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BO CO THC TP

Nhm thc tp: Nhm 3

Ngy thc tp: chiu th t

Bn thc tp s 4

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

Thuc dng cho mt hay gi


l thuc nhn khoa bao
gm nhiu dng nh: thuc
m, thuc hn dch (tc
thuc c cha cc ht nh
rt mn), thuc t vo mt,
thuc nc
Thuc nhn khoa ni chung
l nhng ch phm v

khun (ngha l khng


cha cc vi khun gy
bnh), khng cha cc cht
l gy hi, c pha ch v
ng gi thch hp nh
mt, tra vo b m mt hoc
ci t vo mt, vi mc

THUC NH MT CN T NHNG TIU CHUN C BIT


NO?
Thuc nh mt phi t 3 tiu chun sau:
V khun: Tt c cc ch phm dng trong nhn khoa u
phi t tiu chun v khun. bo m tiu chun ny, thuc nh
mt phi c iu ch trong iu kin mi trng v khun, thng
c thm cht st khun thch hp v sau khi pha ch phi c tit
khun. Nc dng pha ch thuc nh mt phi l nc ct t cc
yu cu tiu chun ghi trong dc in. V vy, khng th ly bt c
dng thuc no khc dng cho mt.
pH: pH l i lng cho bit tnh acid, tnh kim ca mt
dung dch. Nc mt c pH trung tnh, ngha l khng c tnh acid
hay tnh kim (pH ca nc mt trong khong 7,4-7,6), do tt nht
thuc nh mt nn c pH bng vi pH ca nc mt. Khi pha ch
thuc nh mt, nh bo ch phi cn nhc, tnh ton, la chn pH
sao cho va c tc dng n nh hot cht ca thuc, va gip mt
khng b kch ng v p ng tt trong iu tr.

ch iu tr hoc chn on

ng trng: Khi nh thuc vo mt, ta cm thy d chu,


mt phn l do dung dch thuc nh mt ng trng vi dch nc
cc bnh v mt.
mt, ni cch khc thuc nh mt phi c tnh cht ging nh nc
mt. Nu dung dch thuc nh mt khng ng trng s d gy kh
chu, gy au mt, lm nc mt tit ra nhiu v y thuc ra ngoi.
Hiu bit v tnh ng trng ca thuc nh mt, chng ta c th rt ra kinh nghim, nu nh mt
thuc no vo mt m thy xt, kh chu, au nhc th c th l do thuc nh mt khng t
ng trng, phi ngng dng ngay v hi kin bc s chuyn khoa.

Ngoi 3 tiu chun k trn, ty theo dng thuc nh mt, cn c mt s tiu chun khc nh: Dung dch
thuc nh mt phi t trong, khng c cha cc tiu phn l lm tn thng biu m gic mc

NHNG LU KHI S DNG THUC NH MT


Khi s dng thuc nh mt, ta cn lu mt s vn sau:
- Khi m l thuc ra, ch nn dng trong vng 15-20 ngy k t khi m. V qu thi gian ny, c th thuc
khng cn t v khun.
- i vi mt s dc cht c trong thuc nh mt, c bit l chloramphenicol, cn phi c bo qun trong
t lnh.
- Hin nay, trn th trng c rt nhiu loi thuc nh mt khc nhau. V vy, m bo iu tr ng bnh,
ngi bnh cn n khm bc s chuyn khoa c hng dn mua dng loi thuc thch hp.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

-nh ngha thuc: l dng thuc rn, c


hnh dng nht nh, c iu ch bng
cch nn mt hay nhiu loi dc cht vi
nhng lng chnh xc , mi vin l mt
n v liu lng.

-u im:
+d chia liu s dng
+th tch gn nh, d vn chuyn,
mang theo ngi
+d che giu mi v kh chu ca dc
cht
+dc cht n nh, tui th di hn
thuc lng
+d u t sn xut ln nn gi thnh
gim

+din s dng rng


+trn vin nn thng c ch gip
ngi bnh d nhn bit tn thuc

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

-Nhc im:
+khng phi mi dc cht u bo
ch c thnh vin nn
+sau khi dp vin, din tch b mt
tip xc ca vin nn vi mi trng
ha tan gim nhiu do vi dc
cht t tan thi bo ch dng vin nn
khng tt , SKD thuc c th b gim
kh nhiu
+SKD vin nn thay i tht thng
do bo ch, c rt nhiu yu t tc
ng dn n nh ca dc cht v
kh nng gii phng dc cht ca
vin nn nh: m, t dc, lc
nn,

nh ngha :L
nhng
dng
vin nn pha
vo dung dch
hay hn dch
dng ung
hay dng ngoi

u im:
-Vin nn th cht rn c n nh v tui th cao hn,d ng gi,bo qun; khi
lng v th tch nh nn d vn chuyn,tn tr, mang theo ngi.
-Dng thch hp cho nhng ngi kh nut vin nn, che du c mi v kh
chu,gim kch ng nim mc.

-Thuc ha tan trong dung dch hay hn dch nhanh, cho


sinh kh dng cao.

Nhc im:
-D ht m v chy ra do cha lng mui kim kh ln nn phi trnh m
nh gi ht m sillicagen
-Khng dng cho ngi king mui,c th gy kim ha mu nh hng n
kh nng hp thu mt s cht.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

nh ngha:
Vin nang l dng thuc rn hay mm
c phn liu chnh xc v c bo
ch di dng thch hp (dung dch,
bt, ht) ng trng v nang lm bng
gelatin hay tinh bt.
Vi cc dng bo ch ny, thuc c th
che du c mi v kh chu, lm cho
thuc d ung, trnh c cc tc dng
bn ngoi bo v thuc khng b dch
ph hy, v vy khng nn nhai trnh
lm hng v nang, khng tch phn v
nang ly phn dc cht bn trng
ung.
Ring i vi ngi ln tui, phn x
nut c th gim v c hin tng gim
tit nn khi ung nn ngm vin thuc
trong ming lm mm v nang ri
nut vi nc nhm trnh hin tng
thuc dnh thc qun.
Thng thng c 2 dng chnh:

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

-Vin nang cng c bit n bng tn vin


con nhng. N c sn xut t gelatin tinh
khit c m t 10-15%. Vi kh nng hp thu
nc v tan nhanh chng trong c th, vin
nang cng gip ngi ung thuc cm thy d
dng hn so vi vic ung trc tip. ng thi
cc nh sn xut thuc cng cm thy thun
tin trong vic lm t dc cho vin thuc. Vin
nang cng c s dng cha cc loi thuc
dng ht hay dng bt nghin nh.
-Vin nang mm c v thuc do cha thnh
phn gelatin. mm do v n hi ca v
thuc ty thuc vo loi v hm lng ca
gelatin c s dng, m v dy ca v.
V vin nang mm thng dy hn so vi v
vin nang cng. Mt cng ngh mi trong lnh
vc bo ch dc phm l thuc bc gelatin
hay caplet. y l qu trnh ngm vin thuc vi
dung dich gelatin ri lm kh. Cng ngh ny
gip tit kim chi ph qu trnh sn xut thuc
v thn thin vi ngi s dng.

nh ngha: Siro l dng thuc lng,


snh v c cha t l ng cao
(64%); do dng thuc ny thng
c v ngt d ung.

u im: Dng thuc ny gip che giu c mi v kh chu ca thuc nn tin dng
cho tr em. T l ng cao nn thuc c th bo qun c lu v cng c gi tr dinh
dng.
Nhc im: Hp thu chm do nht cao, do cn pha long hay ung km vi
nc nu mun tng tc hp th.

Liu dng: Dng thuc ny c phn liu theo mung c ph hay mung canh.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

nh ngha
Thuc bt l dng thuc rn, gm cc ht nh, kh ti, c mn xc
nh, c cha mt hay nhiu loi dc cht. Ngoi dc cht, thuc bt
cn c th thm cc t dc nh t dc n, t dc ht, t dc
mu, t dc iu hng, v ... Thuc bt c th dng ung, pha
tim hay dng ngoi.
Tnh cht
Quan st mu sc bng mt thng,
di nh sng t nhin, vi mt lng
bt va , c phn tn u trn
mt t giy trng mn.
Bt phi kh ti, khng b m, vn,
mu sc ng nht.

Thuc bt ung
Thuc bt ung c th dng nut trc tip hoc
c s dng sau khi ha tan hay phn tn trong
nc hoc cht lng thch hp.

Thuc bt ung phi p ng cc yu cu cht


lng chung ca thuc bt. Ngoi ra thuc bt si bt
phi t yu cu v tan: Cho mt lng bt tng
ng vi mt liu vo mt cc thu tinh cha 200 ml
nc 15 - 25oC, xut hin nhiu bt kh bay ra. Khi
ht bt kh, thuc phi tan hon ton. Th nh vy vi
6 liu n. Mu th t yu cu nu mi liu th u
tan trong vng 5 pht, tr khi c ch dn ring.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

Bo qun
Thuc bt phi c bo qun trong
ng kn.
ni kh mt.

Thuc bt dng ngoi


Thuc bt dng ngoi thng ng gi
nhiu liu, c th dng p, rc trc tip ln
da, vt thng hoc c ho tan, phn tn
trong dung mi thch hp nh mt, ra hoc
tht. Thuc bt dng ngoi phi p ng cc
yu cu chung ca thuc bt, ngoi ra phi t
cc ch tiu ring v v khun
Thuc bt p, dng cho vt thng
rng hoc trn da b tn thng nng, thuc bt
dng cho mt phi v khun. Thuc bt dng
p hoc rc phi l bt mn hoc rt mn.
Thuc bt pha tim phi p ng
yu cu cht lng i vi thuc tim, tim
truyn dng bt.

I. NH NGHA
- Thuc m l hn
hp gm dc
cht trn u vi
t
dc dng bi ngoi da
hay nim mc.
- Thuc m c c im:
+ Th cht: mm.
+ ng dng: da, nim
mc.
+ Mc ch tr liu: bo v
da; a thuc thm qua da:
gy tc dng ti ch hoc
ton thn,
- Mt s loi thuc m:
+ Bt nho bi da: dc
cht rn khng tan trong t
dc (>40%).
+ Kem bi da: c cu trc
kiu nh tng.

II. U IM
- Thuc hp thu qua da hay nim mc nn trnh c nhng yu t
nh hng nh: pH ca dch tiu ha, thc n trong d dy,
- Dc cht c hp thu thng vo h mch, trnh c nhng
yu t chuyn ha qua gan ln u c th b phn hy hoc gim
hiu lc iu tr.
- Do thuc c gii phng v d tr theo mc v tc xc
nh, cho nn nhng dc cht c thi gian bn hy t1/2 ngn khng
cn ng lo ngi do nng trong mu khng m bo ngng
iu tr. Nng thuc lun lun c duy tr trong vng c tc
dng iu tr. Cng v vy, rt thch hp cho nhng bnh nhn cn
dng thuc thng xuyn.
- Bnh nhn khng phi dng thuc nhiu ln trong ngy v thi
gian ban m khng cn phi lo ngi.
III. NHC IM
- Mt s loi thuc m c kh nng gy kch ng da, nim mc.
- Mt s loi thuc m d b ra tri nh hng n hiu qu tr
liu, hoc kh ra sch, gy cn tr hot ng sinh l bnh thng
ca da, nim mc.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

nh ngha: Thuc
cm l dng thuc
c ht nh xp
hoc si ngn xp,
thng dng bng
cch ung vi mt
t nc hoc cht
lng thch hp
hoc pha thnh
dung dch, hn dch
hay siro. Thuc
cm c th cha
mt hay nhiu
hot cht km theo
cc t dc.... C
th ng thnh
mt liu hay nhiu
liu.

Cng dng: Tr si mt, si thn, tt cho ng tiu ha, h tr iu tr


vim lot d dy.

Yu cu cht lng: thuc cm phi kh, ng u v kch thc ht, khng c


hin tng ht m, b mm, bin mu.

Bo qun: trong ng kn, ni thong mt, trnh nh sng trc tip.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

nh ngha:

u im:

C th ch c cc dc cht rn khng ha tan hoc


rt t ha tan trong cc cht dn thng thng di dng
thuc lng c th a thuc vo c th bng nhiu
ng hn thuc rn, s dng thuc d dng hn.
Hn ch nhc im mt s dc cht khi ha tan s ko
bn vng, hoc mi v kh ung hoc gy kch ng
nim mc tiu ha.
Lm cho dc cht tc dng chm hn nhng bn hn
hoc hn ch tc dng ca thuc ti ch.

Nhc im: kh iu ch v khng n nh.


Ch : lc trc khi s dng.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

Hn dch thuc l cc thuc


lng, dng ung, tim, dng
ngoi, cha cc cht rn khng
tan dng cc ht nh (ng
knh >0,1 m) phn tn u trong
cht lng l mi trng phn tn(
cht dn).
Dc cht chnh ca hn dch thuc
l cc cht rn thc t khng tan hoc
rt t tan trong cht dn. Ngoi ra
trong cht dn (l nc ct,
glycerin,du lng,...ko c tc dng
dc l) c cc dc cht khc ha
tan, c tc dng hp ng vi dc
cht chnh.

cht rn khng ha tan dng ht tht nh c phn tn


ng nht trong mt dn cht thch hp.
Nh tng (Injectable emulsion): cc tiu phn lng phn
tc ng nht trong mt cht lng khc khng ng tan.

c im:
Thuc tim l cc
dung dch, hn dch
hoc nh tng v
khun, tim vo
c th theo nhiu
ng tim khc
nhau: tim di da,
tim bp, tim tnh
mch...
Dng bo ch:

u im:
Thuc c hp thu trc tip v trn vn vo m, vo mu
nn c tc dng nhanh v hiu qu cao, cho tc dng ti
ch mong mun
Trnh c cc tc dng ph ca thuc trn h tiu ha.
Thch hp cho nhng dc cht b phn hy bi dch tiu
ha hoc gan
Kim sot c liu lng chnh xc hn ng ung.
Hn ch:

Dung dch (Injectable


solution): mt hay
nhiu dc cht ho
tan trong mt hoc
mt hn hp dung
mi to thnh hn
hp ng nht
Hn dch (Injectable
suspention):
dc

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

Bnh nhn kh c th t s dng.


C th gy nhng phn ng ti ch hay ton thn.
Do c tc dng nhanh v hp thu trn vn nn c th a
n nhng hu qu nghim trng, nht l i vi cc dc
cht c v mnh.
Thuc tim phi l nhng ch phm v khun, tinh khit,
n nh; quy trnh tim phi tuyt i v khun.
Vn chuyn gp nhiu kh khn do thuc c ng gi
cng knh, d v.

C 2 loi cho 2 tc dng:

Dng thuc l ming bng dn


(c khi c gi l ming cao
dn) dng dn ln da nhm
tr hoc phng bnh.

Mt l loi dn ln da cho tc
dng ti ch kiu nh dn
ming cao dn Salonpas ch c
tc dng gim au ch vng
dn.

Cn loi th hai mc d dn ln
da nhng cho tc dng ton
thn, kiu nh dn thuc ln da
ngc nhng tr c au tht
ngc, phng nhi mu c tim.

im c bit l dng thuc dn


c th cho tc dng ph ging
nh dng thuc ung hay thuc
tim. V vy, trc khi dng cn
xem hng dn hoc hi bc s
trc!

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

+ nh ngha:

+ Bo qun:

Cao thuc l ch phm c ch bng cch


c hoc sy n th cht quy nh cc dch
chit thu c t dc liu thc vt hay
ng vt vi cc dung mi thch hp.
Cn thuc l nhng ch phm lng, c
iu ch bng cch chit dc liu thc vt,
ng vt hoc ha tan cao thuc, dc cht
theo t l quy nh vi ethanol cc nng
khc nhau.
Cao thuc c ng trong bao b kn,
ni kh, mt, trnh nh sng, nhit t thay
i.

Lu : khng dng cho tr di 5 tui v ch dng xoa hoc bp ngoi da,khng bi ln cc vng
da, c b l lot, mng m.

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

Thi Th Minh Ha
Phan Th Thu Hin

Nguyn Thanh Hi
Nguyn Thanh H
Giang Ngc Hiu
Ninh Ngc Xun Hin

Hong Lnh Thu Giang


V Trng Giang
Nay H'sra

ng Ngc H
L Th Tr Giang

Khoa Dc i hc Y-Dc TP.HCM.

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