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bai tap ap dung phuong phap giai nhanh hoa hoc cho tiet
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Nguoithay.vn
n e nhng = n e nhn
Cc cu c gng khng ghi s cho nhn e ( Xem phn Cng thc c ht ri)
S nhng e ca Kl chnh l ha tr ca n: VD Al ha tr III => nhng 3e
Ch phn ng ca Fe + HCl th Fe nhng 2 e => FeCl2
Kh NO ha nu trong khng kh => NO2 (Mu nu)
DD tc dng vi NaOH => Mi khai (Hoac khi) l NH4NO3
II - Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. m (g) bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c12 gam hn hp cc cht rn FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3,
Fe d . Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch HNO 3 long thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca
l gam
A. m
5,04
B. 10,08 gam
C. 15,12 gam
D. 20,16 gam
p dng CT 9: mFe = 0,7.moxit + 5,6.n e nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6.3molNO = 0,7.12 + 5,6.3.0,1=10,08g
Bi2. Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt
kh. Nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau
phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 nng d th thu c V lt kh NO2 (ktc). Gi tr V l
C. 53,76 lt
A. 11,2 lt
B. 22,4 lt
D. 76,82 lt
Phng php bo ton e khng quan trng trung gian ch quan trng nhng cht c s cho nhn e.
17,4 g => n e nhn = 2nH2 ( 2H+ + 2 e => H2)
34,8 g => ne nhn = nNO2 => nNO2 = 4nH2 = 2,4 mol => V = 53,76 lt
Bi 3.Ha tan hon ton 28,8 gam kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 long, tt c kh NO thu c em oxi ha
thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc c dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh oxi ktc tham gia vo qu
trnh trn l
A. 5,04 lt
B. 7,56 lt
C. 6,72 lt
D. 8,96 lt
Bte : Cu 2 e=> Cu2+ , O2+ 4e =2O-2 => 2nCu = 4nO2 nO2 = 2.0,45/4 = 0,225 mol => V = 5,04 lt
Bi 4.Chia m gam hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 g hn hp oxit. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,56 gam
B. 2,64 gam
C. 3,12 gam
D. 4,68 gam
Phn 1 : ne nhng (Ca KL) = 2nH2 (ADCT 18)
PHn 2 : n e nhng = 4nO2 = > 2nH2 = 4nO2 => nO2 = 0,04 mol
AD LBT KL : m KL = mOxit mO2 = 2,84 0,04.32 = 1,56 g .V 2 phn => m ban u = 1,56.2 = 3,12g
Bi 5.Chia 38,6 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr duy nht thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tan va trong 2 lt dung dch HCl thy thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long nng thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc)
A. Nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l
A. 0,45 M
B. 0,25M
C. 0,55 M
D. 0,65 M
nHCl = 2nH2 = 2.0,65 = 1,3 mol => CM = 0,65M (nH+ = 2nH2 )
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bai tap ap dung phuong phap giai nhanh hoa hoc cho tiet | bogle san - Academia.edu
-1-
Nguoithay.vn
A. Mg
D. Cu
mFe + mM
= 38,6 mM =38,6B. Fe
mFe = 38,6 22,4 = C.
16,2Al
g
m ay = 0,9 => y = 0,9/a(mol) => Khi lng mol ca Mhay M ca M = 16,2a/0,9 = 9a vi a = 3=> Al
Bi 6.Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt
kh. Nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp tc dng dung dch NaOH d 3,36 lt kh. Vy nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn
tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3
nng d th thu c V lt kh NO2. Cc kh u c o iu kin tiu chun. Th tch kh NO 2 thu c l
A. 26,88 lt
B. 53,76 lt
C. 13,44 lt
D. 44,8 lt
Ging bi 2 Dng Nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp tc dng dung dch NaOH d 3,36 lt kh. Ch ta i
theo hng tnh 3 mol Al , Fe , Mg ban u thi
Bi 7.Cho tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp gm Mg v Fe trong dung dch HNO 3 2M, thu c dung dch D,
0,04 mol kh NO v 0,01 mol N 2O. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ly d, lc v nung kt ta
n khi lng thu c m gam cht rn.
A. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,6 gam
B. 3,6 gam
C. 5,2 gam
D. 7,8 gam
nMg (x) ; nFe(y) => 24x + 56 y = 3,6 = m hn hp
2x + 3y = 3nNO + 8nN2O = 3.0,04 + 8.0,01 =0,2 (AD 6) Gii h x = 0,01 , y = 0,06
p dng LBT Nguyn t Fe v Mg : (Nu cho Al v Zn th p vi NaOH d ko sinh kt ta)
nFe = 2n Fe2O3 => nFe2O3 = 0,03 mol => mFe2O3 = 0,03.160 = 4,8 g .
nMg = nMgO =0,01mol => mMgO =0,01.40 =0,4 g
=> mrn = 4,8 + 0,4 = 5,2g
B. Th tch HNO3 phn ng l
A. 0,5 lt
B. 0,24 lt
C. 0,26 lt
D. 0,13 lt
AD(8) : nHNO3 = 4nNO + 10nN2O = 4.0,04 + 0,01.10 = 0,26 mol => CM = 0,13M
Bi 8.Nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp H gm 4 cht rn, l Fe v
3 oxit ca n. Ha tan ht lng hn hp H trn bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht
(ktc). Tr s ca x l:
A 0,15
B 0,21
C 0,24
D Khng th xc nh
AD(9): mFe = 0,7.moxit + 5,6. ne nhn = 0,7.16,08 + 5,6.3.0,03 = 11,76 g => x = 11,76/56 = 0,21
Bi 9.Ha tan hon ton a gam FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 m c nng va , c cha 0,075 mol H 2SO4,
2
thu
c
b gam
a) Tr
s ca
b l:mt mui v c 168 ml kh SO (ktc) duy nht thot ra.
A 9,0 gam
B 8,0 gam
C 6,0 gam
D 12 gam
BT Nguyn t S trc v sau p => nH2SO4 = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + nSO2
0,075 = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + 0,0075 nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,0225 mol => b = 0,0225.400 = 9 g
b) Tr s ca a gam FexOy cu (3) trn l:
A 1,08 gam
B 2,4 gam
C 4,64 gam
D 3,48 gam
Dng BT KL : m FexOy + mH2SO4 = m mui ( b) + mSO2 + mH2O
m FexOy + 0,075.98 = 9 + 0,0075.64 + 0,075 . 18 m FexOy = 3,48g
c) Cng thc ca FexOy cu (3) l:
A FeO
B Fe2O3
C Fe3O4
D khng xc nh
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A FeO
bai tap ap dung phuong phap giai nhanh hoa hoc cho tiet | bogle san - Academia.edu
B Fe2O3
C Fe3O4
D khng xc nh
c
V to ra kh => FexOy c th l FeO hoc Fe3O4 . u nhng 1 e ht : BT e
nFexOy = 2nSO2 = 0,015 mol => MFexOy = 3,48/0,015 = 232 => Fe3O4
C th lm c ri quay li b cng c : Da vo nFexOy = 2nSO2 m nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,0225 mol
=> BT nguyn t Fe ta c : x.nFexOy = 2nFe2(SO4)3 => x= 3 => Fe3O4
Bi 12.Khi cho 5,4 gam kim loi nhm phn ng hon ton vi dung dch H 2SO4 m c, nng to kh SO 2
thot ra th lng kim loi nhm ny trao i bao nhiu in t?
A cho 0,2 mol
B cho 0,6 mol
C cho 0,4 mol
D. Tt c u sai
Al ha tr III => Nhng 3 e => B
-2-
Nguoithay.vn
Bi 13.Ha tan hon ton m gam bt kim loi nhm vo mt lng dung dch axit nitric rt long c d, c 0,03
mol kh N2 duy nht thot ra. Ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi lung d dung dch xt, un nng, c
672 ml duy nht mt kh (ktc) c mi khai thot ra. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca m l:
A 3,24 gam
B 4,32 gam
C 4,86 gam
D 3,51 gam
C kh mi khai(Kh NH3) => c mui NH4NO3 (Bi 1 dy phn ny ri)
NH4NO3 + NaOH => NaNO3 + NH3 +H2O => nNH3 = nNH4NO3 = 0,03 mol
LBT e(AD6) : 3nAl = 10nN2 + 8nNH4NO3 nAl = (0,03.10 + 0,03.8)/3 = 0,18 => m = 4,86 g
Hoc N(+5) trong HNO3 => N(-3) trong NH3 (Kh mi khai) => 3nAl = 10nN2 + 8nNH3
Bi 15. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R1, R2 khng tc dng vi nc v ng
trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO3 d thu
c 1,12 l kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO3 th thu
c bao nhiu lt N2. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
A.0,112 lt
B.0,224 lt
C.0,336 lt
D.0,56 lt
Phn 1: Kh to ra NO : n e nhng KL = 3nNO = 0,15 mol (BT E AD 3)
Phn 2:Khi to ra N2 : ne nhng KL = 10nN2
=> 3nNO = 10nN2 => nN2 = 0,015 mol => V = 0,336 lt (Hoc t l th tch = t l s mol)
Bi 16. Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol
NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
A.4.69
B.5,69
C.6,69
D.7,79
AD7: m mui = m hn hp Kl + n e nhn . 62= 1,35 + (3nNO + nNO2).62=1,35 + (3.0,01 + 0,04).62 = 5,69g
Bi
bng18.
nhau:Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr khng i l m v n. Chia 0,8g hn hp X thnh 2 phn
Phn 1: Tan hon ton trong H2SO4, gii phng c 224ml H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: B oxy ho hon ton to ra m gam hn hp 2 oxit.
1/ Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c phn 1 l:
B. 1,36g
A. 1,76g
C. 0,88g
D. 1,28g
Chia thnh 2 phn = nhau => m hn hp Kl mi phn = 0,8/2 = 0,4 g
AD2: m mui sunfat = m hn hp KL + nH2(hoc H2SO4).96 = 0,4 + 0,01.96 = 1,36 g
2/ Khi lng m gam hn hp oxit phn 2 l:
A0,56g
B. 0,72g
C. 7,2g
D. 0,96g
.
Nh bi 4 : 2nH2 = 4nO2 => mOxit = mKl + mO2 (BT khi lng)
Bi 19. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi hot ng X1, X2 c ho tr khng i. Chia 4,04g X thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
Phn 1: Tan hon ton trong dung dch long cha 2 axit HCl v H2SO4 to ra 1,12 lt H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 v ch to ra kh NO duy nht.
1/ Th tch kh NO (lt) thot ra ktc l:
A. 0,747
B. 1,746
C. 0,323
D. 1,494
Phn 1 : n e nhng = ne nhn = 2nH2 = 2.0,05 = 0,1 mol
Phn 2: n e nhng = ne nhn = 3nNO
=> 2nH2 = 3nNO=> nNO = 0,1/3 => V = 2,24/3 = 0,747 lt
2/ Khi lng m (gam) mui nitrat to ra phn 2 l:
A. 2,18
B. 4,22
C. 4,11
D. 3,11
E. 8,22
AD7: m mui = m hn hp KL + n e nhn .62 = 4,04/2 + 0,1.62 = 8,22 g
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