TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA Tp HCM

KHOA IEN - IEN T

BO MON C S KY THUAT IEN

TAI LIEU HNG DAN

TH NGHIEM O IEN T
(S dung cho Sinh vien chnh qui khoa 2006)

02-2009

Mot so lu y oi vi sinh vien khi th nghiem

- e co the th nghiem tot yeu cau tat ca sinh vien phai oc trc bai th
nghiem nha, chuan b bai ra giay bao gom cac mach th nghiem, cac
cong thc phng trnh can thiet cho bai th nghiem va trnh cho
GVHD trc moi buoi th nghiem.
- Cac phan viet trong tai lieu nay ch la cac hng dan thao tac , e
hieu ky hn noi dung th nghiem sinh vien can phai oc trc phan ly
thuyet trong giao trnh KY THUAT O.
PTN Mach & o

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Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 1

Phan 1 Volt ke 1 chieu

I Tom lc
Volt ke la thiet b kha hu dung trong lnh vc ien. Mot volt ke DC co the
thc hien n gian t mot khung quay kieu t ien (PMMC) va cac ien tr tam o
mac noi tiep vi no.
II Thiet b th nghiem
- 1 nguon DC ieu chnh c
- 2 bien tr 50K, va 100K.
- 1 khung quay 0 - 50A.
- 1 EVM ( volt ke ien t) hoac volt ke so.
- Mot so ien tr.
III Trnh t th nghiem
Xac nh noi tr khung quay bang 1 trong 3 cach sau
1) Phng phap bien tr
Lap mach nh hnh 1
50 K
S
a- at gia tr ien tr 50K cc ai va nguon
DC cc tieu
b- Tang t t nguon DC en gia tr 1V
c- ong khoa S, giam t t bien tr en khi
E = 1V
50 A
kim ch th at o lech toan khung
d- Can than tat nguon roi thao bien tr ra khoi
mach, dung may o so o gia tr ien tr nay
Hnh 1
va ghi vao bang 1 tr so R1.
e- Noi lai ien tr vao mach , thay oi t t cho en khi kim ch th ung goc lech na
khung quay. Tiep tuc o va ghi lai tr so R2 vao bang 1.
f- Tnh gia tr noi tr khung theo cong thc Rm1 = R2 - 2R1
50 K
2) Phng phap phan the
S
Lap mach nh hnh 2
a- at gia tr ien tr 50K cc ai
E = 1V
va nguon DC cc tieu
V
50 A
b- Tang t t nguon DC en gia tr
E = 1V.
c- ong khoa S. Giam t t bien
Hnh 2
tr en khi kim ch th at o
lech toan khung.
d- Tnh gia tr noi tr khung quay Rm2 t cac gia tr dong va ap ghi nhan c roi ghi
vao bang 1.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

3) Phng phap ien tr Shunt

Lap mach nh hnh 3
a- Thay oi bien tr 100K en khi kim lech toan khung.
b- ong khoa S , thay oi bien tr 50K t t en khi kim lech ung mot na khung.
c- Thao bien tr 50K va 100K ra khoi mach dung may o gia tr cua no va ghi vao
R
1
bang tr so R m3 = 50K
(R50K va R100K la gia tr o c cua hai bien tr )
R 100K I FS
100K

50K

50A

E = 1V

Hnh 3
4) Tnh gia tr trung bnh cua noi tr khung quay theo cong thc sau
R + R m2 + R m3
R mTB = m1
3
Phng phap Phng phap Phng phap
Noi tr
Bien tr
Phan the
Shunt
Khung quay
R1
E (mV )
R50K
R2
I (A )
R100K
Rm1
Rm2
Rm3
RmTB
Bang 1
5) Ap dung cac gia tr RmTB tm c tnh toan tr so cac ien tr tam o cho volt ke
DC vi 3 tam o 1V , 5V, 10V .T ve mach vi ien tr tam o oc lap, ien tr
tam o chung.
6) Chon mot trong hai mach tren va lap rap volt ke: dung khung quay va khao sat
lam bo phan ch th, cac ien tr tam o s dung cac ien tr nho loai watt cam
noi tiep nhau tren project board e co tr so mong muon (co the lap bien tr va
chnh en tr so a tnh).
7) ieu chnh nguon DC e co mot gia tr ien ap trong khoang cho phep cua volt ke
va lap. Noi volt ke vao mach , ieu chnh nguon e cho kim lech mot vai v tr
tren vach chia, oc gia tr va ghi ket qua vao bang 2 : tr so E2 (la tr so tng ng
ch th cua volt ke va lap), tr so E1 la tr so o c t volt ke so (c xem nh
gia tr tin cay )
8) Tnh sai so cua moi thang theo cong thc
E E2
= 1
100 0 0
E1
B

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Tam o

ien tr RS

Tr so ien ap tng ng cac o lech

25%

0 1v
0 5v

E1
E2
E1

0 - 10v

E2
E1
E2

50%

75%

100%

Sai so
tng oi
%

Bang 2

Phan 2 Volt ke xoay chieu

I Muc ch
Thiet ke, lap rap va hieu chnh volt ke xoay chieu s dung phng phap chnh
lu ban song va toan song.
II Thiet b th nghiem
- Khung quay 1 chieu 0 - 50A
- 5 diode ban dan
- 1 variac (may bien the t ngau)
- 1 may bien the cach ly
- Mot so ien tr

Output

Input

III Trnh t th nghiem

1) Tnh toan o nhay xoay chieu cua khung quay (khung quay th nghiem phan 1)
2) Tnh toan cac gia tr ien tr tam o RV cho cac tam o tr hieu dung ien ap xoay
chieu 5V, 10V, 20V mach o hnh 4 .
3) Lap rap mach volt ke xoay chieu chnh lu ban song nh hnh ve 4 ( s dung cac
ien tr co nh e lam ien tr tam o RV)
4) a cac ien ap xoay chieu
Bien ap
Bien ap
hieu dung cho trong bc 2
Volt ke kha o sa t
t ngau
cach ly A
vao mach (dung volt ke o
cac tr so nay tai hai nut A va
220VAC
B), ieu chnh cac ien tr Rs
5v 10v 20v
e co o lech toan khung.
B
5) Thao cac ien tr ra khoi
Hnh 4
mach o cac gia tr cua chung
va ghi vao bang ket qua
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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Output

Input

6) Tnh toan cac

Volt ke kha o sa t
Bien ap
Bien ap
gia tr ien tr
t ngau
cach ly A
tam o RV cho
cac tam o tr
220VAC
hieu dung ien
5v 10v 20v
ap xoay chieu
B
5V, 10V, 20V
Hnh 5
khi chnh lu
toan ky.
7) Lap rap mach volt ke xoay chieu chnh lu toan song nh hnh ve 5 ( s dung cac
ien tr co nh e lam ien tr tam o RV)
8) a cac ien ap xoay chieu hieu dung cho trong bc 6 vao mach (dung volt ke
o cac tr so nay tai hai nut Ava B), ieu chnh cac ien tr Rs e co o lech toan
khung.
9) Thao cac ien tr ra khoi mach o lai cac gia tr cua chung va ghi vao bang ket
qua
10) Tnh sai so phan tram cac gia tr RV trong hai trng hp tnh toan va th nghiem
Bang so lieu

Chnh lu ban song

o nhay xoay chieu SAC =
ien tr tam o RV
Tam o Tnh toan o ac
5
10
20

Sai so

Chnh lu toan song

o nhay xoay chieu SAC =
ien tr tam o RV
Tam o Tnh toan o ac
5
10
20

Sai so

11) Khao sat o tuyen tnh cua khung quay: mach th nghiem nh hnh 5 chnh ien
ap tai hai nut A B bat au t zero roi tang dan moi lan 1V en khi kim lech toan
khung, ghi lai v tr goc lech cua kim tng ng vi moi tr so ien ap roi ve o th
nay. Thc hien tong t cho cac thang o con lai. Nhan xet ve o tuyen tnh cua goc
quay theo ien ap ?

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Phan 3 Bao cao th nghiem

12345-

Tom lc qua trnh th nghiem

Cac bang so lieu thu c
Giai thch cach tnh cac ien tr Rm1,2,3
Giai thch cach tnh cac ien tr tam o cho volt ke DC, AC.
Nhan xet ve tr so cac ien tr tam o va tam o trong cac trng hp chnh lu
mot va hai ban ky.
6- Hay cho biet cac thang o DC va AC volt trong cac trng hp th nghiem tren co
cung v tr cua vach chia hay khong? Tai sao ?

Trong cac bc tnh toan co the chon VD = 0,7V

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 2
Phan A : Khao sat ap ng tan so cua mot volt ke xoay chieu
I Tom lc
Cac volt ke thng co mot day tan so co ap ng khong phang. May o ch th khong
chnh xac, ch th cua no cao hn hoac thap hn cac tan so nay. S khong chnh xac
nay co the do ap ng tan so cua cac phan t nh cac diode, cach chnh lu, tu ien
va cac ien tr trong mach volt ke cung nh do anh hng cua khung quay.
II Thiet b th nghiem
-

May
phat song

Volt ke

xoay chieu
3 volt ke khac nhau.
Volt ke ch th kim METRIX
Volt ke ch th so loai thng
DT888.
Dao ong
ky
Volt ke so True RMS.
( khi o tr True RMS phai nhan ong
thi vao 2 nut AC va DC hoac o
rieng tng thang ACV , DCV roi tnh theo cong thc)
1 dao ong ky dung quan sat dang tn hieu va o tr nh ( lu y phai CALIB ngo
hang doc khi o tr nh )
1 may phat song
1 bang ien tr th nghiem.

III Trnh t th nghiem

1) Noi mach th nghiem nh hnh ve.
2) Dung dao ong ky quan sat dang song, ieu chnh may phat tn hieu sin e bien
o ngo ra khoang 2V tan so 1KHz (xem ay la tan so trung tam). oc tren moi
volt ke gia tr hieu dung tng ng tai tan so nay .
3) Tang t t tan so may phat en khi nao gia tr oc tren volt ke con khoang 90%
tr so oc c cau 2 , ghi nhan tan so nay fH
4) Giam dan tan so may phat en khi nao gia tr oc tren volt ke con khoang 90% tr
so oc c cau 2 , hoac tai v tr kim ch th bat au dao ong hay cac ch th so
dao ong trong khoang rong ghi nhan tan so nay fL
5) ieu chnh tan so may phat t fL cho en 2fH (khoang 10 tr so ), ghi lai cac gia
tr ien ap .
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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

6) Ve ap ng tan so V(f) cho tng volt ke.

Lu y : trong suot qua trnh thay oi tan so phai luon luon quan sat dao ong ky e
ieu chnh bien o may phat luon la khong oi
7) Bay gi chnh may phat song dang song vuong lng cc ( oi xng qua truc
hoanh) tan so 1KHz, bien o 2V . Dung cac volt ke o cac ien ap nay va ghi lai
ket qua vao bang gia tr. Co nhan xet g ve cac tr so nay ? No co ung theo ket
qua khi tnh bang ly thuyet hay khong ? T o hay cho ket luan ve cac volt ke.
Dang ien ap

Sin
Vuong
lng
cc
Vuong n cc
Tam giac

Tr so bien o
(oc t dao ong
ky)
VM

Tr so o t cac volt ke
METRIX
VAC

DT888
VAC

VOLT True RMS

VAC VDC VRMS

8) Lam lai th nghiem vi dang song la vuong n cc (keo nut DC Offset tren may
phat va xoay cho en khi dang song vuong nam ve mot pha cua truc hoanh).
9) Lap lai cac bc th nghiem tren vi nguon phat bay gi la song tam giac.
10) Lap lai
cac bc th nghiem tren vi nguon phat bay gi co phng trnh
u(t) = 1+ 2Sint (V) (chnh song sin bien bo 2V roi chnh nut DC offset them 1V)
11) Tnh he so dang Kf va he so nh Kp cua cac tn hieu tren.

Phan B : Khao sat anh hng cua volt ke en ien ap ang o

I Tom lc
Ban than moi volt ke khi dung o ien ap gia hai nut th eu t nhieu gay ra
sai so, tuy theo noi tr cua no ma anh hng se nhieu hay t.(xem giao trnh Ky thuat
o e hieu them chi tiet).

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

I Th nghiem
1) Thc hien o ien ap bang volt ke METRIX nh hnh ve vi cap ien tr
R1 = R2 = 1K (chon 3 tam o gan nht vi tr so can o) . Ghi ket qua vao bang
gia tr.

Tam o

Volt ke METRIX - o nhay S = K/V

Tr so ien ap tng ng vi cap ien tr
R1= R2 = 1K

R3= R4 = 100K

2) Lam tng t vi cap ien tr

R3 = R4 = 100K.
3) Lam tng t vi cap ien tr
R5 = R6 = 10M.
4) Lam lai t cau 1 en cau 3 vi volt ke
so DT888.
5) Lam lai t cau 1 en cau 3 vi volt ke
True RMS.
6) Cho biet tr so ien ap U=U0 (khi cha
co volt ke). Cho biet cach o U0
7) Suy ra noi tr cua moi volt ke.

R5= R6 = 10M

R1
12V
R2 U

VDC

Phan C : Bao cao th nghiem

1- Mo ta lai tien trnh th nghiem.
2- Trnh bay cac phng phap chuyen oi AC DC trong cac volt ke
3- Hay cho bet cac volt ke s dung trong bai th nghiem thuoc loai nao. Nhan xet ve
cac ng bieu dien V(f) a ve.
4- Trnh bay cach oc gia tr ien ap cua mot tn hieu khong sin tren volt ke khac
vach sin ?
5- Gia tr ghi nhan c tren dao ong ky la gia tr g khi e v tr AC, DC ?
6- The nao la tr hieu dung thc?
7- Giai thch nguyen nhan gay sai so cac volt ke trong phan B.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 3

Phan A : o ien tr
I Tom lc
Tuy theo day tr so va ac tnh cua ien tr ma ta co the ap dung cac phng
phap o ac khac nhau : o nong ngay tai trang thai hoat ong hoac o nguoi khi ien
tr a thao khoi mach .
II Th nghiem
1) Phng phap volt-ampe :
Dung phng phap re ngan va re dai e o tr so cac ien tr sau:
- Bong en.
- ien tr s
- ien tr day quan.
Moi ien tr tien hanh o khoang 10 lan khi tang ien ap t 0V en 20V, ghi
ket qua vao bang sau
Lan
o

Bong en
Re ngan
Re dai
U

ien tr s
Re ngan
Re dai
R

ien tr day quan

Re ngan
Re dai
R

1
2
3
4
5
2) o ien tr bang cau o chuyen dung ED
Cau chuyen ED nh hnh ve , cau o co cau tao cua cau Kelvin trong o co lap
san ien tr mau , va co tch hp mot ien ke ien t

Nut tat m va chnh o nhay cho ien ke 1

GA OFF : v tr tat
B-CH : v tr kiem tra pin
G2 : o nhay thap nhat
G1 : o nhay trung bnh
G0 : o nhay cao nhat
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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

V tr noi ien tr can o

C1 C2 v tr noi 2 au dong ien
P1 P2 v tr noi 2 au ap
V tr noi ien tr can o

4:Coc chon tam o

C1

P1

P2

V tr cap nguon DC 3V

C2

- Ext BA +

5: V tr chon tam o
x10

6: Cong tac cap nguon

x1

x0.1

x0.01 x0.001

BATT
ON

OFF

V tr noi amper

Galvano

GA

B-CH G2 G
1
GA
G0
OFF

ien ke ien t

3: Bien tr chnh can bang

2: Nut nhan kiem tra can bang

1: Nut tat m va chnh o nhay cho ien ke

Thao tac tren cau o chuyen dung

Cong tac nguon 6 va nut tat m ien ke 1 v tr OFF
Lap ien tr can o vao may
Cac ien tr gia tr ln (ien tr 2 au) th noi tat tng cap C1-P1 C2-P2 roi
noi hai au ien tr vao do.
Cac ien tr gia tr nho (ien tr 4 au) th noi 4 au dong ap theo th t
vao cac coc C1 - P1 - P2 - C2
Noi nguon DC 3V vao cau o
M cong tac nguon 6 ON
Chon tam o cho cau o bang cach cam coc chon tam o 4 vao mot trong cac v tr
chon tam 5
Bat nut tat m 1 sang v tr B-CH e kiem tra nguon pin cua ien ke, neu kim ch th
trong vung mau xanh la pin con tot
Chon o nhay thap nhat cho ien ke khi xoay tiep nut tat m 1 qua v tr G2
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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va quan sat goc lech cua kim ien ke
Chon mot tam o khac bang cach di coc chon tam o 4 sang mot v tr chon tam
ke can , nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va quan sat goc lech cua kim ien ke. C nh
vay tm ra v tr co goc lech nho nhat , o la v tr tam o ung.
Chuyen nut chnh o nhay 1 sang mc cao hn G1 , nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va
ong thi xoay bien tr chnh can bang 3 e a kim ien ke ve v tr can bang 0 (
v tr kim khong con lech trai hay phai khi nhan nha nut kiem tra can bang 2).
Lap lai tng t khi chuyen nut o nhay 1 len mc cao nhat G0 .
Khi cau o a can bang hoan toan th xac nh gia tr ien tr can o bang cach oc
gia tr tren bien tr chnh can bang nhan vi tam o ang s dung.
e co ket qua chnh xac, oi vi moi ien tr sinh vien tien hanh o toi thieu 2 lan
tren 2 thang o khac nhau. Ghi nhan cac gia tr thu c vao bang so lieu.

Loai ien tr

Lan o 1
Tam o Gia tr

Lan o 1
Tam o Gia tr

Lan o 1
Tam o Gia tr

So sanh cac tr so o c vi cau 1 ( phng phap volt-ampe).

Phan B : o ien tr tiep at

I o bang phng phap volt ke va ampe ke
1 Phng phap trc tiep
a) Nguyen tac
220V
e o ien tr coc at A RA ta ong them hai coc phu
B va C
M
Dung nguon ien xoay chieu cung cap cho vung at nh
U
. Trong o
s o. ien tr coc at A c tnh R A =
T
I
U la ien ap ri tren vung at gia hai coc A va B, I la
V
A
dong ien chay tren vung at gia cac coc.
B
A
C
M
: may bien ap cach ly
T
: may bien ap t ngau
3 coc A B C ong cach nhau toi thieu 20m.
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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

b) Th nghiem
- Thay oi v tr con chay cua bien ap t ngau e ien ap cung cap vao mach o
thay oi
- Ghi lai tr so cua dong va ap tren ampe va volt ke cua 5 lan o.
- Tnh tr so trung bnh cua coc at A.
- Tng t o cho coc at C
2 Phng phap gian tiep
Thiet lap mach o nh hnh ve.
ien tr coc A va B :
U
R A + R B = 1 (1)
I1

220V

M
T

Sau o tiep tuc o cho coc B va C, coc C va A ta co :

U
R B + R C = 2 (2)
I2
U
R C + R A = 3 (3)
I3

A
V

T 3 phng trnh tren chung ta xac nh cac gia tr RA, RB, RC.
Lu y: cac phng trnh 1, 2, 3 phai lay trung bnh sau nhieu lan o.
3 Bao cao ket qua
Lap bang ghi lai tr so cac coc at A B C trong tng lan o theo hai phng
phap trc tiep va gian tiep, tnh gia tr trung bnh cua cac coc at, so sanh va giai
thch neu co s khac nhau.
II o bang may chuyen dung
May o chuyen dung nh hnh ve
V tr noi coc at
E : ni noi coc can o
P : ni noi coc phu ien ap
C : ni noi coc phu dong ien
Nut chon chc nang
B : kiem tra nguon pin trong may
V : kiem tra ien ap ri tren coc
: v tr o ien tr at

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

V tr noi cac coc at

A:Nut chnh can bang

ien ke

C:Nut chon chc nang

B:Nut nhan kiem tra

Lap mach o nh s o ghi tren may, coc can o noi vao v tr E cac coc phu noi
vao v tr P va C theo th t.
Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr B e kiem tra nguon pin : kim ch trong vung
mau xanh la pin con tot
Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr V e kiem tra ien ap ri, neu nho hn
10VAC th cho phep o.
Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr e o ien tr at : phoi hp nhan nut kiem
tra B va xoay nut chnh can bang A e sao cho kim ien ke ch v tr 0 luc o oc
gia tr ien tr tren vach chia
So sanh ket qua vi phng phap volt ampe.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 4

o ien dung ien cam

I Tom lc
Cac gia tr ien tr, dung , cam la cac phan t thu ong , e o cac ai lng
nay co nhieu phng phap tuy nhien pho bien nhat van la phng phap cau o. Cau
o DC c dung o ien tr, cau o AC dung cho o ca R, L va C. Cac cau o AC
con co u iem la co the cho ta xac nh ca gia tr D hoac Q cua phan t.
II Th nghiem
A o ien dung ien cam bang cau n gian
Lap cau o ien dung CX nh
hnh ve nguon phat song sin chnh tr
CX
Cmau
so khoang 2V tan so 1KHz, cac hop
ien tr P , Q bat au vi tr so
a
b
1000 , tu mau khoang 0,1F.
1KHz
Chnh gia tr tu mau e sao
Q
P
cho ien ap tren 2 nut a va b giam
dan (dung dao ong ky hoac volt ke
ien t e quan sat ieu nay) , tiep
tuc chnh e cho tr so ien ap nay la
nho nhat (cc tieu), trong ieu kien ly tng gia tr nay se bang khong. Trong trng
hp viec ieu chnh lam ien ap thay oi t hoac ch lam ien ap giam ma khong i
p
qua cc tieu th co ngha la tam o (t so ) khong phu hp luc bay gi phai thay doi
q
mot t so khac cho cau o. Khi a xac nh c tr so cc tieu ghi lai cac ket qua vao
bang va tnh gia tr tu ien CX bang cach can bang cac phan thc va ao .

Lan o
P

Tu ien 1
Q
Cmau

CX (F)

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Tu ien 2
Q
Cmau

CX (F)

Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Lmau
LX
R
Tng t lap cau o
ien cam, thay cuon day
mau va ien cam LX. Tien
a
hanh o nh tren, ghi ket
qua vao bang so lieu. Trong
b
mot so trng hp do ien
P
Q
tr cuon day LX nho hn
nhieu so vi ien tr cuon
1KHz
day mau lam cho cau o
kho can bang luc bay gi ta
co the lap them mot hop
ien tr R noi tiep vi nhanh co cha LX roi tien hanh chnh can bang cho cau o.
Khi co R trc tien ta chon mot tr so cho no khoang vai tram ohm, ieu chnh cuon
day mau e cho ien ap a b giam en mot cc tieu, thay oi tr so R e co mot cc
tieu nho hn , c tiep tuc nh vay ieu chnh Lmau roi ien tr R cho en khi khong
the chnh Uab nho hn , khi nay cau o a can bang va ta co the xac nh tr so LX
theo cac phan t cua cau o
Lan o
P

Cuon day 1
R
Lmau

LX (mH)

Cuon day 2
R
Lmau

LX (mH)

B S dung cau o chuyen dung

Trong phan th nghiem nay sinh vien se s dung cau Sauty e o gia tr cac tu ien
Cau o chuyen dung nh hnh ve
A : nut chon tam o
B : nut nhan kiem tra
C : nut chnh can bang
D : nut chnh goc mat
Nut tat m cau o : M v tr On ; A v tr Off

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

C:Nut chnh can bang

Ni cap nguon 4.5 V

A:Nut chnh tam

Bo tao dao ong

.01

F
B:Nut nhan kiem tra
T

M
A

D:Nut chnh goc mat

Nut tat m cau o

V tr noi tai nghe

V tr noi tu can o

Thao tac o
Cam adapter cap nguon DC 4.5V cho cau o
Noi tai nghe vao v tr T, va noi tu can o vao v tr X
Bat nut m cau o qua M cap nguon cho bo dao ong (luc nay chung ta se nghe tieng
oo t bo dao ong)
eo tai nghe va nhan nut kiem tra B ( chu y am thanh co the kha ln do trang thai
cha can bang luc au )
Xoay nut chnh tam A chon tam co am thanh nho nhat
ieu chnh nut chnh can bang C e tm v tr cc tieu cua am thanh
Ket hp hieu chnh nut D (chnh goc mat ) va nut chnh can bang C en khi am thanh
nghe nho nhat ( hoac tat han ) khi o chung ta co c trang thai can bang cua cau o
oc ket qua va ghi vao bang tr so
Chon mot tam o lan can va o lai tu va roi cho lan o th hai, ghi ket qua vao
bang tr so
Tng t thc hien o cho cac tu ien con lai.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

C o on gian bang Volt ke

V
U1

220V
U0

CX

Lap mach th nghiem nh hnh ve

Lan lt chnh cac gia tr nguon U0 la 50V, 100V, 150V , 200V
Trong moi trng hp ghi nhan cac gia tr cua U1
Dung cong thc ly thuyet tnh gia tr cua CX
D Bao cao th nghiem

Cac tr so o c
Gia s rang cac tr so o trong bai la cua mo hnh noi tiep hay tnh cac tr so
cua L va C neu s dung mo hnh song song.
Liet ke cac phng phap o R, L, C khac ma anh (ch) biet, u va khuyet iem
cac phng phap nay.
Nhan xet ve loai cau o n gian.
He so D, Q ac trng cho tnh chat g tu ien va cuon day ?

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 5
o tan so & pha
Thong thng ngi ta hay dung dao ong ky cac chc nang sau:
Quan sat dang song .
o tr so ien ap.
o chu ky
cac chc nang o ac tren chung ta can at dao ong ky v tr chuan (CAL) , cac
tr so o c se oc tren o cao va rong tng ng cua dang song tren man anh.
Tr so nh nh cua ien ap can o:
EP-P = o li lech doc x o lech doc
= Volts/Div x So o chia doc
Gia tr chu ky cua dang song can o:
T
= o li lech ngang x o lech ngang
= Time/Div x So o chia ngang
Ngoai cac chc nang tren dao ong ky con co the dung vao cac muc ch khac nh:
o o lech pha cua hai tn hieu (cung tan so)
o tan so bang cach so sanh vi mot tan so chuan .
Ve ac tuyen V-A cua mot so phan t .
I o tan so
Dao ong ky c dung e o tan so cua tn hieu xoay chieu bang phng phap
Lissajous. phng phap nay dao ong ky c at che o quet ngoai
(External Sweep) , tren cac dao ong ky loai hai tia che o nay thng ghi la X-Y
vi tn hieu noi vao ngo CH.1 (CH.A) tao dch chuyen theo phng ngang X, con
tn hieu noi vao ngo CH.2 (CH.B) tao dch chuyen theo phng doc Y, bang cach
nay tren man anh dao ong ky se the hien c quan he cua hai tn hieu Y=Y(X)
CH.2=CH.2(CH.1)
phng phap Lissajous ngi ta noi tn hieu chuan a biet tan so vao kenh X
(CH1) va tn hieu can xac nh tan so FX noi vao kenh Y (CH2) . Tan so FH cua
tn hieu chuan c ieu chnh dan cho en khi cac hnh th ng yen tren man
anh dao ong ky(cac hnh nay goi la hnh Lissajous).V du nh cac hnh lissajous
cua hnh 1.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Neu ta dng cac ng tiep tuyen theo phng ngang va doc cho cac hnh nay, va
em so tiep iem ngang TH , so tiep iem doc TV . Quan he cua hai tan so FH va
FX xac nh theo phng trnh sau:
T
FX =FH H
TV
II o o lech pha
1) Dung phng phap Lissajous
Cach noi day va chnh dao ong ky cung giong khi o tan so , cac hnh
lissajous thu c bay gi se la nhng ng elip nam trong cac goc phan t
I_III hoac II_IV se tuy vao o lech pha cua hai tn hieu. o lech pha cua hai
tn hieu se tnh theo quan he:
sin = a
b
a: la khoang cach gia hai
iem cat cua elip va truc
tung
b: la khoang cach gia hai
iem cc ai va cc tieu cua
elip theo tung o

2) So sanh pha trc tiep

Phng phap nay s dung khi hai tn hieu co chung mass . Dung chc nang hai
tia quet quan sat ong thi hai tn hieu, khi o o lech pha c tnh theo cong
thc sau:
= 2 t
T
t : la o
lech thi
gian gia
hai
tn
hieu.
T : la chu
t
ky cua hai
tn hieu.
T

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

3) So sanh pha gian tiep

Phng phap nay s dung khi hai tn hieu co cac iem mass khac nhau. e so pha
cua chung ngi ta co the dung che o ong bo ngoai , khi o tn hieu rang ca se
c kch khi t mot nguon ong bo duy nhat , lan lt quan sat tng tn hieu va
so sanh thi iem xuat hien cua chung roi suy ra o lech pha.
= 2 t
T
t : la o lech thi gian gia hai tn hieu.
T : la chu ky cua hai tn hieu.
III Th nghiem
1) Quan sat dang
Noi dao ong ky o dang song ra cua nguon phat song , may phat am tan, ien ap
li cach ly, ghi lai cac thong so : hnh dang, tr nh nh, chu ky,cac gia tr max
min.(lu y phai calib cac ngo hang doc va ngang khi o cac tr so nay)

2) o tan so (dung phng phap lissajous)

Noi mach nh hnh 2, dao ong ky at che o X-Y , vi
nguon li dung nh tn hieu chuan hay ieu chnh tan so
may phat bang hai lan , ba lan tan so li.
oi nguon li bang may phat am tan hay chnh sao cho
may phat am tan co tan so gap hai tan so nguon phat song
sin.
Trong cac th nghiem tren sinh vien ve lai dang song thu
c , co nhan xet g ve cac hnh lissajous.

X-Y

CH1 CH2
X
Y

Nguon
li

May
phat
song

Hnh 2

3) o o lech pha
a. Phng phap lissajous
Noi mach nh hnh 3a, dao ong ky che o X-Y , thay oi tan so may phat t
min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang elip va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc
pha

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Noi mach nh hnh 3b, dao ong ky che o X-Y , thay oi tan so may phat t min
en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang elip khi mach co them bien ap va cho biet
khoang bien thien cua goc pha.

X-Y

X-Y

CH1 CH2
X
Y

CH1 CH2
X
Y

C
L

C
Nguon
sin

Nguon *
sin

Bien ap
cach ly

Hnh 3a

Hnh 3b

b. So sanh pha trc tiep

Noi mach nh hnh 3c , dao ong ky che o hai tia , thay oi tan so may phat t
min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang song va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc
pha
Noi mach nh hnh 3d, dao ong ky che o hai tia , thay oi tan so may phat t
min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang song khi mach co them bien ap va cho biet
khoang bien thien cua goc pha.

Hai tia

Hai tia

CH1 CH2
X
Y

CH1 CH2
X
Y

C
Nguon
sin

Nguon *
sin

Bien ap
cach ly

*
Hnh 3d

Hnh 3c
Co nhan xet g so vi phng phap lissajous ?

c. So sanh pha gian tiep

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Noi mach nh hnh 3e , dao ong ky che o mot tia , nguon ong bo lay t ngoai
EXT . Dung ngo CH2 ve UR , chnh nut TRIG LEVEL cho dang song ng yen, chnh
nut POS cua hang ngang di tn hieu en mot v tr lam moc va ghi nh v tr nay.

Mot tia

ong
bo
CH1 CH2 EXT

ADD

ong
bo
CH1 CH2 EXT

Noi en nut
tuy y

Noi en nut
nh hnh 3e

C
C
Nguon
sin

L
R

UC

Nguon
sin

UR

UR

Hnh 3f

Hnh 3e

Noi mach nh hnh 3f , dao ong ky che o ADD , ngo vao CH2 v tr ao pha (CH2 hoac INV) , nguon ong bo lay t ngoai EXT , chnh hai nut Volts/Div cua hai
kenh giong nhau. Lu y cac nut TRIG LEVEL va nut POS cua hang ngang khong
c ieu chnh. Dang song thu c tren dao ong ky chnh la UC .
Suy ra goc lech pha cua hai tn hieu nay t hai lan quan sat tren.
IV Bao cao
Yeu cau phan bao cao
- Sinh vien trnh bay lai cac tien trnh th nghiem.
- Giai thch cac ket qua thu c.
- Cho biet u va khuyet iem cua moi phng phap.
- Phng phap Lissajous dung cho hai song vuong co c khong? Cho biet
dang o th khi o.
- Trnh bay them cac phong phap o tan so , o pha khac ma anh ( ch )
biet.
- Trnh bay them cac ng dung khac cua dao ong ky.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009