BO CO THC HNH

Hc vin cao hc: QUANG NGC

Ngy sinh: 11/3/1989
B DAQ s: # 08

I. C S L THUYT
A. CP NHIT IN ( Thermocouples ).
-

Cu to: Gm 2 cht liu kim loi khc nhau, hn dnh mt u.

Nguyn l: Nhit thay i cho ra sc in ng thay i ( mV).
u im: Bn, o nhit cao.
Khuyt im: Nhiu yu t nh hng lm sai s. nhy khng cao.
Thng dng: L nhit, mi trng kht nghit, o nhit nht my nn,
Tm o: -100 D.C <1400 D.C.

+ Phng php o nhit bng cp nhit in da trn hiu ng nhit in

hiu ng Seebeck: 2 dy dn ch to t vt liu c bn cht ho hc khc nhau
c ni vi nhau bng mi hn thnh 1 mch kn v nhit 2 mi hn l

khc nhau th trong mch xut hin 1 dng in. Sc in ng xut hin do hiu
ng nhit in gi l sc in ng nhit in sc in ng Seebeck

. Nu

mt u ca cp nhit in hn ni vi nhau (u nng), u th 2 h (u lnh)

th gia 2 cc xut hin mt hiu in th (hnh 1).

Hnh 1: Cu to ca mt cp nhit in

ch to cp nhit in c th dng nhiu kim loi v hp kim khc nhau

sao cho tho mn yu cu:

- Sc in ng ln
- bn c hc v ho hc nhit lm vic

- D ko si
- C kh nng thay th
- Gi thnh r
Sc in ng nhit in c xc nh thng qua biu thc:

Trong :

l h s nhit in ng h s Seebeck, ph thuc vo bn

cht ca vt liu lm cp nhit in.

Trong cc h thc nghim, u lnh ca cp nhit in c ni vi mt h
o xc nh gi tr in p gia 2 u cp nhit. Mi quan h gia in p v
nhit ca cp nhit in c th hin thng qua a thc:

Trong ,

l nhit (0C);

l in p ca cp nhit in (

h s a thc c trng cho mi cp nhit in;

l cc

l s bc ti a ca a thc. Khi

cng tng th chnh xc ca a thc cng c nng cao.

B. NHIT IN TR (NTC):
Cm bin NTC vit tt ca (Negative temperature Coeffient) l cc bn dn,
thng oc to ra t cc oxit kim loi bng phng php gm. dn ca
NTC ph thuc vo mt ht ti t do, s ht ti t do gia tng theo nhit .
Nhit in tr NTC thng c to nn t cc vt liu bn dn. Hu ht cc
nhit in tr NTC u c h s nhit m do in tr ca chng bin thin t l
nghch vi nhit . Nhit in tr NTC c nhy ln, kch thc nh.
S ph thuc ca in tr vo nhit ca nhit in tr NTC c th hin
thng qua phng trnh Steinhart Hart:

Trong ,

l nhit tuyt i;

l in tr ca nhit in tr NTC;

l cc h s Steinhart Hart, c trng cho mi thit b.

Phng trnh trn c th c vit li thnh:

Trong , B l ch s nhy hay hng s vt liu c s dng.

Ngoi ra, nhit in tr NTC cn c c trng bi h s nhit in tr :

u im ca cm bin NTC l h s nhit in ln theo nhit , cu to

n gin, bn tt, kch thc b v gi r.
Nhc im chnh l s t tuyn tnh ca NTC nn NTC ch o chnh xc
nhit trong mt di nhit .
II. KT QU THC NGHIM
A. M t th nghim
1. Dng c th nghim
-

01 nhit k thy ru, di o t 0 - 100 C

01 cm bin nhit in tr NTC

01 cm bin cp nhit in

01 USBDAQ15 vi 02 knh in p vo c di o li vo l 300

mV vi phn gii 20 V. Ai1 ni trc tip vi cm bin cp nhit in, Ai2
c ni mt cm bin nhit in tr cng vi mt in tr 100 k 1% vi
ngun th chun 1.2V 1% dng o in tr.
-

01 my tnh c kt ni USB

Phn mm thu thp s liu HUS

01 bp in v 1 cc inox

2. Tin hnh th nghim

- Cho u ca cp nhit in v nhit in tr vo trong bnh ng nc.
- Rt nc si vo binh ng nc.
- Bt u ghi gi tr t nhit 90 .
- Quan st nhit trn nhit k, c 5 th ghi cc gi tr ca hiu in
th hin th trn my tnh vo.
- Khi kt thc th nghim, tt ngun nhit, ra bnh v lau kh cc dng
c th nghim
3. X l s liu
a. Cp nhit in
- Tnh theo cng thc: V a0 a1T a2T 2
- Phng php: Dng MATLAB khp s liu v tm cc h s
- xc nh TC l loi g th chng ta cho nhit thay i 1 ri quan
st s thay i ca in th, sau lp t l.
- C th cn c vo bng phn loi cp nhit in sau:

b. Nhit in tr
(A

A1 A2
)

- Tnh theo cng thc: V e 0 T T 2

- Phng php: Dng MATLAB khp s liu v tm cc h s
c. Cng thc x l s liu thc nghim

x
x

x x

x x x

n 1
df ( x)
y
x
dx

y f x

y y y

B. Kt qu th nghim.
1. Bng o nhit phng:
- o nhit phng ti: 18 C
- Nhit ban u ca ngun nhit l: 90 C
- Nhit cui cng ca ngun nhit l: 20 C
Ln 1:
Bng o nhit phng:
Measurement Code: 1.158614032640413
# of meas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Time

V_tc (mV)
1
3
4
5
7
8
10
11
13
14
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
26
27
28

-0.29
-0.28
-0.26
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28

Bng o cc gi tr in p theo nhit .

V_ntc(mV)
118.62
118.71
118.68
118.72
118.74
118.69
118.69
118.78
118.87
118.87
118.95
119.02
119.1
119.11
119.2
119.25
119.23
119.16
119.11
119.01

Temperature(C)
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25

Measurement Code: 1.158114084441787

# of meas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Trung bnh

Time

V_tc (mV)

1
91
197
327
463
644
801
818
840
882
944

2.76
2.49
2.29
2.13
1.89
1.65
1.39
1.05
0.82
0.57
0.34

V_ntc(mV)
13.81
14.35
14.4
18.06
21.09
24.43
30.73
36.09
42.18
51.48
62.13

Temperature(C)
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40

Ln o 2
Bng o nhit phng:
Measurement Code: 1.158204209942127
# of meas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Time

V_tc (mV)

V_ntc(mV)

1
2
4
5
7
8
10
11
13
14
16
17
18
20
21

-0.31
-0.29
-0.29
-0.29
-0.28
-0.29
-0.29
-0.26
-0.29
-0.28
-0.26
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28

115.74
115.53
115.32
115.14
115.02
114.94
114.91
114.81
114.72
114.57
114.36
114.3
114.33
114.37
114.33

23
24
26
27
29

-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.28
-0.29

114.33
114.3
114.19
114.09
114.06

Temperature(C)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26

Bng o cc gi tr in p theo nhit .

Measurement Code: 1.158114218942484
# of meas
1
2

Time

V_tc (mV)
1
10

2.61
2.26

V_ntc(mV)
13.51
15.97

Temperature(C)
90
85

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

20
31
47
65
87
118
155
209
296

1.99
1.74
1.48
1.32
1.11
0.82
0.64
0.43
0.28

18.84
22
25.92
30.28
35.52
41.83
48.88
57.52
67.48

80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40

Ln o 3
Bng o nhit phng:
Measurement Code: 1.158224274942779
# of meas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Time

V_tc (mV)

V_ntc(mV)

Temperature(C)

1
2
4
5
7
8
9
11
12
14
15
16
18
19
21
22
24
25
27

-0.32
-0.29
-0.29
-0.26
-0.29
-0.29
-0.35
-0.31
-0.29
-0.29
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31

115.24
115.23
115.24
115.26
115.27
115.5
115.84
115.96
116.01
116.08
116.38
116.52
116.73
117.03
117.43
117.76
117.69
117.69
117.81

25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25

28

-0.31

117.79

25

Bng o cc gi tr in p theo nhit .

Measurement Code: 1.158114284843166
# of meas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Time

V_tc (mV)
1
7
15
26
39
56
79
108
152
221
319

2.58
2.13
1.89
1.63
1.33
1.24
1
0.81
0.63
0.52
0.3

V_ntc(mV)
16.86
18.61
20.77
23.32
26.5
30.3
35.17
40.9
48.48
58.36
67.89

Temperature(C)
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40

C. X l s liu
1. Gi tr trung bnh
2. X l s liu
nhit phng
# of meas
1
2
3

V_tc (mV)

V_ntc(mV)

-0.2795
-0.283
-0.304

118.9255
114.668
116.423

Temperature(C)
25
26
25

Gi tr trung bnh khi thay i nhit

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Vtc (mV)
2.650.07
2.293330.13
2.056670.15
1.833330.19
1.566670.21
1.403330.16
1.166670.14
0.893330.1
0.696670.08
0.506670.05
0.306670.02

Vntc (mV)
14.726671.42
16.311.533
18.003332.4
21.126672.0
24.503332.2
28.336672.6
33.806672.05
39.606672.34
46.513332.88
55.786672.87
65.833332.46

1. th
a. Cp nhit in

- H s bc 1: a1 0.0252343434343435V / 0 C

Nhit (C)
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40

- H s bc 2: a2 1.58663558663558E-4V / 0 C 2
Nhn xt:
- S liu thc nghim khp vi hm bc hai trong cng thc phn II.
- T h s trn ta c th kt lun loi Tc ta dng thuc loi K
b. Nhit in tr
th nhit in tr

- H s bc 1: A1 180.11549V / 0 C
- H s bc 2: A2 -2716.09424V / 0 C 2
Nhn xt
- V trong NTC t l nghch vi T v R trong NTC cng t l nghich vi T.
NTC khng ging vi cc vt liu thng thng v n c h s m.
3. th ph thuc thi gian:

T=[90; 85; 80; 75;70;65;60;55;50;45;40];

V=[2.65; 2.29333; 2.05667; 1.83333; 1.56667; 1.40333; 1.16667; 0.89333; 0.69667;
0.50667; 0.30667];
sig=[0.07; 0.13; 0.15; 0.19; 0.21; 0.16; 0.14; 0.1; 0.08; 0.05; 0.02];
sig2=sig.*sig;
plot(T,V)
errorbar(T,V,sig,sig)
C=[ sum(1./sig2) sum(T./sig2) sum(T.^2./sig2); sum(T./sig2) sum(T.^2./sig2)
sum(T.^3./sig2);sum(T.^2./sig2) sum(T.^3./sig2) sum(T.^4./sig2)];
B=[sum(V./sig2);sum(V.*T./sig2);sum(V.*T.^2./sig2)];
HS=(inv(C)*B)
Y=HS(1)+HS(2).*T+HS(3).*T.^2;
plot(T,Y)
%tm sai s bng pp bptt
Ysq=sum((V-Y).^2./sig2);
disp([Ysq,Ysq./(length(T)-1)])
%tm sai s cc h s
HSinv=inv(C);
disp(HSinv);
siga=sqrt(HSinv(1,1));
disp(siga);
sigb=sqrt(HSinv(2,2));
disp(sigb);
sigc=sqrt(HSinv(3,3));
disp(sigc);
figure(2)
plot(T,V,'.k'), hold on
errorbar(T,V,sig,sig), hold on
plot(T,Y,'.-g'), legend ('data','fit without error','fit with error').