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Sn phm xc xch ra i nhm tit kim v bo qun lng tht cha ch bin ti
sau khi git m. Trong sn xut xc xch th tiu chun cht lng cn c m bo
cho tt c nguyn liu c s dng. Nhng loi xc xch c sn xut u tin cha
nhiu thnh phn nguyn liu ti sng c s dng. Thnh phn chnh ca xc xch
l cc loi tht sc vt nh tht heo, tht cu, tht b, tht cc loi gia cm hoc t cc
nguyn liu khc kt hp vi cc loi tht ni trn.
Trong bi ny chng ta s tm hiu v nguyn liu nh sau:
Tht: - c th s dng tht heo, tht b hoc tht gthng s dng nht l tht
heo
L cht to ra b khung, hnh dng,trng thi, cng vi c, dai, n hi
cho sn phm
M : Lm tng bo, bng cho sn phm, tng kt dnh cho h nh tng
sau khi xay nhuyn, tng gi tr cm quan.
Da : Lm tng kh nng kt dnh, tng dai cho xc xch
Nc vy:
Gi nhit hn hp khng qu 120c trong qu trnh xay nhuyn
Lm dung mi gip ha tan cht ph gia, gia v, h tr cc thnh phn khc trong tht
kt dnh li vi nhau
Tng m v trng lng ca sn phm
Protein u nnh:
Ci thin cu trc cho sn phm
To s cn bng gia ngun protein ng vt v protein thc vt
Tinh bt: - To hnh v to kt cu c trng cho sn phm
S dng tinh bt bp v tinh bt sn
Hn hp gia v: Bao gm mui, ng, bt ngt, bt tiu,ti, gng.
Mui nitrite: - c nh mu hng t nhin ca tht khi gia nhit
C tc dng c ch, km hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt
Polyphotphate: - ci thin kh nng nh ha v gia nc ca tht
Hot ha protein trong tht
c ch v tiu dit vi sinh vt
Vitamin C: gip chng oxy ha tht trong qu trnh ch bin v bo qun do vitamin
C phn ng vi oxy, ngn cn s tip xc ca oxy vi cc thnh phn ca tht
Cht to mu mi: Lm a dng ha cc loi sn phm, ngi ta dung mt s cht
mu v hng liu to mu sc c trng. Cc cht to huwong thng dung l ng
v hng, hng tm, hng g.
I.1.2. Thnh phn ho hc v gi tr dinh dng ca tht :
Gi tr dinh dng v gi tr sinh hc ca tht ng vt c th hin tr n thnh phn
ha hc ca chng, l nhng cht c bn to n n c th ng vt, bao gm: proteiin,
cht bo, glucid, cht v c, nc, cc cht ngm ra, cc vitamin v cc enzyme. Glucid
trong tht ng vt tn ti di dng glycogen v hm lng rt t. Thnh phn ha hc
ca tht ng vt bit i theo ging loi, gi non, c ci, tnh cht nui dng, ma
v v hon cnh sinh sng ca ng vt.
S khc nhau v thnh phn ha hc ca tht ng vt v s bin i ca tht trong
qu tr nh ch bin bo qun lm nh hng n mi v v gi tr ca sn phm, n vic
bo qun cng nh qu tr nh ch bin.
Bng thnh phn ha hc trung bnh ca mt s loi tht ng vt (%)
2
M, da ng
lnh
R ng
R ng
Ra
H2 O
Cn, ct
Xay th
= 3 5 mm
Xay th
tphng = 5oC
Xay nhuyn
Gia v,
ph gia, nc
Nhi nh lng
Tit
trng
Sy kh
Lm ngui
Thnh
phm
= 5 - 10
pht
3
a) R ng
V thng
Dn nhn
Tht khi tr ng thng c nhit tm t -20 -180C. Lc ny tht ng li
thnh mt khi rt cng n n kh khn khi a vo my xay v thc hin qu trnh xay.
0
Nguyn liu sau khi r ng thng c lp mng nhn bao ph bn ngoi, khi gp
iu kin thch hp vi khun s pht trin mnh. Do cn phi ra v lm sch
nguyn liu loi tr vi khun pht trin trong qu trnh ch bin. Qu tr nh c thc
hin trong phng chun b, ra bng vi nc p lc mnh.
Tht sau khi c ra c lm ro bng cch thng gi t nhin hay nhn to.
c) Xay th
Nhm gim kch thc ca khi tht theo yu cu.
Gip chun b cho qu trnh xay nhuyn, phi trn tip theo d dng hn.
Tng b mt tip xc ca tht to thun li cho qu tr nh p.
Phi trn tht v mui mt cch ng iu khng nh hng n cht lng ca
tht p.
Bin i trong qu trnh xay th:
Vt l
Kch thc khi tht gim.
Din tch b mt tip xc tng l n.
Nhit khi tht tng l n do ma st gia dao ct v tht.
Ha l
C s khuch tn cc mui t ngoi vo trong, v nc i t trong ra ngoi.
C s bin i v hm lng cht kh.
Thm gia v, ph gia (mui, ng)
To hng cho sn phm.
Tiu dit bt vi sinh vt gy hi:
Trong mui c tnh st khun. Khi mui ngm vo tht s lm tng p sut thm thu,
lm nc trong t bo tht v vi sinh vt c chiu hng thm ra khi mng t bo cht
gy co nguyn sinh, c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt.
ng lm tng p sut thm thu tiu dit vi sinh vt.
d) Xay nhuyn, phi trn
Ch bin to ra h nh tng tht v qua qu trnh ny c s thay i su sc v
cu trc, hnh thnh cu trc gel.
5
Pha phn tn
Huyn ph
Protein t do ca mng c tng
Nhng on si tht
M lin kt
Tinh bt gia v
T bo cht bo Carotenoid
Nh tng
Cht bo t do
Ht m
Protein
Bt kh
Thnh phn
Trng thi
Tht nc
Xay th trc
Rn
Cht mu
Mui v gia v
Polyphotphat
Caseinate natri
Rn
Protein u nnh
Dch chit
10
Rn
e) Nhi, nh lng
To cho sn phm c hnh dng, kch thc n nh, ng nht.
Qu trnh nhi (chn khng) cng vi vic v bao b v ng clip cn c tc dng
hn ch s xm nhp ca oxy v cc loi vi sinh vt gy hi cho sn phm.
Qu trnh nhi ng vai tr chun b cho qu trnh tit trng lm cho sn phm c
kt dnh cao, sn phm cng u tng gi tr cm quan ca sn phm.
Cc bin i trong qu trnh nhi:
Vt l:
Ha l:
CHNG II.
II.1.
- Kim tra: nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, sn phm, thao tc ca cng nhn, nh gi
nh cung ng, v sinh.
- X l sn phm khng ph hp, gii quyt khiu ni ca khch hng.
- Ti liu, h s thc hin
II.1.4. Bin php thc hin:
C s cam kt ca gim c nh my v i ng qun l.
K hoch xy mi hoc m rng phi xem xt ph hp vi yu cu v sinh.
Hun luyn cho nhn vin cc yu cu c bn.
Nh kho cha cc loi nguyn liu, bao b, thnh phm, dng c.
Hiu qu v sinh cng nghip th hin qua kt qu kim tra vi sinh, thit b sn
phm.
II.2.
II.2.1. nh ngha
SSOP - Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure l quy trnh (th tc) thc hin v
kim sot v sinh ti x nghip.
SSOP l nhng quy phm v sinh chun nhm bo m cht lng v sinh v an
ton thc phm cho ngi ti u dng, y l chng tr nh i i h tr cho chng tr nh
GMP. Mt trong cc yu t cu thnh cht lng sn phm l cht lng v sinh
ngha l tnh khng c hi ca thc phm, thc phm khng c cha bt k c t
no hm lng nguy him cho ngi tiu th. V vy SSOP phi xy dng tr n c s
ca GMP, cng c ngha l da vo cc trang thit b, my mc, quy trnh cng ngh
ca qu trnh sn xut ra sn phm.
II.2.2. Nhng ni dung chnh c bn ca SSOP
a) An ton ngun nc
Yu cu:
- Nc c th ly t ngun nc ngm hoc t khai thc t ging khoan. i vi
ngun nc t khai thc phi thit lp mt h thng x l hiu qu, a tng.
- Phi c k hoch kim tra cht lng nc m bo ngun nc s dng l an
ton.
- Nc s dng trong thc phm phi c ly t ngun nc sch v m bo an
ton v sinh
11
b) An ton ca nc
Yu cu :
- Nc tip xc trc tip vi sn phm phi m bo an ton.
- Nc s dng trong sn xut vy phi t yu cu tiu chun 1329/2002/byt/q
ca b y t v tiu chun v sinh nc n ung v ch th s 98/83/eec ca hi ng lin
minh chu u v cht lng nc dng cho ngi.
Ni dung kim sot
- Nc sn xut nc cy, vy phi t yu cu v an ton ngun nc.
- Phng tin sn xut, vn chuyn, bo qun phi m bo yu cu v nh xng,
thit b.
- Lp k hoch ly mu kim tra, x l s c khi c kt qu.
c) Cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm:
- Mc ch l m bo v sinh cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm
Yu cu :
Cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm nh: Bao tay, ym, ng v dng c sn xut: thau,
r, dao, tht, lic, bn, bn cha, thng ra, khun, cn, PE xp khun v cc b mt
tip xc gin tip vi sn phm nh trn, tng, nn nh, n, ca knh, cc my mc
thit b, cng rnh phi m bo v duy tr iu kin v sinh tt trc khi bt u v
trong thi gian sn xut.
Ni dung kim sot
- Cu trc, vt liu ca cc b mt tip xc gin tip hay trc tip vi sn phm.
- Thit lp cc bin php kim sot vic v sinh v kh trng cc b mt tip xc.
- C k hoch kim sot, ly mu thm tra vic lm v sinh v kh trng.
+ Ha cht, nng s dng
+ Phng php v sinh, tn s thch hp
+ Gim st v lu h s v sinh
Hnh ng sa cha :
- Trong trng hp pht hin dng c sn xut cc i b h hng, v sinh khng
t yu cu, th khng cho i tin hnh sn xut v cho v sinh li dng c. Khi no
kim tra li thy v sinh dng c t yu cu th mi cho sn xut b nh thng. L
13
14
16
Yu cu
Khng c ng vt gy hi v cn trng trong phn xng sn xut, gy nh hng
n cht lng sn phm.
Ni dung kim sot
C s sn xut phi c trang b y h thng ngn chn ng vt gy hi (mn
chn, li chn) v cc bin php tiu dit, x l s xm nhp ca chng.
Xy dng h thng th tc:
- Bo tr tt h thng chng s xm nhp v tiu dit cn trng gy hi.
- Lp s v k hoch t by v k hoch phun thuc dit cn trng.
- Thc hin cc k hoch trn m khng lm nh hng sn xut, nhim bn thc
phm.
- Lp k hoch kim tra nh k
- Lu gi h s v theo di vic ngn chn, tiu dit ng vt gy hi.
j) Kim sot cht thi
Yu cu
Cht thi phi c a ra khi phn xng sn xut lin tc, khng cho php li
trong khu vc sn xut bt k loi cht thi no lm nh hng n v sinh mi trng
trong phn xng sn xut, m bo khng gy nhim cho sn phm.
Ni dung kim sot
- Kho bo qun ho cht phi c xy dng tch bit dy chuyn sn xut, cc quy
nh s dng c hng dn cho ngi c lin quan v thi hnh nghim tc.
- Lp danh mc cc ho cht s dng.
- Cc quy nh v cch s dng, liu lng.
- Cc iu kin bo qun vn chuyn, dng c cha ng v ghi nhn cho tng loi
ho cht.
- o to v cch s dng v phn cng ngi chuyn trch.
II.2.3. Phng php xy dng
Da vo quy trnh sn xut v iu kin sn xut m ra cc th tc v v sinh.
ra cc quy phm dng t c yu cu v sinh chung ca SSOP.
17
Yu cu ca biu mu gim st
T n, a ch x nghip, tn biu mu.
Ngy, t n ngi thc hin.
Cc ch tiu cn gim st.
Tn sut gim st, ngy v ch k, t n ngi thm tra.
T chc thc hin
Tp hp ti liu cn thit v xy dng cc quy phm.
Ph duyt, gim st thc hin.
o to nhn vi n, lu tr h s.
18
CHNG III.
III.1.
M t sn phm
M t (3)
Tn sn phm
Nguyn liu
Ngun nguyn
TT (1)
5
6
liu
sc sn ( VISSAN )
M t tm tt qui
cch sn phm
iu kin bo
qun
iu kin phn
phi v vn chuyn
sn phm
11
Thi hn s dng
12
Thi hn by bn
sn phm
19
13
Cc yu cu v
dn nhn
Cc yu cu, iu
kin c bit khc.
Bo qun ni kh thong,sch s.
15
Mc tiu s dng
16
i tng s dng
Tiu th i chng.
17
Cc quy nh, yu
cu phi tun th
III.2.
Cng on
Thng s k thut
R ng
Mi trng: khng kh
t nhin
Nhit phng: 50C
Thi gian r ng: 18 24
gi
Phng chun b, ra bng
vi nc p lc mnh.Sau
lm ro bng cch
thng gi t nhin hay
nhn to.
Ra
Ct tht
Xay th
Thuyt minh
Thit b r ng thng l
cn phng kn,ngi ta xp
tht vo v cho lung
khng kh lnh thi vo vi
mt vn tc xc nh
Nguyn liu sau khi r
ng thng c lp mng
nhn bao ph bn ngoi,
khi gp iu kin thch hp
vi khun s pht trin
mnh. Do cn phi ra
v lm sch nguyn liu
loi tr vi khun pht trin
trong qu trnh ch bin.
Nhit phng khi ct: Nguyn liu c a vo
0
15 C
bng mt bn ybn y
Nhit khi tht ct: -2 s y tht n vng ct,
: 20 C
tht s c ct dn cho
Kch thc khi tht c b n khi ht khi tht
dy: 14mm 22mm
Nhit khi tht trc
Xay th gim kch
khi xay: 0 20C
thc ca khi tht chun
Nhit tht sau khi
b cho qu trnh xay
0
xay: 3 4 C
nhuyn, dung my xay th
20
xay
Thm gia v, ph gia p sut thm thu tng
(mui, ng)
hng
cho
sn
phm.
Xay nhuyn
Nhi v nh lng
Tit trng
Nhit : 1210C
p sut: 1kg/cm2
Thi gian tit trng: 90100 pht
Gim nng nc
trong sn phm
Sy kh
To
III.3.
Mi nguy sinh hc: c th nhim t nguyn liu, t cc cng on ch bin trc khi
to ra sn phm gm vi khun, vi rt, k sinh trng..
Mi nguy vi khun: do cc loi vi khun c trong thc phm c th gy bnh cho
ngi hoc do nhim khun hoc do cht c do vi khun gy ra v d nh: cl.
Botulinum, salmonella
Mi nguy virus: khi c mt trong thc phm virus khng pht trin, chng khng cn
thc n, khng ln hng thc phm m virus gy bnh bng cch nhim chng c th
xm nhp vo cc t bo sng v sinh sn bn trong t bo vt ch bng vt liu ca t
bo .
Mi nguy k sinh trng v ng vt nguyn sinh: l nhng sinh vt cn vt ch ph
hp v mi trng ph hp tn ti. chng c th sng trn vt ch v trong lng vt
ch. C hai nhm k sinh trng nhim t thc phm, nc l giun sn k sinh v ng
vt nguy n sinh.vd nh: giun trn, sn l, entamooeba histolytica
III.4.
22
Cng
on
Mi nguy tim
n cn nhn
bit v kim
sot
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
vt gy bnh
hin hu.
L gii nhn nh mi
nguy
- Nhim vi
sinh vt gy
bnh.
- Nguyn tht c th
b nhim vi sinh vt c
sn trong mi trng
nui.
- Tht c th b
C
nhim trong qu trnh
vn chuyn, tip nhn.
- K sinh
trng.
- C th b nhim t
mi trng nui
Ha hc:
- Cc kim
-C th b nhim v tch
loi nng
t t mi trng nui.
(pb,As,Hg).
Tip
nhn
nguyn
liu
tht
Mi
nguy
ng
k
(c/
khng)
- D lng
thuc th y
- Ngi nui c th
dng thuc th y cha
bnh cho heo(b)
trc khi git m
- c t
aflatoxine
- Do trong qu trnh
nui ngi nui c th
dng thc n ht hn
s dng hoc thc n
thi c cha nm mc
lm thc n cho
heo(b)
Vt l:
- Cc
mnh xng
vn
- Do qu trnh pha
lt tht cn sot li c
th nh hng ng
ti u ha ngi tiu
dng.
khng
Ly nguyn liu t nh
cung ng c uy tn.
cng on ra v ct
tht.
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
Tip
vt hin hu
nhn Ha hc:
m
- B oxi
nguyn
ha
liu
Vt l:
- lng
- M l ni tr ng Khng
t nhin ca cc loi
vi sinh vt
Khng
- Lng cn st li
trong qu trnh x l
loi b trong qu
trnh ra.
Khng
24
m.
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
- C th ly nhim
vt gy bnh
t h vi sinh vt trn
ly nhim.
cn trng.
- Cht thi
- Do cn trng thi
cn trng
ra
nh: chut.
Tip
b,
nhn
Ha hc:
gia v
- Cc cht
- Do chng cht
dit cn trng
trong nguyn liu
Vt l:
- Xc cht
- C th b nhim
con trng
trong qu tr nh ng
- Tp cht
gi gia v
ct, bi, sn
R
Sinh hc
ng
- Vi sinh
S ha nhy b mt, trch
vt gy bnh ly dch bo
ly nhim
Vt l
-Bi, tc
Ra
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt
- Qu trnh ra c th
gy bnh ly
ly nhim vi sinh vt
nhim
t dng c do v sinh
khng sch.
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
- Nhim do dng c
vt gy bnh
v sinh khng sch
ly nhim
- Nguyn liu c th
Ha hc:
- Du bi
nhim du bi trn
Cn
trn my
my trong qu trnh
,Ct
ct.
Vt l:
- Cc
- Trong qu trnh ct
mnh v kim
tht cc mnh v kim
loi
loi c th ln t dao
ct hoc t thit b
Xay
Sinh hc:
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Ly t nh cung ng c
uy tn v thng hiu
trn th trng.
c bo qun ni
thong mt v c
kim tra thng xuyn.
V c kim tra
trc khi s dng v
c bo qun.
S dng ng RE.
Cc gia v khc c
ly t nh cung cp c
uy tn.
R ng ng nhit
v thi gian quy nh
Khng
Khng
Nc c x l.
Khng
Trc khi vn hnh
my, lm v sinh thit
b.
Khng
Khng
th,xay
nhuyn
- Vi snh
vt ly bnh
ly nhim
Ha hc:
- Do du
bi trn my
- C th ly nhim
do dng c v sinh
khng sch
- Nguyn liu khi xay c
th b nhim du bi trn
my
Vt l:
- Mnh
kim loi
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
vt gy bnh
ly nhim
Phi
trn
Vt l:
- Bi, ct,
t, tc,...
Nhi
nh
hnh
Tit
trng
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh
vt gy bnh
ly nhim
- K sinh
trng
Vt l:
- Mnh
kim loi t
thit b
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt gy
bnh sng st
s v c kim tra.
Khng
Khng
Khng
- Trong qu trnh
phi trn vi sinh vt
c th ly nhim t
dng c cha hoc t
cng nhn b bnh
truyn nhim, bo
h lao ng b nhim
khun
Khng
Tc cng nhn c
bi ln, ra tay, ni
phi trn c lm
sch.
- Trong qu trnh
phi trn cng nhn
c th v t nh a vo
-C th ly nhim vi sinh
vt t dng c, dy nhi
do v sinh khng sch
- Do cng nhn v
sinh khng sch
- Trong qu trnh
nhi th cc mnh rt
ca bao tay ln vo
Khng
C
-Trong qu trnh tit
trng cc thit b hot
ng khng n nh
26
Sy
Lm
ngui
Dn
nhn
V
thng
Sinh hc:
- Khng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Sinh hc:
-Khng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Sinh hc:
-Khng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Sinh hc:
-Khng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
27
Mc ch xc nh CCP:
Cc im ti cc cng on vn hnh ca s dy chuyn sn xut cn c kim
sot loi b cc mi nguy hi hoc hn ch kh nng xut hin ca chng. Thut ng
im y c hiu l bt c cng on no trong sn xut hoc ch bin thc
phm bao gm t sn xut hoc tip nhn nguyn liu, thu hoch, vn chuyn, ch bin,
bo qun
28
(1)
Tip
nhn
nguyn
liu
Cc mi
nguy
(2)
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
hin hu.
- Nhim vi
sinh vt gy
bnh.
- K sinh
trng.
Ha hc:
- Cc kim
loi nng
(pb,As,Hg
).
Cu hi 1: Ti
Cu hi 2: Ti cng
Cu hi 3: Mi
Cu hi 4:
cng on ny c on ny c c thit
nguy hi liu c
Cng on tip
tn ti bin php
k cc bin php c
vt qu gii hn
theo c loi b
kim sot khng? bit nhm loi tr hoc chp nhn hoc s hoc gim thiu
Khng: khng lm gim n mc chp tin ti gii hn
mi nguy hi n
phi CCP, nu
nhn c kh nng
khng chp nhn
mc chp nhn
bin php km
xy ra cc mi nguy
khng?
c hay khng?
theo.
hay khng?
Khng: khng
Khng: khng
C, m t bin
Khng: khng phi
phi l CCP.
l CCP.
php v chuyn
l CCP.
C: chuyn qua
C: khng phi
qua cu hi 2.
C: l CCP.
cu hi 4.
l CCP, cn ch r
cc bc tip theo
c th loi b
c CCP l g?
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
CCP
(7)
Khng
khng
Khng
khng
Khng
Khng
29
- D lng
thuc th y.
- c t
aflatoxine.
Vt l:
- Cc mnh
xng vn
Tip
nhn nguyn
liu m
-
Tip
nhn v bo
qun gia
v
-
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt
hin hu
Ha hc:
B oxi ha
Vt l:
Lng
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim.
Cht thi
cn trng
nh: chut.
b,
Ha hc:
Cc cht
dit cn
trng
Vt l:
Xc cht
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
30
con trng
-
Tp
cht
ct,
bi,sn
Ra
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Ct
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim
Ha hc:
- Du bi
trn my
Vt l:
Cc mnh
v kim loi
p
Sinh hc:
gia v - Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim
Ha hc:
- Khng
khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
31
Vt l:
Khng
H
Sinh hc:
nhit - Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
pht trin
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Xay
Sinh hc:
th
- Vi snh vt
ly bnh ly
nhim
Ha hc:
- Do du bi
trn my
Vt l:
- Mnh kim
loi
Phi
trn -
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Bi, ct,
t, tc,...
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
32
Nhi
nh hnh
-
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
ly nhim
K sinh
trng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Mnh kim
loi t thit b
Ln
Sinh hoc:
dy - Khng
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Ch
Sinh hc:
m kh - Vi sinh vt
gy nhim
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Mnh kim
loi
Ra
Sinh hc:
dung - Khng
dch
Ha hc:
mui - Khng
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Khng
Khng
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Khng
Khng
/
Khng
/
Khng
Khng
Khng
/
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
33
Sy
Vt l:
Khng
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
pht trin
- Nhim vi
sinh vt gy
bnh
Ha hc:
- Khng
Vt l:
Khng
Khng
C
C
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
/
/
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
34
Mi
nguy
Gii hn ti
hn
Gim st
Ci g
1
Tip - Vi sinh
vt gy
nhn
bnh
nguyn
hin hu.
liu
Nhim vi
sinh vt
gy bnh
3
-Tng s vi sinh
vt hiu
kh:<103/g.
Coliforms:<10/g
-e.coli:<3/g
staphylococus
aureus:0/g
-samollena:
m tnh
4
nh
gi vsv
trong
nguyn
liu
Th no
5
Kim
tra s c
mt ca
vsv, kim
xot trong
nng
cho php
Hnh
ng sa
cha
Tn sut
Thm
tra
H s
ghi chp
Ai
1 l
tht,
kim tra
1 ln
Nhn
vin
khu
tip
nhn
8
- hm
lng vsv
vt mc
cho php
th hy l
9
Xt
nghim
vi sinh
vt 1
nm/ ln.
10
- S
kim sot
cht
lng
- Bo
1
thng 1
ln, kim
35
c t
300ppb,ML:
aflatoxine 15
(mcrogam/kg)
S c
mt ca
c t
Ly
mu i
din trong
1 l
tht,
kim tra
aflatoxine. mi l tht 1 ln
kim tra vi
sinh vt
hin hu
v gy
bnh bng
cht nhn
bit, giy
cam kt
Nhn
vin
khu
tip
nhn
nguyn
liu
Tin
nghim
hnh hy l bng
giy sc
hng
k.
Nht
k kim
tra
- Bo
co vi
phm
- Bin
bn kim
tra
ca ch
hng.
36
III.6.
Mc ch:
p dng cc phng php, th tc, th nghim v cc nh gi khc cng vi h
thng gim st xc nh vic tun th chng tr nh HACCP xy dung trong thc t.
Xc nh tnh ph hp ca k hoch HACCP v xc nh h thng HACCP ang hot
ng theo ng k hoch.
37
39
40