X l nh s

Ts.Ng vn S
Khoa in t Vin thng

NI DUNG

Tng quan v x l nh s
Tn hiu v h thng 2D
Tin x l
Phn tch nh
Nn nh
Cc k thut x l nh nng cao

TI LIU THAM KHO

Digital image processing-Fundamental

Digital image processing-Algorithms and
Application
Nhp mn X l nh s - Hong Kim
X l nh v Vido s - Nguyn Kim Sch
X l nh Lng Mnh B v Nguyn
Thanh Thu.
X l nh Ng Din Tp

Tng quan v X l nh

Cc ng dng x l nh
H thng th nghim x l nh
Cc k thut x l nh cn bn
M hnh th gic
Cu trc file d liu nh

Cc ng dng x l nh

V tinh d bo thi tit

Vin thm (Remote sensing)
nh y t (Tomographs)
Khoa hc hnh s (Forensics)
in nh

V tinh d bo thi tit

Thit b:

V tinh d bo: Camera (Hng ngoi) + Thit b

truyn nh
Trung tm mt t: SuperComputer + Thit b nhn
nh

Chc nng:

Thu nh
Tin x l
Truyn v trung tm
Khi phc nh
Phn tch nh

Vin thm

Thit b:

RPV (Remote Processing Vehice) + Camera

hng ngoi + Thit b truyn nh.
Trung tm iu khin: Thit b thu nh v x
l

Chc nng

Phn tch nh

Khoa hc hnh s

Thit b

Ngun sng c quang ph rng (PolyLight)

Cm bin vn tay (nhit hoc m)
Scanner

Chc nng

Tin x l
M ho
T chc ngn hng d liu nh
i snh

nh Y t

Thit b:

My siu m
My chp X-Quang
My ni soi
CT-Scanner

Chc nng

Thu nh phn x, m xuyn, ct lp

Dng nh (Reconstruction)

in nh

Thit b:

Camera
Computer + Video card

Chc nng

Hot hnh 3D
Ghp v dng scence

H thng th nghim X l nh
INTERNET

Scanner

SATELITE

SuperComputer

Buffer

Trnh t x l tng qut

Thu
nhn

i tng

Tin x l

Trch
thuc tnh

Ngn hng
d liu

Lu tr

Phn on

Phn lp

Tch
thng tin

M ho

i snh

Quyt
nh

Cc k thut X l nh cn bn

Thu nhn nh
Truyn nh
Khi phc (Restoration)
Lm ni thuc tnh (Enhancement)
Trch thuc tnh (Extract)
Phn on (Segmentation)
i snh (Matching)

Ph nng lng nh sng

Tia X
X-Ray

T ngoi
nh sng kh kin
ExtraViolet
Visual Light

Bc sng
c : vn tc nh sng
f : tn s

350 nm

480 nm

Hng ngoi
Infrared

c
f

Tc ng ca nng lng nh sng

ln vt th
Nng lng
Hp th

Tia ti
Tia phn x

Nng lng
Bc x

Tia m xuyn

M hnh th gic
I ( x, y , ) = L ( ) R ( x, y , )
L() Nng lng nh snh bc x t ngung sng
R(x,y,) H s phn x trn b mt vt th
I(x,y,) Cng tia phn x n vng mc v
c cm th
Bc sng nh sng c bc x

nh l ton b nng lng ph c bc x t

ngun sng, phn x trn b mt vt th v
c cm th bi th gic

V() h s cm th ca th gic
f(x,y) nh tng t

f ( x, y ) = I ( x, y , ).V ( ) d
0

M hnh th gic

tng phn
nh l Weber :
C = c.loga(1+f)
M hnh t l nn
chi

f
f

= const

Cc tham s nh

Kch thc

phn gii khng gian

Chiu rng x chiu cao

n v o: cm, inch, s pixel theo mi chiu
S pixel trn 1 n v khong cch theo chiu ng
Vres, hoc theo chiu ngang Hres
Thng thng cc thit b c phn gii theo hai
chiu bng nhau.

phn gii mu

S mc mu L c dng biu din

b = log2L l s bit trn pixel

Tn s khng gian

c nh ngha l nghch o ca chu k

lp li ca tn hiu nh theo chiu ngang
hoc chiu ng

Tn s khng gian theo chiu ngang

Tn s khng gian theo chiu ng

1
x =
x
1
y =
y

Min tn s khng gian

t (s)

f(Hz)

Tn s khng gian

Cc kiu nh dng nh s
(Format File)

bmp (khng nn)

pcx (m runlength)
jpeg (m Huffman v DPCM)
tif (tag)
img (runlength code)
psd (chun photoshop)

T chc file nh

Header

Data

Nhn dng chun nh

Kch thc (theo chiu ngang H v theo chiu ng V)
phn gii khng gian(theo chiu ngang Hres v theo chiu ng Vres)
phn gii mu
K thut nn
Loi nh (W/B, grayscale, color)

C th nn hoc khng nn
c sp xp theo th t cc pixel t tri sang phi, t trn xung di.
Ring kiu tif s dng tag tr n vng d liu c t chc theo tng di.

Palette

Nm cui file, gm 768 byte, c trng cho gam mu ca nh v c np vo

thanh ghi palette ca VGA card trc khi hin th nh ln monitor

Cc h to mu

Cc h to mu

RGB
CMYK
HUV
Lab