HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

TRN TH HNG

MT S VN TRONG THIT K
TUYN CP QUANG BIN TRC BC-NAM
Chuyn ngnh: K thut vin thng
M s: 60.52.02.08

TM TT LUN VN THC S
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS V TUN LM

H NI 2013

1
M U
Thng tin quang c nhng bc pht trin nhy vt trong
vi thp k gn y v c nhng tc ng mnh m trong nhiu
mt ca k thut vin thng.
Hin nay mng truyn dn trc chnh t Bc vo Nam s
dng si quang trn ng dy in lc 500KV v trn tuyn cp
quang c lp t dc theo quc l 1A. Cc tuyn ng quc l
ang c xy mi v m rng trn phm vi c nc, cc chng
trnh xy dng quc l ny gy ra nhiu s c v cp cho cc
tuyn truyn dn trn t lin, lm gim tin cy ca vin thng
trn cc tuyn trc.
gii quyt vn nu trn, ng thi tng dung lng ca
mng truyn dn trc chnh, vic trin khai tuyn quang bin trc
Bc Nam s dng ghp knh theo bc sng mt cao DWDM l
la chn tt yu. V mt k thut, thit k mt h thng truyn
dn DWDM vi nhng yu cu khong cch kt ni xa, dung lng
ln, mt ghp cao cng ny sinh ra nhiu vn cn quan tm.
Do vy ti la chn ti Mt s vn trong thit k
tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam. Lun vn c trnh by
trong 3 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v h thng ghp knh quang theo
bc sng DWDM.
Chng 2: Cc vn cn quan tm trong thit k h thng
cp quang bin DWDM.
Chng 3: Thit k tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam
Do thi gian ngn, trnh nng lc ca bn thn c hn, ti
liu cha y nn chc chn bn lun vn ny khng trnh khi
nhng hn ch v sai st, ti rt mong c s gp ca cc Thy v
cc bn.
Qua y ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Thy gio TS. V Tun Lm tn tnh hng dn, to iu kin cho ti hon
thnh bn lun vn ny.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n!

2
Chng 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG
GHP KNH QUANG THEO BC SNG DWDM
1.1. Nguyn l ghp knh theo bc sng WDM
1.1.1. Nguyn l c bn
Truyn dn ghp knh quang phn chia theo bc sng
WDM (Wavelength Devision Multiplexing) l phng thc c th
ghp nhiu bc sng truyn trn mt si quang m khng cn
tng tc truyn dn trn mt bc sng. u pht, nhiu tn
hiu quang c bc sng khc nhau c ghp knh truyn i
trn mt si quang. u thu nhn c tn hiu t u pht thc
hin tch knh, khi phc tn hiu gc ri a vo cc u cui khc
nhau.
1.1.2. Cc phng php truyn dn s dng ghp knh quang
theo bc sng
1.1.2.1. Phng php truyn dn WDM n hng
H thng WDM n hng l tt c knh quang cng trn
mt si quang truyn dn theo cng mt chiu, u pht cc tn
hiu c bc sng quang khc nhau v c iu ch 1, 2 ,...., n
thng qua b ghp knh t hp li vi nhau v truyn dn mt chiu
trn mt si quang. V cc tn hiu c mang thng qua cc bc
sng khc nhau, do s khng ln ln. u thu, b tch knh
quang tch cc tn hiu c bc sng khc nhau, hon thnh truyn
dn tn hiu quang nhiu knh. chiu ngc li truyn dn qua mt
si quang khc, nguyn l ging nh trn.
1.1.2.2. Phng php truyn dn WDM song hng
H thng truyn dn WDM song hng l hng i, cc
knh quang tng ng vi cc bc sng 1, 2, ..., n qua b
ghp/tch knh c t hp li vi nhau truyn dn trn mt si.
Cng si quang , hng v cc bc sng n+1, n+2,..., 2n c
truyn dn theo chiu ngc li. Ni cch khc ta dng cc bc
sng tch ri thng tin hai chiu (song cng).
1.1.3. Phn loi WDM
Trc y, h thng WDM thng ghp ph bin 2, 4, 8, 12
v 16 bc sng v khong cch b gii hn di 100km. Ty theo
s lng ghp bc sng m ta phn WDM thnh hai loi l CWDM
v DWDM.

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1.1.3.1. Ghp knh theo bc sng mt tha CWDM
K thut ghp knh theo bc sng mt tha c th ghp
ti 18 bc sng khong cch 20nm (3.000 GHz). Khuyn ngh v
CWDM ca ITU-T G.694.2 a ra li phn b bc sng cho
khong cch ln ti 50km trn si quang n mt. Li phn b
bc sng ca CWDM c xc nh trong di t 1270nm n 1610
nm.
1.1.3.2. Ghp knh theo bc sng mt cao DWDM
K thut ghp knh theo bc sng mt cao c th ghp
ti hn 128 bc sng vi khong cch cc bc sng l 200, 100,
50 hoc 25GHz. DWDM dng cho cc h thng truyn dn khong
cch hng nghn km c khuch i v ti to tn hiu.
1.2.
Cc thnh phn ca h thng DWDM
u pht

u thu
Cp quang

BA

B tch/ghp
knh

LA

LA

PA

B tch/ghp
knh

Hnh 1.1: H thng ghp knh DWDM im - im

u pht tn hiu
Trong h thng WDM, ngun pht quang c dng l laser.
Yu cu i vi ngun pht laser l phi c rng ph hp, bc
sng pht ra n nh, mc cng sut pht nh, bc sng trung tm,
rng ph, rng chirp phi nm trong gii hn cho php.
1.2.2. B ghp/tch tn hiu quang
Ghp tn hiu WDM l s kt hp mt s ngun sng khc
nhau thnh mt lung tn hiu nh sng tng hp truyn dn qua
si quang.
1.2.1.

4
Tch tn hiu WDM l s phn chia lung nh sng tng hp
thnh cc tn hiu nh sng ring r ti mi cng u ra b tch.
Cc b ghp/tch tn hiu quang c chia ra lm hai loi
chnh theo cng ngh ch to l:
- Thit b WDM vi quang
- Thit b WDM ghp si.
loi th nht, vic tch/ghp tn hiu quang da trn c s
cc thnh phn vi quang. Cc thit b ny c thit k ch yu s
dng cho cc tuyn thng tin quang dng si a mode, chng c
nhng hn ch i vi si dn quang n mode. Loi th hai da vo
vic ghp gia cc trng lan truyn trong cc li si k nhau. K
thut ny ph hp vi cc tuyn s dng si n mode.
1.2.3. Si quang
Chc nng chnh ca si quang l dn sng quang (nh sng)
i xa vi mc suy hao nh nht. Sng nh sng c truyn i trong
si quang da trn nguyn l phn x ton phn bn trong si quang.
Si quang l mt si thy tinh gm hai lp (core v cladding) c
chit sut khc nhau. Hin nay s dng hai loi si chnh: si n
mode v si a mode. Si n mode c core nh hn v ch cho mt
mode nh sng i qua. Do , trung thc ca tn hiu tt hn
trong mt khong cch truyn dn ln v gim hn tn x mode. iu
ny lm cho si n mode c dung lng bng thng ln hn si a
mode. Do c kh nng truyn ti thng tin cc ln v suy hao thp,
nn si quang n mode c s dng ch yu trong h thng thng
tin ng di v dung lng ln k c DWDM.
Vic thit k si quang n mode c pht trin my
chc nm gn y. Hin nay ITU-T xy dng ch tiu cho ba loi
si quang n mode sau:
+ Si khng dch chuyn tn sc (NDSF: Non- Dispersion
Shifted Fiber): chun NDSF c ITU-T a ra trong G.652 (hay
cn gi l si n mode chun).
+ Si chuyn dch tn sc (DSF: Dispersion Shifted Fiber):
chun DSF c ITU-T a ra trong khuyn ngh G.653. y,
im tn sc bng 0 c dch chuyn n ca s c bc sng 1550
nm (bng C). ca s ny, si quang c suy hao thp hn nhiu v
ph hp vi tn s lm vic ca b khuch i quang si EDFA. Tuy
nhin, do nh hng ca hiu ng phi tuyn gn im dch chuyn 0
nn loi si ny khng ph hp s dng cho DWDM.

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+ Si dch chuyn tn sc khc 0 (NZ-DSF: Non-Zero
Dispersion-Shifted Fiber): chun ca si NZ-DSF c ITU-T
khuyn ngh trong G.655, loi ny c mc tn sc thp vng 1550
nm, nhng khng v khng (NZ) nn c th khc phc cc hiu ng
phi tuyn nh hiu ng trn bn bc sng (FWM). Do loi si
ny c s dng cho DWDM.
1.2.4. B khuch i tn hiu
Khuch i tn hiu gm c 3 loi 1R, 2R v 3R.
1R: Ch thc hin khuch i
2R: Khuch i v phc hi li dng
3R: Khuch i, phc hi li dng v nh thi li tn hiu.
B khuch i quang si EDFA c s dng rng ri trong
cc h thng truyn dn DWDM. EDFA hot ng ca s sng
1500nm, kh nng khuch i ng thi nhiu bc sng ca EDFA
ng vai tr quan trng trong s pht trin ca DWDM. Khuch
i quang bao gm ba loi sau:
B khuch i cng sut (BA): B ny thng c t ngay
sau ngun pht quang, c chc nng khuch i cng sut quang ln
mt mc cao hn. Trong h thng DWDM, BA thng c dng
khuch i tn hiu sau b ghp knh trc khi truyn trn si. BA c
th tch hp vi b ghp knh hoc c th tch knh.
B tin khuch i (PA): B ny thng c t trc my
thu. N c thit k c chc nng khuch i vi h s khuch
i cao v mc nhiu thp. PA c th c tch hp vi b tch knh
hoc c th tch knh.
B khuch i ng truyn (LA): B ny thng s dng
trn tuyn c chc nng khuch i cc tn hiu b suy gim trn
ng truyn. N thng c thit k trn c s cc b BA v PA.
1.2.5. u thu tn hiu:
Thu tn hiu trong cc h thng WDM cng s dng cc b
tch sng quang nh trong h thng thng tin quang thng thng:
PIN, APD.
1.3.
Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ca h thng
DWDM
C 3 yu t c bn nh hng n cht lng ca cc h
thng thng tin quang DWDM, bao gm:
- Suy hao
- Tn sc

6
- Hin tng phi tuyn xy ra trong si quang.
Tuy nhin, i vi cc h thng khc nhau th mc nh
hng ca cc yu t ny cng khc nhau. V d:
- i vi cc h thng c ly ngn, dung lng thp th yu
t ch yu cn quan tm l suy hao.
- i vi cc h thng tc cao, c ly tng i ln th
yu t ch yu cn quan tm l suy hao v tn sc.
- i vi cc h thng c ly di v dung lng rt ln th
ngoi 2 yu t trn cn phi xem xt n c cc hiu ng phi tuyn.
Cc hiu ng phi tuyn c th gy ra nhng gii hn ng k cho cc
h thng hot ng tc cao.

CHNG 2: CC VN CN QUAN TM TRONG

THIT K H THNG CP QUANG BIN DWDM
2.1. Ch tiu k thut ca h thng cp quang bin
2.1.1. Cc ch tiu k thut ca tuyn truyn dn s DLS
- DLS ca h thng cp quang bin s ph hp vi cc
khuyn ngh ITU-T. Theo , c tnh ca tn hiu s ti giao din
vi tuyn trn t lin (Terrestrial Interface TI) phi tun th cc
chun ITU-T G.707 v G.957.
- Ch tiu cht lng li ca h thng cp quang bin s phi
tun th chun ITU-T G.826 v tui th ca h thng, v cc tham s
li nh s giy (s) li nghim trng (SES), s giy li (ES).
- V kh dng ca h thng ti TI: tun th theo ITU-T
G.826. kh dng ca h thng r rng ph thuc vo cc loi giao
din TI khc nhau, do khng kh dng ca h thng cn c
tnh theo kh dng ca TI trong cng mt thi gian. Ch tiu v
kh dng p dng cho thi gian khng kh dng gy ra bi cc thit
b thnh phn h thng, bao gm cc hot ng chuyn mch, hng
hc thit b, cc cng vic bo dng v gim st dn n gin on
10 giy hoc ln hn. N khng bao gm nhng h hng gy ra bi
cc nguyn nhn bn ngoi nh: nh c, neo tu lm mt ngun cp
TTE v nhng khong thi gian ngt ngun h thng sa cha.
- Ch tiu v Jitter ca h thng cp quang bin tun th ITUT G.957.

7
- Ch tiu cht lng tng cng End-to-end ca DLS s bng
ch tiu phn b theo km vi chiu di ca DLS. Khi cn n nh s
suy gim cht lng tt nhng phn khc nhau ca DLS, mt lng
tng ng vi mt gi tr c nh (thng l 125 km) s c phn
b cho mi thit b u cui v phn di bin s c phn b trn
c s km mt lng tng ng vi s khc nhau gia ch tiu
DLS v phn b thit b u cui.
- i vi mi hng hc, bo dng, gim st i vi mi
DLS s phi khng nh hng n ch tiu cht lng nh ca
DLS khc trong h thng. c bit i vi h thng WDM yu cu
h hng n mt na s knh quang (Line Optical Channel LOC)
s khng nh hng n cc knh cn li.
2.1.2. Cc ch tiu v qu cng sut quang
Bng qu cng sut din t cch t c cht lng h
thng v ch tiu li. Trong h thng cp quang bin, vic ti to li
tn hiu ch thc hin thit b TTE ca trm u cui mc giao
din u ra quang in (O-E) cp bin. Gia , cc knh s b suy
gim cht lng do tp m tch ly, tn sc, mo phi tuyn... Do ,
cn phi tnh ton qu cng sut mc DLS phn cp bin (SDLS).
Khi tnh qu cng sut, nu h thng c nhiu SDLS th tnh cho
tng SDLS. i vi mi SDLS, cn phi tnh qu cng sut cho hai
trng hp l bt u i sng (Begin of life - BOL) v kt thc
i sng (End of life - EOF). C th nh sau:
- Qu cng sut BOL th hin phm cht ca SDLS khi h
thng c a vo khai thc v l tiu ch o th. Qu cng sut
ny bao gm c d phng m bo tng thch vi iu kin
EOL.
- Qu cng sut EOL th hin phm cht h thng ti lc kt
thc tui th ca h thng v n bao gm s suy gim do lo ha v
hng linh kin, cp v mc d phng cho sa cha.
Khi tnh ton qu cng sut, cn cung cp y thng tin
v gi tr cng sut ra ca b lp, gi tr h s tp m danh nh, gi
tr bng thng quang v im pha thu. Tt nhin, cng phi tnh
n c cc phn t c kh nng ci thin cht lng truyn dn trong
thit b trm cp cng nh b lc, b tn sc, lc cn bng
2.1.3. tin cy ca h thng
tin cy ca phn di bin ca h thng cp quang bin
c c trng:

8
- S ln sa cha cn s dng tu cp do hng thit b trong
tui th thit k ca h thng: thng thng yu cu tin cy h
thng l nh hn 3 ln h hng.
- Tui th thit k ca h thng: l qung thi gian m h
thng cp quang bin c thit k khai thc tun th cc ch tiu
cht lng ca n. Thng thng tui th thit k ca h thng l 25
nm k t khi nghim thu h thng, tc l sau khi lp t v o th
nghim h thng p ng ch tiu cht lng.
2.2. Cc vn cn xem xt khi thit k h thng DWDM
Bt c mt cng ngh no cng tn ti nhng gii hn v
nhng vn k thut. Khi trin khai cng ngh DWDM vo mng
thng tin quang, cn phi lu mt s vn sau:
- S knh c s dng v khong cch gia cc knh
- Vn n nh bc sng ca ngun quang
- Vn xuyn nhiu gia cc knh
- Vn tn sc, b tn sc
- Qu cng sut ca h thng
- nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn
- EDFA v mt s vn khi s dng EDFA trong mng
WDM.
2.2.1. S knh s dng v khong cch gia cc knh
Mt trong cc yu t quan trng cn phi xem xt l h thng
s dng bao nhiu knh v s knh cc i c th s dng l bao
nhiu. S knh cc i ca h thng ph thuc vo:
a) Kh nng cng ngh hin c i vi cc thnh phn
quang ca h thng, c th l:
- Bng tn ca si quang
- Kh nng tch/ghp ca cc thit b WDM
b) Khong cch gia cc knh, mt s yu t nh hng n
khong cch ny l:
- Tc truyn dn ca tng knh
- Qu cng sut quang
- nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn
- rng ph ca ngun pht
- Kh nng tch/ghp ca cc thit b WDM
Trong mt h thng WDM s lng bc sng khng th
qu nhiu, bi v iu khin v gim st i vi cc bc sng ny l
mt vn phc tp, c th quy nh tr s ln nht i vi s lng

9
bc sng ca h thng t gc kinh t v cng ngh. Tt c cc
bc sng u phi nm phn tng i bng phng trn ng
cong tng ch ca b khuch i quang, cho h s tng ch ca cc
knh khi i qua b khuch i quang l gn nh nhau, iu ny tin
li cho thit k h thng. i vi b khuch i si quang pha trn
Erbium, phn tng i bng phng ca ng cong tng ch l t
1540 nm n 1560 nm.
2.2.2. Vn n nh bc sng ca ngun quang v yu cu
rng ca ngun pht
2.2.2.1. n nh bc sng ca ngun quang
Trong h thng WDM, phi quy nh v iu chnh chnh
xc bc sng ca ngun quang, nu khng, s tri bc sng do cc
nguyn nhn s lm cho h thng khng n nh hay km tin cy.
Hin nay ch yu dng hai phng php iu khin ngun quang:
th nht l phng php iu khin phn hi thng qua nhit chip
ca b kch quang iu khin gim st mch in iu nhit vi
mc ch iu khin bc sng v n nh bc sng; th hai l
phng php iu khin phn hi thng qua vic gim st bc sng
tn hiu quang u ra, da vo s chnh lnh tr s gia in p u
ra v in p tham kho tiu chun iu khin nhit ca b
kch quang, hnh thnh kt cu khp kn cht vo bc sng trung
tm.
2.2.2.2. Yu cu rng ca ngun pht
Vic chn rng ph ca ngun pht nhm m bo cho
cc knh hot ng mt cch c lp vi nhau hay ni cch khc l
trnh hin tng chng ph pha thu gia cc knh ln cn.
2.2.3. Tn sc
Tn sc mu gy ra mo tn hiu v lm gim cht lng h
thng. V th b tn sc l thng s quyt nh n nh hng ca
cc hiu ng phi tuyn, kim sot tn sc c vai tr quan trng trong
vic khc phc hiu ng phi tuyn ca h thng.
i vi nhng h thng c tc bit thp ( 2,5Gb/s) th
nh hng ca tn sc mode phn cc l khng ng k nhng i
vi h thng thng tin quang tc bt cao (10 Gbit/s) v c ly xa
s b nh hng rt ln do PMD; tc ng ca PMD lm suy gim
bin , mo dng tn hiu, tng nhiu h thng v nhiu pht x t
pht c khuch i ASE. Kt qu l lm gim SNR v dn n
gim cht lng truyn dn BER.

10
Vic thit k cu hnh tuyn truyn dn mi hoc nng cp
tuyn thng tin s dng si quang c h s tn sc mode phn cc
nh (0,1 ps/km1/2) tng c ly truyn dn mt gii php tt l khc
phc nh hng ca tn sc mode phn cc.
2.2.4. Kim sot qu cng sut v OSNR ca h thng
2.2.4.1. Cc bc phn tch, ti u theo cch tip cn qu cng
sut v OSNR
Bc phn tch v ti u h thng l bc quan trng, c th
tin hnh theo cc bc sau y:
+ Xc nh cc thng s thit k u vo: di on ghp
knh, di khong lp khuch i quang, dung lng knh, s
lng knh. S liu ca bc ny thng c rt ra t iu kin a
l, d bo nh cu pht trin cc dch v vin thng lin quan.
+ Xc nh d tr thit k: d tr ny phc v cho h
thng hot ng n cui thi k s dng vn m bo c BER
yu cu ca h thng. Thng d tr ny b cho s gi ha ca
cc phn t trong h thng trong qu trnh khai thc, cho s khng
hon ho ca thit b, b cho nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn.
+ Xc nh cng sut quang nh nht trn mt knh, xem xt
li khong lp. Cng sut trn knh nh nht m bo c yu
cu v qu cng sut, cng nh yu cu mc ngng cng sut trn
mt knh khng vt qu trnh cc hiu ng phi tuyn xy ra trn
si quang. Nu cng sut khng ph hp (ln qu hoc nh qu) th
cn phi iu chnh li khong lp cho thch hp.
2.2.4.2. Tnh ton cc thng s
Vic thit k h thng truyn dn quang d nhn nhn t gc
no th cng cn phi m bo h thng hot ng c tha mn
yu cu v cht lng ra. Thng s quan trng mang tnh quyt
nh ca h thng l t l li bit (BER).
BER c mi quan h vi Q thng qua biu thc sau:
BER =

1
Q 2

Q2

exp

Tnh ton Q t OSNR

T s tn hiu trn nhiu quang (OSNR) c th s dng
tnh gi tr Q i vi cc bit thu c.

11

Bo
Be

QdB=OSNRdB+10log

Xc nh OSNR
OSNR =

Pout
NF .LAmpSpan .hv.Bm .N

Phng trnh biu din OSNR theo cng sut c th biu

din li theo n v dB (cng sut theo dBm), thun tin cho vic
s dng. i vi h thng 1550nm, hv=-158,93dBm/Hz. Phng
trnh trn tr thnh:
OSNRdB 158,93+Pout(dBm)-LAmpSpanNFdB10log(NBm)
2.2.4.3. Qu cng sut v d tr ca h thng
Mc ch ca qu cng sut quang l m bo cng sut
n u thu mc cho php, xc nh phn b cng sut dc trn
ng truyn v d tr cho ton h thng duy tr c nhng
thng s k thut ca h thng trong sut qu trnh hot ng. Cng
sut trung bnh nh nht n my thu chnh l nhy ca my thu
Pre. Cng sut pht Ptr l cng sut pht trn tng knh ca h thng.
Qu cng sut c tnh theo n v dB, cng sut quang biu din
theo n v dBm. Hiu ca cng sut pht v cng sut thu (Ptr-Pre)
cho ta qu cng sut trn tng khong lp ca h thng.
Mi quan h gia u pht, u thu, phn b suy hao trn
tuyn, d tr c th biu din theo cng thc sau:
Ptr Pre + A + M
Trong :
Ptr: Cng sut pht ca u pht (dBm)
Pre: nhy thu ca u thu (dBm)
A: Tng suy hao trn tuyn (dB)
M: d tr trn tuyn (dB)

12
CHNG 3: THIT K TUYN CP QUANG BIN
TRC BC NAM
3.1.1. Hin trng cc h thng thng tin quang ca VNPT
3.1.2. Hin trng tuyn trc Bc Nam
- Gm 2 h thng 120Gb/s v 240Gb/s, s dng cu hnh a
Ring.
- H thng 120Gb/s ht kh nng m rng dung lng;
H thng 240Gb/s c th m rng ti a n 1,28Tb/s.
3.1.3. Hin trng mng truyn dn pha Bc
- H thng DWDM Huawei pha Bc a vo s dng t
2008, dung lng ban u 300Gb/s; cui 2010 m rng ln 380Gb/s.
- H thng DWDM Ericsson khu vc ng Bc dung lng
320Gb/s, hin c a vo s dng.
- Nhu cu dung lng n cui 2013: Cn m rng thm
1,1Tb/s.
3.1.4. Hin trng mng truyn dn pha Nam
- H thng DWDM Fujitsu a vo s dng t 2009. Dung
lng ban u l 271Gb/s. Cui 2010 tng ln 600Gb/s (M rng
323Gb/s).
- Nhu cu dung lng n cui 2013: Cn m rng thm
750Gb/s.
3.1.5. Hin trng cc ring trung k
- Cc Metro Link DWDM ti H Ni (630Gb/s), Nng
(500Gb/s), Tp. HCM (640Gb/s), Cn Th (150Gb/s) a vo khai
thc na cui nm 2010.
- Nhu cu dung lng trung k khng tng thm do gim nhu
cu kt ni vi VDC, tng trung k hng VNP, VMS.
3.2. La chn tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam
3.2.1. La chn cu hnh hoa cung (Festoon) hay r nhnh
Vic xy dng h thng cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam c
th xy dng da trn hai dng cu hnh chnh: (a) cu hnh hoa
cung, (b) cu hnh r nhnh. Khi nim v cu hnh hoa cung v cu
hnh r nhnh xem hnh 3.1

13

a) Cu hnh hoa cung

b) Cu hnh r nhnh
Hnh 3.1: Cu hnh cp quang bin
Cu hnh hoa cung c la chn v cc l do sau:
- Tnh mm do trong m rng dung lng
H thng cp khng trm r nhnh (BU) c tnh mm do
trong vic m rng dung lng truyn dn.
- tin cy:
Tuyn cp khng c BU c th d dng chn di bin
su trnh nhng hot ng nh bt c vi phng php lp t
truyn thng.
- Xy dng:
Cu hnh n gin hn so vi BU; Cu hnh BU yu cu c
thi gian xy dng cht ch.
- Vn hnh v bo dng:
a s cc thit b tch cc c s dng trn t lin do
d dng bo dng. Vic bo dng hng ngy tr nn d dng hn,
do thit b cp ngun khng cn thit.

14
- Qun l:
Chng loi thit b t hn bao gm c phn d phng, vic
qun l t hn.
3.2.2. La chn trm cp b
Cc trm cp b cp bin i qua khu vc 7 tnh/thnh ph
ln dc theo b bin t Hi Phng n Sc Trng, phn ln cc im
u d dng kt ni c vi cc nt chuyn mch v vi tuyn
ng trc hin c dc theo quc l 1A. Trong s cc trm trn c
hai trm cp b cp quc t s dng chung Vng Tu (trm cp b
TVH) v Nng (trm cp b SEA-ME-WE-3).
11 im cp b tri di t Hi Phng ti Sc Trng l:
Sn - Hi Phng, Sm Sn - Thanh Ha, Ca L - Ngh An, Ca
Vit - Qung Tr, Nng, Sn Tnh - Qung Ngi, Qui Nhn Bnh nh, Nha Trang - Khnh Ha, Phan Thit - Bnh Thun, Vng
Tu v Vnh Chu - Sc Trng.

15

Hnh 3.2: S tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc Nam

16
Bng 3.1: c im chung ca tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam
TT
Trm Chiu
su
c im
Trm
di
(m)
tuyn
(km)
1 Sn - 159.919
0m to 29m y bin tng i bng
Sm Sn
phng v khng c g c
bit
2 Sm Sn - 126.743
0m to 27m Nh trn
Ca L
3 Ca L - 272.311
0m to 51m y bin tng i bng
Ca Vit
phng v khng c g c
bit, thnh thong c ch
lm nng v tri rng
4 Ca Vit - 182.971
0m to 45m y bin tng i bng
Nng
phng v khng c g c
bit
5 Nng - 190.740 0m to 117m y bin tng i bng
Sn Tnh
phng v khng c g c
bit, thnh thong c ch
nng tri rng
6 Sn Tnh - 204.801 0m to 150m y bin tng i bng
Qui Nhn
phng v khng c g c
bit
7 Qui Nhn - 201.954 0m to 150m Nh trn
Nha Trang
8 Nha Trang 265.844
0m to 98m Nh trn
Phan
Thit
9 Phan Thit 178.229
0m to 33m Nh trn
- Vng Tu
10 Vng Tu - 240.869
0m to 27m y bin tng i bng
Vnh Chu
phng v khng c g c
bit, thnh thong c ch
nng tri rng

17
3.2.3. La chn cp quang bin
3.2.3.1.
Ch tiu v cp quang bin
c tnh c kh ca cp quang bin c qui nh trong
khuyn ngh G972 ca ITU-T. Cc c tnh ny rt quan trng trong
vic lp t v sa cha tuyn cp.
a) Cc ch tiu truyn dn
Cc ch tiu ca si trc khi bc cp phi tun theo mt
trong cc khuyn ngh G.652 hoc G.655.
Cc c tnh truyn dn ca si phi nm trong mt gii hn
xc nh so vi si trc khi bc. C th l khi thit k, ni cp v
ni si phi m bo mc suy hao do si b un cong mc thp
nht. Suy hao v tn sc phi gi c mc n nh trong sut
thi gian khai thc.
b) Cc ch tiu v c hc
C th s dng mt trong hai cu trc sau bo v si:
- Bc cht: trong si c gi cht trong cp. Trong cu
trc ny dn ca cp khng c vt qu dn c th ca si.
- Bc lng: trong cu trc ny dn ca cp phi m bo
sao cho si khng b gin.
Cp phi bo v si khng b thm nc, ngm m v chu
p sut bn ngoi v chng c vic ngm theo chiu dc cp khi
cp b gy hoc t.
Cp v cc hp ni, cp hp r phi d dng ly ln c t
trn tu trong khi lp t v sa cha.
3.2.3.2. La chn chng loi cp quang bin
T cc phn tch ni trn trong phm vi thit k tuyn cp
quang bin trc Bc - Nam xut s dng hai loi chnh l cp bc
thp mt lp SA (Single Armored) v cp bc thp hai lp DA
(Double Armored).
- Cp bc thp hai lp DA c s dng vng nc bin
c su 10m;
- Cp bc thp mt lp SA c s dng vng nc c
su 10m.

18
Cu trc cp quang bin SA v DA c m t trong hnh
3.3 di y:

a)

Cp quang bin loi SA

b)
Cp quang bin loi DA
Hnh 3.3: Cu trc cp quang bin SA v DA
Qua kho st thc t v nhng phn tch ni trn, vic la
chn loi cp quang bin dc trc Bc - Nam theo tng tuyn nh
trong bng 3.2 di y:
Bng 3.2: La chn chng loi cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam
TT
Trm Chiu
Chiu di cp quang bin (km)
Tng
Trm
di cp
chiu di
Cp DA
Cp SA
Chiu
trn b,
cp trn
di cp
cp
b v cp
bin
LWP
bin
(km)
(km)
1 Sn 0,743
17,871 143,288
161,16
161,90
Sm Sn
2 Sm Sn 1,143
12,611 114,811
127,42
128,57
Ca L
3 Ca L 0,708
15,292 258,344
273,64
274,34
Ca Vit

TT

Trm Trm

Ca Vit Nng
Nng Sn Tnh
Sn Tnh Qui Nhn
Qui Nhn Nha Trang
Nha Trang
- Phan
Thit
Phan Thit
- Vng
Tu
Vng Tu
- Vnh
Chu
Tng cng

5
6
7
8

10

Chiu
di cp
trn b,
cp
LWP
(km)
0,372

19
Chiu di cp quang bin (km)
Cp DA
Cp SA
Chiu
di cp
bin

5,472

178,808

Tng
chiu di
cp trn
b v cp
bin
(km)
184,28
184,65

0,372

5,067

187,017

192,08

192,46

0,984

15,541

190,653

206,19

207,18

1,567

71,067

131,921

202,99

204,56

0,583

57,048

211,173

268,22

268,80

1,267

29,124

150,295

179,42

180,69

2,573

22,795

221,137

243,93

246,51

251,888 1787,447 2.039,34

2.049,65

10,312

Qui trnh lp t v ri cp
Tuyn cp quang bin t b nh hng bi thin tai cng nh
cc h hng do cc hot ng xy dng c s h tng hn tuyn cp
trn b. Tuyn cp quang bin phi c xy dng trong cc khu vc
nc nng, y bin tng i bng phng.
bo v cp chng li nhng tc ng c th nh thit b
nh c, m neo tu, tuyn cp cn phi c chn dc theo ton b
tuyn khi cp ri trong vng nc nng. su chn cp cn thit
phi c xc nh vi vic xem xt n cc vn lin quan gia
cht liu y bin v su cc thit b ca tu thu hoc m neo
tu.
Cn phi tin hnh kho st tuyn trc khi ri cp la
chn cch nh tuyn v cc bin php bo v cp thch hp. Kho
3.2.3.3.

20
st tuyn bao gm nghin cu su ca bin, nhit y bin v
s thay i theo ma, nghin cu hnh thi hc v bn cht a cht
ca y bin, v tr cp v ng b cp hin c, cc hot ng thm d
khai thc du kh khong sn, nh bt c, cc hot ng ng t,
lut v bin, cc vng hi phn ca tng nc.
3.3. La chn dung lng truyn dn trn knh, s lng knh,
la chn bc sng cng tc
3.3.1. La chn dung lng h thng
Nhu cu lu lng ca mng trc quc gia gia tng ng k
trong nhng nm qua do s pht trin rt nhanh ca cc dch v bng
rng.
- Hai h thng trc Bc Nam trn cp t hin c tng dung
lng l 360Gb/s khng p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng, do
vy h thng cp quang bin cn c trang b dung lng 320Gb/s,
tng ng vi 32 bc sng 10Gb/s ngay t giai on u h
tr cho cc h thng trc trn t lin. C th nh sau:
+ H Ni - H Ch Minh: 160Gb/s tng ng vi 16
bc sng 10Gb/s;
+ H Ni - Nng - H Ch Minh: 80Gb/s tng ng
vi 8 bc sng 10Gb/s;
+ Cc trm Vinh, Quy Nhn: 40Gb/s tng ng vi 4
bc sng 10Gb/s;
+ TP. H Ch Minh - Cn Th: 160Gb/s tng ng vi
16 bc sng 10Gb/s.
- Vic m rng dung lng h thng cp quang bin cc
nm tip theo s c trin khai trn i si quang s dng v cc
i si quang khc; dng bc sng 40Gb/s hoc 100Gb/s.
3.3.2. La chn bc sng cng tc, khong cch knh
H thng hot ng ca s bc sng 1550nm, ph hp
vi di bc sng lm vic ca b khuch i quang si EDFA.
Bc sng cng tc ca cc knh trn h thng tun th theo tiu
chun G.692.
3.4. Tnh ton, phn tch la chn cu hnh h thng
3.4.1. Qu cng sut h thng
Trn c s cc ni dung tnh ton kim tra qu cng sut v
OSNR nu trong phn 2.2.4, phn ny chng ta tin hnh c th cc
bc cho h thng cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam.
- Cc thng s u vo nh xc nh trong cc phn trn:

21
H thng gm 32 knh, tc trn mi knh 10Gb/s, di
cc on truyn dn chnh l di cc hoa cung nu trong phn
3.2.3.
- Xc nh cng sut pht trn knh, khong lp ca cc on
truyn dn:
Vi tc 10Gb/s i vi 1 knh th yu cu BER tng ng
l 10-12.
Gi thit rng bng quang Bo= 12,5 GHz, rng bng
in Be= 7,5 GHz, Q = 17dB. Thay cc gi tr ca Q, Bo v Be vo
phng trnh trn tnh OSNRmin ta c:
(

Chiu di ln nht ca tuyn c xc nh nh sau:

Ps Pr Pp Ac Mc
Af As
Trong :
Ps: Cng sut u pht (-4dBm)
Pr: nhy thu (-38dBm)
Pp: D tr trn tuyn (1dB)
Ac: Suy hao ODF (1dB)
Mc: Tng suy hao trn tuyn bao gm d tr h thng, d tr
bo tr, v d tr tui th h thng (6dB)
Af: Suy hao cp quang (C band 0,25dB/km)
As: Suy hao mi hn (0,05dB/km)
Thay vo cng thc trn ta tnh c Lmax = 87km. Do vy
vi cc tuyn c c ly di hn cn phi s dng cc b khuch i
quang LA hoc PA.
3.4.2. Tn sc h thng
Cu trc ca tuyn truyn dn quang c gi nh l truyn
dn thng thng c lp t khai thc trn thc t vi cc c
im h thng chung nh sau:
- Tuyn truyn dn bao gm thit b pha pht, pha thu v
cc thit b EDFA. Cc thit b EDFA c th t lm thit b khuch
i cng sut (BA), khuch i ng truyn (LA) v tin khuch i
(PA). Tuyn c hnh thnh t cc chng gia mi chng bao gm
L

22
cp si quang cho c ly chng, si b tn sc DCF cho chng
v b khuch i quang si EDFA.
- Si quang truyn dn l loi n mode thng dng G.652
theo khuyn ngh ca ITU-T, c gi tr tn sc t 15 - 17 ps/nm.km
v gi tr ca tham s PMD l 0,5 ps/km1/2. Si DCF di c
dng b tn sc CD nhm cn bng gi tr tn sc tch ly ca
tng chng v c h s tn sc PMD l 0,1 ps/km1/2.
- V c tnh truyn dn nh sau: thit b quang s pht tn
hiu iu bin cng t mt Laser LD hot ng vng bc
sng 1550 nm vi cng sut pht l Pt. Tn hiu dng xung c lan
truyn thng qua si quang sut dc tuyn; n s b mo v gin
xung do tn sc, b suy hao do si, c khuch i ti cc b khuch
i quang EDFA v chu tc ng t cc thnh phn nhiu, tng tc
vi tn sc PMD. Nh vy, phi tnh n vic b tn sc do PMD
gy ra. Suy gim t l tn hiu trn nhiu (SNR) ca tuyn do nh
hng ca suy hao ph thuc phn cc PDL (c ch ra trong nhiu
tn hiu), rng nhiu tng s c cng thm nhiu phn cc ng v
nhiu phn cc ngang. Thng thng suy hao ph thuc phn cc
c b bng chnh khuch i phn cc ca b khuch i .
Nh vy, trong bi ton ny, ta cng t gi thit dng tn
hiu pha pht l c dng xung Gauss v s dng m NRZ v pha
thu mch quyt nh ly gn ng theo xung Gauss. Cht lng
truyn dn c xc nh thng qua vic tnh t s li BER = 10-12
cho nhy thu ca thit b thu quang v xc sut gin on ca h
thng l 10-5.
Trong h thng thng tin quang gm c si quang v cc
phn t quang c xc nh v thay i ngu nhin th c th c
tnh nh sau:

Trong :
- PMDtot l gi tr PMD cc i ca h thng (ps);
- PMDQ l h s PMD ca si quang (ps/km1/2) = 0,05
1/2
ps/km .
- Lt l di tuyn (km);
- PMDci l gi tr PMD thay i ngu nhin ca phn t
quang th i(ps);

23
- PMDdj l gi tr c nh ca phn t quang th j (ps)
i vi h thng thng tin quang tc cao, hu ht cc
phn t quang u chu tc ng ca phn cc mode, do n
gin ha vic tnh ton tng PMDtot ca h thng ngi ta c th ly
xp x PMDtot bng hai ln tn sc PMD ca si quang, ngha l:
Cu hnh tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam
Da trn cc phn tch ni trn, cu hnh ca mi tuyn cp
quang bin dc trc Bc - Nam nh trong cc hnh v di y:
3.4.3.

Xkm

Ykm

Hnh 3.4: Cu hnh tuyn cp quang bin in hnh

3.4.4. Cu hnh h thng cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam dung
lng 320 Gb/s
Cu hnh mng cp quang bin trc Bc - Nam dung lng
320Gb/s bao gm:
- Tuyn t H Ni - TP. H Ch Minh: dung lng 160Gb/s
- Tuyn t H Ni - Nng, Nng - TP. H Ch Minh:
dung lng 80Gb/s.
- Tuyn t H Ni - Cn Th: dung lng 160Gb/s.
Cc im Vinh, Qui Nhn, Ca Vit, Sn Tnh, Phan Thit
c cu hnh xen/r 40Gb/s. Di y l s cu hnh mng cp
quang bin trc Bc Nam:

24

Hnh 3.5: Cu hnh Ring A

Hnh 3.6: Cu hnh Ring B

Hnh 3.7: Cu hnh Ring C

25

KT LUN
Lun vn trnh by tng quan v h thng cp quang bin,
cc vn cn quan tm trong thit k tuyn cp quang bin, t
xy dng bi ton thit k tuyn cp quang bin trc Bc Nam.
Tuy nhin, y vn ch l phng php thit k cho on
mng truyn dn c bn trn mng. Vi h thng thc t, mng
truyn dn c th xy dng phc tp hn v c xu hng tin ti
mng ton quang, do vy cn phi c phng php thit k mi p
ng c s pht trin ca mng nu trn.