Thiết kế bảo vệ chống sét cho trạm biến áp 220110kV và đường dây 220kV

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K THUT IN CAO P
MC LC
MC LC......................................................................................................................1
LI M U................................................................................................................2
CHNG 1. THIT K H THNG BO V CHNG ST CHO TRM BIN
P...................................................................................................................................3
1.1. M u................................................................................................................3
1.2. Cc yu cu k thut i vi h thng chng st nh thng.............................3
1.3. Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st v dy chng st................................................4
1.4. M t trm bin p cn bo v............................................................................9
1.5. Tnh ton cc phng n bo v chng st nh thng cho trm bin p.........10
1.6. So snh v tng kt phng n.........................................................................25
Chng 2. THIT K H THNG NI T............................................................26
2.1. M u..............................................................................................................26
2.2. Cc yu cu k thut..........................................................................................26
2.3. L thuyt tnh ton ni t................................................................................28
2.4. Tnh ton ni t an ton...................................................................................33
2.5. Ni t chng st...............................................................................................36
2.6. Kt lun.............................................................................................................47
CHNG 3. BO V CHNG ST NG DY................................................48
3.1. M u..............................................................................................................48
3.2. Ch tiu bo v chng st ng dy................................................................48
3.3. Tnh ton ch tiu bo v chng st ng dy.................................................51
CHNG 4. BO V CHNG ST TRUYN VO TRM BIN P T PHA
NG DY 220 KV................................................................................................76
4.1 Khi nim chung...............................................................................................76
4.2. Phng php tnh ton in p trn cch in ca thit b khi c sng truyn
vo trm....................................................................................................................77
4.3. Tnh ton khi c sng qu in p truyn vo trm..........................................82
4.4. Nhn xt............................................................................................................91
4.5. Tnh ton sng qu in p truyn vo trm bng ATP.....................................91
4.6. Kt qu tnh ton bng ATP.............................................................................100
TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................................106
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LI M U
L mt sinh vin ang hc tp v rn luyn ti trng i hc Bch Khoa
H Ni, em cm thy mt nim t ho v ng lc to ln cho s pht trin ca
bn thn trong tng lai. Sau nm nm hc i hc, di s ch bo, quan tm
ca cc thy c, s n lc ca bn thn, em thu c nhng bi hc rt b
ch, c tip cn cc kin thc khoa hc k thut tin tin phc v cho lnh
vc chuyn mn mnh theo ui. C th ni, nhng n mn hc, bi tp
ln hay nhng nghin cu khoa hc m mt sinh vin thc hin chnh l mt
cch th hin mc tip thu kin thc v vn dng s dy bo quan tm ca
thy c.
Chnh v vy em dnh thi gian v cng sc hon thnh n tt
nghip Thit k bo v chng st cho trm bin p 220/110kV v ng
dy 220kV ny nh mt c gng n p cng n ca thy c cng nh tng
kt li kin thc thu c sau mt qu trnh hc tp v rn luyn ti trng
i hc Bch Khoa.
Trong thi gian hc tp cng nh thi gian thc hin ti tt nghip em
lun nhn c s ch bo, ng vin tn tnh ca cc thy c, gia nh v cc
bn, c bit l s hng dn ca thy gio Trn Vn Tp gip em hon
thnh tt bn ny.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n TS. Trn Vn Tp v cc thy, cc
c cng ton th cc bn trong b mn H thng in.
Sinh vin
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CHNG 1. THIT K H THNG BO V CHNG

ST CHO TRM BIN P
1.1. M u
H thng in bao gm nh my in ng dy v trm bin p l mt
th thng nht. Trong trm bin p l mt phn t ht sc quan trng, n
thc hin nhim v truyn ti v phn phi in nng. Do khi cc thit b
ca trm b st nh trc tip th s dn n nhng hu qu rt nghim trng
khng nhng ch lm hng n cc thit b trong trm m cn c th dn n
vic ngng cung cp in ton b trong mt thi gian di lm nh hng n
vic sn sut in nng v cc ngnh kinh t quc dn khc. Do vic tnh
ton bo v chng st nh trc tip vo trm bin p t ngoi tri l rt
quan trng. Qua ta c th a ra nhng phng n bo v trm mt cch
an ton v kinh t. Nhm m bo ton b thit b trong trm c bo v an
ton chng st nh trc tip.
Ngoi vic bo v chng st nh trc tip vo cc thit b trong trm ta
cng phi ch n vic bo v cho cc on ng dy gn trm v on
y dn ni t x cui cng ca trm ra ct u tin ca ng dy.
Do ty tng trm c th m ta thit k h thng chng st ph hp v
p ng nhu cu k thut cng nh kinh t ca trm.
1.2. Cc yu cu k thut i vi h thng chng st nh thng

a) Tt c cc thit b bo v cn phi c nm trn trong phm vi an ton
ca h thng bo v. Tu thuc vo c im mt bng trm v cc cp in
p m h thng cc ct thu st c th c t trn cc cao c sn ca cng
trnh nh x, ct n chiu sng... hoc c t c lp.
- Khi t h thng ct thu st trn bn thn cng trnh, s tn dng c
cao vn c ca cng trnh nn s gim c cao ca h thng thu st.
Tuy nhin iu kin t h thng thu st trn cc cng trnh mang in l phi
m bo mc cch in cao v tr s in tr tn ca b phn ni t b.
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+ i vi trm bin p ngoi tri t 110 kV tr ln do c cch in cao

(khong cch cc thit b ln v di chui s ln) nn c th t ct thu
st trn cc kt cu ca trm. Tuy nhin cc tr ca kt cu trn c t ct
thu st th phi ni t vo h thng ni t ca trm phn phi. Theo ng
ngn nht v sao cho dng in is khuych tn vo t theo 3- 4 cc ni t.
Ngoi ra mi tr ca kt cu y phi c ni t b sung ci thin tr s
in tr ni t nhm m bo in tr khng qu 4.
+ Ni yu nht ca trm bin p ngoi tri in p 110 kV tr ln l cun
dy ca MBA. V vy khi dng chng st van bo v MBA th yu cu
khong cch gia hai im ni t vo h thng ni t ca h thng thu st
v v MBA theo ng in phi ln hn 15m.
- Khi t cch ly gia h thng thu st v cng trnh phi c khong cch
nht nh, nu khong cch ny qu b th s c phng in trong khng kh
v t
b) Phn dn in ca h thng thu st c phi c tit din ln m
bo tho mn iu kin n nh nhit khi c dng in st i qua.
1.3. Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st v dy chng st

1.3.1. Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st:
a) Phm vi bo v ca mt ct thu st c lp.
Phm vi bo v ca mt ct thu st l min c gii hn bi mt ngoi
ca hnh chp trn xoay c ng knh xc nh bi cng thc.
rx
1,6
( h hx )
hx
1
h
( 1 1)
Trong :
h: cao ct thu st
hx: cao vt cn bo v
h- hx= ha: cao hiu dng ct thu st
rx: bn knh ca phm vi bo v
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d dng v thun tin trong tnh ton thit k thng dng phm vi
bo v dng dng n gin ho vi ng sinh ca hnh chp c dng ng
gy khc c biu din nh hnh v 1.1 di y.
Bn knh bo v cc mc cao khc nhau c tnh ton theo cng thc
sau.
hx
)
0,8.h
2
3
+ Nu hx h th rx 1,5.h.(1
( 1 2)
h
h
2
3
- x ) ( 1 3)
+ Nu hx h th rx 0,75.h.(1
Ch :
a
0,2h
h
b
0,8h
c
a'
0,75h
1,5h
Hnh 1- 1: Phm vi bo v ca mt ct thu st.

Cc cng thc trn ch ng trong trng hp ct thu st cao di 30m.
Hiu qu ca ct thu st cao qu 30m c gim st do cao nh hng ca
st gi hng s. C th dng cc cng thc trn tnh phm vi bo v nhng
phi nhn vi h s hiu chnh p. Vi p
5,5
h
v trn hnh v dng cc honh
0,75hp v 1,5hp.
b) Phm vi bo v ca hai hay nhiu ct thu st.
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1. Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st kt

hp th ln hn nhiu so vi tng phm
vi bo v ca hai ct n. Nhng hai
ct thu st c th phi hp c th
khong cch a gia hai ct th phi tho
mn iu kin a < 7h (h l chiu cao ca
ct).
2. Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c
cng cao.
- Khi hai ct thu st c cng cao h t cch nhau khong cch a (a <
7h) th cao ln nht ca khu vc bo v gia hai ct thu st h o c tnh
nh sau:
ho h-
a
7
( 1 4)
S phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c chiu cao bng nhau.
0,2h
h
ho
0,75h
hx
1,5h
a
rx
r0x
Hnh 1- 2: Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st ging nhau.

Tnh rox:
h
2
x
+ Nu hx ho th rox 1,5ho (10,8h )
3
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( 1 5)
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K THUT IN CAO P
2
(1- x )
+ Nu hx ho th rox 0,75h
o
h
3
( 1 6)
Ch :
Khi cao ca ct thu st vt qu 30m th ngoi cc hiu chnh nh
trong phn ch ca mc 1 th cn phi tnh ho theo cng thc:
ho h -
a
7p
( 1 7)
c) Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c cao khc nhau.

Gi s c hai ct thu st: ct 1 c chiu cao h1, ct 2 c chiu cao h2 v
h1 > h2. Hai ct cch nhau mt khong l a.
Trc tin v phm vi bo v ca ct cao h 1, sau qua nh ct thp h 2
v ng thng ngang gp ng sinh ca phm vi bo v ca ct cao ti
im 3. im ny c xem l nh ca ct thu st gi nh, n s cng vi
ct thp h2, hnh thnh i ct cao bng nhau v bng h 2 vi khong cch
l a. Phn cn li ging phm vi bo v ca ct 1 vi a' a x
x
1,6(h1 h2 )
h
1 2
h1
( 1 8)
1
3
2
0,2h2
h2
1,6h2
h1
ho
0,75h2
a'
0,75h1
1,6h1
Hnh 1- 3: Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st khc nhau.

d) Phm vi bo v ca mt nhm ct ( s ct >2).
Mt nhm ct s hnh thnh 1 a gic v phm vi bo v c xc nh
bi ton b min a gic v phn gii hn bao ngoi ging nh ca tng i
ct
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rx
rx
rox
rox
a
c
rox
Hnh 1- 4: Phm vi bo v ca nhm ct.

Vt c cao hx nm trong a gic hnh thnh bi cc ct thu st s c
bo v nu tho mn iu kin:
D 8. ha = 8. (h - hx)
( 1 9)
Vi D l ng trn ngoi tip a gic hnh thnh bi cc ct thu st.

Ch : Khi cao ca ct ln hn 30m th iu kin bo v cn c
hiu chnh theo p.
D 8.ha. p= 8. (h - hx).p
( 1 10)
1.3.2. Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st:

a) Phm vi bo v ca mt dy thu st
Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st l mt di rng. Chiu rng ca phm vi
bo v ph thuc vo mc cao hx c biu din nh hnh v.
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K THUT IN CAO P
a
0,2h
b
0,8h
a'
c
0,6h
1,2h
2bx
Hnh 1- 5: Phm vi bo v ca mt day thu st.

Mt ct thng ng theo phng vung gc vi dy thu st tng t ct
thu st ta c cc honh 0,6h v 1,2h.
h
2
+ Nu hx ho th bx 1,2.h.(1- 0,8xh)
+ Nu
3
2
hx ho
3
th
h
bx 0,6.h.(1
- x)
h
( 1 - 11)
( 1 - 12)
Ch : Khi cao ca ct ln hn 30m th iu kin bo v cn c

hiu chnh theo p.
b) Phm vi bo v ca hai dy thu st.
phi hp bo v bng hai dy thu st th khong cch gia hai dy thu
st phi tho mn iu kin s < 4h.
Vi khong cch s trn th dy c th bo v c cc im c cao.
ho h -
h
4
( 1 13)
Phm vi bo v nh hnh v.
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K THUT IN CAO P
0,2h
h
ho
hx
0,6h
1,2h
bx
Hnh 1- 6: Phm vi bo v ca hai dy thu st.

Phn ngoi ca phm vi bo v ging ca mt dy cn phn bn trong
c gii hn bi vng cung i qua 3 im l hai im treo dy thu st v
im c cao ho h -
s
so vi t.
4
1.4. M t trm bin p cn bo v

- Trm bin p: Trm 220/110 kV.
+ Pha 220kV 6 l ng dy, s dng s 2 thanh gp c thanh
gp vng, c cp in t 2 my bin p (T3, T4) v 2 my bin p t ngu
(AT1, AT2)
+ Pha 110kV 8 l ng dy, s dng s 2 thanh gp c thanh
gp vng, c cp in t 2 my bin p t ngu (AT1, AT2)
- Tng din tch trm 555000 m2
- Vi trm 220 kV c din tch l: 34500 m 2. cao x cn bo v l
16m v 11 m.
- Vi trm 110 kV c din tch l: 19200 m2. cao x cn bo v l 11
v 8 m.
1.5. Tnh ton cc phng n bo v chng st nh thng cho trm

bin p
1. 5. 1. Phng n 1
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- Pha 220kV dng 12 ct 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11,12 trong ct 2,

3, 5, 6, 7, 8 c t trn x cao 16m; ct 9, 10,11,12 c t trn x cao
11m ct 1 c xy thm v ct 4 t trn nc nh iu khin cao 10m.
- Pha 110kV dng 9 ct 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 trong ct 16,
17, 18 c t trn x cao 8 m; ct 19, 20, 21, 22c t trn x cao 11 m
v ct 23, 24 c xy thm.
Vy:
- Chiu cao tnh ton bo v cho trm 220 kV l hx = 11 m v hx = 16 m
- Chiu cao tnh ton bo v cho trm 110 kV l hx = 8 m v hx = 11 m.
TRN TN ANH
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20
4
3
2
1
T4
6
5
16m
10
9
8m
Hnh 1-7: S b tr ct thu st

TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
Nha dieu khien
19
11
T3
12
18
13
AT1
11m
17
14
AT2
16
21
K THUT IN CAO P
15
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K THUT IN CAO P
3. Tnh ton cao hu ch ca ct thu li:

bo v c mt din tch gii hn bi tam gic hoc t gic no
th cao ct thu li phi tha mn:
D 8. ha hay ha
D
8
Trong
D: L ng knh vng trn ngoi tip tam gic hoc t gic.
ha: cao hu ch ca ct thu li.
-Phm vi bo v ca 2 hay nhiu ct bao gi cng ln hn phm vi bo
v ca 1 ct. iu kin hai ct thu li phi hp c vi nhau l a 7. h.
Trong : a Khong cch gia 2 ct thu st.
h Chiu cao ton b ct thu st.
4. Xt nhm ct 1-2-5-6 to thnh hnh ch
nht:
a1-2 = 64 m ;
a1-5 = 52,5 m
Nhm ct ny to thnh hnh ch nht c ng cho l:
D=
64 2 52,5
82,778
ha
Vy cao hu ch ca ct thu li
(m)
82,778
10,35
8
( m)
5. Xt nhm ct 12,13,8 to thnh hnh tam

gic
- p dng cng thc Pitago ta c
a= a12-13 = (30 20) 30 31,623 ( m)

b= a13-8= 47,5 30 58,181 ( m)
c= a12-8 =57,5 ( m)
2
- Na chu vi tam gic l:
p=
31,623 58,181 57,5

72,652
2
ng knh vng trn ngoi tip tam gic l:

a.b.c
D = 2. p.( p a ).( p b).( p c)

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( m)
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K THUT IN CAO P
31,623.56,181.57,5
59,219
2 72,652(72,652 31,623).(72,652 56,181)(72,652 57,5)
Vy cao hu ch ca ct thu li
ha
( m)
59,219
7,402 ( m)
8
Tnh ton tng t cho cc a gic cn li, kt qu tnh ton c trnh

by trong bng:
Bng 1-3. cao hu ch ca ct thu li
Chn cao tc dng cho ton trm bin p.

Sau khi tnh ton cao tc dng chung cho cc nhm ct thu st, ta chn
cao tc dng cho ton trm nh sau:
- Pha 220Kv c hmax =10,755 m nn ta chn ha = 11m.
- Pha 110kV c hmax =9,1 m nn ta chn ha = 10 m.
6. Tnh cao ca ct thu st.
h = ha + hx
- Pha 220 kV:
cao tc dng ha = 11m.
cao ln nht cn bo v hx = 16m.
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Do , cao cc ct thu st pha 220kV l:
h = ha + hx = 11+ 16 = 27 ( m).
- Pha 110kV:
cao tc dng ha = 10m.
cao ln nht cn bo v hx = 11m.
Do , cao cc ct thu st pha 110kV l:
h = ha + hx = 10+ 11 = 21 (m).
7. Bn knh bo v ca ct thu st cc
cao bo v tng ng:
Bn knh bo v ca cc ct 21m (cc ct N13 N22 pha 110kV)
- Bn knh bo v cao 11m.
h x 11m
Nn
rx 1,5.h ( 1
2
2
h .21 14
3
3
( m)
hx
11
) 1,5.21.(1
) 10,88( m)
0,8h
0,8.21

h x 11m
Nn
rx 1,5.h( 1
2
2
h .21 14
3
3
( m)
hx
8
) 1,5.21.(1
) 16,5( m)
0,8h
0,8.21

h x 11m
Nn
rx 1,5.h ( 1
2
2
h .27 18
3
3
( m)
hx
11
) 1,5.21.(1
) 19,875( m)
0,8h
0,8.27

h x 11m
Nn rx 1,5.h( 1
TRN TN ANH
2
2
h .27 18
3
3
( m)
hx
16
) 1,5.24.(1
) 10,5 ( m)
0,8h
0,8.27
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K THUT IN CAO P
8. Tnh phm vi bo v ca cc ct thu st.

* Xt cp ct 1-2 c:
a = 64 m h = 27 m
- cao ln nht ca khu vc bo v gia hai ct thu st l:
h0 h -
a
64
27
17,875
7
7
( m)
- Bn knh ca khu vc gia hai ct thu st l:

+ cao 16m:
h x 16m
Nn
rox 0,75h o (1 -
2
2
ho .17,875 11,905
3
3
( m)
hx
16
) 0,75.17,875.(1
) 1,393 ( m)
ho
17,875
+ cao 11m:
h x 11m
Nn
2
2
ho .17,875 11,905 ( m)
3
3
rox 1,5h o (1 -
hX
11
) 1,5.17,875.(1
) 6,161 ( m)
0,8.h0
0,8.17,875
* Xt cp ct 12,13 c cao khc nhau

c
30 2 10 2 31,623
( m) h12 27 ( m) h13 21 ( m)
2
3
V h13 21 h12 18 ( m). Do vy ta v ct gi nh 12 c cao 21m

cch ct 13 mt khong:
x
1,6(h12 h13 ) 1,6(27 21)
5,4
h13
21
( m)
1
1
27
h12
Vy khong cch t ct gi nh dn ct 13 l:
a ' a x 31,623 5,4 26,223
Phm vi bo v ca hai ct 12 v 13 l:
- cao ln nht ca khu vc bo v gia hai ct thu st l:
h0 h -
TRN TN ANH
a'
26,223
21
17,254
7
7
HT4-K48
( m)
( m)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
- Bn knh ca khu vc gia hai ct thu st l:

+ cao 11m
2
3
2
3
V h x 11m ho . 17,254 11,503 ( m)

Nn rox 1,5h o (1 -
hX
11
) 1,5.17, 254.(1
) 5, 256 ( m)
0,8.h0
0,8.17, 254
+ cao 8m
h x 8m
2
2
ho . 17,254 11,503 ( m)
3
3
Nn
rox 1,5h o (1 -
hX
8
) 1,5.17,254.(1
) 10,563 ( m)
0,8.h0
0,8.17,254
+ cao hx = 16 m
2
3
2
3
V h x 16m ho ...17,254 11,503 ( m)

Nn
rox 0,75h o (1 -
hx
16
) 0,75.17,11517 ,254(1
) 0,782( m)
ho
17,254
Tnh ton tng t cho cc cp ct cn li ta c bng:

Bng 1-4 Phm vi bo v ca cc cp ct thu st
a
(m)
h
(m)
ho
(m)
hx
(m)
rox
(m)
hx
(m)
rox
(m)
64
26
16,8571
16
0,64285
11
4,661
1-5;2-6;3-7;4-8;
35
26
21
16
3,75
11
10,87
5-9;6-10;7-1;8-12
13-14;14-15;16-17;
17-18;19-20;20-21
1318;14-17;15-16;
16-21;17-20;18-19
40
26
20,2857
16
3,21428
11
9,804
43
21
14,85714
11
2,892857
7,28
54
21
13,28571
11
1,714286
4,92
4--19
33,11
21
16,903
11
4,739
10,35
Cp ct
1-2;2-3;4-5;5-5;6-7;7-8;
9-10;10-11;11-12
TRN TN ANH
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4--19
TRN TN ANH
K THUT IN CAO P
33,11
21
16,903
HT4-K48
16
0,782
TRN TN ANH
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rox=2,62
rox=2,1
rx=10,5
10
T4
16m
rox=1,39
11
T3
4
12
AT1
rox=0,78
19
18
rox=0,94
13
rox=1,71
11m
20
17
14
AT2
rox=2,89
rox=10,875
21
16
15
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Hnh 1.4: Phm vi bo v ca cc ct thu st
1. 5. 2. Phng n 2
- Pha 220kV c treo 3 dy chng st A-95 di 192m chia lm 3 khong
di 64; khong cch gia hai dy S=35m v S= 40m nh hnh v.
- Pha 110kV dng 9 ct 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 v 25 trong ct
17, 18, 19 c t trn x cao 8 m; ct 20, 21, 22, 23 c t trn x cao 11
25
24
4
3 T3
2 T4
1
Nha dieu khien
23
8
7
6
5
22
10
11
12
13
11m
14
16m
15
16
17
AT1
21
18
11m
AT2
20
19
m v ct 25, 24 c xy thm.
Hnh 1- 8: S b tr ct v dy thu st
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
bo v ton b x trong trm th cao dy chng st tha mn:

h h0
S
40
16
26(m) .
4
4
a) vng ca dy.
9. Thng s ca dy A-95 theo thng s ca
Nga
10. ng sut cho php: cp = 21,7 kG/mm2
Mun n hi: E=20000 kG/mm2
6
H s dn n nhit: 12.10
1
C
Nhit ng vi trng thi bo: bo =25o C

Nhit ng vi trng thi min: min=5o C
Ti trng do trng lng gy ra: g1=8. 103kg/m,mm2
Ti trng do gi gy ra (p lc gi cp 3 vi v=30m/s):
Trong + Pv .C x .
+
0,7
g3
Pv
F
V2
.Fv l lc tc dng ca gi ln 1m dy
16
l h s khng u ca p lc gi
+ C x 1,2 l h s kh ng hc ca dy dn ph thuc vo
ng knh ca dy ( C x 1,2 khi d< 20 mm)
+ Fv 1.d .10 3 m: l din tch chn gi ca 1m dy
Vy
Fv
90
.10 3 10,7.10 3
Pv 0,7.1,2.
g3
( m)
30 2
.10,7.10 3 0,506
16
(kG/m)
0,506
5,32.103 (kG / m.mm 2 )
95
Ti trng tng hp:

g g12 g32 82 5,322 .103 9, 6.103 (kG / m.mm 2 )
Ta c:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
l gh cp .
21, 7.
24. .(bao min )

g 2 g12
12.23.106. (25 5)
309,5( m)
(9, 6.103 ) 2 (8.103 ) 2
Kim tra iu kin ta thy l 64m 309, 5m

11. Vi khong vt l = 64m.
Phng trnh trng thi ng vi min c dng:
3 A 2 B 0
A 0
21, 7
l12 .g12 .E
.E.( bao min )
24. 02
642.(9, 6.103 ) 2 .20000

12.106.20000.(25 5) 16, 23
2
24.21, 7
B
g 2 .E.l12 (9, 6.103 ) 2 .20000.642
315,12
24
24
Ta c phng trnh: 3 16, 23. 2 315,12 0

c nghim 17(kG / mm 2 )
f
vng:
g .l 2 9, 6.103.642
0, 23(m)
8.
8.17
cao ct treo dy thu st: h1 h f 26 0, 23 26, 23( m)

Vy chn cao treo dy thu st l 27 m.
b) Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st:
Tnh cho hai v tr cao nht v thp nht.
12. Ti v tr u ct:
Bo v cao 16m:
2
3
2
3
Do hx 16 h .27 18 nn
16
) 8,4.
0,8.27
( m)
11
) 15,9.
0,8.27
( m)
bx 1,2.27.(1
Bo v cao 11m:
2
3
2
3
Do hx 11 h .27 18 th
b x 1,2.27.(1
cao ln nht c bo v gia hai dy:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
+Vi S=35m:
h0 h
S
35
27
18,25 ( m)
4
4
+Vi S=40m:
h0 h
S
40
27
17 ( m)
4
4
13.
Ti v tr thp nht:
h ' h f 27 0, 23 26, 77(m)
Bo v cao 16m:
hx 16
V
Nn
bx 1,2.26,768.(1
2
2
h .26, 77 17,846 ( m)
3
3
16
) 8,122.
0,8.26,768
( m)
Bo v cao 11 m:
V
Nn
hx 11
2
2
h .26, 77 17,846 ( m)
3
3
b x 1,2.26,768.(1
11
) 15,622.
0,8.26,768
( m)
cao ln nht c bo v gia hai dy:

+ Vi S=35m:
h0 h '
S
35
26, 77
18, 02 ( m)
4
4
+ Vi S=40m:
h0 h '
S
40
26, 77
16, 77 ( m)
4
4
c) Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st:

14. cao cc ct thu st pha 220kV l:
27m
15. cao cc ct thu st pha 110kV: Do
cc nhm ct pha 110kV v 220/110kV
c b tr tng t phng n 1 nn
theo tnh ton phng n 1 ta chon
cao cc ct thu st pha 110kV 21m.
Tng t phng n 1 ta c:
16. Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st c lp:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P

2
3
2
3
- Bn knh bo v cao 11m. h x 11m h .21 14 ( m)

Nn
rx 1,5.h ( 1
hx
11
) 1,5.21.(1
) 10,88 ( m)
0,8h
0,8.21
2
3
2
3

Nn
rx 1,5.h( 1
hx
8
) 1,5.21.(1
) 16,5( m)
0,8h
0,8.21
Bn knh bo v ca cc ct 27m (cc ct N1 N17pha 220kV)

2
2
h .27 18
3
3
h x 11m
Nn
rx 1,5.h ( 1
( m)
hx
11
) 1,5.21.(1
) 19,875( m)
0,8h
0,8.27
2
3
2
3

Nn rx 1,5.h( 1
hx
16
) 1,5.24.(1
) 10,5 ( m)
0,8h
0,8.27
17. Phm vi bo v ca cc cp ct thu st

tng kt trong bng
18.
Bng 1-5 Phm vi bo v ca

cc cp ct thu st
Cp ct
a
(m)
h
(m)
ho
(m)
hx
(m)
rox
(m)
hx
(m)
rox
(m)
1-5;5-9
35
27
22
16
4,5
11
12,375
9-13
40
27
21,29
16
3,96
11
11,303
19-20;20-25
17-18;1819;23-24;2425;25-26
43
21
14,85714
11
2,89
7,286
54
21
13,28571
11
1,71
4,929
4--23
33,11
21
16,903
11
4,739
10,354
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
4--34
TRN TN ANH
K THUT IN CAO P
33,11
21
16,903
HT4-K48
16
0,782
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
rox=4,5
2 T4
3 T3
10
16m
15
11
rox=3,96
14
bx=8,12m
12
13
rox=10,5
rox=1,71
22
rox=0,78
AT1
rox=0,94
17
Nh di?u khi?n 23
16
11m
24
21
18
AT2
rox=2,89
rox=10,875
25
20
19
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Hnh 1-9: Phm vi bo v ca cc ct thu st
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
1.6. So snh v tng kt phng n

19. V mt k thut: C 2 phng n b tr
ct thu st u bo v c tt c cc
thit b trong trm v m bo c cc
yu cu v k thut.
20. V mt kinh t:
Phng n 1:
- Pha 220kV dng 12 ct cao 27m trong 6 ct t trn x cao 16m; 4
ct t trn x cao 11m, 1 ct c xy thm v 1 ct t trn nc nh iu
khin cao 10m.
- Pha 110kV dng 9 ct cao 21m: trong 3 ct t trn x cao 8 m; 4
ct t trn x cao 11 m v 2 ct c xy thm.
-Tng chiu di ct l:
L 6.(27-16) 4.(27-11) 27 (27-10) 3.(21-8) 4.(21-11) 2.21 295
( m)
Phng n 2:
- Pha 220kV c treo 3 dy chng st C-95 di 192m chia lm 3 khong
di 64 trn 16 ct cao 27m trong 12 ct t trn x cao 11m; 2 ct t trn
x cao 11m, 1 ct c xy thm v 1 ct t trn nc nh iu khin cao
10m.
- Pha 110kV dng 9 ct cao 21m: trong 3 ct t trn x cao 8 m; 4
ct t trn x cao 11 m v 2 ct c xy thm.
-Tng chiu di ct l:
L 2.(27 - 16) 12.(27 - 11) 27 (27 - 10) 3.(21 - 8) 4.(21 - 11) 2.21 379
( m)
-Tng chiu di ct l: L 3.192 576 ( m)
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
21. V phng n 1 c s ct thu st t v

khng cn dung dy thu st nn chi ph
xy dng thp hn, ng thi tng chiu
di ct nh hn. Vy ta chn phng n
1 lm phng n tnh ton thit k chng
st cho trm bin p.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
CHNG 2. THIT K H THNG NI T

2.1. M u
Ni t c ngha l ni cc b phn bng kim loi c nguy c tip xc vi
dng in do h hng cch in n mt h thng ni t. Trong HT c 3
loi ni t khc nhau:
Ni t an ton:
Ni t an ton c nhim v m bo an ton cho ngi khi cch in ca
thit b b h hng. Thc hin ni t an ton bng cch em ni t mi b
phn kim loi bnh thng khng mang in (v my, thng my bin p, cc
gi kim loi ) Khi cch in b h hng trn cc b phn ny s xut
hin in th nhng do c ni t nn mc in th thp. Do m bo
an ton cho ngi khi tip xc vi chng.
Ni t lm vic:
Ni t lm vic c nhim v m bo s lm vic bnh thng ca thit
b hoc mt s b phn ca thit b lm vic theo ch c quy nh
sn. Loi ni t ny bao gm: Ni t im trung tnh MBA trong HT c
im trung tnh ni t, ni t ca MBA o lng v ca cc khng in b
ngang trn cc ng dy ti in i xa.
Ni t chng st:
Nhim v ca ni t chng st l tn dng in st trong t (khi c st
nh vo ct thu st hoc trn ng dy) gi cho in th ti mi im
trn thn ct khng qu ln do cn hn ch cc phng in ngc trn
cc cng trnh cn bo v.
2.2. Cc yu cu k thut
* B phn ni t c tr s in tr tn cng b cng tt. Tuy nhin vic
gim thp in tr tn i hi phi tn nhiu kim loi v khi lng thi cng.
Do vic xc nh tiu chun ni t v la chn phng n ni t phi sao
cho hp l v mt kinh t v m bo cc yu cu k thut.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
* Tr s in tr ni t cho php ca ni t an ton c chn sao cho

cc tr s in p bc v tip xc trong mi trng hp u khng vt qua
gii hn cho php. Theo quy trnh hin hnh tiu chun ni t c quy nh
nh sau:
- i vi thit b in c im trung tnh trc tip ni t (dng ngn
mch chm t ln) tr s in tr ni t cho php l: R
0,5 .
- i vi thit b in c im trung tnh cch in (dng ngn mch

250
()
I
chm t b) th:
(2 1)
Nu ch dng cho cc thit b cao p

R
125
( )
I
(2 2)
Nu dng cho c cao p v h p

-Trong cc nh my in v trm bin p, ni t lm vic v ni t an
ton cc cp in p khc thng c ni thnh h thng chung. Khi ni
thnh h thng chung phi t c yu cu ca loi ni t no c tr s in
tr ni t cho php b nht.
-Trong khi thc hin ni t, cn tn dng cc hnh thc ni t c sn v
d nh cc ng ng v cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh chn trong t,
mng b tng ct thp... Vic tnh ton in tr tn ca cc ng ng chn
trong t hon ton ging vi in cc hnh tia.
- Do ni t lm vic trong mi trng khng ng nht (t - b tng)
nn in tr sut ca n ln hn so vi in tr sut ca t thun tu v
trong tnh ton ly tng ln 25%.
- V khung ct thp l li khng phi cc c nn khng phi hiu chnh
bng cch nhn thm h s
1,4
l h s chuyn t cc li sang cc
c.
-i vi cc thit b c dng in ngn mch chm t b khi in tr tn
ca cc phn ni t c sn t yu cu th khng cn ni t b sung. Vi cc
thit b c dng ngn mch chm t ln th phi t thm ni t nhn to
vi tr s in tr tn khng qu 1 .
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
* Ni t chng st thng thng l ni t ca ct thu st, ct in v ni

t ca h thng thu st trm bin p v nh my in.
- Do b phn ni t ca ct thu st v ct in thng b tr c lp
(khng c lin h vi b phn khc) nn cn s dng hnh thc ni t tp
trung c hiu qu tn dng in tt nht. Hin nay tiu chun ni t ct
in c quy nh theo in tr sut ca t v cho bng:
- Khi ng dy i qua cc vng t m ( 3. 104 . cm) nn tn
dng phn ni t c sn ca mng v chn ct b tng b sung hoc thay
th cho phn ni t nhn to.
- i vi ni t ca h thng thu st cc trm bin p khi b phn thu
st t ngay trn x trm th phn ni t chng st buc phi ni chung vi
mch vng ni t an ton ca trm. Lc ny s xut hin ni t phn b di
lm Zxk ln lm tng in p ging gy phng in trong t. Do vic ni
t chung ny ch thc hin c vi cc trm bin p c cp in p
110kV. Ngoi ra cn phi tin hnh mt s bin php b sung, khong cch
theo mch dn in trong t t ch ni t ca h thng thu st phi t 15m
tr ln
2.3. L thuyt tnh ton ni t

Tnh ton ni t an ton.
Vi cp in p ln hn 110kV ni t an ton phi tho mn iu kin
l:
- in tr ni t ca h thng c gi tr R 0,5 .
- Cho php s dng ni t an ton v ni t lm vic thnh mt h
thng
in tr ni t ca h thng
RHT RNT / / RTN
RNT .RTN
0,5()
RTN RNT
Trong :
RTN: in tr ni t t nhin
RNT: in tr ni t nhn to
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(2 3)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
RNT 1
- Ni t t nhin.
Trong phm vi ca ti ta ch xt ni t t nhin ca trm l h thng
chng st ng dy v ct in 110kV v 220kV ti trm.
Ta c cng thc tnh ton nh sau
Rc
RTN= 1 Rc 1
2
Rcs
(2 4)
Trong :
Rcs: in tr tc dng ca dy chng st trong mt khong vt.
Rc: l in tr ni t ca ct in.
- Ni t nhn to.
Xt trng hp n gin nht l trng hp in cc hnh bn cu.
Dng in trm t I i qua ni s c s to nn in p ging trn b
phn ni t.
U=I. R
(2 5)
R: l in tr tn ca ni t.
Theo tnh ton xc nh c s phn b in p trn mt t theo cng
thc:
Ur
I .
2. .r
(2 6)
3m bng st trn hay

st gc chn thng ng: thanh di chn nm ngang su 0,5 0,8m t
Trong thc t ni t c cc hnh thc cc di 2
theo hnh tia hoc mch vng v hnh thc t hp ca cc hnh thc trn. Tr
s in tr tn ca hnh thc ni t cc c xc nh theo cc cng thc
cho trc.
i vi ni t chn nm ngang c th dng cng thc chung tnh tr
s in tr tn xoay chiu:
R
TRN TN ANH
K .L2
ln
2. .l
d .t
HT4-K48
(2 7)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Trong :
L: chiu di tng ca in cc.
d: ng knh in cc khi in cc dng st trn. Nu dng st
dt tr s d thay bng
b
. (b - chiu rng ca st dt)
2
t: chn su
K: h s ph thuc vo s ni t (tra bng)
Khi h thng ni t gm nhiu cc b tr dc theo chiu di tia hoc theo
chu vi mch vng, in tr tn ca h thng c tnh theo cng thc.
R ht
Rt .Rc
Rc . t n.Rt . c
(2 8)
Trong :
Rc: in tr tn ca mt cc.
Rt: in tr tn ca tia hoc ca mch vng.
n : s cc.
t : h s s dng ca tia di hoc ca mch vng.
c : h s s dng ca cc.
Tnh ton ni t chng st

y phi cp ti c hai qu trnh ng thi xy ra khi c dng in
tn trong t.
- Qu trnh qu ca s phn b in p dc theo chiu di in cc.
- Qu trnh phng in trong t.
Khi chiu di in cc ngn (ni t tp trung) th khng cn xt qu
trnh qu m ch cn xt qu trnh phng in trong t. Ngc li khi ni
t dng hnh thc tia di hoc mch vng (phn b di) th ng thi phi
xem xt n c hai qu trnh, chng c tc dng khc nhau i vi hiu qu
ni t.
in tr tn xung kch ca ni t tp trung:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Qua nghin cu v tnh ton ngi ta thy rng in tr tn xung kch

khng ph thuc vo kch thc hnh hc ca in cc m n c quy nh
bi bin dng in I, in tr sut v c tnh xung kch ca t.
V tr s in tr tn xoay chiu ca ni t t l vi nn h s xung
kch c tr s l
xk
R xk
1
I .
(2 9)
hoc dng tng qut:

xk f(I. )
(2 10)
Tnh ton ni t phn b di khng xt ti qu trnh phng in trong

t.
S ng tr ca ni t c th hin nh sau:
Hnh 2-1: S ng tr ca h thng ni t.

Trong mi trng hp u c th b qua in tr tc dng R v n b so
vi tr s in tr tn, ng thi cng khng cn xt n phn in dung C v
ngay c trong trng hp sng xung kch, dng in dung cng rt nh so vi
dng in qua in tr tn.
S ng tr lc ny c dng:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Hnh 2 2: S ng tr thu gn.

Trong s thay th trn th:
Lo: in cm ca in cc trn mt n v di.
Go: in dn ca in cc trn mt n v di.
l
L o 0, 2[ln( )-0, 31] ( H/m)
r
1
Go
2.l.RNTSET
(2 11)
(2 12)
Trong :
l: Chiu di cc.
r: Bn knh cc phn trc nu cc l thp dt c b rng b (m).
Do : r =b/4
Gi Z (x, t) l in tr xung kch ca ni t ko di, n l hm s ca
khng gian v thi gian t
Z (x, t)
U ( x, t )
I ( x, t )
(2 13)
Trong U(x, t), I(x, t) l dng in v in p xc nh t h phng

trnh vi phn:
U
I
x Lo . t
I G .U
o
x
(2 14)
Gii h phng trnh ny ta c in p ti im bt k v ti thi im t

trn in cc:
t

a
1
k . .x
TK
U x, t
t 2.T1. 2 1 e cos
Go .l
l
k 1 k
(2 15)
T ta suy ra tng tr xung kch u vo ca ni t.

t

1
2.T1 1
TK
Z 0, t
1
. 1 e
Go .l
t k 1 k 2

Vi:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(2 16)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Lo .Go .l 2
Tk 2 2 (hng s thi gian)
k .
T1
T
Lo .Go .l 2
; Tk 21
2
k .
Tnh ton ni t phn b di khi c xt qu trnh phng in trong t.

Vic gim in p v c mt dng in cc phn xa ca in cc lm
cho qu trnh phng in trong t cc ni ny c yu hn so vi u vo
ca ni t. Do in dn ca ni t (trong s ng tr) khng nhng
ch ph thuc vo I, m cn ph thuc vo to . Vic tnh ton tng tr
s rt phc tp v ch c th gii bng phng php gn ng. y trong
phm vi ca ti ta c th b qua qu trnh phng in trong t.
2.4. Tnh ton ni t an ton

Ni t t nhin
Trong phm vi ca ti ta ch xt ni t t nhin ca trm l h thng
chng st ng dy v ct in 110kV v 220kV ti trm.
-Tnh Rc:
Dy chng st ta s dng loi C-95 c ro =1,88 / km
Ta c in tr sut ca t = 0,85104 . cm
Trm c 6 l 220kV, 8 l 110 kV. Theo cng thc (2 4) ta c:
1
.
n 1
R TN
Rc
Rc 1
Rcs 4
Trong : n- s l dy
-i vi cc l ng dy chng st 220 KV:
R CS R 0 . L KV 1,88 . 0,3 0,564
R TN220
1
.
6 1
2
15
15
1
0,564 4
()
0,44
()
-i vi cc l ng dy chng st 110 KV:

R CS R 0 . L KV 1,88 . 0,2 0,376
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
()
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
R TN110
1
.
8 1
2
Vy
R TN
15
15
1
0,376 4
0,274
()
0,44.0,274
0,169 ()
0,44 0,274
Nhn xt:
Ta thy rng RTN < 0,5 v mt l thuyt l t yu cu v ni t an ton.
Tuy nhin ni t t nhin c th xy ra bin ng, chnh v vy ta cn phi
ni t nhn to.
Ni t nhn to
Vi trm bo v c kch thc hnh ch nht c cc chiu l:
l1 370( m) l 2 150( m)
Ta ly li li mi u 1 m cch xa mng tng trm.

Do ta s dng mch vng bao quanh trm l hnh ch nht ABCD c
kch thc nh sau:
Chiu di l1 = 368 m ; Chiu rng l2 = 148m.
Vy:
R MV
tt
K .L2
ln
2. .L
t.d
Trong :
L: chu vi ca mch vng. L = (l1 + l2). 2
Theo s ta c
L = (368 + 148). 2 = 1032 (m)

t: chn su ca thanh lm mch vng, ly t =0,8 m
tt : in tr sut tnh ton ca t i vi thanh lm mch
vng chn su t.
tt = do . kma
Tra bng vi thanh ngang chn su 0,8 m ta c kma =1,6
TRN TN ANH
tt = 85. 1,6 = 136 ( . m)
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
d: ng knh thanh lm mch vng (nu thanh dt c b rng l b

th
d = b/2). Ta chn thanh c b rng l b = 4cm do
d = b/2 = 4/2 =2 (cm)

= 0,02 (m)
K: h s ph thuc hnh dng ca h thng ni t.
Bng 2 1: H s K ph thuc vo (l1/l2)
l1 / l2
5,53
5,81
6,42
8,17
10,40
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
Ta c
K THUT IN CAO P
l1
2,486
l2
Hnh 2- 4: th h s ph thuc hnh dng K.

T th ta xc nh c K = 6,35
Thay cc cng thc trn vo cng thc tnh RMV ta c
R MV
tt
K .L2
136
6,35.10322
.ln
.ln
0,417() 1()
2. .L
d .t
2.3,14.1032
0,8.0, 02
Vy in tr ni t ca h thng l:
R .R
0,169.0, 417
tn
nt
Rht = R R 0,169 0, 417 0,12()
tn
nt
Kt lun:
H thng thit k ni t nh trn m bo an ton cho trm bin p 110 /
220 kV
2.5. Ni t chng st
Trong khi thit k ni t chng st cho trm bin p 110/220kV cho php
ni t chng st ni chung vi ni t an ton. Do vy ni t chng st s l
ni t phn b di dng mch vng. Do s thay th chng st nh hnh
2 1.
Gi tr ca Lo v Go c xc nh nh sau:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
*Tnh Lo: Theo cng thc (2. 11) ta c:

l
Lo 0, 2 ln 0,31 ( H / m )
r
Trong : l l chiu di in cc
l
LCHUVI 1032
516 (m)
2
2
d b 0,04

0,01
2 4
4
r: bn knh in cc
(m)
516
Lo 0, 2 ln
0,31 2,108( H / m)
0, 01
*Tnh Go: p dng cng thc (2-12)

Go
1
2.l.RNTSET
Trong :
RNTS RMVS
RMVAT
.k SET
k AT
kma at=1,6
kma set =1,25
RMVSET
Go
0, 417.1, 25
0,325 ()
1, 6
1
2,977.103 (1/.m)
2.516.0.325
*Tnh phn b in p v tng tr xung kch ca h thng ni t.

Trong thit k tnh ton ta chn dng sng xin gc ca dng in st c
bin khng i.
Phng trnh sng c dng nh sau v c th hin hnh 2-5:
khi t ds
at
Is
I a .
TRN TN ANH
ds
khi t ds
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Is(A)
I =a.
t(s)
Hnh 2- 5: th dng sng ca dng in st.

Vi bin dng in st l I =150 kA
dc ca dng st l a=30 kA/ s
Nn thi gian u sng l s=
I 150
5( s)
a 30
Theo cng thc (2 13) ta c tng tr xung kch ca h thng ni t

nhn tao l:
Z 0, ds

1
2.T1
1 e
1
.
2
Go .l
ds k 1 k 2
k
ds
TK
Do coi mch vng l s ghp song song ca hai tia nn
Z 0, ds MV

1
2.T1
1 e
1
.
2.Go .l
ds k 1 k 2 k 2
ds
TK
xc nh c Z(0, s), ta xt cc chui s sau:

Chui s:
k
k 1
Chui s:
k
k 1
1
1
1
2 ... 2 ..
2
1
2
k
.e
ds
TK
ds
T1
ds
T2
ds
TK
e
e
e
2 ... 2 ...
2
1
2
k
Trong chui s ny ta ch xt n s hng cha e-4 (T s hng e-5 tr i c

gi tr rt nh so vi cc s hng trc nn ta c th b qua) . Tc l ta tnh
n k sao cho:
ds
4 (kZ+)
Tk
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Ta c:
ds ds
4.T1
4
2
hay k (kZ+)
Tk T1
ds
k2
T1
ds
k 2.
T1
L0 .G0 .l 2 2,108.2,977.103.5162
169,5 ( s )
. 2
3,142
T
169,5
k 2. 1 2.
11,6
ds
5
Ta chn k trong khong t 112 (kZ+)

ds
1
Bng 2 3: Bng tnh ton chui 2 .e TK
k 1 k
k
10
11
12
1
k2
1,000 0,250 0,111 0,062 0,040 0,028 0,020 0,016 0,012 0,010 0,008 0,007
Tk(s)
169,502 42,376 18,834 10,594 6,780 4,708 3,459 2,648 2,093 1,695 1,401 1,177
ds
Tk
ds
TK
ds
TK
e
k2
0,029
0,118 0,265 0,472 0,737 1,062 1,445 1,888 2,389 2,950 3,569 4,248
0,971 0,889 0,767 0,624 0,478 0,346 0,236 0,151 0,092 0,052 0,028 0,014
0,971 0,222 0,085 0,039 0,019 0,010 0,005 0,002 0,001 0,001 0,000 0,000
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
T bng trn ta c
12
k
k 1
1,56
ds
1 TK
.e
1,355
2
k 1 k
12
Vy
Z 0, ds
1
2.169,5
1
.(1,56 1,355) 4,95 ()
3
2.2,977.10 .516
5
Kim tra in p trn cc thit b

Trong trm bin p phn t quan trng nht l trm bin p, y cng l
phn t yu nht nn ta ch cn kim tra vi my bin p. i vi trm bin
p khi c dng in st i vo ni t m bo an ton phi tho mn iu
kin:
U=I. ZXK(0, s) < U50% MBA
Trong :
I : Bin ca dng in st.
ZXK(0, s): Tng tr xung kch u vo ni t ca dng in
st.
U50% MBA : in p 50% ca my bin p
i vi MBA 110(kV) U50% MBA=460 kV.
i vi MBA 220(kV) U50% MBA=900 kV.
=> Ly U50%MBA = 460kV
Kim tra iu kin ny ta thy:
U=I. ZXK(0, s) = 150. 4,95=743 kV > U50% MBA = 460 kV

Ta thy rng phi tin hnh ni t b sung m bo khng c phng
in ngc.
Ni t b sung
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
gim in tr ni t ng thi m bo c tiu chun theo yu cu

ca ni t chng st ta chn phng n ng cc b xung to thnh mch
vng.
a. Tnh in tr thanh:
S dng thanh loi thp dt c chiu di L b rng 0,04m chn su
0,8m (l mch vng ni t hnh ch nht trong ni t nhn to).
Rt
tt
K .L2
ln
2.L.
t.d
Trong tt .K mua 85.1, 25 106, 25 (.m)

Rt
106, 25
6,35.5162
ln
0, 6 ()
2.516.3,14 0,8.0, 02
b. Tnh in tr cc:
i vi cc trn in tr tn c tnh theo cng thc:
Rc
tt
2.l l 4t ' l
(ln
ln
)
2.l.
d 2 4t ' l
l: l chiu di cc l = 3 m
d:ng knh d=0,06 m
tt: L in tr sut ca t, i vi cc ta c = o. Kmcc
Tra bng (2-1) sch hng dn thit k KTCA ta c Kmc = 1,15
Vy:
tt = 85. 104. 1,15 = 97,75 (m).

d: ng knh cc.
t,: L chn su ca cc:
t'
l
3
t 0,8 2,3 (m)
2
2
Thay vo cng thc trn ta c:
Rc =
TRN TN ANH
97,75
2.3
1
4.2,3 3
ln
ln
25,65 ()
2.3,14.3
0,06 2
4.2,3 3
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
t=0,8m
t'=2,3m
l=3m
a
Hnh 2- 6: S ng cc b sung.
c. Tnh in tr h thng sau khi ng cc
Sau khi tnh c Rt v Rc ta tnh in tr ni t nhn to ca h thng
thanh vng cc:
Rnt
Rc .Rt
0,5
Rc . t n.Rt . c
(2-11)
Trong :
Rc: in tr ca mt cc
Rt: in tr ca mch vng
t: H s s dng ca mch vng
c: H s s dng ca cc
n: S cc trong h thng
Trong cng thc ny ta mi ch bit Rc v Rt vy ta phi tm Rnt t gi tr
nh nht v m bo sau khi tnh ton ni t chng st m vn m bo c
tiu chun ni t chng st y Rc v Rt ph thuc vo s cc ta xt.
a
Vy ta xt theo t s l vi cc thng s:
l
1032
a1
344 (cc)
1 a1 1.l 3 S cc n1 =
a1
3
l
l
1032
a2
172 (cc)
2 a2 2.l 6 s cc n2 =
a2
6
l
l
1032
a3
114,66 (cc)
3 a3 3.l 9 s cc n3 =
a3
9
l
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Tra bng (2-4 v 2-6) trong ti liu [2] ta c:

S cc:
n1 = 344 cc
t = 0,19
c = 0,33
n2 = 172 cc
t = 0,23
c = 0,54
n3 = 115 cc
t = 0,33
c = 0,57
an ton nht ta s dng trng hp no c in tr R nt nh nht.

S dng trng hp c a1/l = 1 v S cc l 344(cc)
Thay cc s liu c trn vo cng thc:
Rc .Rt
25, 64.0, 6
Rnt = R . R . .n 25, 64.0,19 0, 6.0,33.344 0, 21 ()

c t
t c
in tr ni t ca h thng sau khi ng thm cc.
Rnt .Rtn
0, 21.0,169
RHT = R R = 0, 21 0,169 0, 093 ()

nt
tn
Ta tin hnh kim tra iu kin chng st ca h thng ni t trn
l
r
Tnh L Lo 0, 2 ln 0,31 ( H / m )
516
Lo 0, 2 ln
0,31 2,108 ( H / m )
0, 01
Tnh G:
Go
1
2.l.RNTSET
Trong :
1
4.103 ()
2.516.0,093
L .G .l 2 2,108.4.103.5162
T1 o 2o
261, 47 ( s )
.
3,142
Go
k 2.
T1
261, 47
2.
14,46
ds
5
Ta chn k trong khong t 115 (kZ+)
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
ds
1
Bng 2 3: Bng tnh ton chui 2 .e TK
k 1 k
T bng trn ta c
15
k
k 1
17
1,58
1 TdsK
.e
1, 4
2
k 1 k
Vy
Z 0, ds
1
2.169,5
1
.(1,58 1, 4) 3, 45 ()
3
2.2,977.10 .516
5
U=I. ZXK(0, s) = 150. 3,45= 517,66 kV > U50% MBA = 460 (kV)
Ta thy rng phi tin hnh ni t b sung m bo khng c phng
in ngc.
Trong ni t b sung ta s dng dng ni t tp trung gm thanh v cc
ti cc chn cc ct thu st v chn cc thit b.
Chn thanh ni t b sung l loi thp dp c: chiu di l=12 m, b rng
b= 0,04 m.
Dc theo chiu di thanh c chn 3 cc trn c:chiu di cc l=3 m,
ng knh d = 0,04 m.
Khong cch gia hai cc a= 6 m, chn su t=0,8 m.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
in tr ni t ca thanh l:
Rt =
Trong :
tt
K .l 2
ln
2. .l
h.d
K=1
tt
. Kmt =85. 1,25 = 106,25 ( .m )
l = 12 m, h = 0,8 m, d = b / 2 = 0,04 / 2 = 0,02 (m)
Rt =
106,25
1.12 2
ln
12,83 ()
2. .12
0,8.0,02
Tnh in tr ca cc:
Rc
tt
2.l l 4t ' l
(ln
ln
)
2.l.
d 2 4t ' l
d = 0,04 (m)
t = 0,8 + 3/2 = 2,3 (m)
l=12m
t'=2,3m
t=0,8m
l=3m
a=6m
Hnh 2- 7: S ni t b sung.
Rc
97,75
2.3
1 4.2,3 3
ln
ln
25,65
2.3,14.3
0,04 2 4.2,3 3
()
in tr ni t b sung c xc nh theo
Rbx
RCS .RtS
= S
RC . t n.Rt . C
Tra bng phn ph lc ta c:

ht = 0,92 ,
Vi
hC = 0,85
n = 3;
a 6
2
l
3
RbxS =
TRN TN ANH
12,83.27,73
6,11 ()
12,83.0,85.3 27,73.0,92
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Tnh tng tr xung kch ca h thng ni t khi c ni t b sung:

Nh trn ta c s thay th ca h thng ni t gm in cm v in
dn. Nh php bin i Laplace ta tm c gi tr ca tng tr sng u vo
h thng ni t b sung.
R .R
2.Rnt
bx nt
.e
0; ds Rbx Rnt K 1 Rnt
1
Rbx cos xK
2
x K
ds
.
T1

A B
Trong :
R .R
6,11.0,205
bx
nt
A = R R 6,11 0,205 0,198 ()
bx
nt
B=
R
K 1
2.Rnt
nt
Rbx
cos x K
.e
x K ds
.
T1
i vi chui B ta ch tnh ti e- 4 hay

xK2 . ds
T
261, 47
4 xK 2 1 2
45, 41(rad )
2
.T1
ds
5
Gi tr xK c xc nh theo:
tgx K (
Rnt
0,205
).x K (
).x K 0,034.x K
Rbs
6,11
Vy xK l nghim ca phng trnh:

tgx K 0,034.x K
Gii phng trnh bng Matlap nh sau.

function tinhnghiem
n = 0;
for x = [0:0.00001:30];
y = tan(x)+ 0.03467*x;
if abs(y) < 1e-4
n=n+1;
x0(n)=x;
y0(n)=y;
end
end
e = 1e-3;
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
for i = 1:n-1
for j = i+1:n
if abs(x0(i)-x0(j))<e
if abs(y0(i)) > abs(y0(j))
x0(i)=0;
y0(i)=0;
else
x0(j)=0;
y0(j)=0 ;
end
end
end
end
for i=1:n
if ~(x0(i) == 0)
disp(x0(i));
end
end
Nghim ca phng trnh l y 0,034.x K v ng cong y tgx K cho

trong bng:
Bng 2- 4-a: Bng tnh ton Bk:

K
xK (rad)
1
3,040
3
9,125
4
12,520
5
15,220
6
18,260
7
21,335
8
24,425
cos x K
-0,995 0,980 -0,955
0,999
-0,883
0,831
-0,792
0,760
1
cos 2 x K
1,010
1,040
1,096
1,002
1,282
1,447
1,593
1,732
Rnt
1
Rbx cos 2 X k
1,044
1,074
1,129
1,036
1,315
1,481
1,626
1,766
0,986
0,947
0,885
0,794
0,711
0,612
0,512
0,416
0,387
0,362
0,321
0,314
0,222
0,170
0,129
0,097
2
6,085
x K ds
.
T1
BK
Bng 2- 4-b: Bng tnh ton Bk:

K
xK (rad)
TRN TN ANH
9
10
11
12
13
14
27,510 30,600 33,715 36,785 39,900 43,000
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
cos x K
-0,722 0,685 -0,666 0,610 -0,589 0,555
1
cos 2 x K
1,919
2,130
2,257
2,683
2,880
3,246
Rnt
1
Rbx cos 2 X k
1,953
2,163
2,291
2,717
2,914
3,279
0,328
0,252
0,188
0,137
0,096
0,066
0,069
0,048
0,034
0,021
0,014
0,008
x K ds
.
T1
BK
14
B
k 1
2, 2 ()
Vi:
7
Z (0 ; ts) = A +
B
K 1
Z (0 ; ts) = 0,198 + 2,2 = 2,4 ()

Kim tra yu cu ca ni t chng st:
I. Z (0 ; ts) = 150. 2,4 = 360 (kV) < U50 % (110 kV) = 460 (kV)
Vy tho mn iu kin ni t chng st.
2.6. Kt lun
Sau khi thc hin ni t b sung cho cc ct thu st ta thy h thng ni
t c ni t b sung t tiu chun v k thut ni t chng st cho trm
110/220 kV.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
CHNG 3. BO V CHNG ST NG DY
3.1. M u.
ng dy ti in phn ln l ng dy trn khng c chiu di
rt ln v i qua nhiu vng khc nhau nn xc sut b st nh tng i gy
ra phng in trn cch in ng dy v gy s c ct in. Mt khc khi
st nh vo on dy gn trm th s to nn sng truyn vo trm gy s c
ph hoi cch in ca thit b in trong trm. Do ta phi tin hnh nghin
cu chng st cho ng dy ti in, c bit l nhng on ng dy gn
n trm th phi c tnh ton bo v cn thn. V th ng dy cn c
bo v chng st vi mc an ton cao.
Qu in p kh quyn xut hin do st nh trc tip ln ng dy
hoc do st nh xung t gn ng dy to nn qu in p cm ng. Tr
s ca qu in p kh quyn l rt ln nn khng th chn mc cch in ca
ng dy p ng c hon ton yu cu ca qu in p m ch c th
chn theo mc hp l v mt kinh t v k thut. Do yu cu i vi bo
v chng st ng dy khng phi l an ton tuyt i m ch cn mc
gii hn hp l.
3.2. Ch tiu bo v chng st ng dy.

Trong phn ny ta s tnh ton cc ch tiu bo v chng st ng
dy, trn c s xc nh c cc phng hng v bin php gim s
ln ct in ca ng dy cn bo v.
3. 2. 1. Cng hot ng ca st:

S ngy st: Cng hot ng ca st c biu th bng s ngy
c ging st hng nm (nng. s). Cc s liu ny c xc nh theo s liu quan
trc cc i trm kh tng phn b trn lnh th tng nc.
Mt st: tnh ton s ln c phng in xung t cn bit v
s ln c st nh trn din tch 1km 2 mt t ng vi mt ngy st, n c tr
s khong ms = 0,1
0,15 ln/km2. ngy st. T s tnh c s ln st
nh vo cc cng trnh hoc ln ng dy ti in. Kt qu tnh ton ny

cho mt gi tr trung bnh.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
3. 2. 2. S ln st nh vo ng dy:
a. S ln st nh vo ng dy:
Coi mt st l u trn ton b din tch vng c ng dy i qua, c
th tnh s ln st nh trc tip vo ng dy trong mt nm l:
N m s .n ngs .L.h.10 3
(3-1)
Trong : ms: mt st vng c ng dy i qua

nng. s: s ngy st trong mt nm.
h: chiu cao trung bnh ca cc dy dn (m).
L: chiu di ca ng dy (km).
Ly L = 100km ta s c s ln st nh vo 100km dc chiu di ng
dy trong mt nm.
N (0,1 0,15).n ngs .h.6.100.10 3 (0,06 0,09).nngs .h
(3-2)
Tu theo v tr st nh qu in p xut hin trn cch in ng dy c

tr s khc nhau. Ngi ta phn bit s ln st nh trc tip vo ng dy
c dy chng st thnh ba kh nng.
b. St nh vo nh ct:
N dc
N
2
(3-3)
c. St nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn:

N dd N .
(3-4)
Trong N: tng s ln st nh vo ng dy.

: xc sut st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn, n ph thuc
vo gc bo v v c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

lg
. hc
4
90
(3-5)
Trong hc: chiu cao ca ct (m).
: gc bo v ().
d. St nh vo im gia khong vt:
N kv N N dc N dd
N
2
3. 2. 3. S ln phng in do st nh.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(3-6)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Khi b st nh, qu in p tc dng vo cch in ca ng dy (s v

khong cch khng kh gia dy dn v dy chng st) c th gy ra phng
in. Kh nng phng in c c trng bi xc sut phng in pd . Nh
th ng vi s ln st nh Ni s ln phng in:
N pdi N i . pd
(3-7)
Xc sut phng in pd ph thuc tr s ca qu in p v c tnh

cch in (V-S) ca ng dy.
d .d
pd P U cd U pd
(3-8)
a. S ln ct in do st nh vo ng dy.
Khi c phng in trn cch in ca ng dy, my ct c th b ct ra
nu c xut hin h quang tn s cng nghip ti ni phng in. Xc sut
hnh thnh h quang ph thuc vo in p lm vic trn cch in pha ca
ng dy v di cch in ca ng dy. C th xc nh theo bng
sau.
Bng 3- 1: Bng xc sut hnh thnh h quang f ( Elv ).
Elv
U lv
Lcs
TRN TN ANH
10
20
30
50
0,1
0,25
0,45
0,6
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Vi Ulv: in p pha lm vic.

Lcs : chiu di chui s.
Hnh3- 1: th f ( Elv ).
i vi ng dy dng ct g tnh theo cng thc
(1,5.Etb 4).10 2
(3-9)
Etb: l cng trng trung bnh trn tng chiu di cch in ( kV/m).
Cui cng c th tnh s ln ct ca ng dy tng ng vi s ln st
nh Ni:
ncdi N pdi . N i . pd .
(3-10)
S ln ct in tng cng ca ng dy:

ncd ncdi
(3-11)
b. S ln ct in do qu in p cm ng.
S ln phng in do st nh gn ng dy cm ng gy phng in
trn cch in ng dy.
U
N pdcu
50%
(15,6 23,4).n s .h 260
.e
U 50%
(3-12)
Trong ns: l s ngy st trong mt nm.

h : treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn.
U50%: in p phng in 50% ca chui s.
Nh vy s ln ng dy b ct in do qu in p cm ng
ncdcu N pdcu .
TRN TN ANH
(3-13)
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
ng dy 110kV tr ln do mc cch in cao (U 50% ln) nn sut ct do

qu in p cm ng c tr s b v trong cch tnh ton c th b qua thnh
phn ny.
3.3. Tnh ton ch tiu bo v chng st ng dy.

3. 3. 1. M t ng dy cn bo v
a) Kt cu ct in.
hc=27m
6m
15 m
Hnh 3-2: S ct l n 220kV.

Loi ct: st, mch n.
Chiu cao ct: 27m.
Chui s:
+ S lng 14 bt.
+ Loi C 4,5 c chiu di 1 bt s l ls = 170mm.
cao treo dy dn pha A: 21m.
cao treo dy dn pha B: 15m.
cao treo dy dn pha C: 15m.
b) Dy dn v dy chng st.
Dy dn AC 300.
Dy chng st C 95
Khong vt lkv=320m.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
c) Ni t ct in
in tr sut ca ni t
85.m .
in tr ni t ct in Rc = 15 .
3. 3. 2. vng, treo cao trung bnh, tng tr, h s ngu hp ca

ng dy.
a) vng ca dy.
vng ca dy dn AC-300:
Cc thng s sa dy AC - 300:
2
ng sut cho php: cp 8,58kg / mm .
Modul n hi:
E 8250kg / mm 2 .
H s gin n nhit:
19,2.10 61/ 0C
Ti trng do trng lng gy ra g1 3,46.10 3 kg / m.mm 2 .

Ti trng do gi gy ra (p lc gi cp 3 vi v=30m/s):
Trong + Pv .C x .
+
0,7
g3
Pv
F
V2
.Fv l lc tc dng ca gi ln 1m dy
16
l h s khng u ca p lc gi
+ C x 1,2 l h s kh ng hc ca dy dn ph thuc vo
ng knh ca dy( C x 1,2 khi d< 20 mm)
+ Fv 1.d .10 3 m:l din tch chn gi ca 1m dy
Vy
300
.10 3 19,5.10 3 (m)
30 2
Pv 0,7.1,2.
.19,5.10 3 0,924 (kG/m)
16
0,924
g3
3,08.10 3 (kG / m.mm 2 )
300
Fv 2.
Ti trng tng hp:

g
g12 g 32
3,46 2 3,08 2 .10 3 4,632.10 3 ( kG / m.mm 2 )
Ta c:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
l gh cp .
8,58.
24. .( bao bao )

g 2 g12
24.19,2.10 6. ( 25 5)
267,52
( 4,632.10 3 ) 2 (3,46.10 3 ) 2
(m)
Kim tra iu kin ta thy l 320 267, 52 (m)

Vy phng trnh trng thi ly ly trng thi ng vi b o lm trng thi
xut pht. Phng trnh trng thi c dng:
3 A 2 B 0
A 0
l 2 . g 1 .E
24 0
.E.( bo min )
320 2.( 4,632.10 3 ) 2 .8250

8,58
19,2.10 6.8250.( 25 5) 4,845
2
24.8,58
g 2 .E.l 2 (4,632.10 3 ) 2 .8250.320 2
B
755,099
24
24
Ta c phng trnh: 3 4,845 2
755,99 0
c nghim 7,744(kG / mm 2 )
f
vng:
g .l 2
4,632.10 3.320 2
5,719
8.
8.7,744
(m)
vng ca dy dn chng st:

Tnh tng t ta c:
f 5,12
(m)
b) treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn pha A ( hAtb).
treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn pha A l:

hcstb hcs
2
2
. f cs 21 .5,719 17,187
3
3
(m)
Gc bo v pha A:
tg A
3
3
0,5 A 26 0 33'
hcs h A 27 21
Tng t ta c: treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn pha B(C ) l:11,18 m

Gc bo v pha B(C ): B 20 0 32'
c) Tng tr sng ca dy dn.
Tng tr sng ca dy dn c tnh theo cng thc:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Z dd 60. ln
2.h
r
(3-14)
Trong : r: Bn knh dy dn.

h: treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn.
Tng tr sng pha A.
Dy dn pha A l dy AC-300 c r = 9,78. 10-3m nn:

Z
dd
A
2.h Atb
2.17,187
60. ln
60
489.918
r
9,78.10 3
( )
Tng tr sng pha B(C).

dd
Tng t ta c Z B 464,15 ( )
Tng tr sng dy chng st.

Dy chng st l dy C-95 c r = 5,35. 10-3m
Khi khng k n nh hng ca vng quang.

Z cs
2.hcstb
2.23,587
60. ln
60
545,069 ( )
r
5,35.10 3
Khi c k n nh hng ca vng quang.

CS
Z VQ
=1,4
Z cs
: l h s hiu chnh khi xut hin vng quang c tra t bng

vi cp in p 220kV
CS
Z VQ
Z cs
545,069
389,335
1,4
d) H s ngu hp.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
( )
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
2
d12
1
h2
h1
D12
1'
lx
2'
Hnh 3-3: S xc inh h s ngu hp.

Khi cha c vng quang th h s ngu hp K c tnh nh sau vi dy
dn 1 v dy chng st 2.
D12
d12
K0
(3-15)
2.h
ln 2
r2
ln
Trong : h2 l treo cao ca dy chng st.

r2: bn knh ca dy chng st.
d12: khong cch gia dy chng st v dy dn.
D12: khong cch gia dy chng st v nh ca dy dn.
Khi xt n nh hng ca vng quang in:
K vq K 0 .
(3-16)
H s ngu hp gia dy dn pha A v dy chng st.

Vi pha A ta c:
treo cao ca dy dn h1 = 21m.
treo cao ca dy chng st h2 = 27m.
di ca x lx = 3m.
Bn knh dy dn r2 = 9,775. 10-3m.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Ta tnh c:
d12 lxa 2 ( h2 h1 ) 2
32 (27 21) 2 10, 26
( m)
D12 lxa 2 (h1 h2 ) 2

32 (27 21) 2 48, 09( m)
48,09
10,26
K 0A
0,168
2.27
ln
9,775.10 3
K vqA 1,4.0,168 0,235
ln
H s ngu hp gia dy dn pha B(C) v dy chng st.
Tnh ton tng t ta c:
C
K vqB K vq
0,18
e) Nhn xt.
Khi tnh ton cc ch tiu chng st do cc pha c cc thng s khc nhau
nn trong ni trng hp ta chn trng hp nguy him nht tnh.
Khi st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn ta ch xt cho pha A
(pha c gc bo v ln nht).
Khi st nh vo khong vt dy chng st ta tnh cho pha B hoc C
(pha c h s ngu hp nh hn).
Khi st nh vo nh ct ta s tnh vi pha c Uc(a,t) ln nht.
3.3.3. Tnh s ln st nh vo ng dy.

Nu gi N l tng s ln st nh trn ng dy v vi n ng.s=
95ngy/nm; hcs = 23,587 m ta c:
N (0,06 0,09).23,587 .95 133,44 201,66
(ln/100km. nm).
Ta ly kh nng nguy him nht tnh N = 201,66 ln/100km. nm.

N N dd N dc N kv
Trong : Ndd: s ln st nh vo dy dn.

Nc: s ln st nh vo nh ct.
Nkv: s ln st nh vo khong vt dy chng st.
a) S ln st dnh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Trong trng hp ny ta tnh vi dy dn pha A. Trc tin ta cn i xc

nh xc sut phng in vi cc thng s nh sau: 26 0 33' ; hc 27m
.
Xc sut st nh vng qua dy chng st:
lg
. hc
26,55. 27
4
4 2,466
90
90
3,415.10 3.
S ln st nh vo dy dn:
N dd 201,66.3,415.10 3 0,688 (ln/100km. nm)
b) S ln st nh vo nh ct v khong vt.
N dc N kv
201, 66
100,83 (ln/100km. nm)
2
3.3.4. Sut ct do st nh vo ng dy.

a) Sut ct do st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn.
S ln ct ca ng dy:
n dd N . pd .
Trong :
pd
l xc sut phng in c xc nh nh sau:

pd U qa U 50%
4.U 50%
4.U 50%
26 ,1. Z dd
P I
e
Z dd
Ta c: Z ddA 489,918() ; U 50% 1140(kV ).

4.1140
pd e 26 ,1.489,918 0,7
: xc sut hnh thnh h quang f (E lv ) xc nh nh sau:

Elv
U lv
U dm
3
220
3
U lv
l pd
127,017(kV )
lpd: chiu di phng in, ly bng chiu di chui s

ls: cao mt bt s.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
l pd l su .n
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
n: s bt s ca chui s.
l pd 170.13 2210( mm) 2,21(m)
Elv
T th 3. 1 ta c
127
57,47 ( kV / m )
2,21
0,67.
n dd 0,689.0,7.0,67 0,323 (ln/100km.
nm)
b) Sut ct do st nh vo khong vt.

Khi st nh vo khong vt ca dy chng st, n gin cho tnh
ton ta gi thit st nh vo chnh gia khong vt, dng in st chia u
sang hai bn nh hnh v.
Hnh 3- 4: St nh vo khong vt dy chng st.

Ly vi dng sng xin gc. Lc ny trn dy chng st v mi ct s c
is
dng in l 2 .
Khi tnh ton ta cn tnh vi cc gi tr khc nhau ca dng in st.

Khi ng dy ti in b st nh vo khong vt ca dy chng st th
s sinh ra cc in p l:
in p tc dng ln cch in khng kh gia dy dn v dy chng st.
in p tc dng ln cch in ca chui s.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Nu cc in p ny ln th s gy ra phng in st trn cch in lm

ct in trn ng dy.
Sut ct in do qu in p tc dng ln cch in khng kh gia dy
dn v dy chng st (ta xt vi pha B hoc C v h s ngu hp ca 2 pha
ny nh hn pha ca pha A).
U cd (1 K vq ).
a.l
( kV )
3
(3-17)
Trong Kvq: h s ngu hp gia dy dn v dy chng st c k n

vng quang.
a: dc dng in st.
l: khong vt ca ng dy.
T ta c th tnh c xc sut phng in v tnh cc gi tr Np v np.
Trong thit k v thi cng ng dy, thng chn khong cch gia cc
dy ln trnh chm dy nn kh nng xy ra phng in trong trng
hp ny t xy ra v d c xy ra th xc sut hnh thnh h quang cng rt
nh. V vy sut ct trong trng hp ny c th b qua.
Sut ct in do qu in p tc dng ln chui s.
in p tc dng ln chui s khi st nh vo khong vt ca dy
chng st l:
U cd (t ) U c (t ) U lv
(3-18)
Trong : Ulv l in p lm vic.

2
U lv
2
3
.U . sin(.t ).dt 0,52.U dm
(3-19)
U lv 0,52.220 114,4( kV )
Uc(t): in p ti nh ct.
di
Rc .is (t )
Lc s .(1 K )
2
2.dt
U c (t )
(3-20)
Vi dng sng xin gc xt vi thi gian t ds th:

a
Rc .a.t
Lc . .(1 K )
2
2
U c (t )
Ta c: Rc l in tr ni t ct in RC 15 .
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(3-21)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Lc: in cm thn ct LC L0 .hC vi l 0 0,6H ; hC 27 m .

LC 0,6.27 16,2 ( H )
Kvq: h s ngu hp c k n nh hng ca vng quang pha B(C) vi

dy chng st
K vq 0,18.
Thay vo cng thc 3-21 ta c:

a
15.a.t
16, 2. .(1 0,181)
2
2
0,819.a.(7,5.t 8,1) (kV)
U c (t )
Theo 3-19 th:

U cd (t ) 0,819.a.(7,5.t 8,1) 114, 4(kV)
Ta thy Uc(t) = f(a,t). V vy ta cn kim tra vi nhiu gi tr a, t nh sau

a = 10, 20, 30, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100(kA/ s ).
t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ( s ).
Ta c bng sau:
Bng 3- 2: Gi tr Uc(a,t) tc dng ln chui s
a
t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
180,82
242,32
303,82
365,32
426,82
488,32
549,82
611,32
672,82
734,32
795,82
20
247,24
370,24
493,24
616,24
739,24
862,24
985,24
1108,24
1231,24
1354,24
1477,24
30
40
313,66
498,16
682,66
867,16
1051,66
1236,16
1420,66
1605,16
1789,66
1974,16
2158,66
50
380,08
626,08
872,08
1118,08
1364,08
1610,08
1856,08
2102,08
2348,08
2594,08
2840,08
60
446,5
754
1061,5
1369
1676,5
1984
2291,5
2599
2906,5
3214
3521,5
70
512,92
881,92
1250,92
1619,92
1988,92
2357,92
2726,92
3095,92
3464,92
3833,92
4202,92
579,34
1009,84
1440,34
1870,84
2301,34
2731,84
3162,34
3592,84
4023,34
4453,84
4884,34
ng thi ta cng c bng c tnh V-S ca chui s
80
90
645,76
1137,76
1629,76
2121,76
2613,76
3105,76
3597,76
4089,76
4581,76
5073,76
5565,76
4,5
100
712,18
1265,68
1819,18
2372,68
2926,18
3479,68
4033,18
4586,68
5140,18
5693,68
6247,18
nh sau:
Bng 3-3: c tnh phng in ca chui s,

t
10
2010
1740
1580
1440
1360
1220
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
778,6
1393,6
2008,6
2623,6
3238,6
3853,6
4468,6
5083,6
5698,6
6313,6
6928,6
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Da vo bng 3.2 v 3.3 ta v th biu din mi quan h ca U c(t) v

c tnh phi tuyn V-S ca chui s
,
Hnh 3-5: th Uc(a,t).

T th ny ta xc nh c cc cp thng s (I i,ai) l giao ca
ng cong Uc(t) v c tuyn V-S,Da vo cc cp thng s ny ta xc nh
c ng cong nguy him I=f(a) t xc nh c min nguy him v
xc sut phng in pd ,
pd P (a, I ) MNH
n
pd Ii .ai
i 1
pd I .(a
i 1
i 1
Ii e
Ii
26 ,1
ai )
(3-24)
(3-22)
(3-25)
a
i
10 , 9
(3-26)
a e
i
Ta c bng sau:
Bng 3-4: c tnh xc sutt phng in pd .
TRN TN ANH
(3-23)
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Thng qua cc kt qu tnh ton cho bng 3,4 ta c:

n
i 1
i 1
pd A I . a 0,00105
Sut ct in ca ng dy khi st nh vo khong vt ca dy chng

st,
n kv N kv . . pd
100,833.0,67.0,00105 0,071 (ln/100km,nm)
c) Tnh sut ct do st nh vo nh ct v ln cn nh ct.

n gin v d tnh ton ta gi thit st ch nh vo nh ct
in, khi phn ln dng in st s i vo ni t ct in, phn nh cn
li s i theo dy chng st vo cc b phn ni t ca cc ct ln cn nh
hnh v,
hc=27m
ics
hc=27m
ics
i 0
Uc
ic
Lkv
Rc
Lkv
Rc
Hnh 3-6: St nh vo nh ct c treo dy chng st,
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
Rc
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Trong trng hp ny ta phi tnh ton sut ct cho pha c qu in

p t ln cch in ln nht Uc(t) max,Do ta phi tin hnh tnh ton in
p t ln cch in i vi tng pha,
Uc(t) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
dd
dd
U cd (t ) U c (t ) U cu
.tu (t ) U cu .dien (t ) U dcs (t ) U lv
(3-27)
Theo cng thc trn in p xut hin trn cch in khi st nh vo

nh ct bao gm,
Thnh phn in p ging trn ct,
U c (t ) ic .Rc Ldd
c .
dic
(3-28)
dt
Thnh phn in p cm ng t xut hin do h cm ca dy dn v

knh st gy ra,
dd
U cu
.tu (t ) M dd (t ).
di s
dt
v.t H
h
H
M dd (t ) 0,2.hdd . ln
. ln
1
(1 ).H 2.hdd
h
(3-29)
(3-30)
Vi: hdd l cao ca dy dn

H = hc + hdd,
h hc hdd ,
: h s vn tc ca dng in st c ly = 0,3,
v = ,c vi c l vn tc truyn sng c = 300m/ s ,

dd
Khi tnh ton vi dng sng xin gc i s= a,t ta c th tnh U cu
.tu (t ) theo
cng thc sau:

dd
U cu
.tu (t ) M dd (t ).a
(3-31)
Thnh phn in p cm ng do cm ng tnh in gia dy dn v

in tch ca dng in st,
dd
U cu
.dien (t ) (1 K .
(v.t hc ). (v.t H ).(v.t h)

h c 0,1.a.hdd
).
. ln
hdd
(1 ) 2 .hc . h.H
Trong : a l dc u sng ca sng xin gc,
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(3-32)
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
K: h s ngu hp c k n nh hng ca vng quang,

Thnh phn in p do dng in st i trn dy chng st gy ra,
dic
U dcs (t ) K . ic .Rc Ldcs

a.M cs (t )
c .
dt
(3-33)
v.t 2.hc
M cs (t ) 0,2.hc . ln
1
2.(1 ).hc
Vi:
(3-34)
Thnh phn in p lm vic,
U lv
2 2
.
0
2
.U dm . sin(.t ).dt 0,52.U dm
3
(3-35)
Ta ln lt i tnh cc thnh phn i vi cc pha, tnh c cc thnh

phn in p ta cn phi tnh c dng in i vo ct i c(t) v thnh phn
bin thin dng in theo thi gian
dic
,Khi tnh ton dng in ny ta c th
dt
da vo s tng ng ca mch dn dng in st trong hai trng hp

nh sau:
+ Khi cha c sng phn x t ct bn cnh v t
2.l kv
,
v
2.ics
ic
is
ics
ic
ics
Mcs(t)
dis
dt
cs
Lc
Zcs
2
is
Rc
Hnh 3-7: S tng ng mch dn dng in st khi cha c sng phn

x.
cs
Trong Lcs
c l in cm ca ct, Lc l0 .hc
Rc: in tr ni t ct in,
Zcs: tng tr sng dy chng st c k n nh hng ca vng quang,
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
T s ta tnh c:
Z
a
( Z cs .t 2.M cs (t ) cs )
Z cs 2.Rc
1
dic
a
.Z cs
dt Z cs 2.Rc
ic ( a , t )
(3-37)
Z cs 2.Rc
2.Lcsc
+ Khi c sng phn x t ct ln cn v t
(3-38)
2.l kv
,
v
2.ics
is
ics
(3-36)
M cs(t)
dis
dt
ic
ics
cs
Lc
L cs
2
Rc
Rc
2
is
ic
Hnh 3-8: S tng ng mch dn dng in st khi c sng phn x,

Vi: Lcs l in cm ca mt khong vt ca dy chng st,
Lcs
Ta c
ic ( a , t )
Z cs .lkv
c
(3-39)
a
.t
( Lcs 2.M cs (t )).(1 e 2 ) (3-40)
2.Rc
dic
a
.t
( Lcs 2.M cs (t )). 2 .e 2

dt
2.Rc
2.Rc
Lcs 2.Lcsc
(3-41)
(3-42)
in p t ln cch in pha A,
so snh Uc(a,t) ta s tin hnh so snh vi 1 gi tr c th nh sau:
a= 10kA/ s ; t = 3 s
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Ta c cc thng s i vi pha A nh sau.

Ldd
c l 0 .h A 0,6.21 12,6( H )
Lcsc l 0 .hcs 0,6.27 16,2( H )
Z .l
555,48.320
Lcs cs kv
581,407( H )
c
300
K 0,235; RC 15; 0,3; c 300m / s
v 0,3.300 90(m / s )
H hC hdd 27 21 48(m)
h hc hdd 27 21 6( m)
U dm 220kV .
T cc thng s trn ta tnh c cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn in p

nh sau.
t 3s
2.l kv 2.320
2,133 ( s )
v
300
thi gian ny c sng phn x t ct ln cn v do in p t ln

cch in c tnh theo s hnh 3-9.
90.3 2.27
M cs 0,2.27. ln
1 13,66( H )
2.(1 0,3).27
2.15
2
0,049
581,407 2.16,2
10
ic
(581,407 2.13,66).(1 e 0, 049.3 ) 25,189 ( kA )
2.15
dic
10
(581,407 2.13,66).0,049.e 0, 049.3 ) 7,796

dt
2.15
( kA / s )
Thnh phn in p ging trn ct.

U c ( a, t ) U c (10,3) 25,189.15 12,6.7,796 476,071 ( kV
Thnh phn in p cm ng do h cm gia dy dn v knh st.
90.3 48
6
48
M dd 0,2.21. ln
. ln
1
(1 0,3).48 2.21
6
9,79( H )
dd
U cu
.tu M dd .a 9,79.10 97,9( kV )
Thnh phn in p cm ng do cm ng tnh in gia dy dn v in

tch dng in st.
27 0,1.10.21 (90.3 27). (90.3 48).(90.3 6)
).
.ln
21
0,3
(1 0,3) 2 .27. 6.48
231,383(kV )
U cudd.dien (1 0, 235.
Thnh phn in p do dng in st i trong dy chng st gy ra.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
U dcs 0,235.( 25,189.15 16,2.7,796 10.13,66) 150,299 kV
Thnh phn in p lm vic.

U lv 0,52.220 114 ,4( kV )
Vy in p tc dng ln cch in pha A.

A
U cd
(a, t ) U cdA (10,3) 476, 07 97,92 231,383 150, 299 114, 4
769, 475(kV )
in p tc dng ln cch in pha B hoc C.

Tnh ton tng t pha A ta c:
in p tc dng ln cch in pha B.
B
B
U cd
( a, t ) U cd
(10,3) 687,946 (kV )
Kt lun.
Vy pha A c Uc(t) ln hn nn ta s tip tc tnh ton in p t ln
cch in chui s trong trng hp tng qut l vi pha A.
Tnh ton qu in p t ln chui s Uc(a,t).
tnh c Uc(a,t) ta cn phi tnh cc thnh phn in p nh sau:
Thnh phn in p lm vic:
U lv 114, 4(kV )
Thnh phn in p cm ng do cm ng tnh in gia dy dn v in

tch dng in st.
dd
U cu
. dien (1 0,235.
(90.t 27). (90.t 48).(90.t 6)

27 0,1.a.21
).
. ln
(kV )
21
0,3
(1 0,3) 2 .27. 6.48
dd
U cu
. dien ( a , t ) 4,889.a. ln
(90.t 27). (90.t 48).(90.t 6)

774,37
Kt qu tnh ton vi cc a,t khc nhau cho bng sau:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
(kV )
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Bng 3-5: Gi tr U cudd.dien (a, t ) .

a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
0 -25,654 -51,308 -76,963 -102,617 -128,271 -153,925 -179,579 -205,233 -230,888 -256,542
0,5 90,780 181,561 272,341 363,121 453,902 544,682 635,463 726,243 817,023 907,804
1 139,626279,252 418,879 558,505 698,131 837,757 977,383 1117,009 1256,6361396,262
1,5171,832343,664 515,497 687,329 859,161 1030,9931202,8251374,6581546,4901718,322
2 195,962391,923 587,885 783,847 979,808 1175,770 1371,7311567,6931763,6551959,616
2,1200,144400,288 600,432 800,575 1000,7191200,8631401,0071601,1511801,2952001,439
3 231,392462,784 694,176 925,568 1156,9591388,3511619,7431851,1352082,5272313,919
4 257,324514,648 771,972 1029,2961286,6201543,9441801,2682058,5922315,9162573,240
5 277,794555,587 833,381 1111,174 1388,9681666,7621944,5552222,3492500,1432777,936
6 294,708589,416 884,124 1178,832 1473,5401768,2482062,9562357,6652652,3732947,081
7 309,122618,244 927,366 1236,4881545,6101854,7322163,8542472,9762782,0983091,220
8 321,681643,362 965,042 1286,7231608,4041930,0852251,7662573,4472895,1273216,808
9 332,808665,616 998,424 1331,2321664,0401996,8492329,6572662,4652995,2733328,081
10 342,797685,5941028,3911371,1891713,9862056,7832399,5802742,3773085,1743427,972
Thnh phn in p cm ng do h cm gia dy dn v knh st.
90.t 48
6
48
M dd (t ) 0,2.21. ln
. ln
1
(1 0,3).48 2.21
6
90.t 48
4,2. ln
0,7 ( H )
62,4
90.t 48
dd
U cu
0,7 ( kV )
.tu ( a , t ) 4, 2.a. ln
62
,
4
Kt qu tnh ton vi cc a,t khc nhau cho bng.

dd
Bng 3-6: Gi tr U cu
.tu ( a , t ) ,
a
t
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
16,159 32,318 48,477 64,636 80,795 96,954 113,113 129,272 145,431 161,590
32,931 65,862 98,794 131,725164,656197,587230,519263,450 296,381 329,312
44,885 89,769 134,654179,539224,423269,308314,192359,077 403,962 448,846
54,179 108,358162,537216,716270,895325,073379,252433,431 487,610 541,789
61,785 123,569185,354247,138308,923370,707432,492494,276 556,061 617,845
63,153 126,307189,460252,613315,766378,920442,073505,226 568,380 631,533
73,802 147,604221,407295,209369,011442,813516,615590,417 664,220 738,022
83,135 166,270249,405332,541415,676498,811581,946665,081 748,216 831,352
90,767 181,533272,300363,067453,833544,600635,366726,133 816,900 907,666
97,222 194,445291,667388,889486,112583,334680,556777,779 875,001 972,223
102,817 205,633308,450411,267514,083616,900719,717822,534 925,350 1028,167
107,753 215,505323,258431,011538,764646,516754,269862,022 969,774 1077,527
112,169 224,338336,507448,677560,846673,015785,184897,3531009,522 1121,692
116,165 232,330348,495464,660580,825696,990813,156929,3211045,486 1161,651
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Thnh phn in p ging trn ct.

tnh c phn ny ta cn tnh trong hai trng hp.
+ Khi cha c sng phn x v t
2.320
2,133 ( s )
300
90.t 2.27
M cs (t ) 0,2.27. ln
1
2.(1 0,3).27
90.t 54
5,4. ln
1 ( H )
70
,
2
389,335 2.15
1
12,942
2.16,2
a
389,335
ic ( a, t )
(389,335.t 2.M cs (t )
)
389,335 2.15
12,942
a
(389,335.t 2.M cs (t ) 30,082)(kA)

419,335
dic ( a, t )
a
.389,335 0,928.a
dt
389,335 2.15
+ Khi c sng phn x v t
( kA / s )
2.320
2,133 ( s )
300
90.t 2.27
M cs (t ) 0,2.27. ln
1
2.(1 0,3).27
90.t 54
5,4. ln
1 ( H )
70,2
2.15
0,049
581,407 2.16,2
a
(581,407 2.M cs (t )).(1 e 0, 049.t )
2.15
a
(581,407 2.M cs (t )).(1 e 0, 04 t .t )( kA)

30
dic ( a, t )
a
(581,407 2.M cs (t )).0,049.e 0, 049.t

dt
30
a
(581,407 2.M cs (t )).e 0, 049.t ( kA / s )

613,8
ic ( a , t )
Kt qu tnh ton cho bng:

Bng 3-7: Gi tr I C (a, t ) .
a
t
10
20
30
40
50
0 -0,907 -1,815 -2,722 -3,629 -4,537
TRN TN ANH
60
-5,444
70
-6,351
HT4-K48
80
-7,259
90
-8,166
100
-9,074
N TT NGHIP
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,1
3,579
8,125
12,697
17,284
18,203
7,158
16,249
25,394
34,568
36,406
K THUT IN CAO P
10,736
24,374
38,091
51,852
54,609
14,315
32,498
50,787
69,137
72,812
17,894
40,623
63,484
86,421
91,014
21,473
48,748
76,181
103,705
109,217
25,052
56,872
88,878
120,989
127,420
28,631
64,997
101,575
138,273
145,623
32,209
73,122
114,272
155,557
163,826
80
90
35,788
81,246
126,969
172,842
182,029
Khi c sng phn x t ct ln cn tr v

a
t
2,1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
18,161 36,323 54,484 72,646 90,807 108,968 127,130 145,291

25,249 50,498 75,747 100,997 126,246 151,495 176,744 201,993
32,717 65,433 98,150 130,867 163,583 196,300 229,017 261,733
39,788 79,576 119,364 159,152 198,940 238,729 278,517 318,305
46,491 92,981 139,472 185,963 232,454 278,944 325,435 371,926
52,848 105,695 158,543 211,391 264,239 317,086 369,934 422,782
58,880 117,759 176,639 235,519 294,398 353,278 412,158 471,037
64,605 129,210 193,815 258,420 323,025 387,630 452,235 516,840
70,041 140,081 210,122 280,162 350,203 420,243 490,284 560,324
Bng 3-8: Gi tr
a
t
10
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,1
-0,907
3,579
8,125
12,697
17,284
18,203
20
-1,815
7,158
16,249
25,394
34,568
36,406
30
-2,722
10,736
24,374
38,091
51,852
54,609
40
-3,629
14,315
32,498
50,787
69,137
72,812
50
-4,537
17,894
40,623
63,484
86,421
91,014
100
163,453
227,242
294,450
358,093
418,416
475,630
529,917
581,445
630,365
181,614
252,491
327,167
397,881
464,907
528,477
588,797
646,049
700,406
dI C ( a, t )
.
dt
60
-5,444
21,473
48,748
76,181
103,705
109,217
70
-6,351
25,052
56,872
88,878
120,989
127,420
80
-7,259
28,631
64,997
101,575
138,273
145,623
90
-8,166
32,209
73,122
114,272
155,557
163,826
100
-9,074
35,788
81,246
126,969
172,842
182,029
80
90
100
73,711
70,138
66,465
63,043
59,834
56,815
53,966
51,273
48,725
81,902
77,931
73,850
70,048
66,483
63,127
59,962
56,970
54,139

a
t
2,1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
8,190
7,793
7,385
7,005
6,648
6,313
5,996
5,697
5,414
20
16,380
15,586
14,770
14,010
13,297
12,625
11,992
11,394
10,828
TRN TN ANH
30
24,570
23,379
22,155
21,014
19,945
18,938
17,989
17,091
16,242
40
32,761
31,173
29,540
28,019
26,593
25,251
23,985
22,788
21,656
50
40,951
38,966
36,925
35,024
33,241
31,564
29,981
28,485
27,069
60
49,141
46,759
44,310
42,029
39,890
37,876
35,977
34,182
32,483
HT4-K48
70
57,331
54,552
51,695
49,033
46,538
44,189
41,973
39,879
37,897
65,521
62,345
59,080
56,038
53,186
50,502
47,969
45,576
43,311
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Vy thnh phn in p ging ln ct:

U C ( a, t ) 15.iC ( a, t ) 16,2.
diC ( a, t )
dt
Kt qu tnh ton cho bng:

Bng 3-9: Gi tr U C (a, t ) ,
a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
0 -28,309 -56,619 -84,928 -113,238 -141,547 -169,856 -198,166 -226,475 -254,785 -283,094
0,5 111,659 223,319 334,978 446,638 558,297 669,957 781,616 893,2751004,935 1116,594
1 253,488 506,976 760,4641013,9521267,4401520,9281774,4162027,9042281,392 2534,880
1,5396,142 792,285 1188,4271584,5691980,7122376,8542772,9963169,1393565,281 3961,423
2 539,2661078,5311617,7972157,0622696,3283235,5943774,8594314,1254853,391 5392,656
2,1567,930 1135,8611703,7912271,7212839,6513407,5823975,5124543,442 5111,372 5679,303

a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
2,1 405,102 810,2041215,3061620,4072025,509 2430,6112835,7133240,815 3645,917 4051,018
3 504,9861009,9711514,9572019,9422524,9283029,9133534,8994039,884 4544,870 5049,855
4 610,3871220,7741831,1612441,5483051,9353662,3224272,7104883,097 5493,484 6103,871
5 710,2991420,5972130,8962841,1953551,4944261,7924972,0915682,390 6392,688 7102,987
6 805,0631610,1262415,1883220,2514025,3144830,3775635,4396440,502 7245,565 8050,628
7 894,9831789,9652684,9483579,9314474,9135369,8966264,8797159,861 8054,844 8949,827
8 980,3331960,6662940,9993921,3324901,6655881,9986862,3317842,664 8822,997 9803,330
9 1061,3662122,7313184,0974245,4625306,8286368,1937429,5598490,925 9552,290 10613,656
10 1138,3132276,6273414,9404553,2545691,5676829,8807968,1949106,50710244,821 11383,134
Thnh phn in p do dng in st i trn dy chng st gy ra.

Tng t tnh c ic(a,t) v
dic (a, t )
nh thnh phn in p ging
dt
trn thn ct.

U dcs (t ) 0,235.(15.ic ( a, t ) 16,2.
dic ( a, t )
a.M cs (t ))(kV )
dt
Kt qu tnh ton vi cc gi tr (a,t):

Bng 3-10: Gi tr U dcs (a, t ) .
a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
0
-2,708 -5,416 -8,124 -10,832 -13,539 -16,247 -18,955 -21,663 -24,371 -27,079
0,5 -43,292 -86,585-129,877-173,170-216,462-259,755 -303,047 -346,339 -389,632 -432,924
1 -81,377-162,754-244,131-325,508-406,885-488,262 -569,639 -651,016 -732,393 -813,770
1,5 -118,352-236,703-355,055-473,406-591,758 -710,110 -828,461 -946,813-1065,164 -1183,516
2 -154,696-309,392-464,088-618,783-773,479-928,175-1082,871-1237,567-1392,263 -1546,958
2,1 -161,911-323,822-485,733-647,644-809,555-971,466 -1133,377-1295,288-1457,199 -1619,109
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P

a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
2,1-123,646-247,293-342,491 -437,690 -532,889 -628,088 -723,287 -818,486 -913,685 -970,711
3 -150,770-301,539 -420,211 -538,882 -657,554 -776,226 -894,897-1013,569 -1132,240 -1205,437
4 -178,650-357,299-500,740 -644,181 -787,622 -931,063-1074,504-1217,945-1361,386 -1453,131
5 -204,625-409,250-576,170 -743,091 -910,011-1076,931-1243,851-1410,771-1577,692 -1687,923
6 -228,980-457,959-647,149 -836,339-1025,529-1214,718-1403,908-1593,098-1782,288 -1910,619
7 -251,901-503,802-714,123 -924,444 -1134,765-1345,086-1555,407-1765,728-1976,049 -2121,930
8 -273,527-547,054-777,432 -1007,811-1238,189-1468,567-1698,945-1929,324-2159,702 -2322,504
9 -293,966-587,931-837,352-1086,773-1336,194-1585,615-1835,036-2084,457-2333,878 -2512,930
10 -313,306-626,612 -894,115 -1161,619-1429,123-1696,626-1964,130-2231,634-2499,137 -2693,758
T cc thnh phn in p ta tnh c Uc(a,t).

dd
dd
U cd (a, t ) U C ( a, t ) U cu
.dien ( a , t ) U cu .tu ( a, t ) U dcs ( a, t ) U lv
Kt qu tnh ton vi cc a,t khc nhau cho bng

Bng 3-11: Gi tr U cd ( a, t ) .
a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
0 -40,512 -81,025 -121,537 -162,050 -202,562 -243,075 -283,587 -324,099 -364,612 -405,124
0,5 192,079 384,157 576,236 768,314 960,393 1152,472 1344,550 1536,629 1728,707 1920,786
1 356,622 713,2441069,8651426,4871783,1092139,731 2496,353 2852,975 3209,596 3566,218
1,5 503,8021007,604 1511,4062015,2072519,009 3022,811 3526,613 4030,415 4534,217 5038,018
2 642,3161284,6321926,9482569,264 3211,5803853,896 4496,211 5138,527 5780,843 6423,159
2,1 669,3161338,6332007,9492677,2663346,5824015,899 4685,215 5354,532 6023,848 6693,165

a
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
2,1-123,646-247,293-342,491 -437,690 -532,889 -628,088 -723,287 -818,486 -913,685 -970,711
3 -150,770-301,539 -420,211 -538,882 -657,554 -776,226 -894,897-1013,569 -1132,240 -1205,437
4 -178,650-357,299-500,740 -644,181 -787,622 -931,063-1074,504-1217,945-1361,386 -1453,131
5 -204,625-409,250-576,170 -743,091 -910,011-1076,931-1243,851-1410,771-1577,692 -1687,923
6 -228,980-457,959-647,149 -836,339-1025,529-1214,718-1403,908-1593,098-1782,288 -1910,619
7 -251,901-503,802-714,123 -924,444 -1134,765-1345,086-1555,407-1765,728-1976,049 -2121,930
8 -273,527-547,054-777,432 -1007,811-1238,189-1468,567-1698,945-1929,324-2159,702 -2322,504
9 -293,966-587,931-837,352-1086,773-1336,194-1585,615-1835,036-2084,457-2333,878 -2512,930
10 -313,306-626,612 -894,115 -1161,619-1429,123-1696,626-1964,130-2231,634-2499,137 -2693,758
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Ta c th biu din mi quan h ca Uc(t) v c tnh phi tuyn VS

ca chui s.
Hnh 3-9: th Uc(a,t)

T th ny ta xc nh c cc cp thng s (I i,ai) l giao ca ng
cong Uc(a,t) v c tuyn V S. Da vo cc cp thng s ny ta xc nh
c ng cong nguy him I = f(a) t xc nh c min nguy him v
xc sut phng in Vp.
Bng 3-12: c tnh xc sut phng in pd .
a (kA / S ) 10
t ( s )
I (kA)
8,65
86,5
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2,5
50
1,4
42
1
40
0,8
40
0,7
42
0,6
42
0,5
40
0,45
40,5
0,4
40
0,036 0,14720,200040,215980,215980,200040,20004 0,21598 0,21188 0,21591
0,399 0,15960,063780,025480,010180,004060.00162 0,00064 0,00025 0,0001
ai
0,239 0,09580,038290,015300,006110,002440,00097 0,00039 0,00015 0,00010
I . a 0,008 0,014 0,007660,00330 0,0013 0,000480,000198,42E-05 3,3E-05 2,24E-05

i
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Vy:
n
Sut ct in ca ng dy
pd I .a 0, 036
i 1
khi st nh vo khong vt ca dy chng st.

n kv N kv . . pd 100,883.0,67.0,036 2,4 (ln/100km.nm).
Sut ct tng cng do st nh vo ng dy.

Sut ct in do st nh vo ng dy.
nc n dd nkv n dc 0,323 0,0071 2,4 2,73
(ln/100km.nm)
Ch tiu chng st ca ng dy ti in.

n
TRN TN ANH
1
1
0,366
nc
2,73
(nm/1ln ct in).
HT4-K48
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
CHNG 4. BO V CHNG ST TRUYN VO

TRM BIN P T PHA NG DY 220 KV
4.1 Khi nim chung.
Bo v chng st i vi trm bin p c yu cu rt cao v trong trm
c nhng thit b quan trng nh my bin p, my ct m cch in ca
cc thit b ny li yu hn so vi cch in ca ng dy. Trc tin, phng
in trn cch in tng ng vi vic ngn mch thanh gp v ngay c khi
c phng tin hin i cng vn a n s c trm trng nht trong h
thng. Ngoi ra mc d trong kt cu cch in ca thit b thng c gng
sao cho mc cch in trong mch cao hn mc cch in ngoi, nhng trong
vn hnh do qu trnh gi ci ca cch in trong mch hn nhiu nn s phi
hp c th b ph hoi v di tch dng ca qu in p c th xy ra chc
thng in mi m khng ch l phng in men theo b mt ca cch in
ngoi. Tuy khng t mc an ton tuyt i nhng khi tnh ton chn cc bin
php chng st phi c gng gim xc sut s c ti gii hn thp nht v ch
tiu chu st ca trm s nm vn hnh an ton khng c sut hin in p
nguy him i vi cch in ca trm phi t mc hng trm nm.
Ni dung ca bo v chng st trm bin p bao gm bo v chng st
nh thng bo v chng sng truyn t ng dy vo trm. Bo v chng
st nh thng cho trm c thc hin bng ct thu li nh trnh by
chng I. Trong phm vi chng ny s dnh ring nghin cu v chng
st truyn t ng dy vo trm,Mc cch in xung kch ca trm c
chn theo tr s in p d ca chng st van v c chiu hng ngy cng
gim thp do cht lng ca loi thit b ny ngy cng c nng cao. Bi
vy mc cch in ca trm khng ph thuc vo mc cch in ng dy
m cn thp hn nhiu. Qu in p do st nh thng vo dy chng st gy
phng in ngc ti dy dn hoc di hnh thc cm ng khi c st nh
gn ng dy s lan truyn t ni b st nh vo trm bin p. Trong qu
trnh , nu cn gi tr s qu in p ln hn mc cch in xung kch
ng dy th s c phng in xung t, ngha l bin ca qu in p
c gim dn ti mc in p xung kch ng dy (U50%).
.
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K THUT IN CAO P
4.2. Phng php tnh ton in p trn cch in ca thit b khi c

sng truyn vo trm.
Vic tnh ton qu in p do sng truyn vo trm c th c thc hin
trn cc m hnh hoc c tnh ton trc tip da vo quy tc sng ng tr.
Dng phng php m hnh th c th cho php xc nh c ng cong
nguy him i vi bt k trm c kt cu phc tp mc no. N gii
quyt c vn bo v mt cch chnh xc, nhanh chng,Phng php tnh
ton trc tip phc tp hn phng php m hnh v ch c dng khi trm
c kt cu n gin. C s ca phng php tnh ton trc tip l lp s
thay th v da trn quy tc sng ng tr v phng php lp bng ca cc
sng ti ln lt tnh ton tr s in p tai cc im nt chnh.
Sng truyn vo trm trn nhng khong cch khng ln gia cc nt, c
th coi qu trnh truyn sng l qu trnh bin dng. V sng khng bin dng
v truyn i vi vn tc khng i v trn ng dy nn nu c sng ti t
nt m no ti nt x, ti m sng c dng U mx(t) th khi sng ti x sng c
dng:
Umx(t)=Umx(t-t)
Vi t=l/v:
l: Khong cch t nt m ti nt x
v: Vn tc truyn sng
Hnh 4-1: Qu trnh truyn sng gia hai nt.

T y ta thy rng sng ti im x c bin bng bin sng ti ti
im m nhng chm sau so vi im m mt khong thi gian l t.
Vic xc nh sng phn x v khc x ti mt nt r rng gii c nh
quy tc P-tec-xen, v nguyn l sng ng tr,
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Theo quy tc P- tec-xen mt sng truyn trn ng dy c tng tr

sng Zmn mt tng tr tp trung Zx cui th sng phn x v khc x c
tnh nh s tng ng vi thng s tp trung nh hnh v (4- 2).
Hnh 4-2: S tng ng ca quy tc Petersen.

Vi s ny sng khc x Ux c tnh nh in p trn phn t Zx cn
sng phn x :
Trong :
Umx=Ux-Ut
Ut : Sng ti,
1. Nu Zm v Zx l cc thng s tuyn tnh, U t l hm thi gian c nh

phc hoc ton t c th tm Ux bng phng php phc hoc phng php
ton t.
2. Trng hp nt x c nhiu ng dy i n th c th lp s Ptec-xen d trn quy tc sng ng tr.
Quy tc sng ng tr :
Khi c nhiu phn t (ng dy, cc tham s tp trung R, L, C ni vo
cng mt im nh trn hnh(4- 3) cc phn t ny c tng tr sng l Z 1, Z2,
, Zn v dc theo chng c cc dng sng bt k U 1x, U2x,, Unx truyn v
pha im nt x.
Gi thit l gia cc phn t ny khng c pht sinh h cm v quy c
chiu dng in i v pha im nt x l chiu dng th ta c phng trnh
nh sau :
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Hnh 4- 3: S nguyn l sng ng tr
Ux=U1x+Ux1==Umx+Uxm
n
(i
m 1
xm
i mx ) i x
Vi :Umx=Zm.imx
Uxm=Zm.ixm
T ta c:
n
U m U xm
U
U U mx
) ( m x
)
Zm
Zm
m 1 Z m
m 1 Z x
n
n
n
n
U
Ux
U
1
i x 2. mx
2. mx U x .
m 1 Z x
m 1 Z m
m 1 Z x
m 1 Z m
n
ix (
Chia hai v phng trnh ny cho m 1
ta s c :
Ux=2.Ut-ix.Zt
Vi :
Ux : in p nt x.
Ix : Dng in i trong phn t Zx.
Zt=Z1//Z2//Z3//Zn
n
U dt (
m 1
TRN TN ANH
Z dt
.U mx )
Zm
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T cc biu thc trn ta c th rt ra c quy tc P-tec-xen.

tnh ton tr s in p v dng in nt ta c th thay th cc tham s phn
b bng cc tham s tp trung to thnh mch vng bao gm tng tr Z t v
Zxghp ni tip vi ngun e(t)=2.Ut c tr s bng tng cc sng khc x ti
im nt vi gi thit Zx=. S thay th trn hnh (4- 4)
n
m 1
m 1
e(t ) ( mx .U mx ) ( 2.
mx 2.
Z dt
.U mx )
Zm
Z dt
Z m : H s khc x ti im x ca sng truyn t mch Z .
m
3. Xc nh in p trn Zx khi n l in dung:
Hnh 4- 4: S P-tec-xen.
Khi tng tr Zx ch c t in vi in dung C th phng trnh in p
c vit nh sau
2.Ut(t)=UC(t)+Zt.iC(t)
(*)
Trong :
UC(t): in p trn t in C.
iC(t) : Dng in i qua t in C.
Zt : Tng tr sng ng tr ca n ng dy ti nt x.
Nn : Q=UC.C
M :
dq=iC.dt
Do :
iC (t )
dq C.du C
dt
dt
Thay vo cng thc (*)ta c :

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2.U dt (t ) U C (t ) Z dt . C .dtduC
(**)
T cng thc (**) ta rt ra c dng sai phn :

U C
2.U dt (t ) U C (t ) 2.U dt (t ) U C (t )
t
C.Z dt
TC
Vi TC=C.Zdt khi TC>>t th :

U C [ 2.U dt (t ) U C (t )].
t
TC
T y rt ra ta c:
UC(t+t)=UC(t)+ UC
Vi iu kin u l UC(0)=0
4. Xc nh in p v dng in trong chng st van.
c tnh chn loi chng st van :
Vic tnh ton bo v chng sng truyn vo trm chnh l vic tnh
ton chn chng st van.
Chng st van c phn lm hai loi : chng st van c khe h v
chng st van khng khe h. Ta chn loi chng st van khng khe h bo
v chng sng truyn vo trm., Bi v loi ny c nhiu u im hn chng
van c khe h, loi chng st van kiu mi m in tr c lm t ZnO ch
xit km khng khe h, h s phi tuyn ca ZnOch bng 1/10 so vi ca SiC
(loi c khe h).
Xt c tnh ca chng st van (V-A) c vit di dng : U=K.I
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Hnh 4- 5: c tnh V A ca chng st van.

Khi cho cc gi tr khc nhau :
Min II ng vi min lm vic ca chng st van (c dng in
I1kA)th in p d ca loi chng st van c in tr phi tuyn lm bng
ZnO, thp hn loi chng st van c in tr lm bng ZnO s c an ton
cao hn, ngoi ra n cn em li hiu qu kinh t do lm gim thp mc cch
in xung kch trong trm.
Min I ng vi khi khng c qu in p, dng in r trn in tr
gc ZnO rt b so vi dng in r trn in tr gc SiC v b n mc c th
ni thng loi in tr ny vo li in m khng i hi phi cch ly bng
khe h nh chng st van c in (dng in tr gc SiC).Bi vy loi ny
khng c khe h, vic khng dng khe h chng nhng lm n gin ha cu
trc ca thit b bo v, thu gn kch thc, .., m cn loi c dp h quang
ca dng in k tc trn khe h ny, mt vn phc tp trong sn xut, ch
to cng nh th nghim v kh nng dp h quang.
Trm cao p pha 220 kV s dng chng st van khng khe h c
in tr phi tuyn l ZnO.
T s P-tec-xen Hnh(4- 7) ta c phng trnh in p sau :
2.Ut=Zt.iCSV+K.ICSV
4.3. Tnh ton khi c sng qu in p truyn vo trm
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Hnh 4-6: S nguyn l ca trm

Vy trng thi vn hnh nguy him nht l trng thi vn hnh 1 ng
dy v 1 my bin p
10
CSV
20
70pF
10
10
70pF
600pF
10
2
CTG
70pF
5
5
70pF
25
600pF 70pF
1500pF
Hnh 4-7: S nguyn l ca trm trong trng thi vn hnh nguy him nht
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4
30
U50%
30
Z=400()
CSV
C4
2
40
C1
C2
3
C3
Hnh 4-8: S thay th rt gn
Trong s in dung c gi tr nh sau : (Theo bng 4 1 ti liu hng

dn thit k tt nghip k thut in cao p ca tc gi Nguyn Minh Chc)
+ My bin p :
CMBA = 1500 pF
+ Dao cch ly :
CDCL = 70 pF
+ My bin p o lng :
CBU = 350 pF
+ My ct :
CMC = 600 pF
+ Thanh gp :
CTG = CTG0,l
CTG0 =
1
1
8,33 pF
Z .V 400.300
l = 192 m : Chiu di thanh gp

CTG = 8,33, 192 = 1599.36 ( pF )
Trong s sau khi qui i ta c in dung tp chung ti cc nt nhn cc
gi tr nh sau :
C MC 20 C CL .10
600.20 70.10
70
493,33( pF )
30
30
C 10 C CL .20
C MC 30 C CL .(35 25)
+ C CL +
C2 = C TG MC
30
40
600.10 70.20
20 600.30 70.60
1599,36
70
2003,463( pF )
30
30
40
C .10 C CL .(5 15)
600.10 70.20
1500
1685( pF )
C3 = C MBA MC
40
40
10
10
C BU 70. 350 373,333( pF )
C4 = C TG
30
30
C1= C CL
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Tnh thi gian truyn sng gia cc nt.

Sng truyn ti trm l dng sng xin gc, xut hin trn ng dy
truyn vo trm vi bin ln U50%=1140(kV) v dc u sng l
a=300(kV/s).
Vy ta c thi gian u sng l :
ds
U 50% 1140
3,8( s )
a
300
Vy ta c:
300.t (kV) khi t3,8 (s)
U01=
1140 (kV) khi t>3,8 (s)
Thi gian sng i ht qung ng 1- 2 l:

L12
30
0,1( s )
t12 = v 300
Thi gian sng i ht qung ng 2- 3 l:

t 23
l 23
40
0,133( s )
v 300
Thi gian sng i ht (hoc v )qung ng 2- 4 l:

t 24
l 24
30
0,1( s )
v
300
Chn gc thi gian ti nt mt l t=0 (s) v bc thi gian tnh

t=0,01(s).
Tnh in p gia cc nt:
* Nt 1.
L nt c hai ng dy i vi tng tr sng Z = 400 ( ).Tng tr tp
trung l in dung C1.
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1
Z=400
Z=400
Z dt
C1
2Ut
Hnh 4-9: S Peterson ti nt 1.

Ta c sng phn x t nt 1 v nt 2 l U12: U12 = U1 - U21
L sng ti nt 1; U21 l sng phn x t nt 2 v nt 1 ; U 21 l sng ti
nt 1 do sng phn x U21 i t nt 2,Xt vi gc thi gian ca nt 1, Ta c
U21 chm sau U21 mt khong thi gian t = 2.t12 = 0,2 ( s), Cn U21 theo
quy c ly gc thi gian, y khng cn tnh sng phn x U10
Ta c
Zdt =
H s khc x tai im 1 :
Z
400
=
= 200 ( )
2
2
2.Zdt
2.200
=
=1
Z
400
2.Udt =
m 1
'
m1
.U m1 = U01 + U21
U01 : Sng t ng dy ti nt 1.
U21 : Sng ti t nt 2 truyn v nt 1.
Do tng tr tp trung tai nt 1 l in dung C 1 = 493,33 (pF), Nn theo
phng php tip tuyn ta c thi gian np ca mch:
T Z dt .C1 200.493,33.10 12 0,099 ( s).
U
U 1
t
( 2.U dt U 1 (t ))
T
0,01
(2.U dt U 1 (t )) 0,101(2.U dt U 1 (t ))
0,099
U 1 (t t ) U 1 (t ) U 1
Vi U 1 (0) 0
Biu thc trn cho ta tnh lin tip cc gi tr ca U 1 (t )
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'
Khi t 2.t12 0,2 s th U 21' 0 Nn 2.U dt U 01
'
'
Khi t 2.t12 0,2 s th U 21' 0 Nn 2.U dt U 01 U 21
* Nt 2.
L nt c ba ng dy i ti vi tng tr sng Z = 400 ( ), Tng tr
tp trung l in dung C2.
Z=400
1
Z=400
Z dt
Z=400
C1
2Ut

Sau khi tnh i vi nt 1 trong khong t < t 12 th phi bt u xt nt 2,
Ti nt 2 c ba ng dy ni vi in dung do ta p dng phng php
tip tuyn, y s Peterson c:
Z
400
=
= 133,33 ( ).
n
3
2.133,33
=
= 0,667
400
Zdt =
m2
n
'
'
2.U dt m 2 .U ' m 2 0,667.(U12
U 32
U '42 )
m 1
Trong cng thc trn Um2 l cc sng ti 2 do cc sng phn x t 1, 3 v

4 truyn v, Khi thi gian (tng i vi nt 2):
Khi t 2.t 23 0,266 s th U 32' 0 v t 2.t 24 0,2 s th U 42' 0
Do :
'
2.U dt 0,667U 12
vi U 12' U 12 (t t12 )
Bc u c U12 trong khong thi gian (tng i i vi nt 2)
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Bit 2.Udt, Zdt v C2 tnh c in p nt 2 theo phng php tip

tuyn.
Ta c :
T Z dt .C 2 133,33.2003,463.10 12 0,267 ( s).
U
U 2
t
( 2.U dt U 2 (t ))
T
0,01
(2.U dt U 2 (t )) 0,037(2.U dt U 2 (t ))
0,267
U 2 (t t ) U 2 (t ) U 2
Biu thc trn cho ta tnh lin tip cc gi tr ca U2(t)

in p phn x ti nt 2: U21 = U2 - U12
U23 = U2 - U32
U24 = U2 - U42
Sau khi tnh c U2 trong khong thi gian t = 2.t 12 cn tr v tnh in
p nt 1.
* Nt 3.
L nt c mt ng dy i ti vi tng tr sng Z = 400 ( ), Tng tr
tp trung l in tr phi tuyn ca chng st van, do cn tnh bng phng
php th.

Trong s trn Zdt ni vi chng st van khng khe h Zno lp song
song vi in dung tp trung ti nt 3 l C = 1685 pF.
Ta c:
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Zdt = Z = 400 ( )
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2.Zdt
2.400
=
=2
Z
400
2.U dt = U '23 2U '23
Ta c U23 l sng ti t nt 2: U23 = U2 U32

U32 = U3 U23
U32 = U32(t 2.t23)
Khi t 2.t 23 0,266 s th U 32' 0 Nn U 23' U 2
Theo phng php tip tuyn ta c:
T Z dt .C 2 400.1685.10 12 0,674 ( s).
U
U 2
t
( 2.U dt U 3 (t ))
T
0,01
(2.U dt U 3 (t )) 0,015(2.U dt U 3 (t ))
0,674
U 3 (t t ) U 3 (t ) U 3
* Nt 4.
L nt c mt ng dy i ti vi tng tr sng Z = 400 , Tng tr tp
trung l in tr phi tuyn ca chng st van, do cn tnh bng phng
php th.
Zt
2Ut
Trong s trn Zt ni vi chng st van khng khe h ZnO lp song

song vi in dung tp trung ti nt 4 l C = 373,33 (pF)
Ucsv = K.I
TRN TN ANH
csv
Trong : K = 373,5 v 0, 025

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K THUT IN CAO P
Ucsv + I.Zdt = 2.U24 = 2.Udt

Ta c U24 l sng ti t nt 2: U24 = U2 U42
U42 = U4 U24
U24 = U24(t 2.t24)
Ta tnh ngay c U4 trong khong ny bng phng php th(da
vo Udt, Zdt v c tnh V S, V A ca chng st van).
Qu trnh tnh ton c lp i lp li gia cc nt 4v 2.
c tnh chu ng ca my bin p 220kV.
Tra trong gio trnh k thut in cao p ta c c tnh cch in ca my
bin p theo in p chu ng cc i.
Um=220kV
Umax=1000kV
Bng 4-1: in p chu ng ca my bin p theo thi gian
c tnh cch in ca thanh gp

c tnh cch in ca thanh gp chnh l c tnh phng in ca chui
s
Bng 4- 2: c tnh V-S ca thanh gp.
Da vo phng trnh in p nt lp ta c bng tnh gi tr in p

trnh by trong phn ph lc. T bng ny ta v c th:
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Hnh 4-13: th in p ti cc nt.
4.4. Nhn xt.

in p ti cac nt lun nm di ng c tnh V-S ca thanh gp v
in p chu ng ca my bin p.Vy trm c bo v an ton.
Vic tnh ton qu in p do sng truyn t ng dy vo trm dng
phng php tnh ton trc tip phc tp ch c dng khi trm c kt cu
n gin. Tnh bo v chng sng truyn vo trm c khi lng tnh ton ln
do tham s ca sng t ng dy vo trm rt khc nhau (ph thuc vo
dng in st, kt cu ng dy v v tr st nh). Thc t ngi ta s dng
phng php o c trc tip hay trn m hnh my tnh in t. Vi nhng
trm n gin ngi ta c th tnh ton bng phng php lp bng. Do kt
qu tnh ton thng khng chnh xc.
Ngy nay vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin ngi ta c
th p dng rng ri cc chng trnh nghin cu qu trnh qu trong h
thng in mt cch n gin vi chnh xc cao.
4.5. Tnh ton sng qu in p truyn vo trm bng ATP.
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ATP (Alternative Transients Program) l chng trnh nghin cu

qu trnh qu trong h thng in bng cch m phng gn ng cc phn t
trong h thng.
Do ATP c s dng rng ri trong qu trnh nghin cu qu
in p chng hn qu trnh tnh ton sng truyn vo trm bin p khi c st
nh trn ng dy gn trm.
Trong chng ny ta tnh ton in p ti cc nt trong nhiu trng
hp khc nhau:
Khi c st nh ti nhiu im khc nhau trn ng dy cng nh
vi dng in st c tham s thay i.
Trm c t chng st van ti u ng dy vo trm.
Chng st van ch c t trc my bin p.
on ng dy vo trm t 1 dy chng st v t 2 dy chng st.
a) M phng ct.
Trong qu trnh m phng ty thuc vo cp in p v tng a hnh
khc nhau li s dng loi ct khc nhau do kh c th a ra mt m
hnh chung cho ct. n gin ha trong chng ny ta xt m hnh ct
nh sau.
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Hnh 4-14: M hnh m phng ct.

Trong m hnh trn ct c chia lm cc on nh vi chiu di khc
nhau tng ng (r1, r2, r3,.), Mi on ct c thay th bng tng tr
sng ZTi ni tip vi in tr, in cm ca vt liu lm ct Ri, Li nh hnh
v trn,V Rc l in tr ni t ct.
Vi ct in ca ng dy 220 kV nh hnh v ta chia lm 3 on c
chiu di ln lt: an 1 di 6m, on 2 di 6m v an 3 di 15m,C 3
on u c thay th bng m hnh lineZ-1 pha vi cc thng s:
R / L : in tr trn mt n v chiu di [/m].
Z
: Tng tr sng [].
: Vn tc truyn sng [m/s].
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V in tr ni t ca ct in thng ly t 10 n 15 c thay th
bi m hnh:
Trong RES: Gi tr ca in tr ( )
b) M phng ng dy vo trm:
ng dy mt mch loi AC-300, v dy chng st loi C-95 c thay
th bi m hnh LCC sau y:
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Vi cc thng s k thut c khai bo trong bng sau.
Trong :
Ph.no: K hiu pha.
Rin : Bn knh trong ca dy dn.
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Rout : Bn knh ngoi ca dy dn.

Resis : in tr mt chiu ca dy dn.
Horiz : Khong cch theo phng ngang n ct.
Vtower: Chiu cao ct.
Vmid : Chiu cao dy dn ti v tr thp nht.
Separ : Khong cch gia cc dy trong cng mt pha.
Alpha : Gc to bi dy dn v trc ngang ( theo chiu ngc
kim ng h).
NB : S lng dy dn trong pha.
Trm 220kV s dng s 2 thanh gp c thanh gp vng loi ACO
700/86 c thay th bi m hnh LCC:
c) M phng ngun in:
Ngun sng st:
Ngun sng st c thay th bng m hnh Heiler:
Trong :
Amp: Gi tr cc i ca ngun dng [A] hoc ngun p [V].
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
100
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
T_f : Thi gian u sng [sec],Khong thi gian tnh t thi im

t=0 ti thi im bin sng st t cc i.
Tau: Khong thi gian [sec] tnh t thi im t= 0 ti thi im
bin sng st t 37% gi tr cc i.
n : H s t l.
Tsta: Thi gian bt u [sec.],Nhn gi tr 0 nu T<Tsta.
Tsto: Thi gian kt thc [sec],Nhn gi tr 0 nu T>Tsto.
H thng in:
H thng in ni vi trm bin p c thay th bi ngun xoay chiu 3
pha AC type 14
Trong gi tr cc i ca ngun p Amp: U max
2.220
179, 629(kV )
3
d) M phng my ct:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
101
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
T-cl_1: Thi gian ng ca my ct [s].

T-op_1: Thi gian ct ca my ct [s].
e) M phng chng st van:
Chng st van khng khe h oxit km c m phng bng phn t
MOV nh sau:
Vi cc thng s:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
102
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Trong :
Vref: in p chun, thng xp x in p danh nh ca
chng st van.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
103
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Vflash: in p phng in ca khe h phng in.

Vzero: in p ti thi im ban u.
COL: S phn on ca ng c tnh V-A.
SER: S phn t ni tip trong nhnh.
ErrLim: Sai s cho php ca trng trnh.
f) M phng cc phn t khc trong trm:
My bin p, my bin in p v dao cch ly c thay th bng cc t
in, m phng bng m hnh RLC3.
g) M hnh thay th trm bin p 220kV:
Hnh 4-15: S m phng trm bin p.

TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
104
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
4.6. Kt qu tnh ton bng ATP.

Vi dng in st c bin 100 kA v im st nh cch trm bng 3
khong vt ca ng dy (3x320km):
90
[kA]
75
60
45
30
15
0
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
[ms]
0.10
(f ile 3-5.pl4; x-v ar t) c:XX0073-XX0020
Hnh 4-16: Dng dng in st.

a)Khi khng t chng st van ti u ng dy vo trm:
ng dy vo trm c bo v bng 1 dy chng st v c in tr ni
t ca ct in l 10( ).
a: in p ti u cc MBA
b: in p ging ti nh ct.
Hnh 4-17.
Nhn xt: Khi st nh vo ng dy gn trm bin p lm in p ti

u cc MBA tng vt qu gii hn cch in ca tram(900kV), Vy ta cn
t thm chng st van bo v cch in ca cc thit b trong trm.
b) Khi t chng st van ti u ng dy vo trm:
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
105
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Hnh 4-18: S m phng Trm bin p.

1.6
[MV]
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
-0.4
-0.8
0.00
0.02
(f ile 4-5.pl4; x-v ar t) v :T1A
0.04
v :T1B
0.06
0.08
[ms]
0.10
v :T1C
Hnh 4-19: in p ti u cc MBA.

TRN TN ANH
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106
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Nhn xt: Do t chng st van ti u ng dy vo trm nn hn ch

c bin ca sng qu in p truyn vo trm nhng vn cha bo v
c cc thit b trong trm, Nn ta tng cng bo v chng sng qu in
p cho trm.
c) Khi on ng dy vo trm treo 2 dy chng st:
St nh vo dy dn trong on ng dy gn trm cng nguy him
nh st nh trc tip vo phn dn in ca trm, Do an ng dy gn
ti trm c tng cng bo v bng dy chng st v gim in tr ni t.
Do trn on ng dy gn trm ta s dng 2 dy chng st vi gc
bo v nh.
1.40
[MV]
0.96
0.52
0.08
-0.36
-0.80
0.00
0.02
v :T1B
0.04
0.06
0.08
[ms] 0.10
v :T1C

d) Khi t chng st van gn my bin p ca trm:
Trong nhiu trng hp khi khong cch t MBA n CSV ti u ng
dy vo trm xa ta phi t thm 1 CSV th 2 gn MBA.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
107
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Hnh 4-21 S m phng trm bin p.

800
[kV]
580
360
140
-80
-300
0.00
0.02
v :T1B
0.04
0.06
0.08
[ms] 0.10
v :T1C
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
108
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
Nhn xt: Khi t thm chng st van gn my bin p th bin in p

ti u cc my bin p gim i ng k v bo v c cho cch in my
bin p khng b ph hng.
Vy trm bin p vi mt bng c thit k nh trong phn trc cn
c t chng st van bo v chng sng truyn ti u ng dy vo trm
v ti gn my bin p do khong cch t my bin p n ng dy l kh
ln.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
109
N TT NGHIP
K THUT IN CAO P
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. TS. Trn Vn Tp, K thut in cao p, Qu in p v bo v chng
qu in p; Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2007.
2. TS. Nguyn Minh Chc, Hng dn thit k tt nghip K thut in
cao p. B mn H thng in, trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni, 2002.
2. V Vit n, Gio trnh k thut in cao p. B mn H thng in,
trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni.
4. Nguyn nh Thng, Vt liu k thut in, Nh xut bn khoa hc v
k thut, H ni, 2005
5. GS. TS. L Vn t, Ngn mch trong h thng in, Nh xut bn khoa
hc v k thut, H Ni, 2005.
6. TS. o Quang Thc, TS. Phm Vn Ha, Phn in trong nh my
in v trm bin p, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2005.
7. PGS. TS. Trn Bch, Li in & H thng in (tp 3), Nh xut bn
khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2005.
8. J.W.Woo, J.S.Kwak, H.J.Ju, H.H.Lee, J.D.Moon, The Analysis Results
of Lightning Overvoltages by EPTM for Lightning Protection Design of 500
kV Substation; Presented at the International Conference on Power Systems
Transisents (ICPST05) in Montreal, Canada on June 19-23, 2005, Pager No,
IPST05 -111.
9. ATP Rule book XIX.I- ZnO FITTER to punch Type 92 ZnO branch
cards.
10. ATP Rule book V.E- Exponential ZnO surge arrester R(i)..
11. Pinceti, P, Giannettoni, M; A simplified model for zinc oxide surge
arresters; Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Volume 14, Issue 2, Apr 1999
Page(s):393 398.
TRN TN ANH
HT4-K48
110

Thiết kế bảo vệ chống sét cho trạm biến áp 220110kV và đường dây 220kV

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Thiết kế bảo vệ chống sét cho trạm biến áp 220110kV và đường dây 220kV

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N TT NGHIP

CHNG 1. THIT K H THNG BO V CHNG

1.2. Cc yu cu k thut i vi h thng chng st nh thng

+ i vi trm bin p ngoi tri t 110 kV tr ln do c cch in cao

1.3. Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st v dy chng st

Hnh 1- 1: Phm vi bo v ca mt ct thu st.

v trn hnh v dng cc honh

1. Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st kt

S phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c chiu cao bng nhau.

Hnh 1- 2: Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st ging nhau.

c) Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c cao khc nhau.

Hnh 1- 3: Phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st khc nhau.

Hnh 1- 4: Phm vi bo v ca nhm ct.

Vi D l ng trn ngoi tip a gic hnh thnh bi cc ct thu st.

1.3.2. Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st:

Hnh 1- 5: Phm vi bo v ca mt day thu st.

Ch : Khi cao ca ct ln hn 30m th iu kin bo v cn c

Hnh 1- 6: Phm vi bo v ca hai dy thu st.

1.4. M t trm bin p cn bo v

1.5. Tnh ton cc phng n bo v chng st nh thng cho trm

- Pha 220kV dng 12 ct 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11,12 trong ct 2,

Hnh 1-7: S b tr ct thu st

Nha dieu khien

3. Tnh ton cao hu ch ca ct thu li:

Nhm ct ny to thnh hnh ch nht c ng cho l:

5. Xt nhm ct 12,13,8 to thnh hnh tam

a= a12-13 = (30 20) 30 31,623 ( m)

- Na chu vi tam gic l:

31,623 58,181 57,5

ng knh vng trn ngoi tip tam gic l:

D = 2. p.( p a ).( p b).( p c)

Tnh ton tng t cho cc a gic cn li, kt qu tnh ton c trnh

Chn cao tc dng cho ton trm bin p.

Do , cao cc ct thu st pha 220kV l:

- Bn knh bo v cao 8m.

Bn knh bo v ca cc ct 27m (cc ct N1 N12 pha 220kV)

- Bn knh bo v cao 16m.

8. Tnh phm vi bo v ca cc ct thu st.

- Bn knh ca khu vc gia hai ct thu st l:

* Xt cp ct 12,13 c cao khc nhau

V h13 21 h12 18 ( m). Do vy ta v ct gi nh 12 c cao 21m

1,6(h12 h13 ) 1,6(27 21)

- Bn knh ca khu vc gia hai ct thu st l:

V h x 11m ho . 17,254 11,503 ( m)

V h x 16m ho ...17,254 11,503 ( m)

Tnh ton tng t cho cc cp ct cn li ta c bng:

Hnh 1.4: Phm vi bo v ca cc ct thu st

Nha dieu khien

bo v ton b x trong trm th cao dy chng st tha mn:

Nhit ng vi trng thi bo: bo =25o C

Ti trng tng hp:

24. .(bao min )

Kim tra iu kin ta thy l 64m 309, 5m

642.(9, 6.103 ) 2 .20000

g 2 .E.l12 (9, 6.103 ) 2 .20000.642

Ta c phng trnh: 3 16, 23. 2 315,12 0

cao ct treo dy thu st: h1 h f 26 0, 23 26, 23( m)

cao ln nht c bo v gia hai dy:

h ' h f 27 0, 23 26, 77(m)

cao ln nht c bo v gia hai dy:

c) Phm vi bo v ca ct thu st:

Bn knh bo v ca cc ct 21m (cc ct N17 N25 pha 110kV)

- Bn knh bo v cao 11m. h x 11m h .21 14 ( m)