Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chng 1
Gii thiu
S pht trin ca Java
Hng ti ngi dng
Ging vi C / C++
Cc c trng ca Java
n gin
Hng i tng
c lp phn cng
Mnh
Bo mt
Phn tn
a lung
ng
Applets
Servlet
ng dng c s d liu
My o Java
L mt phn mm da trn c s my tnh
o
L tp hp cc lnh logic xc nh hot
ng ca my tnh
c xem nh l mt h iu hnh thu nh
N thit lp lp tru tng cho:
Phn cng bn di
H iu hnh
M bin dch
B cng c JDK
Trnh bin dch, 'javac'
Cc gi chun ca Java
java.lang
java.applet
java.awt
java.io
java.util
java.net
java.awt.event
java.rmi
java.security
java.sql
Cc c trng mI ca
Java2
Swing
Ko v th
Java 2D API
m thanh
RMI
Chng 2
Cc phn t c bn ngn ng Java
Cu trc mt
chng trnh Java
Xc lp thng tin mi trng
Khai bo lp i tng (Class)
Cc thnh phn (Tokens):
nh danh
T kha / t d phng
K t phn cch
Nguyn dng (Literals)
Ton t
Cc phn t c bn cangn ng
Java
Lp v phng thc (Classes &
Methods)
Kiu d liu
Bin s
Ton t
Cu trc iu khin
Lp trong Java
C php khai bo lp (Class)
class Classname
{
var_datatype variablename;
:
met_datatype methodname(parameter_list)
:
}
Lp mu
Kiu d liu
Kiu d liu c s
byte
char
boolean
short
int
long
float
double
Bin s
Khai bo bin s gm 3 thnh phn:
Kiu d liu ca bin s
Tn bin
Gi tr ban u ca bin (khng bt buc)
C php
datatype identifier [=value][,
identifier[=value]...];
Khai bo mng
Ba cch khai bo mng:
datatype identifier [ ];
datatype identifier [ ] = new
datatype[size];
datatype identifier [ ]=
{value1,value2,.valueN};
Phng thc
(Methods in Classes)
Phng thc c nh ngha nh l
mt hnh ng hoc mt tc v tht s
ca i tng
C php
access_specifier modifier datatype
method_name(parameter_list)
{
//body of method
}
Access specifiers
public
private
protected
Method Modifiers
static
abstract
final
native
synchronized
volatile
Cng trong mt lp
C cng tn
Khc nhau v danh sch tham s
Cc ton t
Cc loi ton t:
Ton t s hc (Arithmetic operators)
Ton t dng Bit (Bitwise operators)
Ton t so snh (Relational operators)
Ton t logic (Logical operators)
Ton t iu kin (Conditional operator)
Ton t gn (Assignment operator)
Ton t s hc
Arithmetic Operators
+
*
/
%
++
--
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
Php cng v gn
Php tr v gn
Php nhn v gn
Php chia v gn
Php ly s d v gn
Ton t Bit
(Bitwise Operators)
~
&
|
^
>>
<<
Ph nh (NOT)
V (AND)
Hoc (OR)
Exclusive OR
Dch sang phi (Shift right)
Dch sang tri (Shift left)
Ton t so snh
(Relational Operators)
==
!=
<
>
<=
>=
So snh bng
So snh khc
Nh hn
Ln hn
Nh hn hoc bng
Ln hn hoc bng
Ton t Logic
(Logical Operators )
&&
||
!
Logical AND
Logical OR
Logical unary NOT
Ton t iu kin
(Conditional Operator)
C php
Biu thc 1 ? Biu thc 2 : Biu thc 3;
Biu thc 1
iu kin kiu Boolean tr v gi tr True
hoc False
Biu thc 2
Tr v gi tr nu kt qu ca mnh 1 l
True
Biu thc 3
Ton t gn
(Assignment Operator)
= Assignment (Php gn)
Gi tr c th c gn cho nhiu bin s
V d
a = b = c = d = 90;
Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Th t
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ton t
trong ngoc tnh trc
Cc ton t n nh +,-,++,-Cc ton t s hc v cc ton t dch
nh *,/,+,-,<<,>>
Cc ton t quan h nh >,<,>=,<=,= =,!=
5.
5.
\t
\\
In du nhy n ()
In du nhy kp ()
Cc lnh iu khin
iu khin r nhnh:
Mnh if-else
Mnh switch-case
Vng lp (Loops):
Vng lp while
Vng lp do-while
Vng lp for
Lnh if-else
C php
if (condition)
{
action1 statements;
}
else
{
action2 statements;
}
Lnh switch-case
C php
switch (expression)
{
case 'value1': action1 statement(s);
break;
case 'value2': action2 statement(s);
break;
:
:
case 'valueN': actionN statement(s);
break;
Lnh lp while
C php
while(condition)
{
action statements;
:
:
}
Lnh lp do-while
C php
do
{
action statements;
:
:
} while(condition);
Vng lp for
C php
for(initialization
statements;
increment statements)
{
action statements;
:
:
}
condition;
Chng 3
Gi & Interface
(Packages & Interfaces)
Gii thiu
Nhng thnh phn c bn ca 1 chng
trnh Java:
Gi (Packages)
Giao din (Interfaces)
Interfaces
Chng trnh Java ch c th k tha t
1 lp duy nht trong cng mt thi
im, nhng c th dn xut cng lc
nhiu Interfaces
Khng c php c nhng phng
thc c th (concrete methods)
interface cn phi c hin thc
(implements).
Cc bc to interface
nh ngha Interface
Bin dch Interface
Hin thc Interface
Tnh cht ca interface:
S dng Interface
Khng th dn xut t lp khc, nhng c
th dn xut t nhng interface khc
Nu mt lp dn xut t mt interface m
interface dn xut t cc interface khc
th lp phi nh ngha tt c cc phng
thc c trong cc interface
Khi nh ngha mt interface mi th mt kiu
d liu tham chiu cng c to ra.
Gi (Packages)
Tng t nhth mc lu tr nhng
lp, interface v cc gi con khc.
l nhng thnh vin ca gi
Cc bc to ra gi
(Package)
Khai bo gi
Import nhng gi chun cn thit
Khai bo v nh ngha cc lp i
tng c trong gi
Lu cc nh ngha trn thnh tp tin
.java, v bin dch nhng lp i tng
c nh ngha trong gi.
Xc lp CLASSPATH
L danh sch cc th mc, gip cho
vic tm kim cc tp tin lp i tng
tng ng
Nn xc lp CLASSPATH trong lc
thc thi (runtime), v nh vy n s xc
lp ng dn cho qu trnh thc thi
hin hnh
Gi java.lang
Mc nh th bt c chng trnh Java
no cng import gi java.lang
Nhng lp Wrapper (bao bc) cho cc
kiu d liu nguyn thy:
Lp String
Phng thc khi to (Constructor):
String Pool
String Pool i din cho tt c cc k
t c to ra trong chng trnh
Khi nim String Pool
charAt( )
startsWith()
endsWith( )
copyValueOf( )
toCharArray( )
indexOf( )
toUpperCase( )
toLowerCase( )
trim( )
equals( )
Lp StringBuffer
Cung cp nhng phng thc khc nhau
thao tc trn i tng string (chui k t)
Nhng i tng ca lp ny kh linh hot
Cung cp nhng phng thc khi to
(constructor)
c
np
chng
(overloaded)
Nhng phng thc ca lp StringBuffer:
append( )
insert( )
charAt( )
setCharAt( )
setLength( )
getChars( )
Lp java.lang.Math
abs()
ceil()
floor()
max()
min()
round()
random()
sqrt()
sin()
cos()
tan()
Lp Runtime
ng gi (Encapsulates) mi trng thc thi
Dng qun l b nh, v thi hnh nhng
tin trnh cng thm
Phng thc:
exit(int)
freeMemory( )
getRuntime( )
gc( )
totalMemory( )
exec(String)
Lp System
Cung cp nhng h tng chun nh nhp
(Input), xut (Output) v cc lung li(Error
Streams)
Cung cp kh nng truy xut n nhng
thuc tnh ca h thng thc thi Java, v
nhng thuc tnh mi trng nh phin bn,
ng dn, nh cung cp
Phng thc:
exit(int)
gc()
getProperties()
setProperties()
currentTimeMillis()
Lp Class
Th hin (Instance) ca lp ny che
giu tnh trng thc thi ca i tng
trong mt ng dng Java
i tng hoc th hin ca lp ny c
th to ra bng 1 trong 3 cch sau:
S dng phng thc getClass( ) ca i tng
S dng phng thc tnh forName( ) ca lp
to ra mt th hin ca lp trong lc t tn
cho lp
S dng i tng ClassLoader np mt lp
mi
Lp Object
L lp cha (superclass) ca tt c cc lp
Phng thc:
equals(Object)
finalize()
notify()
notifyAll()
toString()
wait()
Gi java.util
Cung cp phn ln nhng lp Java
hu dng v thng xuyn cn n
trong hu ht cc ng dng
Gii thiu nhng lp tru tng sau:
Hashtable
Random
Vector
StringTokenizer
Lp Hashtable
M rng lp tru tng Dictionary
Dng ni kt nhng kha vo nhng
gi tr c th
Phng thc khi to Hashtable:
Hashtable(int)
Hashtable(int, float)
Hashtable( )
clear()
done()
contains(Object)
containsKey(Obj
ect)
elements()
get(Object key)
isEmpty()
keys()
put(Object, Object)
rehash()
remove(Object
key)
size()
toString()
Lp Random
To ra nhng s ngu nhin theo thut ton
pseudo
Nhng phng thc nhn gi tr ngu nhin:
nextDouble( )
nextFloat( )
nextGaussian( )
nextInt( )
nextLong( )
nextDouble()
nextFloat()
nextGaussian()
nextInt()
nextLong()
setSeed(long)
Lp Vector
Cung cp kh nng co gin cho mng khi
thm phn t vo mng
Lu tr nhng thnh phn ca kiu Object
Mt Vector ring r c th lu tr nhng
phn t khc nhau, l nhng instance ca
nhng lp khc nhau
Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
Vector(int)
Vector(int, int)
Vector()
capacity( )
clone( )
contains(Object)
copyInto(Object [ ])
elementAt(int)
elements( )
ensureCapacity(int)
firstElement( )
indexOf(Object)
indexOf(Object, int)
insertElementAt(Objec
lastElement( )
lastIndexOf(Object)
lastIndexOf(Object,
int)
removeAllElements(
)
removeElement(Obj
ect)
removeElementAt(in
t)
setElementAt(Object
, int)
Lp StringTokenizer
C th c dng tch mt chui thnh
nhng thnh phn cu thnh ca n
(constituent tokens)
K t phn cch c th c ch nh khi
mt i tng StringTokenizer c khi
to
Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
StringTokenizer(String)
StringTokenizer(String, String)
StringTokenizer(String, String, Boolean)
countTokens( )
hasMoreElements( )
hasMoreTokens( )
nextElement( )
nextToken( )
nextToken(String)
Chng 4
X l bit l
Mc ch ca vic x l bit l
Gim thiu vic kt thc bt thng ca h
thng v ca chng trnh.
V d, thao tc xut/nhp trong mt tp tin,
nu vic chuyn i kiu d liu khng thc
hin ng, mt bit l s xy ra v chng
trnh b hy m khng ng tp tin. Lc
tp tin s b h hi v cc ngun ti nguyn
c cp pht cho tp tin khng c thu
hi li cho h thng.
X l bit l
Khi mt bit l xy ra, i tng tng ng vi bit
l s c to ra.
i tng ny sau c truyn ti phng thc
ni m bit l xy ra.
i tng ny chc cc thng tin chi tit v bit l.
Thng tin ny c th nhn c v x l.
Lp throwable m Java cung cp l lp trn nht
ca lp bit l.
M hnh x l bit l
M hnh c bit n l m hnh catch and
throw
Khi mt li xy ra, bit l s uc chn v
c vo mt khi.
T kha x l bit l:
try
catch
throw
throws
finally
Khi finally
Thc hin tt c cc vic thu dn khi bit l
xy ra
C th s dng kt hp vi khi try
Cha cc cu lnh thu hi ti nguyn v
cho h thng hay lnh in ra cc cu thng
bo:
ng tp tin
ng li b kt qu (c s dng trong
chng trnh c s d liu)
ng li cc kt ni c to trong c s d
liu.
Cc bit l c nh ngha
vi lnh throw v throws
Cc bit l th c chn vi s tr gip ca t
kha throw
T kha throw ch ra mt bit l va xy ra.
Ton hng ca throw l mt i tng ca mt
lp, m lp ny c dn xut t lp
Throwable
V d ca lnh throw
try{
if (flag < 0)
{
throw new MyException( ) ;
defined
// user-
Cc bit l c nh ngha v
lnh throw v throws(tt)
Mt phng thc n c th chn nhiu hn
mt bit l
V d t kha throw x l nhiu bit l
public class Example {
public void exceptionExample( ) throws
ExException, LookupException {
try
{ // statements }
catch(ExException exmp)
{ . }
catch(LookupException lkpex)
{ . }
}
}
Cc bit l c nh ngha vi
lnh throw v throws(tt)
Lp Exception thc thi giao din
Throwable v cung cp cc tnh nng
hu dng phn phi cho cc bit l.
Mt lp con ca lp Exception l mt
bit l mi c th bt gi c lp cc
loi Throwable khc.
RuntimeException
ArithmeticException
IllegalAccessException
IllegalArgumentException
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
NullPointerException
SecurityException
ClassNotFoundException
NumberFormatException
AWTException
IOException
FileNotFoundException
EOFException
NoSuchMethodException
InterruptedException
Chng V
LP TRNH GIAO DIN VI AWT
Toolkit
AWT l tp hp cc lp Java cho php
chng ta to mt GUI
Cung cp cc mc khc nhau to hot
ng v hiu ng GUI nh
Containers
Components
Layout managers
Graphics v drawing capabilities
Fonts
Events
Components
Tt c cc thnh phn cu to nn chng
trnh GUI c gi l component.
V d
Containers,
textfields, labels, checkboxes, textareas
scrollbars, scrollpanes, dialog
Containers
L thnh phn m c th cha cc
thnh phn khc. c th v v t mu.
C cc frames, panes,latches, hooks
Java.awt cha mt lp c tn l
Container. Lp ny dn xut trc tip
v khng trc tip theo 2 cch l:
Frames
Panels
Frames
L cc ca s
L lp con ca Windows
c hin th trong mt ca s v c ng
vin
Panels
L cc vng cha trong mt ca s.
Hin th trong mt ca s m trnh duyt
hoc appletviewer cung cp v khng c
ng vin.
c s dng nhm mt s cc thnh
phn
Mt panel khng c sn v th chng ta cn
phi thm n vo frame.
Hm dng
Panel()
Dialog
L mt lp con ca lp Window
i tng dialog c cu trc nh sau :
Frame myframe = new Frame(My frame);
String title = Title;
boolean modal = true;
Dialog dlg = new Dialog( myframe, title, modal);
Cc Components khc
V d
textfields, labels, checkboxes, textareas
scrollbars, scrollpanes, dialog
Label
c dng hin th chui (String)
Cc hm dng:
Label( )
Label(String labeltext)
Label(String labeltext, int alignment)
Cc phng thc:
setFont(Font f)
setText(String s)
getText( )
TextField
L iu khin text cho php hin th text hoc
cho user nhp d liu vo.
Cc hm dng:
TextField( )
TextField(int columns)
TextField(String s)
TextField(String s, int columns)
Cc phng thc:
setEchoChar(char)
setTest(String s)
getText( )
setEditable(boolean)
isEditable( )
TextArea
c dng khi text c ni dung t hai
dng tr ln
L iu khin text c th son tho
c vi nhiu dng
Cc bc to TextArea:
To mt phn t (element)
Ch ra s dng hay s ct (ty chn)
Ch ra v tr ca iu khin trn mn hnh
TextArea (tt)
Cc hm dng:
TextArea( )
TextArea(int rows, int cols )
TextArea(String text)
TextArea(String text, int rows, int cols)
Cc phng thc ca
TextArea
setText(String)
getText( )
setEditable(boolean)
isEditable( )
insertText(String, int)
replaceText(String, int, int)
Button
Cc nt Push hay Command l cch d nht
ly cc s kin ca user
Cc bc to button:
Cc hm dng:
Button( )
Button(String text)
Checkboxes and
RadioButtons
Checkboxes c dng khi cho php user nhiu cn
chn la
Radiobuttons c dng user ch ra mt la chn
duy nht
Cc bc to checkbox hoc radiobutton:
To mt phn t (element)
Khi to gi tr ban u (c gi tr selected hay unselected)
Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh
Hin th ra mn hnh
Cc hm dng to checkbox:
Checkbox( )
Checkbox(String text)
to radiobutton, ta phi to
CheckBoxGroup trc khi to button
tng
Choice Lists
L p Choice cho php ta to danh sch c nhiu
chn la
Khi list c to ln u tin, n c khi to l
empty
Cc bc to danh sch chn la:
To mt phn t
Thm cc mc (c kiu Strings) vo danh sch ,
tng mc mt
Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh
Hin th ra mn hnh
V d
Choice colors=new Choice( );
colors.addItem(Red);
colors.addItem(Green);
Trnh qun l b tr
Layout Manager
Cc loi layout khc nhau:
Flow Layout
Border Layout
Card Layout
Grid Layout
GridBag Layout
FlowLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho cc
applet v cc panel
Vi FlowLayout cc thnh phn s c
xp xp t gc tri trn n gc phi di
ca mn hnh
Cc constructor:
FlowLayout mylayout = new FlowLayout();
FlowLayout exLayout = new
flowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
BorderLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho
Window, Frame v Dialog
Trnh qun l ny c th xp xp n 5 thnh
phn trong container
Cc thnh phn c th c t vo 5
hng NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST v
CENTER ca container
V d: thm mt thnh phn vo vng
North ca container
Button b1= new Button(North Button);
setLayout(new BorderLayout( ));
add(b1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
CardLayout
GridLayout
H tr vic chia container thnh mt li
Cc thnh phn c b tr trong cc
dng v ct
Mt li nn cha t nht mt thnh
phn
Kiu layout ny c s dng khi tt c
cc thnh phn c cng kch thc
Hm constructor
GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(no. of rows,
no. of columns);
GridBagLayout
B tr cc thnh phn mt cch chnh
xc
Cc thnh phn khng cn c cng kch
thc
Cc thnh phn c xp xp trong mt
li cha cc dng v cc ct
Th t t cc thnh phn khng tun
theo hng t tri-sang-phi v trnxung-di
Hm constructor
GridBagLayout gb = new GridBagLayout( );
GridBagLayout
s dng layout ny, bn cn phi
bit thng tin v kch c v cch b tr
ca cc thnh phn
Lp GridBagLayoutConstraints lu
tr tt c cc thng tin m lp
GridLayout yu cu: V tr v kch
thuc mi thnh phn
X l cc s kin
Cc s kin (Events) c x l bng cc
cng c sau:
X l cc s kin (tt)
Event Listener s lng nghe mt s kin c
th m mt i tng to ra
Mi event listener cung cp cc phng
thc x l cc s kin ny
Lp c ci t listener cn nh ngha
nhng phng thc ny
X l cc s kin(tt)
Cc bc cn tun th s dng m hnh
Event Listener:
Ci t Listener tng ng
Nhn din c tt c cc thnh phn to ra s
kin
Nhn din c tt c cc s kin c x l
Ci t cc phng thc ca listener, v vit cc
on m x l s kin trong cc phng thc
ActionEvent
AdjustmentEvent
ComponentEvent
FocusEvent
ItemEvent
WindowEvent
TextEvent
MouseEvent
KeyEvent
ActionListener
AdjustmentListener
ComponentListener
FocusListener
ItemListener
WindowListener
TextListener
MouseListener
MouseMotionListener
KeyListener
Menus
Cc loi menu :
Pull-down
Pop-up menu
Ch c th t cc thanh menubar vo
trong cc Frame m thi
Cc thnh phn ca menu:
Menubar
MenuItems
Chng VI
Applets
Applets
L mt chng trnh Java m chy vi
s h tr ca trnh duyt web
Tt c cc applets l lp con ca lp
Applet
to mt applet, bn cn import hai
gi sau:
java.applet
java.awt
Cu trc applet
nh ngha mt applet t bn s kin xy ra
trong qu trnh thc thi
i vi mi s kin c nh ngha bi mt
phng thc tng ng.
Cc phng thc:
init( )
start( )
stop( )
destroy( )
paint( )
repaint( )
showStatus( )
getAppletInfo( )
Width
Height
Nhng hn ch v bo mt
trong applet
Khng th c hoc vit cc tp tin trn h
thng tp tin ca ngi s dng
Khng th giao tip vi mt site trn internet.
M ch giao tip vi mt dch v trn trang
web c applet.
Khng th chy bt k chng trnh no trn
h thng ca ngi c
Khng th load bt k chng trnh no
c lu trn h thng ca ngi s dng
Lp ha
c cung cp bi gi AWT
Cung cp mt tp hp cc phng thc
v nh sau:
Oval
Rectangle
Square
Circle
Lines
Text in different fonts
Graphical Background
Cc phng thc v nn :
getGraphics( )
repaint( )
update(Graphics g)
paint(Graphics g)
V cc hnh th
Phng thc c s dng v
ng thng nh sau
C php
drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
Drawing PolyLines
Cc phng thc c s dng v
nhiu c thng
C php
V v t cc hnh a gic
Cc phng thc v v t cc hnh a
gic
C php
Mu
Java s dng mu RGB
Bng cc gi tr mu
Element
Range
Red
Green
Blue
0-255
0-255
0-255
C php ca hm dng to mt mu
color(int red, int green, int blue);
Color
Red
Green
Blue
White
Light Gray
Gray
Dark Gray
Black
Pink
Orange
Yellow
255
192
128
64
0
255
255
255
255
192
128
64
0
175
200
255
255
192
128
64
0
175
0
0
Font
Gi java.awt package cung cp bi lp
Font
Cc phng thc ca lp Font:
getAllFont( )
getLocalGraphicsEnvironment( )
getFont( )
getFontList( )
V d
Font f1 = new Font("SansSerif", Font.ITALIC, 16);
g.setFont(f1);
Lp FontMetrics
o lng cc k t khc nhau hin th trong
cc font khc nhau.
Vic o lng bao gm height, baseline,
ascent, descent v leading ca font.
N khng c th v n l mt lp tru tng
getFontMetrics(f1)
getHeight( )
getAscent( )
getDescent( )
getLeading( )
getName( )
Kiu v
Cc i tng v c s dng.
Method used to make old and new
contents visible on the screen
setXORMode(Color c)
Chng VII
Lp trnh a tuyn
Tuyn
Lp trnh a tuyn l mt c trng
ca Java
Tuyn l n v nh nht ca on m
c th thi hnh c m thc hin mt
cng vic ring bit
a tuyn
L kh nng lm vic vi nhiu tuyn
a tuyn chuyn s dng cho vic
thc thi nhiu cng vic ngthi
a tuyn gim thi gian ri ca h
thng n mc thp nht.
Dn xut t lp Thread
Dn xut t Runnable.
Vng i ca mt tuyn
Phng thc:
start( )
sleep( )
wait( )
notify( )
run( )
stop( )
enumerate(Thread t)
getName( )
isAlive( )
getPriority( )
setName(String name)
join( )
isDaemon( )
setDaemon(Boolean on)
resume( )
sleep( )
start( )
tuyn Daemon(ngm)
Hai kiu tuyn trong mt chng trnh
Java:
Cc tuyn ngi s dng
tuyn ngm
tuyn ngm dn rc
a tuyn vi Applets
Cc chng trnh Java da trn Applet
thng s dng nhiu hn mt tuyn
Trong a tuyn vi Applets, Lp
java.applet.Applet l lp con c to ra
mt Applet ngi s dng nh ngha
n khng th thc hin c trc tip lp
con ca lp tuyn trong cc applet
Con ng lp con s dng lp tuyn:
S ng b tuyn
Thm nhp cc ti nguyn/d liu bi
nhiu tuyn
S ng b (Synchronization)
S quan st (Monitor)
Mutex
M ng b
thm nhp s quan st ca mt i
tng, lp trnh vin s dng t kha
synchronized gi mt phng
thc hiu chnh (modified method)
Khi mt tuyn ang c thc thi
trong phm vi mt phng thc ng
b (synchronized), bt k tuyn khc
hoc phng thc ng b khc m
c gng gi n trong thi gian s
phi i
Khuyt im ca cc phng
thc ng b
Cc trng thi chc chn khng li ch
cho a tuyn
Trnh bin dch Java t Sun khng
cha nhiu phng thc ng b
Cc phng thc ng b chm hn
t ba n bn ln so vi cc phng
thc tng ng khng ng b.
K thut wait-notify (i
thng bo) (1)
tuyn chia cc tc v thnh cc n v
ring bit v logic (hp l)
trnh trng hp kim sot vng,
Java bao gm mt thit k tt trong tin
trnh k thut truyn thng s dng cc
phng thc wait() (i), notify()
(thng bo) v notifyAll() (thng bo ht)
:
wait( )
notify( )
notifyAll( )
K thut wait-notify (i
thng bo) (1)
Cc chc nng ca cc phng thc
wait(), notify(), v notifyAll() l :
wait( )
notify( )
notifyAll( )
Mt s im cn nh trong khi
s dng phng thc wait():
tuyn ang gi a vo CPU
tuyn ang gi a vo kha
tuyn ang gi i vo vng i ca
monitor
Cc im chnh cn nh v
phng thc notify()
Mt tuyn a ra ngoi vng i ca monitor, v vo
trng thi sn sng
tuyn m c thng bo phi thu tr li kha ca
monitor trc khi n c th bt u
Phng thc notify() l khng chnh xc
Trong mt s trng hp ny, cc phng thc ca
monitor a ra 2 s phng:
S b tt (Deadlocks)
Mt deadlock (s b tt) xy ra khi hai
tuyn c mt ph thuc vng quanh trn mt
cp i tng ng b
N kh g li mt b tt bi nhng
nguyn nhn sau:
N him khi xy ra, khi hai tuyn chia nh
thi gian trong cng mt con ng
N c th bao hm nhiu hn hai tuyn v
hai i tng ng b
Nu mt chng trnh a tuyn kha kn
thng xuyn, ngay lp tc kim tra li iu
Thu dn
collection)
rc
(Garbage
Ci to hoc lm trng b nh nh
v cho cc i tng m cc i tng
ny khng s dng trong thi gian di
S dn rc thc thi nh l mt tuyn
ring bit c quyn u tin thp
S dng cu lnh sau tt i s dn
rc trong ng dng:
java noasyncgc
Chng VIII
Cc lung I/O
Cc lung
Cc lung l nhng ng ng dn gi
v nhn thng tin trong cc chng trnh
java.
Khi mt lung c hoc ghi , cc lung khc
b kho.
Nu li xy ra trong khi c hoc ghi lung,
mt ngoi l s kch hot.
Lp java.lang.System nh ngha lung nhp
v xut chun.
Cc lp lung I/O
Lp System.out.
Lp System.in.
Lp System.err.
Lp InputStream
L lp tru tng
nh ngha cch nhn d liu
Cung cp s phng thc dng c v
cc lung d liu lm u vo.
Cc phng thc:
read( )
available( )
close ( )
mark ( )
markSupported( )
reset( )
skip( )
Lp OutputStream
L lp tru tng.
nh ngha cch ghi d liu vo lung.
Cung cp tp cc phng thc tr gip.
trong vic to, ghi v x l cc lung xut.
Cc phng thc:
write(int)
write(byte[ ])
write(byte[ ], int, int)
flush( )
close( )
Phng thc ca lp
ByteArrayOutputStream :
reset( )
size( )
writeTo( )
Cc lp nhp/xut tp tin
Cc lp ny tr gip trong Java h tr
cc thao tc nhp v xut:
File
FileDescriptor
FileInputStream
FileOutputStream
Cc
lp
File,
FileDescriptor,
v
RandomAccessFile c s dng h tr
trc tip hoc truy cp nhp/xut ngu
nhin.
Lp tp tin
c s dng truy cp cc i tng tp tin
v thw mc
Nhng tp tin c tn c t tn theo qui
c ca h iu hnh ch
Lp ny cung cp phng thc khi to
to ra cc th mc v tp tin
Tt c cc thao tc th mc v tp tin u
c s dng cc phng thc truy cp v
cc phng thc th mc m cc lp tp tin
cung cp
Lp FileDescriptor
Cung cp vic truy cp ti cc tp tin
m t
Khng cung cp bt k tnh r nt no
ti thng tin m h iu hnh duy tr.
Cung cp ch mt phng thc gi l
valid( )
Lp FileInputStream
Cho php u vo c t mt tp tin
trong mt mu ca mt dng
Cc i tng c to ra s dng
chui tn tp tin, tp tin, i tng
FileDescriptor nh mt tham s.
Cc phng thc np chng ca lp
InputStream. n cung cp phng thc
finalize( ) v getFD( )
Lp FileOutputStream
Cho php kt xut ghi ra mt lung
tp tin
Cc i tng cng to ra s dng mt
chui tn tp tin, tp tin, hay i tng
FileDescriptor nh mt tham s.
Lp ny np chng cc phng thc
ca lp OutputStream v cung cp
phng thc finalize( ) v getFD( )
Nhp xut lc
Lc:
L kiu lung sa i cch iu qun mt lung
hin c.
v c bn c s dng thch ng cc lung
theo cc nhu cu ca chng trnh c th.
B lc nm gia lung nhp v lung xut.
Thc hin mt s tin trnh t bit trn cc byte
c chuyn giao t u vo n kt xut.
C th phi hp thc hin mt dy cc tu
chn lc.
Lp FilterInputStream
L lp tru tng.
L cha ca tt c cc lp lung nhp lc.
Cung cp kh nng to ra mt lung t
lung khc.
Mt lung c th c v cung cp cung cp
di dng kt xut cho lung khc.
duy tr mt dy cc i tng ca lp
InputStream
Cho php to ra nhiu b lc kt xch
(chained filters
).
Lp FilterOutputStream
L
dng
b
tr
cho
lp
FilterInputStream.
L cha ca tt c cc lp lung kt
xut.
Duy
tr
i
tng
ca
lp
OutputStream nh l mt bin out.
D liu ghi ra lp ny c th sa i
thc hin cc thao tc lc, v sau
phn hi n i tng OutputStream.
Vng m nhp/xut
Vng m:
L kho lu tr d liu.
C th cung cp d liu thay v quay tr li ngun
d liu gc ban u.
Java s dng vng m nhp v kt xut tm
thi lp cache d liu c c hoc ghi vo mt
lung.
Trong khi thc hin vng m nhp:
Lp BufferedInputStream
T ng to ra v duy tr vng m h tr
vng m nhp.
bi lp BufferedInputStream l mt b m,
n c th p ng cho mt s cc i tng
nht nh ca lp InputStream.
Cng c th phi hp cc tp tin u vo
khc.
S dng vi bin trin khai vng m
nhp.
Lp BufferedInputStream
(Contd)
nh ngha hai phng thc thit lp:
Lp BufferedOutputStream
Thc hin vng m kt xut theo cch
tng ng vi lp BufferedInputStream.
nh ngha hai phng thc thit lp. N
cho php chng ta n nh kch thc ca
vng m xut trong mt phng thc thit
lp, cng ging nh cung cp kch thc
vng m mc nh.
Np chng tt c phng thc ca lp
OutputStream v khng a vo bt k
phng thc no.
Lp Reader v Writer
L cc lp tru tng.
Chng nm ti nh ca h phn cp
lp, h tr vic c v ghi cc lung k
t unicode.
Lp Reader
H tr cc phng thc sau:
read( )
reset( )
skip( )
mark( )
markSupported( )
close( )
ready( )
Lp Writer
H tr cc phng thc sau :
write( )
flush( )
close( )
reset( )
size( )
toCharArray( )
toString( )
writeTo( )
getBuffer( )
toString( )
Lp PrinterWriter
Thc hin mt kt xut.
Lp ny c phng thc b sung , tr gip
in cc kiu d liu c bn .
Lp PrintWriter thay th lp PrintStream
Thc t ci thin lp PrintStream; lp ny
dng mt du tch dng ph thuc nn tng
im cc dng thay v k t \n.
Cung cp phn h tr cho cc k t unicode
so vi PrintStream.
Cc phng thc:
checkError( )
String readLine( )
Lp RandomAccessFile
Cung cp kh nng thc hin I/O theo cc v
tr c th bn trong mt tp tin.
d liu c th c hoc ghi ngu nhin
nhng v tr bn trong tp tin thay vi mt kho
lu tr thng tin lin tc.
phng thc seek( ) h tr truy cp ngu
nhin.
Thc hin c u vo v u ra d liu.
H tr cc cp php c v ghi tp tin c
bn.
K tha cc phng thc t cc lp
Cc phng thc ca lp
RandomAccessFile
seek( )
getFilePointer( )
length( )
Gi java.awt.print
Gm c cc giao din
Pageable:
Printable:
PrinterGraphics:
Paper
Book
PageFormat
PrinterJob
PrinterException
PrinterIOException
PrinterAbortException
Chng IX
KT NI CSDL
Java Database Connectivity
Tng quan
JDBC cung cp tp cc lp v interface
cho php chng trnh Java c th ni
chuyn c vi h CSDL
Tp cc lp ca JDBC
c th lm vic c vi
mi h csdl.
C 3 bc chnh kt ni CSDL.
Np database drivers
To ni kt, To i tng Connection
To i tng Statement thc thi cc
lnh sql..
V d
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:ATM");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
:
:
:
:
Database URL
Database URL l mt chui c dng
kt ni csdl.
c php :
jdbc:subprotocol name:other_stuff
The subprotocol name c dng tu
vo loi driver s dng kt ni csdl.
v d : subprotocol name l odbc nu
driver l cu ni jdbcodbc
Other_stuff cng ph thuc vo loi
driver no c s dng. v d nu
driver l cu ni jdbcodbc th thnh
phn ny l tn ca i tng ODBC
Database Driver
Bo m ng dng java tng tc vi mi
csdl di mt cch thc chun v duy nht.
Bo m nhng yu cu t chng trnh s
c biu din trong csdl di mt ngn ng
m csdl hiu c
nhn cc yu cu t client, chuyn n n vo
nh dng m csdl c th hiu c v th
hin trong csdl.
Nhn cc phn hi, chuyn n ngc li nh
dng d liu java v th hin trong ng dng.
Np Driver
Lp DriverManager chu trch nhim np driver
v to kt ni n csdl.
DriverManager.registerDriver(new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver());
hoc
Class.forName(String);
This returns the object associated with the class with
the given string name.
Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver);
Equivalent to:
new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver();
JDBC Driver
C 4 loi JDBC Driver
Loi 1: JDBC/ODBC
Loi 2: Native-API
Loi 3: Open Protocol-Net
Loi 4: Proprietary-Protocol-Net
Loi 2,3,4 ni chung c vit bi nh
cung cp csdl. hiu qu hn loi 1
nhng thc hin phc tp hn.
Loi I JDBC/ODBC
jdk h tr cu ni jdbc-odbc (jdbc-odbc
bridge).
Mm do nhng khng hiu qu.
Aplication
JDBC Driver
Client
Disk
ODBC Driver
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Server
Loi 2: Native-API
Tt hn loi 1, loi ny cho php JDBC giao
tip trc tip vi cc driver hay cc hm API
ca CSDL.
Aplication
JDBC Driver
Client
Disk
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Server
Network Interface
Server
JDBC Driver Server
Database
JDBC Driver
Client
Disk
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Server
Gi Java.sql
Cung cp tp hp cc lp v interface dng
trao i vi CSDL.
Cc lp
DriverManager
Date, Time
Timestamp
Types
Cc Interfaces
Driver
Connection
DatabaseMetaData
Statement
PreparedStatement
CallableStatement
ResultSet
ResultSetMetaData
i tng Statement
i tng Connection cha lin kt
trc tip n csdl.
S dng i tng Connection to
i tng Statement.
Statement s = con.createStatement();
i tng ny c nhim v gi cc cu
lnh sql n csdl.
executeQuery(String) or
executeUpdate(String) method
Cng mt i tng Statement c th
s dng cho nhiu cu lnh sql khc
The executeQuery()
Nhn cu lnh SQL (select) lm i s, tr li i
tng ResultSet
ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(SELECT *
FROM Books);
ResultSet
Cha mt hoc nhiu hng d liu t vic
thc hin cu lnh truy vn.
C th ly d liu tng hng d liu mt
trong ResultSet.
S dng phng thc next() di chuyn
n hng d liu tip theo trong ResultSet.
Hm next() tr li true ch rng hng cha d
liu, tr li false hng cui khng cha d
liu.
Thc hin
while (rs.next()){
// examine a row from the results
}
V d :
String isbn = rs.getString(1); // Column 1
float price = rs.getDouble(Price);
ResultSet Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SQLString);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
getColumnName(int column)
Prepared Statements
To execute a Statement object many times, it
will reduce execution time to use
PreparedStatement object
PreparedStatement object
unlike a Statement object, it is given an SQL
statement when it is created.
The advantage to this is that in most cases, this
SQL statement will be sent to the DBMS right
away, where it will be compiled.
As a result, the PreparedStatement object
contains not just an SQL statement, but an SQL
statement that has been precompiled.
This means that when the PreparedStatement is
Cc i tng Statement
khc
Prepared Statements
Callable Statement
Database Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v
csdl.
Chng trnh mu
import java.sql.*;
class JDBCDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Accserver");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(args[0]);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
for(int j=1; j<=numberOfColumns;j++) {
System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnLabel(j));
}
while(rs.next()) {
for(int i=1; i<=numberOfColumns;i++){
System.out.println(rs.getObject(i));
}}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
} catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Error " + e);