Hng dch chuyn ca nhp d liu khi n Tab hoc : A B A B 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 n Tab
n b. D liu trong cc ging nhau : - nh du khi min cn in d liu (v d A1:B5) - G vo d liu (v d s 2000) - Kt thc vic nhp bng cch n phm Ctrl + . Kt qu l : min A1:B5 s c in kn bi s 2000 c. D liu trong cc tun theo mt quy lut Chui s vi bc nhy l 1: - a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d nh s th t cho mt s bt u t 1, ta g 1. - Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, gi phm Ctrl trong khi ko v th chut ti cui ca min (t y v sau ta gi thao tc ny l in t ng (AutoFill)). Kt qu ta c chui s 1, 2, 3, ... Chui s vi bc nhy bt k: - a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d c chui s chn ta g 2 vo mt no . - V di (hoc bn phi) ca min, g vo s tip theo, v d 4. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 10
- nh du khi 2 ny, tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, ko v th chut ti cui ca min. A B 1 2 2 4 3 4 5 6 7 Chui Ngy thng tng : - a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo ngy thng nm bt u. - Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du +, bm gi nt phi, ko th ti cui min. - Trong menu tt chn : Fill Days : tng 1 ngy (v d : 15/04/1999, 16/04/1999, 17/04/1999) Fill Months : tng 1 thng (v d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/1999, 15/06/1999) Fill Years : tng 1 nm(v d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/2000, 15/06/2001) in mt danh sch t to : - Nu danh sch ny cha c th phi to bng cch : - Tools / Option / Custom List - Trong khung List Entries ln lt nhp cc gi tr cho danh sch, ht mi gi tr bm xung dng. V d : Th Hai Th Ba . Cui cng ta c nh hnh sau :
- OK - s dng : - nhp mt gi tr c trong danh sch t to vo u - in t ng ti cui min (xem cch in t ng trang 9). Ko du + v th ti A7, ta s c chui s 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 tai min A1:A7 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 11
d. D liu kiu cng thc - Phi bt u bi du = hoc cc du +, - Khi cn ly s liu no nhy chut vo hoc g vo a ch V d : tnh Lng theo cng thc : Lng = S NC x Tin 1 Ngy lm theo cc bc sau : 1. Chn min E2:E7 (v cng thc tnh trong min ging nhau : u ly s ct C nhn vi s ct D- xem phn b. trn) 2. G vo du = 3. Tr chut vo C2, n nt tri (hoc g C2) 4. G du * 5. Tr chut vo D2, n nt tri (hoc g D2). Ti E2 v thanh cng thc xut hin = C2*D2 6. n Ctrl + . Ti cc t E2 n E7, Excel cho kt qu tnh Lng ca tng ngi. Ta cng c th lm nh sau : - B qua bc 1 - Thc hin cc bc t 2 n 5, sau bc 5 chn nt trn thanh cng thc (hoc n ) - tnh Lng cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v E2, in t ng cho ti E7. A B C D E F 1 STT Tn S NC Tin 1 Ngy Lng T l 2 1 Lun 20 50 = C2*D2 =E2/$E$8 3 2 Uyn 26 40 4 3 Hi 18 35 5 4 Minh 22 45 6 5 Tun 15 20 7 6 Hng 16 25 8 Cng =SUM(E2:E7) Tnh t l phn trm Lng ca tng ngi so vi Tng Lng : 1. a con tr v F2 2. G vo du =, dng chut chn E2 (hoc g E2), g du /, nhy chut vo E8 (hoc g E8). Chn nt trn thanh cng thc (hoc n ) 3. tnh T l cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v F2, sao chp cng thc tnh bng cch in t ng cho ti F7. Ti cc F3:F7 xut hin #DIV/0! (chia cho 0). Khi a con tr v F3, ta thy trn thanh cng thc ghi = E3/E9, Excel ly s bn tri Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 12
(E3) chia cho s cch 6 (E9), ... tc l s dng a ch tng i. bo cho Excel ly ln lt cc s t E2 n E7 chia cho s c nh E8 ( ny l a ch tuyt i), ta lm nh sau : - a con tr v E2, nhy p nt chut, sau a con tr bn phm v ngay trc k hiu E8, n phm F4, du $ c in vo trc v gia k hiu , n ri copy cng thc ny xun E7. - nh du khi cc t E2 n E7 (xem phn 5a di y), chn biu tng % (Percent Style) trn thanh nh dng, Excel i ra dng phn trm v in du % cho cc s. ly chnh xc hn, ta chn cc ny ri chn biu tng Increase Decimal, mi ln n chut ti biu tng ny, cc con s li c thm mt s thp phn. Tnh Tng Lng v ghi vo E8: - a con tr v E8 - G vo du =, tr chut vo biu tng (AutoSum), nhy p. Nu dng bn phm, g vo cng thc =SUM(E2:E7) e. Cng thc mng Ngoi vic sao chp cng thc tng i nh trn, Excel cn cung cp mt phng tin khc gn gng h, l mng (array) Mng c dng khi ta gp phi mt lng tnh ton nhiu v phc tp trn mt v tr nh hp, hoc dng thay th cc cng thc cn lp li nhiu ln, mng gip tit kim c b nh (thay v phi c 100 cng thc sao chp vo 100 , ch cn mt cng thc mng l ). Nhp mt cng thc mng (array formula): - V cn thit, nu l dy , phi nh du khi chng (xem trang 13). v d trn bi en min E2:E7. - Khc vi loi cng thc tng i (trong v d trn l = C2*D2), y phi nhp ton b dy : =C2:C7*D2:D7. - Kt thc phi n Ctrl + Shift + (gi ng thi 2 phm Ctrl v Shift trong khi n ). Excel s bao cng thc mng ny trong cp ngoc nhn : {=C2:C7*D2:D7)]} Sa mt cng thc mng : - V bt k p dng cng thc mng cn sa - Nhy chut ln thanh cng thc. Cc du ngoc { } bin mt. - Tin hnh sa cng thc. Sa xong bm Ctrl + Shift + Ch nh (bi en) mt dy mng : V bt k ca dy mng lm theo mt trong hai cch sau : Cch 1 : Bm Ctrl + / (gi phm Ctrl trong khi n phm s cho xui) Cch 2 : Bm F5, chn Special sau chn Current Array
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 13
4. Sa, xo d liu a - Xo - a con tr v hoc chn min cn thit - n phm Delete b - Sa : Lm theo mt trong hai cch sau : - Nhy p chut ti (hoc n phm F2), ni dung ca xut hin ti v ti thanh cng thc, a con tr bn phm v ch cn thit v sa. Ta nn bm chut ti thanh cng thc v sa ti , sa xong chn k hiu (hoc n ) ghi li, chn (hoc n Esc) hu b mi sa i. - Nhp d liu mi cho , sau n phm 5. Cc thao tc vi khi Khi l mt min ch nht trn bng tnh. a - nh du (chn) khi - Tr chut vo mt gc ca khi, bm nt tri ng thi ko chut v gc i din theo ng cho hoc - a con tr v mt gc ca khi, gi phm Shift ng thi s dng cc phm mi tn a con tr v gc i din theo ng cho. Ch : Sau khi c chn, ton b khi, tr gc xut pht, i mu. Cc phng php c bit : + Khi l mt min lin tc : Chn khi bt k : a con tr v gc tri trn ca khi, gi phm Shift ng thi n nt tri chut ti gc phi di ca n. Chn mt ct : n nt tri chut ti tn ct (cc ch A, B,...) , hoc n Ctrl + Du cch. Chn mt hng : n nt tri chut ti s th t ca hng (cc s 1,2,...), hoc n Shift + Du cch. Chn ton b bng tnh : n nt tri chut ti nt chn ton b bng tnh (bn tri ct A pha trn hng 1) hoc n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift + du cch + Chn cc ri rc : a con tr ti u nh chn, gi Ctrl v bm nt tri chut ti cc nh chn tip theo. + Khi l cc min ri rc : Chn vng u, gi Ctrl,bm nt tri v r chut ti cc min khc. V d : chn c cc min nh hnh di y, ta lm theo cc bc sau : - Chn min lin tc B2:C3 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 14
- n gi phm Ctrl v chn min lin tc E4:G7 - Gi nguyn phm Ctrl v chn min lin tc C9:F11
b - Copy, xo, dn khi dng b nh m (thng dng khi min ch v min ngun cch nhau hoc dn mt khi vo nhiu ch khc nhau). Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc sau, ta phi chn khi cn thit. + Copy : Chn biu tng Copy, hoc n Ctrl+C, hoc chn mc Edit, Copy. + Xo : Chn biu tng Cut, hoc n Ctrl+X, hoc chn mc Edit, Cut. + Ly khi t b nh m ra dn vo bng tnh - a con tr ti gc tri trn ca min ch. - Chn biu tng Paste, hoc n Ctrl+V, hoc chn mc Edit, Past. c - Copy, chuyn khi dng chut - Chn khi cn thit - Tr chut vo bin ca khi sao cho xut hin . Sau thc hin mt trong cc thao tc sau : + Gi Ctrl ng thi ko v th khi ti v tr ch Copy khi. Nu trong bc ny khng dng phm Ctrl th khi s c chuyn ti v tr ch, hoc + Bm gi nt phi chut, ko v th khi ti v tr ch. Xut hin thc n cho php chn mt trong cc phng n. Copy : Copy ton b, bao gm c d liu v khun dang. Move : Chuyn d liu. Copy Value : Ch copy d liu. Copy Format : Ch copy khun dng. Ch : Khi copy d liu - Nu min ngun cha d liu s hoc chui, kt qu min ch s ging min ngun. - Nu min ngun cha cng thc, kt qu min ch s thay i hay khng tu thuc vo cng thc trong min ngun tham chiu n a ch tng i hay a ch tuyt i. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 15
6. X l , ct, hng trong bng tnh a - Thay i kch thc ct, hng Mt ct / mt hng : - Ct : Tr chut vo vch ng bn phi tn ct sao cho xut hin , ko v th vch ti v tr mi. - Hng : Tr chut vo vch ngang di s th t hng sao cho xut hin , ko v th vch ti v tr mi.
Nhiu ct / Nhiu hng : - Ct : - Chn mt s ca cc ct. - Format, Colum, Width. - G vo rng mi cho cc ct - OK hoc - Hng : - Chn mt s ca cc hng. - Format, Row, Height. - G vo chiu cao mi cho cc hng - OK hoc b - Chn thm ct, hng, Ct : - Chn khi l tn cc ct (cc ch A, B, ...) ti v tr cn chn, cn thm bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu. - Chn Insert, Columns. Excel s chn thm cc ct trng v y cc ct c chn sang phi Hng : - Chn khi l s th t ca cc hng (cc s 1, 2, ...) ti v tr cn chn, cn thm bao nhiu hng ta chn by nhiu. - Chn Insert, Rows. Excel s chn thm cc hng trng v y cc hng c chn xung di. Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi thay i rng ct C Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi thay i chiu cao hng 4 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 16
: - Chn khi l cc ti v tr cn chn (nh v d di y l cc C3:D4), cn thm bao nhiu ta chn by nhiu. - Chn Insert, Cells. xut hin hp thoi Insert
Chn - Shift Cells Right : y cc c chn sang phi - Shift Cells Left : y cc c chn xung di - OK hoc : thc hin lnh c - Xo ct, hng, Ct : - Chn khi l tn cc ct (cc ch A, B, ...) ti v tr cn xo, cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu. - Chn Edit, Delete. Hng : - Chn khi l s th t cc hng (cc s 1, 2, ...) ti v tr cn xo, cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu. - Chn Edit, Delete. : - Chn khi l cc cn xo. - Chn Edit, Delete. Xut hin hp thoi Delete Chn - Shift Cells Left : chuyn d liu ca cc bn phi sang vng b xo - Shift Cells Up : chuyn d liu ca cc pha di ln vng b xo. - Entire Row : xo ton b cc hng cha vng c chn. - Entire Column : xo ton b cc ct cha vng c chn. - OK hoc : thc hin lnh d - Chuyn hng thnh ct v ngc li Gi s cn chuyn d liu ang c xp thnh ct trong cc A2:A6 thnh hng ti cc C3:F3, ta lm nh sau : Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 17
A B C D E F G 1 2 STT 3 Tn STT Tn Ton Tin Anh 4 Ton 5 Tin 6 Anh
- Chn cc mun cho i ch hay cn gi l min ngun (A2:A6) - Chn biu tng Copy hoc Ctrl+C - a con tr v u tin ca min dn (C3). - Chn mc Edit, Past Special, nh du chn Transpose - OK Ch : Min ngun v min dn khng c giao nhau (khng c c chung) f - n/ hin ct, hng tin cho thao tc, trn cc bng tnh, nht l cc bng tnh ln, ngi ta thng cho n cc ct (hoc hng) khng cn thit. Khi no cn li cho chng hin tr li. Cch lm nh sau : - Chn cc ct (hoc cc hng) cn n i. - Chn Format, Column (hoc Row). - Chn Hide. Ti v tr cc ct (hoc hng) n, xut hin ng k dc (hoc ngang) m, cc ct (hoc hng) b n vn c tc dng (vn s dung tnh ton). cho chng hin tr li, ta lm nh : - Chn cc ct (hoc cc hng) lin k vi chng. V d cn cho cc ct C, D, E hin tr li, ta chn cc ct ng ngay trc v sau chng : B, F; cn cho cc hng 4, 5, 6 hin tr li, ta chn cc hng ngay trn v ngay di chng : 3, 7. - Chn Format, Column (hoc Row), Unhide g - C nh ct, hng tiu cc bng tnh ln, khi cun xem hoc nhp d liu phn di th khng cn thy tiu ct ca chng hng trn cng, do rt d b nhm ln gia ct n vi ct kia. Tng t nh vy, khi cun xem hoc nhp d liu bn phi th khng cn thy cc ct tri nht (nh cc ct H tn, Mt hng, ... ), rt d b nhm ln hng n vi hng kia, Excel gip ta c nh ct, hng tiu , cch lm nh sau : - a con tr v chun c nh. ny phi nm ngay di hng v ngay bn phi ct cn c nh. V d, cn c nh cc ct A, B v cc hng 1, 2, ta a con tr v C3 - Chn Window, Freeze Pane. Ti chun xut hin 2 ng k dc v ngang. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 18
- hu b vic c nh ct, hng tiu , chn Window, Unfreeze Pane 7. nh dng d liu a - nh dng k t - Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau Dng chut
- Chn mt kiu ch t hp Font - Chn mt c ch t hp Size - Chn Bold (hoc b) in m, chn Italic (hoc b) in nghing, chn Underline (hoc b) gch chn - Chn Color t mu nn. - Chn Font Color t mu ch. Dng Menu ( c th chn nhiu mc ng thi) - Format, Cells, Font - Chn Color t mu ch. - Chn mt kiu ch t hp Font
- Chn mt c ch t hp Size - Trong Font Style chn Italic in nghing, chn Bold in m, chn Bold Italic in va nghing va m, chn Regular k t tr li bnh thng. - Trong Underline chn mt kiu gch chn : None (b gch chn), Single (gch bng nt n), Double (gch bng nt i), Single Accounting (gch bng nt n kiu ti chnh n cui mp phi ca Font Font Size Color Font Color Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 19
), Double Accounting (gch bng nt i kiu ti chnh n cui mp phi ca ) - Chn Color t mu ch. - Trong Effect : chn Strikerthough (gch ngang), Superscript (s m), Subscript (ch s) - Chn Normal Font nu mun b mi trnh by v ly li kiu ngm nh. Dng bn phm Dng t hp phm Ctrl + B In m Ctrl + I In nghing Ctrl + U Gch chn Ctrl + 5 Gch ngang Ctrl + Shift + F M danh sch Font ch Ctrl + Shift + P M danh sch c ch b - nh dng s - Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau chn cc biu tng tng ng trn thanh nh dng (xem ngha ca chng trn trang 4) S Dng biu tng i thnh 123 Currency Style (in du tin t) $ 123.00 123456 Comma Style (Du tch nghn, triu, t) 123,456.00 0.156 Percent Style (Nhn vi 100 v in du %) 15.6 % 12.346 Increase Decimal (ly thm 1 s thp phn) 12.3460 12.346 Decrease Decimal (gim i 1 s thp phn) 12.35 Trong cc v d trn, cc thng s quc t (du tin t; du tch nghn, triu, t; du thp phn) l kiu M (ngm nh). C th t li cc thng s ny cho ph hp. n (che i) cc s khng (0) - Chn cc cn thit - Chn Format, Cells - Chn Number - Trong Code g vo 0;0; - OK c - Canh bin (dng hng) - Chn vng d liu cn canh bin Dng biu tng (ch cn c theo chiu ngang) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 20
V d : c tiu nh di y, ta lm nh sau : A B C D E F G H I K L M 1 i hc m hn cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam 2 KHOA CNTT c lp - T do - Hnh phc 3 Ti A1 g i hc m hn Ti A2 g KHOA CNTT Chn min A1:D2, chn biu tng (cn vo gia nhiu ) Ti E1 g cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam Ti E2 g c lp - T do - Hnh phc Chn min E1:K2, chn biu tng Cn vo gia nhiu Dng Menu cn c theo c chiu ngang ln chiu dc - Format, Cells. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells
- Chn Aligment Cc thng s dng hng ca d liu trong bao gm : Horizontal : theo chiu ngang General: K t c cn v bn tri, s c cn sang phi, cc gi tr logic v li c cn vo gia. Cn thng tri Cn vo gia Cn thng phi Cn mt tiu vo gia nhiu Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 21
Left,Center,Right : Cn sang tri, vo gia, sang phi. Fill : T in y (trong ch cn g 1 nhm k t sau chn mc ny, Excel s in y min bng nhm ny) Justify : Cn thng 2 bn. Trng hp rng ca ct nh hn ni dung bn trong n, Excel t ng tng chiu cao ca hng. Center Across : Cn vo gia min chn (tng t nh vic chn Selection biu tng a ) Orientation : Hng phn b Wrap Text : Nu chn s cho xung dng trong cc khi ni dung vt qu chiu ngang (nh ct Trung bnh) d - K khung - Chn vng d liu cn k khung Dng chut - Chn ca biu tng Borders. - Chn tip loi ng k cn thit. Dng Menu - Chn Format, Cells, Border. - Chn tip ng cn k trong khung Border :
Outline : Vin xung quanh khi Left, Right, Top, Bottom : Vin tri, phi, trn, di mi Color : Mu ca ng k - Chn kiu ng k trong khung Style
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 22
e - T mu - Format, Cells, Patterns - Chn Patterns t mu nn. - Chn Color t mu t. f - nh dng t ng Excel c sn mt s khun mu c s dng nh dng. Cc bc nh sau : - Chn vng d liu cn nh dng - Format, AutoFormat
- Chn kiu to khun trong danh sch Table Format - Nt Option cho php thc hin vic to khun t ng hn ch trn cc cc kiu d liu nht nh. - Vng Sample l mu ca khun c minh ho trn mt v d gi nh. 8. t tn cho t tn cho hay nhm c tc dng sau : - Tn d c, d nh. Nh v d trn trang 11, tn "TongLuong" d hiu v d nh hn cng thc =SUM(E2:E7). - Khi gn tn c th tham chiu ti hay nhm bng tn, v d trong F2 ta c th thay a ch $E$8 bng tn TongLuong. - Vic di chuyn v mt (hay min) c t tn tr nn nhanh chng v thun tin. Tn phi bt u bi ch ci hoc du _ (ni di), \ (s cho ngc), c di nhiu nht l 255 k t v khng c cha du cch. d c, cc ch ci u mi t trong tn nn vit hoa, v d TongLuong hay ni cc t bng du _ (ni di), v d Bang_Tra_Cuu. Khng nn g du ting Vit trong tn. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 23
a - t tn cho hay nhm bng tay Sau khi chn hay nhm cn t tn lm theo mt trong hai cch sau: Cch 1 : - Nhy chut ti ca hp Tn trn thanh cng thc, a ch ca i sang mu xanh. - Xo a ch i, g vo tn ri n Cch 2 : - Chn mc Insert, Name, Define (hoc Ctrl + F3) - Trong khung Names in Workbook g vo tn cho hay nhm . - OK
b - t tn theo tiu ca ct hay hng (t ng) Cc bc nh sau : - Chn hay nhm cn t tn gm c cc tiu ct hoc hng, nh v d trn trang 11 nh t tn cho dy ghi s ngy cng, ta chn C1:C7. - Chn Insert, Name, Create (hoc Ctrl+Shift+F3). - ngha cc mc trong hp Create Name nh sau : Top Row : Ly hng u (ca khi chn) lm tn Bottom Row : Ly hng cui (ca khi chn) lm tn Left Column : Ly ct bn tri (ca khi chn) lm tn Right Column : Ly ct bn phi (ca khi chn) lm tn - OK. Kt qu l v d trn, min C2:C7 c t tn l S_NC c - Dn tn vo cng thc Khi nhp hay sa cng thc, thay v in vo a ch ca (hay min) c t tn, ta - n F3 (hoc nhy chut ti ca Hp Tn trn thanh cng thc, hoc chn mc Insert, Name, Paste ) - Chn tn cn thit t danh sch ri OK Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 24
c - V nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn C th a con tr v nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn bng mt trong 2 cch sau : Cch 1 : - Nhy chut ti ca Hp tn trn thanh cng thc v chn tn cn thit t danh sch (hoc g a ch ca ). Cch 2 : - n F5 - Chn tn cn thit t danh sch - OK y cng l phng php kim tra xem Tn c t cho mt (hay min) no. d - Xo tn - Chn Insert, Name, Define. - Chn tn cn xo t danh sch - Chn Delete - Chn OK hoc Close. e - Ch - Nu mun ly tn ca nhm ny t cho nhm khc, trc ht phi xo tn i. 9. Ghi ch cho C th thm phn ghi ch cho tng ring r. Nhng ghi ch ny gip ta gii thch bng tnh ca mnh mt cch r rng hn (ti sao li dng hm ny hay t a ch kia l tuyt i .v.v..). a - To ghi ch - V cn to ghi ch. - M hp thoi CellNote theo mt trong hai cc sau : Cch 1 : - Shift + F2 Cch 2 : - Chn mc Insert / Note - G vo li ghi ch trong khung Text Note - OK ng hp thoi. Nhy chut ti y chn tn Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 25
Mt chm vung mu gc phi trn ca ch ra rng c ghi ch. Nu khng thy chm vung ny hy lm nh sau : - Tools / Options / View - nh du chn vo Note Indicator Hnh di y cho thy cc H7 v I7 c ghi ch. Nu ang dng Excel 7 hoc Excel 97 th khi r chut vo I7, ni dung ghi ch c hin th
b - Xem / Sa / Xo cc ghi ch - Nu cn xem ghi ch ca mt : ch vic r chut vo , mt khung vi ni dung ghi ch xut hin. tt khung ny : r chut sang khc. - sa hay xo mt ghi ch : m hp thoi CellNote - Chn ghi ch cn thit trong khung Note In Sheet - Tin hnh sa ni dung ca ghi ch trong khung Text Note. xo ghi ch : chn Delete
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 26
10. Bo v Trong mt s trng hp, gii hn quyn s dng ca ngi khc, v d : khng cho h sa i mt s ny hay xem cng thc mt s khc .v.v.. hy s dng tnh nng bo v v che du . Cch lm nh sau : - Chn hay nhm cn bo v. - Chn mc Format / Cells / Protection. - Trong hp thoi nh du chn vo Locked : kho khng cho sa i Hidden : che du cng thc - OK Sau cn phi bo v bng tnh th nhng thit lp trn mi c tc dng. Xem phn 7. Bo v bng tnh trang 6.
iV. hm trong Excel Hm (Function) c xem nh l cc cng thc nh sn nhm thc hin cc tnh ton chuyn bit. Trn thc hin hm s cho mt gi tr hoc mt thng bo li. Excel c trn 300 hm v c phn loi thnh tng nhm. 1. Quy tc s dng hm - Cc hm c dng tng qut : TNHM(Cc tham bin). V d : TODAY( ) cho kt qu l ngy hin ti trong my 27/09/04 (hm khng cn tham bin) LEN("Excel 5.0") cho kt qu di ca chui l 9 (hm 1 tham bin) AVERAGE(A1,B5,D8) cho kt qu l trung bnh cng cc s trong cc A1, B5, D5 (hm nhiu tham bin) - Tn hm c th vit thng hay hoa hoc va vit thng va vit hoa u c. - Cc tham bin c th c hoc khng nhng phi t trong hai du ( ) v cch nhau bi du phy (nh trong ti liu ny), chm phy hoc mt du ngn cch no khc tu theo cch t cc thng s quc t. Trong 1 hm c th cha nhiu nht 30 tham bin nhng khng c vt qu 255 k t. - Trong hm khng c c du cch. - Hm phi c bt u bi du = hoc du ca mt php tnh. Trng hp dng mt hm lm tham bin cho mt hm khc (hm lng nhau, nhiu nht l 7 mc) khng cn vit du = trc tn hm . V d : cc A1, B1 cha s o cc cnh ca tam gic vung, khi cng thc = SQRT(SUM(A1^2, B1^2)) g ti C1 cho s o cnh huyn. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 27
y, SQRT l hm khai cn bc 2, SUM l hm tnh tng (bnh phng ca 2 cnh gc vung), ta thy trc hm ny khng c du = v n c dng lm tham bin (i s) cho hm SQRT. 2. Nhp hm vo bng tnh C 3 cch nhp hm vo bng tnh : - G vo t bn phm - Dng biu tng (Function Wizard) - Dng menu nhp hm : a con tr v cn thit ri chn mt trong cc cch sau : a - G vo t bn phm: - G du = - G vo tn hm, du (, cc tham bin theo ng dng thc quy nh, du ) b - Dng biu tng Function Wizard. Cc bc nh sau : 1 -Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard nh sau :
ngha ca cc nhm hm trong khung Function Category nh sau : Most Recently Used : Cc hm s dng gn y nht All : Tt c cc hm Financial : Hm ti chnh Date & Time : Hm Ngy v Gi Math & Trig : Hm Ton v Lng gic Statistical : Hm thng k Lookup & Reference : Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 28
Database : Hm C s d liu Text : Hm x l k t Logical : Hm Logic Information : Cc hm Thng tin v , v bng tnh .v.v. 2 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Category. Khi di chuyn thanh sng n nhm no, Excel s lit k cc hm ca nhm theo th t ch ci trong khung Function Name. 3 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Name 4 -Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard lit k cng dng, khung cc tham bin cn nhp, khung cha gi tr kt qu ca hm ...
in cc tham bin ca hm bng cch n nt chut vo khung cn thit, sau nhp t bn phm hoc r chut trn min d liu ( hnh trn l chn min A3:C3). Trng hp cn gi hm khc, chn nt f x
bn tri ca khung. 5 - Chn Finish. Excel tt hp thoi v ghi kt qu ca hm vo . 6 -Lu : + ngha cc nt lnh khc : - Next : chuyn sang bc tip theo : Function Wizard step 2 of 2 - Back : li v bc trc : Function Wizard step 1 of 2 - Cancel : hu b lnh + Khi con tr ti ang cha hm, nu chn Function Wizard Excel s chuyn sang vic chnh sa hm, xut hin hp thoi Editing Function 1 of 1 sau : Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 29
c - Dng Menu - Chn mc Insert, Function. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard - Cc bc cn li ging nh khi chn biu tng fx (trang ) 3. Mt s hm thng dng 3.1. Hm ngy thng DATE(year,month,day) Ch ra ngy dng s ng vi ngy thng nm. V d : =DATE(04,09,27) tr v 27-09-04 DAY(date) S ngy trong thng ca bin ngy thng date. V d : =DAY(27-09-04) tr v 27 =DAY("27-Sep") tr v 27 MONTH(date) S thng trong nm ca bin ngy thng date. V d : =MONTH(27-09-04) tr v 9 =MONTH("27-Sep") tr v 9 Time(hour, minute, second) Ch ra thi gian dng s. V d : =TIME(19,5,14) tr v 19:05:14 hoc 7:05 PM WEEKDAY(date) Ch ra s th t ca ngy trong tun ca bin ngy thng date (Th Hai l ngy th 1, Th Ba l ngy th 2, ..., Ch Nht l ngy th 7) V d : =WEEKDAY(27-09-04) tr v 6 YEAR(date) S nm ca bin ngy thng date. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 30
V d : =YEAR(27-09-04) tr v 2004 3.2. Hm k t EXACT(text1, text2) Nhn gi tr TRUE hay FALSE ph thuc vo hai chui text1 v text2 c ging ht nhau hay khng. V d : =EXACT("EXCEL","EXCEL") tr v TRUE =EXACT("EXCEL","Excel") tr v FALSE FIND(find_text, text, atnum) V tr ca chui con (Find_text) trong chui ln (text ) bt u t v tr atnum, nu b qua atnum n c cho bng 1. Hm ny phn bit ch HOA v thng V d : =FIND("e","Excel 5.0") tr v 4 =FIND("E","Excel 5.0") tr v 1 =FIND("A","Excel 5.0") tr v #VALUE! (li) FIXED(number, decimal, no_commas) Chuyn s (number) thnh chui dng c nh vi decimal s thp phn. Nu khng ghi decimal s cho 2 ch s thp phn. Nu no_commas l FALSE (hoc khng ghi), chui in ra s c du ngn cch nghn triu nh v d 1, nu no_commas l TRUE, chui in ra s khng c du ngn cch ngn triu nh v d 2 (ch v d ny c 2 du phy) V d : A1 cha s 12345.6789, khi =FIXED(A1,3) tr v 12 345.679 =FIXED(A1, ,TRUE) tr v 12345.68 LEFT(text, number) Ly number k t bn tri ca text. V d : =LEFT("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v Excel LEN(text) di ca chui k t text. V d : =LEN("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v 9 LOWER(text) Chuyn text thnh ch thng. V d : =LOWER("EXCEL") tr v excel MID(text, numstart, numchar) Tr li numchar k t ca text bt u t v tr numstart. V d : =MID("Excel for Windows",11,3) tr v Win PROPER(text) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 31
Chuyn cc ch ci u t ca text thnh ch vit hoa. V d : =PROPER("excel for windows") tr v Excel For Windows Ch : nu text l ting Vit, hm ny s cho kt qu sai. V d : = PROPER("vit") tr v Vit REPLACE(oldtext, numstart, numchar, newtext) Thay newtext vo oldtext bt u t v tr numstart v c di numchar. V d : =REPLACE("Ti hc Quattro 5.0",9,7,"Excel") tr v Ti hc Excel 5.0 REPT(text,number) Lp li text lin tip number ln. V d : =REPT("Tin hc ",3) tr v Tin hc Tin hc Tin hc RIGHT(text, number) Ly ra number k t bn phi ca text. V d : =RIGHT("Excel 5.0", 3) tr v 5.0 SEARCH(find_text, text, atnum) Tng t hm Find nhng khng phn bit ch in hoa hay ch in thng. SUBSTITUTE(text, oldtext, newtext, instance) Thay th newtext vo v tr oldtext trong text ln xut hin instance (Nu khng c i s ny s thay th mi v tr). V d : =SUBSTITUTE("Hy xem xem", "xem", "nhn",1) tr v Hy nhn xem =SUBSTITUTE("Hy xem xem", "xem", "y",2) tr v Hy xem y TRIM(text) Ct b cc k t trng v ngha trong text. V d : =TRIM(" MS Excel 5.0 ") tr v MS Excel 5.0 UPPER(text) Chuyn text thnh ch in hoa ton b. V d : =UPPER("excel") tr v EXCEL VALUE(text) Chuyn text sang s. V d : =VALUE(RIGHT("Tel. 533332",6)) tr v 533332 3.3. Hm ton hc ABS(x) : Gi tr tuyt i ca s x. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 32
ACOS(x) : Hm arccos ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc tr v theo radian t 0 n . Nu mun chuyn kt qu sang , nhn n vi 180/PI( ) ASIN(x) : Hm arcsin ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc tr v theo radian t -/2 n /2. ATAN(x) : Hm arctangent ca x. Tng t nh ASIN(x) COS(x) : Hm cos ca gc x, x l gc theo radian, nu l , phi nhn n vi PI( )/180. V d : = COS(0.785398) tr v 0.707107 (cos ca /4) = COS(45*PI( )/180) tr v 0.707107 (cos ca 45 o ) COSH(x) : Hm Cos Hyperbolic ca gc x. COuntif(range, criteria) : m s khng rng tho tiu chun cho trc Range L tp hp cc m ta mun m Criteria Tiu chun, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc, xc nh xem s m no. Xt bng trn trang 55, m s ngi + C Lng bng 50, dng cng thc : Cng thc =COUNTIF(D2:D10,50) cho kt qu l 3 + Tui t 30 tr ln dng cng thc : =COUNTIF(D2:D10,>=30) (phi biu thc trong du nhy kp ) + Tn bt u bng ch H dng cng thc : =COUNTIF(A2:A10,H*) (phi ch v du * trong du nhy kp ) Hm COUNTIF ch m theo 1 iu kin, v d ch m s N hoc ch m s Tui t 30 tr ln. Nu cn m s N c tui t 30 tr ln (kt hp 2 iu kin) phi dng hm DCOUNT (xem trang 57) DEGREES(x) : i radian sang V d : = DEGREES(PI( )/4) tr v 45 () EXP(x) : Hm m e x (tr v lu tha ca e). V d : = EXP(1) tr v 2.718281 INT(x) : S nguyn ln nht khng vt qu (nh hn) x. V d : = INT(2.789) tr v 2 = INT(-2.4) tr v -3 (v -3 nh hn -2.4) LN(x) : logarit t nhin ca x. LOG(number, base) : Logarit c s base ca number LOG10(number) : Logarit c s 10 ca number (log 10 x) MDETERM(DC) : nh thc ma trn cho bi a ch vng DC. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 33
MINVERSE(DC) : Ma trn ngc ca DC. MMULT(M1,M2) : Tch hai ma trn M1,M2. MOD(n,t) : S d ca php chia nguyn n/t. V d : =MOD(11,3) tr v 2 PI( ) : Tr v s bng 3.141592654 RAND( ) : S ngu nhin gia 0 v 1. RANDBETWEEN(n1, n2) S nguyn ngu nhin gia hai s nguyn n1 v n2. ROUND(x,n) Lm trn s x vi chnh xc n con s th n - Nu n < 0 th x c lm trn n ch s thp phn th n - Nu n > 0 th x c lm trn n ch s bn tri th n ca du (chm) thp phn V d : A1 cha s 347 645.146, khi cng thc =ROUND(A1,2) tr v 347 645.15 =ROUND(A1,1) tr v 347 645.10 =ROUND(A1,-3) tr v 348 000 (lm trn n hng nghn) SIGN(x) : Xc nh du ca mt s. Tr v 1 nu x > 0, 0 nu x = 0, -1 nu x<0. V d : = SIGN(10) tr v 1 = SIGN(4-4) tr v 0 = SIGN(7-25) tr v -1 SIN(x) : hm Sin ca x. SINH(x) : hm Sin Hyperbolic ca x. SQRT(x) : hm cn bc hai ca x. SUM(n1, n2, ..) : tng ca cc s n1, n2,.. SUMif(range,criteria,sum_range) : Cng nhng tho iu kin no . Range L vng so snh vi Criteria Criteria L iu kin cng, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc. Quyt nh no trong vng Sum_Range s c cng Sum_Range L vng s c cng Cc trong Sum_range ch c cng nu cc tng ng vi n trong Range tho mn Criteria Xt bng trn trang 55, tnh tng lng ca nhng ngi + l N, dng cng thc : = SUMIF(C2 : C10, N,D2 : D10) cho kt qu 280 + ca nhng ngi c Lng t 50 tr ln, dng cng thc : Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 34
= SUMIF(D2 : D10,">50",D2 : D10) (ch du nhy kp ) + Tn bt u bng ch H dng cng thc : = SUMIF(A2 : A10,H*,D2 : D10) (ch du nhy kp v du * ) Hm SUMIF ch tnh tng theo 1 iu kin. Nu cn tnh tng theo 2 iu kin tr ln phi dng cng thc mng hoc hm DSMUM (xem trang 57) TAN(x) : hm Tang ca gc x. TANH(x) : hm Tang Hyperbolic ca x. TRUNC(x) Ct b phn thp phn ca s x ch ly phn nguyn. V d : = TRUNC(2.789) tr v 2 = TRUNC(-2.4) tr v -2, trong khi = INT(-2.4) tr v -3 3.4. Hm Logic AND(logic1,logic2,..) Nhn gi tr TRUE (ng) nu tt c cc biu thc logic1, logic2,... u l TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE (Sai) nu c t nht mt i s l FALSE V d : =AND(5>3,6>4) tr v TRUE =AND(5>3,6<=4) tr v FALSE FALSE( ) Cho gi tr logic FALSE. IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false) Tr li gi tr ghi trong value_if_true nu logical_test l TRUE v gi tr ghi trong value_if_false trong trng hp ngc li. Hm IF c th lng nhau n 7 cp. V d : Gi s trong B4 ghi tui ca mt ngi, khi cng thc = IF(B4>=16,"Ngi ln","Tr em") cho kt qu l Ngi ln nu tui t 16 tr ln, l Tr em nu tui di 16 kim tra xem D2 cha s no dng = IF(D2>0,"S dng", IF(D2=0,"S khng",S m")) NOT(logic) : hm ph nh. V d : = NOT(1+1>2) tr v TRUE = NOT(1+1=2) tr v FALSE OR(logic1,logic2,...) Nhn gi tr TRUE nu mt trong cc biu thc logic1,logic2,.. l TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE nu tt c cc biu thc l FALSE. V d : =OR(5>3,6<=4) tr v TRUE =OR(5<3,6<=4) tr v FALSE Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 35
TRUE( ) : nhn gi tr logic TRUE. 3.5. Hm thng k AVERAGE(num1, num2,..) Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s num1, num2,... V d : =AVERAGE(10,8,9,3) tr v 7.5 COUNT(a ch) : tnh s cc d liu kiu s trong min a ch V d : Cc t A1 n E5 cha cc gi tr sau : A B C D E 1 STT Tn sch S lng n gi Thnh tin 2 1 Excel 5.0 10 15000 150000 3 2 Word 6.0 15 14000 210000 4 3 Access 5 12000 60000 5 Cng 30 420000 khi , cng thc = COUNT(A1:E5) tr v 14 COUNTA(DC) Tnh s cc khng rng trong vng DC. V d : = COUNTA(A1:E5) tr v 23 (c 2 rng l A5 v D5) LARGE(DC,k) : Phn t ln th k trong vng DC. V d : = LARGE(E1:E5,1) tr v 420000 = LARGE(E1:E5,3) tr v 150000 MAX(num1,num2,..) : gi tr ln nht ca cc s num1,num2,.. V d : = MAX(E1:E5) tr v 420000 MIN(num1,num2,..) : gi tr nh nht ca cc s num1,num2,.. V d : = MIN(E1:E5) tr v 60000 MODE(DC) : tr li gi tr hay gp nht trong vng DC. V d : = MODE(1,2,4,5,2) tr v 2 RANK(s, Danh sch, Tu chn) : xc nh th hng ca s so vi chui cc s trong danh sch, tc l xem s ng th my trong chui s - xp gim dn nu khng c Tu chn hoc Tu chn bng 0 (V d 1). - xp tng dn nu Tu chn l mt s ln hn 0 (V d 2). a ch ca Danh sch phi l tuyt i. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 36
V d : 1. Gi s cc E3:E12 ghi im trung bnh ca cc th sinh, xp th cn c vo im trung bnh, ti F3 nhp =RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12) hoc =RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12,0), sau copy cng thc ny xung cc t E4 n E12. V d : 2. Gi s cc B3:B12 ghi thi gian chy 100 m ca cc vn ng vin, xp th cn c vo thi gian, ti C3 nhp =RANK(B3,$B$3:$B$12,1), sau copy cng thc ny xung cc t C4 n C12. C th thay s tham s th 3 bng mt s bt k khc 1. SMALL(DC,k) : phn t nh th k trong vng DC. V d : = SMALL(E1:E5,1) tr v 60000 = SMALL(E1:E5,3) tr v 210000 3.6. Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu vlookup(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup) Lookup_value Gi tr c tm kim trn ct bn tri ca Table_array Table_array Vng tm kim hay cn gi l bng tra cu, a ch phi l tuyt i, nn t tn cho vng (xem trang 11 v cch t tn). Col_index_num S th t ct trong table_array, ni VLOOKUP s ly gi tr tr v Range_lookup Gi tr logic xc nh vic tm kim l chnh xc hay gn ng, nu l: True hay 1 Ct u tin phi c sp xp tng dn (khi c th b qua tham s th 4 ny). Khi khng thy s ly kt qu gn ng, v th cn gi l d tm khng chnh xc. False hay 0 Ct u tin khng cn sp xp .Tm chnh xc, tr v #N/A nu khng thy. (Xem v d trang 72) V d : Bng sau l kt qu thi ca hc sinh, da vo im Trung bnh hy xp loi hc sinh theo thang im :
Km 5 Trung bnh 7 Kh 8 Gii 9.5 Xut sc dng hm VLOOKUP, ta cn thc hin cc bc sau : - Trong min C15:D19 g vo thang im trn di dng ct. V y l cch d tm khng chnh xc (trong mt khong) nn ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi loi. Nh vy : lookup_value l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th nht) table_array l min $C$15: $D$19 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a hng tiu C14: D14 vo) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 37
col_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca ct Loi, ct ny c s th t l 2 trong min $C$14: $D$19. range_lookup l 1 hoc TRUE u c, c th b qua tham bin ny - Ti G3 in vo cng thc = VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2) ta nhn c Trung bnh - Copy cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho cc hc sinh cn li. A B C D E F G 2 TT Tn Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th Xp loi 3 1 Hng 4 7 5.5 4 2 Bnh 6 8 7.0 Kh 5 3 Vn 8 9 8.5 Gii 6 4 Bnh 9 10 9.5 Xut sc 7 5 Doanh 5 8 6.5 Trung bnh 8 6 Loan 5 4 4.5 Km 9 7 Anh 9 6 7.5 Kh 10 8 Thu 3 5 4.0 Km 11 9 Khnh 6 7 6.5 Trung bnh 12 10 Ngn 10 8 9.0 Gii 13 14 im Loi 15 0 Km 16 5 Trung bnh
17 7 Kh 18 8.5 Gii 19 9.5 Xut sc 20 21 im 0 5 7 8.5 9.5 22 Loi Km Trung bnh Kh Gii Xut sc
hlookup(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num,range_lookup) Hm ny hot ng ging nh hm VLOOKUP, im khc l : Lookup_value Gi tr c tm kim trn hng u tin ca Table_array Table_array Vng tm kim vit thnh hng Row_index_num S th t hng trong table_array, ni HLOOKUP s ly gi tr tr v - Trong min A21: F22 ta g vo thang im trn di dng hng, ch ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi loi. Nh vy : lookup_value l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th 1) = VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 38
table_array l min $B$21: $F$22 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a ct tiu A21: A22 vo) row_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca hng Loi, hng ny c s th t l 2 trong min B21: F22. - Ti F3 in vo cng thc = HLOOKUP(E3,$B$21: $F$22,2), ta nhn c Trung bnh - Copy cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho cc hc sinh cn li. 3.7. Hm C s d liu Xem mc IX. 4. Cc hm CSDL (trang 55)
v. th Kh nng biu din s liu bng th ca Excel rt phong ph. Cc biu c ci t trn bng tnh tng thm sc hp dn v thuyt phc ca s liu. 1. Cc bc to th mi 1 - Chn min d liu cn a vo v th, v d B2:F6, ch chn c hng tiu 1992, 1993,... v ct tn cc bng tnh lm nhn cho th.
1 -Chn biu tng (ChartWizard), con tr chut tr thnh du + 2 -Xc nh min hnh ch nht ti vng trng ca bng tnh a th vo bng cch tr chut vo nh tri trn ca n, n v gi nt tri ng thi ko chut v nh phi di, th nt chut, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 1 of 5 3 -Nu cn, sa li a ch ca min d liu a vo v th trong khung Range bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn min d liu cn thit (xem trang 13)
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 39
ngha cc nt trong hp thoi nh sau : Cancel : hu b vic v th Next : chuyn sang bc tip theo Back : quay tr li bc trc Finish : t ng thc hin tt c cc bc cho n kt thc Nu chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 2 of 5 vi 15 kiu th ca Excel (9 nhm loi hai chiu v 6 nhm loi 3 chiu). 5 -Chn mt kiu th (v d 3-D Column), c th g k t c gch chn ca kiu cn thit ri n .Ch rng loi Pie ch p dng cho mt dy s, v thng dng so snh mt vi tt c cc yu t, v d so snh s hng bn c ca 1 qu vi c nm.
Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 3 of 5 vi cc dng ca kiu th c chn. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 40
6 -Chn mt dng cho th, nu dng bn phm, g s th t ca dng cn chn (v d g s 4). Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 4 of 5 vi th ca min d liu c chn.
7 -Nu cn thay i, sa cc thng s sau y cho th : Data Series in : V d liu theo hng (Rows) hay Ct (Columns) Use First Colums (Rows): S dng Ct (Hng) th ... for Category [X] Axis Labels : lm tiu cho trc X for Legend Text : lm vn bn cho ch thch. Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 5 of 5. 8 -in cc thng s sau : Add a Legend : (Yes/No) : C b sung ch thch ca cc dy s liu vo th khng ? Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 41
Chart Titles : Tiu chung ca th Axis Titles : Tiu ca cc trc Category [X] : Tiu cho trc X Value [Z] : Tiu cho trc Z (trong khng gian 3 chiu) Sau cc bc trn, mt th s c a vo bng tnh ti v tr nh. 2. Thit lp li th 1 -Chn th bng cch tr chut vo trong lng n v bm nt tri. Xut hin khung bao quanh th vi cc chm vung cc gc v gia cc cnh.
2 -Chn biu tng ChartWizard, Excel ln lt a ta tr li cc bc nu trn. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 42
3. Chnh sa th a - Chnh sa cc i tng : 1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung hoc mt ca s ring. 2 - sa kiu th chn Format, Chart Type sa cc i tng khc, nhy p ti i tng cn thit (v d tiu chung ca th), xut hin khung ch nht vi chm vung ti cc gc v gia cc cnh. Chn Format. Ni dung mc u tin ca menu dc tu thuc vic trc i tng no c chn, nh trong v d ny l Select Chart Title (tiu ca th). Chn mc ny v tin hnh cc chnh sa cn thit. Cn Thay i kch thc Tr chut vo chm vung sao cho xut hin mi tn 2 u, ko v th n ti v tr mi. Chuyn i tng Tr chut vo mt cnh sao cho xut hin , ko v th n ti v tr mi. Xo mt i tng n phm Delete Kt thc sa Tr chut vo vng ngoi th bm nt tri.
b - B sung / b ng k li : 1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung. 2 -Chn Insert, Gridlines. nh du chn vo cc cn thit b sung cc ng k li, b du chn hu b cc ng ny: Major Gridlines ng k chnh Minor Gridlines ng k ph Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 43
c - B sung thm ng biu din : V d : b sung thm ng biu din s liu ca nm 1996 vo th : - Chn min d liu cn b sung (min G2:G6) - Ko v th min ny vo th. 4. th kiu n chiu (Slideshow) C th to nhiu dng th cho mt hoc nhiu bng tnh sau cho trnh chiu ra mn hnh nh phim n chiu vi cc kiu mn hnh, thi gian chuyn v m thanh pht ra trc mi ln chuyn. a - To th kiu n chiu theo cc bc sau : 1. M mt hoc nhiu bng tnh to th. 2. Chn File, New. Hp thoi New xut hin (*)
3. Chn Sildes 4. Chn OK (hoc n ). Xut hin mn hnh Slides1
5. T menu chnh chn mc Windows, chn bng tnh c cc th v. 6. Chn th cn a vo n chiu.
* Nu khng xut hin hp thoi ny, ta chn mc Tools, Add-In, sau nh du chn vo mc Slideshow Template (nu mc ny c, nu khng, phi ci b sung tnh nng ny cho Excel). Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 44
7. T menu chnh chn mc Edit, Copy hoc n Ctrl + V, xut hin ng t nt chy xung quanh th. 8. Chn Windows, chn tip Slides1. Xut hin mn hnh Slides1 nh trn. 9. Chn nt Paste Slide. Xut hin hp thoi Edit Slide : Effect : Chn cc kiu mn hnh chuyn tip gia hai th : Cut throught black : Mu en Fade : Sng (ti) dn Vertical blinds : Mnh cun theo chiu ng Horizontal blinds : Mnh cun theo chiu ngang ... Test : Xem th kiu mn hnh chuyn tip. Advance : t mt trong hai tu chn sau : Manual : Nu chn, s tt ch t ng chuyn tip t th ny sang th khc. Khi trnh chiu ta phi n phm du cch hoc nt chut th Excel mi chuyn sang th sau. Time : T ng chuyn tip t th ny sang th khc sau thi gian bao nhiu giy (phi cung cp con s ti ny).
Sound : t m thanh cho kiu n chiu. Choose : Chn file m thanh (c tn *.WAV) trong th mc Windows Test Sound : Nghe th m thanh Clear : Xo b vic ci t m thanh 10. Chn OK kt thc vic to kiu th n chiu. Mn hnh Slides1 xut hin. 11. Lp li cc bc t 5 n 10 to kiu th n chiu khc. 12. trnh din cc kiu th n chiu, chn nt Start Show ca mn hnh Slide1. Hp thoi Start Show xut hin Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 45
- Nu nh du chn vo Repeat show until 'Esc' is pressed th ngng vic trnh din ta phi n phm Esc - Trong hp Initial Slide : Ch nh trnh din th n chiu th my. 13. ghi li tp cc kiu th n chiu, chn nt File, chn tip : - Save : Chp nhn tn file mc nh l SLIDE1.XLS - Save As : t tn khc cho file b - Sa th kiu n chiu : 1. M file n chiu cn chnh sa. Ca s mn hnh ca n chiu xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thao tc chnh sa : - B sung thm th n chiu : m bng tnh c cc th v ri thc hin cc bc t 5 - 10 ca mc a trn. - Chnh sa cc thng s ca mt kiu th : + Chn th (Slide Image) cn chnh sa + Chn nt Edit Slide + Sa cc thng s theo mun - Xo mt kiu th : + Chn th (Slide Image) cn xo + Chn nt Delete Row 3. Kt thc vic sa, chn biu tng Save c - Trnh din th kiu n chiu : 1. M file n chiu cn thit. 2. Chn nt Start Show (bc 12 ca mc a trn)
vIi. kiu trnh by Ging trong Word, cc kiu trnh by (Style) gip nh dng cc ca bng tnh mt cch nhanh chng v thng nht. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 46
1. To mt kiu trnh by mi - a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn to, nu l bng tnh mi a con tr v A1. - Chn mc Format, Style. Xut hin hp thoi Style
- Trong khung Style Name chn kiu trnh by to hoc g vo tn cho kiu trnh by mi. - Chn nt Modify. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells (xem trang 18) Number : nh dng s Aligment : Canh bin (dng hng) Font : nh dng k t Border : K khung Pattern : t mu nn Protection : Bo v - Tin hnh nh dng d liu. - Chn Add b sung kiu trnh by mi. - Chn OK kt thc. 2. p dng mt kiu trnh by a. Dng Menu - a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn p dng - Chn Format, Style - Chn kiu trnh by tng ng t danh sch Style Name - OK b. Dng thanh cng c (ging thao tc copy nh dng ca Word) 1 - a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn p dng 2 - Chn biu tng Format Painter (chi sn). Con tr chut lc ny c km theo chi sn. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 47
3 - Dng con tr chut chn (bi en) nhm cn nh dng theo kiu trnh by. p dng mt kiu trnh by cho cc min ri rc (cch xa nhau), bc 2 ta cn n i nt chut ti biu tng Format Painter. Sau bc 3, chn biu tng ny ln na kt thc vic.
vIii. Macros Cng ging trong Word, cc Macro ca Excel dng t ng cc cng vic m ta phi thng xuyn thc hin. Chng c th gn cho phm nng, thanh cng c hoc menu tin cho vic s dng. 1. Ghi mt Macro mi 1 - Chn Tools, Record - Chn Macro Record New thu Macro mi - Chn Use Relative Reference thu Macro theo a ch tng i, ngha l nu khi thu macro, thao tc thc hin trn mt th khi chy, thao tc s c thc hin ti mt khc hoc mt dy cc . Xut hin hp thoi Record New Macro : 2 - Trong Macro Name g vo tn cho Macro (bt u bng ch ci, sau l cc ch ci hoc con s, khng c dng cc k hiu, du cch hoc du ting Vit). 3 - Trong Description g vo li m t cc cng vic m Macro ny s thc hin. 4 - Chn Options. Trong khung Assign to chn cch gn Macro cho Menu hay to phm g tt cho n. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 48
Nu nh du chn vo mc Menu Item on Tools Menu, phi g vo tn ca mc. Sau ny nu chn mc Tools t menu chnh, ta s thy mc ny c xp vo cui ca menu dc. Nu nh du chn vo mc Shortcut Key, Excel ngh mt k t bt u bng ch e, nu mun ta c th xo ch e v g vo k t khc. Sau ny chy Macro n t hp phm Ctrl+phm ny. Lu rng phm tt trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng. V d khi g vo ch E lm phm tt, lc thc hin macro phi bm Ctrl+Shift+e. 5 - Trong khung Store in, chn Personal Macro Workbook c th dng Macro ny trong cc bng tnh khc, nu khng Macro ch c tc dng ti tp bng tnh hin thi (This WorkBook) hoc trong bng tnh mi (New WorkBook). 6 - Chn Visual Basic cc thao tc m ta thu c th hin bng ngn ng ny trong mt n th (Module) 7 - Chn OK bt u ghi li cc thao tc. Nh v d ny, ta cn chn cc biu tng %, ly thm s l, in m, gch chn. 8 - Chn nt Stop kt thc vic ghi Macro. Nu khng thy nt ny, chn mc Tools, Record Macro, Stop Recording. 2. Gn Macro cho thanh cng c - Chn View, Tools. Xut hin hp thoi Toolbars - Chn nt Customize. - Trong khung Categories chn Custom. - Ko mt biu tng t dng no trn thanh cng c v th trn bng tnh c ch. Ko mt nt ca hp thoi Customize v th trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi Assign Macro. Stop Macro Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 49
- Chn tn ca Macro cn thit (nu c) t danh sch. C th chn nt Record v thc hin cc bc t 2 n 8 ca mc 1. trn to v gn mt Macro mi cho thanh cng c. - Chn OK - Chn Close 3. Chy Macro a - a con tr v ch cn p dng Macro. b - Chn biu tng ca Macro, hoc t Menu chnh chn Tools, sau chn tip mc cn thit, hoc n t hp phm nng tu theo trc ta gn Macro cho thanh cng c, Menu hoc n t hp phm nng. Cng c th chy mt Macro theo cch sau : - Chn Tools, Macro. Hp thoi Macro hin ra. - Chn Macro cn thit t danh sch Macro Name. - Chn nt Run. 4. Xo Macro - Chn Tools, Macro. Hp thoi Macro hin ra. - Chn Macro cn xo t danh sch Macro Name. - Chn Delete, Yes
Ix. qun tr d liu 1. Khi nim c bn C s d liu (CSDL) l tp hp cc d liu c sp xp trn mt vng ch nht (gm t nht 2 hng) ca bng tnh theo quy nh sau : Hng u tin ghi cc tiu ca d liu, mi tiu trn mt ct. Cc tiu ny c gi l trng (field) T hng th hai tr i cha d liu, mi hng l mt bn ghi (record) - Ch : + Tn cc trng phi l dng k t, khng c dng s, cng thc, to ...).Nn t tn trng ngn gn, khng trng lp. + Khng nn c min rng trong CSDL 2. Sp xp d liu - Nu nh sp xp cho ton b CSDL: v bt k ca n. Nu ch nh sp xp cho mt s bn ghi : chn min d liu cn a vo sp xp. Xut hin hp thoi Sort. Excel c th sp xp theo 3 kho (iu kin). Chn (bm nt chut ti) ca khung ny. Xut hin danh sch tri xung ghi tn hoc th t cc trng. Chn trng cn thit. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 50
Sau y l ngha cc mc : - Sort by : ct u tin nht trong kho sp xp. - Then by : ct u tin th hai v th ba trong kho sp xp - Ascending : sp xp tng dn - Desending : sp xp gim dn - My List Has : Header Row (hoc No Header Row): min d liu cha (hoc khng cha) hng tiu Nt Option - Case Sensitive : phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng - Orientation : Sort Top To Bottom : sp xp cc dng trong CSDL Sort Left To Right : sp xp cc ct trong CSDL Chn OK bt u sp xp. Hnh trn l hp thoi Sort vi cc thng s danh sch c xp theo vn A, B, C ca Tn, nhng bn ghi trng tn xp ngi c im Trung bnh cao ln trn, nhng bn ghi trng im Trung bnh xp ngi c im Tin cao ln trn. 3. Lc d liu a - Cc yu t c bn thc hin lc d liu, phi xc nh cc yu t c bn sau trn bng tnh : - Min d liu (Database) : cha ton b d liu cn x l, k c hng tiu . - Min tiu chun (Criteria) : l min bt k trn bng tnh ngoi vng CSDL, cha cc tiu chun (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi thi mn). Min tiu chun gm ti thiu 2 hng : hng u cha tiu ca min tiu chun. Cc tiu ny hoc l tn trng hoc l tn bt k ph thuc vo phng php thit lp tiu chun trc tip hay gin tip). T hng th hai tr i l tiu chun ca CSDL. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 51
Min tiu chun so snh trc tip (TCSSTT): cho php a vo cc tiu chun so snh d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSTT c to ra theo nguyn tc sau : Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun, ly tn trng lm tiu . Hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, trc cc gi tr c th thm cc ton t so snh nh >, >=,<, <=. Cc tiu chun trn cng hng (thng c gi l iu kin v - and) c thc hin ng thi. Cc tiu chun trn cc hng khc nhau (thng c gi l iu kin hoc l - or) c thc hin khng ng thi. V d v cch vit TCSSTT : Tn Lc ra nhng ngi tn l Bnh Bnh
Trung bnh Lc ra nhng ngi t im > = 5 Trung bnh t 5 tr ln
Tui Lc ra nhng ngi 18 tui 18 lc ra nhng ngi t im Trung bnh t 5 n 8 (trong khong) lm nh sau : Trn hng tiu ca tiu chun phi c 2 u ghi trng Trung bnh, ngay pha di ghi iu kin (trn cng mt hng) : Trung bnh Trung bnh >=5 <8 lc ra nhng ngi Xp loi Km hoc Gii, Xut sc (tc l im Trung bnh di 5 hoc trn 8 (ngoi khong) lm nh sau: Ngay pha di ghi iu kin (trn hai hng) : Trung bnh < 5 > 8 lc ra danh sch Nam hoc Tui trn 21 : iu kin ghi trn hai hng : Tui GT Nam > 21 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 52
Min tiu chun so snh gin tip (TCSSGT) hay cn gi l tiu chun cng thc: cho php a vo cc tiu chun so snh d liu hoc mt phn d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSGT c to ra theo nguyn tc sau : Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun. Tiu ny c th t bt k nhng khng c trng vi tn trng no. T hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, mi tiu chun l mt cng thc. Cng thc ny phi cha a ch ca bn ghi u tin. Kt qu thc hin cng thc ny l mt gi tr Logic : TRUE (ng) hoc FALSE (Sai) Nm sinh =YEAR(C3) < 1975 Sinh trc 1975 Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin FALSE (v Nm sinh ca Hng l 1978) Ngy sinh chn =MOD(DATE(C3),2) =0 Sinh vo Ngy chn Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin TRUE (v Ngy sinh ca Hng l 30) - Min ch (Copy to) : min trng trn bng tnh, dng cha cc bn ghi t tiu chun. b - Lc t ng (AutoFilter) - Chn min d liu nh lc (k c hng tiu ). - Data, Filter - Chn AutoFilter, Excel t ng chn nhng mi tn vo bn phi ca cc tn trng. - Chn ti ct cha d liu dng lm tiu chun lc (v d ti ct Xp loi). - Chn mt trong cc mc ti Menu : [All] : Hin ton b cc bn ghi [Blanks] : Ch hin cc bn ghi trng [Nonblanks] : Ch hin cc bn ghi khng trng [Custom ...] : Dng cc ton t so snh (s c trnh by chi tit trong phn tip theo) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 53
Phn cn li l danh sch gi tr ca cc bn ghi trong CSDL ti ct . Khi cn lc cc bn ghi theo mt gi tr c th no ch cn chn gi tr trong Menu (v d chn Trung bnh). Dng cc ton t so snh Khi chn mc ny xut hin hp thoi sau vi 2 khung nh ghi tiu chun so snh : Chn 1 tiu chun : trong khung th nht (khung trn) :
- Nhn nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >). G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi, sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh. - Chn OK Chn 2 tiu chun : trong khung th hai : - t tiu chun th nht (nh trnh by trn) - Chn nt And (V, trong khong i vi s) hoc Or (Hoc l, ngoi khong i vi s) - t tiu chun th hai : bm nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >). G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi, sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 54
- Chn OK Hnh trn t tiu chun lc danh sch hc sinh Km, Gii, Xut sc (im Trung bnh <=5.5 hoc >=8.5) Hu lc d liu : - Hu lc trong 1 ct : Bm nt chut ti ca ct , chn [All] - Hu lc ton b : - Data, Filter, chn AutoFilter xo du - Hin li tt c cc hng trong danh sch c lc : - Data, Filter, Show All c - Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter) Advanced Filter dng tm cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin phc tp hn. Chc nng lc nng cao ny ng vi vi cc tiu chun so snh gin tip, bt buc phi dng min tiu chun. Cc bc nh sau : - To min tiu chun. - Chn min d liu nh lc - Data, Filter - Chn Advanced Filter, ngha cc mc trong hp thoi Advanced Filter nh sau : Action : Filter the List, in place : Lc ti ch (ngay ti v tr ca CSDL ch hin cc bn ghi tho mn tiu chun lc) Copy to Another Location : Trch cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc sang min khc ca bng tnh, a ch ca min ny c xc nh ti khung Copy to List Range : a ch min d liu ngun em lc Criteria Range : a ch min tiu chun Copy to : a ch min ch cha cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc) Unique Record Only : Ch hin 1 bn ghi trong s cc bn ghi trng nhau. V d : lc ra danh sch cc hc sinh N t im Trung bnh t 7 tr ln (Xp loi t Kh tr ln) ca danh sch trn trang 55 ta in vo cc mc trong hp thoi Advanced Filter nh hnh sau.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 55
Kt qu l ti min A17 : J20 ta c cc bn ghi t tiu chun nu. A B C D E F G H I J 1 kt qu thi cui k - lp tin hc c s 2 TT Tn Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th Xp loi 3 1 Hng 30/01/78 Nam 4 7 5.5 8 Trung bnh 4 2 Bnh 21/08/74 N 7 7 7.0 5 Kh 5 3 Vn 12/11/70 N 8 9 8.5 3 Gii 6 4 Bnh 15/06/77 N 9 10 9.5 1 Xut sc 7 5 Doanh 05/12/76 Nam 5 8 6.5 7 Trung bnh 8 6 Loan 18/09/77 N 5 4 4.5 9 Km 9 7 Anh 23/04/68 Nam 9 6 7.5 4 Kh 10 8 Thu 01/05/73 N 3 5 4.0 10 Km 11 9 Bnh 26/02/71 Nam 6 8 7.0 5 Kh 12 10 Ngn 12/05/75 N 10 8 9.0 2 Gii 13 14 Gt Trung bnh 15 N >=7 16 17 TT Doan h Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th Xp loi 18 2 Bnh 21/08/74 N 7 7 7.0 5 Kh 19 3 Vn 12/11/70 N 8 9 8.5 3 Gii 20 10 Ngn 12/05/75 N 10 8 9.0 2 Gii 4. Cc hm C s d liu (CSDL) Dng tr li mt gi tr t CSDL theo mt iu kin no . CSDL sau y dng minh ho cho cc v d. A B C D 1 Tn Tui Gii tnh Lng 2 An 30 Nam 50 3 Ho 28 N 40 4 Thanh 35 Nam 80 5 Bnh 29 N 60 6 Vn 40 N 100 7 Phc 28 Nam 50 8 Kim 21 N 30 9 Oanh 38 N 50 10 Hng 28 Nam 80 11 12 Vn H Tui Gii tnh Lng 13 FALSE 28 N >=50 14 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 56
DSUM (database, field, criteria) Tnh tng trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria) V d : tnh tng lng ca N, ti mt trng no ca bng tnh, sau khi nhp cng thc = DSUM(A1: D10, 4 , C12: C13) ta nhn c gi tr 280. Trong cng thc ny : A1: D10 l a ch CSDL (database) C12: C13l a ch min tiu chun (criteria) 4 l s th t ca ct lng (ct cn tnh tng) tnh t ct th nht ca CSDL (ct Tn), c th thay con s ny bng "Lng"(bao trong du nhy kp) hoc D1 ( c trng Lng) Khi ch tnh theo 1 iu kin th c th thay hm DSUM bng SUMIF. Cng thc trn c th thay bng =SUMIF(C2:C10,N,D2:D10). Nhng khi tnh theo t 2 iu kin tr ln hm DSUM th c thay bng cng thc mng (xem trang 12). V d tnh tng Lng ca nhng ngi l N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc sau : =DSUM(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13) s c thay bng cng thc mng : ={SUM(IF(C2:C10=N,1,0)*IF(D2:D10>=50,1,0)* D2:D10)} DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) Tnh gi tr trung bnh cng trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria) V d : tnh tui trung bnh ca N, sau khi nhp cng thc = DAVERAGE(A1: D10, 2, C12: C13) ta nhn c gi tr 30.4 (Tui l ct th 2 tnh t tri sang, v vy trong cng thc trn c th thay con s ny bng "Tui") DMAX (database, field, criteria) Tnh gi tr ln nht trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria) V d : tnh Lng cao nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp cng thc = DMAX(A1: D10, 4, B12: B13) ta nhn c gi tr 80 DMIN (database, field, criteria) Tnh gi tr nh nht trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 57
V d : tnh Lng thp nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp cng thc = DMIN(A1: D10, 4, B12: B13) ta nhn c gi tr 40 DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) m s bn ghi ca CSDL (database) trn ct s (field) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria) V d : m s ngi l N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc : =DCOUNT(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13) cho ta kt qu l 3 V d : m s ngi c ch ci u ca Tn l H, sau khi to min TCSSGT vi tiu Vn H (hoc ni dung bt k) ti A12 v tiu chun =LEFT(A2,1)="H" ti A13, nhp cng thc = DCOUNT(A1: D10, 2 , D12: D13) ta nhn c gi tr 2. Cn ch rng ti v tr tham bin th 2 (field) ca hm DCOUNT ch c ghi s th t (hoc tn) ca trng s bt k ch khng c ghi s th t (hoc tn) ca trng k t hoc ngy thng. Nh trong v d trn c th ly s 4 (ch khng c ly s 1 hoc 3) thay cho s 2. DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) m s khng rng ca ct bt k (field) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria). Khc vi DCOUNT, trong cng thc ca hm ny c th ghi s th t hoc tn ca trng bt k no ca CSDL. 5. Tng kt theo nhm a - Tng kt theo mt loi nhm (SubTotal) : Chc nng mi ny ca Excel 5.0 cho php to cc dng tng kt trong mt CSDL. SubTotal s chn ti cc v tr cn thit cc tnh ton thng k theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. Cc bc thc hin nh sau : 1/ Sp xp d liu theo trng cn to SubTotal ( v d trn l trng Xp loi). 2/ Chn Data, Subtotals, xut hin hp thoi Subtotal. Trong : Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 58
At Each Change in : Chn trng m theo trng ny, ti mi v tr thay i, Excel s chn vo mt dng Tng kt - tc l dng thc hin cc php tnh ( v d trn l trng Xp loi, c mi khi chuyn sang loi hc sinh khc Excel li chn dng kt qu tnh vo ti cc dng 5,8,12, 15,17). Use Function : Chn hm tnh ton tng kt d liu. Hm ngm nh l SUM. v d trn dng hm Average tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mt s trng. Add SubTotal to : Chn cc trng cn tnh ton ( v d trn l tnh Trung bnh cc trng Tui, Ton, Tin, Trung bnh).
Cc tu chn khc : Replace Current SubTotal : Khi to dng tng kt mi dng ny s thay th dng tng kt c. Theo ngm nh cc dng tng kt s ni tip nhau. Page Break Between Group : Chn du ngt trang ti mi v tr c dng SubTotal (tc l a mi nhm sang mt trang ring bit). Summary Below Data : t dng tng kt cui mi nhm. Nu b du dng ny s c a ln trc mi nhm. Remove All : Hu b mi SubTotal thc hin. 3/ Chn Ok bt u to. b - Tng kt theo nhiu loi nhm (PivotTable - Bng Tng hp) : Chc nng ny ca Excel cho php t ng ho qu trnh tng kt theo nhiu loi nhm, phn tch v nh gi s liu m sau y chng ti gi l Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 59
Bng Tng hp. Bng sau l mt CSDL v doanh thu ca mt c quan kinh doanh gm 2 ca hng k hiu l S 1 v S 2. A B C D E 1 Ngy Nhn vin Ca hng Sn phm Tin 2 29-08-97 Hng S 1 Ko 20 3 29-08-97 Lan S 1 Bnh 10 4 30-08-97 Chi S 1 Bnh 40 5 30-08-97 Nga S 2 Mt 15 6 30-08-97 Vn S 2 Ko 25 7 03-09-97 Chi S 1 Bnh 30 8 03-09-97 Lan S 1 Ko 45 9 03-09-97 Nga S 2 Ko 20 10 04-09-97 Chi S 1 Mt 10 11 04-09-97 Vn S 2 Bnh 35 T CSDL trn, tng hp theo tng ca hng, tng nhn vin v tng ngy cho bng Tng hp sau : Ca hng (All)
Sum of Tin Sn phm Nhn vin Ngy Bnh Ko Mt Grand Total Chi 03-09-97 30 0 0 30 04-09-97 0 0 10 10 30-08-97 40 0 0 40 Chi Total 70 0 10 80 Hng 29-08-97 0 20 0 20 Hng Total 0 20 0 20 Lan 03-09-97 0 45 0 45 29-08-97 10 0 0 10 Lan Total 10 45 0 55 Nga 03-09-97 0 20 0 20 30-08-97 0 0 15 15 Nga Total 0 20 15 35 Vn 04-09-97 35 0 0 35 30-08-97 0 25 0 25 Vn Total 35 25 0 60 Grand Total 115 110 25 250 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 60
Cc khi nim c bn bng CSDL trn, tiu ca cc ct l cc "trng" (field): Ngy, Nhn vin, Ca hng, Sn phm v Tin. Cc trng ny s tham gia vo vic xy dng bng Tng hp ny. Bng Tng hp c chia lm 4 vng : Page Field : Ton b d liu c tng kt theo tng nhm (Item) ca trng ny. Page Field lun nm pha trn ca bng Tng hp. Trong v d ny, Page Field l Ca hng gm 2 nhm S 1 v S 2. Row Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn mt dng, v vy c gi l "Row". Nu s Row Field nhiu hn 1, PivotTable s tng kt cc trng ny theo kiu lng nhau theo th t t trn xung di. Trong v d ny, c 2 Row Field l Nhn vin v Ngy, trng Nhn vin c tng kt trc ri mi n trng Ngy. Column Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn mt ct, v vy c gi l "Column". Nu s Nhm ny nhiu hn 1, PivotTable s tng kt cc nhm ny theo th t t tri qua phi. Trong v d ny, cc Nhm c tng kt thnh cc ct (trng) theo th t ABC ca tn nhm : Bnh, Ko Mt. Data Field : vng chnh ca Bng Tng hp ghi kt qu ca mt php ton. Trong v d ny, s liu cu trng Tin c a vo v php ton tng kt l ly tng (SUM). To mi mt Bng Tng hp - Chn min d liu k c tiu ca cc ct (v d A1:E11) - Chn mc Data, PivotTable Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 1 of 4 xut hin. - Chn Microsoft Excel List of Database - Chn Next Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 2 of 4 xut hin. Nu cn, sa li a ch ca min d liu bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn li. - Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi PivotTable Wizard Step 3 of 4. - Chn cc trng a vo cc vng ca bng bng cch ko v th tn trng bn phi hp thoi ti cc vng c n nh trong bng. v d ny chng ti a vo cc mi tn (ch hng ko th) ta c tin thao tc. C th, ta Ko trng th ti vng Ca hng PAGE Nhn vin ROW Ngy ROW Sn phm COLUMN Tin DATA Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 61
Sau thao tc trn, hp thoi c dng :
Chn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin hp thoi PivotTable Wizard Step 4 of 4. Trong hp PivotTable Starting Cell ta ch ra a ch ca u tin (gc tri trn) ca bng Tng hp (v d : nu ta chn A13, Excel s t in vo Sheet1!$A$13). Nu khng, bng Tng hp s c Sheet Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 62
mi (tip ngay sau Sheet hin ti).
Trong hp PivotTable Name ta g vo tn ca bng Tng hp (trng hp cn to nhiu bng Tng hp cho mt CSDL), v d Tng kt Bn hng. ngha cc la chn khc nh sau : Grand Total For Columns : To thm ct tng cho mi s liu ca Column Field. Grand Total For Rows : To thm hng tng cho mi s liu ca Row Field. Save Data With Table Layout : Bng Tng hp c lu tr cng vi Format c to. AutoFormat Table : T ng to khun cho Bng Tng hp iu chnh Bng Tng hp Thay i v tr cc trng : Trong Bng Tng hp ko v th tn trng ti v tr mong mun. v d trn, c th i ch cho hai trng Nhn vin v Ngy bng cch ko trng Nhn vin v bn phi trng Ngy v th ti . B sung cc trng : - Chn bt k ca Bng Tng hp - Chn mc Data, PivotTable - Thc hin li cc bc nh khi to mi bng Tng hp b sung trng vo cc v tr mong mun. Xo trng : Trong Bng Tng hp ko tn trng cn xo ra khi bng. Sa tn trng : a con tr v trng cn thit trong Bng Tng hp v tin hnh sa tn nh sa d liu ca bng tnh Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 63
Thay i hm s tnh ton ch mc nh s liu ca vng DATA c ly tng v cc ct hoc hng Total cng c ly tng. C th thay i cc cch tnh ny bng cc hm s khc nh m (Count), tnh trung bnh (Average), tm cc i (Max), tm cc tiu (Min),... Cc bc nh sau : - Trong Bng Tng hp chn trng trc ta a vo vng DATA (nh v d trn trang 59, chn Grand Total) - Chn mc Data, PivotTable Field, xut hin hp thoi sau :
- Chn hm tng ng danh sch Summarize by - Chn OK T ng iu chnh Bng Tng hp khi d liu gc thay i Sau khi sa s liu ca CSDL - Chn bt k ca Bng Tng hp - Chn mc Data, Refresh Data
X. trnh by trang 1. Chn c giy, hng in - Chn File, Page Setup. Xut hin hp thoi Page Setup - Chn Page - Chn c giy trong khung Paper Size - Chn Landscape in ngang giy, Portait in dc - OK
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 64
2. t l - Chn File, Page Setup - Chn Margins Chn t khong cch cho Top L trn (1) Bottom L di (2) Left L tri (3) Right L phi (4) Header L ca tiu u trang (5) Footer L ca tiu cui trang (6) - t li khong cch cc l cho ph hp, cn ch rng cc khong cch ny c tnh bng cm hoc inch. 3. To tiu u / cui trang a - Chn tiu u / cui trang theo mu : - Chn File, Page Setup - Chn Header /Footer - Chn Header hoc Footer, xut hin danh sch cc mu, ngha ca chng nh sau: (none) trng phn tiu u/ cui trang Page 1 In ch Page km theo s trang Page 1 of ? In ch Page km theo s trang ca tng s trang Mt mu (sample) xut hin cho ta thy kt qu ca vic chn - Chn OK (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 65
b - T to tiu u / cui trang: - Chn File, Page Setup - Chn Header /Footer - Chn Custom Header hoc Custom Footer, xut hin hp thoi sau :
- Cn to cho phn no ca tiu a con tr n phn v g vn bn vo hoc chn cc nt tng ng. V d to tiu nh cc trang l ca ti liu ny, ta g vo Khoa CNTT ti Left Section v nhy chut ti nt Chn Font ch trnh by kiu, c ch. Lm tng t nh vy vi t Excel Center Section. c s trang gc phi tiu , ta a con tr v Right Section v chn nt nh s trang - OK 4. Chn / xo du ngt trang a - Chn du ngt trang dc v ngang : - Chn ni ta mun bt u trang mi. - Insert, Page Break Excel chn du ngt trang (l cc ng k nt t) trn v bn tri c ch nh. b - Ch chn mt du ngt trang ngang : - Chn hng ni ta mun bt u trang mi. - Insert, Page Break Excel chn du ngt trang trn hng c ch nh. c - Ch chn mt du ngt trang dc : - Chn ct ni ta mun bt u trang mi. - Insert, Page Break Excel chn du ngt trang bn tri ct c ch nh. d - Xo mt du ngt trang: - Chn bt k ngay pha di du ngt trang ngang hoc ngay bn phi du ngt trang dc. Chn Font ch Chn Ngy, gi nh s trang Chn tn File Phn bn tri ca tiu Phn gia ca tiu Phn bn phi ca tiu Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 66
- Insert, Remove Page Break e - Xo tt c cc du ngt trang: - Chn ton b bng tnh. - Insert, Remove Page Break 5. Lp li tiu ca bng tnh khi sang trang cc bng tnh ln, mi khi sang trang, trnh phi g li cc tiu , ta lm nh sau : - Chn File, Page Setup - Chn Sheet, xut hin hp thoi sau :
- Nu cn lp li cc hng tiu , trong khung Rows to Repeat at Top in vo s th t ca chng. V d, bi tp 3 trang 72, mi khi sang trang, tiu TT H v tn CV ... ti hng 2 ca bng tnh c lp li, ta in vo $2:$2 (bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn 1 bt k no ca hng ). - Nu cn lp li cc ct bn tri bng tnh trong khung Columns to Repeat at Left in vo s th t ca chng. V d, bi tp 3 trang sau khi chn du ngt trang dc ti ct K, ta mun trang u in cc ct t TT H v tn n Tm ng (t ct A n ct I ), cn trang sau in cc ct TT H v tn v ct Cn li, ta in vo $A:$B (v cn lp li 2 ct TT H v tn) bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn 2 bt k no trn cng hng ca 2 ct . - Chn OK. Ta ch thy tiu lp li khi chn biu tng Print Preview (knh lp) hoc khi in ra giy. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 67
6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh Excel ch in khung cho cc do ta k m khng in li c sn cho cc khc ca bng tnh, ta lm nh sau : - Chn File, Page Setup - Chn Sheet - B du chn x ti Grid - OK
xi. in Trc khi in nn : - Chn mc File, Print Preview (hoc biu tng Print Preview) xem b cc (hnh th) bng tnh - Kim tra xem my in sn sng cha ( ni vi my tnh cha, bt cha, np giy cha v.v..). in ton b bng tnh, chn biu tng Print trn thanh cng c. in tng phn bng tnh : - Chn mc File, Print. xut hin hp thoi sau :
Selections : In mt khi c chn trc . Selected Sheet(s) : In mt hoc nhm bng tnh Entire Workbook : In ton b tp bng tnh Pages : In mt dy cc trang : in vo s th t ca trang u dy trong From, s th t ca trang cui trong To - Chn OK.
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xII. lm vic vi nhiu bng tnh - Ln lt m cc bng tnh. Trn mn hnh l bng tnh c m sau cng. chuyn sang lm vic vi bng tnh khc : - Chn Window, Excel lit k cc bng tnh ang m vi s th t ca chng, tn bng tnh cha con tr c du bn tri - Chn bng tnh m ta cn chuyn ti (hoc g s th t ca bng tnh ) Mun cho hin ra tt c cc bng tnh trn mn hnh : - Chn Window, Arrange. Xut hin hp thoi Arrange Windows Chn mc sp xp cc ca s bng tnh Title Ph kn mn hnh Horizontal Theo chiu ngang Vertical Theo chiu dc Cascade So le - chuyn sang bng tnh no, kch chut ti ca s ca bng tnh hoc n Ctrl+F6. Ta c th thc hin cc thao tc vi cc ca s ny nh : sp xp li, thay i kch thc, ng v.v.. C th copy, chuyn khi t bng tnh ny sang bng tnh khc (xem cc thao tc vi khi trang 13). Khi khng cn bng tnh no ta nn ng n li ( gii phng bt b nh) bng cch chuyn v bng tnh , chn File, Close hoc ng ca s ca bng tnh li Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 69
xiii. trao i thng tin vi word 1. Chuyn cc kt qu ca Excel cho Word Theo cc bc sau : - Chn min d liu ca bng tnh cn chuyn cho Word (xem cch nh du khi trang 13). Nu l th ch cn tr chut vo trong lng n, n nt tri, xut hin chm vung ti cc cnh v gc ca khung. - Chn biu tng Copy trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Copy. Nu khng cn lm vic vi Excel na, thot khi chng trnh ny (xem trang 4). Nu ta a vo b nh mt khi ln, hy tr li Yes cho cu hi Save Large Clipboard From ... ? - Khi ng Word (nu cn), trong Word ta m ti liu v a con tr v v tr cn thit, sau lm theo mt trong hai cch sau : Cch 1 : Chn biu tng Paste trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Paste. Cch 2 : Chn mc Edit, Paste Special, Paste Link. S khc nhau gia 2 cch dn : Bng cch 2, mi thay i ca i tng trong Excel s c phn nh trong Word. Trong khi cch 1 s sa i khng c phn nh. Ch : Khng th a ng thi mt lc bng tnh v th sang cho Word c. Ta phi thc hin cc thao tc trn ln lt cho tng loi mt. 2. Chuyn bng g bng Word cho Excel Kh nng tnh ton trong bng ca Word rt yu. N cn tnh ton trong cc bng c g bng Word, nn chuyn chng cho Excel theo cc bc sau : - Trong Word, chn cc hay ton b bng g. - Chn biu tng Copy trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Copy. Nu khng cn lm vic vi Word na, ta ra khi chng trnh ny. Nu ta a vo b nh mt khi ln, hy tr li Yes cho cu hi Save Large Clipboard From ... ? - Khi ng Excel (nu cn), trong Excel m bng tnh v a con tr v v tr cn thit, , sau lm theo mt trong hai cch sau : Cch 1 : Chn biu tng Paste trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Paste. Cch 2 : Chn mc Edit, Paste Special, Paste Link. Bng cch 2, mi thay i ca i tng trong Word s c phn nh trong Excel. Trong khi cch 1 s sa i khng c phn nh. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 70
bi thc hnh Bi 1. Lp bng doanh thu sau : A B C D E F G 1 D tnh thu nhp nm 1997 cng ty X 2 Hng mc Qy I Qy II Qy III Qy IV C nm VN 3 Bn : 14000 15000 16000 24000 69000 4 Chi phi : 5 Lng 2000 2000 2000 2000 8000 6 Tr li 1200 1400 1500 1600 5700 7 Nh 600 600 600 600 2400 8 Qung co 900 2000 1700 4000 8600 9 Vt t 4000 4200 4500 5000 17700 10 Tng chi : 8700 10200 10300 13200 42400 11 Thu nhp: 12 Qy 5300 4800 5700 10800 13 Ti qy 5300 10100 15800 26600 T gi 11.000 - Khng g d liu cc ct F, G v cc hng 10,12,13. Cch tnh nh sau : C nm = Cc qu, ti F3 g = SUM(B3:E3) Tng chi = Cc mc chi, ti B10 g = SUM(B5:B9) Thu nhp Qu = Bn - Tng chi, ti B12 g = B3-B10 Thu nhp ti qu = Lu k cc qu trc, ti B13 g = B12 ti C13 g = B13+C12 copy cng thc t C13 sang D13:E13 - Chn thm 1 hng vo gia cc hng 3 v 4 tnh % tin bn c ca tng qu so vi c nm. - Trong ct G tnh tin bn c v tin chi ph quy ra tin Vit theo t gi ghi cui bng ( G13) - V th : tin bn c ca cc qu s liu cc mc chi tin bn c v tng chi ca cc qu Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 71
Bi 2. Lp bng kt qu thi sau : A B C D E F G H I J 1 kt qu thi cui k - lp tin hc c s 2 TT Tn Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th Xp loi 3 1 Hng 30/01/78 Nam 4 7 5.5 8 Trung bnh 4 2 Bnh 21/08/74 N 7 7 7.0 5 Kh 5 3 Vn 12/11/70 N 8 9 8.5 3 Gii 6 4 Bnh 15/06/77 N 9 10 9.5 1 Xut sc 7 5 Doanh 05/12/76 Nam 5 8 6.5 7 Trung bnh 8 6 Loan 18/09/77 N 5 4 4.5 9 Km 9 7 Anh 23/04/68 Nam 9 6 7.5 4 Kh 10 8 Thu 01/05/73 N 3 5 4.0 10 Km 11 9 Bnh 26/02/71 Nam 6 8 7.0 5 Kh 12 10 Ngn 12/05/75 N 10 8 9.0 2 Gii 13 Cao nht 10 10 9.5 14 Trung bnh 6.6 7.2 6.9 15 Thp nht 3.0 4.0 4.5 - Khng g d liu cc ct A, D, H, I, J v cc hng 13, 14, 15 - nh s Th t - Tnh Tui : =YEAR(TODAY( ))-YEAR(C3) - Tnh im Trung bnh = AVERAGE(F3:G3) - Tnh cc gi tr cao nht (MAX), trung bnh (AVERAGE), thp nht (MIN) ca cc ct Tui, im Ton, Tin, Trung bnh - Xp th = RANK(H3,$H$3:$H$12) - Xp loi theo im trung bnh theo thang im sau :
Km 5 Trung bnh 7 Kh 8 Gii 9.5 Xut sc bng 2 cch : + dng hm IF = IF(H3>=9.5,"Xut sc",IF(H3>=8,"Gii",IF(H3>=7,"Kh", IF(H3>=5,"Trung bnh", "Km")))) + dng hm HLOOKUP hoc VLOOKUP (trang 37) - nh li th t xp th - Sp xp danh sch theo ABC ca Tn hc vin, nhng ngi trng tn xp ngi c im Trung bnh cao ln trn. - a ra 4 nhm danh sch xp loi (Gii, Kh, Trung bnh, Km) v s hc vin ca mi loi. Tnh xem mi loi chim bao nhiu phn trm ca tng s. Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 72
Bi 3. Lp bng lng sau, ch khng g s trong cc ct t F n K. A B C D E F G H I K 1 C quan X bng lng thng 12 - 1996 2 TT H v tn CV LCB NC PC CV Lng Thu nhp Tm ng Cn li 3 1 Ng. Vn Dng TP 1600 25 3500 40000 43500 20000 23500 4 2 Trn Mai Lan NV 1200 21 0 25200 25200 17000 8200 5 3 V T Nam PP 1400 24 3000 33600 36600 20000 16600 6 4 L nh Hng BV 1100 25 1000 27500 28500 19000 9500 7 5 Phm Vn Lc PG 1700 15 4000 25500 29500 20000 9500 8 6 Trn Tun Anh NV 1000 25 0 25000 25000 17000 8000 9 7 L Thng G 2000 25 5000 50000 55000 20000 35000 10 8 Nguyn Ba PP 1500 18 3000 27000 30000 20000 10000 11 9 Vn Xun BV 1000 17 1000 17000 18000 12000 6000 12 10 Trn Vn Hp TP 1700 20 3500 34000 37500 20000 17500 13 14 CV PCCV 15 G 5000 16 PG 4000 17 TP 3500 18 PP 3000 19 NV 0 20 BV 1000 Cng thc tnh nh sau : 1. Lng = Lng c bn (LCB) x S ngy cng (NC), ti G3 g: = D3*E3 2. Ph cp chc v (PCCV) ghi ti min F14:G20. tnh PCCV cho tng ngi, ta lm nh sau : - t tn cho min F15:G20 l BangPCCV - Ti F3 g : = VLOOKUP(C3, BangPCCV, 2, 0). V ct th nht ca Bng PCCV khng xp tng dn nn phi thm tham bin th t (s 0) cho hm. C th thay s 0 ny bng ch False Thu nhp = Ph cp chc v + Lng, ti H3 g cng thc: = F3 + G3. Cch tnh Tm ng nh sau : Mi ngi tm ng 2/3 s lng (lm trn n hng nghn), nu s tin tm ng tnh ra > 20000 th ly bng 20000 ti F3 g cng thc : =MIN(20000,ROUND(2/3*H3,-3)) 3. Cn li = Thu nhp - Tm ng, ti K3 g : I3-H3 4. Trong cu 2, thay hm VLOOKUP bng hm HLOOKUP.
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I. khi ng v mn hnh Excel............................................................ 1 1. Khi ng.............................................................................................. 1 2. Mn hnh................................................................................................ 1 3. Ra khi Excel ........................................................................................ 3 II. cc thao tc vi bng tnh............................................................... 4 1. Lu (ghi) bng tnh ln a.................................................................... 4 2. M bng tnh c trn a................................................................... 5 3. ng bng tnh...................................................................................... 5 4. Chn thm 1 bng tnh........................................................................... 5 5. Xo bt 1 bng tnh ............................................................................... 5 6. i tn bng tnh................................................................................... 5 7. Sao chp / Chuyn 1 bng tnh .............................................................. 5 8. Tch bng tnh....................................................................................... 6 9. n v hin li 1 bng tnh....................................................................... 6 10. Bo v bng tnh.................................................................................. 6 11. Chn nhiu bng tnh .......................................................................... 6 IIi. X l d liu trong bng tnh........................................................ 6 1. Cc kiu d liu..................................................................................... 6 2. Cc ton t trong cng thc................................................................... 8 3. Nhp d liu .......................................................................................... 8 4. Sa, xo d liu ................................................................................... 13 5. Cc thao tc vi khi ........................................................................... 13 6. X l , ct, hng trong bng tnh....................................................... 15 7. nh dng d liu................................................................................ 18 8. t tn cho ........................................................................................ 22 9. Ghi ch cho ...................................................................................... 24 10. Bo v ............................................................................................. 26 iV. hm trong Excel ................................................................................. 26 1. Quy tc s dng hm........................................................................... 26 2. Nhp hm vo bng tnh...................................................................... 27 3. Mt s hm thng dng..................................................................... 29 v. th ........................................................................................................... 38 1. Cc bc to th mi....................................................................... 38 2. Thit lp li th ............................................................................... 41 3. Chnh sa th................................................................................... 42 4. th kiu n chiu (Slideshow) ...................................................... 43 Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 74
vIi. kiu trnh by.......................................................................................45 1. To mt kiu trnh by mi ................................................................. 46 2. p dng mt kiu trnh by.................................................................. 46 vIii. Macros.....................................................................................................47 1. Ghi mt Macro mi ............................................................................. 47 2. Gn Macro cho thanh cng c............................................................. 48 3. Chy Macro ......................................................................................... 49 4. Xo Macro........................................................................................... 49 Ix. qun tr d liu.....................................................................................49 1. Khi nim c bn................................................................................. 49 2. Sp xp d liu..................................................................................... 49 3. Lc d liu........................................................................................... 50 4. Cc hm C s d liu (CSDL) ........................................................... 55 5. Tng kt theo nhm............................................................................. 57 X. trnh by trang.....................................................................................63 1. Chn c giy, hng in........................................................................ 63 2. t l ................................................................................................... 64 3. To tiu u / cui trang ................................................................. 64 4. Chn / xo du ngt trang.................................................................... 65 5. Lp li tiu ca bng tnh khi sang trang........................................ 66 6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh..................................................... 67 xi. in....................................................................................................................67 xII. lm vic vi nhiu bng tnh.......................................................68 xiii. trao i thng tin vi word ......................................................69 1. Chuyn cc kt qu ca Excel cho Word............................................ 69 2. Chuyn bng g bng Word cho Excel .......................................... 69 bi thc hnh ...............................................................................................70