Cifuentes Jara Et Al 2013 Inventory of Volume and Biomass Tree Allometric Equations-Libre

UN-REDD
P R O G R A M M E
U NE P
Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.
Inventory of Volume and

Biomass Tree Allometric
Equations for Central and
South America
UN-REDD PROGRAMME
March 1, 2013
Turrialba, Costa Rica
UN-REDD Programme
MRV Report 13
2014
TheUNREDDProgramme,implementedbyFAO, UNDPandUNEP,hastwocomponents:(i)assistingdevelopingcountriesprepareand
implement national REDD strategies and mechanisms; (ii) supporting the development of normative solutions and standardized
approachesbasedonsoundscienceforaREDDinstrumentlinkedwiththeUNFCCC.Theprogrammehelpsempowercountriestomanage
theirREDDprocessesandwillfacilitateaccesstofinancialandtechnicalassistancetailoredtothespecificneedsofthecountries.
The application of UNDP, UNEP and FAO rightsbased and participatory approaches will also help ensure the rights of indigenous and
forestdwellingpeopleareprotectedandtheactiveinvolvementoflocalcommunitiesandrelevantstakeholdersandinstitutionsinthe
designandimplementationofREDDplans.
The programme is implemented through the UN Joint Programmes modalities, enabling rapid initiation of programme implementation
andchannelingoffundsforREDDefforts,buildingontheincountrypresenceofUNagenciesasacrucialsupportstructureforcountries.
The UNREDD Programme encourage coordinated and collaborative UN support to countries, thus maximizing efficiencies and
effectivenessoftheorganizationscollectiveinput,consistentwiththeOneUNapproachadvocatedbyUNmembers.
Contacts:
MiguelCifuentesJara
CATIE,Turrialba,CostaRica
Email:mcifuentes@catie.ac.cr
MatieuHenry
UNREDDProgramme
Food&AgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)
Email:Matieu.Henry@fao.org
Recommendedcitation:
Cifuentes Jara, M., Morales, D., Henry, M. 2013. Inventory of Volume and Biomass Tree Allometric Equations for Central and South
America.UNREDDMRVreport11,CATIE,Turialba,CostaRica,Food&AgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,Rome,Italy.
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatus
ofanycountry,territory,city orareaor ofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.The mentionof
specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been
endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this
informationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO.
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated,
material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in noncommercial
products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAOs
endorsementofusersviews,productsorservicesisnotimpliedinanyway.
Theconclusionsgiveninthisinformationproductareconsideredappropriateatthetimeofitspreparation.Theymaybemodifiedinthe
lightoffurtherknowledgegainedatsubsequentstagesoftheproject.
Photocredit:
MiguelCifuentes.BiomassharvestinaGmelinaarboreaplantationinColombia.
Ackowledgement
TheauthorswouldliketoacknowledgethecontributionsofEyleenAngulo,fromIICA/CATIEsOrton
LibraryforfacilitatingdocumentsearchesandbuildingtheEndNotereferencelibraryforthisproject.
AlmaLizVargasdelaMora,ElianaHenaoBravo,EstelaMarjorieEsprituTello,KarinaAlelyBautista
Gonzlez,SandroWendelldeMontSerrat,JuniorPastorPrezMolinaandLorenaAlejandraAvils
Lpez, Masters students at CATIE, extracted information from documents and populated the
electronic database. Freddy Argotty provided GIS assistance to this project. An early draft of this
documentwasenrichedfromcommentsofGaelSola,LucaBirigazziandCarloTrotta.TheFoodand
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) supported this work
throughitsNationalForestMonitoringandAssessment(NFMA)programme.
iii|
Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
2. Objectivesofthereport.........................................................................................................................2
3. Datacompilation....................................................................................................................................2
Searchstrategyandbibliographydatabase
2
Datacompilation
3
4. Datadescriptionandstructure..............................................................................................................5
5. Gapsinassessingvolume,biomassandcarbonstocksinSouthandCentralAmerica.......................12
12
Completeness,transparencyanddocumentation
Qualitycontrolandassurance
15
6. Conclusionsandrecommendations.....................................................................................................17
7. Literaturecited.....................................................................................................................................18
8. Referencesincludedintheelectronicdatabase..................................................................................20
9. Appendix..............................................................................................................................................44
Appendix1.Listofcontacts
44
Appendix2.Listoflocationcodesandnames
56
60
Appendix3.Listspeciescodes
ListofFigures
Figure1.Representationoftreecomponentsconsideredinthedescriptionsofallometricequations
for20LatinAmericancountries...................................................................................................4
Figure2.LocationofstudysitesinLatinAmericashowingtheLifeZoneswheretreevolume,biomass
andcarbonallometricequationshavebeenconstructed...........................................................7
Figure3.NumberofallometricequationdatabaserecordsbyLatinAmericancountry.............................8
Figure4.Number of documents containing allometric equations published as peerreviewed
manuscripts, technical reports, theses and other gray literature for 20 Latin American
countriesbetween1950and2013...............................................................................................9
Figure5.Plant families with the most volume and biomass equations developed in Latin
America.Theentiredatabaseincludes94plantfamilies...........................................................10
Figure6.Theproportionoftreespecieswithinacountryforwhichallometricequationshavebeen
developeddecreaseswiththetotalnumberofspeciesidentified............................................14
ListofTables
Table1. Ecosystems and plant forms for which volume, biomass and carbon allometric equations
areavailableinLatinAmerica.......................................................................................................5
Table2. Number of volume and biomass equations available by Holdridge Life Zone for Latin
America..........................................................................................................................................6
Table3. Typesofequationsavailabletocalculatebiomass,volumeandotherdasometricvariables
inLatinAmerica.............................................................................................................................9
Table4. Genera with the greatest number of unique equations associated to them for calculating
volume,biomassandcarbonstocksinLatinAmerica.................................................................11
Table5. Numberoftreespeciesforwhichvolumeandbiomassallometricequationsareavailablein
LatinAmerica...............................................................................................................................15
iv|
1. Introduction
Robust and transparent national systems for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) are
necessaryforREDD+countriestoproperlyassessanychangesinfluxesofgreenhousegasesdueto
theimplementationofnationalactionsdesignedtosupportinternationalclimatechangeefforts.A
keyelementofanyMRVsystemistheavailabilityofmethodsandtoolstoaccuratelyassessnational
volume, biomass and carbon stocks from trees and forested landscapes. Despite recent criticisms
(Clark and Kellner 2012), a fundamental step in the calculation of these stocks, regardless of the
techniquesorscale,istheuseoftreeallometricequations.Thesearemathematicalfunctionsthat
relate variables that are hard to measure directly (i.e. the total dry mass of a standing tree) with
other measurements that are easier to obtain (i.e. diameter at breast height, tree height, crown
diameter,etc.).
The quality of the allometric equations being used will determine in large part the uncertainty
associated with any landscapescale estimate of biomass or carbon. In a study in Panama, for
example,Chaveetal.(2004)foundthechoiceofallometricmodelwasthemostimportantsourceof
error in biomass quantification; reaching up to 20 percent of the final estimate. Thus, to reduce
uncertaintyinbiomassquantification,forestrypersonnelmustbeabletogainaccesstohighquality,
locallyrelevantequations.
Despitethelargenumberofequationspublishedininternationaljournalsworldwide,thechoiceof
an appropriate one for a given location can become a challenge. First of all, technical personnel
workingindevelopingcountriesmayhavelimitedaccesstointernationaljournals,onlineresources
and recent publications where allometric equations are usually described allometric equations are
notalwayspublishedinpeerreviewedjournalsandinternationallydistributedmedia.Ontheother
hand,manyequationsconstructednationallythroughgraduateandundergraduateresearcharenot
publishedinternationallyandlostinlocallibrarycatalogsandbookshelves.Also,equationsarenot
generallyfullydocumentedatthetimeofpublication;backgroundinformationontheirconstruction
and application is seldom explicitly and completely stated, making their choice and application
dubiousatbest.
To complicate matters, the thousands of tree and plant species growing in tropical forests and
landscapesmakeitimpossibletohavespeciesspecificequationsforallofthem.Thus,ecosystem
wide or generalized equations must often be used; these tend to be constructed for the most
commonspeciesgrowinginthemostextensiveecosystems.Whenworkinginhighelevation,coastal
ecosystemsorwithlesscommonspeciestheavailableoptionsarefewerandcalculationsaremade
with generalized biomescale equations. Thus, only a few more common equations are used
althoughitispreferabletousesiteandspeciesspecificequations(Ketteringsetal.2001).
Thisdocumentdescribestheresultsofaprojectaimedatcompilingthelargestpossiblenumberof
allometric equations for 20 countries in Latin America and assembling them into a database
structurethatcanbemadeavailableinternationally.Wedescribethemethodsandsourcesusedto
compile relevant data. Then an analysis of the database structure is presented in such a way that
currentgapsinknowledgeareidentified.Finally,recommendationstoimproveallometricequation
constructionandreportingintheliteratureareoutlined.
|1
2.
Objectivesofthereport
The main goal of this project was to compile, systematize and document all existing volume and
biomass allometric equations for individual trees, sprouts and stands of 20 countries in Central
(Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama) and South America
(Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,
Surinam, Uruguay and Venezuela). Mexico was not considered in this analysis because recently
inventoriedbyBirigazzietal.(2013).Inaddition,wetsettoidentifygapsincurrentknowledgeinthe
availability,constructionandreportingofvolumeandbiomassallometricequations.Basedonthat
information,wealsoaimedtoofferrecommendationstoimproveallometricequationconstruction
andreporting.
3.
Datacompilation
Volume and biomass allometric equations were compiled by obtaining all possible hard and soft
copies of articles, reports and other documents containing such equations. We considered peer
reviewed manuscripts, technical reports, theses, dissertations and other grey literature. These
documents were classified and organized into a bibliographic reference collection using EndNote
software. All equations found within the available documents were then extracted and relevant
information related to their application (geographic location; bioclimatic information; equation
parameters,unitsandstatistics)enteredintoanExceldatabase.
Searchstrategyandbibliographydatabase
To locate relevant bibliography from where to extract the equations and their associated data we
usedthefollowingfourbasicprocedures:First,requestsforrelevanthardandsoftcopiesofarticles,
reportsandotherdocumentsweresenttoover325researchandacademicinstitutions,individual
researchers, forestry officials and several online distribution lists (Appendix 1). This effort also
resulted in secondary contacts that were also queried. We also took advantage of IICA/CATIEs
ORTONLibraryanditsextensivenetworkoftechnicalcontactsthroughoutLatinAmericaandtheir
access to academic databases to locate additional resources. Library personnel customized a
strategythatincludedBooleansearchstringsandaccesstospecializedresources1.Approximately64
percent of all compiled resources were obtained through this method. Additional online searches
using Google Scholar were also performed. Finally, close to 100 documents (22 percent of all
resources)wereprovideddirectlybytheFAOthroughtheirlibraryservices.Despiteourbestefforts
mayhavenotconsideredallpublishedmaterialscontainingallometricequations.Theexpectationis
toprogressivelyaddmoreresourcesastheybecomeavailable.
SomeoftheinternationalbibliographydatabasesqueriedincludeScienceDirectBiologicalSciences,
Springer Link, Dissertation and ThesisProquest, LanTeeal, CabDirectBiological Sciences. In
addition,specificrequestsweremade toSIDALC(ServiciodeInformacinparaAmricaLatinayel
CaribeLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanInformationService),TheNationalAgriculturalLibraryand
University of Idaho (United States of America). The Jos Figueres Ferrer Library (Instituto
TecnolgicodeCostaRicaTEC),UniversityofCostaRicasDocumentationandLibrarySystem,the
JoaqunGarcaMongeLibrary(UniversidadNacionalUNA),theCentralLibrary(DistanceLearning
StateUniversityUNED),theOrganizationforTropicalStudies(OTS,DukeUniversity)BINABITROP
1
AnexampleBooleanexpressionusedtofindrelevantdocumentswas:((TS=(Biomassfunction*ORvolume
function* OR allometry* OR equation* OR phytomass* OR aboveground biomass* OR belowground* OR
biomass*OR*carbon))).
2|
electronicservicesandEARTHUniversitysW.KelloggLibraryinCostaRicaalsoprovidedassistance
inthesearchefforts.
The thousands of preliminary results obtained through the four approaches described were
narroweddownto454documentsfromwhichrelevantinformationcouldbeobtained.Morethan
halfofalldocumentsfound(53percent)werejournalarticles,followedbybooks(141)andtheses
(61).Thereisanapproximatelyequalmixofgraduateandundergraduatethesis(13Ph.D.,20M.Sc.
and 28 undergraduate) in the compiled documents. The remaining 12 documents correspond to
conference papers (9) or book sections (3). Bibliographic information was extracted from those
documents,indexedandenteredintoanEndNotedatabase.
Datacompilation
We followed methods in Baldasso et al. (2012) for data entry. All equations found in the selected
documents were extracted and entered into an electronic database. In addition, relevant
information related to their application was also entered. This information includes data on the
geographiclocationandbioclimaticvariablesoftheareawheretheequationswereconstructedor
applied, equation parameters and their units and common regression statistics. As in Henry et al.
(2011),anygivenequationcanberepeatedinthedatabasetotheextentthatitwasusedinmore
than one location, or that it represents a single tree species or one group of tree species in one
location.Also,thesamespeciescanhavedifferentequationsassociatedtoit.
EachrecordintheExceldatabasewasassignedauniqueidentifier.Thescopeofapplicabilityofeach
equation is reported by describing the type of growth form (e.g. tree, liana, mangrove, etc.),
ecosystem(e.g.forest,plantation)andthelocationforwhichitwasderived.Locationsweregivena
uniqueidentifyingcode(Appendix2).Whentheexactgeographiccoordinatesofthestudywerenot
reportedintheoriginalsourceweobtainedthemthroughGoogleEarthbasedonthesitesnameor
generallocationwithinacountry.Whenitwasnotpossibletolocateastudysite,weassigneditthe
general coordinates for the broader description of the site where the study was carried out:
municipality,stateorprovince,regionwithinacountry,orcountry.
We then used the geographic coordinates of each location to extract biome classification
informationfrompublicallyavailablespatiallyexplicitdatasets.WeusedtheFAOsGeoNetwork2to
download GIS layers of the FAOs Global Ecological Zones3 (FAO 2001), Udvardys ecoregions4
(Udvardy1975),WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)globalecoregions5(WWF2000),Baileysglobalmapof
ecoregions6(Bailey1989)andHoldridgelifezonesmap7(Holdridge1967).Inaddition,weusedthe
New LocClim 1.11 software (FAO Local Climate Estimator8; FAO 2005) to obtain basic climatic
variablesforeachofthestudylocations.
Allometric equations were transcribed from each reference. Their variable names and units were
enteredintothedatabase,togetherwiththerange(maximum,minimum)ofmeasurementsforeach
variable. This is important because using an allometric equation outside of its range can produce
considerable estimation errors. We also transcribed pertinent estimation statistics related to each
equation(e.g.n,R2,Radj,RMSE,etc.),aswellasthevegetationcomponentsofthetreesorplants
consideredintheequation(e.g.branches,stem,roots,etc.;Figure1).
2
http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=1255&currTab=simple
4
5
6
7
8
Availableforfreedownload:http://www.juergen
grieser.de/downloads/ClimateInterpolation/ClimateInterpolation.htm
3|
The genus and species for which the allometric equations were derived or applied to calculate
volumeorbiomasswerealsoenteredintothedatabase.Individualspecieswereassignedaunique
identificationcode(Appendix3).Wereliedonlyontheoriginalsourcesforthespeciesidentification
andcommonnames.Toavoidbiasorerrors,wedidnotupdatetaxonomicnamestotheircurrent
nomenclature but we checked spelling of species names using several online databases. Some
sources only referred to the species by common names. In those cases, we made no attempt to
assign a scientific name to the species given the considerable uncertainty involved in matching
commonnameswiththeircorrectscientificnames.
Finally,thebibliographiccitationofeachsourcewasalsoenteredintothedatabasetofacilitatelater
recoveryofadditionalinformationpertainingtoeachequation.Qualitycontrolroutineswererunto
ensure internal consistency in location names, species, variable names, units, mathematical
expressions, etc. Additional checks were implemented to ensure all geographic locations were
correcttothebestofourknowledge.
Figure 1. Representation of tree components considered in the descriptions of allometric equations for 20
Latin American countries. For a full description of tree components, see Baldasso et al. (2012).
FiguretakenfromHenryetal.(2011).
4|
4.
Datadescriptionandstructure
Thedatabaseiscomposedof84variables,groupedintosevencategories,asdescribedinBirigazziet
al. (2013) and Baldasso et al. (2012). The database currently consists of 8265 unique records
extracted from 154 documents. A record corresponds to each instance a given equation was
reportedlyusedatagivenlocationorforagiventreespecies.Thus,thesameequationcanrepeat
itselfinthedatabasemultipletimes,buteachinstancecorrespondstoauniquecombinationofsite
andspecies.
Thedatabasecurrentlyconsistsof1237uniqueequations.Almost89percentofthoseareforforest
ecosystems. The remaining equations were derived for plantations (10 percent) and other
ecosystems with varying degrees of tree cover (i.e. agroforestry and pastures). Tree equations
representcloseto87percentofallequationsinthedatabase.Equationsformangroves,palmsand
tree ferns are the least common; only 3 percent of records in the database correspond to these
growthforms.Lianaequationsrepresent10percentofthetotal(Table1).
Table1.Ecosystemsandplantformsforwhichvolume,biomassandcarbonallometricequationsareavailable
inLatinAmerica.
Ecosystem
Forest
Plantation
Pasture
Agroforestry
Population
Tree
Liana
Mangrove
Palms
Tree ferns
Tree
Tree
Palms
Tree
Number of equations
949
125
35
4
1
128
6
1
1
Source:thisstudy.
Equations were found for 14 of the 20 countries in Latin America (Figure 2). We were unable to
locate equations for Belize, Bolivia, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guyana, or Uruguay. This does not imply
allometric equations have not been developed for those countries. In fact, only in El Salvador 3
independentexpertsstatedtherewerenolocallyderivedequations9.InEcuador,ontheotherhand,
local UNREDD and an FAO team are actively searching and compiling locally available equations.
Thesecanbeaddedtothisdatabaseatalaterdate.
Thereareforestequationsavailableforthe14countriesrepresentedinthedatabase.Currently,the
five countries with the most equations in the database (Figure 3) are Brazil(409), Colombia (253),
Argentina(177),Chile(114)andCostaRica(86).Together,theyrepresentalmost75percentofall
equations.Incontrast,approximatelytwothirdsofallrecordscurrentlyinthedatabasecorrespond
toBrazil(46percent),Colombia(19percent)andVenezuela(11percent).Plantationequationsare
availableforBrazil,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica,Nicaragua,Panama,PeruandVenezuela.Wefound
agroforestry equations only for Colombia, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, most likely because of the
prevalence of that type of ecosystems in those countries. A set of equations for trees in pasture
ecosystemswasonlyfoundforCostaRica.
PersonalcommunicationswithngelBaltazar,AmilcarLpez(MinistryofAgriculture),FrankSullivanCardoza
(GIZ).
5|
Recordsspanaverageannualtemperaturefrom11to27.6C.Atotalof26ofHoldridgeLifeZones
(Holdridge, 1967) are included in the database (Table 2). We emphasize this biogeographic
classificationsystembecauseitisthemostwidelyusedinLatinAmerica.Lifezonesrangefromvery
dry to rain forests and from tropical forests to polar tundra, covering a very wide range of
precipitation and temperatures. Despite this apparent diversity in ecosystems the distribution of
equationsishighlyskewedinthedatabase;over90percentofallequationswereconstructedfor11
life zones and 95 percent of all equations for 15 of all life zones found in Latin America. The
subtropical moist forest life zone has the most equations (477) among all life zones, while the
tropical dry forest represents has 268. Close to 18 percent of all equations in the database were
constructedforthesubtropicalwetandsubtropicaldryforestslifezones.
Table2.NumberofvolumeandbiomassequationsavailablebyHoldridgeLifeZoneforLatinAmerica.
Holdridge Lize Zone
Number of equations
477
Percent
Tropical dry forest
268
17.32
Subtropical wet forest
150
9.70
Subtropical dry forest
135
8.73
Tropical moist forest
106
6.85
Warm temperate moist forest
74
4.78
Warm temperate dry forest
60
3.88
Cool temperate moist forest
59
3.81
Cool temperate wet forest
26
1.68
Boreal rain forest
25
1.62
Subtropical rain forest
23
1.49
Subtropical thorn steppe
21
1.36
Tropical very dry forest
20
1.29
Subtropical desert
18
1.16
Boreal wet forest
16
1.03
Tropical desert bush
13
0.84
Boreal moist forest
12
0.78
Cool temperate steppe
12
0.78
Warm temperate wet forest

Unclassified
Cool temperate rain forest
10
8
4
0.65
0.52
0.26
Warm temperate thorn steppe
0.19
Cool temperate desert bush
0.13
Polar desert
0.13
Cool temperate desert
0.06
Polar wet tundra
0.06
1
1547
0.06
100.00
Subtropical moist forest
Warm temperate desert bush

Total
Source:thisstudy.
6|
30.83
Figure 2. Location of study sites in Latin America showing the Life Zones where tree volume, biomass and
carbonallometricequationshavebeenconstructed.MapbyFreddyArgotty,CATIE,CostaRica,with
datafromthisstudyandtheFAOsGeoNetwork10.
Beforedrawingfurtherconclusionsregardingthedistributionofsamplepointswithinglobalbiomes,
we must recognize the global resolution of the biome classification data and the potential of
misclassification because of this. The case of Manaus, Brazil, illustrates this point clearly. The
Holdridgelifezonesmap11usedforthisprojectclassifiesthissiteasTropicaldryforest.However,
it is more properly classified as a moist forest, with average annual rainfall of over 2 000 mm,
average temperature of 27 C and a dry season ofonly 4 months (Holdridge 1967, Carvalho et al.
1998, Gehring et al. 2004). Nevertheless, it is not always possible to properly describe the biome
classificationofastudysitewhenlittleornoclimaticinformationisprovidedintheoriginalsource.
Werecommendtheuseofdownscaledorlocal(i.e.higherspatialresolution)biomeclassifications
combinedwithelevationdatatobetterpinpointbioclimaticconditions.
10
11
http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
7|
400
300
253
114
100
86 84 75
67
48
28 26
11 10 6
Paraguay
177
200
Panama
Numberofequations
409
Honduras
Suriname
Unknown
F.Guiana
Guatemala
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Peru
CostaRica
Chile
Argentina
Colombia
Brazil
Country
Figure3.NumberofallometricequationdatabaserecordsbyLatinAmericancountry.Source:thisstudy.
Wefoundaconsistentlyincreasingtrendinthenumberofstudiespublished(Figure4).Lessthan10
referenceswereavailablebefore1970.Startinginthe1970spublishingofallometricequationshow
anincreasingtrend,reachingarateof6.5documentspublishedperyearinthe1990s.Thelargest
numberofreferences(214documents)wherefoundtobepublishedbetween2000and2009.Since
2010documentscontainingallometricequationsarebeingpublishedatarateof25peryear,slightly
over the 21 per year in the previous decade. Only time will tell if this trend is sustained or if it
decreasesduringthe2010s.
Approximately 40 percent of all equations those have their output logtransformed. The most
common transformation (35 percent) was the natural logarithm transformation (Log base e),
followed by the Log10 transformation (5 percent). Almost 10 percent of all equations have an
exponential(ex)component.Fromthe remainderequations,34percentaresquarepolynomialsor
includeasquaredterm(X2).Only1.5percentoftheequationsincludeacubic(X3)term.
Weclassifiedtheoutputoftheequationsinto16categoriesthatincludebiomass,volume,carbon,
height,barkandotherdasonomicvariables(seeTable3forasummaryofequationtypes).Equations
tocalculatebiomassrepresentalmost70percentofallequationsinthedatabase,followedbytree
volume equations (23 percent). Together, the remaining output categories add up to less than 9
percentoftheequations.Approximately49percentofallequationshave2variables(XandY)and
15 percent have 3 variables (X, Y, Z). Diameter at breast height (measured commonly at 1.30m
height) is the most commonly used main variable; it is used in 79 percent out of the total 1237
equations.Intwovariableequations,heightisused62percentofthetimesasthesecondvariable.
Wooddensityisused75percentofthetimeswhenathirdvariableisincludedintheequations.
8|
Figure 4. Number of documents containing allometric equations published as peerreviewed manuscripts,

technicalreports,thesesandothergrayliteraturefor20LatinAmericancountriesbetween1950
and2013.Source:thisstudy.
Thereisawidevariationinthetreecomponentsconsideredbytheequations.Itisnotalwaysclear
whichtreecomponentsareincludedornot(e.g.thedegreetowhichthestumpofharvestedtreeis
consideredinthetotalbiomassassessment,orexactlywhatsizebrancheswereharvested).Insome
caseswhereitwasunclearwhatthedifferencemightbebetweentwocomponents(e.g.totaltree
height and height). We tried to remain true to the original source to avoid introducing
transcriptionerrorsintothedatabase.
Stemandbarkarethetwocomponentsmostcommonlyaddressedbyallometricequations;theyare
includedincloseto80percentofallrecords.Branchesandleavesareincludedin35to57percentof
thecases.Veryfewcountrieshaverootspecificequations:Brazil,Colombia,CostaRica(seeColeand
Ewel2006;PereiradaSilva2007andSierraetal.2001forexamples).Becauseofthestrenuousfield
effort,timeandhighcostsinvolvedintheirquantification,thickandfinerootsareonlyincludedin
approximately 5 to 6 percent of the equations. However, mediumsized roots are included in less
than2percentoftheexistingequations.Thisdiscrepancymaybeduetothelackofcleardefinitions
and thresholds used consistently across studies. Another reason for it may be the inadequate
methodologicaldescriptionsintheoriginaldocuments.
Table 3. Types of equations available to calculate biomass, volume and other dasometric variables in Latin
America.
Type of output
Percentage
Biomass
Number of equations
852
Volume
282
22.74
Fresh biomass
35
2.82
Carbon
21
1.69
Bark
13
1.05
Leaf area
10
0.81
Height
10
0.81
Other
17
1.37
68.71
Source:thisstudy.
9|
Numerofequations
By far, the least common tree component considered while constructing allometric equations are
thefruits(consideredinonly0.1percentofallcases).Fromthisfact,wemayinferflowersarealso
underrepresented as tree biomass components. However, it can be argued they are a very small
proportionoftotaltreebiomassandthatitspresencedependsonreproductivecycleswhichmaybe
longerthanayear.Thus,theirinclusioninallometricequationsmaynotbealwaysadvisable.
There are 94 plant families registered in the database, plus an Unknown family category. The
Fabaceae and the Unknown family have over 300 equations each, followed by Pinaceae and
Euphorbiaceae (186 and 103 equations each). Approximately 50 percent of all equations in the
databasewereconstructedforonly12plantfamilies(Figure5)and75percentfor27families(dat
notshown).
Thereare891registeredspeciesnamesinthedatabase,whichalsoincludes174speciesdescribed
onlywiththeircommonnameorrepresentagrowthform(e.g.conifersortreeferns;Appendix
3). There are also a large number of unknown species records. In fact, this category is the most
common,with82percentofallrecordswhereaspeciesnamecouldnotbeassignedtoaparticular
equation.Thesmallproportionoffullyidentifiedrecordsisconsistentwithresultsfrominventories
in high diversity tropical forests because of how difficult it is to reliably identify trees and other
forest plants. In addition, we identified 70 groups of species for which allometric equations were
derived.
329 312
300
200
100
186
103 99
89
89
81
75
75
68
68
PlantFamilyName
Figure5.PlantfamilieswiththemostvolumeandbiomassequationsdevelopedinLatinAmerica.Theentire
databaseincludes94plantfamilies.Source:thisstudy.
Thereareanapproximatelyequalnumberofvolumeandbiomassequationsforthespeciesnamesinthe
database(512and528,respectively).The10generawiththegreatestnumberofassociatedequations
arePinus(185),followedbyInga(96),Vochysia(83),Aspidosperma(80),Terminalia(72),Protium(59),
Cecropia(56),Eschweilera(56),Eucalyptus(56)andOcotea(55).Thereare268equationsassociatedwith
unknownspecies(Table4).Thispossiblyreflectsthewidespreaduseofgeneralizedequationsacrossthe
region and suggest increased uncertainty in the estimates of volume and biomass (and, thus, carbon)
beingcalculated.
10|
Table 4. Genera with the greatest number of unique equations associated to them for calculating volume,
biomassandcarbonstocksinLatinAmerica.
Genus
unknown
Pinus
Inga
Vochysia
Aspidosperma
Terminalia
Protium
Cecropia
Eschweilera
Eucalyptus
Ocotea
Machaerium
Araucaria
Virola
Vismia
Mimosa
Rhizophora
Dialium
Dipteryx
Sclerolobium
Bellucia
Source:thisstudy.
Number
268
185
96
83
80
72
59
56
56
56
55
50
47
46
46
45
41
37
37
37
35
11|
5. Gaps in assessing volume, biomass and carbon stocks in South and

CentralAmerica
AvailableequationscanbeanalyzedinlightofIPCCGoodPracticeGuidelines(IPCC2003),whichin
generaltermsoutlinethatreportingshouldbecomplete,transparent,documented,consistentover
time, comparable, assessed for uncertainties and subject to quality control and assurance. The
database itself is built having those principles in mind. However, the quality of information
containedinitcanonlybeasgoodastheunderlyingdatafromtheliterature.Thus,ouranalysisand
recommendationsfocusonthelatter.
Completeness,transparencyanddocumentation
Thereisgoodrepresentationofcountriesinthedatabase(Figure1).Forcountriesmissingdatafrom
thedatabase,additionaleffortsareneededtolocatekeylocalexpertsandrecordsineachofthose
countries.InthecaseofEcuador,thecompilationofallometricequationsbyUNREDDandanFAO
teamwillbedonelaterin2013anddatacanbedirectlyincorporatedintothedatabase.
Despiteourbestefforts,itbecameapparentduringthisprojectthatthereareadditionaldocuments
whereallometricequationsmaybeextractedfrom.However,recoveringthemcompletelymaybea
dauntingtaskbecausethereisnocertainwayofknowingtherealextentofpublishedmaterials,the
format they are in, incomplete catalogs and lack of available personnel in local libraries and even
archaiccopyrightregulations.InColombia,forexample,auniversitylibraryisonlyallowedtoshare
scannedcopiesofthefirstfewpagesofadocument.Awrittenauthorizationfromtheauthorofthe
document would be needed to release the full document. Many allometric equations are
constructedaspartofgraduateorundergraduatestudentsresearch.Oncetheygraduateitisnearly
impossibletolocatethemtoobtaintherequiredfairuseauthorization.Furthercontactswithlocal
researchers and libraries may be needed to fully document all available sources of allometric
equations.
Noncompliancewithminimumpublishingandreportingstandardsispossiblythegreatestweakness
in allometric database reporting. Current database protocols use global geographic layers for
classifying biomes and extracting climate data from study site coordinates. Because of the lower
resolution of these datasets, it is possible to misclassify particular biomes. We also encountered
instances where geographic limits do not match among layers, thus complicating consistent
bioclimatic characterization. The obvious alternative would be to use bioclimatic data from the
original sources or from local climate data and biome classifications layers. However, this type of
information is not consistently reported in the literature, is seldom complete, or may not be
availableatallinsomecountries.
Lack of completeness is also apparent in other areas. For example, in some instances there is not
enoughinformationtoproperlyidentifythelocationofastudysite.Onlygeneraldirectionsmaybe
givenandnogeographiccoordinatesprovidedtothereader.Thiscomplicatesretrievingequations
thatmaybeapplicabletoagivenregionwithinacountry.Havingthenameoftheresearchsitedoes
not a guarantee its exact location either because the same name may be used in two or more
regionsofthesamecountry.
A critical weakness we encountered was the lack of proper description of the tree components
included in any given allometric equation. This is also related to the lack of uniform definitions of
tree components and output from allometric equations. For example, a commonly used term in
equation reporting is total aboveground biomass or total biomass. However, this may or may
not include leaves, dead branches and it seldom includes (0.01 percent of all records) fruits, or
12|
explicitly mentions whether the stump of the tree was included in the assessment or not. A
potentially large amount biomass and carbon may thus be ignored in allometric equation
developmentandwelackareliablewayofdetectinganddocumentingwheretheseerrorsmightbe
originating. In general, researchers and publishing venues must become increasingly preoccupied
withraisingthequalityandcompletenessoftheirreporting.Aninternationalsetofgoodpractice
guidelinesfocusedonallometricequationsisneededtoachievethisgoal.
Problemswithspeciesidentificationthatarecommoninmanytropicalforestinventoriesarealsoan
identifiedweaknessinthedatawecompiled.Toavoidintroducingfurtheruncertaintyanderrorsin
thedatabase,weremainedtruetotheoriginalsourceswhenitcametoplanttaxonomy.However,
we recognize that by doing this some species records and equations may be repeated or not
properlyindexed(i.e.thecaseofCarapaguianensisanditsknownsynonymCarapanicaraguensis,
orthemisclassificationbetweenRhizophoraharrisoniiandRhizophoramangle).Atthecoreofthis
problem is the difficulty of correctly identifying species in the field. Any misidentification at that
stagewillpropagateitselfintotheliterature.Oncethere,itisallbutimpossibletocorrect.Thus,this
problemshouldbecorrectedduringearlystagesofresearchbyusingtrainedplanttaxonomistsor
doublechecking species identifications with local herbaria. In some cases, depositing collected
specimensinthoseherbariamaybeadvisable.
Theconstructionofallometricequationsiscurrentlybiasedtowardstreesinmoistandwetforests.
Otherlesscommonbiomessuchasdryandverydryforests,cloudforestsandotherhighelevation
ecosystems and coastal ecosystems (namely, mangroves), are greatly underrepresented in the
available literature. In addition, research is highly biased towards above ground tree components.
Currently, the only available largescale tropical allometric equation available for roots is the one
published by Cairns et al. (1997). This is understandable, given the considerable effort it takes to
completely harvest the stump and complete root systems. However, additional efforts should be
devotedtoaddressingthisknowledgegapifwearetoimprovebelowgroundbiomassandcarbon
estimates.
Trees used in agroforestry systems or growing in silvopastoral systems are grossly under
represented in our sample; 0.6 percent of all records (8 equations). This may be due to the small
numberofspeciescommonlygrowinginthosesystems.Similarly,thedatabasecontainsequations
foronly18treespecies(128equations,Table1)usedinplantations.Althoughthenumberoftree
species used in plantations is likely much higher in Latin America, especially considering the
increasing promotion of native species for reforestation and landscape restoration, the ones
included in the database are among the most common species used in large scale reforestation:
Acaciamangium,Eucalyptusspp.,Gmelinaarborea,Pinuscaribaea,P.radiataandTectonagrandis.
Using the number of native tree species contained in the FAOs Forest Resources Assessment
database(FAO200612),wedeterminedtherearespeciesspecificallometricequationsforanaverage
10 percent of species identified in the countries so far included in the database (Table 5). This
proportion,however,varieswildlyanddependsinpartonthenumberofnativespeciesidentifiedin
each country. Countries with less native species identified are more likely to have developed
equationsforalargerproportionofthosespecies(Figure6).InBrazil,forexample,only4percentof
thecloseto8000nativespecieshasanassociatedallometricequation.Incontrast,inArgentinaand
CostaRica,morethan20percentoftheapproximately120to240nativespeciesidentifiedhavean
associatedallometricequation.
12
Datatableavailablefordownloadat:
http://foris.fao.org/static/data/fra2005/global_tables/FRA_2005_Global_Tables_EN.xls
13|
Percentofspecieswithan
allometricequation
25
y=107.92x0.486
R=0.1827
20
15
10
5
0
0
2000
4000
6000
Numberofnativespecies
8000
Figure6.Theproportionoftreespecieswithinacountryforwhichallometricequationshavebeendeveloped
decreaseswiththetotalnumberofspeciesidentified.DatafromthisstudyandFAO(2006).
Given the high diversity of species in tropical forests and the logistical barriers to develop a large
numberofspeciesspecificequations,itisdifficulttodeterminewhatwouldbeasensibleminimum
target number of available speciesspecific equations for the Latin America. First of all, we would
needbetterestimatesofspeciesrichness.Forexample,whileConditetal.(2010)report2300tree
species for Panama and Jimnez et al. (2002) report 2000 tree species for Costa Rica, FAO (2006)
reports1415and117.TheuseofnativespeciesbytheFAOmayonlypartlyexplainthedifference.
Information on growth patterns and plant functional traits may prove useful for grouping species
into ecological groups with similar allometries. This could potentially reduce the number of
allometric equations required to estimate large scale biomass and carbon stocks, while ensuring a
broaderrepresentationofspecies.
Incomparison,havingarelativelylargenumberofequationsdoesnotguaranteesufficientoptions
forcalculatingvolumeandbiomassstocksthroughoutLatinAmerica.Formangroveecosystems,for
example,weidentified36equationsforonly4mangrovetreespecies.However,thoseequationsare
representativeofonly6sitesin3countries(Brazil,FrenchGuianaandNicaragua).Furthermore,the
equationsforFrenchGuiana(Chaveetal.2005)aregenerictoanymangroveforestinthetropics.It
islikelythatbiogeographicandphylogeneticdifferencesamongsitesandspeciesrequireustouse
species and sitespecific (or at least regionspecific) equations. Although it may seem a relatively
large number of equations available for just a handful of species, it may not be appropriate to
assumethatwehavegeneratedenoughallometricequationstoreliablyquantifyvolumeorbiomass
inmangroveecosystems.Anoptiontoaddressproblemswithspeciesoverorunderrepresentation
inallometricequationswouldbetopoolspecieswithsimilargrowthhabits(seeOrtiz1997andOrtiz
2010).
14|
Table 5. Number of tree species for which volume and biomass allometric equations are available in Latin
America.
Country
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
French Guiana
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Suriname
Venezuela
Number of species
51
326
17
347
29
1
19
10
41
29
44
74
50
FRA (2006)
236
7880
123
5000
117
1200
700
400
1000
1415
2500
600
1360
Percent of species
21.6
4.1
13.8
6.9
24.8
0.1
2.7
2.5
4.1
2.0
1.8
12.3
3.7
Source:thisstudy,FAO(2006).
Qualitycontrolandassurance
Beyondthequalitycontrolandassurance(QA/QC)proceduresinplaceforenteringequationsinto
thedatabase,wemustalsobeobservantoftheseproceduresintheactualsourcesofinformationas
theyaffectthequalityoftheequations.
It is generally assumed that published materials are peerreviewed and that all efforts have been
madetoaccuratelydepictresearchproceduresandresults.However,thisisnotafailsafemethodto
ensure quality of scientific work or statistical procedures. We identified two main types of errors
commonintheliterature.Thefirsthappenswhenequationsaretranscribedincorrectlyormodified
fromtheoriginalsource(compareequationsfromFrangiandLugo(1985),Hughesetal.(1999)and
Araujoetal.(1999)ascitedbyNvar(2009)forexamples).Thesecondtypeoferrorsariseswhen
equations are attributed to the wrong source. For example, van Breugel et al. (2011) erroneously
attribute the equation 2.134+2.53*Ln(X) to Brown et al. (1989), when the correct citation is
Brown(1997).
Theseerrorsarefurthercomplicatedbecausesecondarycitationsareoftenusedasiftheywerethe
primary source of equations, creating the illusion of many more equations being available. For
example,equationsNvar(2009)attributestoMonteroandKanninen(2005)arereproducedfrom
MonteroandKanninen(2002).Kelleretal.(2001)attributeanequationfromCarvalhoetal.(1998),
buttheyinturnattributetheequationtoSantos(1996).Inthisparticularinstance,wewereunable
tolocatethislastdocumentsowewereunabletoverifyifitwasinfacttheoriginalsourceofthe
equation or if it also simply transcribed the equation from yet another document. In other cases,
because of bad citations, it is impossible to track the original source and verify the equations
containedtherein.InChaveetal.(2001),forexample,twoequationsareattributedrespectivelyto
Higuchi et al. (1998) and Araujo et al. (1999), but those equations cannot be found in the original
sources,makingtheirverificationimpossible.Asafinalexample,theoriginalsourceofanequation
maynotbeproperlyrecognized.InanarticlebySierraetal.(2007)theequationforAboveground
tree biomass in secondary forests (D1 cm) Ln(ABT)= 2.232+2.422*Ln(D) is reported as
developedthroughthatparticularstudy,whentheoriginalsourceisColorado(2001).Inviewofthis
evidence, we strongly recommend users of allometric equations to exhaust all available means to
locatetheoriginalsourcesofanyequationstheymightbeusing.
15|
Anypublishedallometricequationshouldhavealargeenoughsamplesizeandbesufficientlyrobust
toproduceoutputwithhighdegreeofcertainty.Althoughthereisnooneruletodeterminewhat
theminimumsamplesizemightbetoconstructrobustallometricequations,statisticianscommonly
considerasamplesizeof30adequatetocontrolforsamplevariation.Ifweapplythisruleofthumb,
wefindoveronethirdofallcataloguedequationswereconstructedusingsmallsamplesizes.Onthe
other hand, a similar proportion of equations have sample sizes larger than 100 harvested
individuals.Althoughalargeproportionoftheequationsseemtohavealargeenoughsamplesize,
weneedtoreevaluatetherobustnessandapplicabilityofthoseequationsconstructedfromsmall
samplesizes.
An additional element to improve the robustness of allometric equations would be the use of
modern statistical methods. Generalized linear methods and other techniques now allow
researchers to better control sources of variation and heteroscedasticity in fitting regression lines.
Olderpublications,whenthesemethodswerenotavailablemayormaynotfullycontrolvariation
duringregression,yieldinglessrobustequations.
It is difficult to assess the robustness of allometric equations because validation outside the area
where they were constructed is not generally done. The effort and cost involved in constructing
allometricequationsisnottrivial,whichmaypartlyexplainwhyvalidationisnotcommon.However,
duetophylogeneticvariationsamonglocales,itisentirelypossiblethatpopulationsoftreesofthe
same species would have different allometries. Validation studies such as those carried out by
lvarezetal.(2011)andlvarezetal.(2012)shouldbeencouraged.
Finally, all efforts should be made to ensure wide distribution of available information. Beyond
printed formats, the increasing use and availability of electronic media is recommended as a
mediumtodistributeandexchangeinformationonallometricequations.
16|
6. Conclusionsandrecommendations
Thereisconsiderableandincreasingattentioninimprovingtheavailabilityandqualityofallometric
equationstocalculatevolume,biomassandcarboninLatinAmerica.Althoughthereseemstobean
adequategeographicdistributionintheequationscataloguedthroughourefforts,thedistributionof
equations available per country is skewed, with most of the available equations constructed for a
small number of countries and also biased towards trees in moist and wet forests. The lack of
allometric equations in other less common biomes such as dry and very dry forests, cloud forests
and other high elevation ecosystems and coastal ecosystems (namely, mangroves) needs to be
addressed. In addition, increased attention should be devoted to constructing root allometric
equations and properly include other relevant but often ignored tree components such as the
stump.
For countries missing data from the database, additional efforts are needed to locate key local
expertsandrecordsineachofthosecountries.Furthercontactswithlocalresearchersandlibraries
arethusneededtofullydocumentallavailablesourcesofallometricequations.
Given the high diversity of species in tropical forests, it is difficult to determine what would be a
sensibleminimumtargetnumberofavailableequationsfortheLatinAmerica.Dominantspecies,or
those more frequently used in restoration or reforestation should be prioritized. For other, less
common,speciesallometricequationscouldbeconstructedbasedonsimilaritiesingrowthpatterns,
ecologicalhabits(lightlovingspecies,shadetolerant,etc.)orevenfunctionaltraits.Werecommend
using trained plant taxonomists or doublechecking species identifications with local herbaria to
reducetheuncertaintyinspeciesidentificationandtaxonomy.
Noncompliancewithminimumpublishingandreportingstandardsispossiblythegreatestweakness
in allometric database reporting. A critical weakness we encountered was the lack of proper
description of the tree components and definitions of terms that describe the output from an
equation.Ingeneral,researchersandpublishingvenuesmustbecomeincreasinglypreoccupiedwith
raising the quality and completeness of their reporting. An international set of good practice
guidelines focused on allometric equations is needed to achieve this goal. To minimize errors
transcribing equations, all possible efforts should be made to locate the original document where
theywerefirstpublished.Inaddition,reviewersandeditorsshouldmakesureequationshavebeen
transcribedcorrectlyfromtheiroriginalsourcesbeforepublishing.
Acapacitybuildingprogrammaybeneededtoadequatelycompletetheprocessofconstructingand
reporting allometric equations. Renewed attention should also be devoted to training technicians
andresearchersinsamplingtheoryandstatisticalregressionmethodstoproperlydealwithuneven
variancesandincreasetherobustnessoffuturemodels.Validationstudiessuchasthosecarriedout
bylvarezetal.(2011)andlvarezetal.(2012)shouldbeencouraged.
Finally, all efforts should be made to ensure wide distribution of available information. Beyond
printed formats, the increasing use and availability of electronic media is recommended as a
mediumtodistributeandexchangeinformationonallometricequations.Thecurrentdatabaseis,by
nature,aworkinprogress.Thus,weencouragecontinuedeffortstoexpanditandexpanditsuseas
atoolforquantifyingterrestrialbiomassandcarbonstocksinLatinAmerica.
17|
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9. Appendix
Appendix1.Listofcontacts
Country
LastName
Name
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Cellini
Fernndez
Gmez
Posta
Rebora
Wabo
JuanManuel
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Belize
Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Canada
Nabet
Ascarrunz
TernCardozo
Vargas
ZapataAndia
Freitas
Hummel
Odenbreit
Piotto
Sanquetta
Potvin
Ins
Peri
Silvia
Enrique
Institution
MinisteriodelAmbiente
MinisteriodelAmbiente,DirectoradeBosques
INTA
DireccindeBosques,SecretaradeAmbienteyDesarrollo
Sustentable
BibliotecaForestal,MinisteriodeAgricultura,GanaderayPesca
Jorge
Nataly
JaimeRicardo
MaraTeresa
Jhony
Joberto
Antonio
Andre
Daniel
Carlos
Claudio
Chatherine
ForestryDepartment
InsitutoBolivianodeInvestigacinForestal
CATIEalumni
FundacinNatura
FAO
ServicioFlorestalBrasileiro
ServicioFlorestalBrasileiro
FederalUniversityofParana
INPE
McGillUniversity
email
cellini@gmail.com
lfernandez@ambiente.gob.ar
igomez@ambiente.gob.ar
pperi@correo.inta.gov.ar
srevora@ambiente.gob.ar
ewabo@ambiente.gob.ar
bfores@minagri.gob.ar
cadicforestal@cadic.gov.ar
gloguercio@ciefap.org.ar
jlmaccarone@ambiente.gob.ar
jmc@ceres.agro.unlp.edu.ar
nabetjorge@yahoo.com
nascarrunz@ibifbolivia.org.bo
ecomanos@gmail.com
mteresavargas@naturabolivia.org
jhony.zapataandia@fao.org
joberto.freitas@florestal.gov.br
antonio.hummel@florestal.gov.br
andre.odenbreit@itamaraty.gov.br
daniel.piotto@florestal.gov.br
sanquetta@ufpr.br
claudio@dsr.inpe.br
catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca
|44
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Baldini
LarenasIbarra
LoboQuilodran
Mujica
Hoevelmayer
Pea
RoblesValenzuela
Rodrguez
RodrguezToro
RojasPonce
Rudnick
Sartori
ValenciaBaier
Vial
lvarezMorales
Andrade
Caballero
CamargoGarca
Cavelier
COLFORESTAL
COLFORESTAL
COLFORESTAL
COLFORESTAL
Garca
Garca
Gorbitz
Hyman
LeonG.
LondooMartnez
MadridPenagos
Aida
Armando
Felipe
Rodrigo
Karen
Pamela
Rolando
Andrs
Yasna
Angelo
JuanCarlos
Eduardo
Alberto
Hernn
Paula
JuanCarlos
Isabel
Andrea
MaraClaudia
Guillermo
Glenn
Anibal
MarioAndrs
Jairo
CONAF
INFOR
INFOR
INFOR
INFOR
CONAF
UniversidaddeConcepcin
INFOR
CONAMA
CONAF
INFOR
CONAF
UniversidaddelTolima
MinisteriodeRelacionesExteriores
UniversidadTecnolgicadePereira
MinisteriodeRelacionesExteriores
List
List
List
List
MinisteriodelAmbienteyDesarrolloSostenible
SubdirectoradeEstudiosAmbientalesIDEAM
IICA
CIAT
CATIEalumnia
MinisteriodeAmbienteyDesarrolloSostenible
aida.baldini@conaf.cl
armando.larenas@infor.cl
felipe.lobo@infor.cl
rodrigo.mujica@infor.cl
karenbioes@yahoo.es
pamela.robles@infor.cl
rolando.rodriguez@conaf.cl
andresrodrigueztoro@gmail.com
yasna.rojas@infor.cl
arudnick@conama.cl
angelo.sartori@conaf.cl
juan.valencia@infor.cl
eduardo.vial@conaf.cl
aalvarez112@hotmail.com
hjandrade@ut.edu.co
paula.caballero@cancilleria.gov.co
jupipe@utp.edu.co
isabel.cavelier@cancilleria.gov.co
colforestal@googlegroups.com
colforestalcol@googlegroups.com
colforestalint@googlegroups.com
colforestal@gmail.com
andreagarcia.gmcc@yahoo.com
mcgarcia@ideam.gov.co
guillermo.gorbitz@iica.int
G.HYMAN@CGIAR.ORG
aleon@catie.ac.cr
mlondono@miambiente.gov.co
jairomadrid1@hotmail.com
45|
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
46|
MenaMosquera
Nieto
PrezLara
PulgarinDiaz
Restrepo
SanClemente
Santos
Segura
ZapataCuartas
Abarca
Aguilar
Alavez
Alfaro
Alpzar
Ammour
Angulo
Arias
Babbar
Barres
Beer
Breitling
Camacho
Canet
Casanoves
Castro
CATIEalumni
CATIEPhDStudents
CATIEStaff
CATIEstudents2011
VctorElezar
Vctor
MartnCamilo
JohnAlexander
Hctor
X.
Lucio
Milena
Mauricio
Martha
Susana
Sergio
Edwin
Tania
Eyleen
Dagoberto
Liana
Herster
John
Jan
Rolando
Gilbert
Fernando
Guiselle
UnivesidaddelChoc
CONIF
Consultant
UniversidadNacionaldeColombia
UnivesidaddelTolima
CentrodeInvestigacinenCarbonoyBosques
BibliotecaOrtonIICA/CATIE
OTSLibrary BINABITROP
CATIEalumni
MINAET
Consultant
CATIE
BibliotecaOrtonIICA/CATIE
InstitutoTecnolgicodeCostaRica
TheOrganizationforTropicalStudies
Reforestthetropics
CATIE
UPAZ
Reforestthetropics
SINAC
CATIE
CATIE
CATIE
CATIE
CATIE
memovie@gmail.com
victornieto@conif.org.co
MPerez@minambiente.gov.co
jalexanderpulgarin@gmail.com
hirestrepo@gmail.com
xsanclemente@minambiente.gov.co
lsantos@minambiente.gov.co
masegura@ut.edu.co
mauricio.zapata98@gmail.com
mabarca@catie.ac.cr
susana.aguilar@ots.ac.cr
salavez@gmail.com
alalfaro@minaet.go.cr
edwinalpizar@gmail.com
tammour@catie.ac.cr
eyleen@catie.ac.cr
darias@itcr.ac.cr
liana.babbar@ots.ac.cr
HBarres@aol.com
jbeer@catie.ac.cr
jbreitling@upeace.org
rttcostarica@ice.co.cr
gilbert.canet@sinac.go.cr
casanoves@catie.ac.cr
guiselle.castro@ots.ac.cr
egresados@catie.ac.cr
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CATIEstudents2012
Cervantes
Chacn
Chassot
Chavarra
ClimateL
Cordero
Corrales
Fonseca
Fuentes
Guerra
Herrera
Imbach
ITCRalumni
Jones
Lachapelle
Louman
Luna
Manrow
Marmillod
Mndez
Mndez
Murillo
Navarrete
Navarro
Navarro
Obando
Ordoez
Ortiz
Mario
Mario
Olivier
MaraIsabel
Roberto
Eduardo
William
Gilbert
Hctor
MaraElena
Pablo
Jeffrey
Kaley
Bastiaan
Mauricio
Marilyn
Daniel
Alberto
Gisselle
Olman
Gilmar
CarlosManuel
Guillermo
German
Yadid
Edgar
CATIE
CATIE
ConservationInternational
CentroCientficoTropical
SINAC
List
CATIE
UniversidadNacional
OTSLibrary BINABITROP
CATIE
FONAFIFO
CATIE
Consultant
RedIberoamericanaBosquesModelo
CATIE
UPAZ
Consultant
Consultant
FONAFIFO
SINAC
FONAFIFO
Consultant
EARTHUniversity
EARTHUniversity
CATIE
mcervant@catie.ac.cr
m.chacon@conservation.org
ochassot@cct.or.cr
isabel.chavarria@sinac.go.cr
ClimateL@lists.iisd.ca
ticolamb@gmail.com
ecorrales@catie.ac.cr
wfonseca@una.ac.cr
gilbert.fuentes@ots.ac.cr
hguerra@catie.ac.cr
mherrera@fonafifo.go.cr
pimbach@catie.ac.cr
vvargas@itcr.ac.cr
jrjones50@gmail.com
klachape@catie.ac.cr
blouman@catie.ac.cr
mluna@upeace.org
detierra@gmail.com
dmarmill@racsa.co.cr
amendez@fonafifo.go.cr
gisselle.mendez@sinac.go.cr
omurillo@itcr.ac.cr
gnavarrete@fonafifo.go.cr
carlosmanuelnavarro@gmail.com
gnavarro@earth.ac.cr
gobando@earth.ac.cr
yordonez@catie.ac.cr
eortiz@itcr.ac.cr
47|
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
CostaRica
Cuba
DominicanRepublic
DominicanRepublic
DominicanRepublic
DominicanRepublic
DominicanRepublic
DominicanRepublic
48|
Paaby
Pineda
Quesada
Quirs
Rodrguez
Romero
Russo
Senz
SalazarLeiva
Snchez
Sand
Scheelje
Somarriba
Stynoski
Tobar
Varela
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
VargasFonseca
Vlchez
Watson
BonillaDuarte
Bueno
Castillo
Cuevas
DiazBeard
Gil
Pia
LuisMauricio
Ruperto
Guisela
JorgeMario
Humberto
Ricardo
Alexandra
Karla
Mauricio
Carlos
Mauricio
Eduardo
Jennifer
Diego
Carlos
Fermin
Orlando
Vilma
Lupita
Braulio
Vicente
Orlando
Solhanlle
Santiago
Deisy
Bienvenida
RamnAlberto
Teresa
Consultant
FONAFIFO
FONAFIFO
Consultant
FONAFIFO
CATIE
UniversidadNacional
EARTHUniversity
CATIE
CATIE
CATIE
SINAC
Consultant
ITCR
CentroCientficoTropical
CITMA
CATIEPhDstudent
UniversidadCatolicaMadreyMaestra
FederacindeProductoresdelBosqueSeco
PontificiaUniversidadCatlicaMadreyMaestra
MinisteriodeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturales
MinisteriodeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturales
pia.paaby@ots.ac.cr
mpineda@weinmannia.net
rquesada@itcr.ac.cr
gquiros@fonafifo.go.cr
JRodriguez@fonafifo.go.cr
humberto.romero@gmail.com
ricardo26@hotmail.com
asaenz@fonafifo.go.cr
salazark@catie.ac.cr
msanchem@una.ac.cr
clsandi@earth.ac.cr
mscheelje
esomarri@catie.ac.cr
jennifer.stynoski@ots.ac.cr
dtobar@catie.ac.cr
carlos.varela@sinac.go.cr
vargfermin@gmail.com
ovargas@sloth.ots.ac.cr
vvargas@itcr.ac.cr
lvargas@itcr.ac.cr
bvilchez@itcr.ac.cr
vwatson@cct.or.cr
orlando@citma.cu
sbonilla@catie.ac.cr
swbueno@gmail.com
deisycastillo@hotmail.com
bcuevas19@hotmail.com
rdramondiaz@gmail.com
teresa.gil@ambiente.gob.do
DominicanRepublic Hernndez
DominicanRepublic Jimnez
DominicanRepublic Mercedes
DominicanRepublic Montilla
DominicanRepublic Nova
DominicanRepublic Rivas
DominicanRepublic Snchez
DominicanRepublic Valerio
Santiago
Alfredo
JosFrancisco
Thomas
JoseAntonio
Carlos
Alberto
Mamerto
DominicanRepublic
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
Arellano
Borja
Carrin
Cueva
Falconi
Pekkarinen
Snchez
Tene
Aguilar
Baltazar
CaasCaldern
DurnGarca
Jimnez
Lpez
Martnez
Olano
Panzel
Prez
QuesadaDaz
Stephanie
Carola
Kelvin
Lorena
Anssi
Guillermo
Sonia
ngel
Antonio
FranciscoErnesto
Aber
Amilcar
Marina
Julio
Laszlo
Carlos
JorgeErnesto
PlanSierra
InstitutoDominicanodeInvestigacionesAgropecuariasy
Forestales
ConsejoNacionaldeInvestigacionesAgropecuariasy
Forestales
AGROFORSA Consultant
EndaDominicana
CATIE
MinisteriodelAmbiente(INF)
FAO
FAO
MARN
MAG
MARN
MARN
GIZ
MAG
MAG
MAG
GIZ
GIZ
MARN
chagohb@yahoo.es
alfredjimenez@yahoo.com
jmercedes@idiaf.gov.do
thomas.montilla@ambiente.gob.do
joseanova@yahoo.com
crivas@agroforsa.com
ppsdom@gmail.com
direccion@endadom.org.do
catierd@catie.ac.cr
earellano@ambiente.gob.ec
cborja@ambiente.gob.ec
dcarrion@ambiente.gob.ec
kelvin.cueva@fao.org
lfalconi@ambiente.gob.ec
Anssi.Pekkarinen@fao.org
gsanchez@ambiente.gob.ec
wtene@ambiente.gob.ec
saguilar@marn.gob.sv
baltazar.angel@mag.gob.sv
acanas@marn.gob.sv
fduran@marn.gob.sv
abner.jimenez@giz.de
amilcar.lopez@mag.gob.sv
marina.martinez@mag.gob.sv
julio.olano@mag.gob.sv
laszlo.pancel@giz.de
carlos.perez@giz.de
jquezada@marn.gob.sv
49|
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador
ElSalvador/Chile
France
Germany
Germany
Germany/Colombia
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
50|
Rodrguez
Rodrguez
SullivanCardoza
Emanuelli
Chave
Baldauf
Koehl
Sierra
Aragn
Arreaga
Bailey
Bmaca
Belteton
Carrera
Castellanos
Castillo
Crdova
delaRocaCullar
Estrada
Gmez
HernndezGuzmn
Lee
Lpez
Mansilla
Martnez
Medina
Montenegro
Morales
Oseida
JosFrancisco
Oscar
Frank
Patricio
Jerome
Thomas
Michael
Carlos
Rolando
William
UniversityofHamburg
MaxPlanckInstituteforBiogeochemistry
UniversidaddeSanCarlos,FacultaddeAgronoma
RainforestAlliance
Edgar
RainforestAlliance
Jos
Edwin
RainforestAlliance
UniversidaddelValle
MARN MinistersOffice
MARN
Lorena
IgorAdolgoEstuardo
JorgeMario
Alejandra
Glenda
Julio
Genoveva
Bayron
Rolando
J.
Marcel
MARN
GIZ
GIZ
GIZ
RainforestAlliance
CONAP
RainforestAlliance
GrupoOccidente
CATIE
MARN
INAB
CATIEalumni
INAB
INAB
MARN
frodriguez@marn.gob.sv
oscar.rodriguez@giz.de
fscardoza.redd@gmail.com
patricio.emanuelli@gmail.com
jerome.chave@univtlse3.fr
thomas.baldauf@vti.bund.de
m.koehl@holz.unihamburg.de
csierra@bgcjena.mpg.de
udinea@yahoo.com
warreaga@ra.org
acbailey@url.edu.gt
ebamaca@ra.org
cbelteton@conap.gob.gt
jcarrera@ra.org
ecastell@uvg.edu.gt
mcastillo@marn.gob.gt
lorena.cordova.sa@gmail.com
igorrocac@gmail.com
pestrada@ra.org
jgomez@conap.gob.gt
alehernandezguzman@googlemail.com
glee@occidente.com.gt
jlopez@catie.ac.cr
cmansilla@marn.gob.gt
genoveva.martinez@inab.gob.gt
bmedina@catie.ac.cr
rmontenegro@inab.gob.gt
jmorales@inab.gob.gt
mhoseida@marn.gob.gt
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guyana
Guyana
Guyana
Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
Honduras
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Quilo
Ramos
Rivera
Rodas
Silva
Surez
Alder
Bholanath
Sinh
Brcenas
Bermudez
Lainez
Prez
Sambulla
Velsquez
deJong
Fernndez
Fernndez
FloresHernndez
Gmez
Gonzlez
Magaa
Romn
SandovalGarca
SotoPinto
Zermeo
Alma
VctorHugo
JoseLuis
Rodrigo
Cynthia
Gustavo
Denis
Pradeepa
James
ngel
Marco
Noe
Rafael
Miguel
Ben
Ivana
Javier
Rafael
Heriberto
Yazmin
Carlos
Celestino
Lorena
Carlos
RainforestAlliance
CONAP
MARN
INAB
MARN
SecretaradeCambioClimtico
CONAP CentrodeM&E
IndependentConsultant
ForestryDepartment
ForestryDepartment
GIZ
SERNA
USFS
ESNACIFOR
ICF
ECOSUR
SEMARNAT
FAO
CONAFOR
UnivesidadAutnomadeChiapas
CATIEalumni
CONAFOR
UniversidaddeChapingo
UniversidaddelMar
ECOSUR
CONAFOR
aleuqco1@gmail.com
vhramos@conap.gob.gt
jlrivera@marn.gob.gt
estadistica@inab.gob.gt
cynthia.silva@mmaya.gob.bo
gsuarez@marn.gob.gt
cclimatico@marn.gob.gt
cemec@conap.gob.gt
denis@bio.met.co.uk
project.coordinator@forestry.gov.gy
commissioner@forestry.gov.gy
angel.barcenas@giz.de
pbermudez@pfsi.us
marco_lainez@hotmail.com
noe.perez20@yahoo.com
rafael_sambulla@yahoo.com
ruch_velasquez@yahoo.es
icfdireccion@yahoo.com
bjong@ecosur.mx
ivana.fernandez@semarnat.gob.mx
javfernandezvega@gmail.com
rfloresh@conafor.gob.mx
hgomezc@yahoo.com
yazventure82@hotmail.com
omagana@conafor.gob.mx
romahn@correo.chapingo.mx
celestinosandoval@gmail.com
lsoto@ecosur.mx
czermeno@conafor.gob.mx
51|
Mexico
Mxico
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
52|
Romn
Bolaos
Castillo
Galo
Gutirrez
Lau
Martnez
Membreo
Mendoza
Ruiz
Valerio
Barba
Cherrington
Daz
Giada
Gonzlez
Labbate
Logreira
Mariscal
Marklund
Montenegro
MuellerLandau
Palma
Prez
Samaniego
Scodanibbio
Vsquez
Lucio
RosaMara
Zarifeth
Mayaris
Mario
Jaqueline
Wing
Leonardo
Juan
Bismarck
Luis
Lilibeth
Emil
J.
Silvia
Gabriel
Regina
Emilio
Lars
Ricardo
Helene
Lury
B.
Roney
Lucia
Tomas
CONAFOR
FAO
URACCANBluefields
INAFOR
INAFOR
MARENA
INAFOR(INF)
CATIEalumni
UniversidadNacionalAgraria
UniversidadNacionalAgraria
MARENA
MAGFOR
INAFOR
ANAM
CATHALAC
ANAM
UNEP
ANAM
UNEP
ANAM
Consultant
FAO
Consultant
STRI
ANAM
ANAM
ANAM
UNEP
IDIAP
lucio.gmcc@gmail.com
Rosa.Roman@fao.org
zarifeth_b@yahoo.com
mcastillo@inafor.gob.ni
mgalo@inafor.gob.ni
jgutierrez@marena.gob.ni
wlau@inafor.gob.ni
persiste78@gmail.com
jmembreo@yahoo.com
rmendoza@una.edu.ni
mruiz@marena.gob.ni
luis.valerio@magfor.gob.ni
direjecutiva@inafor.gob.ni
lilibeth.barba@anam.gob.pa
emil.cherrington@cathalac.org
j.diaz@anam.gob.pa
silvia.giada@unep.org
ggonzalez@anam.gob.pa
gabriel.d.labbate@gmail.com
rlogreira@anam.gob.pa
mariscalemilio@aol.com
larsgunnar.marklund@fao.org
rgmontenegro@gmail.com
hmuller@umn.edu
luryforestalpanama@yahoo.es
bperez@anam.gob.pa
rsamaniego@anam.gob.pa
lucia.scodanibbio@unep.org
tomasvasquez@idiap.gob.pa
Panama
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay
Peru
Peru
Peru
Peru
Peru
Per
Per
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Suriname
UnitedStates
Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay
USA
USA
Mesa
RejalagaNoguera
VeradeOrtiz
Durn
Menton
Ramrez
Vergara
GarcaSoria
RomnJeri
Aranda
Biel
DeHarralde
Espelta
Save
Montagnini
Moras
Santos
Clark
Clark
Jorge
Larissa
Mirtha
Rodrigo
Mary
Carla
DiegoGonzlo
Carlos
Xavier
Carmen
Felicidad
Josep
Robert
John
Florencia
Guillermo
IDIAP
FAO
SecretaradelAmbiente
INFONA
INFONA
INFONA
INFONA
CIFOR
FAO
MINAG
MINAG
Consultor
IRTA
IRTA
IRTA
UniversidadAndaluca
IRTA
YaleUniversity
UniversidaddelaRepblica
MGAP
MGAP
David
Deborah
cbieberach@idiap.gob.pa
Jorge.Meza@fao.org
recnat@agr.una.py
dircif@agr.una.py
guaira2@gmail.com
Gabinete.infona@gmail.com
Infona.py@gmail.com
planificacion.infona@gmail.com
presidencia@infona.gov.py
edurand@minam.gob.pe
m.menton@cgiar.org
carla.ramirez@fao.org
rvergara@minag.gob.pe
racero@minag.gob.pe
diegoforestal@gmail.com
croman@catie.ac.cr
xavier.aranda@irta.cat
carmen.biel@irta.cat
felicidad.DeHarralde@irta.cat
Josep.Espelta@uab.cat
Robert.Save@irta.cat
john@climatecompatiblesuriname.com
florencia.montagnini@yale.edu
gmoras@fagro.edu.uy
lsantos@cambioclimatico.gub.uy
dforestal@mgap.gub.uy
psoust@mgap.gub.uy
dbclark50@yahoo.com
deborahhanneclark@gmail.com
53|
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Venezuela
54|
Hall
Notman
Scott
Wayson
Westfall
Cataln
Arboleda
Baules
Bedoya
Belteton
Bodart
Cabrera
Caicedo
Caldern
Duque
Escalante
Fortuna
Gonzlez
Herrera
Kapos
Lennox
Lisbey
Mann
Mayorga
MoralesAscarrunz
Narloch
ParraAguiar
Pineda
Porro
Jefferson
Evan
Charles(Chip)
Craig
James
A.
Mara Ofelia
Alexis
Nohelia
Csar
Catherine
Nicanor
JuanFernando
Asdrbal
lvaro
AlexEvan
Serena
LuisMarco
Alejandrina
Valerie
Julie
Carmen
Damiana
Guillermo
MaraCarla
Ulf
ngelMara
Irina
Roberto
SmithsonianInstitution
USAID
USFS
Silvacarbon
USFS
MinisteriodeAmbiente
CATIEalumni
UNDP
Consultant Fusttal,S.A.
FAO
Chiquita
FAO
FAO
UNEP
CEPAL
GIZ
CATIEstudent
UNEP
ICRAF
hallje@si.edu
enotman@usaid.gov
ctscott@fs.fed.us
cwayson.silvacarbon@gmail.com
jameswestfall@fs.fed.us
acatalan@minamb.gob.ve
mariaofeliaarboleda@yahoo.es
alexis.baules@undp.org.pa
nbedoya49@hotmail.com
cesarbelte@gmail.com
Catherine.Bodart@fao.org
ncabrera@chiquita.com
juanfernandocaicedo@gmail.com
asdrubal.calderon@fao.org
ajduque09@gmail.com
alex_forestry@yahoo.com
Serena.Fortuna@fao.org
luisomargonzales@gmail.com
alejandjes@yahoo.com
val.kapos@unepwcmc.org
julie.lennox@cepal.org
carmenlisbey@yahoo.com
dami.mann@gmail.com
guillermo.mayorga@giz.de
mmorales@catie.ac.cr
Ulf.Narloch@unepwcmc.org
aparraaguiar@gmail.com
ihpa11@yahoo.com
R.PORRO@CGIAR.ORG
Rivas
RodrguezVillasuso
Ruiz
Sevilla
Silba
Vallejo
White
Zapata
Carlos
Jorge
Mara
Reyna
Cynthia
Claudia
Douglas
SICA
FAO
crivas@sica.int
jvillasuso@yahoo.com
Maria.Ruiz@fao.org
sevillamidence@yahoo.es
silvacynthia@yahoo.com
claudiafvallejo@gmail.com
dwhite.r4dc@gmail.com
jbzapata@amnettgu.com
gemio_tp@hotmail.com
jgrijalva55@hotmail.com
Jtsuazo2@gmail.com
larrieumirta@gmail.com
soli217@hotmail.com
55|
Appendix2.Listoflocationcodesandnames
LocationCode
500
502
504
505
506
507
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
525
526
527
528
530
532
533
534
535
536
537
539
540
541
542
543
545
546
548
549
550
551
552
553
555
556
557
558
559
560
LocationName
CerroGuazu
ReservenearLakeYojoa
Cachipo,Managas
Manaus
NortheasternNicaragua
NationalForestAlejandroVonHumboldt,Pucalpa
PistedeSaintElie
SantiagodelEstero
Colchagua
LaSuiza
Uaxactun
RioChanchich
Sur
Patagonia
Bariloche
RegionVI
RioNegro
Misiones
Chubut
Chile
Colombia
MunicipalityofSerraTalhada
UveritoMongas
CaparinoBarinas
SanMartin
Para
BarroColorado
Brazil
StaLuz
NortheastBrazil
Sarapiqui
SanRamon,Matagalpa
LasMesasdeMoropotente
Livingston
FrenchGuiana
Venezuela
RiodeJaneiro
LaSelvaBiologicalStation
Nhecolandia
Porce
Parana
Heredia
Cauca
Caqueta
FloodAmazon
Siquinala
DistrictofCaroalina,Pernambuco
ReservanaturaldeCachalu,Santander
ReservanaturalEncenillo,Cundinamarca
ReservaForestalSerraniadeSanLucas
Country
Paraguay
Honduras
Venezuela
Brazil
Nicaragua
Peru
FrenchGuiana
Argentina
Chile
CostaRica
Guatemala
Guatemala
Chile
Argentina
Argentina
Chile
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
Brazil
Venezuela
Venezuela
Peru
Brazil
Panama
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
CostaRica
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Guatemala
FrenchGuiana
Venezuela
Brazil
CostaRica
Brazil
Colombia
Brazil
CostaRica
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Guatemala
Brazil
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
|56
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
MinasGerais
DepartamentodePiura
AraracuaraFloodplain
Cajamarca
Cajabamba
SanJosedeCusmapa
SanPedrodelpotreroGrande
SoutwestofEsteli
NorthwestofLeon
Madriz
NuevaSegovia
NorthernborderwithHonduras
WestborderwithHonduras
OrienteRioMacareli
QuebradalosTerrerios
RioArenaldeYauli
QuebradalaAmerica
RioMurra
RioJicaro
Tacana
SanJoseOjetenam
Cuilco
Tectitan
NorthwesternMatoGrosso
SouthernPara
PiuraUniversityCampus
PiuraUniversityCampus
Guatemala
Peru
Curvelo,MinasGerais
AraracuaraWhiteSands
AraracuaraOldTerrace
CarareOpon
RioMelcocho
SanCarlosdeRioNegro
Capirocolinas
BajoCalima
Piedecuesta,Santander
SantaHelena
Tona
SanVicente
Drycaribean
TeltecaReserve
DepartamentodeCordoba
CentralAmazonia
Petrolina
Puntarenas
ProvinciaLinares
Maule
uble
Concepcion
BioBio
Arauco
Malleco
Brazil
Peru
Colombia
Peru
Peru
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Brazil
Brazil
Peru
Peru
Guatemala
Peru
Brazil
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Argentina
Colombia
Brazil
Brazil
CostaRica
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
57|
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
652
653
654
655
657
658
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
58|
CorregimientodeSolano
Guapiles
TapajosNationalPark
SerradoMarStatePark
SerradaBocainaNationalPark
Salta
Quindio
ValledelCauca
Esparza
Matiguas
Aconcagua
Valparaiso
Santiago
OHiggins
Colchagua
Curico
Talca
Valdivia
Osorno
Llanquigue
LaPantera
MatoGrosso
TomeAcu,Para
Jari,Para
Belem
Rondonia
Llanossecondary
Llanosoldgrowth
Araracuara
SanCarlos
Cayenne
Sinnamary
Iracoubo
Kabo
Yeguada
Apostoles
EstacionForestal.ManuelBelgrano(SanAntonio)
LagoMoquehue
MonteQuemado
Chaco
DepartamentoColon
DepartamentoConcordia
DepartamentoFederacion
ParquePereyraIraola
SouthedgeofLakeGeneralVintter
CerroColorado
RioTurbio
ValledelRiodeLasVueltas
CuartelForestalBombilla
Ituzaingo
PuertoEsperanza
DepartamentoIguazu
FaldeosdelassierrasdelAconquija(Famailla).
SanCarlosdeBariloche
Colombia
CostaRica
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Argentina
Colombia
Colombia
CostaRica
Nicaragua
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Mexico
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Venezuela
Venezuela
Colombia
Venezuela
FrenchGuiana
FrenchGuiana
FrenchGuiana
Suriname
Panama
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
682
683
685
686
687
688
689
690
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
703
707
708
709
710
714
715
716
717
720
722
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
Corcovado
DepartamentodeAlumine
Caribbeanregion
Caribbeanregion
Cocais
RioDoce
Sabinopolis
SantaBarbara
Virginopolis
MunicipalityofSertania
SoGabrieldaCachoeira
DeltaBonaerense
ElFoyel
ElCoihue
CuestadelosTerneros
LomadelMedio
LasGolondrinas
CerroRadal
CentralValley
PanamaCanalWatershed
Fallawatra,Paramaribo
Nassau,Paramaribo
Kabalebo,Paramaribo
RegionAtlantica
SanFelipe
Itamaraca,Pernambuco
Severallocations
unknown
IgarapedoVinagre
Illapel,Choapa
ComunadeMariaPinto,ProvinciaMelipilla
Paragominas
CentralValley,Drysands,lowfertilizationtreatment
CentralValley,Redclay,lowfertilizationtreatment
CentralValley,RecentVolcanic,lowfertilizationtreatment
Amazonas
unknown
CuruaUna
Kilometer41,Manaus
unknown
NouraguesResearchStation
SanCarlosdeRioNegro
CochaCashu
CentralValley,Drysands,medium&highfertilizationtreatment
CentralValley,Redclay,medium&highfertilizationtreatment
CentralValley,RecentVolcanic,mediumfertilizationtreatment
CentralValley,Drysands,low,medium&highfertilization
Central Valley, Red clay, low, medium & high fertilization
treatment
Argentina
Argentina
CostaRica
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Chile
Panama
Suriname
Suriname
Suriname
CostaRica
Colombia
Brazil
unknown
unknown
Brazil
Chile
Chile
Brazil
Chile
Chile
Chile
Brazil
Panama
unknown
Brazil
Brazil
Venezuela
FrenchGuiana
Venezuela
Peru
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
Chile
59|
Appendix3.Listspeciescodes
SpeciesCode
500
501
502
504
505
506
508
509
510
514
515
516
517
518
520
521
522
523
525
526
529
533
534
536
537
538
548
549
550
552
553
554
557
559
560
561
562
566
567
572
574
575
576
577
578
581
582
583
584
585
586
60|
Genus
Eriotheca
Bombax
Pachira
Ceiba
Aspidosperma
Pinus
Pinus
Eucalyptus
Pinus
Spondias
Clarisia
Brosimum
Brosimum
Swartzia
Pterocarpus
Virola
Virola
Iryanthera
Virola
Copaifera
Hura
Hevea
Perebea
Perebea
Matisia
Matisia
Eschweilera
Eschweilera
Lecythis
Eschweilera
Chorisia
Ceiba
Swietenia
Cedrela
Simaruba
Cedrela
Trichilia
Guarea
Guarea
Myroxylon
Myroxylon
Pouteria
Manilkara
Aspidosperma
Brosimum
Virola
Dialium
Pentaclethra
Terminalia
Tetragastris
Vochysia
Species
globosa
munguuba
aquatica
pentandra
polyneuron
caribaea
sp.
globulus
oocarpa
mombin
racemosa
rubescens
uleanun
polyphylla
vernalis
surinamensis
pavonis
laevis
flexuosa
officinalis
crepitans
sp.
sp
chimicua
cordata
bicolor
sp.
timbuchensis
peruviana
equitoensis
insignis
samauma
macrophylla
odorata
amara
fissilis
sp.
trichilioides
macrophylla
balsamum
peruiferum
sp.
bidentata
varguessi
alicastrum
koschnyi
guianense
macroloba
oblonga
panamensis
ferruginea
SpeciesName
Eriothecaglobosa
Bombaxmunguuba
Pachiraaquatica
Ceibapentandra
Aspidospermapolyneuron
Pinuscaribaea
Pinussp.
Eucalyptusglobulus
Pinusoocarpa
Spondiasmombin
Clarisiaracemosa
Brosimumrubescens
Brosimumuleanun
Swartziapolyphylla
Pterocarpusvernalis
Virolasurinamensis
Virolapavonis
Iryantheralaevis
Virolaflexuosa
Copaiferaofficinalis
Huracrepitans
Heveasp.
Perebeasp
Perebeachimicua
Matisiacordata
Matisiabicolor
Eschweilerasp.
Eschweileratimbuchensis
Lecythisperuviana
Eschweileraequitoensis
Chorisiainsignis
Ceibasamauma
Swieteniamacrophylla
Cedrelaodorata
Simarubaamara
Cedrelafissilis
Trichiliasp.
Guareatrichilioides
Guareamacrophylla
Myroxylonbalsamum
Myroxylonperuiferum
Pouteriasp.
Manilkarabidentata
Aspidospermavarguessi
Brosimumalicastrum
Virolakoschnyi
Dialiumguianense
Pentaclethramacroloba
Terminaliaoblonga
Tetragastrispanamensis
Vochysiaferruginea
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
607
608
609
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
639
640
641
642
644
Vochysia
Pterocarpus
Dipteryx
Saccoglottis
Mirandaceltis
Rhizophora
Bellucia
Goupia
Laetia
Vismia
Vismia
Croton
Cecropia
unknown
Acacia
unknown
unknown
unknown
Psidium
Calophyllum
Cybistax
Vochysia
Pinus
Pinus
Coffea
Quercus
Buddleia
Alnus
Eucalyptus
Quercus
Weinmannia
Bejaria
Cavendishia
Clethra
Diplostephium
Drymis
Hesperomeles
Macleanea
Myrsine
Vallea
Viola
Compsoneura
Clusia
Faramea
Blakea
Clusia
Billia
Aniba
Sterigmapetalum
Alfaroa
Eucaliptus
Prosopis
Pinus
Virola
hondurensis
hayessi
oleifera
trichogyna
monoica
harrisonii
sp.
glabra
procera
cayennensis
japurensis
matourensis
sciadophylla
unknown
pennatula
unknown
unknown
unknown
guajava
brasiliense
donnellsmithii
guatemalensis
maximoi
caribaeavar.hondurensis
sp.
sp.
megalocephala
sp.
camaldulensis
humboldtii
tomentosa
resinosa
cordifolia
fimbriata
rosmarinifolium
granatensis
goudotiana
rupestris
dependens
stipularis
macrocarpa
rigidifolia
cruciata
flavicans
granatensis
shomburgkiana
rosea
cinnamomiflora
tachirensis
colombiana
microcorys
pallida
insigne
sebifera
Vochysiahondurensis
Pterocarpushayessi
Dipteryxoleifera
Saccoglottistrichogyna
Mirandaceltismonoica
Rhizophoraharrisonii
Belluciasp.
Goupiaglabra
Laetiaprocera
Vismiacayennensis
Vismiajapurensis
Crotonmatourensis
Cecropiasciadophylla
Aguacatillo
Acaciapennatula
Coloradito
Hichoso
Maria
Psidiumguajava
Calophyllumbrasiliense
Cybistaxdonnellsmithii
Vochysiaguatemalensis
Pinusmaximoi
Pinuscaribaeavar.hondurensis
Coffeasp.
Quercussp.
Buddleiamegalocephala
Alnussp.
Eucalyptuscamaldulensis
Quercushumboldtii
Weinmanniatomentosa
Bejariaresinosa
Cavendishiacordifolia
Clethrafimbriata
Diplostephiumrosmarinifolium
Drymisgranatensis
Hesperomelesgoudotiana
Macleanearupestris
Myrsinedependens
Valleastipularis
Violamacrocarpa
Compsoneurarigidifolia
Clusiacruciata
Farameaflavicans
Blakeagranatensis
Clusiashomburgkiana
Billiarosea
Anibacinnamomiflora
Sterigmapetalumtachirensis
Alfaroacolombiana
Eucaliptusmicrocorys
Prosopispallida
Pinusinsigne
Virolasebifera
61|
646
649
650
653
654
655
656
658
659
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
671
672
676
677
678
679
680
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
700
701
702
703
710
713
716
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
62|
Carapa
Hymenaea
Terminalia
Symphonia
Vatairea
Hyeronima
Brosimum
Pithecellobium
Astronium
unknown
Pinus
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Lonchocarpus
Lysiloma
Machaerium
Machaerium
Machaerium
Machaerium
Machaerium
Machaerium
Virola
Clitoria
Dicorynia
Manikara
Vouacapoua
Rourea
Davilla
Securidaca
Memora
Pseudoconnarus
Leucocalantha
Strychnos
Oenocarpus
Quillaza
Peumus
Acacia
Pinus
Pinus
Austrocedrus
Araucaria
Azadirachta
Gmelina
Eucalyptus
Tectona
Aspidosperma
Croton
Jatropha
Caesalpinia
Maytenus
Mimosa
nicaraguensis
courbaril
amazonia
globulifera
lundellii
alchorneoides
costaricanum
arboreum
graveolens
unknown
pseudostrobus
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
castilloi
sp.
hoehneanum
madeirensis
castaneiflorum
caudatum
ferox
amplum
melinonii
leptostachya
guianensis
bidentata
americana
cuspidata
rugosa
rivinaefolia
adenophera
rhynchosioides
aromatica
subcordata
bataua
saponaria
boldus
saligna
radiata
ponderosa
chilensis
angustifolia
indica
arborea
urophylla
grandis
pyrifolium
sonderianus
mollissima
pyramidalis
rigida
hostilis
Carapanicaraguensis
Hymenaeacourbaril
Terminaliaamazonia
Symphoniaglobulifera
Vatairealundellii
Hyeronimaalchorneoides
Brosimumcostaricanum
Pithecellobiumarboreum
Astroniumgraveolens
Allotherspecies
Pinuspseudostrobus
Roble
Robleamarillo
Roblenegro
Robleencino
Guayavillo
Lonchocarpuscastilloi
Lysilomasp.
Machaeriumhoehneanum
Machaeriummadeirensis
Machaeriumcastaneiflorum
Machaeriumcaudatum
Machaeriumferox
Machaeriumamplum
Virolamelinonii
Clitorialeptostachya
Dicoryniaguianensis
Manikarabidentata
Vouacapouaamericana
Roureacuspidata
Davillarugosa
Securidacarivinaefolia
Memoraadenophera
Pseudoconnarusrhynchosioides
Leucocalanthaaromatica
Strychnossubcordata
Oenocarpusbataua
Quillazasaponaria
Peumusboldus
Acaciasaligna
Pinusradiata
Pinusponderosa
Austrocedruschilensis
Araucariaangustifolia
Azadirachtaindica
Gmelinaarborea
Eucalyptusurophylla
Tectonagrandis
Aspidospermapyrifolium
Crotonsonderianus
Jatrophamollissima
Caesalpiniapyramidalis
Maytenusrigida
Mimosahostilis
726
727
728
729
734
738
739
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
752
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
794
Anadenanthera
Myracrodruon
Schopsis
Cereus
Dipteryx
Ocotea
Ocotea
Inga
Inga
Cordia
Cecropia
Vismia
Avicennia
Rhizophora
Laguncularia
Clusia
Euterpe
Diptychandra
Protium
Magonia
Terminalia
Licania
Pinus
Acacia
Bactris
Coffea
Acosmium
Astronium
Byrsonima
Curatella
Eriotheca
Erythroxylum
Lafoensia
Piptocarpha
Plathymenia
Pouteria
Pterodon
Qualea
Qualea
Sclerolobium
Solanum
Inga
Pseudolmedia
unknown
Tapirira
unknown
Dussia
Prosopis
Virola
unknown
unknown
unknown
Cedrelinga
Olmediaperebea
macrocarpa
urundeuva
glabra
jamacaru
panamensis
glomerata
petalanthera
punctata
tonduzzi
alliodora
sp.
guianensis
schaueriana
mangle
racemosa
hilariana
oleracea
aurantiaca
heptaphyllum
pubescens
argentea
minutiflora
taeda
mangium
gasipaes
arabica
sp.
fraxinifolium
coccolobifolia
americana
gracilipes
suberosum
pacari
rotundifolia
reticulata
torta
emarginatus
grandiflora
parviflora
sp.
sp.
sp.
laevigata
unknown
guianensis
unknown
sp.
flexuosa
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
catenaeformis
sp.
Anadenantheramacrocarpa
Myracrodruonurundeuva
Schopsisglabra
Cereusjamacaru
Dipteryxpanamensis
Ocoteaglomerata
Ocoteapetalanthera
Ingapunctata
Ingatonduzzi
Cordiaalliodora
Cecropiasp.
Vismiaguianensis
Avicenniaschaueriana
Rhizophoramangle
Lagunculariaracemosa
Clusiahilariana
Euterpeoleracea
Diptychandraaurantiaca
Protiumheptaphyllum
Magoniapubescens
Terminaliaargentea
Licaniaminutiflora
Pinustaeda
Acaciamangium
Bactrisgasipaes
Coffeaarabica
Acosmiumsp.
Astroniumfraxinifolium
Byrsonimacoccolobifolia
Curatellaamericana
Eriothecagracilipes
Erythroxylumsuberosum
Lafoensiapacari
Piptocarpharotundifolia
Plathymeniareticulata
Pouteriatorta
Pterodonemarginatus
Qualeagrandiflora
Qualeaparviflora
Sclerolobiumsp.
Solanumsp.
Ingasp.
Pseudolmedialaevigata
Broadleafspecies
Tapiriraguianensis
Generalforestequation
Dussiasp.
Prosopisflexuosa
Virolasp.
unknownunknown
Aguasco
Cacho
Cedrelingacatenaeformis
Olmediaperebeasp.
63|
795
796
798
801
802
803
804
805
807
808
809
810
811
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
839
841
843
844
849
850
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
861
862
863
864
64|
Guarea
Erisma
Sterculia
Qualea
unknown
unknown
Apeiba
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Capirona
Nectandra
Protium
Iryanthera
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Inga
Carapa
Stryphnodendron
Bauhinia
Bauhinia
Acacia
Mimosa
Mimosa
Senna
Memora
Pleonotoma
Derris
Derris
Amburana
Cariniana
Pouteria
Clathrotropis
Ormosia
Xylopiaaff
Caryocar
Brosimun
Gustavia
Calophyllum
Basiloxylon
Jacaranda
Xylopia
Guatteria
Hyeronima
Dacryodes
Humiriastrum
Hymenea
Protium
sp.
sp.
rugosa
sp.
unknown
unknown
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
sp.
sagotianum
juruensis
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
coruscans
guianensis
microstachyum
alata
guianensis
multipinnata
guilandinae
spruceana
tapajozensis
moringifolia
jasminifolia
negrensis
amazonica
cearensis
pyriformis
pedicellosa
brachypetala
paraensis
emarginata
amygdaliferum
potabile
brasilensis
mariae
excelsum
copaia
sp.
sp.
sp.
colombiana
colombianum
courbaril
neglectum
Guareasp.
Erismasp.
Sterculiarugosa
Qualeasp.
Balato
Bollopuerco
Apeibasp.
Diablo
Mantequilla
Mochilero
Mollejo
Paloarco
Capironasp.
Nectandrasp.
Protiumsagotianum
Iryantherajuruensis
Cacao
Nabueno
Lacre
Totumo
Varasanta
Cenizo
Ingacoruscans
Carapaguianensis
Stryphnodendronmicrostachyum
Bauhiniaalata
Bauhiniaguianensis
Acaciamultipinnata
Mimosaguilandinae
Mimosa spruceana
Sennatapajozensis
Memoramoringifolia
Pleonotomajasminifolia
Derrisnegrensis
Derrisamazonica
Amburanacearensis
Carinianapyriformis
Pouteriapedicellosa
Clathrotropisbrachypetala
Ormosiaparaensis
Xylopiaaffemarginata
Caryocaramygdaliferum
Brosimunpotabile
Gustaviabrasilensis
Calophyllummariae
Basiloxylonexcelsum
Jacarandacopaia
Xylopiasp.
Guatteriasp.
Hyeronimasp.
Dacryodescolombiana
Humiriastrumcolombianum
Hymeneacourbaril
Protiumneglectum
865
868
869
871
872
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
882
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
892
894
895
896
897
899
900
901
903
904
905
906
907
908
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
918
919
920
922
923
924
925
927
929
930
931
932
934
Copaifera
Aspidosperma
Prioria
Bombacopsis
Couratari
Lecithys
Aniba
Podocarpus
Centrolobium
Tabebuia
Piptadenia
Vataireopsis
Couma
Cespedecia
Coumarouma
unknown
Hyeronima
unknown
Huberodendron
unknown
Pourouma
unknown
Apeiba
Matayba
Guazuma
Bursera
Guopia
unknown
unknown
unknown
Enterolobium
Peltogyne
Brosimum
Sterculia
Sterculia
unknown
Ochroma
unknown
Xilosma
Crudia
Aspidosperma
unknown
Terminalia
Ficus
Rheedia
Luehea
Iryanthera
Didymopanax
Crescentia
unknown
unknown
unknown
Bixa
unknown
canime
megalocarpum
copaifera
quinata
guianensis
sp.
perutilis
sp.
paraense
guayacan
rigida
spp.
macrocarpa
macrophylla
sp.
unknown
chocoensis
unknown
patinoi
unknown
apiculata
unknown
aspera
trianae
ulmifolia
simaruba
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
pubescens
utile
caribaea
sp.
unknown
lagopus
unknown
sp.
sp.
curranii
unknown
sp.
sp.
sp.
seemannii
ulei
morototoni
cujeta
unknown
unknown
unknown
orellana
unknown
Copaiferacanime
Aspidospermamegalocarpum
Prioriacopaifera
Bombacopsisquinata
Couratariguianensis
Lecithyssp.
Anibaperutilis
Podocarpussp.
Centrolobiumparaense
Tabebuiaguayacan
Piptadeniarigida
Vataireopsisspp.
Coumamacrocarpa
Cespedeciamacrophylla
Coumaroumasp.
Balsamo
Hyeronimachocoensis
Cariseco
Huberodendronpatinoi
Cartageno
Pouroumaapiculata
Cope
Apeibaaspera
Mataybatrianae
Guazumaulmifolia
Burserasimaruba
Guopiasp.
Laureles
Mangle
Nispero
Enterolobiumsp.
Peltogynepubescens
Brosimumutile
Sterculiacaribaea
Sterculiasp.
Azafran
Ochromalagopus
Caballomuerto
Xilosmasp.
Crudiasp.
Aspidospermacurranii
Guascadulce
Terminaliasp.
Ficussp.
Rheediasp.
Lueheaseemannii
Iryantheraulei
Didymopanaxmorototoni
Crescentiacujeta
Abinge
Abrazapalo
Abrojo
Bixaorellana
Aguachento
65|
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
66|
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Annona
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Myrcia
Himatanthus
unknown
unknown
unknown
Ryania
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Parkia
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Sterculia
unknown
unknown
unknown
Vismia
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Simaba
Trichanthera
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Bellucia
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
articulata
unknown
unknown
unknown
speciosavar.chocoensis
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
pendula
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
apetala
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
cedron
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
grossularioides
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Algondoncillo
Almanegra
Amanzamoso
Amarrabollo
Annonasp.
Arara
Ardeverde
Ariza
Arracacho
Myrciasp.
Himatanthusarticulata
Azulejo
Babaternero
Bastimento
Ryaniaspeciosavar.chocoensis
Borrajo
Botoncillo
Cabildo
Cabofosforo
Cabohacha
Cacaodeindio
Cacaona
Parkiapendula
Cachohierro
Cadillo
Cafeto
Calientamano
Sterculiaapetala
Cambomba
Caafistulo
Caracolito
Vismiasp.
Carbon
Cargador
Carnegallina
Cascarillo
Caimito
Castao
Caucho
Caunce
Simabacedron
Trichantherasp.
Clarocaliente
Colador
Copachi
Coroncoro
Belluciagrossularioides
Costillo
Cucharo
Cuerosapo
Cuerotocino
Culohierro
Curauva
Chagualo
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
unknown
unknown
unknown
Licania
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Catostemma
Aparisthium
Matayba
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Zanthoxylon
Mutigia
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Miconia
unknown
Byrsonima
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Minquartia
unknown
unknown
unknown
platipus
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
alstonii
cordatum
scrobiculata
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
calabura
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
sp.
unknown
sp.
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
guianesis
Charro
Chicharron
Chiriguaco
Licaniaplatipus
Espadero
Espermo
Estoraque
Forastero
Frijolillo
Gallinazo
Gaspadillo
Catostemmaalstonii
Aparisthiumcordatum
Mataybascrobiculata
Indioviejo
Jaboncillo
Juanamestiza
Linaza
Zanthoxylonsp.
Mutigiacalabura
Malambo
Manteco
Manzano
Marfil
Mata
Matarraton
Melao
Martindoble
Mestizo
Miaodecaballo
Miguelcolorado
Monadillo
More
Morroco
Muerto
Mueco
Naranjo
Miconiasp.
Nipe
Byrsonimasp.
Orejamico
Palanco
Pandemono
Paragualo
Pastorejo
Patevaca
Pedrotomin
Pegapega
Peineto
Piedro
Pionoreja
Puerto
Punte
Minquartiaguianesis
67|
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1076
1077
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1099
2000
2001
2002
2003
2006
2016
68|
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Phithecelobium
Trema
unknown
Miconia
unknown
unknown
unknown
Aspidosperma
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Triplaris
unknown
unknown
unknown
Lunania
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Genipa
unknown
unknown
Coclospermum
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
Eschweilera
Couratari
Tachigalia
Coumarouma
Nectandra
Guatteria
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
longifolium
micrantha
unknown
escorpicides
unknown
unknown
unknown
dugandii
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
americana
unknown
unknown
unknown
piltieri
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
americana
unknown
unknown
vitifolia
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
odora
sp.
myrmecophylla
odorata
mollis
poeppigiana
unknown
Puntelanza
Quemayuca
Quinino
Raboiguana
Rabomani
Rango
Rapabardo
Rayopiedra
Rejaljar
Reijan
Sapote
Sietecueros
Suan
Phithecelobiumlongifolium
Tremamicrantha
Tabaida
Miconiaescorpicides
Tamborero
Timula
Tocino
Aspidospermadugandii
Tostao
Trapiche
Turmetoro
Ubrevaca
Varablanca
Varachina
Triplarisamericana
Valdivio
Yemahuevo
Yuco
Lunaniapiltieri
Yuyo
Zanquemuela
Zen
Garoero
Genipaamericana
Mague
Zorro
Coclospermumvitifolia
Barrigon
Peronico
Palmicho
Safiro
Cerillo
Lloron
Nogal
Eschweileraodora
Couratarisp.
Tachigaliamyrmecophylla
Coumaroumaodorata
Nectandramollis
Guatteriapoeppigiana
Amazonantropicaltrees
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
Mimosa
Fraxinus
Nothofagus
Eriotheca
Pinus
Cryptocaria
Abarema
Anacardium
Annona
Apeiba
Aspidosperma
Astronium
Bagassa
Batocarpus
Bixa
Bowdichia
Brosimum
Brosimum
Brosimum
Brosimum
Castilloa
Celtis
Cedrela
Cedrela
Astronium
Chrysophyllum
Cochlospermum
Conceveiba
Copaifera
Cordia
Cordia
Cordia
Croton
Diplotropis
Diplotropis
Drypetes
Ecclinusa
Eugenia
Fusaea
Guapira
Guarea
Guarea
Guarea
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
Apocynaceae
Arialaceae
Bignoniaceae
Bombacaceae
Boraginaceae
Burseraceae
Celastraceae
Dichapetalaceae
Eleaeocarpaceae
ophthalmocentra
americana
pumilio
pentaphylla
elliottii
mandiocanna
jupunba
giganteum
ambotay
echinata
spruceanum
lecointei
guianensis
amazonicus
arborea
nitida
acutifolium
gaudichaudii
guianense
lactescens
ulei
schippii
lilloi
balansae
urundeuva
sp.
orinocense
guianensis
multijuga
ecalyculata
sp.
sprucei
palanostigma
purpurea
triloba
variabilis
guianensis
anastomosans
longifolia
noxia
humaitensis
grandifolia
kunthiana
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
Mimosaophthalmocentra
Fraxinusamericana
Nothofaguspumilio
Eriothecapentaphylla
Pinuselliottii
Cryptocariamandiocanna
Abaremajupunba
Anacardiumgiganteum
Annonaambotay
Apeibaechinata
Aspidospermaspruceanum
Astroniumlecointei
Bagassaguianensis
Batocarpusamazonicus
Bixaarborea
Bowdichianitida
Brosimumacutifolium
Brosimumgaudichaudii
Brosimumguianense
Brosimumlactescens
Castilloaulei
Celtisschippii
Cedrelalilloi
Cedrelabalansae
Astroniumurundeuva
Chrysophyllumsp.
Cochlospermumorinocense
Conceveibaguianensis
Copaiferamultijuga
Cordiaecalyculata
Cordiasp.
Cordiasprucei
Crotonpalanostigma
Diplotropispurpurea
Diplotropistriloba
Drypetesvariabilis
Ecclinusaguianensis
Eugeniaanastomosans
Fusaealongifolia
Guapiranoxia
Guareahumaitensis
Guareagrandifolia
Guareakunthiana
Anacardiaceaespp.
Annonaceaespp.
Apocynaceaespp.
Arialaceaespp.
Bignoniaceaespp.
Bombacaceaespp.
Boraginaceaespp.
Burseraceaespp.
Celastraceaespp.
Dichapetalaceaespp.
Eleaeocarpaceaespp.
69|
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2105
2106
2107
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
70|
Euphorbiaceae
Flacourtiaceae
Guttiferaceae
Humeriaceae
Icacinaceae
Lauraceae
Lecythidaceae
Leguminosae
Loganiaceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Monimiaceae
Moraceae
Myristicaceae
Myrtaceae
Olacaceae
Polygonaceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Simaroubaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Ulmaceae
Violaceae
Vochysiaceae
Palmae
Dilleniaceae
Anacardium
Mimosa
Araucaria
Eucalyptus
Balizia
Protium
Protium
Pseudima
Pseudolmedia
Pseudolmedia
Pseudoxandra
Qualea
Quararibea
Rinoreocarpus
Sapium
Sarcaulus
Schefflera
Sclerolobium
Sclerolobium
Simarouba
Siparuna
Spondias
Machaerium
Protium
Abuta
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
spp.
excelsum
tenuiflora
araucana
grandis
elegans
sp.
tenuifolium
frutescens
laevis
macrophylla
obscurinervis
paraensis
ochrocalyx
ulei
glandulosum
sp.
morototoni
micropetalum
setiferum
amara
sp.
lutea
multifoliolatum
guianense
rufescens
Euphorbiaceaespp.
Flacourtiaceaespp.
Guttiferaceaespp.
Humeriaceaespp.
Icacinaceaespp.
Lauraceaespp.
Lecythidaceaespp.
Leguminosaespp.
Loganiaceaespp.
Melastomataceaespp.
Meliaceaespp.
Monimiaceaespp.
Moraceaespp.
Myristicaceaespp.
Myrtaceaespp.
Olacaceaespp.
Polygonaceaespp.
Rosaceaespp.
Rubiaceaespp.
Sapindaceaespp.
Sapotaceaespp.
Simaroubaceaespp.
Sterculiaceaespp.
Tiliaceaespp.
Ulmaceaespp.
Violaceaespp.
Vochysiaceaespp.
Palmaespp.
Dilleniaceaespp.
Anacardiumexcelsum
Mimosatenuiflora
Araucariaaraucana
Eucalyptusgrandis
Baliziaelegans
Protiumsp.
Protiumtenuifolium
Pseudimafrutescens
Pseudolmedialaevis
Pseudolmediamacrophylla
Pseudoxandraobscurinervis
Qualeaparaensis
Quararibeaochrocalyx
Rinoreocarpusulei
Sapiumglandulosum
Sarcaulussp.
Scheffleramorototoni
Sclerolobiummicropetalum
Sclerolobiumsetiferum
Simaroubaamara
Siparunasp.
Spondiaslutea
Machaeriummultifoliolatum
Protiumguianense
Abutarufescens
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2147
2148
2149
2165
2172
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
Swartzia
Tabebuia
Talisia
Tetragastris
Theobroma
Theobroma
Tocoyena
Torresia
Toulicia
Tovomita
Trattinnickia
Trichilia
Trichilia
Trichilia
Trichilia
Vantanea
Vantanea
Virola
Pouteria
Andira
Eucalyptus
Schinus
T.
A.
S.
S.
Larrea
Larrea
Mimozyganthus
A.
Bulnesia
A.
C.
L.
Parkinsonia
Geoffroea
Prosopis
A.
Condalia
Aspidosperma
Zizyphus
Adenophaedra
Alchornea
Alexa
Aniba
Bocageopsis
Bocageopsis
Bombacopis
Brosimum
Caraipa
Chamecrista
Duguetia
Duguetia
Endlicheria
tessmannii
sp.
cerasina
altissima
microcarpum
speciosum
sp.
acreana
guianensis
sp.
peruviana
rubra
guianensis
micrantha
quadrijuga
guianensis
sp.
venosa
glomerata
inermis
spp.
fasciculata
usillo
lampa
divaricata
aphyla
divaricata
cuneifolia
carinatus
gilliessi
retama
gratisima
pallida
ciliatum
praecox
decorticans
torquata
emarginata
microphylla
sp.
mistol
grandifolia
triplinervia
grandifolia
sp.
pleiosperma
sp.
macrocalyx
sp.
rodriguesii
negrensis
asterotricha
pycnastera
bracteata
Swartziatessmannii
Tabebuiasp.
Talisiacerasina
Tetragastrisaltissima
Theobromamicrocarpum
Theobromaspeciosum
Tocoyenasp.
Torresiaacreana
Touliciaguianensis
Tovomitasp.
Trattinnickiaperuviana
Trichiliarubra
Trichiliaguianensis
Trichiliamicrantha
Trichiliaquadrijuga
Vantaneaguianensis
Vantaneasp.
Virolavenosa
Pouteriaglomerata
Andirainermis
Eucalyptusspp.
Schinusfasciculata
T.usillo
A.lampa
S.divaricata
S.aphyla
Larreadivaricata
Larreacuneifolia
Mimozyganthuscarinatus
A.gilliessi
Bulnesiaretama
A.gratisima
C.pallida
L.ciliatum
Parkinsoniapraecox
Geoffroeadecorticans
Prosopistorquata
A.emarginata
Condaliamicrophylla
Aspidospermasp.
Zizyphusmistol
Adenophaedragrandifolia
Alchorneatriplinervia
Alexagrandifolia
Anibasp.
Bocageopsispleiosperma
Bocageopsissp.
Bombacopismacrocalyx
Brosimumsp.
Caraiparodriguesii
Chamecristanegrensis
Duguetiaasterotricha
Duguetia pycnastera
Endlicheriabracteata
71|
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2285
2286
72|
Erisma
Eschweilera
Heterostemon
Hevea
Hymenaea
Iryanthera
Iryanthera
Iryanthera
Licaria
Macrolobium
Micrandra
Micropholis
Ocotea
Protium
Rinorea
Schizolobiium
Scleronema
Sloanea
Swartzia
Swartzia
Swartzia
Swartzia
Swartzia
Swartzia
Swartzia
Unonopsis
Virola
Vitex
Populus
Pseudotsuga
Salix
Aspidosperma
Brosimopsis
Canaresco
Cecropia
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Cinamomum
Dinizia
Dipteryx
Enterolobium
Eschweilera
Euplassa
Fevillea
bicolor
rhodrodendrifolia
elipticus
guianensis
parvifolia
coriacea
lancifolia
paradoxa
matiniana
sp.
sp.
cylindricocarpa
nigrescens
paniculatum
guianensis
amazonicum
micranthum
sp.
cuspidata
panacoco
recurva
reticulata
sp.
sp.2
tomentifera
duckei
minutiflora
sprucei
deltoides
menziesii
babilonicavar.sacramenta
desmanthum
acutifolia
comumis
paraensis
excelsum
sericeum
sp.1
sp.2
sp.3
sp.4
sp.5
sp.6
sp.7
sp.8
sp.9
sp.10
zeylanicum
excelsa
odorata
schomburgkii
matamata
pinata
uncipetala
Erismabicolor
Eschweilerarhodrodendrifolia
Heterostemonelipticus
Heveaguianensis
Hymenaeaparvifolia
Iryantheracoriacea
Iryantheralancifolia
Iryantheraparadoxa
Licariamatiniana
Macrolobiumsp.
Micrandrasp.
Micropholiscylindricocarpa
Ocoteanigrescens
Protiumpaniculatum
Rinoreaguianensis
Schizolobiiumamazonicum
Scleronemamicranthum
Sloaneasp.
Swartziacuspidata
Swartziapanacoco
Swartziarecurva
Swartziareticulata
Swartziasp.
Swartziasp.2
Swartziatomentifera
Unonopsisduckei
Virolaminutiflora
Vitexsprucei
Populusdeltoides
Pseudotsugamenziesii
Salixbabilonicavar.sacramenta
Aspidospermadesmanthum
Brosimopsisacutifolia
Canarescocomumis
Cecropiaparaensis
Chrysophyllumexcelsum
Chrysophyllumsericeum
Chrysophyllumsp.1
Chrysophyllumsp.2
Chrysophyllumsp.3
Chrysophyllumsp.4
Chrysophyllumsp.5
Chrysophyllumsp.6
Chrysophyllumsp.7
Chrysophyllumsp.8
Chrysophyllumsp.9
Chrysophyllumsp.10
Cinamomumzeylanicum
Diniziaexcelsa
Dipteryxodorata
Enterolobiumschomburgkii
Eschweileramatamata
Euplassapinata
Fevilleauncipetala
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2354
2355
2356
2357
Hancornia
Hevea
Hymenolobium
Inga
Inga
Licania
Mabea
Manilkara
Micropholis
Ocotea
Ocotea
Ormosia
Parahancornia
Parinarium
Parinarium
Piper
Rheedia
Ryania
Saccoglotis
Sagotia
Sloanea
unknown
Terminalia
Thalia
Theobrama
Tryanthera
Vatairea
Ocotea
Ocotea
Xylopia
Miconia
Inga
Vismia
Trichospermum
Byrsonima
Pachira
Vismia
Annona
Conostegia
Apeiba
Cordia
Cochlospermum
Banara
Thevetia
Casearia
Cupania
Cupania
Miconia
Lacistema
Vernonanthura
Aspidosperma
Perebea
Licania
Swartzia
speciosa
brasiliensis
petraeum
fagifolia
marginata
heteromorpha
taquary
amazonica
paraensis
guianensis
neesiana
excelsa
amapa
barbatum
rodolphi
arthante
macrophylla
augustifolia
guianensis
racemosa
dentata
unknown
catappa
geniculata
subincanum
sagotiana
paraensis
wachenheimii
rubra
frutescens
argentea
cocleensis
macrophylla
galeottii
crassifolia
sessilis
baccifera
spraguei
xalapensis
tibourbou
bicolor
vitifolium
guianensis
ahouai
sylvestris
cinerea
scrobiculata
affinis
aggregatum
patens
sandwithianum
laurifolia
hupoleuca
benthamiana
Hancorniaspeciosa
Heveabrasiliensis
Hymenolobiumpetraeum
Ingafagifolia
Ingamarginata
Licaniaheteromorpha
Mabeataquary
Manilkaraamazonica
Micropholisparaensis
Ocoteaguianensis
Ocoteaneesiana
Ormosiaexcelsa
Parahancorniaamapa
Parinariumbarbatum
Parinariumrodolphi
Piperarthante
Rheediamacrophylla
Ryaniaaugustifolia
Saccoglotisguianensis
Sagotiaracemosa
Sloaneadentata
Lourotamaquare
Terminaliacatappa
Thaliageniculata
Theobramasubincanum
Tryantherasagotiana
Vataireaparaensis
Ocoteawachenheimii
Ocotearubra
Xylopiafrutescens
Miconiaargentea
Ingacocleensis
Vismiamacrophylla
Trichospermumgaleottii
Byrsonimacrassifolia
Pachirasessilis
Vismiabaccifera
Annonaspraguei
Conostegiaxalapensis
Apeibatibourbou
Cordiabicolor
Cochlospermumvitifolium
Banaraguianensis
Thevetiaahouai
Caseariasylvestris
Cupaniacinerea
Cupaniascrobiculata
Miconiaaffinis
Lacistemaaggregatum
Vernonanthurapatens
Aspidospermasandwithianum
Perebealaurifolia
Licaniahupoleuca
Swartziabenthamiana
73|
2358
2359
2360
2361
2363
2364
2366
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2458
2463
2464
2465
2467
2468
2469
2472
2474
2475
2476
2477
2479
2480
2481
2482
2484
2485
2486
2488
2490
2491
2501
2502
2503
2507
74|
Sclerolobium
Qualea
Carapa
Eschweilera
Mora
Eschweilera
Micropholis
Eperua
Eperua
Sterculia
Swartzia
Chaetocarpus
Couratari
Inga
Macrosamanea
Saceglottis
Caryocar
Amomyrtus
Dasyphyllum
Eucryphia
Drimys
Gevuina
Laureliopsis
Nothofagus
Nothofagus
Podocarpus
Saxegothaea
Weinmannia
Juglans
Strychnos
Stryphnodendron
unknown
Pinus
unknown
Vochysia
Paraqueiba
Micrandra
Mouriri
Virola
Xylopia
Iryanthera
Cedrelinga
Virola
Guatteria
unknown
unknown
Parkia
unknown
unknown
Pourouma
Ryania
unknown
unknown
Virola
albiflorum
albiflora
procera
longipes
gonggrijpii
amara
guianensis
falcata
grandiflora
pruriens
viridiflora
schomburgkianus
stellata
alba
pedicellaris
guianensis
glabrum
luma
diacanthoides
cordifolia
winteri
avellana
philippiana
dombeyi
nitida
nubigena
conspicua
trichosperma
olanchana
pseudoquina
adstringens
unknown
spp.
unknown
sp.
sericea
sprucei
uncitheca
guianensis
spruceana
sp.
sp.
calophilla
schomburgkiana
unknown
unknown
appositifolia
unknown
unknown
sp.
speciosa
unknown
unknown
bicuhyba
Sclerolobiumalbiflorum
Qualeaalbiflora
Carapaprocera
Eschweileralongipes
Moragonggrijpii
Eschweileraamara
Micropholisguianensis
Eperuafalcata
Eperuagrandiflora
Sterculiapruriens
Swartziaviridiflora
Chaetocarpusschomburgkianus
Courataristellata
Ingaalba
Macrosamaneapedicellaris
Saceglottisguianensis
Caryocarglabrum
Amomyrtusluma
Dasyphyllumdiacanthoides
Eucryphiacordifolia
Drimyswinteri
Gevuinaavellana
Laureliopsisphilippiana
Nothofagusdombeyi
Nothofagusnitida
Podocarpusnubigena
Saxegothaeaconspicua
Weinmanniatrichosperma
Juglansolanchana
Strychnospseudoquina
Stryphnodendronadstringens
Mulato
Conifers
Amarillo
Vochysiasp.
Paraqueibasericea
Micrandrasprucei
Mouririuncitheca
Virolaguianensis
Xylopiaspruceana
Iryantherasp.
Cedrelingasp.
Virolacalophilla
Guatteriaschomburgkiana
Cajeta
Cedrillo
Parkiaappositifolia
Polvillo
Guacimo
Pouroumasp.
Ryaniaspeciosa
Combo
Congo
Virolabicuhyba
2508
2510
2511
2512
2516
2517
2522
2526
2528
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2546
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2565
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2577
2579
2580
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
Sloanea
Ecclinusa
Licania
Chrysophyllum
unknown
Cyathea
Leucaena
unknown
unknown
Pinus
Phyllostylon
Piptadenia
Calycophyllum
Piptadenia
Patagonula
Cheiloclinium
Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum
Tabebuia
Eugenia
Pisonia
Schisnopsis
Zizyphus
Prosopis
Prosopis
Guarea
Guatteria
Guazuma
Gustavia
Heisteria
Hirtella
Hirtella
Hymenolobium
Inga
Inga
Iryanthera
Isertia
Maquira
Matayba
Metrodorea
Miconia
Mouriri
Ocotea
Ocotea
Ocotea
Parkia
Paypayrola
Poeppigia
Pourouma
Pourouma
Pouteria
Pouteria
Pouteria
Pouteria
guianensis
ramiflora
hoehnei
viride
unknown
spp.
leucocephala
unknown
unknown
occidentalis
rhamnoides
macrocarpa
multiflorum
excelsa
americana
cognatum
lucentifolium
prieurii
avellanedae
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
alba
nigra
trunciflora
citriodora
sp.
augusta
spruceana
racemosa
sp.
pulcherrimum
stipularis
thibaudiana
sagotiana
hypoleuca
sclerophylla
purgans
flavida
holosericea
duckeanoides
aciphylla
nitida
sp.
sp.
grandiflora
procera
tomentosa
minor
anomala
campanulata
cladantha
engleri
Sloaneaguianensis
Ecclinusaramiflora
Licaniahoehnei
Chrysophyllumviride
Palms
Treeferns
Leucaenaleucocephala
Riparianforest
Secondaryforest
Pinusoccidentalis
Phyllostylonrhamnoides
Piptadeniamacrocarpa
Calycophyllummultiflorum
Piptadeniaexcelsa
Patagonulaamericana
Cheilocliniumcognatum
Chrysophyllumlucentifolium
Chrysophyllumprieurii
Tabebuiaavellanedae
Eugeniasp.
Pisoniasp.
Schisnopsissp.
Zizyphussp.
Prosopisalba
Prosopisnigra
Guareatrunciflora
Guatteriacitriodora
Guazumasp.
Gustaviaaugusta
Heisteriaspruceana
Hirtellaracemosa
Hirtellasp.
Hymenolobiumpulcherrimum
Ingastipularis
Ingathibaudiana
Iryantherasagotiana
Isertiahypoleuca
Maquirasclerophylla
Mataybapurgans
Metrodoreaflavida
Miconiaholosericea
Mouririduckeanoides
Ocoteaaciphylla
Ocoteanitida
Ocoteasp.
Parkiasp.
Paypayrolagrandiflora
Poeppigiaprocera
Pouroumatomentosa
Pouroumaminor
Pouteriaanomala
Pouteriacampanulata
Pouteriacladantha
Pouteriaengleri
75|
2592
2594
2595
2596
2598
2600
2602
2606
2608
2610
2612
2614
2616
2617
2619
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
76|
Pouteria
Protium
Protium
Ocotea
Vismia
Astrocaryum
Alcornea
Ocotea
Eperua
Humeria
Vochysia
Monoterix
Dalbergia
Aspidosperma
Sterculia
Cayaponia
Coccoloba
Derris
Doliocarpus
Gnetum
Gnetum
Menispermaceae
Peritassa
Pseudoconnarus
Hymenolobium
Hymenolobium
Hymenolobium
Inga
Leonia
Lueheopsis
Maquira
Neea
Naucleopsis
Naucleopsis
Ocotea
reticulata
decandrum
spruceanum
opifera
lauriformis
sp.
sp.
esmeraldana
purpurea
balsamifera
obscura
uaucu
spp.
quebrachoblanco
excelsa
coriaceae
sp.
sp.
dentatus
nodiflorum
schackeanum
spp.
laevigata
macrophyllus
modestum
nitidum
sericeum
flagelliformis
glycycarpa
duckeana
calophylla
oppositifolia
caloneura
glabra
longifolia
Pouteriareticulata
Protiumdecandrum
Protiumspruceanum
Ocoteaopifera
Vismialauriformis
Astrocaryumsp.
Alcorneasp.
Ocoteaesmeraldana
Eperuapurpurea
Humeriabalsamifera
Vochysiaobscura
Monoterixuaucu
Dalbergiaspp.
Aspidospermaquebrachoblanco
Sterculiaexcelsa
Cayaponiacoriaceae
Coccolobasp.
Derrissp.
Doliocarpusdentatus
Gnetumnodiflorum
Gnetumschackeanum
Menispermaceaespp.
Peritassalaevigata
Pseudoconnarusmacrophyllus
Hymenolobiummodestum
Hymenolobiumnitidum
Hymenolobiumsericeum
Ingaflagelliformis
Leoniaglycycarpa
Lueheopsisduckeana
Maquiracalophylla
Neeaoppositifolia
Naucleopsiscaloneura
Naucleopsisglabra
Ocotealongifolia

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UN-REDD

Inventory of Volume and

Tropical dry forest

Subtropical wet forest

Subtropical dry forest

Tropical moist forest

Warm temperate moist forest

Warm temperate dry forest

Cool temperate moist forest

Cool temperate wet forest

Boreal rain forest

Subtropical rain forest

Subtropical thorn steppe

Tropical very dry forest

Boreal wet forest

Tropical desert bush

Boreal moist forest

Cool temperate steppe

Warm temperate wet forest

Warm temperate thorn steppe

Cool temperate desert bush

Cool temperate desert

Polar wet tundra

Subtropical moist forest

Warm temperate desert bush

Figure 4. Number of documents containing allometric equations published as peerreviewed manuscripts,

5. Gaps in assessing volume, biomass and carbon stocks in South and

Caldern Loor, M. & Lozada Velstegui, V. 2010. Determinacin De Biomasa Y Contenido De

Fundao de Pesquisas Florestais do Paran, BR. 1980. Determinao Da Produo Volumentrica

Lee Pinto, G. A. 2002. Estudio Preliminar Para La Estimacin De Biomasa Y Cuantificacin De

Rubilar, R.A.,Allen, H. L.,Alvarez,J. S.,Albaugh, T.J.,Fox,T. R.&Stape,J.L.2010.Silvicultural

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